FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HOUK, VN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ AF HOUK, VN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ TI SETTING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR INJURY CONTROL IN THE 1990S - REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH INJURIES - SPECIAL REPORT FROM THE 3RD NATIONAL INJURY CONTROL CONFERENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 57 EP 58 DI 10.1097/00002060-199202000-00015 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA HE383 UT WOS:A1992HE38300015 PM 1739448 ER PT J AU COLE, TM MAYNARD, FM GRAITCER, PL APPLE, DF ACREE, KH BOEN, JR BONTKE, CF DITUNNO, JF FENDERSON, DA FINE, LJ FINE, PR FUHRER, MJ GLASS, DD GRAVES, W HELM, PA JAFFE, KM JETTE, A MACKENZIE, EJ MOSKOWITZ, J PERRY, J TRIESCHMANN, RB WALDREP, K WILLIAMS, TF BAER, K AF COLE, TM MAYNARD, FM GRAITCER, PL APPLE, DF ACREE, KH BOEN, JR BONTKE, CF DITUNNO, JF FENDERSON, DA FINE, LJ FINE, PR FUHRER, MJ GLASS, DD GRAVES, W HELM, PA JAFFE, KM JETTE, A MACKENZIE, EJ MOSKOWITZ, J PERRY, J TRIESCHMANN, RB WALDREP, K WILLIAMS, TF BAER, K TI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - POSITION PAPER ON REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH INJURIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. SHEPHERD SPINAL CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MIAMI,FL. NIDRR,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75230. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RANCHO LOS AMIGOS MED CTR,DOWNEY,CA. KENT WALDREP NATL PARALYSIS FDN,DALLAS,TX. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. RP COLE, TM (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 71 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA HE383 UT WOS:A1992HE38300016 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO MOSHER, WD CATES, W AF ARAL, SO MOSHER, WD CATES, W TI VAGINAL DOUCHING AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN THE UNITED-STATES - 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; RISK FACTOR AB Background. Vaginal douching has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in several epidemiologic studies. Methods. To determine the extent to which douching is practiced and to describe the population subgroups in which it is most prevalent, we analyzed data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth, which is based on a nationally representative sample of 8450 United States women between the ages of 15 and 44 years. Results. Thirty-seven percent of the sample reported douching; 18% douched at least once a week. The variable most strongly and consistently associated with douching was race: two thirds of Black women, but only one third of White women, reported douching. The practice was least frequent among 15- to 19-year-olds (31%) and most frequent among 20- to 24-year-olds (41%). Douching was more common among women who lived in poverty (50%) than among those who did not (28%). Seventy percent of Black women living in poverty reported douching. Women with less than a high school education were almost four times more likely to report douching as those with 16 or more years of schooling (56% vs 16%). Women with only 1 partner and those with 10 or more partners were less likely to douche than others. Sixteen percent of women who reported douching, compared with 10% of those who did not, also reported a history of PID. Conclusions. Douching may be a modifiable risk factor for PID, it should be a high priority for future etiologic research. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT E44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.2.210 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL398 UT WOS:A1992HL39800011 PM 1739149 ER PT J AU CHU, SY PETERMAN, TA DOLL, LS BUEHLER, JW CURRAN, JW AF CHU, SY PETERMAN, TA DOLL, LS BUEHLER, JW CURRAN, JW TI AIDS IN BISEXUAL MEN IN THE UNITED-STATES - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION TO WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background. Homosexual and bisexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) differ, and bisexual men play an important role in the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to women. Methods. To describe AIDS in these groups, we examined AIDS cases reported nationally through June 1990. Results. Among 65 389 men who reported having had sex with men since 1977, 26% were bisexual. More Black (41%) and Hispanic men (31%) than White men (21%) reported bisexual behavior. Bisexual men were twice as likely to report intravenous drug use (20%) as were homosexual men (9%), regardless of race or ethnicity. Among 3555 women with heterosexually acquired AIDS, 11% reported sexual contact with a bisexual man and no other risk factor, although in some states approximately half reported such contact. In 1989, the AIDS rate due to sex with a bisexual man was three and five times higher among Hispanic and Black women, respectively, than among White women. Conclusions. Differences between bisexual and homosexual men with AIDS and the relative importance of AIDS in women due to sexual contact with bisexual men should be considered in the development of HIV prevention programs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 19 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.2.220 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL398 UT WOS:A1992HL39800013 PM 1739151 ER PT J AU BOSS, LP GUCKES, FH AF BOSS, LP GUCKES, FH TI MEDICAID COVERAGE OF SCREENING-TESTS FOR BREAST AND CERVICAL-CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Although most women receive periodic Papanicolaou smear (Pap) for early diagnosis of cervical cancer, those who do not are more likely to be of lower socioeconomic status. Similarly, for the many women who do not receive periodic mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer, cost has often been cited as a reason. Medicaid provides health benefits to roughly 9.4 million women of the appropriate ages for Pap tests and roughly 3.3 million women of the appropriate ages for mammography. The decision to provide such coverage is made on the state level. Of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 49 provide some level of coverage for Pap smears, 39 for screening mammography. Knowing the extent of coverage allows public health professionals to take advantage of this funding source to provide services for lower-income women and may help initiate coverage in those states where it is not currently available. C1 EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,NORFOLK,VA 23501. RP BOSS, LP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MS C08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.2.252 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL398 UT WOS:A1992HL39800019 PM 1739157 ER PT J AU TEPPER, A AF TEPPER, A TI SURVEILLANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL LEAD-EXPOSURE IN NEW-JERSEY - 1986 TO 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID CALIFORNIA AB Between January 1986 and June 1989, 1916 New Jersey workers were identified through a surveillance system for occupational lead exposure. The average annual proportion of workers with a blood lead level above 2.42-mu-mol/L was 12%. Industries with the highest proportion of workers with blood lead levels above 2.42-mu-mol/L were special trade construction (35%) and industries dealing with scrap and waste materials (27%). RP TEPPER, A (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.2.275 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL398 UT WOS:A1992HL39800026 PM 1739164 ER PT J AU UHAA, IJ MACLEAN, JD GREENE, CR FISHBEIN, DB AF UHAA, IJ MACLEAN, JD GREENE, CR FISHBEIN, DB TI A CASE OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS ACQUIRED IN MALI - CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; CANIS AB We report on the clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory characteristics of the first case of human ehrlichiosis acquired outside the United States caused by an Ehrlichia sp. other than E. sennetsu. The patient, a 24-year-old woman, presumably acquired the infection in Mali in northern Africa; the diagnosis was made when she returned to North America. The patient reported a fever and diarrhea a week before she left Mali; the diarrhea resolved, but the fever and chills continued. She also reported intermittent tingling in both hands and feet and muscle discomfort. Her temperature was 37.8-degrees-C and her pulse rate was 100 per minute. She had two erythematous maculopapules (0.5 x 0.7 mm) on her thigh and ankle that resembled infected insect bites. Her hemoglobin level was 148 g/l with normal indices, and her white blood cell count was 10, 500/mm3 with many atypical lymphocytes and platelets. This report is intended to increase physicians' awareness of ehrlichiosis in foreign travelers and other patients, and suggests the need for further research to determine the prevalence and distribution of this disease. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL GEN HOSP,CTR TROP DIS,MONTREAL H3G 1A4,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP UHAA, IJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HH014 UT WOS:A1992HH01400010 PM 1539750 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE CARAS, GJ AF SNIDER, DE CARAS, GJ TI ISONIAZID-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS DEATHS - A REVIEW OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,MAILSTOP E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 145 IS 2 BP 494 EP 497 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA HC998 UT WOS:A1992HC99800044 PM 1736764 ER PT J AU STEINER, B CRUCE, D AF STEINER, B CRUCE, D TI A ZYMOGRAPHIC ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF HYALURONIDASE ACTIVITY ON POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS AND ITS APPLICATION TO ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY FOUND IN BACTERIA SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; PURIFICATION; PROTEASE; LYASE RP STEINER, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 2 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90487-R PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HB926 UT WOS:A1992HB92600033 PM 1632506 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ AF HOUK, VN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ TI SETTING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR INJURY CONTROL IN THE 1990S SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE INJURY CONTROL RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80166-0 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA HB580 UT WOS:A1992HB58000022 PM 1739214 ER PT J AU SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE AF SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE TI L MONOCYTOGENES OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE - REPLY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SWAMINATHAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 58 IS 2 BP 777 EP 777 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HC494 UT WOS:A1992HC49400063 ER PT J AU SCHLEIFER, LM AF SCHLEIFER, LM TI ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING - (EPM) SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(92)90004-F PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA HR876 UT WOS:A1992HR87600002 PM 15676843 ER PT J AU SCHLEIFER, LM SHELL, RL AF SCHLEIFER, LM SHELL, RL TI A REVIEW AND REAPPRAISAL OF ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING, PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND STRESS ALLOWANCES SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL; ELECTRONIC MONITORING; STRESS ALLOWANCE; TASK OVERLOAD; WORK STANDARDS AB There is a growing trend toward electronic performance monitoring (EPM) to track the performance of workers engaged in computer-based tasks. Despite the possible productivity advantages of this approach to work management, the use of EPM may produce stress through work overload, negative computer feedback, loss of incentive pay and threat of job loss. These stress effects are most likely to occur among workers who have difficulty meeting work standards (eg. forms processed per hour) enforced through EPM. A stress allowance is proposed as a new category of work allowance for adjusting EPM work standards so as to minimize imbalances between task demands and the worker's resources to adapt. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MECH IND & NUCL ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(92)90010-S PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA HR876 UT WOS:A1992HR87600008 PM 15676849 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, ER ASHLEY, K AF KENNEDY, ER ASHLEY, K TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE STUDY OF THE REACTION OF PENTANAL AND PROPANAL WITH 2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PIPERIDINE SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ANALYSES FOR ALDEHYDES; ATR SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED; SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES ID CYLINDRICAL INTERNAL-REFLECTION; FT-IR; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION AB The reactions of propanal and pentanal with 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry/attenuated total reflectance in both the solution phase and at the gas/solid interface. The reactions were studied with the use of a flow-through cylindrical internal reflection ("circle") cell. Reaction intermediates were tentatively identified by their characteristic infrared absorption frequencies. At the gas/solid interface the reaction is thought to yield a hemiaminal intermediate. In the solution phase a hemiaminal intermediate is believed to form initially, followed by loss of water to generate an enamine product. In both gas-phase and solution-phase studies, an oxazolidine product is prepared only after an ultrasound treatment. The FT-IR/ATR technique reveals detailed mechanistic information concerning reactions between aldehydes and ethanol amines. C1 US DEPT HHS,WASHINGTON,DC 20201. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1366/0003702924125401 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA HE080 UT WOS:A1992HE08000016 ER PT J AU DESTEFANO, F MERRITT, RK AF DESTEFANO, F MERRITT, RK TI TRENDS IN NONFATAL CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA HC293 UT WOS:A1992HC29300105 ER PT J AU GILES, W ANDA, R JONES, D MERRITT, R DESTEFANO, F AF GILES, W ANDA, R JONES, D MERRITT, R DESTEFANO, F TI RECENT TRENDS IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 878 EP 878 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA HC293 UT WOS:A1992HC29300114 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL SCHMID, DS LAIRMORE, MD AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL SCHMID, DS LAIRMORE, MD TI CONCOMITANT AUGMENTATION OF CD4+CD29+ HELPER INDUCER AND DIMINUTION OF CD4+CD45RA+ SUPPRESSOR INDUCER SUBSET IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I OR TYPE-II SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTLV; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; HTLV ISOLATION ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; FUNCTIONAL-HETEROGENEITY; HTLV; MYELOPATHY; ACTIVATION; CD8; ANTIBODIES; CARRIERS; INVIVO AB To examine the immunomodulatory effects of HTLV infection, lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on patients infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I, n = 6) or -II (HTLV-II, n = 12) and on normal blood donors (n = 16). The percentages of total B lymphocytes (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD16), T lymphocytes and their subsets (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8), and IL-2R (CD25) were found to be within the range found in normal donors. However, the expression of CD8+ HLA-DR+ increased significantly in patients with HTLV-I or HTLV-II infection (14.1 +/- 3.9% and 9.7 +/- 2.4% respectively; P < 0.01) when compared with controls (3.2 +/-1.1%). In addition, there was a significantly greater proportion of CD4+CD29+ T lymphocytes (29.3 +/- 6.1% and 31.1 +/- 9.0%; P < 0.05) with concomitant diminution of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes (8.3 +/- 3-3% and 11.4 +/- 1.5%; P < 0.01) in patients infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II respectively, when compared with controls. The increased percentage of CD4+CD29+ subpopulations showed a direct correlation (r(s) = 0.86; P < 0.001) with HTLV-specific antibody production. No difference in the CD8 population coexpressing CD29 and S6F1 (an epitope of LFA-1) were observed in the HTLV-infected group when compared with normal donors and functional analysis exhibited minimal cytotoxicity against lectin labelled heterologous target cells. Thus, the shift in the suppressor/cytotoxic to helper/inducer 'memory' CD4+ may be associated with immunoregulatory abnormalities often found in persons infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 87 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HB651 UT WOS:A1992HB65100022 PM 1370929 ER PT J AU STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL BIELLIK, RJ BRINK, EW KEW, OM PALLANSCH, MA ORENSTEIN, WA HINMAN, AR AF STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL BIELLIK, RJ BRINK, EW KEW, OM PALLANSCH, MA ORENSTEIN, WA HINMAN, AR TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POLIOMYELITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES ONE DECADE AFTER THE LAST REPORTED CASE OF INDIGENOUS WILD VIRUS-ASSOCIATED DISEASE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ORAL POLIO VACCINE; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNIZATION; LIVE; POLIOVIRUSES; STRAINS; ERADICATION AB Poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus has been virtually nonexistent in the United States since 1980, and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) has emerged as the predominant form of the disease. We reviewed national surveillance data on poliomyelitis for 1960-1989 to assess the changing risks of wild-virus, vaccine-associated, and imported paralytic disease; we also sought to characterize the epidemiology of poliomyelitis for the period 1980-1989. The risk of VAPP has remained exceedingly low but stable since the mid-1960s, with approximately 1 case occurring per 2.5 million doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) distributed during 1980-1989. Since 1980 no indigenous cases of wild-virus disease, 80 cases of VAPP, and five cases of imported disease have been reported in the United States. Three distinct groups are at risk of vaccine-associated disease: recipients of OPV (usually infants receiving their first dose), persons in contact with OPV recipients (mostly unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated adults), and immunologically abnormal individuals. Overall, 93% of cases in OPV recipients and 76% of vaccine-associated cases have been related to administration of the first or second dose of OPV. Our findings suggest that adoption of a sequential vaccination schedule (inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by OPV) would be effective in decreasing the risk of VAPP while retaining the proven public health benefits of OPV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 57 TC 207 Z9 214 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 568 EP 579 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HD518 UT WOS:A1992HD51800025 PM 1554844 ER PT J AU ATRASH, HK ROWLEY, D HOGUE, CJR AF ATRASH, HK ROWLEY, D HOGUE, CJR TI MATERNAL AND PERINATAL-MORTALITY SO CURRENT OPINION IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review AB Maternal and perinatal mortality are important health problems in the United States. Emerging causes of maternal deaths are embolism, cardiomyopathy, anesthesia complications, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Maternal deaths continue to be underreported. Active surveillance is needed to better identify maternal deaths and to understand their causes and risk factors. Although perinatal deaths have declined recently-primarily because technologic advances have improved low-birth-weight babies' chances for survival-they remain a problem, particularly among blacks. Clinicians should strive to reduce preventable deaths among black normal-birth-weight babies and to prevent low birth weight and premature birth among black infants. Future research should focus on determining whether early prenatal care and cesarean delivery actually reduce perinatal mortality. A better understanding of prenatal and intrapartum care and their benefits will help in the development of strategies to reduce perinatal and maternal deaths. RP ATRASH, HK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 1040-872X J9 CURR OPIN OBSTET GYN JI Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 4 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HG240 UT WOS:A1992HG24000009 PM 1543832 ER PT J AU NEU, HC DUMA, RJ JONES, RN MCGOWAN, JE OBRIEN, TF SABATH, LD SANDERS, CC SCHAFFNER, W TALLY, FP TENOVER, FC YOUNG, LS AF NEU, HC DUMA, RJ JONES, RN MCGOWAN, JE OBRIEN, TF SABATH, LD SANDERS, CC SCHAFFNER, W TALLY, FP TENOVER, FC YOUNG, LS TI ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL FDN INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD. KUZELL INST ARTHRIT & INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68178. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,PROVO,UT 84602. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP NEU, HC (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,630 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 SU S BP S53 EP S60 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HD143 UT WOS:A1992HD14300009 PM 1737445 ER PT J AU NEU, HC DUMA, RJ JONES, RN MCGOWAN, JE OBRIEN, TF SABATH, LD SANDERS, CC SCHAFFNER, W TENOVER, FC YOUNG, LS AF NEU, HC DUMA, RJ JONES, RN MCGOWAN, JE OBRIEN, TF SABATH, LD SANDERS, CC SCHAFFNER, W TENOVER, FC YOUNG, LS TI THERAPEUTIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE THE SPREAD OF TYPE-I BETA-LACTAMASE RESISTANCE SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The objectives of this United States Consensus Panel meeting were to evaluate the effectiveness of current surveillance systems for the detection of bacterial resistance as well as to formulate recommendations that can assist hospitals in determining actions that should be taken when a resistance problem is detected. These recommendations may be particularly helpful in controlling the emergence and spread of type-I beta-lactamase resistance. Numerous case reports of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens known to produce type-I beta-lactamases have appeared in the literature since the introduction of the newer "third-generation" cephalosporins. The widespread use of these newer antimicrobial agents, often selected as standard therapy for serious hospital-acquired infections, has been associated with a corresponding increase in resistance to them. The failure of hospitalwide surveillance methods to describe the scope of this problem, especially among the most critically ill patients, may have resulted in a false sense of security among some infectious disease specialists and clinicians prescribing these antimicrobials as empiric therapy. High-level resistance in individual hospital units may be masked in hospitalwide antibiograms. A variety of conclusions and recommendations were formulated based on the collective experiences of the Consensus Panel members. Microbiology laboratories must make it a high priority to identify markers that will assist in rapidly identifying resistant organisms. Cooperative efforts are needed among users of commercial and automated microbiology test instruments to standardize results and to improve quality control, thereby making the data more directly comparable between laboratories. Participation in both national and local surveillance systems should be encouraged. Optimally, monitoring programs should provide data by hospital unit, by anatomic site, be sentinel organism, and even categorized by type of patient. In this manner, the collection of clearly defined susceptibility data will facilitate the rapid identification of resistance outbreaks, an assessment of which antimicrobial agents have been most commonly associated with the emergence of resistance, and an appropriate response to the problem. Furthermore, the panel suggests that it is imperative to study the dynamics of the spread of infection in order to determine whether the organisms originate in the patient's own flora or have been acquired from an exogenous source. The widespread and indiscriminate use of certain drugs associated with the emergence of type-I beta-lactamase resistance should be discouraged. These are some of the new strategies that should be investigated: (a) restrict antibiotics that can select or have selected for resistant organisms, (b) rotate the use of certain antimicrobial agents within an institution to preempt the emergence/selection of resistance, and (c) utilize alternative therapies (combinations and so forth) when appropriate so as to minimize but not totally limit the emergence of resistance. In addition, clinicians should be alerted to the scope of this problem because it has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL FDN INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD. KUZELL INST ARTHRIT & INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68178. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,PROVO,UT 84602. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP NEU, HC (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,630 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 SU S BP S49 EP S52 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HD143 UT WOS:A1992HD14300008 PM 1737444 ER PT J AU FRANKS, JR ENGEL, DP THEMANN, CL AF FRANKS, JR ENGEL, DP THEMANN, CL TI REAL EAR ATTENUATION AT THRESHOLD FOR 3 AUDIOMETRIC HEADPHONE DEVICES - IMPLICATIONS FOR MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE AMBIENT NOISE-LEVEL STANDARDS SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID TDH-39 EARPHONES; SOUND-ATTENUATION; MX-41-AR; CUSHIONS; HEADSET AB Attenation measurements were made using the ANSI S12.6-1984 protocol on a standard Telephonics headset with TDH-50P earphones and Model 51 cushions, Amplivox Audiocups headphone enclosures, and Peltor AudioMate headphone enclosures. Each of the enclosures housed Telephonics TDH-50P earphones with Model 51 cushions. The mean attenuation values obtained were compared with those previously reported, and reasons for discrepancies were analyzed. Pure-tone threshold shifts in background noise complying with ANSI S3.1-1977 and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1983) maximum permissible ambient noise level standards were estimated on the basis of the attenuation values for each headphone device, and the adequacy of these current standards for accurate pure-tone threshold assessment was considered. The results indicated that Model 51 cushions alone are insufficient to attenuate the ambient noise levels permitted under ANSI S3.1-1977, and even the utilizaion of noise-eexcluding headphone enclosures does not reduce the background noise levels permitted under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1983) to a sufficient degree to permitt testing down to 0 dB HL. RP FRANKS, JR (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1097/00003446-199202000-00004 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA HF001 UT WOS:A1992HF00100004 PM 1541370 ER PT J AU MERRY, CJ SIZEMORE, CW FRANKS, JR AF MERRY, CJ SIZEMORE, CW FRANKS, JR TI THE EFFECT OF FITTING PROCEDURE ON HEARING PROTECTOR ATTENUATION SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; NOISE AB Realistically evaluating the effectiness of hearing protectors contiunes to be a major problem in hearing conservation. The purpose of this study was to examine a laboratory-based fitting procedure (User Fit) that was designed to yield hearing protector attenuation values similar to that derived from field studies. Ten subjects who were naive to hearing protectors were used in a repeated measures design that measured real ear attenuation at threshold for two types of plugs. Each subject was tested in two fitting conditions that varied based on the type and degree of assistance given to the subjects by the experimenter. The results showed significant differences in attenuation based on the fitting procedure used, with the User Fit best approximating field data. In addition, a generalized learning effect was noted. The results suggest that any experience with earplugs leads to subsequent improvement in attenuation despite the type of earplug used. Further testing is planned with greater numbers of subjects and additional types of hearing protectors. RP MERRY, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1097/00003446-199202000-00005 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA HF001 UT WOS:A1992HF00100005 PM 1541368 ER PT J AU MILLET, P CHIZZOLINI, C WIRTZ, RA BATHURST, I BRODERSON, JR CAMPBELL, GH COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P CHIZZOLINI, C WIRTZ, RA BATHURST, I BRODERSON, JR CAMPBELL, GH COLLINS, WE TI INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST SPOROZOITES INDUCED BY ANTIBODIES DIRECTED AGAINST NONREPETITIVE REGIONS OF THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS; REPEAT DOMAIN; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPITOPES; KNOWLESI; INVITRO; MICE AB In previous studies, Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys have been immunized with four recombinant proteins reproducing part of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites (NS1(81)V20, rPvCS-1, rPvCS-2, rPvCS-3), or with irradiated sporozoites of P. vivax Salvador I strain. To analyze the antibody response elicited against epitopes located outside the immunodominant repeat region of the CS protein, serum samples from these animals were tested for their ability to inhibit the in vitro development of liver stages of P. vivax VK247 strain, characterized from the other strains only by a specific repeat region on the CS protein. Results indicated that there is at least one protective B-cell epitope outside the repeat region of the CS protein of P. vivax sporozoites, and that this epitope can be expressed by irradiated sporozoites, rPvCS-2 and -3, but not by rPvCS-1 or NS1(81)V20. Therefore, we designed peptides from the amino acid sequences present both in rPvCS-2 and -3, but not included in the recombinant proteins rPvCS-1 and NS1(81)V20. Anti-peptide antibodies had no activity on the development of sporozoites of P. vivax Salvador I strain, into schizonts in primary culture of Saimiri monkey hepatocytes. In addition, antisporozoite antibodies did not react with any of the peptides. These results suggest that the in vitro inhibition observed in this study could depend upon the conformation of the CS protein. This study also demonstrates that antibody response to unnatural linear epitopes can be induced by immunization with recombinant proteins. C1 CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PATHOL 2,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PATHOL 2,DIV PARASIT DIS F12,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1002/eji.1830220234 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HF952 UT WOS:A1992HF95200033 PM 1371470 ER PT J AU JEFFERIS, R REIMER, CB SKVARIL, F DELANGE, GG GOODALL, DM BENTLEY, TL PHILLIPS, DJ VLUG, A HARADA, S RADL, J CLAASSEN, E BOERSMA, JA COOLEN, J AF JEFFERIS, R REIMER, CB SKVARIL, F DELANGE, GG GOODALL, DM BENTLEY, TL PHILLIPS, DJ VLUG, A HARADA, S RADL, J CLAASSEN, E BOERSMA, JA COOLEN, J TI EVALUATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES HAVING SPECIFICITY FOR HUMAN-IGG SUBCLASSES - RESULTS OF THE 2ND IUIS WHO COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; IGG SUBCLASSES; SPECIFICITY ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; DEFICIENCY; ANTIGEN; RABBITS; INSITU AB Following the 1st IUIS/WHO Collaborative Study of monoclonal anti-IgG subclass antibodies, a panel of WHO Specificity Reference Reagents (SRR) was established [Jefferis, R., et al. (1985) Immunol. Lett., 10, 223]. At the time, the hope was expressed that further reagents particularly for IgG2, and other allotypic specificities would become available which could be applied in a wide range of assay protocols. The 2nd study reports the evaluation of nineteen anti-subclass and seven anti-allotype monoclonal antibodies. The anti-IgG1 antibody HP6187 was equivalent in performance to the SRR. Others, that were not of the mouse IgG1 isotype, may be useful for particular applications. The anti-IgG2 antibody HP6200 could be a valuable addition to the WHO SRR; it is specific for an epitope in the Fab region but does not have the light chain bias of HP6014. Antibodies of putative allotype specificity exhibited the claimed specificity when used within protocols similar to those employed by the originating laboratory. It appears to be inherent in the nature of the epitopes (allotopes) recognized that it will take several years before reagents applicable to a wide range of techniques will become available. C1 UNIV BERN,CH-3000 BERN,SWITZERLAND. SHIONOGI INST MED SCI,OSAKA,JAPAN. TNO,INST EXPTL GERONTOL,RIJSWIJK,NETHERLANDS. TNO,MED BIOL LAB,RIJSWIJK,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NETHERLANDS RED CROSS,BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV,CENT LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP JEFFERIS, R (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 2 BP 143 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90141-A PG 26 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GY339 UT WOS:A1992GY33900008 PM 1371266 ER PT J AU BAPTISTE, MS NASCA, PC DOYLE, JT ROTHENBERG, RR MACCUBBIN, PA METTLIN, C METZGER, BB CARLTON, KA AF BAPTISTE, MS NASCA, PC DOYLE, JT ROTHENBERG, RR MACCUBBIN, PA METTLIN, C METZGER, BB CARLTON, KA TI CHOLESTEROL AND CANCER IN A POPULATION OF MALE CIVIL-SERVICE WORKERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; COLON CANCER; INVERSE RELATIONSHIP; BLOOD-CHOLESTEROL; DEATH CERTIFICATE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; BREAST-CANCER; RISK FACTOR; MORTALITY AB Cancer incidence and mortality were ascertained in a cohort of 1910 male participants of the Albany Cardiovascular Health Center (CVHC). The New York State Cancer Registry, vital records files, CVHC follow-up records, New York State Retirement System files, and New York State Department of Motor Vehicles driver's license files were used. Serum cholesterol measurements as well as values for other exposure variables were obtained from records of medical examinations which began in 1953-1954. The study cohort was divided into two groups, based on initial serum cholesterol measurement (less-than-or-equal-to 190 mg/100 ml and less-than-or-equal-to 190 mg/100 ml). For total cancers, both incidence and mortality were similar in these groups. For digestive cancer, both incidence and mortality were slightly lower in the less-than-or-equal-to 190 mg/100 ml group. The deficit was not statistically significant. For respiratory cancer, relative risk and rate ratio estimates were in the range of 1.4-1.7 for incidence and mortality. The excess risk in the less-than-or-equal-to 190 mg/100 ml group was of borderline statistical significance. The association was concentrated in the lowest cholesterol quintile rather than suggesting a strong dose-response relationship. The estimates were not found to be confounded by cigarette smoking, body mass index, education or age. A reduction in the crude rate ratio estimate from 1.5 to 1.2 was observed when early cases were excluded, suggesting that part of the observed excess may be due to preclinical cancer. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,BUFFALO,NY 14260. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. UNION UNIV,ALBANY,NY 12208. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BAPTISTE, MS (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,CORNING TOWER,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1093/ije/21.1.16 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HF453 UT WOS:A1992HF45300003 PM 1544748 ER PT J AU SUDRE, P BREMAN, JG MCFARLAND, D KOPLAN, JP AF SUDRE, P BREMAN, JG MCFARLAND, D KOPLAN, JP TI TREATMENT OF CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT MALARIA IN AFRICAN CHILDREN - A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE FANSIDAR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PERENNIAL TRANSMISSION; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; CLINICAL MALARIA; WEST-AFRICA; MORTALITY; PROPHYLAXIS; AMODIAQUINE; PREVALENCE AB Because chloroquine (Cq)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (CRPF) has now spread throughout most of Africa, the efficacy and practicability of other drugs such as amodiaquine (Aq), and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS), for the treatment of fever needs to be assessed. We used a decision-analysis model to compare the cost and effectiveness of Cq, Aq, and PS. The variables considered were the probability of P. falciparum infection, drug compliance, minor and lethal side effects of the drug, the level of drug resistance in the community, and case-fatality rates associated with treatment. The measures of effectiveness were the number of malaria-related fever episodes cured parasitologically with each treatment and the number of malaria deaths prevented in children 6-59 months old. Cost-effectiveness comparisons were made for cases cured and deaths prevented. For treating 100 000 febrile episodes, Cq, PS, and Aq cost US$1812, US$2622, and US$3044, respectively. Cost of the drug, compliance, and the level of CRPF had the greatest effect on the cost-effectiveness ratio. The prevalence of high-level drug resistance (RIII) was the most important determinant of the cost-effectiveness. In a scenario with high-level CRPF, treatment with Cq costs US$0.47 to cure one patient and US$2.29 to prevent one death compared with US$0.05 and US$1.52 for treatment with PS. When the prevalence of RIII-level CRPF is greater than 14-31% (depending on the level of compliance), the most cost-effective treatment is PS, despite its 45% greater cost. Decision analysis models will be useful for malaria control planners as strategies are reconsidered in the 1990s. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP SUDRE, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1093/ije/21.1.146 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HF453 UT WOS:A1992HF45300022 PM 1544746 ER PT J AU MOORE, PS PLIKAYTIS, BD BOLAN, GA OXTOBY, MJ YADA, A ZOUBGA, A REINGOLD, AL BROOME, CV AF MOORE, PS PLIKAYTIS, BD BOLAN, GA OXTOBY, MJ YADA, A ZOUBGA, A REINGOLD, AL BROOME, CV TI DETECTION OF MENINGITIS EPIDEMICS IN AFRICA - A POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; VACCINATION AB Portions of sub-Saharan Africa are subject to major epidemics of meningococcal meningitis that require early detection and rapid control. We evaluated the usefulness of weekly meningitis rates derived from active surveillance data in Burkina Faso for detecting a meningitis epidemic. By analysing the rates of disease in 40 x 40km2 areas within a study region of Burkina Faso, we found that a threshold of 15 cases/100 000/week averaged over 2 weeks was 72-93% sensitive and 92-100% specific in detecting epidemics exceeding 100 cases/100 000/year. During epidemic periods, the positive predictive value of this threshold approached 100% for detecting local epidemics. Additionally, meningitis incidence was proportional to village size, with villages greater than 8000 having the highest disease rates during a major group A meningococcal epidemic in 1983-1984. Despite the rudimentary nature of surveillance data available in many developing countries, these data can be used to detect the early emergence of meningitis epidemics. Additional studies are needed to determine the relevance of this approach for detecting epidemics. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST PUBL HLTH,OUAGADOUGOU,BURKINA FASO. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1093/ije/21.1.155 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HF453 UT WOS:A1992HF45300023 PM 1544747 ER PT J AU ABENHAIM, L DAB, W SALMI, LR AF ABENHAIM, L DAB, W SALMI, LR TI STUDY OF CIVILIAN VICTIMS OF TERRORIST ATTACKS (FRANCE 1982-1987) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TERRORISM; VIOLENCE; INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; DEPRESSION ID POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; VIETNAM VETERANS; DISASTER; POPULATION; INJURIES; MILITARY AB The medical and psychological consequences of terrorism were assessed through an epidemiologic survey of 254 survivors of terrorist attacks (TA) that occurred in public places in France between 1982 and 1987 (20 bombings and 1 machine-gun attack). Physical lesions were typical of bombings (blast syndrome, burn, coma), but amputations were rare. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was present in 10.5% of uninjured victims, 8.3% of moderately injured and 30.7% of severely injured ones. Major depression was found in 13.3% of all victims, with no difference according to the level of the injury. Prevalence rates were not different in males and females, nor did they vary with age of the victim. The prevalence of PTSD was not associated with the delay between TA and questionnaire completion. These findings suggest the need for including psychiatric assistance in the initial care of TA victims, especially severely injured ones. C1 LAB GESTE SANT PUBL,PARIS ST MAURICE,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY EPIDEMIOL & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ABENHAIM, L (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,PURVIS HALL,1020 PINE AVE W,MONTREAL H3A 1A2,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90002-5 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HN321 UT WOS:A1992HN32100002 PM 1573426 ER PT J AU REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE CLARRIDGE, JE RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC JONES, DC CARR, JH AF REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE CLARRIDGE, JE RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC JONES, DC CARR, JH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES, R-HENSELAE SP-NOV, ISOLATED FROM BLOOD OF A FEBRILE, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-POSITIVE PATIENT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; DNA; INFECTION; RICKETTSIAE; PATHOGENS AB Isolation of a Rochalimaea-like organism from a febrile patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus was confirmed. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, together with polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease length polymorphism analysis of a portion of the citrate synthase gene, demonstrated that the agent is closely related to members of the genus Rochalimaea and that the isolate is genotypically identical to the presumptive etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis. However, the same genotypic analyses readily differentiated the new isolate from isolates of other recognized Rochalimaea species as well as other genera of bacteria previously suggested as putative etiologic agents of bacillary angiomatosis and related syndromes. We propose that the novel species be referred to as Rochalimaea henselae sp. nov. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP REGNERY, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 30 TC 395 Z9 408 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000002 PM 1371515 ER PT J AU WELCH, DF PICKETT, DA SLATER, LN STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ AF WELCH, DF PICKETT, DA SLATER, LN STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ TI ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE SP-NOV, A CAUSE OF SEPTICEMIA, BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS, AND PARENCHYMAL BACILLARY PELIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; VERRUGA; FEVER; AIDS AB Nine strains of Rochalimaea spp. that were isolated from patients over a period of 4.5 years were characterized for their enzyme activities, cellular fatty acid compositions, and DNA interrelatedness among Rochalimaea spp., Bartonella baciliformis, and Afipia felis (cat scratch disease bacillus). All except one isolate, which was Rochalimaea quintana, were determined to belong to a newly proposed species, Rochalimaea henselae sp. nov. After recovery from clinical material, colonies required 5 to 15 days of incubation to become apparent. Cells were small, gram-negative, curved bacilli and displayed twitching motility. Enzyme specificities for amino acid and carbohydrate substrates showed that R. henselae could be distinguished from Rochalimaea vinsonii by L-arginyl-L-arginine and L-lysyl-L-alanine peptidases, but not all strains could be distinguished from R. quintana on the basis of peptidases or carbohydrate utilization. R. henselae also closely resembled R. quintana in cellular fatty acid composition, with both consisting mainly of C18:1, C18:0, and C16:0 fatty acids. However, the strains of R. henselae all contained C18:0 in amounts averaging greater-than-or-equal-to 22%, in contrast to R. quintana, which contained this cellular fatty acid in amounts averaging 16 and 18%. DNA hybridization confirmed the identification of one clinical isolate as R. quintana and showed a close interrelatedness (92 to 100%) among the other strains. Under optimal conditions for DNA reassociation, R. henselae showed approximately 70% relatedness to R. quintana and approximately 60% relatedness to R. vinsonii. Relatedness with DNA from B. bacilliformis was 43%. R. henselae was unrelated to A. felis. R. henselae is the proposed species of a newly recognized member of the family Rickettsiaceae, which is a pathogen that may be encountered in immuno-compromised or immunocompetent patients. Prolonged fever with bacteremia or vascular proliferative lesions are clinical manifestations of the agent. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. OKLAHOMA MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LABS,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73126. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WELCH, DF (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190, USA. NR 35 TC 317 Z9 322 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000003 PM 1537892 ER PT J AU HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI WALLACE, PL AF HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI WALLACE, PL TI CHEMICAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CDC GROUP-WO-1, A WEAKLY OXIDATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE GROUP OF ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMAMONAS; NOV AB Ninety-six strains of weakly oxidative gram-negative rods isolated primarily from clinical specimens form a distinct group that has been designated Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group WO-1 (WO stands for weak oxidizer). The phenotypic characteristics of CDC group WO-1 were most similar to those of Comamonas acidovorans, Pseudomonas mallei, and CDC pink coccoid group III. The WO-1 group can be differentiated from C. acidovorans by the oxidation of glucose (often weak and sometimes delayed), motility by means of one or two polar flagella, and, when positive, the complete reduction of nitrate and nitrite. Motility and usually the failure to produce arginine dihydrolase distinguish this group from P. mallei. The WO-1 strains differ from the pink coccoid group III by the absence of pink growth pigment, the lack of predominantly coccoid cellular morphology, and usually the inability to produce acid from xylose. The cellular fatty acid compositions of 29 group WO-1 strains were characterized by large amounts of C16:0 and C16:1w7c; smaller amounts of C18:1w7c, C14:0, C12:0, and 3-OH-C10:0; and trace to small amounts of C15:1w6 and C17:0 acids. The fatty acid profile of WO-1, compared with the profiles of other bacteria we have tested previously, was most similar to the profiles of two phenotypically different organisms, Comamonas terrigena (a nonoxidative, multipolar gram-negative rod) and Chromobacterium violaceum (a fermentative gram-negative rod). Ubiquinone-8 was the major quinone in the five WO-1 strains examined. Eighty-five percent of the WO-1 strains were isolated from human specimens. Thirty-three percent were from blood, and 10% were from cerebrospinal fluid. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR,INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLLIS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000006 PM 1537895 ER PT J AU LAL, RB BRODINE, S KAZURA, J MBIDDEKATONGA, E YANAGIHARA, R ROBERTS, C AF LAL, RB BRODINE, S KAZURA, J MBIDDEKATONGA, E YANAGIHARA, R ROBERTS, C TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF A RECOMBINANT TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN (RGP21)-SPIKED WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT FOR SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY REACTIVITY; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; HTLV; SEQUENCE; PEPTIDE; DONORS; ASSAYS; BLOOD AB Serum specimens (n = 2,712) obtained from individuals residing in diverse geographic regions and categorized as seropositve (n = 122), seroindeterminate (n = 523), or seronegative (n = 2,067) for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection in accordance with U.S. Public Health Service guidelines were retested by recombinant transmembrane protein (rgp21)-spiked Western immunoblotting. Of the 122 HTLV-positive specimens, those from 85 of 85 (100%) U.S. blood donors, 2 of 2 (100%) Brazilians, 1 of 2 (50%) Indonesians, 14 of 14 (100%) Solomon Islanders, and 18 of 19 (95%) Papua New Guineans reacted with rgp21, yielding an overall sensitivity of 98% (120 of 122). Specimens from individuals whose infections were confirmed to be HTLV type I or HTLV type II by the polymerase chain reaction assay reacted equally well with rgp21. Of the 523 HTLV-indeterminate specimens, those from 21 of 379 (5.5%) U.S. blood donors, 3 of 6 (50%) Brazilians, 10 of 23 (44%) Ugandans, 8 of 49 (16%) Indonesians, 4 of 36 (11%) Solomon Islanders, and 5 of 30 (17%) Papua New Guineans reacted with rgp21. None of these 51 specimens reacted with native gp46 and/or gp61/68 in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay, suggesting a false-positive reaction (9.75%). Of the 2,067 HTLV-negative specimens, 12 reacted with rgp21, yielding a false-positivity rate of 0.6%. These data indicate that while detection of rgp21 is highly sensitive, it can yield false-positive results. Thus, specimens exhibiting reactivity with rgp21 in the absence of reactivity with native gp46 and/or gp61/68 by Western blot should be tested further by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay to verify HTLV type I or type II infection. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92132. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. MAKERERE UNIV,UGANDA CANC INST,KAMPALA,UGANDA. NINCDS,CENT NERVOUS SYST STUDIES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DIAGNOST RETORVIROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 296 EP 299 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000007 PM 1347047 ER PT J AU ALMEIDA, RJ CAMERON, DN COOK, WL WACHSMUTH, IK AF ALMEIDA, RJ CAMERON, DN COOK, WL WACHSMUTH, IK TI VIBRIOPHAGE VCA-3 AS AN EPIDEMIC STRAIN MARKER FOR THE UNITED-STATES GULF-COAST VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 CLONE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; TOXIN; DNA; FRAGMENTS; GENES AB Toxigenic and nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor biotype strains, which are endemic to the U.S. Gulf Coast, can be lysogenic for bacteriophage VcA-3. To evaluate the presence of VcA-3 as an indicator of toxigenicity and as an epidemic strain marker, phage production and the presence of phage and cholera toxin genes were assayed in 98 strains of V. cholerae O1 (35 U.S. and 63 foreign strains). By using a HindIII chromosomal digest for Southern blot analysis, 39 of the study strains hybridized with the VcA-3 probe in 10 banding patterns. The 15 toxigenic and 6 of the 20 nontoxigenic U.S. isolates gave four VcA-3-related patterns. Among the foreign isolates, 12 of 12 toxigenic classical biotype strains, 1 of 43 toxigenic El Tor biotype strains, and 3 of 8 nontoxigenic atypical strains gave six patterns that were clearly distinct from that of VcA-3. Compared with Southern blot analysis, the phage production assay had a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.48, while the colony hybridization assay had a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.77 for identification of VcA-3. Neither assay reliably identified the toxigenic Gulf Coast clone. The presence of VcA-3, as defined by Southern blot analysis, always separated toxigenic U.S. from foreign isolates and often from nontoxigenic U.S. isolates of V. cholerae O1. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT PARASITOL & LAB PRACTICE,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 300 EP 304 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000008 PM 1537896 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM RIMLAND, D KIEHLBAUCH, JA TERRY, PM WACHSMUTH, IK AF BLUMBERG, HM RIMLAND, D KIEHLBAUCH, JA TERRY, PM WACHSMUTH, IK TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC TYPING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BY DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES - ELUCIDATION OF THE CLONAL NATURE OF A GROUP OF BACTERIOPHAGE-NONTYPABLE, CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT, METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTERASE ELECTROPHORETIC POLYMORPHISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PLASMID ANALYSIS; STRAINS; PATTERNS; PROBE AB Analysis of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA genes (ribotyping) was employed to assist in the epidemiologic investigation of the emergence and spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the Atlanta VA Medical Center because many isolates of interest were nontypeable by phages and harbored few plasmids useful as strain markers. Chromosomal DNAs of selected S. aureus isolates were digested initially with 20 different restriction enzymes. EcoRI appeared to give the best discrimination of hybridization banding patterns (ribotypes) and was used with all study isolates. Overall, 15 different ribotypes were seen among the 50 S. aureus isolates studied (7 ribotypes among 13 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] isolates and 9 ribotypes among 37 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] isolates). Seven of eight ciprofloxacin-resistant MSSA (CR-MSSA) patient isolates had identical antibiograms, were nontypeable by phages, and had a single 22-MDa plasmid. Six of these seven CR-MSSA isolates had an identical ribotype pattern. Ribotyping distinguished this CR-MSSA strain or clone from MRSA and other MSSA isolates, including nontypeable isolates that contained a 22-MDa plasmid. Five ciprofloxacin-susceptible MSSA isolates studied had five ribotypes; one pattern was identical to the CR-MSSA clone. Twenty-three CR-MRSA isolates recovered from the Atlanta VA Medical Center had four different ribotypes. Ribotyping proved to be a useful molecular epidemiologic tool in the study of S. aureus because it differentiated isolates which were indistinguishable by more traditional methods. In addition, this technique demonstrated that at our institution, ciprofloxacin resistance emerged in multiple strains of MRSA, as opposed to primarily a single strain or clone of MSSA. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ENTER DIS LAB SECT, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. RP BLUMBERG, HM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. NR 59 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 362 EP 369 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HA100 UT WOS:A1992HA10000019 PM 1371517 ER PT J AU GUO, YJ XU, XY COX, NJ AF GUO, YJ XU, XY COX, NJ TI HUMAN INFLUENZA-A (H1N2) VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM CHINA SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEURAMINIDASE GENE; GENOMIC ANALYSES; MUTATIONS; EVOLUTION; SUBTYPE AB Reassortant influenza A viruses bearing H1 haemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase were isolated from humans in China between December 1988 and March 1989. As primary isolation of influenza A (H1N2) viruses from humans had not been reported previously, it was of interest to determine the genetic origin of these virus isolates. The haemagglutinins of the H1N2 viruses were antigenically and genetically related to those of H1 viruses isolated world-wide since 1986, and the neuraminidases of these viruses were antigenically and genetically related to those of recent H3N2 viruses. Partial sequencing of each gene segment of three of the H1N2 viruses revealed that all gene segments except that encoding the haemagglutinin gene were derived from virus of the H3N2 subtype. Sequence differences amongst the neuraminidase, nucleoprotein and non-structural genes of these three H1N2 reassortant viruses as well as the isolation of reassortants in seven laboratories over a 4 month period make it unlikely that the H1N2 viruses are laboratory artefacts. The spread of these reassortant viruses to other countries has not yet been documented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. XIAN MED UNIV,XIAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 73 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-2-383 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA HD378 UT WOS:A1992HD37800021 PM 1538194 ER PT J AU HOOK, EW CANNON, RO NAHMIAS, AJ LEE, FF CAMPBELL, CH GLASSER, D QUINN, TC AF HOOK, EW CANNON, RO NAHMIAS, AJ LEE, FF CAMPBELL, CH GLASSER, D QUINN, TC TI HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS-INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN HETEROSEXUALS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV INFECTION; TYPE-2 INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; GENITAL HERPES; ASSOCIATION; ACQUISITION; SEROCONVERSION; GLYCOPROTEIN; SYPHILIS AB To determine if infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection among patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics, a case-control study was done on coded sera from 179 HIV-1-infected patients and 367 age-, race-, and gender-matched HIV-1-seronegative patients. Although only 13 (2.3%) of 546 patients had a history of genital herpes treatment, 72% and 56.6%, respectively, had serologic evidence of prior infection with HSV-1 and -2. HSV-1 antibody prevalence was similar among both patient groups; however, HSV-2 antibodies were more common among these infected with HIV-1. Among heterosexual men, 62.7% of those infected with HIV-1 had HSV-2 antibodies compared with 46.7% of those not infected (P < .01). The HSV-2 seroprevalence among women with or without HIV infection was 78.1% and 57.7%, respectively (P < .02). A history of intravenous drug use and a reactive serologic test for syphilis were each independently associated with HIV-1 infection in heterosexuals. These data suggest that the two most common causes of genital ulcerative disease in the United States, genital herpes and syphilis, may contribute to increased risk for HIV-1 infection among heterosexuals. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. BALTIMORE CTY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV INFECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Quinn, Thomas/A-2494-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-19554, AI-27727] NR 26 TC 212 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 165 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HF387 UT WOS:A1992HF38700008 PM 1309846 ER PT J AU KHANNA, B SPELBRING, JE INNIS, BL ROBERTSON, BH AF KHANNA, B SPELBRING, JE INNIS, BL ROBERTSON, BH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A GENETIC VARIANT OF HUMAN HEPATITIS-A VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; ANIMAL INFECTIVITY ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC SEQUENCES; CLASSIFICATION; POLYMERASE; STRAINS; CLONING AB Human isolates of hepatitis A (HAV) are a single serotype; however, recent genetic surveys using limited nucleotide sequencing have provided evidence that more than one genotype is responsible for HAV infection in different parts of the world (Jansen et al. [1990]: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2867-2871; Robertson et al. [1991] J Infect Dis 163:286-292). One of these genotypes was originally isolated from Panamanian owl monkeys (strain PA21), but has subsequently been found associated with human cases of HAV from Sweden in 1979 (H-122) and the United States of America in 1976 (GA76). The nucleic acid sequence of the exposed capsid polypeptide region of GA76 differs from other human HAV sequences by approximately 20%, yet differs by only 2.4% when compared with P1 sequence of the PA21 strain. The 20% nucleic acid variability between GA76 and other human HAV results in limited amino acid changes (3%), while a comparison with PA21 revealed only four homologous amino acid substitutions within VP2, VP3, and VP1 polypeptides. HAV infected stool specimens from Nepal and northern India during 1989 and 1990 were found to contain virus whose genetic makeup was related to the PA21 and GA76 isolates. This genotype of HAV appears to be circulating in some parts of the world where HAV is hyperendemic, and is a potential cause of hepatitis A infection within a susceptible population. C1 ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,USA MED COMPONENT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP KHANNA, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR RES & REFERENCE VIRAL HEPATITIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890360208 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HB785 UT WOS:A1992HB78500007 PM 1316423 ER PT J AU HOUCK, P MILHAM, S AF HOUCK, P MILHAM, S TI QUALITY OF DEATH CERTIFICATE OCCUPATION DATA FOR A COHORT OF ALUMINUM-INDUSTRY WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CANCER; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY AB Occupational data from death certificates have been used extensively in health studies but their quality has been questioned. In this study, data from the death certificates of aluminum plant workers were analyzed. Aluminum industry employment was indicated in the certificate occupation/industry statement of 321 (80%) of the 403 total workers, 263 (94%) of the 280 workers who had been employed for 10 years or more, 156 (94%) of the 166 workers who died while employed, and 131 (95%) of the 138 workers who died after retirement. Of 82 certificates that did not indicate aluminum industry employment, 57 (70%) were from workers who were employed for fewer than 10 years and terminated employment for reasons other than death or retirement. This study supports the usefulness of death certificate occupational information. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,CHRON DIS EPIDEMIOL OFF,OLYMPIA,WA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 34 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1097/00043764-199202000-00019 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HD749 UT WOS:A1992HD74900015 PM 1597774 ER PT J AU HEINIC, GS GREENSPAN, D MACPHAIL, LA SCHIODT, M MIYASAKI, SH KAUFMAN, L GREENSPAN, JS AF HEINIC, GS GREENSPAN, D MACPHAIL, LA SCHIODT, M MIYASAKI, SH KAUFMAN, L GREENSPAN, JS TI ORAL HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM INFECTION IN ASSOCIATION WITH HIV-INFECTION - A CASE-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HISTOPLASMA; HIV INFECTIONS; MOUTH DISEASES; MYCOSES, ORAL ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; NONENDEMIC AREA; AIDS; PATIENT; MANIFESTATIONS; DISEASE AB The fungus Histoplasma capsulatum causes histoplasmosis, the most common endemic respiratory mycosis in the United States. Disseminated histoplasmosis in adults is often associated with immunosuppression, such as occurs in HIV infection. We report a case of oral histoplasmosis in an HIV-seropositive patient who presented with an ulceration on the left tip of the tongue, extending to the floor of the mouth, but was otherwise free of any active systemic disease. Histoplasma capsulatum was shown, by both histopathology and staining with a fluorescent antibody reagent specific for the organism, to be present in the lesion and was deduced to be the causative organism. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR ORAL AIDS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HEINIC, GS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT STOMATOL,HSW-604,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01-DE-07946] NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0904-2512 J9 J ORAL PATHOL MED JI J. Oral Pathol. Med. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00985.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pathology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pathology GA HH068 UT WOS:A1992HH06800007 PM 1556667 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS PETERSEN, LR WHITE, CR JOHNSON, ES WARD, JW WILLIAMS, A ALTMAN, R BECKER, G BERNARDUCCI, J BUSCH, M CLARY, N DAVIS, J DARR, F GRINDON, A KLEINMAN, S LAMBERSON, H LENES, B MENITOVE, J MOLINARIS, J NESS, P RAEVSKY, C HOLLAND, P SHAFER, AW SHERWOOD, W STEVENS, C VAUGHAN, H ARNOLD, E DONOVAN, DE KESSLER, D HARPER, M HERNANDEZ, J KSELL, T MCELFRESH, S MYERS, MK MONTGOMERY, A NASON, M SANCHEZ, J SCHULZE, G SHAHAN, M STEPHENSON, S THEOBALD, J WILKE, D AF DOLL, LS PETERSEN, LR WHITE, CR JOHNSON, ES WARD, JW WILLIAMS, A ALTMAN, R BECKER, G BERNARDUCCI, J BUSCH, M CLARY, N DAVIS, J DARR, F GRINDON, A KLEINMAN, S LAMBERSON, H LENES, B MENITOVE, J MOLINARIS, J NESS, P RAEVSKY, C HOLLAND, P SHAFER, AW SHERWOOD, W STEVENS, C VAUGHAN, H ARNOLD, E DONOVAN, DE KESSLER, D HARPER, M HERNANDEZ, J KSELL, T MCELFRESH, S MYERS, MK MONTGOMERY, A NASON, M SANCHEZ, J SCHULZE, G SHAHAN, M STEPHENSON, S THEOBALD, J WILKE, D TI HOMOSEXUALLY AND NONHOMOSEXUALLY IDENTIFIED MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN - A BEHAVIORAL-COMPARISON SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS; HOMOSEXUALITY; BISEXUALITY; BLOOD DONORS ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; BLOOD-DONORS; AIDS; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY AB From January 1988 to September 1989, 209 HIV-1 seropositive male blood donors who reported sex with men were interviewed at 20 U.S. blood centers. Most (59%) were Black or Hispanic and self-identified as bisexual (30%) or heterosexual (25%). During the year before their last donation, 73% of homosexually, 62% of bisexually, and 29% of heterosexually identified men had engaged in unprotected anal sex with men. Overall, few had ties to gay communities; however, 24% of bisexually and 58% of heterosexually identified men had female primary partners. There were no racial/ethnic differences in gender of partners in the last year, although Blacks were more likely to identify themselves as bisexual (44%) and Hispanics as heterosexual (34%). These data suggest the need to target prevention efforts at men having unprotected sex with male or female partners, regardless of sexual identity, and to examine social network and cultural influences affecting sexual behavior and sexual identity. C1 US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. AMER RED CROSS,BETHESDA,MD 20814. BERGEN COMMUNITY BLOOD CTR,BERGEN,NJ. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. AMER RED CROSS,WASHINGTON,DC. AMER RED CROSS,ATLANTA,GA. AMER RED CROSS,LOS ANGELES,CA. AMER RED CROSS,SYRACUSE,NY. AMER RED CROSS,MIAMI,FL. AMER RED CROSS,CHESAPEAKE,VA. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. SACRAMENTO MED FDN,CTR BLOOD RES,SACRAMENTO,CA. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HC394 UT WOS:A1992HC39400001 ER PT J AU DRAWERT, SM PETERS, JR MULLIS, RM HUNNINGHAKE, DB AF DRAWERT, SM PETERS, JR MULLIS, RM HUNNINGHAKE, DB TI RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF VOLUNTEERS IN A DIETARY METHODOLOGY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PAWTUCKET; PROGRAM C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED & PHARMACOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT CHRON DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DRAWERT, SM (reprint author), SANDOZ NUTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55416, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 92 IS 2 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HC897 UT WOS:A1992HC89700021 PM 1737907 ER PT J AU FUENTEALBA, IC WIKSE, SE READ, WK EDWARDS, JF VISVESVARA, GS AF FUENTEALBA, IC WIKSE, SE READ, WK EDWARDS, JF VISVESVARA, GS TI AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN A SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE OVINE SPECIES; ENCEPHALITIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ID ACANTHAMOEBA AB A 1.5-year-old Suffolk ewe with acute onset of incoordination and blindness unresponsive to antibiotic treatment was examined at necropsy. The meninges were congested, opaque, and thick. Microscopically, focal areas of hypercellularity in the left cortical gray matter and the meninges were observed. The inflammatory response consisted of gliosis and perivascular cuffing (lymphocytes, plasma cells, and variable numbers of eosinophils). An amebic organism in 2 life stages was found in the cerebral parenchyma. Numerous large (15 to 35-mu-m in diameter) organisms, interpreted as trophozoites, were characterized by vacuolated cytoplasm and small nuclei with a prominent eosinophilic nucleolus (karyosome). The smaller (10 to 17-mu-m in diameter) encysted stage was surrounded by a capsule-like membrane, and contained a large central body sometimes surrounded by a clear halo. Immunofluorescence studies for amebic antigens were strongly positive for an ameba recently isolated in human beings and baboons. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET LARGE ANIM MED & SURG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FUENTEALBA, IC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 3 BP 363 EP 365 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HB266 UT WOS:A1992HB26600029 PM 1548173 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN ROSENBERG, ML MILLAR, JD WAXWEILER, RJ AF HOUK, VN ROSENBERG, ML MILLAR, JD WAXWEILER, RJ TI SETTING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR INJURY CONTROL IN THE 1990S - EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF POSITION PAPERS FROM THE 3RD NATIONAL INJURY CONTROL CONFERENCE APRIL 22-25, 1991, DENVER, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA HG196 UT WOS:A1992HG19600001 ER PT J AU EASTMAN, AB SCHWAB, CW ANNEST, JL APRAHAMIAN, C BEACHLEY, M BROWNER, B BURLACK, P CHAMPION, H COOPER, G HEPPEL, D JACOBS, L MACKENZIE, EJ MAIER, R MARTINEZ, R MAULL, K MAYER, T MCHENRY, S REYNOLDS, S ROETTGER, R RYAN, S SHACKFORD, S TEPAS, J WILKINSON, H BURTON, N AF EASTMAN, AB SCHWAB, CW ANNEST, JL APRAHAMIAN, C BEACHLEY, M BROWNER, B BURLACK, P CHAMPION, H COOPER, G HEPPEL, D JACOBS, L MACKENZIE, EJ MAIER, R MARTINEZ, R MAULL, K MAYER, T MCHENRY, S REYNOLDS, S ROETTGER, R RYAN, S SHACKFORD, S TEPAS, J WILKINSON, H BURTON, N TI POSITION PAPER ON TRAUMA CARE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; REGIONALIZATION; IMPACT C1 UNIV FLORIDA,JACKSONVILLE,FL. HOSP UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. UNIV TENNESSEE,MED CTR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. SOC TRAUMA NURSES,FREDERICK,MD. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX 77025. WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. FAIRFAX HOSP,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22046. EMERGENCY MED SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD. HARTFORD HOSP,HARTFORD,CT 06115. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,CTR HLTH SERV RES & DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,DIV EMERGENCY MED SERV,RICHMOND,VA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,WORCESTER,MA 01605. RP EASTMAN, AB (reprint author), SCRIPPS CLIN & HOSP,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1097/00005373-199202000-00002 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA HG196 UT WOS:A1992HG19600002 ER PT J AU LEWIS, FR GENNARELLI, TA POLLOCK, DA JOHNSON, D DEMLING, RH EHRLICH, F EICHELBERGER, MR FLEMING, AW FERGUSON, JH KIZER, KW NARAYAN, RK ROZYCKI, G SHIRES, GT TRAFTON, PG TRUNKEY, DD WEIGELT, J BURTON, N AF LEWIS, FR GENNARELLI, TA POLLOCK, DA JOHNSON, D DEMLING, RH EHRLICH, F EICHELBERGER, MR FLEMING, AW FERGUSON, JH KIZER, KW NARAYAN, RK ROZYCKI, G SHIRES, GT TRAFTON, PG TRUNKEY, DD WEIGELT, J BURTON, N TI POSITION PAPER ON ACUTE CARE TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article C1 MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. HOSP UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. GRAD HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19146. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. KING DREW MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP LEWIS, FR (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 DI 10.1097/00005373-199202000-00003 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA HG196 UT WOS:A1992HG19600003 ER PT J AU EIDEN, JJ ALLEN, JR AF EIDEN, JJ ALLEN, JR TI IDENTIFICATION OF COGNATE GENES AMONG HETEROLOGOUS STRAINS OF GROUP-B ROTAVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DIARRHEA; VIRUS; RNA; SEQUENCE; AGENT; ADRV; RATS; ACID AB The genetic relatedness of group B rotavirus (GBR) strains has previously been documented by hybridization with probes derived from whole genomic sequences, but the relationship of individual genes of heterologous GBR strains has not been evaluated. Definition of cognate GBR genes would facilitate investigation of the determinants of group specificity, serotype identity, and neutralization epitopes. Therefore, we investigated the genetic relatedness of three GBR strains by means of Northern (RNA) blot hybridization with isotopically labeled probes prepared from each of the 11 genes of the IDIR strain of GBR. Under low-stringency conditions, hybridization between each of the IDIR gene probes and genomic RNA from the ADRV strain of GBR was observed. Genomic RNA obtained from a bovine strain of GBR hybridized with 9 of the 11 IDIR gene probes. In most cases, cognate genes of each of the GBR strains appeared to migrate to similar positions following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, the electropherotype positions of GBR genes 5, 6, and 7 were different for each of the three GBR strains. Identification of these genomic segments among GBR strains should prove helpful in future evaluations of GBR structure and function. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EIDEN, JJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24922] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 1232 EP 1235 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA GY965 UT WOS:A1992GY96500076 PM 1309899 ER PT J AU GIBSON, HL TUCKER, JE KASLOW, DC KRETTLI, AU COLLINS, WE KIEFER, MC BATHURST, IC BARR, PJ AF GIBSON, HL TUCKER, JE KASLOW, DC KRETTLI, AU COLLINS, WE KIEFER, MC BATHURST, IC BARR, PJ TI STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF THE GENE FOR PV200, A MAJOR BLOOD-STAGE SURFACE-ANTIGEN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGEN; PV200; MALARIA VACCINE ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; AOTUS MONKEYS; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; PRECURSOR; CLONING; YOELII AB Molecular cloning and structure analysis of the gene encoding the Pv200 protein of the Sal-1 strain of Plasmodium vivax revealed an overall identity of 34-37% when the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the sequences of various major merozoite surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium chabaudi. When the Sal-1 Pv200 sequence was compared with the corresponding sequence from the Belem strain of P. vivax, it was found that the two merozoite surface antigens were relatively well conserved with an overall amino acid sequence identity of 81%. A region of 23 repeated glutamine residues, found in the sequence of the Belem isolate was not found, however, in the Sal-1 sequence. Amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of the Pv200 protein were expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Each recombinant protein was shown to react with antibodies in sera from splenectomized Bolivian Saimiri monkeys that had been infected previously with P. vivax, and in human sera from individuals with a history of exposure to vivax malaria. The availability of recombinant DNA-derived Pv200 proteins will now allow a full assessment of their utility in the diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of the benign tertian malaria associated with P. vivax infection. C1 CHIRON CORP,4560 HORTON ST,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 50 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90230-H PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA HC297 UT WOS:A1992HC29700016 PM 1371329 ER PT J AU MOELANS, IIMD LAL, AA KONINGS, RNH SCHOENMAKERS, JGG AF MOELANS, IIMD LAL, AA KONINGS, RNH SCHOENMAKERS, JGG TI SEQUENCE OF A 16-KILODALTON SEXUAL STAGE AND SPOROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN OF PLASMODIUM-REICHENOWI AND COMPARISON WITH PFS16 OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PLASMODIUM-REICHENOWI; SEXUAL STAGE AND SPOROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN PRS16; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PFS16 C1 CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN,FAC SCI,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,TOERNOOIVELD,6525 ED NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 50 IS 2 BP 349 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90232-9 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA HC297 UT WOS:A1992HC29700018 PM 1741021 ER PT J AU PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG AF PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG TI INTERPRETING THE LITERATURE IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY .1. KEY CONCEPTS IN EPIDEMIOL AND BIOSTATISTICS - REPLY SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP PETERSON, HB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 79 IS 2 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HB189 UT WOS:A1992HB18900035 ER PT J AU CORDERO, JF AF CORDERO, JF TI REGISTRIES OF BIRTH-DEFECTS AND GENETIC-DISEASES SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SURVEILLANCE; NEWBORN C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP CORDERO, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HN150 UT WOS:A1992HN15000006 PM 1736257 ER PT J AU HURIE, MB MAST, EE DAVIS, JP AF HURIE, MB MAST, EE DAVIS, JP TI HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION TO UNITED-STATES-BORN CHILDREN OF HMONG REFUGEES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B; REFUGEE; LAOS/ETHNOLOGY; WISCONSIN; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; CARRIER STATE ID INDOCHINESE REFUGEES; PREVALENCE; VILLAGES; MARKERS; ANTIGEN AB There is evidence that hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission continues among Southeast Asian refugees after resettlement. To determine the prevalence of HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive or core antibody positive) and modes of transmission in Hmong refugee households in Wisconsin, results of serologic tests were reviewed for 429 US-born children not previously vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and 754 of their Asian-born household members. The prevalence of HBV infection was 14% (62/429) among all US-born children, 30% (21/69) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, and 11% (41/360) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative. Among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative, the prevalence of HBV infection increased with increasing age (chi(2) test for trend = 5.6, P = .02) and was related to the household presence of HBsAg-positive sibling(s) (relative risk = 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 9.3; P < .001). Of the 62 infected children, 13 (21%) lived in households with no HBsAg-positive household members. US-born children of Hmong refugees apparently acquire HBV infection through both horizontal and perinatal transmission. These findings emphasize the importance of routinely integrating hepatitis B vaccine doses into the childhood vaccination schedule for all infants whose parents are from areas where HBV infection is highly endemic. In addition, the findings support the need for pediatricians to consider vaccinating older children (up to age 7 years) whose parents are from HBV-endemic areas. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HURIE, MB (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,REFUGEE & IMMIGRANT HLTH PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53701, USA. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1992 VL 89 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HD255 UT WOS:A1992HD25500018 PM 1734395 ER PT J AU OKWUMABUA, O SWAMINATHAN, B EDMONDS, P WENGER, J HOGAN, J ALDEN, M AF OKWUMABUA, O SWAMINATHAN, B EDMONDS, P WENGER, J HOGAN, J ALDEN, M TI EVALUATION OF A CHEMILUMINESCENT DNA PROBE ASSAY FOR THE RAPID CONFIRMATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA, LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES, CHEMILUMINESCENCE; ACRIDINIUM, PROBE, DIAGNOSIS, FOOD AND CLINICAL SPECIMENS, RAPID METHOD ID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; CHEMI-LUMINESCENT; ACRIDINIUM ESTERS; IMMUNOASSAY AB A Listeria monocytogenes-specific, acridinium-ester-labelled DNA probe was evaluated in a chemiluminescent homogeneous protection assay (HPA) for the rapid confirmation of suspect L. monocytogenes colonies from blood agar plates. The HPA uses an acridinium-ester-labelled chemiluminescent DNA probe in a free-solution hybridization format. After the DNA probe hybridized with the target ribosomal RNA, the acridinium label on the unhybridized probe was inactivated by a chemical differential hydrolysis step. Formation of a hybrid between probe and target was detected in a luminometer after the addition of a detection reagent. The assay can be completed in 30 to 45 min and allows for simultaneous processing of several (50-1 00) samples. The probe showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for L. monocytogenes when evaluated in the HPA against L. monocytogenes, other Listeria species and other Gram-positive bacteria. The lower detection limit of the HPA was between 10(4) and 10(5) cells. In an evaluation with 296 bacterial colonies isolated from food, the HPA colony confirmation showed 100% agreement with conventional biochemical characterization. HPA will be useful for the rapid confirmation of L. monocytogenes isolated from food and clinical specimens. C1 GEN PROBE INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,1-2243,MS D-11,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 143 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90007-B PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HK343 UT WOS:A1992HK34300007 PM 1410793 ER PT J AU STAYNER, LT DANNENBERG, AL THUN, M REEVE, G BLOOM, TF BOENIGER, M HALPERIN, W AF STAYNER, LT DANNENBERG, AL THUN, M REEVE, G BLOOM, TF BOENIGER, M HALPERIN, W TI CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AMONG MUNITIONS WORKERS EXPOSED TO NITROGLYCERIN AND DINITROTOLUENE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE ID CORONARY VASOSPASM SECONDARY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DYNAMITE WORKERS; HEART-DISEASE; WITHDRAWAL; COHORT; RATIOS; RATES AB A retrospective cohort mortality study with 5529 nitroglycerin, 4989 dinitrotoluene, and 5136 unexposed workers compared the mortality of the exposed groups with that of the United States population and that of the unexposed group with life-table analysis and Poisson regression. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was close to that expected, and mortality from cerebrovascular disease was slightly less than that expected, for the workers with both nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene exposure and for those with dinitrotoluene exposure only. A significant interaction between age and nitroglycerine exposure was detected in the Poisson regression analyses for ischemic heart disease, particularly for workers actively exposed to nitroglycerin. The rate ratio for the workers under 45 years of age and actively exposed to nitroglycerin was 3.30 (95% confidence interval 129-8.48). This study did not show a chronic effect of nitroglycerin or dinitrotoluene exposure on cardiovascular disease risk. Potential biases related to the company's medical screening program may have limited the ability to detect chronic cardiovascular effects. RP STAYNER, LT (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y01-HC-50011-00] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HG756 UT WOS:A1992HG75600006 PM 1553511 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ MOORE, CA JAMES, LM CORDERO, JF AF KHOURY, MJ MOORE, CA JAMES, LM CORDERO, JF TI THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DYSMORPHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY - METHODOLOGIC ISSUES OF LUMPING AND SPLITTING SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; CLEFT-LIP; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; ASSOCIATION; PALATE RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD FEB PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450206 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HB496 UT WOS:A1992HB49600005 PM 1615423 ER PT J AU KASSLER, WJ CATES, W AF KASSLER, WJ CATES, W TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA LA254 UT WOS:A1992LA25400002 PM 1736468 ER PT J AU KLIMOV, AI COX, NJ YOTOV, WV ROCHA, E ALEXANDROVA, GI KENDAL, AP AF KLIMOV, AI COX, NJ YOTOV, WV ROCHA, E ALEXANDROVA, GI KENDAL, AP TI SEQUENCE CHANGES IN THE LIVE ATTENUATED, COLD-ADAPTED VARIANTS OF INFLUENZA A LENINGRAD 134 57 (H2N2) VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID A VIRUSES; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN; RECOMBINANTS; VACCINES; GENE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ACAD MED SCI USSR,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109088,USSR. ACAD MED SCI USSR,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG 197022,USSR. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB PY 1992 VL 186 IS 2 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90050-Y PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA GZ516 UT WOS:A1992GZ51600050 PM 1733114 ER PT J AU DAULAIRE, NMP STARBUCK, ES HOUSTON, RM CHURCH, MS STUKEL, TA PANDEY, MR AF DAULAIRE, NMP STARBUCK, ES HOUSTON, RM CHURCH, MS STUKEL, TA PANDEY, MR TI CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AFTER A HIGH-DOSE OF VITAMIN-A IN A HIGH-RISK POPULATION SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; COMMUNITY; TRIAL AB Objectives - To determine whether a single high dose of vitamin A given to all children in communities with high mortality and malnutrition could affect mortality and to assess whether periodic community wide supplementation could be readily incorporated into an ongoing primary health programme. Design - Opportunistic controlled trial. Setting - Jumla district, Nepal. Subjects - All children aged under 5 years; 3786 in eight subdistricts given single dose of vitamin A and 3411 in remaining eight subdistricts given no supplementation. Main outcome measures - Mortality and cause of death in the five months after supplementation. Results - Risk of death for children aged 1-59 months in supplemented communities was 26% lower (relative risk 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.99) than in unsupplemented communities. The reduction in mortality was greatest among children aged 6-11 months: death rate (deaths/1000 child years at risk) was 133-8 in supplemented children and 260.8 in unsupplemented children (relative risk 0.51, 0.30 to 0.89). The death rate from diarrhoea was also reduced (63.5 supplemented v 97.5 unsupplemented; relative risk 0.65, 0.44 to 0.95). The extra cost per death averted was about $11. Conclusion - The results support a role for Vitamin A in increasing child survival. The supplementation programme was readily integrated with the ongoing community health programme at little extra cost. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PROGRAMME,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PROGRAMME AGAINST MICRONUTR MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,HANOVER,NH 03756. MRIGENDRA MED TRUST,KATMANDU,NEPAL. RP DAULAIRE, NMP (reprint author), INT CTR PREVENT & TREATMENT MAJOR CHILDHOOD DIS,POB 168,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 19 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JAN 25 PY 1992 VL 304 IS 6821 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HA980 UT WOS:A1992HA98000020 PM 1739794 ER PT J AU VONVILLE, P HOLTZHAUER, F LONG, T PHURROUGH, A MURPHY, D MORTENSEN, BK HORST, G HALPIN, TJ AF VONVILLE, P HOLTZHAUER, F LONG, T PHURROUGH, A MURPHY, D MORTENSEN, BK HORST, G HALPIN, TJ TI TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HOMELESS SHELTER RESIDENTS (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 869-877, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NEW-YORK-CITY C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VONVILLE, P (reprint author), COLUMBUS HLTH DEPT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 22 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 4 BP 483 EP 484 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ439 UT WOS:A1992GZ43900008 ER PT J AU WLODARCZYK, DM TENG, F PRENTICE, R TAYLOR, F STEPHENS, BG AF WLODARCZYK, DM TENG, F PRENTICE, R TAYLOR, F STEPHENS, BG TI DEATHS AMONG HOMELESS PERSONS - SAN-FRANCISCO (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 877-881, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WLODARCZYK, DM (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,HLTH CARE HOMELESS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 22 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 4 BP 484 EP 485 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ439 UT WOS:A1992GZ43900009 ER PT J AU WEBER, R BRYAN, RT OWEN, RL WILCOX, CM GORELKIN, L VISVESVARA, GS JURANEK, DD ADDISS, DG SPENCER, HC HIGHTOWER, AW STEWART, JM ROBERTS, JM WAHLQUIST, SP HORSBURGH, CR CASTRO, KG TAUXE, RV VUGIA, DJ GLASS, RI THOMPSON, SE SCHWARTZ, DA KOZARSKY, PE STEINBERG, JP SHULMAN, JA DISMUKES, RM DUPUIS, MH NICKERSON, JF RIMLAND, D HOGAN, SE JOHNSON, A ELLIOTT, N AF WEBER, R BRYAN, RT OWEN, RL WILCOX, CM GORELKIN, L VISVESVARA, GS JURANEK, DD ADDISS, DG SPENCER, HC HIGHTOWER, AW STEWART, JM ROBERTS, JM WAHLQUIST, SP HORSBURGH, CR CASTRO, KG TAUXE, RV VUGIA, DJ GLASS, RI THOMPSON, SE SCHWARTZ, DA KOZARSKY, PE STEINBERG, JP SHULMAN, JA DISMUKES, RM DUPUIS, MH NICKERSON, JF RIMLAND, D HOGAN, SE JOHNSON, A ELLIOTT, N TI IMPROVED LIGHT-MICROSCOPIC DETECTION OF MICROSPORIDIA SPORES IN STOOL AND DUODENAL ASPIRATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS PATIENTS; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; NOSEMATOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOONOSIS; DIARRHEA; CORNEA AB Background. The diagnosis of infection with Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian organism that causes chronic diarrhea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has depended on invasive procedures. We have developed a new method to detect microsporidia spores in feces and duodenal aspirates. Methods. Stool was obtained from four HIV-infected patients with biopsy-confirmed intestinal microsporidiosis. Slides prepared from unconcentrated, formalin-fixed stool specimens were stained with a new chromotrope-based technique and examined by light microscopy. Methods of stool concentration were also compared. The technique was then evaluated by examining 215 specimens from 134 HIV-infected persons with or without diarrhea. In addition, duodenal aspirates from 10 patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea were examined by light microscopy after staining according to the new and the traditional techniques. Results. E. bieneusi spores were found in all unconcentrated stool specimens from the four patients with microsporidiosis. The use of various methods of stool concentration did not improve the detection of microsporidia spores. In the prospective study, microsporidiosis was detected in samples from 6 of 27 patients with chronic diarrhea, but in none of those from 42 patients with acute diarrhea or 65 patients without diarrhea. The presence of microsporidia spores in stool specimens and duodenal aspirates allowed the successful prediction of the presence of microsporidia in small-bowel biopsy specimens from all four patients who subsequently underwent endoscopy. Conclusions. E. bieneusi is an important cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected persons. This new diagnostic technique serves as a practical, noninvasive means to detect microsporidia spores in stool specimens and is also applicable to the examination of duodenal aspirates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,PATHOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CELL BIOL & AGING SECT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,CRAWFORD LONG HOSP,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 38 TC 422 Z9 437 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 16 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 3 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1056/NEJM199201163260304 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ213 UT WOS:A1992GZ21300004 PM 1370122 ER PT J AU BUCHWALD, D CHENEY, PR PETERSON, DL HENRY, B WORMSLEY, SB GEIGER, A ABLASHI, DV SALAHUDDIN, SZ SAXINGER, C BIDDLE, R KIKINIS, R JOLESZ, FA FOLKS, T BALACHANDRAN, N PETER, JB GALLO, RC KOMAROFF, AL AF BUCHWALD, D CHENEY, PR PETERSON, DL HENRY, B WORMSLEY, SB GEIGER, A ABLASHI, DV SALAHUDDIN, SZ SAXINGER, C BIDDLE, R KIKINIS, R JOLESZ, FA FOLKS, T BALACHANDRAN, N PETER, JB GALLO, RC KOMAROFF, AL TI A CHRONIC ILLNESS CHARACTERIZED BY FATIGUE, NEUROLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS, AND ACTIVE HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE-6 INFECTION SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; HERPESVIRUS-6, HUMAN; NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS; FATIGUE; IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES ID BARR VIRUS-INFECTION; CHRONIC MONONUCLEOSIS SYNDROME; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SYNDROME AIDS; HUMAN-DISEASE; T-CELLS; HHV-6; HBLV AB Objective: To conduct neurologic, immunologic, and virologic studies in patients with a chronic debilitating illness of acute onset. Design: Cohort study with comparison to matched, healthy control subjects. Patients: We studied 259 patients who sought care in one medical practice; 29% of the patients were regularly bedridden or shut-in. Main Outcome Measures: Detailed medical history, physical examination, conventional hematologic and chemistry testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies lymphocyte phenotyping studies, and assays for active infection of patients' lymphocytes with human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). Main Results: Patients had a higher mean (+/- SD) CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio than matched healthy controls (3.16 +/- 1.5 compared with 2.3 +/- 1.0, respectively; P < 0.003). Magnetic resonance scans of the brain showed punctate, subcortical areas of high signal intensity consistent with edema or demyelination in 78% of patients (95% Cl, 72% to 86%) and in 21% of controls (Cl, 11% to 36%) (P < 10(-9)). Primary cell culture of lymphocytes showed active replication of HHV-6 in 79 of 113 patients (70%; Cl, 61% to 78%) and in 8 of 40 controls (20%; Cl, 9% to 36%) (P < 10(-8)), a finding confirmed by assays using monoclonal antibodies specific for HHV-6 proteins and by polymerase chain reaction assays specific for HHV-6 DNA. Conclusions: Neurologic symptoms, MRI findings, and lymphocyte phenotyping studies suggest that the patients may have been experiencing a chronic, immunologically mediated inflammatory process of the central nervous system. The active replication of HHV-6 most likely represents reactivation of latent infection, perhaps due to immunologic dysfunction. Our study did not directly address whether HHV-6, a lymphotropic and gliotropic virus, plays a role in producing the symptoms or the immunologic and neurologic dysfunction seen in this illness. Whether the findings in our patients, who came from a relatively small geographic area, will be generalizable to other patients with a similar syndrome remains to be seen. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV GEN MED,75 FRANCIS ST,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. WASHOE CTY SHERIFFS DIV,DIV FORENS SCI,RENO,NV 89512. CYTOMETRY ASSOCIATES,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. NCI,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV SO CALIF,HUNTINGTON MEM HOSP,AIDS RES LAB,PASADENA,CA 91105. NCI,TUMOR CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. STOCKTON RADIOL MED GRP,STOCKTON,CA 95204. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. SPECIALTY LABS INC,SANTA MONICA,CA 90009. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI26788, R01AI27314, U01AI32246] NR 70 TC 260 Z9 264 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ356 UT WOS:A1992GZ35600002 PM 1309285 ER PT J AU SAFTLAS, AF OLSON, DR HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M AF SAFTLAS, AF OLSON, DR HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M TI MAMMOGRAPHIC PARENCHYMAL PATTERNS AND FAMILY HISTORY OF BREAST-CANCER - REPLY SO CANCER LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP SAFTLAS, AF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT,DIV REP HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GY837 UT WOS:A1992GY83700055 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL AF SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL TI PERTUSSIS HOSPITALIZATIONS AND MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985-1988 - EVALUATION OF THE COMPLETENESS OF NATIONAL REPORTING SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WHOOPING-COUGH; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC AB Objective. - To determine the magnitude of hospitalizations for pertussis and pertussis mortality and to estimate the total burden of clinically significant pertussis in the United States. Design. - Capture-recapture methods for estimating population size from independent surveillance systems were used to analyze morbidity and mortality data from case report forms received at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) from the states, and compared these data with pertussis hospitalizations compiled from a database of US hospitals participating in the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities-Professional Activities Survey (CPHA-PAS) and death certificate reports compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Population Studied. - All pertussis hospitalizations and pertussis-related deaths in the United States, 1985 through 1988. Results. - We estimated that 13 557 pertussis hospitalizations (95% confidence interval [CI], 12953 to 14162) and 98 pertussis deaths had occurred during the 4-year study period (an average of more than 3300 hospitalizations and 25 deaths per year). The completeness of reporting hospitalizations to the CDC was 32% and to the CPHA-PAS, 23%, while the completeness of reporting pertussis deaths to the CDC was 33% and to NCHS, 23%. Patients who were hospitalized with per-tussis and reported to CDC were at a higher risk for developing pneumonia (31.0% vs 20.0%, relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7), seizures (3.7% vs 2.1 %; RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.5) and encephalitis (1.2% vs 0.2%; RR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.4 to 11.6) compared with patients recorded in the CPHA-PAS system. Conclusions. - Our study suggests that there is substantial underreporting of pertussis, that severe complications of pertussis (including hospitalizations) are reported preferentially to the CDC, and that the national health impact of pertussis based on these indicators is considerably higher than previously published reports have suggested. RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFORMAT SERV,MAILSTOP E07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1001/jama.267.3.386 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GY437 UT WOS:A1992GY43700036 PM 1309387 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE VILLARINO, ME SNIDER, DE AF HUEBNER, RE VILLARINO, ME SNIDER, DE TI TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTING AND THE HIV EPIDEMIC SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 3 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1001/jama.267.3.409 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GY437 UT WOS:A1992GY43700042 PM 1727967 ER PT J AU GIBBS, CJ BOLIS, CL ASHER, DM BRADLEY, R FITE, RW JOHNSON, RT MAHY, BWJ MCKHANN, GM AF GIBBS, CJ BOLIS, CL ASHER, DM BRADLEY, R FITE, RW JOHNSON, RT MAHY, BWJ MCKHANN, GM TI RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL-ROUND-TABLE-WORKSHOP ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ASSOC INT RECH ENSEIGNEMENT NEUROSCI,CH-1204 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. MAFF,CENT VET LAB,WEYBRIDGE KT15 3NB,SURREY,ENGLAND. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GIBBS, CJ (reprint author), NIH,BLDG 36,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 2 BP 164 EP 167 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GZ407 UT WOS:A1992GZ40700003 PM 1348501 ER PT J AU SMITH, AH PATTERSON, DG WARNER, ML MACKENZIE, R NEEDHAM, LL AF SMITH, AH PATTERSON, DG WARNER, ML MACKENZIE, R NEEDHAM, LL TI SERUM 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN LEVELS OF NEW-ZEALAND PESTICIDE APPLICATORS AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR CANCER HYPOTHESES SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; CASE-REFERENT; PHENOXYACETIC ACIDS; FORESTRY WORKERS; VIETNAM VETERANS; CHEMICAL WORKERS AB Background: The phenoxyherbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) has been widely used by professional pesticide applicators in New Zealand since before 1950. Epidemiologic studies of the risk of cancer and birth defects have been conducted in this group of workers, but little is known about the extent of their exposure to the 2,4,5-T contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent carcinogen in animals. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether the blood serum levels of TCDD in a group of professional 2,4,5-T applicators in New Zealand were greater than those of a matched control group not involved in 2,4,5-T spraying. Methods: Of 548 men employed as professional pesticide applicators in New Zealand from 1979 through 1982, nine were selected who had sprayed pesticides, although not necessarily 2,4,5-T, for at least 180 months. These applicators had sprayed 2,4,5-T for a range of 83-372 months. We measured the blood serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, which were substituted with chlorine at the 2,3,7,8 position, in the nine pesticide applicators and in a matched group of nine control subjects. Results: The average serum level of TCDD for applicators was almost 10 times that for the matched control subjects, while the average levels of all other congeners and isomers measured in the two groups did not differ substantially. TCDD levels in eight of the nine applicators were higher than those in the control subjects (mean difference, 47.7 parts per trillion). The variation in TCDD levels among the applicators was related to their duration of work exposure to 2,4,5-T. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings in these subjects in New Zealand, we conclude that increased risks of cancer from brief exposure to phenoxyherbicides reported in other countries are probably not attributable to the TCDD that contaminates 2,4,5-T. We cannot determine from these results, however, whether TCDD exposure from prolonged use of 2,4,5-T poses significant health risks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WELLINGTON HOSP,DEPT LAB SERV,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. RP SMITH, AH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOMED & ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Smith, Allan/F-9249-2011 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 15 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.2.104 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HG725 UT WOS:A1992HG72500011 PM 1735875 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA MULINARE, J TEUTSCH, SM AF HAHN, RA MULINARE, J TEUTSCH, SM TI INCONSISTENCIES IN CODING OF RACE AND ETHNICITY BETWEEN BIRTH AND DEATH IN UNITED-STATES INFANTS - A NEW LOOK AT INFANT-MORTALITY, 1983 THROUGH 1985 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective. - To ascertain the consistency of the racial and ethnic classification of US infants between birth and death and its impact on infant mortality rates. Subjects. - All US infants born from 1983 through 1985 who died within a year. Design. - We used the national linked birth/infant-death computer tape, augmented with information on infants' race and ethnicity at death, to compare the coding of race and Hispanic ethnicity at birth and at death. We also assessed infant mortality rates by race and ethnicity as defined (1) by the standard algorithm and (2) by the rule that, beginning in published tabulations for 1989, assigns newborns the race of their mothers. Finally, we estimated infant mortality rates based on consistent coding of race and ethnicity at birth and death. Results. - Inconsistency in the coding of race is low for whites (1.2%), greater for blacks (4.3%), and greatest for races other than white or black (43.2%). Most infants reclassified at death (87.3%) are classified as white at death. Inconsistency in coding is lower for non-Hispanic whites (3.5%) and non-Hispanic blacks (3.3%) than for Hispanic populations (30.3%). Compared with the standard algorithm for calculation of infant mortality, consistent definition at birth and death produces rates 2.1 % lower for whites, and higher for all other groups-3.2% for blacks, 46.9% for American Indians, 33.3% for Chinese, 48.8% for Japanese, 78.7% for Filipinos, and 8.9% for Hispanics. Conclusions. - The coding of race and ethnicity of infants at birth and death is remarkably inconsistent, with substantial impact on the estimation of infant mortality rates. A need exists to reconsider the nature and definition of race and ethnicity in public health. RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 2 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1001/jama.267.2.259 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GY046 UT WOS:A1992GY04600030 PM 1727523 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA AF HAHN, RA TI THE STATE OF FEDERAL HEALTH-STATISTICS ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC-GROUPS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-INDIANS AB Objective. - To examine assumptions underlying federal health statistics on racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Data Sources. - Studies conducted by federal agencies and other investigators, and technical appendices of published vital statistics and census reports. Data Synthesis. - Several assumptions underlying federal health statistics on racial and ethnic groups are not well supported. Conceptual (as opposed to operational) definitions of race and ethnicity are not available, and scientific grounds for definition are not considered. Procedures for the ascertainment of race and ethnicity vary within and among data-collection agencies. Miscounting and misclassification may vary by an order of magnitude between whites and other races. The responses of individuals to questions of racial and ethnic identity differ for different indicators, in different surveys, and at different times. As a result, counts, rates, and rate ratios may not be meaningful or accurate. Particularly for Hispanics and for races other than whites or blacks, there are inconsistencies in statistical information that may hinder health research and program development. Conclusions. - Improvement of federal health statistics for racial and ethnic groups requires (1) clarification of goals for classification, (2) adoption of scientific principles for the validation and definition of the categories "race" and "ethnicity," (3) assessment of perceived social identity in the population, and (4) periodic evaluation. RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 2 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1001/jama.267.2.268 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GY046 UT WOS:A1992GY04600032 PM 1727525 ER PT J AU LAGA, M ICENOGLE, JP MARSELLA, R MANOKA, AT NZILA, N RYDER, RW VERMUND, SH HEYWARD, WL NELSON, A REEVES, WC AF LAGA, M ICENOGLE, JP MARSELLA, R MANOKA, AT NZILA, N RYDER, RW VERMUND, SH HEYWARD, WL NELSON, A REEVES, WC TI GENITAL PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL DYSPLASIA - OPPORTUNISTIC COMPLICATIONS OF HIV-INFECTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; LATIN-AMERICA; RISK FACTOR; CANCER; ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Certain human genital papillomaviruses (HPV) are strongly associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer. Evidence is accumulating that HPV infection and ano-genital cancers are more common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The objective of our study was to evaluate the extent to which HPV infection and associated cervical disease constitute opportunistic complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a population of sexually promiscuous, HIV-infected women in Kinshasa, Zaire. In 1989 we obtained Pap smears and cervicovaginal lavage specimens for HPV DNA testing from 47 HIV-seropositive and 48 HIV-seronegative prostitutes who were part of a cohort under observation since 1988. Thirty-eight percent of the HIV-seropositive and 8% of the seronegative women (odds ratio = 6.8; p = 0.001) had HPV DNA detected by either ViraType, a dot-blot assay which detects specific genital HPV types, or low-stringency Southern blot, which detects all HPV types. Eighty-two women (86%) had an interpretable Pap smear; 11 of 41 (27%) HIV-seropositive women and one of 41 (3%) seronegative women had cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) (odds ratio = 14.7; p = 0.002). HIV seropositivity, HPV infection and CIN were highly associated. Eight (73%) of 11 seropositive women with CIN had HPV detected. Both HPV infection and cervical cancer may emerge as opportunistic complications of HIV infection in populations in which HIV, HPV and cervical cancer are common. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. DEPT PUBL HLTH,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NIAID,DIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 NR 27 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 2 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910500110 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GW968 UT WOS:A1992GW96800009 PM 1309459 ER PT J AU LAIRMORE, MD ROBERTS, B FRANK, D ROVNAK, J WEISER, MG COCKERELL, GL AF LAIRMORE, MD ROBERTS, B FRANK, D ROVNAK, J WEISER, MG COCKERELL, GL TI COMPARATIVE BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF RABBITS INFECTED WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HTLV-I; ANTIBODY REACTIVITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; TRANSMISSION; MYELOPATHY; AMPLIFICATION AB An experimental rabbit model was used to determine host responses to infection by various human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) strains. Seven groups of 4 to 5 rabbits each were inoculated with lethally-irradiated HTLV-I-infected cell lines derived from patients with adult T-cell leukemia\lymphoma or from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. Four separate control groups of 2 rabbits each were inoculated with similarly prepared HTLV-I-negative cells derived from rabbits or humans. Anti-viral antibody responses were assessed by immunoblot assay and hematologic parameters were measured using automated cell counters and cytologic staining. The virologic status of challenged rabbits was determined by co-culture and HTLV-I antigen capture assay, as well as by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of HTLV-I DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or tissues. The HTLV-I inocula could be separated into groups based upon their infectivity to rabbits: highly infectious strains elicited intense serologic responses and were detected frequently in tissues by antigen and PCR assays, while other strains were moderately to poorly infectious, induced weak antibody responses and were infrequently detected by antigen and PCR assays. Overall, PBMC appeared to have the greatest quantity of HTLV-I containing cells, while bone marrow was a poor source of virus. No clinical or hematologic abnormalities were evident during the 24-week course of infection. Taken together, our results suggest there is heterogeneity in the biological response to HTLV-I infection which is, in part, dependent on the infecting strain of virus. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA40714-04] NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 2 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910500125 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GW968 UT WOS:A1992GW96800024 PM 1345820 ER PT J AU DRANCOURT, M KELLY, PJ REGNERY, R RAOULT, D AF DRANCOURT, M KELLY, PJ REGNERY, R RAOULT, D TI IDENTIFICATION OF SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO ACTA VIROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; ISOLATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CULTURE; BLOOD; TICKS AB In order to facilitate the isolation and identification of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae from their tick vectors, we used the centrifugation shell vial technique or traditional isolation procedures and genotypic identification using the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain amplified fragments. The presence of Rickettsia conorii both in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in southern France, and in Rhipicephalus simus and Haemaphysalis leachi from Zimbabwe was demonstrated. This procedure seems to be of particular interest for studying the epidemiology and ecology of SFG rickettsiae. C1 UNIV ZIMBABWE,FAC VET SCI,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DRANCOURT, M (reprint author), CHU TIMONE,CTR NATL REFERENCE RICKETTSIOSES,F-13385 MARSEILLE 05,FRANCE. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57, NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0001-723X J9 ACTA VIROL JI Acta Virol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA HN641 UT WOS:A1992HN64100001 PM 1350164 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ FINNERTY, V COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ FINNERTY, V COLLINS, FH TI MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVES ON THE GENETICS OF MOSQUITOS SO ADVANCES IN GENETICS INCORPORATING MOLECULAR GENETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; MELANOTIC ENCAPSULATION REACTIONS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER GENOME; ORGANO-PHOSPHATE RESISTANCE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS SKUSE; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; HIGHLY REPEATED DNA; REPETITIVE DNA; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; RIBOSOMAL DNA C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BESANSKY, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 199 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2660 J9 ADV GENET JI Adv. Genet. PY 1992 VL 30 BP 123 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60320-X PG 62 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MC967 UT WOS:A1992MC96700004 PM 1360745 ER PT J AU TOROK, TJ AF TOROK, TJ TI PARVOVIRUS B19 AND HUMAN-DISEASE SO ADVANCES IN INTERNAL MEDICINE, VOL 37 SE ADVANCES IN INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RED-CELL APLASIA; AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; INFECTIOSUM 5TH DISEASE; HUMAN-SERUM PARVOVIRUS; ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; HYDROPS FETALIS; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; B19-PARVOVIRUS INFECTION RP TOROK, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 167 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146 SN 0065-2822 J9 ADV INTERNAL MED JI Adv.Intern.Med. PY 1992 VL 37 SI 19 BP 431 EP 455 PG 25 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BZ78K UT WOS:A1992BZ78K00020 PM 1558006 ER PT J AU PELLETT, PE BLACK, JB YAMAMOTO, M AF PELLETT, PE BLACK, JB YAMAMOTO, M TI HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6 - THE VIRUS AND THE SEARCH FOR ITS ROLE AS A HUMAN PATHOGEN SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; B-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; INFECTION EXANTHEM SUBITUM; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HBLV HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME C1 KYUSHU UNIV,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. RP PELLETT, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HERPESVIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 207 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-3527 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv. Virus Res. PY 1992 VL 41 BP 1 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60034-2 PG 52 WC Virology SC Virology GA MD550 UT WOS:A1992MD55000001 PM 1315478 ER PT J AU BEDNARIK, DP FOLKS, TM AF BEDNARIK, DP FOLKS, TM TI MECHANISMS OF HIV-1 LATENCY SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE VIRAL PERSISTENCE; LATENCY; SILENT INFECTION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCIBLE NUCLEAR PROTEINS; NORMAL HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; DNA-BINDING SUBUNIT; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; T-CELL ACTIVATION; TAT GENE-PRODUCT AB This review describes some of the virus-cell relationships that might contribute to the state of latency observed in HIV infection. Viruses use many mechanisms to persist in their host, and the molecular interactions evoked by the virus and the cell on each other can influence the outcome of an infection. The topics of cellular effects on the virus versus viral effects on the cell are discussed in the context of viral life-cycle, activation and defective viruses, as well as latency concepts in relation to in vivo findings and in vitro cell models. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 110 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1097/00002030-199201000-00001 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HE075 UT WOS:A1992HE07500001 PM 1543563 ER PT J AU FARLEY, TA CARTTER, ML WASSELL, JT HADLER, JL AF FARLEY, TA CARTTER, ML WASSELL, JT HADLER, JL TI PREDICTORS OF OUTCOME IN METHADONE PROGRAMS - EFFECT OF HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE METHADONE; HIV; AIDS; NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; DRUG-ABUSE; FOLLOW-UP; TIME SPENT; MAINTENANCE AB Objective: To identify predictors of treatment outcomes in methadone maintenance programs and to determine whether HIV counseling and testing influenced these outcomes. Design: Retrospective record review. Setting: Four methadone maintenance programs in four cities in Connecticut, USA. Participants: Five hundred and ninety-four clients, who began treatment over an 18-month period and for whom records were available, took part. Interventions: HIV counseling and testing. Main outcome measures: Risk of treatment discontinuation and persistent in-treatment illicit drug use. Results: The most important predictor of treatment discontinuation and of persistent in-treatment illicit drug use was self-reported pre-treatment After controlling for this and demographic risk factors, clients who received initial HIV counseling, when compared with clients who did not, had a similar 12-month discontinuation risk (54 versus 59%; P = 0.08) but were less likely to show persistent illicit drug use (46 versus 53%; P = 0.01). Among counseled entrants who were tested for HIV antibodies, those receiving positive results had a 12-month discontinuation risk similar to those receiving negative results (50 versus 52%), but more often showed persistent illicit drug use (57 versus 44%), although this difference may have been due to chance (P = 0.28). The majority of clients who discontinued treatment did so because they were discharged for non-compliance with clinic rules, usually for failing to pay fees. Conclusion: HIV counseling and testing do not have a substantial adverse effect on methadone treatment outcomes. In the clinics under study, failure to pay clinic fees was an important factor contributing to discontinuation of treatment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL SECT,BUR HLTH PROMOT,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1097/00002030-199201000-00016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HE075 UT WOS:A1992HE07500016 PM 1543554 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, D FROEHLICH, PA GRESSEL, MG HALL, RM CLARK, NJ BOST, P FISCHBACH, T AF OBRIEN, D FROEHLICH, PA GRESSEL, MG HALL, RM CLARK, NJ BOST, P FISCHBACH, T TI SILICA EXPOSURE IN HAND GRINDING STEEL CASTINGS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Exposure to silica dust was studied in the grinding of castings in a steel foundry that used conventional personal sampling methods and new real-time sampling techniques developed for the identification of high-exposure tasks and tools. Approximately one-third of the personal samples exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit for crystalline silica, a fraction similar to that identified in other studies of casting cleaning. Of five tools used to clean the castings, the tools with the largest wheels, a 6-in. grinder and a 4-in. cutoff wheel, were shown to be the major sources of dust exposure. Existing dust control consisted of the use of downdraft grinding benches. The size of the casting precluded working at a distance close enough to the grates of the downdraft benches for efficient capture of the grinding dust. In addition, measurements of air recirculated from the downdraft benches indicated that less than one-half of the respirable particles were removed from the contaminated airstream. Previous studies have shown that silica exposures in the cleaning of castings can be reduced or eliminated through the use of mold coatings, which minimize sand burn-in on the casting surface; by application of high-velocity, low-volume exhaust hoods; and by the use of a nonsilica molding aggregate such as olivine. This study concluded that all these methods would be appropriate control options. C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP OBRIEN, D (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1080/15298669291359285 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HQ124 UT WOS:A1992HQ12400009 PM 1317091 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, SA GROFF, JH ABELL, MT AF SHULMAN, SA GROFF, JH ABELL, MT TI PERFORMANCE OF LABORATORIES MEASURING SILICA IN THE PROFICIENCY ANALYTICAL TESTING PROGRAM SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A statistical study was performed on the results reported by laboratories analyzing silica samples in the first 101 rounds of the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program. Five laboratories participated in the first round of the PAT program in 1972, and participation grew to 130 laboratories before falling to 105 in Round 101. The laboratories use all three of the major methods of analysis: colorimetry, x-ray diffractometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The objectives of the study were to determine bias between methods, the variability associated with the methods, and any changes in bias or variability caused by a number of factors. The colorimetric method has consistently given the lowest results, particularly at higher loadings. X-ray diffractometry results were biased higher than infrared spectroscopy results during one period but not in the following period. Between the two periods, the procedures and materials used to prepare PAT samples changed in a number of ways, but the switch to quartz dust with a smaller particle size is a likely explanation for the bias difference. Generally, silica analyses have improved in precision over time, and this improvement has taken place for all three of the methods. The colorimetric method has shown the poorest precision of the three methods, but, unlike the differences in bias, the differences in precision have diminished considerably over time. Precision estimates from other studies were compared to those from this study to learn more about sources of variability. The largest source of variability, the differences between laboratories, was large even when laboratories used the same method, as they did in a collaborative study of silica methods. RP SHULMAN, SA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0049:POLMSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HQ124 UT WOS:A1992HQ12400010 PM 1317092 ER PT J AU WENDELL, DA ONORATO, IM MCCRAY, E ALLEN, DM SWEENEY, PA AF WENDELL, DA ONORATO, IM MCCRAY, E ALLEN, DM SWEENEY, PA TI YOUTH AT RISK - SEX, DRUGS, AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEROPREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; AIDS; MEN AB Adolescents and young adults are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection due to unprotected sexual intercourse and drug use. In 1988 and 1989, blinded surveys were conducted in 84 sexually transmitted disease clinics, 115 women's health clinics, and 19 drug treatment centers in 38 metropolitan areas. Blood specimens from 153 242 clients, aged 15 to 24 years, were tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies after all client identifiers were removed. In sexually transmitted disease clinics, the median rate was 0.4% among 15- to 19-year-olds, compared with 1.4% among 20- to 24-year-olds. Among heterosexual adolescents, rates in females were significantly higher than in males (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Rates in heterosexuals were highest in the northeastern and southeastern United States and in Puerto Rico. In 20- to 24-year-old male clients in sexually transmitted disease clinics who had sex with males, rates ranged from 9.7% to 55.6%. In drug treatment centers, the median rate among 20- to 24-year-old men and women was 8.3% (range, 0% to 33.3%). Rates in women's health clinics were much lower (median, 0.1%). The high rates of infection in certain groups of adolescents and young adults indicate the need for improved care, education, and outreach targeted toward those at high risk. RP WENDELL, DA (reprint author), NCID,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-49,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 146 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GY446 UT WOS:A1992GY44600023 PM 1310567 ER PT J AU SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR HOLMBERG, SD MOON, MW LAMB, GA AF SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR HOLMBERG, SD MOON, MW LAMB, GA TI THE RELATION BETWEEN NITRITE INHALANTS, UNPROTECTED RECEPTIVE ANAL INTERCOURSE, AND THE RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMYL NITRITE; HIV; HOMOSEXUALITY; NITRITES; SEXUAL PARTNERS ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; SYNDROME AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; VOLATILE NITRITES; AUTOPSY; POPPERS AB The role of nitrite was evaluated between 1985 and 1988 in a study of sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among homosexual male couples in Boston, Massachusetts. Initial enrollment data suggested that a history of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.4-3.6) and a history of nitrite use (OR = 1.7, 95% Cl 1.1-2.5) were independent risk factors for HIV infection. In addition, interaction between nitrite use and unprotected receptive anal intercourse was observed (OR = 5.5, 95% Cl 2.8-11.1) after controlling for number of unprotected receptive anal sex partners and history of sexually transmitted diseases. Since it was felt that nitrite use might be a marker for unprotected receptive anal sexual activity, a supplemental questionnaire was administered to obtain information on simultaneous nitrite use and unprotected receptive anal intercourse. The supplemental data suggested a strong interaction between nitrite use and unprotected receptive anal intercourse in increasing the risk of HIV infection. In the adjusted analyses, the odds ratio for HIV infection was considerably greater among men who always used nitrites during unprotected receptive anal intercourse (OR = 31.8, 95% Cl 12.9-76.7) compared with men who sometimes (OR = 7.1, 95% Cl 2.1-23.6) or never (OR = 9.0, 95% Cl 2.5-32.1) used them. These findings have preventive public health implications and may add insight into our understanding of the mechanism by which HIV infection spread rapidly among homosexual men in the early 1980s. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02215. FENWAY COMMUNITY HLTH CTR,BOSTON,MA. MEM HOSP,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. BROWN UNIV,PROGRAM MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEAGE, GR (reprint author), BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC,1010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE318 UT WOS:A1992HE31800001 PM 1346559 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, GA KOHN, R BALLADARES, C BACK, A OLIVA, G AF WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, GA KOHN, R BALLADARES, C BACK, A OLIVA, G TI CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN - A NEED FOR UNIVERSAL SCREENING IN HIGH PREVALENCE POPULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLAMYDIA; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY (EPIDEMIOLOGY); SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; CERVICAL INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; ANTIBODIES; SPECIMENS; CULTURE; TESTS AB Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen. Nevertheless, selective, rather than universal, screening for chlamydia has been recommended, largely because testing is expensive and requires considerable technical expertise. A total of 1,348 women in four family planning clinics in San Francisco, California, were screened from March 1987 to January 1988 to identify criteria for selective screening. Of these, 9.2% had a positive chlamydia test using direct fluorescence. Logistic regression analysis identified five factors associated with infection: age less than 25 years, cervical friability, single marital status, a new sexual partner within the past 3 months, and lack of barrier contraceptive use. No single risk factor or combination of risk factors had both a high sensitivity and a high positive predictive value for infection. While screening all women who were unmarried would detect 93% of those with chlamydia, the positive predictive value of 10.7% was not much higher than the overall prevalence. Conversely, screening all women with cervical friability, which had a positive predictive value of 23.2%, would only detect 11% of those with chlamydia. On the basis of the authors' findings, selective screening should not be used in high prevalence populations in which all women are at risk and should be screened for chlamydia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. FU PHS HHS [9H000037-18-0] NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE318 UT WOS:A1992HE31800007 PM 1736659 ER PT J AU RICHET, HM MCNEIL, MM DAVIS, BJ DUNCAN, E STRICKLER, J NUNLEY, D JARVIS, WR TABLAN, OC AF RICHET, HM MCNEIL, MM DAVIS, BJ DUNCAN, E STRICKLER, J NUNLEY, D JARVIS, WR TABLAN, OC TI ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS STERNAL WOUND INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN-HEART-SURGERY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; HEART SURGERY; STERNUM; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION ID INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION; AMPHOTERICIN-B; RISK FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; ENDOCARDITIS; RENOVATION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB During a 21-month period (July 1986-April 1988), six patients who underwent open heart surgery at Holston Valley Hospital and Medical Center in Kingsport, Tennessee, developed sternal wound infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. All patients required sternectomy, reconstructive surgery, and long term amphotericin B therapy; no patient died. By univariate analysis, the following were significantly associated with A. fumigatus sternal wound infection: chronic lung disease, a recent history of pneumonia, a greater mean number of admission diagnoses, and a particular surgeon. However, multivariate analysis identified chronic lung disease as the only independent risk factor and the best predictor of A. fumigatus sternal wound infections. No factors related to the surgical procedure or operating room personnel were associated with infection. A review of the characteristics of the patients undergoing open heart surgery showed that since 1985, there had been a trend for these patients at Holston Valley Hospital and Medical Center to be older and sicker, which may have contributed to the occurrence of infections never observed before. Despite an extensive investigation, no environmental source for A. fumigatus was identified. A. fumigatus, however, grew from the bronchial washing of one patient at the time the sternal wound infection was diagnosed, and a prospective study showed that the rate of A. fumigatus colonization among open heart surgery patients was the same as the rate of sternal wound infections caused by A. fumigatus. These data suggest that patients with chronic lung disease and respiratory colonization with A. fumigatus are at increased risk for A. fumigatus sternal wound infections after open heart surgery. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,SPECIAL PROGRAMS GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOLSTON VALLEY HOSP & MED CTR,KINGSPORT,TN. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE318 UT WOS:A1992HE31800008 PM 1736660 ER PT J AU SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR CAI, B LAMB, GA AF SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR CAI, B LAMB, GA TI CORROBORATION OF SEXUAL HISTORIES AMONG MALE-HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HOMOSEXUALITY; HIV; SEX BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS-RELATED CONDITION; RISK-FACTORS; HIV INFECTION; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; SAN-FRANCISCO; MEN; RELIABILITY; CONTACTS; COHORT AB Using data from a study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission among homosexual male partners from Boston, Massachusetts, the authors compared self-reported sexual histories among 155 index-partner pairs during 1985-1988. Overall, high levels of agreement were observed for all reported sexual activities. Agreement on anal sex was very high (Spearman's r = 0.78-0.79, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001; kappa = 0.76-0.88, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). Level of agreement did vary significantly by a couple's drug and alcohol use; the heavier substance user generally reported fewer sexual encounters than the lighter user. These results have important implications in sexual behavior research and show that among homosexual men, self-reports of sexual behavior may be resonably valid. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02215. FENWAY COMMUNITY HLTH CTR,BOSTON,MA. MEM HOSP,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. BROWN UNIV,PROGRAM MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEAGE, GR (reprint author), BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC,1010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. FU PHS HHS [464/CCUI00607-06] NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE318 UT WOS:A1992HE31800011 PM 1736663 ER PT J AU CHOI, WS NOVOTNY, TE THIMIS, AT AF CHOI, WS NOVOTNY, TE THIMIS, AT TI RESTRICTING MINORS ACCESS TO TOBACCO - A REVIEW OF STATE LEGISLATION, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Currently, 46 states and the District of Columbia prohibit the sale of tobacco products to minors, and the minimum age requirement differs by state. In general, these laws are poorly enforced and inadequately prevent youth from obtaining tobacco. According to a four-part classification scheme used in this article, no states have comprehensive laws banning access to tobacco, four states have moderate laws, 37 states and the District of Columbia have basic laws, five states have nominal laws, and the remaining four states have no regulations. We recommend 11 important elements for laws that would adequately restrict minors' access to tobacco products. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Choi, Won/G-7441-2015 OI Choi, Won/0000-0002-5634-844X NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HR434 UT WOS:A1992HR43400004 PM 1575996 ER PT J AU MEEHAN, PJ LAMB, JA SALTZMAN, LE OCARROLL, PW AF MEEHAN, PJ LAMB, JA SALTZMAN, LE OCARROLL, PW TI ATTEMPTED-SUICIDE AMONG YOUNG-ADULTS - PROGRESS TOWARD A MEANINGFUL ESTIMATE OF PREVALENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR; POPULATION; IDEATION AB Objective: The results of epidemiologic surveys on attempted suicide are often difficult to interpret; they compare and provide varying estimates of the prevalence of attempted suicide. The authors sought to estimate the prevalence of attempted suicide in a young adult population and to define more precisely what respondents mean when they report a suicide attempt. Method: Survey respondents were a representative sample of all 18-24-year-old freshman students at a major public university. The self-administered, anonymous survey included questions about suicidal thoughts and behaviors and about any injury and need for medical care resulting from reported attempts. Results: Of the 694 respondents, 374 (54%) reported having ever considered suicide and 181 (26%) had considered suicide during the preceding 12 months. Thirteen (2%) students reported having attempted suicide during the preceding 12 months, and 72 (10%) reported ever having attempted suicide. The number of students answering affirmatively to questions about injuries sustained, medical care sought, and hospitalization as a result of attempted suicide decreased progressively: only 18 (3%) students reported having ever sought medical care due to a suicide attempt, and seven (1%) were ever hospitalized. Conclusions: The prevalence of self-reported attempted suicide is not representative of the prevalence of self-injury and provides little information concerning the seriousness of the attempt. The use of specific questions similar to those used in this study should be considered in future surveys. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT SOCIAL WORK,RENO,NV 89557. NR 13 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 149 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GX040 UT WOS:A1992GX04000005 PM 1728183 ER PT J AU EMMONS, KM ABRAMS, DB MARSHALL, RJ ETZEL, RA NOVOTNY, TE MARCUS, BH KANE, ME AF EMMONS, KM ABRAMS, DB MARSHALL, RJ ETZEL, RA NOVOTNY, TE MARCUS, BH KANE, ME TI EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE IN NATURALISTIC SETTINGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE SMOKING; LUNG-CANCER; ABSORPTION; RISK AB Background. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been identified as a risk factor for chronic disease among nonsmokers. Results of epidemiological surveys suggest that the majority of nonsmokers have regular ETS exposure. However, little is known about the topography of exposure. Methods. An exposure diary was used by 186 nonsmokers to self-monitor ETS exposure over a 7-day period. Subjects also completed a questionnaire that assessed their patterns of ETS exposure. Results. The primary source of ETS exposure was the workplace, except when there was a smoker in the household, in which case the household was the primary source. The presence of a smoker in the household resulted in higher levels of exposure both at work and in other locations when compared with subjects without household exposure. Subjects' assessments of exposure on the questionnaire were consistently lower than their self-monitored levels. This finding suggests that general exposure ratings underestimate exposure. Conclusions. This study provides a new understanding of the patterns of ETS exposure and may help guide the development of policies and interventions designed to reduce ETS exposure. C1 RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,OFF HLTH PROMOT,PROVIDENCE,RI. CDC,OFF SMOK & HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RHODE ISL LUNG ASSOC,PROVIDENCE,RI. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EMMONS, KM (reprint author), MIRIAM HOSP,DIV BEHAV MED,RISE BLDG,164 SUMMIT AVE,PROVIDENCE,RI 02906, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1-R03-CA-48437, CA 38309]; PHS HHS [450-CCU-2970] NR 21 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.1.24 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL399 UT WOS:A1992HL39900005 PM 1536329 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DE ZEGER, SL REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA AF PETERSON, DE ZEGER, SL REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA TI THE EFFECT OF STATE CIGARETTE TAX INCREASES ON CIGARETTE SALES, 1955 TO 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID LONGITUDINAL DATA AB We evaluated the effect of state cigarette tax increases on cigarette sales in the 50 states for the years 1955 to 1988. State cigarette tax increases were associated with an average decline in cigarette consumption of three cigarette packs per capita (about 2.4%). Larger tax increases were associated with larger declines in consumption. Raising state cigarette taxes appears to be an effective public health intervention that can reduce cigarette consumption and its associated health consequences. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,ENVIRONM & CHRON DIS EPIDEMIOL,MADISON,WI. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP PETERSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,MS C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.1.94 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL399 UT WOS:A1992HL39900020 PM 1536343 ER PT J AU LUBY, S JONES, J ZALEWSKI, A AF LUBY, S JONES, J ZALEWSKI, A TI GHB USE IN SOUTH-CAROLINA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LUBY, S (reprint author), S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,2600 BULL ST,COLUMBIA,SC 29201, USA. NR 1 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 128 EP 128 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.1.128-a PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL399 UT WOS:A1992HL39900042 PM 1536324 ER PT J AU FONTENILLE, D CAMPBELL, GH AF FONTENILLE, D CAMPBELL, GH TI IS ANOPHELES-MASCARENSIS A NEW MALARIA VECTOR IN MADAGASCAR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; ELISA; KENYA AB Anopheles mascarensis De Meillon, 1947, a mosquito that is native to Madagascar, is reported for the first time to act as a vector of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. From September 1989 to March 1990, 2,499 An. mascarensis specimens from different regions of Madagascar were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the four human species of Plasmodium. The salivary glands of 237 specimens were also dissected. Fourteen of 1,864 specimens obtained from Sainte Marie island on the Malagasy east coast were found by ELISA to be positive for the CS protein of P. falciparum. In addition, two of 237 specimens that were dissected were observed to have sporozoites in the salivary glands. These sporozoites were identified as P. falciparum by ELISA. In the other regions studied, no positive specimens were found. Due to observed behavioral differences between east coast and highland populations of An. mascarensis, the possible presence of a species complex is discussed. C1 INST PASTEUR,ANTANANARIVO,MALAGASY REPUBL. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HF362 UT WOS:A1992HF36200005 PM 1536380 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PM PHILLIPS, DL HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ AF BURSE, VW KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PM PHILLIPS, DL HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ TI SELECTION OF A BASE SERUM FOR THE PREPARATION OF QUALITY-CONTROL POOLS CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTES SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; HUMAN SERUM; BOVINE SERUM; ELECTRON CAPTURE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIPHENYLS AB At two laboratories, an analytical method to determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum was evaluated for its ability to recover in vitro-spiked PCBs from bovine and human serum. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the results obtained for the two matrices at both laboratories. Previously an interlaboratory bias between the laboratories of + 3.3% had been established by using bovine serum; however, with human serum the average interlaboratory bias was 9.5% resulting in a change in absolute bias of approximately 13%. The analytes determined in the base materials before they were in vitro-spiked with PCBs were dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), PCBs, and serum lipids (i.e., total cholesterol, triglycerides, free cholesterol and phospholipids). The concentration of analytes and lipids was higher in base human serum than in base bovine serum. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,CTR LABS & COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02138. RP BURSE, VW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HB333 UT WOS:A1992HB33300003 ER PT J AU BOYER, AE LIPOWSKA, M ZEN, JM PATONAY, G TSANG, VCW AF BOYER, AE LIPOWSKA, M ZEN, JM PATONAY, G TSANG, VCW TI EVALUATION OF NEAR-INFRARED DYES AS LABELS FOR IMMUNOASSAYS UTILIZING LASER DIODE DETECTION - DEVELOPMENT OF NEAR-INFRARED DYE IMMUNOASSAY (NIRDIA) SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CYANINE DYES; NEAR INFRARED DETECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; FLUORESCENT LABELS AB Many recent studies of near infrared (NIR) dyes have shown their usefulness as probes for many analytical applications. Since these dyes have absorption maxima between 600 and 1000 nm, a region of low interference by most bioorganic molecules, their use as a label for biomolecules is practical. We report here the first study to evaluate the use of near infrared dyes as a quantitative label for immunoassays. A near infrared dye was derivatized with an isothiocyanate functional group and conjugated to goat anti-human immunoglobulins (GAHG). After purification by G-25 size exclusion chromatography, the conjugate was used in an immunoassay to detect and quantitate human immunoglobulins (Ig), the antigen for GAHG. Polystyrene microtiter plate wells were coated with varying amounts of human Ig. The Ig-coated wells were then exposed to an excess of NIRD-GAHG, and were subsequently read and quantitated by laser diode spectroscopy. An identical immunoassay was performed which utilized an enzyme(peroxidase)-labeled GAHG for comparison. From these studies, the effectiveness of the NIR dye-conjugate as an accurate and sensitive quantitative probe for immunoassays was evaluated. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 3 BP 415 EP 428 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HL078 UT WOS:A1992HL07800002 ER PT J AU WISE, SL YARBROUGH, JA STAFFORD, CT LEFFELL, MS THOMPSON, WO ADES, EW AF WISE, SL YARBROUGH, JA STAFFORD, CT LEFFELL, MS THOMPSON, WO ADES, EW TI INVITRO EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-2 AND GAMMA-GLOBULIN ON IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE MUCOCUTANEOUS HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS-INFECTION SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CYTO-TOXICITY; GENITAL HERPES; PREGNANCY; ACTIVATION; TYPE-1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPLICATION; TOLERANCE AB A previously healthy woman developed severe, recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection at 21 years of age. Immunologic assessment over the past 2 years has revealed persistent T-cell and natural killer cell dysfunction despite normal numbers of these cells as measured by flow cytometry. We studied the effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) and gamma globulin on the patient's mononuclear cells in 18-hour Cr-51 release assays using HSV-infected and unifected target cells. Both gamma globulin and rIL-2 significantly enhanced target cell lysis of HSV-infected target cells (P < .001), but did not increase lysis of unifected target cells. Addition of the patient's serum had no effect on HSV-infected target cell lysis despite a high HSV IgG titer, indicating a possible specific abnormality in production of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody. C1 MED COLL GEORGIA,ALLERGY & IMMUNOL SECT,BG248,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT SURG,HISTOCOMPATIBIL & IMMUNOL LAB,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF RES COMP & STAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 0003-4738 J9 ANN ALLERGY JI Ann. Allergy PD JAN PY 1992 VL 68 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA HA498 UT WOS:A1992HA49800009 PM 1371040 ER PT J AU SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, ML KINNE, DW AF SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, ML KINNE, DW TI OBESITY AT DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST-CARCINOMA INFLUENCES DURATION OF DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; BREAST NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; BODY MASS INDEX; WOMENS HEALTH ID POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BODY-WEIGHT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; CANCER SURVIVAL; MENSTRUAL STATUS; BOUND ESTRADIOL; RISK-FACTORS; DIETARY-FAT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: To study disease-free survival at 10 years in relation to obesity at the time of diagnosis. Design: A prospective study of consecutively treated patients with primary breast cancer. Setting: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York. Patients: Nine hundred twenty-three women treated by mastectomy and axillary dissection. Main Results: Women who were obese (25% or more over optimal weight for height) at the time of primary breast cancer treatment were at significantly greater risk for recurrence (42%) compared with nonobese patients (32%) 10 years after diagnosis (P < 0.01). In multivariate analyses, obesiTy remained a statistically significant prognostic factor after controLling for measured tumor size, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, age at diagnosis, and adjuvant chemotherapy with a hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% Cl, 1.0 to 1.67). When analyses were restricted to the 557 patients free of lymph node metastases, the hazard ratio of recurrence associated with obesity was 1.59 (CL, 1.06 to 2.39); 32% of obese patients developed recurrent disease compared with 19% of nonobese women. Conclusions: Obesity at the time of diagnosis is a significant prognostic factor that may Limit the reduction in breast cancer mortality attainable through detection at an early stage of disease. Because obesity and the risk for breast cancer increase with age, interventions that encourage weight controL may influence breast cancer survival rates. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CORNELL UNIV,N SHORE UNIV HOSP,COLL MED,MANHASSET,NY 11030. RP SENIE, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GX157 UT WOS:A1992GX15700005 PM 1727092 ER PT J AU MISHU, B SCHAFFNER, W GRIFFIN, PM AF MISHU, B SCHAFFNER, W GRIFFIN, PM TI THE TINU SYNDROME OR THE SJOGREN SYNDROME - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MISHU, B (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 1 BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GX157 UT WOS:A1992GX15700025 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL ORENSTEIN, WA KRUGMAN, S AF ATKINSON, WL ORENSTEIN, WA KRUGMAN, S TI THE RESURGENCE OF MEASLES IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1989-1990 SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE; PRESCHOOL ID EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; VACCINE; INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; IMMUNITY; SCHWARZ AB After almost a decade of relatively few reported cases, a major resurgence of measles occurred in the United States in 1989-1990. The increase primarily involved unvaccinated racial and ethnic minority children less than five years of age residing in inner-city areas. Outbreaks of measles among vaccinated school-aged children continued to occur but had less impact than outbreaks among preschool-aged children. Efforts to prevent measles must be aimed at improving age-specific measles vaccination coverage among preschool-aged children, and implementation of a two-dose measles strategy among school-aged children. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4219 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 1992 VL 43 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1146/annurev.med.43.1.451 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HL709 UT WOS:A1992HL70900036 PM 1580601 ER PT J AU BYERS, T PERRY, G AF BYERS, T PERRY, G TI DIETARY CAROTENES, VITAMIN-C, AND VITAMIN-E AS PROTECTIVE ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN CANCERS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE NUTRITION; DIET; PREVENTION; BETA-CAROTENE ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COLON CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; ASCORBIC-ACID; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 115 TC 373 Z9 378 U1 3 U2 25 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1992 VL 12 BP 139 EP 159 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.12.1.139 PG 21 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JG467 UT WOS:A1992JG46700008 PM 1503801 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH AF CUTTS, FT ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH TI CAUSES OF LOW PRESCHOOL IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICES; IMMUNIZATION COMPLIANCE ID UNIVERSAL HEALTH-INSURANCE; BELIEF MODEL; INFLUENZA-IMMUNIZATION; SENIOR CITIZENS; PROMOTE QUALITY; PREVENTIVE CARE; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; VACCINATION; SERVICES RP CUTTS, FT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 81 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1992 VL 13 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.13.1.385 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT577 UT WOS:A1992HT57700018 PM 1599595 ER PT J AU SATTIN, RW AF SATTIN, RW TI FALLS AMONG OLDER PERSONS - A PUBLIC-HEALTH PERSPECTIVE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; INJURY; PREVENTION; RISK FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE ID HIP FRACTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ACCIDENTAL FALLS; ELDERLY PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; INJURY; OSTEOPOROSIS; ALCOHOL RP SATTIN, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 106 TC 330 Z9 333 U1 2 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1992 VL 13 BP 489 EP 508 DI 10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.002421 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT577 UT WOS:A1992HT57700025 PM 1599600 ER PT J AU FANG, ZY MONROE, SS DONG, H PENARANDA, M WEN, L GOUVEA, V ALLEN, JR HUNG, T GLASS, RI AF FANG, ZY MONROE, SS DONG, H PENARANDA, M WEN, L GOUVEA, V ALLEN, JR HUNG, T GLASS, RI TI CODING ASSIGNMENTS OF THE GENOME OF ADULT DIARRHEA ROTAVIRUS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ATYPICAL ROTAVIRUSES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; GENE-PRODUCTS; SA11 GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; RNA; INVITRO; CHINA; TRANSLATION AB Adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) has caused epidemics of diarrhea in China since 1982 and remains the only group B rotavirus associated with widespread disease in humans. We recently characterized the proteins of ADRV and have now proceeded to identify the gene segments encoding each protein. Viral RNA transcripts were synthesized in vitro with the endogenous viral RNA polymerase and separated by electrophoresis in agarose. The individual transcripts were translated in a cell-free system using nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The translation products were compared with polypeptides found in purified virus and were characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis using antisera to double- and single-shelled virions, virus cores, and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, individual RNA transcripts were hybridized to total dsRNA to determine their genomic origin. Based on this analysis, the core polypeptides VP1, VP2 and VP3 are encoded by segments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The main polypeptides in the inner capsid, VP6, and the outer capsid, VP4 and VP7, are encoded by segments 6, 4, and 8 respectively. Segments 5, 7, and 9 code for 60, 45, and 30 kDa nonstructural polypeptides. Two other nonstructural polypeptides (24 and 25 kDa) are derived from gene segment 11. Gene segment 10 codes for a 26 kDa polypeptide. that is precipitated with serum to ADRV and may be a structural protein VP9. With this exception, gene coding assignments of ADRV are comparable to those of the group A rotaviruses. Our results have clear implications for further work in cloning, sequencing, and expression genes of ADRV and can provide direction towards understanding the origin and the evolution of this virus. C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP FANG, ZY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT GO4,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1992 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF01309628 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA JF147 UT WOS:A1992JF14700005 PM 1322659 ER PT J AU PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA KRAWCZYNSKI, K TAM, A BEACH, MJ TASSOPOULOS, NC REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW AF PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA KRAWCZYNSKI, K TAM, A BEACH, MJ TASSOPOULOS, NC REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW TI EXPRESSION OF A HEPATITIS-E VIRUS (HEV)-TRPE FUSION PROTEIN CONTAINING EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES IN SERA FROM HUMAN CASES AND EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED PRIMATES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; PARTICLES; DISEASE AB A 1700 base cDNA fragment coding for the putative structural gene(s) of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was inserted into the pATH 10 expression vector. The fusion protein (C2) expressed by this plasmid was found to contain epitopes recognized by anti-HEV antibodies. C2 protein was used in a Western blot format to examine its usefulness in detecting anti-HEV antibodies in well documented human cases of HEV and non-human primates infected with HEV. Both IgM and IgG anti-HEV could be detected in our Western blot assay. This Western blot assay was found not to detect antibodies from acute-phase sera from patients with either HAV or HBV. The C 2 protein contains broadly cross-reactive epitopes, and the Western blot assay was able to detect anti-HEV antibodies in patient sera from Asia, Africa, and North America. The optimum serum dilution for the detection of both IgM and IgG was 1:25. C1 GENELABS INC, DEPT MOLEC VIROL, REDWOOD CITY, CA USA. WESTERN ATTICA GEN HOSP, DEPT MED, ATHENS, GREECE. RP CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1992 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1007/BF01317268 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA HM332 UT WOS:A1992HM33200008 PM 1373282 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K TI IDENTIFICATION OF HCV-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN(S) IN HEPATOCYTES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-A; HEPATITIS AB HCV-associated antigens (HCAg) were localized morphologically using immunofluorescence methods. Fluorescence was found in the cytoplasm of individual liver cells or in groups of cells. Nuclear fluorescence was not observed. Blocking and absorption studies suggest that HCAg is related to nucleocapsid or envelope proteins. RP KRAWCZYNSKI, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1992 SU 4 BP 196 EP 198 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA JK521 UT WOS:A1992JK52100041 PM 1280505 ER PT J AU CONOVER, DL MOSS, CE MURRAY, WE EDWARDS, RM COX, C GRAJEWSKI, B WERREN, DM SMITH, JM AF CONOVER, DL MOSS, CE MURRAY, WE EDWARDS, RM COX, C GRAJEWSKI, B WERREN, DM SMITH, JM TI FOOT CURRENTS AND ANKLE SARS INDUCED BY DIELECTRIC HEATERS SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC HEATERS; BODY CURRENTS; SARS ID FIELD; MHZ; DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION; SEALERS; MODEL AB Data are presented on ankle-specific SARs and foot currents as a function of strengths of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields encountered by operators of dielectric heaters. The determination of foot currents was based on near-field exposures in which reactive coupling dominates, and which can result in substantial SARs in exposed workers. The operators were located less than one wavelength from-usually within one meter of-the dielectric heaters, which generated fields at frequencies from 6.5 to 65 MHz. At distances normally assumed by workers, maximal strengths of electric fields ranged from 10(4) to 2.4 x 10(6) V2/m2; maximal strengths of magnetic fields ranged from 5.0 x 10(-3) to 33.3 A2/m2. Currents through both feet to ground were measured while operators stood where they normally worked. Maximal currents ranged from 3 to 617 mA, rms. Nearly 27 percent of the dielectric heaters induced foot currents that exceeded the 200-mA limit that has been proposed for a new ANSI C95.1 standard. Twenty percent of the heaters induced foot currents that exceeded 350 mA. SARs in ankles were calculated from foot currents, and they approximated 5 W/kg at 100 mA, 29 W/kg at 250 mA, and 57 W/kg at 350 mA. The maximal SAR in the ankle was approximately 176 W/kg at 617 mA. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP CONOVER, DL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,C-27,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1002/bem.2250130204 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA HN025 UT WOS:A1992HN02500003 PM 1590810 ER PT J AU FERNANDES, RM RAMOS, SRTS RASSI, V BLAKE, PA GOMES, TAT AF FERNANDES, RM RAMOS, SRTS RASSI, V BLAKE, PA GOMES, TAT TI USE OF PLASMID PROFILES TO DIFFERENTIATE STRAINS WITHIN SPECIFIC SEROTYPES OF CLASSICAL ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLASMID PROFILE; INFANT DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY ID DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; INFANTS AB 1. The usefulness of plasmid profile analysis to differentiate strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) was evaluated by studying 123 strains of the most prevalent serotypes causing infant diarrhea in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, i.e., O111ab:H-, O111ab:H2 and O119:H6. 2. No common profiles were found among strains of distinct serotypes. However, within each serotype, most of the strains were grouped within a few major profiles. More than 68% of the strains of serotypes O111ab:H-and O111ab:H2 were included in 6 and 9 major profiles, respectively. In serotype 0119:H6, about 48% of the strains were included in 3 major profiles. 3. This analysis suggests that only a few EPEC clones are causing infant diarrhea in Sao Paulo and revealed that the distribution of serotypes O111tab:H- and O111ab:H2 during the one-year study was at least partly determined by small outbreaks of the most common profiles. 4. We conclude that plasmid profile analysis is very useful to differentiate strains within specific EPEC setotypes. C1 ESCOLA PAULISTA MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL IMUNOL & PARASITOL,RUA BOTUCATU 862,3 ANDAR,BR-04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CRIANCA,BR-05403 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP INFANTIL MENINO JESUS,BR-01329 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC BRAS DIVULG CIENTIFICA PI SAO PAULO PA FACULDADE MEDICINA, SALA 21, 14049 RIBEIRAO PRETO, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0100-879X J9 BRAZ J MED BIOL RES JI Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res. PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7 BP 667 EP 672 PG 6 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JK134 UT WOS:A1992JK13400002 PM 1342597 ER PT J AU ARMENIAN, HK NOJI, EK OGANESIAN, AP AF ARMENIAN, HK NOJI, EK OGANESIAN, AP TI A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF INJURIES ARISING FROM THE EARTHQUAKE IN ARMENIA, 1988 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DISASTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71). C1 MINIST HLTH,CTR REPUBLICAN INFORMAT & COMP,YEREVAN,ARMENIA,USSR. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARMENIAN, HK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1992 VL 70 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HV120 UT WOS:A1992HV12000009 PM 1600585 ER PT J AU ROCES, MC WHITE, ME DAYRIT, MM DURKIN, ME AF ROCES, MC WHITE, ME DAYRIT, MM DURKIN, ME TI RISK-FACTORS FOR INJURIES DUE TO THE 1990 EARTHQUAKE IN LUZON, PHILIPPINES SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB On 16 July 1990, an earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale struck the island of Luzon, Philippines. A case-control study was carried out to identify the risk factors for earthquake-related injuries and at the same time observations were made on the rescue efforts. Being hit by falling objects was the leading cause of injury (34%). Those injured during the tremor were more likely to have been inside buildings constructed of concrete or mixed materials (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-4.1) and to have been on the middle floors of multistorey buildings (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.2-5.5). Leaving a building during the earthquake was a protective behaviour (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8). Of the 235 survivors who were trapped and rescued alive from the rubble, 99% were rescued within 48 hours of the impact of the tremor. These findings should prove useful in developing seismic safety codes. People should be taught proper evasive actions to take during earthquakes, and training in basic first aid and methods of rescue should be an integral part of community preparedness programmes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MICHAEL E DURKIN & ASSOCIATES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INJURY PREVENT RES CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP ROCES, MC (reprint author), SAN LAZARO CPDS,DEPT HLTH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,STA CRUZ,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. NR 10 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 509 EP 514 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JQ052 UT WOS:A1992JQ05200015 PM 1394785 ER PT J AU ANDRUS, JK DEQUADROS, C OLIVE, JM HULL, HF AF ANDRUS, JK DEQUADROS, C OLIVE, JM HULL, HF TI SCREENING OF CASES OF ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS FOR POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION - WAYS TO IMPROVE SPECIFICITY SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB The Pan American Health Organization in 1985 adopted an initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere. In 1990, over 2000 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were reported in this region, of which <1% were determined to be caused by wild poliovirus. At present, the eradication programme uses AFP as the criterion for surveillance of children aged <15 years; this is 100% sensitive, but not specific. To minimize unnecessary diagnostic investigations, we studied all 4333 cases of AFP reported to the programme during 1989 and 1990 in order to develop more efficient operational screening criteria for cases of AFP. Among children with AFP, the use of criteria such as age <6 years and either presence of fever at the onset of paralysis or a <4-day period for complete development of paralysis resulted in a sensitivity of 96% (95% C.I. 90-103%) and specificity of 49% (C.I. 47-52%). With criteria of age <6 years and fever present at the onset of paralysis the sensitivity was 75% (C.I. 61-89%) and specificity was 73% (C.I. 71-75%). These results suggest that by screening young children with AFP who either had fever at the onset or showed a rapid progression of paralysis, the number of cases of AFP requiring investigation can be reduced by one half, with minimal compromise in the sensitivity of confirmed poliomyelitis case detection. C1 WHO,EPI,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDRUS, JK (reprint author), PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EPI PAHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,525 23RD ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KD541 UT WOS:A1992KD54100003 PM 1281445 ER PT J AU BERN, C MARTINES, J DEZOYSA, I GLASS, RI AF BERN, C MARTINES, J DEZOYSA, I GLASS, RI TI THE MAGNITUDE OF THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF DIARRHEAL DISEASE - A 10-YEAR UPDATE SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID PERI-URBAN COMMUNITY; 1ST 2 YEARS; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RURAL BANGLADESH; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA; INFANT-MORTALITY; PHYSICAL GROWTH AB In order to update global estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, we carried out a review of articles published from 1980 to the present and calculated median estimates for the incidence of diarrhoea and diarrhoeal mortality among under-5-year-olds. The incidence of diarrhoea obtained (2.6 episodes per child per year) was virtually the same as that estimated by Snyder & Merson in 1982, while the global mortality estimate was lower (3.3 million deaths per year; range, 1.5-5.1 million). The mortality estimate is based on a small number of active surveillance and prospective studies, and thus associated with a large degree of uncertainty. reflecting the weakness of the global database. However, many surveys reporting reductions in mortality in several locations are consistent with a decreased estimate for mortality. More accurate execution of WHO survey methods, including population-based sampling in representative locations. and repeat surveys every 5 years, are needed to monitor the progress of diarrhoeal disease control programmes and trends in diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality over time. C1 WHO,DIARRHOEAL DIS CONTROL PROGRAMME,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 67 TC 498 Z9 528 U1 2 U2 11 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 705 EP 714 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KK218 UT WOS:A1992KK21800004 PM 1486666 ER PT J AU DIETZ, VJ NIEBURG, P GUBLER, DJ GOMEZ, I AF DIETZ, VJ NIEBURG, P GUBLER, DJ GOMEZ, I TI DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES BY CLINICAL CASE DEFINITION IN DENGUE-ENDEMIC AREAS - IMPLICATIONS FOR MEASLES SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID VACCINE EFFICACY; FIELD-EVALUATION; EPIDEMIC AB In many countries, measles surveillance relies heavily on the use of a standard clinical case definition: however, the clinical signs and symptoms of measles are similar to those of dengue. For example. during 1985, in Puerto Rico, 22 (23%) of 94 cases of illnesses with rashes that met the measles clinical base definition were serologically confirmed as measles, but 32 (34%) others were serologically confirmed as dengue. Retrospective analysis at the San Juan Laboratories of the Centers for Disease Control showed also that at least 28% of all laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue in Puerto Rico in 1985 met the measles clinical case definition. If the true measles vaccine efficacy (VE) is assumed to be 90%, the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases that meet the measles clinical case definition results in a reduction of the apparent measles VE to only 64% (a 29% relative eduction from the true VE). The results of the study demonstrate the importance of a laboratory-based surveillance system in measles control or elimination efforts in dengue-endemic areas. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KK218 UT WOS:A1992KK21800009 PM 1486671 ER PT B AU SPIRA, TJ JONES, B IBEGBU, C LEE, F HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ AF SPIRA, TJ JONES, B IBEGBU, C LEE, F HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ BE HERZENBERG, LA HAUGHTON, G RAJEWSKY, K TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CD5+ AND CD5- B-CELLS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN-SECRETING CELLS (IGSC), AND CD4 T-CELLS IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION SO CD5 B CELLS IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CD5 B-CELLS IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE CY JUN 03-06, 1991 CL PALM BEACH GARDENS, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, NIAID, MARION MERRELL DOW, MERCK SHARP & DOHME RES LABS, SYNTEX RES RP SPIRA, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-89766-701-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1992 VL 651 BP 591 EP 593 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA BW41S UT WOS:A1992BW41S00085 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ AF RICE, RJ TI ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 59 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ422 UT WOS:A1992GZ42200016 PM 1551223 ER PT J AU TOROK, TJ WANG, QY GARY, GW YANG, CF FINCH, TM ANDERSON, LJ AF TOROK, TJ WANG, QY GARY, GW YANG, CF FINCH, TM ANDERSON, LJ TI PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS OF INTRAUTERINE INFECTION WITH PARVOVIRUS-B19 BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TECHNIQUE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HYDROPS FETALIS; B19 DNA; ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; APLASTIC CRISIS; PREGNANCY; HYBRIDIZATION; ANTIBODIES; GENOME; ASSAY; SERUM AB Human parvovirus B19 is a recently recognized cause of fetal hydrops and death. Efforts to characterize the natural history of fetal infection with this virus have been hampered by the lack of sensitive and specific tests for diagnosis in utero. Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the fetal infection status in 56 pregnancies by testing amniotic fluid, fetal serum, and maternal serum for B19 DNA and antibodies. Factors associated with a high risk of B19 infection were fetal disease, exposure to persons with erythema infectiosum, or signs or symptoms of acute B19 infection. Fifteen women (27%) were B19 IgM-positive, a status suggesting recent infection; the positivity of all of the corresponding fetal specimens for B19 DNA in the PCR was indicative of fetal infection. In four of these cases, serial ultrasonographic examinations documented spontaneous resolution of fetal hydrops. Twenty-four women (43%) were IgG-positive and IgM-negative; this pattern suggested prior infection. The PCR gave positive results, consistent with recent maternal infection, in four of these cases. Seventeen women (30%) were IgG-negative and IgM-negative, a pattern suggesting no prior infection; the PCR results in four cases were indicative of a possible early maternal infection or a possible atypical immune response. The PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for the diagnosis of intrauterine infection with human parvovirus B19 and promises to facilitate studies of the natural history and treatment of this infection. RP TOROK, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BLDG 7,ROOM B44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HD517 UT WOS:A1992HD51700023 PM 1571420 ER PT B AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL BE Clewell, HJ TI PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT - THE ATSDR PERSPECTIVE SO CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD): SCIENCE, POLICY, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD) - Science, Policy, and Practice CY APR 09-11, 1991 CL DAYTON, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, NAVAL MED RES INST, TOXICOL DETACHMENT, ARMY BIOMED RES & DEV LAB, NATL RES COUNCIL COMM TOXICOL C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONFERENCE GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PI CINCINNATI PA 6500 GLENWAY AVE, BLDG D-7, CINCINNATI, OH 45211 BN 0-936712-90-2 PY 1992 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BC41F UT WOS:A1992BC41F00007 ER PT B AU STAYNER, L AF STAYNER, L BE Clewell, HJ TI METHODOLOGIC ISSUES IN USING EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT SO CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD): SCIENCE, POLICY, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD) - Science, Policy, and Practice CY APR 09-11, 1991 CL DAYTON, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, NAVAL MED RES INST, TOXICOL DETACHMENT, ARMY BIOMED RES & DEV LAB, NATL RES COUNCIL COMM TOXICOL C1 NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONFERENCE GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PI CINCINNATI PA 6500 GLENWAY AVE, BLDG D-7, CINCINNATI, OH 45211 BN 0-936712-90-2 PY 1992 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BC41F UT WOS:A1992BC41F00009 ER PT B AU HERRICK, RF AF HERRICK, RF BE Clewell, HJ TI EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD): SCIENCE, POLICY, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD) - Science, Policy, and Practice CY APR 09-11, 1991 CL DAYTON, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, NAVAL MED RES INST, TOXICOL DETACHMENT, ARMY BIOMED RES & DEV LAB, NATL RES COUNCIL COMM TOXICOL C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONFERENCE GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PI CINCINNATI PA 6500 GLENWAY AVE, BLDG D-7, CINCINNATI, OH 45211 BN 0-936712-90-2 PY 1992 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BC41F UT WOS:A1992BC41F00010 ER PT B AU FALK, H AF FALK, H BE Clewell, HJ TI THE RISK OF RISK ASSESSMENT SO CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD): SCIENCE, POLICY, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD) - Science, Policy, and Practice CY APR 09-11, 1991 CL DAYTON, OH SP ARMSTRONG LAB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, TOXICOL DIV, NAVAL MED RES INST, TOXICOL DETACHMENT, ARMY BIOMED RES & DEV LAB, NATL RES COUNCIL COMM TOXICOL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDOUS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONFERENCE GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PI CINCINNATI PA 6500 GLENWAY AVE, BLDG D-7, CINCINNATI, OH 45211 BN 0-936712-90-2 PY 1992 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BC41F UT WOS:A1992BC41F00033 ER PT J AU CARTER, PH RESTORUIZ, S WASHINGTON, GC ETHRIDGE, S PALINI, A VOGT, R WAXDAL, M FLEISHER, T NOGUCHI, PD MARTI, GE AF CARTER, PH RESTORUIZ, S WASHINGTON, GC ETHRIDGE, S PALINI, A VOGT, R WAXDAL, M FLEISHER, T NOGUCHI, PD MARTI, GE TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF WHOLE-BLOOD LYSIS, 3 ANTICOAGULANTS, AND 5 CELL PREPARATIONS SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRACETIC ACID (EDTA); HEPARIN; ACD; ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; CELL VIABILITY ID LYMPHOCYTE AB We studied the effects of anticoagulants and cell preparation methods on lymphocyte forward-angle scatter (FSC), autofluorescence, and immunofluorescent staining for CD45, CD14, and CD13. Blood samples collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin, and acid citrate dextrose (ACD) were processed by using conventional Hypaque-Ficoll (HF) separation and four whole blood (WB) lysis techniques: Immuno-lyse, Q-Prep, FACS Lyse, and Gen Trak Lysis. Lymphocytes prepared by using three of the four whole blood methods gave FCS values comparable to those isolated by HF, while one method (FACS Lyse) gave consistently lower values. Autofluorescence values were comparable by all methods except Immuno-lyse, which showed consistently higher values in blood stored for 24 h with any anticoagulant. Immunofluorescent values for CD45-stained cells were quite consistent across all methods, and among the whole blood methods, FACS Lyse and Q-Prep uniformly gave the highest purity of CD45-positive cells in the lymphocyte light scatter gates. Additionally, propidium iodide (PI) analyses of CD45-stained whole blood, and analyzed without lysis, confirmed that ACD and heparin were superior to EDTA for maintaining viable leucocytes overnight. Future studies should focus on other commonly used reagents, a wide variety of abnormal samples, and cell viability. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FAST SYST INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. NIH,CC,CPD,CLIN IMMUNOL SERV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CARTER, PH (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL RES & EVALUAT,DIV BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 8 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1002/cyto.990130111 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA GX311 UT WOS:A1992GX31100009 PM 1372204 ER PT J AU MARGOLICK, JB SCOTT, ER CHADWICK, KR SHAPIRO, HM HETZEL, AD SMITH, SJ VOGT, RF AF MARGOLICK, JB SCOTT, ER CHADWICK, KR SHAPIRO, HM HETZEL, AD SMITH, SJ VOGT, RF TI COMPARISON OF LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPES OBTAINED SIMULTANEOUSLY FROM 2 DIFFERENT DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS ON THE SAME FLOW CYTOMETER SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Note DE IMMUNOCYTOMETRY; DATA ACQUISITION; DATA ANALYSIS; FLOW CYTOMETRY; T-CELL SUBSETS; NK CELLS; GAMMA-DELTA-T-CELLS; HIV AB Immunophenotyping of different lymphocyte populations was carried out in parallel on 113 consecutively received specimens of human peripheral blood using 2 different data acquisition and analysis systems (EPICS C and 4Cyte-Acmecyte) on the same flow cytometer (EPICS C). The phenotypes analyzed were CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ CD56+ CD16+ CD3-, TCR-gamma-delta+CD8-, and TCR-gamma-delta+CD8+. Both HIV- and HIV+ specimens were used for this study, including some with CD4 levels as low as 2% of all lymphocytes. Despite differences in gating procedures and shapes of bitmap (rectilinear vs. "amorphous"), the 2 methods agreed to within 2% positive cells in 97% of the cases. Although some statistically significant biases in the methods were observed, these were small and not biologically important. We conclude that both methods of data acquisition and analysis, as employed by experienced operators on the EPICS C flow cytometer, gave essentially equivalent results for lymphocyte sub-populations in peripheral blood preparations. C1 FABSCAL SYST INC,ATLANTA,GA 30357. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARGOLICK, JB (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI28748, AI72634, AI25326] NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1002/cyto.990130215 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA HC417 UT WOS:A1992HC41700014 PM 1547669 ER PT J AU KILBOURNE, EM AF KILBOURNE, EM TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - COMING TO GRIPS WITH A NEW ILLNESS SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; CLINICAL SPECTRUM; FASCIITIS; PERIMYOSITIS; MANIFESTATIONS; SCLERODERMA; NEURITIS RP KILBOURNE, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1992 VL 14 BP 16 EP 36 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF390 UT WOS:A1992KF39000002 PM 1289111 ER PT J AU KOHL, HW POWELL, KE GORDON, NF BLAIR, SN PAFFENBARGER, RS AF KOHL, HW POWELL, KE GORDON, NF BLAIR, SN PAFFENBARGER, RS TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL-FITNESS, AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LEISURE-TIME; VIGOROUS EXERCISE; ARTERY DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RHODE-ISLAND; RISK C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX 77025. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST AEROBICS RES,DIV EXERCISE PHYSIOL,DALLAS,TX 75230. STANFORD UNIV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP KOHL, HW (reprint author), INST AEROBICS RES,DIV EPIDEMIOL,12330 PRESTON RD,DALLAS,TX 75230, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL34174]; NIA NIH HHS [AG06945]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR39715] NR 92 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1992 VL 14 BP 37 EP 58 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF390 UT WOS:A1992KF39000003 PM 1289116 ER PT J AU GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE AF GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE TI UPDATE - THE UNITED-STATES MEASLES EPIDEMIC, 1989-1990 SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL POPULATION; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY RP GINDLER, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFORMAT SERV MS-E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1992 VL 14 BP 270 EP 276 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF390 UT WOS:A1992KF39000013 PM 1289115 ER PT J AU FINGERHUT, MA STEENLAND, K SWEENEY, MH HALPERIN, WE PIACITELLI, LA MARLOW, DA AF FINGERHUT, MA STEENLAND, K SWEENEY, MH HALPERIN, WE PIACITELLI, LA MARLOW, DA TI OLD AND NEW REFLECTIONS ON DIOXIN SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP FINGERHUT, MA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 3 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1097/00001648-199201000-00014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HB439 UT WOS:A1992HB43900014 PM 1554814 ER PT J AU OMNEPONTEN, M HOLMBERG, L BURNS, T ADAMI, HO BERGSTROM, R AF OMNEPONTEN, M HOLMBERG, L BURNS, T ADAMI, HO BERGSTROM, R TI DETERMINANTS OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOME AFTER OPERATION FOR BREAST-CANCER - RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE INTERVIEW STUDY FOLLOWING MASTECTOMY AND BREAST CONSERVATION SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTMENT; RADIOTHERAPY; ILLNESS; TRIAL AB In a prospective interview study, designed to compare the psycho-social outcome after a breast-conserving vs. a mastectomy operation, we analysed possible predictors of the psycho-social adjustment. 99 women with breast cancer histopathological TNM stages I and II were consecutively admitted to the study, Half-structured interviews, based on the Social Adjustment Scale and a scale by P. Maguire, were performed 4 and 13 months after the operation. Living together with the spouse seems to protect women from developing psycho-social problems postoperatively. Women who were gainfully employed or who were given radiotherapy had a higher risk of poor adjustment after 4 months. At 13 months, the scorings indicate that radiotherapy has a reassuring effect. Type of surgery was controlled for in the analysis and showed that, of the risk factors studied, the most consistent trend for an overall better outcome was in the breast-conserved group except for sexual disturbances. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCCDPHP,DCDCCI,CANC BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP K-52,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FALUN COLL HLTH PROFESS,FALUN,SWEDEN. ST GEORGES HOSP SCH,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT SURG,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT STAT,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 31 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PY 1992 VL 28A IS 6-7 BP 1062 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90457-D PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HY396 UT WOS:A1992HY39600017 PM 1627376 ER PT J AU MATAR, GM GAY, E COOKSEY, RC ELLIOTT, JA HENEINE, WM UWAYDAH, MM MATOSSIAN, RM TENOVER, FC AF MATAR, GM GAY, E COOKSEY, RC ELLIOTT, JA HENEINE, WM UWAYDAH, MM MATOSSIAN, RM TENOVER, FC TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN EPIDEMIC STRAIN OF ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII USING ELECTROPHORETIC TYPING METHODS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TYPING AB Nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii dramatically increased in a Lebanese medical center following an outbreak of hostilities in Lebanon in 1984. The incidence of infection caused by this organism has remained high in this institution, thus requiring the implementation of a strain typing system to aid in infection control. Three methods were investigated for their utility in differentiating among a representative group of 36 nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained over a 10 month period from specimens of hospitalized patients. Isolates were typed by antibiogram analyses, plasmid fingerprinting, and total cell protein profiles. Only three distinct total cell protein profiles were detected, with one pattern accounting for 26 (72.2%) of the isolates. However, eight different plasmid profiles were observed, with 20 (55.5%) isolates having the same profile. Eleven distinct antibiograms were seen with the most prevalent pattern occuring in 21 isolates. Twenty of the 21 (95%) isolates with the common antibiogram also had the same plasmid profile and total protein profile (44.4% of total isolates). The combination of these three typing methods was useful in tracing the spread of these organisms in the medical center. The data obtained suggest the distribution of a common strain among at least six wards of this hospital. RP MATAR, GM (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF02427385 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HD919 UT WOS:A1992HD91900002 PM 1572437 ER PT J AU TORAASON, M BREITENSTEIN, MJ WEY, HE AF TORAASON, M BREITENSTEIN, MJ WEY, HE TI REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION AMONG CARDIAC MYOCYTES BY HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; NEONATAL RAT; CELL COMMUNICATION; HEART; ANESTHETICS; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; TISSUES RP TORAASON, M (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90195-N PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HB794 UT WOS:A1992HB79400007 PM 1601210 ER PT J AU PARSONNET, J BLASER, MJ PEREZPEREZ, GI HARGRETTBEAN, N TAUXE, RV AF PARSONNET, J BLASER, MJ PEREZPEREZ, GI HARGRETTBEAN, N TAUXE, RV TI SYMPTOMS AND RISK-FACTORS OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION IN A COHORT OF EPIDEMIOLOGISTS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; C-PYLORI; GASTRITIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET ADM MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT,DENVER,CO 80220. NR 25 TC 286 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 102 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GX355 UT WOS:A1992GX35500008 PM 1727779 ER PT J AU TORRONI, A SCHURR, TG YANG, CC SZATHMARY, EJE WILLIAMS, RC SCHANFIELD, MS TROUP, GA KNOWLER, WC LAWRENCE, DN WEISS, KM WALLACE, DC AF TORRONI, A SCHURR, TG YANG, CC SZATHMARY, EJE WILLIAMS, RC SCHANFIELD, MS TROUP, GA KNOWLER, WC LAWRENCE, DN WEISS, KM WALLACE, DC TI NATIVE-AMERICAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT THE AMERIND AND THE NADENE POPULATIONS WERE FOUNDED BY 2 INDEPENDENT MIGRATIONS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BASE PAIR RECOGNITION; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PRIVATE POLYMORPHISMS; RESTRICTION ENZYMES; LENGTH MUTATIONS; DOGRIB INDIANS; SEQUENCE; JAPANESE; PLEISTOCENE; EVOLUTION AB Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 167 American Indians including 87 Amerind-speakers (Amerinds) and 80 Nadene-speakers (Nadene) were surveyed for sequence variation by detailed restriction analysis. All Native American mtDNAs clustered into one of four distinct lineages, defined by the restriction site variants: HincII site loss at np 13,259, AluI site loss at np 5,176, 9-base pair (9-bp) COII-tRNA(Lys) intergenic deletion and HaeII site grain at np 663. The HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages were observed exclusively in Amerinds and were shared by all such tribal groups analyzed, thus demonstrating that North, Central and South American Amerinds originated from a common ancestral genetic stock. The 9-bp deletion and HaeIII np 663 lineages were found in both the Amerinds and Nadene but the Nadene HaeIII np 663 lineage had a unique sublineage defined by an RsaI site loss at np 16,329. The amount of sequence variation accumulated in the Amerind HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages and that in the Amerind portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage all gave divergence times in the order of 20,000 years before present. The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000-10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds. The divergence times of both the Amerind and Nadene branches of the COII-tRNA(Lys) deletion lineage were intermediate between the Amerind and Nadene specific lineages, raising the possibility of a third source of mtDNA in American Indians. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,FAC SOCIAL SCI,OFF DEAN,LONDON N6A 5C2,ONTARIO,CANADA. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TEMPE,AZ 85281. ANALYT CENET TESTING CTR INC,DENVER,CO 80231. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NIDDK,DIABET & ARTHRISTIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,PHOENIX,AZ 85014. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HOST FACTORS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,GRAD PROGRAM GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP TORRONI, A (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR GENET & MOLEC MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Torroni, Antonio/E-1557-2011; Schurr, Theodore/A-1336-2007 OI Torroni, Antonio/0000-0002-4163-4478; NR 66 TC 356 Z9 366 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1992 VL 130 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GX543 UT WOS:A1992GX54300014 PM 1346260 ER PT J AU MOOPENN, WF HINE, TK JOHNSON, MH JUE, DL HOLLAND, S GEORGE, S PIERCE, AM MICHALSKI, LA MCDONALD, MJ AF MOOPENN, WF HINE, TK JOHNSON, MH JUE, DL HOLLAND, S GEORGE, S PIERCE, AM MICHALSKI, LA MCDONALD, MJ TI HB RANCHO MIRAGE [BETA-143(H21)HIS-]ASP] - A VARIANT IN THE 2,3-DPG BINDING-SITE SHOWING NORMAL OXYGEN-AFFINITY AT PHYSIOLOGICAL PH SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEMOGLOBIN; 2,3-DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE; SEPARATION; CHAINS AB Hb Rancho Mirage was detected in a 17-year-old male in association with a mild anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed the variant had a mobility between Hbs A and J on cellulose acetate (pH 8.6) and a mobility like Hb F on citrate agar (pH 6.4). A substitution of His --> Asp was found at position 143 in the beta-chain, a residue that contributes to the anionic 2,3-DPG binding site in Hb. This variant exhibited normal oxygen affinity at physiologic pH and reduced affinity at alkaline pH. This suggested a subtle shift in the allosteric equilibrium due most likely to the introduction of a negative charge that stabilized the 2,3-DPG pocket. Both homotrophic (heme-heme) and heterotropic (2,3-DPG and protons) effects were reduced; this might be a consequence of an alteration in the carboxyl terminal region of the beta-subunits. Although a His --> Asp substitution would be considered to cause reasonable disruption of the 2,3-DPG and C-terminal conformation of the beta- subunits, the properties of Hb Rancho Mirage suggest that, in fact, there appear to be no major perturbation of the critical C-terminal residues. C1 EISENHOWER MED CTR,RANCHO MIRAGE,CA 92270. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,BIOCHEM PROGRAM,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP MOOPENN, WF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 38456] NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.3109/03630269209005674 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA HH303 UT WOS:A1992HH30300005 PM 1634360 ER PT J AU BALLAS, SK PARK, D FERNANDEZ, L HINE, TK JUE, DL JOHNSON, MH MOOPENN, WF AF BALLAS, SK PARK, D FERNANDEZ, L HINE, TK JUE, DL JOHNSON, MH MOOPENN, WF TI ERYTHROCYTOSIS SECONDARY TO HB BUNBURY [ALPHA(2)BETA(2)94(FG1)ASP-]ASN] SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Note ID OXYGEN C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT HEMATOL,HALIFAX B3H 3G2,NS,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CELLULAR BIOL & BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BALLAS, SK (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,CARDEZA FDN HEMATOL RES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL38632] NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.3109/03630269208998869 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA HY207 UT WOS:A1992HY20700005 PM 1517105 ER PT J AU GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH AF GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH TI RESISTANCE TO IMIPENEM AMONG SELECTED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVES: Identification of imipenem resistance among selected gram-negative bacilli, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. METHODS: We analyzed 1986-1990 National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) data from 3,316 P aeruginosa isolates and 1,825 Enterobacter species isolates for which susceptibility results to imipenem were reported. RESULTS: For P aeruginosa, 11.1% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem; 16.1% were either intermediate-susceptible or resistant to the drug. A logistic regression model found that resistance was more common among P aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tract, patients in intensive care units, and in teaching hospitals. Additionally, resistance to imipenem increased by 25% in teaching hospitals from 1986-1988 to 1989-1990. For Enterobacter species, 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem; 2.3% were either intermediate-susceptible or resistant to the drug. However, imipenem resistance for these isolates did not differ between the two periods and was not more common in patients in an intensive care unit or infections at any specific site. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of resistance to imipenem is greater among P aeruginosa than among Enterobacter species. Resistance to imipenem among the P aeruginosa isolates is more common from strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit, from the respiratory tract, and from teaching hospitals. Resistance appears to be increasing among nosocomial P aeruginosa isolated in teaching hospitals. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20201. RP GAYNES, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,A-07,BLDG 3,ROOM B16A,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GZ076 UT WOS:A1992GZ07600002 PM 1545108 ER PT J AU MCCANCE, C AF MCCANCE, C TI MEDICAL SCREENING OF MIGRANTS - CURRENT NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LA English DT Discussion C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ORGANIZATION MIGRATION PI GENEVA 19 PA PO BOX 71, CH-1211 GENEVA 19, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-7985 J9 INT MIGR JI Int. Migr. PY 1992 VL 30 SI SI BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Demography SC Demography GA KL567 UT WOS:A1992KL56700016 ER PT J AU KAMB, ML MURPHY, JJ JONES, JL CASTON, JC NEDERLOF, K HORNEY, LF SWYGERT, LA FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM AF KAMB, ML MURPHY, JJ JONES, JL CASTON, JC NEDERLOF, K HORNEY, LF SWYGERT, LA FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME IN L-TRYPTOPHAN-EXPOSED PATIENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INGESTION AB Objectives. - To study the incidence of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, the risk factors associated with the syndrome, and the clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use in an exposed population. Design. - Retrospective cohort and nested case-control studies of risk factors for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome using inpatient and outpatient chart reviews, telephone interviews, and in-person patient interviews. Descriptive study of clinical course of L-tryptophan users. Setting. - Office practice of one psychiatrist based in a small city (population 43 467) in South Carolina. Patients. - Eligible subjects were all patients from the practice who used L-tryptophan during the 1989 study interval. Of these, 418 (87%) were interviewed. Main Outcome Measures. - Clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use, including definite and possible cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Results. - Among the 418 interviewed L-tryptophan users, we identified 47 definite cases (11%) and 68 possible cases (16%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, most of which involved patients who were using one retail brand of L-tryptophan (brand A). Among the 157 brand A users, we identified 45 definite cases (29%) and 36 possible cases (23%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and the risk for the syndrome increased as the brand A dose increased. Fifty percent (19 of 38) of those using more than 4000 mg/day developed definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and 84% (32 of 38) developed either definite or possible eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. On multivariate analysis, risk for definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome was associated with brand A dose and age of the patient; however, gender, race, and use of other medications were not associated with the syndrome. Conclusions. - These results suggest that many people exposed to the agent causing eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome may develop illness, and dose of presumably contaminated L-tryptophan is the single most important predictor of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. The broad range of signs and symptoms reported by patients using L-tryptophan illustrates that a strict case definition may identify only about half of those affected. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV DIS CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL,COLUMBIA,SC. RP KAMB, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAIL STOP E-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1001/jama.267.1.77 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GW848 UT WOS:A1992GW84800027 PM 1727200 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K AF STEENLAND, K TI PASSIVE SMOKING AND THE RISK OF HEART-DISEASE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; NONSMOKERS; VALIDATION; POPULATION AB Objective. - This paper reviews the evidence that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of heart disease death among persons who have never smoked (never-smokers). The annual number of heart disease deaths in the United States attributable to ETS is estimated, as is the individual risk of heart disease death for exposed never-smokers. Data Sources. - Nine epidemiologic studies and numerous experimental studies are available to evaluate the association of ETS and heart disease. Data Synthesis. - The relative risk for never-smokers living with current or former smokers, compared with never-smokers living with nonsmokers, has ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 in nine studies. Seven studies were positive, one was positive for women but not men, and one was negative. Several studies have shown a dose-response relationship.and have controlled for other risk factors. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that ETS can damage the cardiovascular system, via both short-term and long-term mechanisms. Assuming that the observed heart disease risk for those exposed to ETS is not an artifact of misclassification or confounding, approximately 35 000 to 40 000 deaths from ischemic heart disease among never-smokers and long-term former smokers are estimated to have occurred annually in the United States as a result of ETS exposure in the early 1980s. An individual male never-smoker living with a current or former smoker is estimated to have an approximately 9.6% chance of dying of ischemic heart disease by the age of 74 years, compared with a 7.4% chance for a male never-smoker living with a nonsmoker. The corresponding lifetime risks for women are 6.1 % and 4.9%. Conclusions. - The public health burden due to ETS exposure is likely to be much greater for heart disease than for lung cancer, which has been the focus of most debate to date. Individual lifetime excess risks of heart disease death due to ETS of one to three per 1 00 can be compared with much lower excess risks of one death per 100 000, which are often used in determining environmental limits for other toxins. Exposure to ETS is not currently regulated at the federal level, except f or domestic air traffic. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 44 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1001/jama.267.1.94 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GW848 UT WOS:A1992GW84800031 PM 1727204 ER PT J AU WOLFF, H MAYER, K SEAGE, G POLITCH, J HORSBURGH, CR ANDERSON, D AF WOLFF, H MAYER, K SEAGE, G POLITCH, J HORSBURGH, CR ANDERSON, D TI A COMPARISON OF HIV-1 ANTIBODY CLASSES, TITERS, AND SPECIFICITIES IN PAIRED SEMEN AND BLOOD-SAMPLES FROM HIV-1 SEROPOSITIVE MEN SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 ANTIBODIES; SEMEN; WESTERN BLOT ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FC RECEPTOR; HTLV-III; TRANSMISSION; CELLS; AIDS AB Twenty-eight paired blood and semen samples obtained from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive men at various stages of disease progression were evaluated for titer and immunoglobulin (Ig) class by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood antibody titers ranged from 40,000 to 4,000,000 with a median of 40,000. Semen titers ranged from 400 to 40,000 with a median of 400. HIV-1 antibody titers in matched semen and blood samples showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.963). The ratio of semen:blood titers ranged from 1:1000 to 1:10 with a median of 1:100. There was no correlation between blood or semen antibody titer and stage of disease of the patients. However, there was a trend toward higher (greater-than-or-equal-to 4000) semen antibody titers in men with evidence of genital tract inflammation (> 10(6) white blood cells/ml semen; 3/5 versus 5/23, p > 0.1 Fisher exact test). All HIV-1 antibodies detected were of the IgG class; no IgA or IgM class antibodies of titers greater-than-or-equal-to 40 were found in either blood or semen. Thirteen paired blood and semen samples from individual patients were analyzed for antibody specificity by Western blot. In some cases antibody profiles in semen were different from those in blood; strong antibody reactivity against the gp160 viral coat antigen band was consistently detected in semen and blood, whereas the prevalence of detectable antibody reactivity against the p55 and p17 HIV-1 antigen bands was significantly reduced in semen. Our data indicate that high titers of anti-HIV-1 antibodies of the IgG class are generally present in semen of HIV-1 seropositive men. These antibodies could influence the sexual transmission of HIV-1 through viral neutralizing or enhancing effects. C1 HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,FEARING RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH RES,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02215. MEM HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI25305] NR 19 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GW913 UT WOS:A1992GW91300011 PM 1738088 ER PT J AU BIAGINI, RE BERNSTEIN, DM KLINCEWICZ, SL MITTMAN, R BERNSTEIN, IL HENNINGSEN, GM AF BIAGINI, RE BERNSTEIN, DM KLINCEWICZ, SL MITTMAN, R BERNSTEIN, IL HENNINGSEN, GM TI EVALUATION OF CUTANEOUS RESPONSES AND LUNG-FUNCTION FROM EXPOSURE TO OPIATE COMPOUNDS AMONG ETHICAL NARCOTICS-MANUFACTURING WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPERSENSITIVITY; ASTHMA; MORPHINE; CODEINE; DIHYDROCODEINE; OXYCODONE; HYDROCODONE; ANTIBODIES; LUNG FUNCTION ID CELL SURFACE-RECEPTORS; MECHANISTIC IMPLICATIONS; ANTIGENIC MARKERS; MORPHINE; BRONCHOSPASM; HISTAMINE; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANTIBODIES; CODEINE; HEROIN AB We recently demonstrated morphine-6-hemisuccinate-human serum albumin conjugate (M-6-HS-HSA)-specific IgG in serum from ethic narcotics-manufacturing workers. In this article, we present results of epicutaneous tests to opiate compounds and lung-function studies in these same workers. Thirty-nine workers, exposed to opiates, were evaluated for possible work-related changes in lung function and were administered a questionnaire concerning opiate exposure and health history in February 1988. In December 1988, 33 employees with occupational exposure to opiates, six other workers (New Jersey referent) employed at the same factory with minimal exposure to opiate compounds, and 17 nonexposed individuals from Cincinnati, Ohio, were subjected to epicutaneous threshold testing with a panel of six opiate compounds and nine common aeroallergens. In opiate-exposed workers, significantly lower epicutaneous threshold concentrations were detected (compared to New Jersey referent and Cincinnati control subjects) for dihydrocodeine (p < 0.01), hydrocodone (p < 0.05), codeine (p < 0.01), and morphine (p < 0.05). Significant associates existed among epicutaneous threshold concentrations between the agents tested; that is, individuals with a positive morphine skin test would generally have a positive codeine skin test, etc. Atopic status (positive cutaneous test results to two or more of nine common aeroallergens) was not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with positive opiate skin sensitivity. Although the mean cross-shift decrements in FEV1 for all workers were nonsignificant, five opiate-exposed individuals demonstated cross-shift decrements in FEV1 of > 10%. Daily maximum-minus-minimum changes in workweek PEFR (PEFR(max-min)) were significantly reduced for Monday through Thursday (p < 0.05) compared to PEFR(max-min) changes during a nonwork, nonexposure 3-day weekend. Ten exposed workers demonstrated daily PEFR(max-min) changes of > 20%, suggesting acute airway obstruction. Increased cutaneous reactivity to opiate compounds among opiate-exposed workers may reflect development of pharmacologic hyperresponsiveness to opiate compounds. C1 HAZARDS EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV IMMUNOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP BIAGINI, RE (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH,IMMUNOCHEM RES SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(05)80047-8 PN 1 PG 11 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA GZ908 UT WOS:A1992GZ90800013 PM 1370509 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, R FORD, ES VARTIAINEN, E AF ROTHENBERG, R FORD, ES VARTIAINEN, E TI ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE PREVENTION - ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF INTERVENTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; INTERVENTION; POPULATION-BASED; TARGETED ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; CHOLESTEROL; TRIAL; MODEL; STRATEGY; DECLINE; DEATH AB The potential impact of ischemic heart disease intervention programs has usually been assessed using the dichotomy between those programs targeted to high risk groups and those that are population based, but this distinction does not adequately describe the spectrum of possibilities. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS), we assessed the effect of a spectrum of 27 potential interventions on mortality reduction and on an Intervention Index (defined as the number of persons whose risk must change to prevent one death). Using combinations of cholesterol reductions of 20% and decreases in the prevalence of smoking and hypertension of 50%, reductions in mortality varied from 1 to 27% and the Intervention Index varied from 26 to 520. A number of potential interventions were equivalent in their mortality reduction of their Intervention Indexes, despite their affecting differing proportions of the population. The Intervention Index provides some measure of the relative efficiency of programs and points to the comparability of different interventive approaches. In addition, this analysis suggests that the potential impact of intervention programs on mortality will be modest, but that a focus on certain subgroups, such as those aged 40-59 years, can achieve substantial results within those groups, even though the population effect would be minimal. C1 NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SF-00280 HELSINKI 28,FINLAND. RP ROTHENBERG, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90184-O PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HC402 UT WOS:A1992HC40200005 PM 1738008 ER PT J AU OHARA, CM RHODEN, DL MILLER, JM AF OHARA, CM RHODEN, DL MILLER, JM TI REEVALUATION OF THE API-20E IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL BIOCHEMICALS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE - A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PRODUCT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; MICROMETHOD AB The API 20E bacterial identification system has been used for 19 years, often as the standard with which other identification systems are compared. Because the accuracy of this system compared with conventional biochemical tests has not been determined in many years, we evaluated the API 20E linear strip by using 291 typical and atypical strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae taken from a culture collection. At 24 h, the API 20E correctly identified by genus and species 229 of 291 (78.7%) of the strains, using Salmonella and Shigella serotyping where indicated. At 48 h, 95.2% were correctly identified by using additional biochemical tests as recommended by the manufacturer. The API 20E misidentified eight (2.7%) strains; these strains were not limited to any particular genus. When 81 of these Enterobacteriaceae strains were arranged into a weighted assortment correlating to the frequency with which they might be found in a clinical laboratory, the API 20E correctly identified 71 (87.7%) at 24 h and 78 (96.3%) at 48 h. This evaluation concluded that the accuracy of the identification of Enterobacteriaceae strains at 24 h (78.7%) may be significantly lower than that of earlier evaluations. However, there is no significant difference in the ability of the API 20E to correctly identify "challenge" type organisms (229 of 291) versus routine hospital isolates (71 of 81) (P > 0.05), but the system is not as accurate as the conventional biochemical method of identification. RP OHARA, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GV355 UT WOS:A1992GV35500019 PM 1734043 ER PT J AU WOODS, TC HELSEL, LO SWAMINATHAN, B BIBB, WF PINNER, RW GELLIN, BG COLLIN, SF WATERMAN, SH REEVES, MW BRENNER, DJ BROOME, CV AF WOODS, TC HELSEL, LO SWAMINATHAN, B BIBB, WF PINNER, RW GELLIN, BG COLLIN, SF WATERMAN, SH REEVES, MW BRENNER, DJ BROOME, CV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-C BY MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS AND RIBOSOMAL DNA RESTRICTION PROFILES (RIBOTYPING) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER; INTERCONTINENTAL SPREAD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA; STRAINS; SEROTYPE; DISEASE; PROBE AB We compared multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and ribosomal DNA fingerprinting (ribotyping) for subtyping 44 strains of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C that were isolated in Los Angeles County, California, between December 1985 and July 1986. The isolates were divided into six enzyme types (ETs) by MEE, but 36 of the isolates were clustered in one ET, 3. The same isolates were divided into 17 ribotypes by use of restriction endonucleases ClaI, EcoRI, and XhoI. Twenty of the 36 ET 3 isolates were grouped in a single ribotype, J. The rate of infection with ribotype J strains was higher in the southern part of the study area than in the northern part. Isolates from each of eight pairs (each isolate pair was cultured from the same patient from the same or different sites) were found identical by MEE, but ribotyping revealed a difference in one pair. In this study, ribotyping showed a greater discriminating capacity than MEE for subtyping N. meningitidis serogroup C, but the epidemiologic relevance of this increased sensitivity needs further assessment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012. RP WOODS, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GV355 UT WOS:A1992GV35500021 PM 1734044 ER PT J AU CARLONE, GM FRASCH, CE SIBER, GR QUATAERT, S GHEESLING, LL TURNER, SH PLIKAYTIS, BD HELSEL, LO DEWITT, WE BIBB, WF SWAMINATHAN, B ARAKERE, G THOMPSON, C PHIPPS, D MADORE, D BROOME, CV AF CARLONE, GM FRASCH, CE SIBER, GR QUATAERT, S GHEESLING, LL TURNER, SH PLIKAYTIS, BD HELSEL, LO DEWITT, WE BIBB, WF SWAMINATHAN, B ARAKERE, G THOMPSON, C PHIPPS, D MADORE, D BROOME, CV TI MULTICENTER COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF ANTIBODY TO THE NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS GROUP-A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE MEASURED BY USING AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; LATEX AGGLUTINATION; BINDING ASSAY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIGENS; IMMUNIZATION; QUANTITATION; VACCINE AB There is no standard immunoassay for evaluating immune responses to meningococcal vaccines. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure total levels of antibody to Neisseria meningitidis group A capsular polysaccharide. Five laboratories measured the antibody levels in six paired pre- and postvaccination serum samples by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methylated human serum albumin was used to bind native group. A polysaccharide to microtiter plate surfaces. The between-laboratory coefficients of variation for pre- and postvaccination sera had ranges of 31 to 91 and 17 to 31, respectively. The mean laboratory coefficients of variation for pre- and postvaccination sera, respectively, were 17 and 11 (Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control), 12 and 15 (Immunodiagnostic Methods Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control), 22 and 19 (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), 38 and 38 (Bacterial Polysaccharide Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration), and 11 and 10 (Praxis Biologics, Inc.). Standardization of this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay should allow interlaboratory comparison of meningococcal vaccine immunogenicity, thus providing a laboratory-based assessment tool for evaluating meningococcal vaccines. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PRAXIS BIOL INC,ROCHESTER,NY 14623. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CARLONE, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GV355 UT WOS:A1992GV35500025 PM 1734048 ER PT J AU BAGGALEY, J SALMON, C SISKA, M LEWISHARDY, R TAMBE, PB JORGENSEN, C HARRIS, R JASON, J AF BAGGALEY, J SALMON, C SISKA, M LEWISHARDY, R TAMBE, PB JORGENSEN, C HARRIS, R JASON, J TI AUTOMATED EVALUATION OF AIDS MESSAGES WITH HIGH-RISK, LOW-LITERACY AUDIENCES SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION LA English DT Article AB A series of televised public service announcements (PSAs) about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was evaluated with 100 black participants attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. Since the literacy level of the participants was suspected to be low, questions were administered orally and an electronic data collection technique was used which permitted the participants to push buttons, as opposed to speaking or writing responses. In this way, data were collected regarding. (i) the participants' demographics; (ii) their self-perceived AIDS knowledge and awareness; and (iii) their second-by-second continuous responses to the video presentation. Participants who perceived themselves to be at high risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gave more positive continuous responses to the PSA sequence than did self-perceived low-risk participants. Men gave more approving responses than women. The results were considered in relation to previous findings concerning the interacting effects of PSA design and perceived risk. Debriefing sessions indicated that the automated approach to data collection is particularly useful in formative evaluation studies requiring rapid data collection from audiences drawn from diverse educational backgrounds. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FULTON CTY CLIN SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BAGGALEY, J (reprint author), CONCORDIA UNIV,DEPT EDUC,MONTREAL H3G 1M8,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0260-7417 J9 J EDUC TV JI J. Educ. Telev. PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA KA216 UT WOS:A1992KA21600002 ER PT J AU ACHTMAN, M KUSECEK, B MORELLI, G EICKMANN, K WANG, JF CROWE, B WALL, RA HASSANKING, M MOORE, PS ZOLLINGER, W AF ACHTMAN, M KUSECEK, B MORELLI, G EICKMANN, K WANG, JF CROWE, B WALL, RA HASSANKING, M MOORE, PS ZOLLINGER, W TI A COMPARISON OF THE VARIABLE ANTIGENS EXPRESSED BY CLONE-IV-1 AND SUBGROUP-III OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-A SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-CELL ELISA; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC; VACCINATION; EPITOPES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GONORRHOEAE; CARRIAGE; BLOCKING AB Serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis of subgroup III has caused two pandemics of meningococcal meninigitis since 1966 and recently spread to East Africa. The last epidemics in West Africa in the early 1980s were caused by clone IV-1. Surface antigens of clone IV-1 strains from West Africa and subgroup III strains from both pandemic waves were analyzed. Lipopolysaccharide was stable within clone IV-1 but variable in subgroup III. Pili from clone IV-1 possessed class I epitopes, while those from subgroup III also possessed class IIa epitopes. Certain class 5 protein variants were expressed by both bacterial clones, possibly reflecting either inheritance of primeval genes or horizontal transmission. Exposure of Gambians to clone IV-1 bacteria stimulated production of bactericidal antibodies cross-reactive with subgroup III bacteria in some individuals but of type-specific antibodies in others. Gambians without bactericidal antibodies usually became healthy carriers rather than developing meningococcal disease on exposure to virulent meningococci. C1 MRC,FAJARA,SENEGAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP ACHTMAN, M (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST MOLEC GENET,IHNESTR 73,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011; OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X; Achtman, Mark/0000-0001-6815-0070 NR 50 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GW582 UT WOS:A1992GW58200007 PM 1370175 ER PT J AU ONORATO, IM MCCRAY, E AF ONORATO, IM MCCRAY, E TI PREVALENCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING TUBERCULOSIS CLINICS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV AB In 1988-1989, surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was conducted in 20 clinics providing medical care for patients with suspected and confirmed tuberculosis (TB) in 14 cities. A total of 3077 specimens from consecutive patients were tested for HIV after patient identifiers were removed. The median clinic seroprevalence rate was 3.4%, (range, 0-46.3%). The highest rates were found in the Northeast and Atlantic coastal areas. Rates by clinic were highest for persons born in the United States (median, 11.2%) and in the Caribbean region (Haitians, 36%-40%, and Cubans, 16%). Most HIV-infected patients had pulmonary TB, but HIV infections were more frequent in patients with extrapulmonary TB than in pulmonary TB patients (19.8% vs. 10.2%, P < .0002). For US-born patients, rates did not differ by race or sex. These serosurveillance data indicate widespread HIV infection among TB patients and have important implications for clinical management of TB patients and for TB and AIDS prevention programs. Testing all HIV-infected persons and all TB patients for dual infection is essential to control the interrelated epidemics of AIDS and TB. RP ONORATO, IM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GW582 UT WOS:A1992GW58200011 PM 1727901 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM MAGRUDER, CH SHEARLOCK, KT SAUL, RA ALLRED, DP AJELLO, L AF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM MAGRUDER, CH SHEARLOCK, KT SAUL, RA ALLRED, DP AJELLO, L TI DISSEMINATED NOCARDIA-TRANSVALENSIS INFECTION - AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN IN SEVERELY IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECIPIENTS AB Nocardia infections are infrequently recognized in humans. Nocardia species may cause severe life-threatening infections among immunocompromised patients and have been reported to cause actinomycotic mycetomas, primarily in tropical areas. Two severely immunocompromised patients had disseminated N. transvalensis infections. One had underlying X-linked variant chronic granulomatous disease and died of disseminated N. transvalensis infection, which was diagnosed only at postmortem examination. The second patient developed N. transvalensis pneumonia within 3 months of undergoing renal transplantation and died of disseminated mixed Pseudallescheria boydii and N. transvalensis infections. Thus, N. transvalensis may cause invasive and potentially fatal pulmonary and disseminated infections. Accordingly, clinical microbiology laboratories should become proficient in identifying this uncommon aerobic actinomycete. C1 SELF MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,GREENWOOD,SC. SELF MEM HOSP,DEPT MED GENET,GREENWOOD,SC. SELF MEM HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,GREENWOOD,SC. BAPTIST HOSP,DEPT NEPHROL,PENSACOLA,FL. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 1 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GW582 UT WOS:A1992GW58200028 PM 1727888 ER PT J AU MCKELVEY, T ROTHSCHILD, M GIDEON, J BEASLEY, A GRESSEL, M AF MCKELVEY, T ROTHSCHILD, M GIDEON, J BEASLEY, A GRESSEL, M TI PROCESS HAZARDS REVIEW APPLIED TO THE USE OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA IN AGRICULTURE - AN EXAMPLE OF CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY FOR SMALL BUSINESS SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article DE PROCESS HAZARDS REVIEW; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; AGRICULTURE; HAZOP AB Process hazards review (PHR) techniques have generally been applied by large, sophisticated companies in the nuclear, aerospace, and chemical process industries. There remains, however, a large population of smaller distributors and consumers of hazardous materials which could benefit equally from the application of PHR. These consumers unfortunately are generally less sophisticated and individually lack the necessary resources required to apply such state-of-the-art safety techniques. Where common processes can be identified, it is possible to conduct a more generic PHR that will provide a sound technical basis for recognizing and preventing the development of hazards wherever these processes are used. Some facility-specific issues will always need to be considered, but the existence of the generic PHR should make the conduct of a PHR by each facility considerably easier and less costly. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) contracted with DNV Technica Inc. to lead a hazard and operability study (HAZOP) of agricultural handling of anhydrous ammonia, from the receipt of ammonia at the retail distribution centre to the application of the ammonia by farmers to the fields. The multidisciplinary HAZOP team consisted of representatives from NIOSH, an agricultural chemical trade association, an ammonia producer, state ammonia facility inspectors, a retail distributor, and an equipment manufacturer. Several participants were part-time farmers with ammonia application experience. Some specific aspects of applying the HAZOP technique in the context of this study, the findings obtained, and the plans to disseminate the important safety information developed during the course of the PHR are discussed. Finally, it is suggested that this approach could prove to be a useful addition to the product stewardship activities of chemical producers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MCKELVEY, T (reprint author), DNV TECHN INC,355 N CAMPUSVIEW BLVD,SUITE 170,COLUMBUS,OH 43235, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0950-4230(92)80032-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA JX122 UT WOS:A1992JX12200007 ER PT J AU LOTT, TJ MAGEE, PT BARTON, R CHU, W KWONCHUNG, KJ GRINDLE, S HOMMA, M IWAGUCHI, S KELLY, R LASKER, BA MARRINAN, J MONK, B KURTZ, MB PERLIN, D SCHERER, S SCHMIDT, D TANAKA, K AF LOTT, TJ MAGEE, PT BARTON, R CHU, W KWONCHUNG, KJ GRINDLE, S HOMMA, M IWAGUCHI, S KELLY, R LASKER, BA MARRINAN, J MONK, B KURTZ, MB PERLIN, D SCHERER, S SCHMIDT, D TANAKA, K TI THE MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF CANDIDA-ALBICANS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY CY JUN 24-28, 1991 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP INT SOC HUMAN & ANIM MYCOL ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE ATPASE; COLONY MORPHOLOGY; STELLATOIDEA; SEQUENCES; YEASTS C1 PUBL HLTH RES INST CITY NEW YORK INC,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NAGOYA UNIV,SCH MED,DIS MECHANISMS & CONTROL RES INST,MED MYCOL LAB,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. MERCK INST THERAPEUT RES,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT GENET & CELL BIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP LOTT, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1992 VL 30 SU 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KC681 UT WOS:A1992KC68100010 PM 1474462 ER PT J AU REISS, E HEARN, VM POULAIN, D SHEPHERD, MG AF REISS, E HEARN, VM POULAIN, D SHEPHERD, MG TI STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FUNGAL CELL-WALL SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY CY JUN 24-28, 1991 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP INT SOC HUMAN & ANIM MYCOL ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; DIAGNOSIS; RESIDUES C1 CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,MYCOL REFERENCE LAB,LONDON,ENGLAND. INSERM,U42,F-595650 VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. UNIV OTAGO,EXPTL ORAL BIOL UNIT,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. RP REISS, E (reprint author), NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Poulain, Daniel/C-8683-2014 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1992 VL 30 SU 1 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KC681 UT WOS:A1992KC68100015 PM 1474439 ER PT J AU KALISH, RA KNOPF, AN GARY, GW CANOSO, JJ AF KALISH, RA KNOPF, AN GARY, GW CANOSO, JJ TI LUPUS-LIKE PRESENTATION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARVOVIRUS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; ARTHRITIS; HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA ID ARTHROPATHY; MANIFESTATIONS; ADULTS AB The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a leading initial consideration in 2 patients with rash, arthritis and hypocomplementemia. One patient also had leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Spontaneous regression occurred. In both patients antinuclear antibodies were negative. Serologic studies indicated recent human parvovirus B19 infection. We propose adding human parvovirus B19 infection to the list of conditions that may masquerade as SLE. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,SCH MED,DIV RHEUMATOL IMMUNOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 169 EP 171 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA HF289 UT WOS:A1992HF28900034 PM 1556683 ER PT J AU LENGERICH, EJ TECLAW, RF MENDLEIN, JM MARIOLIS, P GARBE, PL AF LENGERICH, EJ TECLAW, RF MENDLEIN, JM MARIOLIS, P GARBE, PL TI PET POPULATIONS IN THE CATCHMENT-AREA OF THE PURDUE COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CANINE SPECIES; FELINE SPECIES; ONCOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID VETERINARY SERVICES; CALIFORNIA; OWNERSHIP; COUNTY; FELINE; CANINE; CAT AB Using a 1-stage random-digit dial telephone survey, we estimated the number of pet dogs and cats and cancer case ascertainment in the principal catchment area of an animal tumor registry in Indiana, the Purdue Comparative Oncology Program (PCOP). These findings will assist in the estimation of pet cancer incidence rates for the PCOP. The estimated canine and feline populations for Marion County were 144,039 (95% confidence interval, 121,555 to 166,523) and 94,998 (74,384 to 115,648), respectively. For Tippecanoe County (excluding university housing residences), the estimated canine population was 18,000 (14,445 to 21,555), whereas the estimated feline population was 17,165 (12,569 to 21,761). The estimated cancer case ascertainment was 88.3% (dogs, 92.5%; cats, 83.0%) with no statistically significant difference in the estimated ascertainment by county of residence or by species of pet. The amount that owners report themselves willing to pay for treatment of cancer in dogs or cats, however, differed in counties polled. This method's appropriateness for estimating pet populations in general and the validity of the data gathered were supported by response rate of 88.0% and by concurrence with census data for household characteristics previously documented to be associated with pet dog and cat ownership. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GX787 UT WOS:A1992GX78700006 PM 1537690 ER PT J AU MICHALEK, JE TRIPATHI, RC CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL AF MICHALEK, JE TRIPATHI, RC CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL TI INVESTIGATION OF TCDD HALF-LIFE HETEROGENEITY IN VETERANS OF OPERATION RANCH HAND SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; VIETNAM; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB The half-life of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the contaminant of Agent Orange, has been recently estimated in 36 members of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of Agent Orange in Vietnam, as 7.1 yr with a 90% confidence interval of 5.8-9.6 yr. We investigated the variability of TCDD half-life with percent body fat in these 36 Ranch Hand veterans who have two TCDD assay results from serum drawn in 1982 and 1987. Using a repeated measures linear model, we found a marginally significant change in half-life with percentage of body fat (p = .09) and no statistically significant change in half-life with relative changes in percentage of body fat from 1982 to 1987 (p = .60). C1 UNIV TEXAS,DIV MATH COMP SCI & STAT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78285. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MICHALEK, JE (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV EPIDEMIOL RES,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JAN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GZ878 UT WOS:A1992GZ87800004 PM 1728664 ER PT J AU AKOURY, DA JAMES, CD RAGAB, AH ZAKI, SR AF AKOURY, DA JAMES, CD RAGAB, AH ZAKI, SR TI RNA EXTRACTED FROM AIR-DRIED ARCHIVAL SMEARS IS AMENABLE TO ANALYSIS BY PCR AMPLIFICATION SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI James, Charles/E-2721-2012 OI James, Charles/0000-0002-1027-203X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600706 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE LAM, L HODGE, T SWAN, D ZAKI, SR AF AUSTIN, GE LAM, L HODGE, T SWAN, D ZAKI, SR TI ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIAS SHOW A CONSISTENT BASE SUBSTITUTION IN PUTATIVE REGULATORY DNA OF THE MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A75 EP A75 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600451 ER PT J AU BELLINI, WJ ROTA, JS GREER, PW ZAKI, SR AF BELLINI, WJ ROTA, JS GREER, PW ZAKI, SR TI MEASLES VACCINATION DEATH IN A CHILD WITH SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY - REPORT OF A CASE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A19 EP A19 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600547 ER PT J AU GERBER, M KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, M SAMPLINER, R MARGOLIS, H AF GERBER, M KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, M SAMPLINER, R MARGOLIS, H TI HISTOPATHOLOGY OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,SENTINEL CTY CHRON NONA NONB HEPATITIS STUDY TEAM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85721. VET ADM MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85723. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600582 ER PT J AU NELSON, AM NSIANGANA, Z STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MVULA, M MBALA, B OLEARY, T AF NELSON, AM NSIANGANA, Z STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MVULA, M MBALA, B OLEARY, T TI CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN ZAIRIAN WOMEN WITH HIV-1 AND HPV SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFIP,WASHINGTON,DC. MAMA YEMO HOSP,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A27 EP A27 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600166 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW COHEN, C AF ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW COHEN, C TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG - DETECTION OF A NOVEL PAPILLOMAVIRUS SEQUENCE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600705 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR PELLETT, P GREER, PW STAMEY, FR GOLDSMITH, C ALEXANDER, J MIN, KW AF ZAKI, SR PELLETT, P GREER, PW STAMEY, FR GOLDSMITH, C ALEXANDER, J MIN, KW TI HERPETIC LYMPHADENITIS DUE TO HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 IN A PATIENT WITH HODGKINS-DISEASE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600572 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR HENEINE, W COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW FOLKS, TM AF ZAKI, SR HENEINE, W COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW FOLKS, TM TI INTRACELLULAR INSITU PCR AMPLIFICATION AND DETECTION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPHIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) DNA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600571 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW AF ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW TI TRANSCRIPTION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-AMPLIFIED DNA FOR INSITU HYBRIDIZATION DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600570 ER PT J AU ROGERS, B SINGER, D GARY, W FIKRIG, M MAK, S TATTERSALL, P MCMILLAN, P AF ROGERS, B SINGER, D GARY, W FIKRIG, M MAK, S TATTERSALL, P MCMILLAN, P TI DETECTION OF PARVOVIRUS B19 IN EARLY SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS BY SEROLOGY, HISTOLOGY, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,PROGRAM DEV PATHOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. BROWN UNIV,PROGRAM MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RHODE ISL HOSP,CENT RES LABS,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YALE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP P8 EP P8 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HA276 UT WOS:A1992HA27600789 ER PT J AU MODAN, B AF MODAN, B TI THE QUANDARY OF EXPERIMENTAL CHEMOTHERAPY SO MEDICAL ONCOLOGY AND TUMOR PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article RP MODAN, B (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 0736-0118 J9 MED ONCOL TUMOR PHAR PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KJ338 UT WOS:A1992KJ33800001 PM 1341322 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE GYSIN, J AF COLLINS, WE GYSIN, J TI EXPERIMENTAL-MODELS IN PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Editorial Material C1 INST PASTEUR,CAYENNE,FRENCH GUIANA. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PY 1992 VL 87 SU 3 BP 399 EP 400 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA LE918 UT WOS:A1992LE91800068 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE AF COLLINS, WE TI SOUTH-AMERICAN MONKEYS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF MALARIAL VACCINES - A REVIEW SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Review DE MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; MONKEY; AOTUS; SAIMIRI; VACCINES ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; INDOCHINA I/CDC STRAIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; AOTUS MONKEYS; OWL MONKEYS; I STRAIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DIFFERENT ANOPHELINES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB South American Aotus and Saimiri monkeys, which are susceptible to infection with human malarias, have been used to develop models for the testing of human malaria vaccines. Studies indicate that blood-stage and sporozoite vaccines can be tested in these monkeys using appropriate strains of parasites. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PY 1992 VL 87 SU 3 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA LE918 UT WOS:A1992LE91800069 PM 1364203 ER PT J AU AIKAWA, M BROWN, AE SMITH, CD TEGOSHI, T HOWARD, RJ HASLER, TH ITO, Y COLLINS, WE WEBSTER, HK AF AIKAWA, M BROWN, AE SMITH, CD TEGOSHI, T HOWARD, RJ HASLER, TH ITO, Y COLLINS, WE WEBSTER, HK TI PLASMODIUM-COATNEYI-INFECTED RHESUS-MONKEYS - A PRIMATE MODEL FOR HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MALARIA AND BABESIOSIS CY AUG 13-17, 1991 CL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP FDN MARCEL MERIEUX, FUNDACAO NACL SAUDE, CONSELHO NACL DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENT & TECNOL, FINANCIADORA ESTUDOS & PROJETOS, FAO, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, BANCO BRASILEIRO DESCONTOS SA, COODENACAO APERFEICOAMENTO PESSOAL NIVEL SUPER, CARL ZEISS BRASIL, BRIT COUNCIL DE PLASMODIUM-COATNEYI; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; ANIMAL MODEL; PATHOLOGY; RHESUS MONKEYS; BRAIN ID PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CYTOADHERENCE; RECEPTOR; INVITRO AB Although several animal models for human cerebral malaria have been proposed in the past, none have shown pathological findings that are similar to those seen in humans. In order to develop an animal model for human cerebral malaria, we studied the pathology of brains of Plasmodium coatneyi (primate malaria parasite)-infected rhesus monkeys. Our study demonstrated parasitized erythrocyte (PRBC) sequestration and cytoadherence of knobs on PRBC to endothelial cells in cerebral microvessels of these monkeys. This is similar to the findings seen in human cerebral malaria. Cerebral microvessels with sequestered PRBC were shown by immunohistochemistry to possess CD36, TSP and ICAM-1. These proteins were not evident in cerebral microvessels of uninfected control monkeys. Our study indicates, for the first time, that rhesus monkeys infected with P. coatneyi can be used as a primate model to study human cerebral malaria. C1 ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,BANGKOK,THAILAND. DNAX RES INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP AIKAWA, M (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PY 1992 VL 87 SU 3 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA LE918 UT WOS:A1992LE91800075 PM 1343725 ER PT J AU LAL, RB HJELLE, B RUDOLPH, DL AF LAL, RB HJELLE, B RUDOLPH, DL TI SPONTANEOUS PROLIFERATION OF HTLV-II-INFECTED PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES - HLA-DR-DRIVEN, IL-2-DEPENDENT RESPONSE SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; MYELOPATHY; CYCLOSPORINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MODULATION AB Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from HTLV-II-infected persons (n=13) and cultured in the absence of exogenous stimulator demonstrated augmented spontaneous proliferation (17,672+/-5,498 cpm) when compared with cells from healthy donors (1,921+/-1,306 cpm). Removal of non-T population did not abrogate the proliferative response of patients' PBMC, suggesting that the proliferation is not related to the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Addition of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2; 0.1 U/ml) to spontaneously proliferating cultures from HTLV-II-infected persons resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in proliferation (61,985+/-16,003); in contrast, PBMC from controls demonstrated 38- to 42-fold increase in their proliferative capacity in response to rIL-2 (77,256+/-13,044). Antibodies to both IL-2 receptor and HLA-DR were able to inhibit the spontaneous proliferation of PBMC from HTLV-II-infected persons in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, addition of cyclosporin A, which preferentially blocks accumulation of IL-2 mRNA, also inhibited spontaneous proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that the spontaneous proliferation of HTLV-II-infected PBMC is at least in part an HLA-DR-driven, IL-2-dependent event, which is not analogous to the AMLR. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 1992 VL 36 IS 8 BP 865 EP 872 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA JP075 UT WOS:A1992JP07500009 PM 1474936 ER PT J AU SHI, YP ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM LAL, AA AF SHI, YP ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM LAL, AA TI SINGLE AMINO-ACID VARIATION IN THE OOKINETE VACCINE ANTIGEN FROM FIELD ISOLATES OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING ANTIBODIES; SEXUAL STAGE; GALLINACEUM; CANDIDATE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. INST EVANDRO CHAGAS FUNDACAO SESP,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 8 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA GW362 UT WOS:A1992GW36200016 PM 1542311 ER PT J AU SHANDERA, WX TORMEY, MP BLASER, MJ AF SHANDERA, WX TORMEY, MP BLASER, MJ TI AN OUTBREAK OF BACTEREMIC CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI INFECTION SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FETUS SUBSP-JEJUNI; ENTERITIS; CHICKEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; COLI AB During September 1980, an outbreak of bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni infection occurred in metropolitan Los Angeles. The outbreak was recognized when blood cultures obtained from 11 previously healthy persons with acute febrile illnesses (characterized in over 80% by fever, diarrhea, and headaches) were positive for C. jejuni. All recovered after an illness that lasted a mean of 8 days. A surveillance system failed to reveal a concomitant outbreak of gastroenteritis. Isolates had identical biochemical characteristics, susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial agents, and serotypes. Isolates from 2 patients were found to be susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal human serum. When bacteremic case-patients were matched with healthy controls, a significant association (p < 0.05, odds ratio 10) between illness and consumption of processed turkey was established. Although turkey was not available for culture, and processing of turkey theoretically destroys Campylobacter, turkey carcasses are known to be heavily contaminated with the pathogen. C1 UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,VET ADM MED CTR,MED SERV,DENVER,CO 80202. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL PI NEW YORK PA BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 59 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG243 UT WOS:A1992HG24300009 PM 1734239 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, EB YANKASKAS, BC CORDERO, JF SCHOEFFLER, K HAMPP, S STONE, K ARAL, S CORDERO, JF ALEXANDER, ER TILSON, H DAVIS, LG HURN, B AF ANDREWS, EB YANKASKAS, BC CORDERO, JF SCHOEFFLER, K HAMPP, S STONE, K ARAL, S CORDERO, JF ALEXANDER, ER TILSON, H DAVIS, LG HURN, B TI ACYCLOVIR IN PREGNANCY REGISTRY - 6 YEARS EXPERIENCE SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECLINICAL TOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY; TESTS; RATS AB The Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry was established to gather data on prenatal exposure to acyclovir. Exposed pregnancies are tracked prospectively to ascertain exposure, risk factors, and pregnancy outcome. Through June 30,1990, 312 acyclovir-exposed pregnancies had been reported and followed. Of these, 239 were exposed during the first trimester; outcomes included 24 spontaneous fetal losses, 47 induced abortions, 159 live births of infants without congenital abnormalities, and nine outcomes with congenital abnormalities. Among the 73 second- and third-trimester exposures, one infant was born with an abnormality. Exposures are also reported to the registry retrospectively, ie, after the outcome of pregnancy is known. Registry findings to date do not show an increase in the number of birth defects among the prospective reports when compared with that expected in the general population, and there is no consistent pattern of abnormalities among retrospective or prospective reports. These findings should provide some reassurance in counseling women following inadvertent prenatal exposure. The cases accumulated to date represent a sample of insufficient size for reaching reliable and definitive conclusions about the safety of acyclovir for pregnant women and their developing fetuses. Therefore, until further information is available, the Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry Advisory Committee recommends following the 1989 Centers for Disease Control Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines for the use of acyclovir in pregnancy, and encourages reporting of all prenatal exposures to the registry (1-800-722-9292, ext. 8465). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDREWS, EB (reprint author), BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,3030 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 11 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 79 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GX292 UT WOS:A1992GX29200003 PM 1727590 ER PT J AU GRIMES, DA SCHULZ, KF AF GRIMES, DA SCHULZ, KF TI RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS OF HOME UTERINE ACTIVITY MONITORING - A REVIEW AND CRITIQUE SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REQUIRING PROLONGED OBSERVATION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; PRETERM LABOR; INCREASED RISK; PREGNANCIES; DESIGN; PATIENT; BIRTH; CARE AB Home uterine activity monitoring has been proposed as an effective technique for reducing the incidence of preterm birth by early recognition of incipient labor. Five randomized controlled trials evaluating this technique have been published in peer review journals. As judged by accepted criteria for such trials, all have serious methodologic deficiencies. Four of the five trials demonstrated no significant benefit from this monitoring. Two other trials not published in peer review journals support the hypothesis that home uterine activity monitoring is no more effective than daily nursing contact. Until the efficacy of this technology has been established, home uterine activity monitoring should not be used clinically. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 79 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GX292 UT WOS:A1992GX29200028 PM 1727572 ER PT J AU ADES, EW HOOPER, C PRUCKLER, JM AF ADES, EW HOOPER, C PRUCKLER, JM TI CYTOREDUCTIVE THERAPY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA - NEGATIVE REGULATION OF GROWTH USING COMBINATION DIFFERENTIATION THERAPY SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; COMBINATION THERAPY; TGF-B1 ID HEXAMETHYLENE BISACETAMIDE; INDUCTION AB In vitro studies of the mouse erythroleukemia cell system have identified at least 300 agents capable of inducing differentiation by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. We have recently begun to examine recombinant cytokines as possible agents in inducing differentiation of tumor cells, specifically, malignant cells resistant to cytotoxic drugs. One such cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B1), is a multifunctional peptide that exists in at least five different isoforms in vertebrate species. Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the role of TGF-B1 as an important multifunctional growth regulator that induces cells of mesenchymal origin to divide while inhibiting the growth of nontransformed epithelial cells. In this study, we combined the effects of the differentiation agent hexamethylene bisacetamide and the inhibiting effects of TGF-B1 on a multidrug-resistant human liver hepatocellular carcinoma and demonstrated the synergistic interaction of these two agents; this synergy resulted in a cell death rate of 80%. These data support the concept of programmed cell death and suggest that drug-resistant tumor cells may be susceptible to the combination of cytokines and differentiating agents. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,CELLULAR BIOL & BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ADES, EW (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1159/000163696 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA HB319 UT WOS:A1992HB31900008 PM 1311933 ER PT J AU JONES, DS BYERS, RH BUSH, TJ OXTOBY, MJ ROGERS, MF AF JONES, DS BYERS, RH BUSH, TJ OXTOBY, MJ ROGERS, MF TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1981 THROUGH 1989 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; TRANSFUSION; TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID INCUBATION PERIOD; AIDS; BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; HIV AB From 1981 through 1989, 212 cases of transfusion-associated (TA) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. In a study of the epidemiology of pediatric TA AIDS, this group was compared with perinatally acquired (PA) and adult TA AIDS cases. The number of pediatric TA AIDS cases reported each year began to stabilize in 1988 and declined 41% in 1989. Reported adult TA AIDS cases continued to increase by 33% in 1988 and declined by 15% in 1989. The number of reported PA cases has continued to increase each year. Seventy percent of the children with TA AIDS were transfused in their first year of life. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years (range 0.3 to 12.8 years) compared with a median age at diagnosis of 1 year (range 0.1 to 12.9 years) in the PA cases. Using a nonparametric estimation procedure for truncated data, the estimated incubation period from time of infection to diagnosis of AIDS was longer for pediatric TA AIDS cases than PA cases (median, 3.5 years vs 1.75 years) but shorter than for adult TA cases (median, 4.5 years). The median survival after diagnosis of TA AIDS in children did not differ from that in PA cases (13.7 vs 14.3 months) but was longer than in adult TA cases (5.6 months P < .01). The decline in the reported incidence of pediatric and adult TA AIDS cases reflects the effects of donor deferral and donor screening for human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, new AIDS cases will continue to be diagnosed among children transfused between 1978 and 1985 because of the long incubation period of the disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GY514 UT WOS:A1992GY51400024 PM 1727995 ER PT J AU ERSTAD, BL WITTE, CL TALKINGTON, DF AF ERSTAD, BL WITTE, CL TALKINGTON, DF TI TOXIC SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review ID A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS AB Invasive group A streptococcal infection has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. We cared for a man with the full-blown syndrome in whom many features of toxic shock syndrome were present, including profound hypotension and renal failure. The diagnostic similarities of toxic shock syndrome and the toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group A Streptococcus could have led to inappropriate treatment. Successful therapy in our patient included high doses initially of broad-spectrum antibiotics, repeated operative debridement of the lower leg (the affected limb), and ultimately, reconstructive surgery consisting primarily of split-thickness skin grafts. The reemergence of invasive streptococcal infections may relate to changes either in virulence factors of the causative streptococcus or in exotoxins elaborated by this microorganism. A causative relationship between an exotoxin produced by group A Streptococcus and the toxic shock-like syndrome has not yet been established. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,DEPT SURG,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ERSTAD, BL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOX 806 171 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HE998 UT WOS:A1992HE99800003 PM 1549535 ER PT J AU UGELSTAD, J BERGE, A ELLINGSEN, T SCHMID, R NILSEN, TN MORK, PC STENSTAD, P HORNES, E OLSVIK, O AF UGELSTAD, J BERGE, A ELLINGSEN, T SCHMID, R NILSEN, TN MORK, PC STENSTAD, P HORNES, E OLSVIK, O TI PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF NEW MONOSIZED POLYMER PARTICLES SO PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-BONE-MARROW; T-CELL DEPLETION; AMPLIFIED DNA-SEQUENCES; COATED MAGNETIC BEADS; VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; B-LYMPHOMA CELLS; DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; LYMPHOCYTES-T; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION C1 UNIV TRONDHEIM,IND CHEM LAB,TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,N-0033 OSLO 1,NORWAY. DYNAL AS,OSLO 2,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP UGELSTAD, J (reprint author), SINTEF,N-7034 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NR 233 TC 385 Z9 414 U1 3 U2 103 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6700 J9 PROG POLYM SCI JI Prog. Polym. Sci. PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 87 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0079-6700(92)90017-S PG 75 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HZ544 UT WOS:A1992HZ54400003 ER PT J AU FUCHS, R LEVINSON, RM HEATH, GW WHEELER, FC AF FUCHS, R LEVINSON, RM HEATH, GW WHEELER, FC TI THE ROLE OF FAMILY HISTORY OF DISEASE AND PERSONAL MORBIDITY IN EATING BEHAVIOR SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE FAMILY HISTORY; HYPERTENSION; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PERCEIVED MORBIDITY; VULNERABILITY; EATING BEHAVIOR; DETERMINANTS ID PROTECTION-MOTIVATION THEORY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PARENTAL HISTORY; RISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERCEPTIONS; COMPONENTS AB This study investigates the role of perceived personal morbidity and perceived family history of disease as possible determinants of eating habits. Two parallel models were examined: Model A focused on the effects of personal hypercholesterolemia and family history of heart disease on fat/cholesterol consumption; Model B focused on the effects of personal hypertension and family history of hypertension on salt intake. Using cross-sectional data, each model was tested in two age groups: 18-50 years (n almost-equal-to 2400) and >50 years (n almost-equal-to 1500). In both models and in both age groups, analyses of covariance revealed a significant main effect of perceived personal morbidity (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension), but a nonsignificant main effect of perceived family history of disease (heart disease, hypertension). In both models, however, a significant interaction between family history and personal morbidity was noted among persons 18-50 years of age. Overall, the results suggest that perceived personal morbidity may play a dual role in the motivational process that leads to the adoption or maintenance of dietary patterns. First, it is likely to be an independent determinant of eating habits, and second, among younger people, it may also be a moderator of the behavioral effects of perceived family disease history. Awareness of a family disease history alone, however, seems to have no impact on diet. It is concluded that for younger people with personal morbidity, calling attention to a family history of disease may be an effective intervention to stimulate changes in eating habits. C1 FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST PSYCHOL WE 7,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0887-0446 J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH JI Psychol. Health PY 1992 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1080/08870449208404291 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA KB937 UT WOS:A1992KB93700001 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE IN NATURAL DISASTERS SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ACUTE RENAL FAILURE AT CHAPEL HILL : FACTORS AFFECTING SEVERITY OF INJURY AND RECOVERY OF FUNCTION CY OCT 02-04, 1991 CL UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL, CHAPEL HILL, NC SP UNIV N CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, SCH MED, UNIV N CAROLINA, CTR EXCELLENCE NEPHROL, UNIV N CAROLINA, OFF CONTINUING MED EDUC, INT SOC NEPHROL, COMMISS ACUTE RENAL FAILURE HO UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL AB Sudden-impact natural disasters such as earthquakes present a serious challenge to medical personnel in both developed and less developed countries. Crush syndrome with acute renal failure has been identified as a major medical complication that occurs among people whose limbs are trapped by heavy objects during natural disasters such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. Rescue and field medical teams should be trained to recognize and promptly treat the problems associated with prolonged limb compression and should carry the appropriate fluids and medications to treat the complications of traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Early, aggressive volume replacement followed by forced solute-alkaline diuresis therapy may protect the kidney against acute renal failure. Better epidemiologic knowledge of the specific disaster conditions that predispose traumatic rhabdomyolysis to develop is clearly essential for those who must determine when emergency dialysis services are required in response to injuries sustained during natural disasters. Disaster health care personnel involved with providing emergency acute renal care should have a basic familiarity with disaster epidemiology in order to determine whether a given event requires their intervention. This paper includes recommendations for improving medical planning, preparedness, and response to natural disasters that cause acute renal failure. RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.3109/08860229209106625 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA JE786 UT WOS:A1992JE78600004 PM 1509156 ER PT J AU LYNCH, DW SCHULER, RL DAVIS, DG HOOD, RD AF LYNCH, DW SCHULER, RL DAVIS, DG HOOD, RD TI EYE ABNORMALITY IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER EXPOSED TO 5-FLUOROURACIL DURING DEVELOPMENT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note DE DROSOPHILA SCREENING TEST; 5-FLUOROURACIL-INDUCED EYE ABNORMALITY; 5-FU; FRUIT FLY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; TERATOGENESIS C1 UNIV ALABAMA,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35401. RP LYNCH, DW (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH C23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-85-2828] NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 263 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90182-S PG 3 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA HV379 UT WOS:A1992HV37900009 PM 1591484 ER PT J AU CHAPIN, RE FILLER, RS GULATI, D HEINDEL, JJ KATZ, DF MEBUS, CA OBASAJU, F PERREAULT, SD RUSSELL, SR SCHRADER, S SLOTT, V SOKOL, RZ TOTH, G AF CHAPIN, RE FILLER, RS GULATI, D HEINDEL, JJ KATZ, DF MEBUS, CA OBASAJU, F PERREAULT, SD RUSSELL, SR SCHRADER, S SLOTT, V SOKOL, RZ TOTH, G TI METHODS FOR ASSESSING RAT SPERM MOTILITY SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTERIZED SEMEN ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS; SPERMATOZOA; EXPOSURE; ALBUMIN; SYSTEM; TIME AB Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems are becoming more widely used. With this spread of technology come more data from toxicology studies, designed to determine if treatment with putative toxicants affects sperm motion parameters. While these CASA methods provide us with more ways to evaluate toxicity and thus perhaps increase our chances of successfully protecting human health, there is also a greater likelihood that different laboratories will use different methods of collecting data on sperm motility. Different systems used with different methods in different laboratories will inevitably generate data that are difficult to compare. In a prospective attempt to address this issue of comparability and limit the problems, a group of individuals using CASA systems to analyze rat sperm motility convened to discuss methodologic issues, share data, and try to reach a consensus about methods for performing these studies. This article shares those meetings and data in the hope that common methods will enhance interlaboratory comparisons. C1 AMER CYNAMID CO,DIV MED RES,PEARL RIVER,NY. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,LEXINGTON,KY. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. DUPONT CO,HASKELL LABS,NEWARK,DE. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES CTY HARBOR MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,TORRANCE,CA 90509. ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,CINCINNATI,OH. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP CHAPIN, RE (reprint author), NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90183-T PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA HV379 UT WOS:A1992HV37900010 PM 1591485 ER PT J AU SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE CLEGG, ED DAVIS, RO FOURCROY, JL KATZ, DF ROTHMANN, SA TOTH, G TURNER, TW ZINAMAN, M AF SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE CLEGG, ED DAVIS, RO FOURCROY, JL KATZ, DF ROTHMANN, SA TOTH, G TURNER, TW ZINAMAN, M TI LABORATORY METHODS FOR ASSESSING HUMAN SEMEN IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES - A CONSENSUS REPORT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPERM MOTILITY; INVITRO; WORKERS; MOTION C1 NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,ANDROL LAB,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,SPERM BANK,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP SCHRADER, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,MS-C23,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90184-U PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA HV379 UT WOS:A1992HV37900011 PM 1591486 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS WRIGHT, DM SCHRADER, SM CHIN, NW KRIEG, EF AF KESNER, JS WRIGHT, DM SCHRADER, SM CHIN, NW KRIEG, EF TI METHODS OF MONITORING MENSTRUAL FUNCTION IN FIELD STUDIES - EFFICACY OF METHODS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MENSTRUAL FUNCTION; WOMAN; FIELD STUDY; VAGINAL MUCOUS AND SALIVARY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE; TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ENDOCRINE MEASURES; BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE; CERVICAL MUCUS ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; DIRECT RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; LH SURGE; OVULATION; PROGESTERONE; SALIVARY; TIME; REPRODUCTION; CYCLE AB Efficacy of methods for monitoring female reproductive potential under field study conditions was evaluated. Women (n = 10) were recruited to participate for two menstrual cycles on the bases, in part, of not seeking fertility assistance, working full-time but not in the medical field, and having less than one year of college education. Luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were measured in daily morning urine and normalized to creatinine concentrations. These urinary measures were parallel to serum LH, estradiol, and progesterone profiles. Based on these urinary measures, 6 of 19 cycles were judged to be atypical. Transvaginal ultrusonography provided insights into ovarian activity during the atypical cycles. Of 13 LH surges detected by radioimmunoassay, 7 were not detected by a semiquantitative dipstick (OvuSTICK), perhaps due to that method's sensitivity to loss of LH immunoactivity caused by sample freezing. While intervals from salivary and vaginal mucous electrical resistance signals to the LH surge during typical cycles were similar to those reported previously, they were not predictive of ovulatory status during atypical cycles. Fifty-three percent of the cycles were misclassified on the basis of the basal body temperature rise. Cervical mucous color, amount, and consistency were not predictive of ovulation under these study conditions. The results from these 19 menstrual cycles provide information about the efficacy of various methods for characterizing menstrual function under field study conditions. In this regard, urinary endocrine measures are the most informative or practical. C1 BETHESDA HOSP,BETHESDA FERTIL CTR,CINCINNATI,OH. RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 385 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90002-B PG 16 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA JT887 UT WOS:A1992JT88700002 PM 1463919 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, DM KESNER, JS SCHRADER, SM CHIN, NW WELLS, VE KRIEG, EF AF WRIGHT, DM KESNER, JS SCHRADER, SM CHIN, NW WELLS, VE KRIEG, EF TI METHODS OF MONITORING MENSTRUAL FUNCTION IN FIELD STUDIES - ATTITUDES OF WORKING WOMEN SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FIELD STUDIES; TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE; MANUAL CERVICAL MUCOUS EXAM; VAGINAL MUCOUS AND SALIVARY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE; URINE; SALIVA; BLOOD ID VAGINAL ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; URINARY LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; SALIVARY FLOW-RATE; CONFIRMING OVULATION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; CERVICAL-MUCUS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; PROGESTERONE; LIMITATIONS AB This study was designed to determine the attitudes and compliance of working women toward methods being evaluated for use in the assessment of the effects of toxicants on reproductive potential. Women such as the highly motivated fertility patients and nurses, who are typically familiar with the methods and procedures of fertility assessment and the value of medical research, have been used to validate such methods in a clinical setting. However, the attitudes of a general working female population toward these methods are unknown. Nine participants were selected on the bases, in part, of not seeking fertility assistance, working full-time but not in the medical field, and having less than one year of college education. Attitudes were also evaluated for 193 nonparticipating women to whom the procedures had been verbally described. Participants measured basal body temperature and salivary and vaginal mucous electrical resistance, evaluated cervical mucus manually (CME), and collected the first morning urine for two menstrual cycles. Blood, saliva, and transvaginal ultrasonograms (US) were obtained at a fertility clinic 6 to 9 days per cycle. Participants brought urine to the laboratory every 3 days. All participants performed all methods. Participants were paid $400; nonparticipants were not compensated. Only 3% of the respondents objected to the proposed methods: principally to CME, US, and giving blood samples. No respondent perceived the study as unimportant. At the end of the study, participants judged US (50%), CME (20%), and saliva collection (20%) as "uncomfortable"; 20% of the participants were "reluctant" to perform the CME. More than 99% of samples were obtained, 82% at the correct time. Participants rated "contribution to science/society" (100%), "payment" (100%), and "interesting thing to do" (90%) as important reasons to participate. Results suggest that working women from a general population recognize the importance of occupational reproductive assessments and may serve as willing, compliant participants in such studies. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. BETHESDA HOSP,BETHESDA FERTIL CTR,CINCINNATI,OH. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90003-C PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA JT887 UT WOS:A1992JT88700003 PM 1463920 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JC GARDNER, H HORAN, M AF DESENCLOS, JC GARDNER, H HORAN, M TI MASS SOCIOGENIC ILLNESS IN A YOUTH CENTER SO REVUE D EPIDEMIOLOGIE ET DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article DE MASS PSYCHOGENIC ILLNESS; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; CHILD; ADOLESCENT AB In July, 1989, 63 (42 %) of 150 children ages 4-14 years attending an outreach program at a youth center in Florida, but no employees, developed acute and rapidly resolving upper gastrointestinal symptoms 2 to 40 minutes after a prepackaged lunch. All ill children were sent to 3 local hospital emergency departments for evaluation. However, clinical evaluation was normal for all. Of 102 children who ate any prepackaged foods, 48 (47 %) became ill compared to 1/19 (5 %) for children who did not eat (rate ratio [RR] = 8.9; 95 % confidence interval [CI] : 1.3-60.9). No employees ate any of the food items served. Consumption of sandwiches was associated with a moderate increased risk of illness (RR = 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.0-2.9). The attack rate did not differ by age, but was greater for girls (39/56, 70 %) than for boys (9/46, 20 %; [RR = 3.6, 95 % CI: 1. 9-6.6]). Over 3,000 similar prepackaged meals from the same caterer were served in the same area of Florida that day. An inquiry in the area documented absence of similar symptoms elsewhere. Unopened meal samples tested negative for pesticide residues, heavy metals, staphylococcal toxin, or Bacillus cereus. We diagnosed the outbreak as mass sociogenic illness. Complaints of a bad tasting sandwich by the index case and possible staff anxiety about food poisoning may have contributed to the developement of the outbreak. RP DESENCLOS, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0398-7620 J9 REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE JI Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW183 UT WOS:A1992JW18300008 PM 1439062 ER PT J AU MELBYE, H BERDAL, BP STRAUME, B RUSSELL, H VORLAND, L THACKER, WL AF MELBYE, H BERDAL, BP STRAUME, B RUSSELL, H VORLAND, L THACKER, WL TI PNEUMONIA - A CLINICAL OR RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS - ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL-FEATURES OF LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION IN ADULTS IN GENERAL-PRACTICE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE BRONCHITIS; ACUTE COUGH; ASTHMA; ASSOCIATION AB Etiology and clinical manifestations have been studied in 153 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and the results are presented according to clinical and radiographic diagnosis. Laboratory investigations revealed that bacterial infection, mycoplasma and chlamydia included, occurred as often in 22 patients whose clinical diagnoses of pneumonia were not evident radiographically, as in 20 patients with radiographic pneumonia. In the latter group significantly higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were demonstrated. The most common pathogen was influenzavirus A, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was found in 3 patients with radiographic pneumonia. The study supports the traditional view that patients with a positive chest radiograph as a rule present more serious manifestations of lower respiratory tract pathology than patients with a normal radiograph. However, as only 1/9 patients with pneumococcal infection and 2/7 with mycoplasmal infection had radiographic evidence of pneumonia, radiography alone did not seem to offer sufficient information for selecting patients for antibacterial therapy. C1 UNIV TROMSO,INST MED BIOL,N-9037 TROMSO,NORWAY. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CDC,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV TROMSO HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,N-9012 TROMSO,NORWAY. RP MELBYE, H (reprint author), UNIV TROMSO,INST COMMUNITY MED,N-9037 TROMSO,NORWAY. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 1992 VL 24 IS 5 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.3109/00365549209054652 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JZ704 UT WOS:A1992JZ70400013 PM 1465584 ER PT J AU KAPPERUD, G LASSEN, J OSTROFF, SM AASEN, S AF KAPPERUD, G LASSEN, J OSTROFF, SM AASEN, S TI CLINICAL-FEATURES OF SPORADIC CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS IN NORWAY SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS; JEJUNI; ENTERITIS; COLI; RESISTANCE; MEDIA AB To assess risk factors and clinical impact of campylobacteriosis in Norway, a case-control study of sporadic cases of infection with thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. was conducted. This report describes: (1) the frequency and duration of signs and symptoms, antimicrobial treatment, hospitalization, and faecal carriage among the study patients; (2) diarrhoeal illness and campylobacter carriage among their household members; and (3) antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among bacterial isolates. A total of 135 patients with bacteriologically confirmed campylobacter infection were enrolled in the study. Of these, 58 (43%) were domestically acquired while 77 (57%) were acquired abroad. If the study enrollees are representative of the cases reported to the national surveillance system, the reported infections led to an estimated annual average of at least 8590 days of illness, 78 admissions to hospital, 329 days of hospital stay, 2236 days lost at work or at school, 1000 physician consultations, and 96 antimicrobial prescriptions among the 4.2 million Norwegians. Convalescent carriage or campylobacter was detected in 16% of the patients who submitted follow-up stool specimens; the organism was carried for a mean of 37.6 days (median 31, range 15-69) after the onset of illness. Antimicrobial treatment appeared to have reduced the likelihood of carriage once symptoms had resolved. Diarrhoeal illness was more commonly reported in members of case households than control households (OR = 5.44, p < 0.0001). Cases were more likely than controls to report antecedent recurrent diarrhoea (OR = 6.00, p = 0.034). Two cases of neonatal infection, probably acquired from the mother at the time of delivery, were detected. Resistance against tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was more common among strains acquired in foreign countries than among domestic strains. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT INFECT DIS CONTROL,N-0462 OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAPPERUD, G (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT BACTERIOL,GEITMYRSVEIEN 75,N-0462 OSLO,NORWAY. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.3109/00365549209062459 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA KH079 UT WOS:A1992KH07900008 PM 1287808 ER PT J AU HURRELL, JJ LINDSTROM, K AF HURRELL, JJ LINDSTROM, K TI COMPARISON OF JOB DEMANDS, CONTROL AND PSYCHOSOMATIC COMPLAINTS AT DIFFERENT CAREER STAGES OF MANAGERS IN FINLAND AND THE UNITED-STATES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SF-00290 HELSINKI 29,FINLAND. RP HURRELL, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500003 PM 1514064 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, K HURRELL, JJ AF LINDSTROM, K HURRELL, JJ TI COPING WITH JOB STRESS BY MANAGERS AT DIFFERENT CAREER STAGES IN FINLAND AND THE UNITED-STATES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP LINDSTROM, K (reprint author), INST OCCUPAT HLTH,LAAJANIITYNTIE 1,SF-01620 VANTAA,FINLAND. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 14 EP 17 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500004 PM 1514074 ER PT J AU DAVISKING, KE SWEENEY, MH WILLE, KK STEENLAND, K AREZZO, JC AF DAVISKING, KE SWEENEY, MH WILLE, KK STEENLAND, K AREZZO, JC TI REFERENCE VALUES FOR AMPLITUDES AND CONDUCTION VELOCITIES OBTAINED FROM A COHORT OF MIDDLE-AGED AND RETIRED WORKERS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,BRONX,NY 10461. RP DAVISKING, KE (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45225, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500007 PM 1514076 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS KRIEG, EF KNECHT, EA WRIGHT, DM AF KESNER, JS KRIEG, EF KNECHT, EA WRIGHT, DM TI POWER ANALYSES AND IMMUNOASSAYS FOR MEASURING REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN URINE TO ASSESS FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL IN FIELD STUDIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500010 PM 1514079 ER PT J AU GRAJEWSKI, BA SCHNORR, TM AF GRAJEWSKI, BA SCHNORR, TM TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES IN WORKING POPULATIONS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID WORKERS RP GRAJEWSKI, BA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500012 PM 1514081 ER PT J AU WESS, JA AF WESS, JA TI REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER AND THEIR ACETATES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID RATS; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; MICE RP WESS, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500013 PM 1514082 ER PT J AU HELMKAMP, JC KENNEDY, RD FOSBROKE, DE MYERS, ML AF HELMKAMP, JC KENNEDY, RD FOSBROKE, DE MYERS, ML TI OCCUPATIONAL FATALITIES IN THE FISHING, LOGGING AND AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRIES IN ALASKA, 1991 SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HELMKAMP, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,944 CHESTNUT RIDGE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500017 PM 1514087 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT REYNOLDS, J WICKMAN, D AF KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT REYNOLDS, J WICKMAN, D TI DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 DATACHEM LABS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP KENNEDY, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500020 PM 1514090 ER PT J AU BRYANT, CJ COLE, HP UMBERGER, GH KWAK, E RUCH, WE COLLIGAN, MJ AF BRYANT, CJ COLE, HP UMBERGER, GH KWAK, E RUCH, WE COLLIGAN, MJ TI EVALUATIVE RESEARCH AND METHODS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS IN OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,INST MINING & MINERALS RES,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP BRYANT, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruch, Willibald/G-3124-2011 OI Ruch, Willibald/0000-0001-5368-3616 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500021 PM 1514091 ER PT J AU STETTLER, LE SAVAGE, RE BROWN, KK CHEEVER, KL WEIGEL, WW DEBORD, DG TEASS, AW DANKOVIC, D WARD, EM AF STETTLER, LE SAVAGE, RE BROWN, KK CHEEVER, KL WEIGEL, WW DEBORD, DG TEASS, AW DANKOVIC, D WARD, EM TI BIOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO ORTHO-TOLUIDINE AND ANILINE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP STETTLER, LE (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500025 PM 1514095 ER PT J AU RUDER, AM WARD, EM ROBERTS, DR TEASS, AW BROWN, KK FINGERHUT, MA STETTLER, LE AF RUDER, AM WARD, EM ROBERTS, DR TEASS, AW BROWN, KK FINGERHUT, MA STETTLER, LE TI RESPONSE OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY AND HEALTH TO AN OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO ORTHO-TOLUIDINE AND ANILINE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500026 PM 1514097 ER PT J AU MASTIN, JP HENNINGSEN, GM FINE, LJ AF MASTIN, JP HENNINGSEN, GM FINE, LJ TI USE OF BIOMARKERS OF OCCUPATIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LABORATORY-ANIMAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID CARTILAGE MATRIX GLYCOPROTEIN; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; COLLAGEN; DISEASES; SERUM C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MASTIN, JP (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500027 PM 1514098 ER PT J AU MARTIN, LS HUDSON, CA STRINE, PW AF MARTIN, LS HUDSON, CA STRINE, PW TI CONTINUED NEED FOR STRATEGIES TO PREVENT NEEDLESTICK INJURIES AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH RP MARTIN, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,1600 CLIFTON RD,F40,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500030 PM 1514101 ER PT J AU MULLAN, RJ AF MULLAN, RJ TI HEALTH-CARE WORKERS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS EPIDEMIC SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500031 PM 1514102 ER PT J AU DECKER, JA SEITZ, TA SHULTS, RA DEITCHMAN, S TUCKER, SP BELINKY, BR CLARK, NJ AF DECKER, JA SEITZ, TA SHULTS, RA DEITCHMAN, S TUCKER, SP BELINKY, BR CLARK, NJ TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO AEROSOLIZED PHARMACEUTICALS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID RIBAVIRIN; PENTAMIDINE C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 100 EP 102 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500032 PM 1514061 ER PT J AU MCGLOTHLIN, JD JENSEN, PA FISCHBACH, TJ HUGHES, RT JONES, JH AF MCGLOTHLIN, JD JENSEN, PA FISCHBACH, TJ HUGHES, RT JONES, JH TI CONTROL OF ANESTHETIC-GASES IN DENTAL OPERATORIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID NITROUS-OXIDE RP MCGLOTHLIN, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500033 PM 1514062 ER PT J AU SMITH, J YEH, HC MUGGENBURG, B GUILMETTE, R MARTIN, LS STRINE, PW AF SMITH, J YEH, HC MUGGENBURG, B GUILMETTE, R MARTIN, LS STRINE, PW TI STUDY DESIGN FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOLS DURING SURGICAL-PROCEDURES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 LOVELACE BIOMED & ENVIRONM RES INST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SMITH, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45237, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500034 PM 1514063 ER PT J AU ROSA, RR COLLIGAN, MJ AF ROSA, RR COLLIGAN, MJ TI APPLICATION OF A PORTABLE TEST BATTERY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FATIGUE IN LABORATORY AND WORKSITE STUDIES OF 12-HOUR SHIFTS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID EXTENDED WORKDAYS; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV TRAINING & MANPOWER DEV,CINCINNATI,OH. RP ROSA, RR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500036 PM 1514066 ER PT J AU BERNARD, B SAUTER, SL FINE, LJ PETERSEN, MR HALES, TR AF BERNARD, B SAUTER, SL FINE, LJ PETERSEN, MR HALES, TR TI PSYCHOSOCIAL AND WORK ORGANIZATION RISK-FACTORS FOR CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS IN THE HANDS AND WRISTS OF NEWSPAPER EMPLOYEES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID OPERATORS; NECK C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,DENVER,CO. RP BERNARD, B (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45213, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500038 PM 1514068 ER PT J AU PUTZANDERSON, V DOYLE, GT HALES, TR AF PUTZANDERSON, V DOYLE, GT HALES, TR TI ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS TO CHARACTERIZE TASK CONSTRAINT AND REPETITIVENESS AS RISK-FACTORS FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN TELECOMMUNICATION OFFICE WORK SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,DENVER,CO. RP PUTZANDERSON, V (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500040 PM 1514070 ER PT J AU BARON, SL HABES, D AF BARON, SL HABES, D TI OCCUPATIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG SUPERMARKET CASHIERS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; CHECKERS C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BARON, SL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 127 EP 129 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500041 PM 1514071 ER PT J AU HENNINGSEN, GM HURRELL, JJ BAKER, F DOUGLAS, C MACKENZIE, BA ROBERTSON, SK PHIPPS, FC AF HENNINGSEN, GM HURRELL, JJ BAKER, F DOUGLAS, C MACKENZIE, BA ROBERTSON, SK PHIPPS, FC TI MEASUREMENT OF SALIVARY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A AS AN IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOMARKER OF JOB STRESS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH UNITED-STATES / FINNISH JOINT SYMP ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH : OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMICS IN THE 1990S CY JUN 09-12, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP NIOSH, INST OCCUPAT HLTH ID SECRETORY IGA C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1992 VL 18 SU 2 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ465 UT WOS:A1992HZ46500043 PM 1514073 ER PT J AU BARRETT, CL AUSTIN, H LOUV, WC ALEXANDER, WJ HADLER, SC AF BARRETT, CL AUSTIN, H LOUV, WC ALEXANDER, WJ HADLER, SC TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING A CLINIC FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; PROSTITUTES; PREVALENCE; SALIVA; SEMEN AB Risk factors for and serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were analyzed among 557 women. Study subjects were attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and enrolled in a clinical trial of nonoxynol-9 prevention of gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Seventy-eight (14%) showed serologic evidence of past HBV infection. Only age at time of serum collection was significantly associated with HBV marker prevalence (P = 0.04). None of the four measures of sexual activity taken (number of sex partners per month, frequency of sexual intercourse, number of documented episodes of sexually transmitted diseases, and lifetime number of sexual partners) were significantly related to the presence of HBV markers. For each measure, however, differences observed between HBV positive and negative subjects were consistent with what would be expected if these factors did contribute to HBV infection risk. These results support the role of heterosexual transmission of HBV infection in women and are consistent with recommendations for hepatitis B immunization of heterosexually active persons with multiple sexual partners. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JEFFERSON CTY DEPT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1097/00007435-199201000-00003 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA HF218 UT WOS:A1992HF21800003 PM 1561582 ER PT J AU SARAFIAN, SK KNAPP, JS AF SARAFIAN, SK KNAPP, JS TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, BASED ON PLASMID PROFILES, OF HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES - RESULTS OF SURVEILLANCE, 1981-1990 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; AMPICILLIN RESISTANCE AB To determine the distribution and extent of temporal changes in Haemophilus ducreyi strains in the United States, 342 isolates of H. ducreyi collected in 18 urban areas in the United States between 1981 and 1990 were characterized by plasmid content. Isolates possessed either no plasmid (29.8%), the 5.7-Mdal plasmid (50.9%), both the 4.4- and 5.7-Mdal plasmids (6.1%), the 3.2-Mdal plasmid (12.9%), or a combination of 1.8-, 2.6-, 2.8-, and 3.2-Mdal plasmids (1 case out of 342). Isolates that possessed no plasmid or that possessed the 5.7-Mdal plasmid had the widest geographic distribution; only isolates from cities on the West Coast possessed the 3.2-Mdal plasmid. Evidence was found of temporal changes in H. ducreyi strain populations among isolates from both Tampa and New Orleans. RP SARAFIAN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MAILSTOP D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1097/00007435-199201000-00007 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA HF218 UT WOS:A1992HF21800007 PM 1561586 ER PT J AU BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, J GELLIN, B INGLE, D AF BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, J GELLIN, B INGLE, D TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF REINFECTION TO GONORRHEA INCIDENCE IN ALASKA, 1983 TO 1987 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Gonorrhea case reports to the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services were used to study the contribution of reinfection to rates of gonorrhea infection in Alaska. The case reports of 13,910 infections among 11,132 persons who had laboratory-proven gonorrhea between 1983 and 1987 were examined. Among 1,886 persons who had multiple infections, the average number of infections per person was 2.5 (range = 2-11). These persons accounted for 33.5% of all infections and 16.9% of all patients with gonorrhea from 1983 to 1987. Compared to persons with one infection, those having multiple infections were more likely to be Alaska Natives (relative risk = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.6-1.9) and less than 21 years of age (relative risk = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.21. 4). There was no difference in risk between men and women. Two thirds of the reinfections occurred within 12 months of the initial infection. If gonorrhea incidence were calculated based on the number of people infected rather than as a "case rate," the mean annual rate (per 100,000) from 1983 to 1987 decreased from 1,644 to 1,228 (a 25.3% decrease) for Alaska Natives and from 316 to 267 (a 15.5% decrease) for non-Natives. Reporting gonorrhea incidence rates by number of persons infected rather than by total number of cases more accurately measures gonorrhea morbidity in a population and will allow prevention efforts to be directed to those persons who contribute the most to perpetuating the disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BELLER, M (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1097/00007435-199201000-00009 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA HF218 UT WOS:A1992HF21800009 PM 1561587 ER PT J AU MILLAR, JD AF MILLAR, JD BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI REMARKS BY THE CHAIR OF THE CONFERENCE SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00006 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURES FOR PREVENTION SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00008 ER PT J AU HALPERIN, WE AF HALPERIN, WE BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI SURVEILLANCE FOR AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00012 ER PT J AU FRAZIER, TM AF FRAZIER, TM BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI A GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE .1. SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00027 ER PT J AU FREUND, E AF FREUND, E BE Myers, ML Herrick, RF Olenchock, SA Myers, JR Parker, JE Hard, DL Wilson, K TI A GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE .2. SO SURGEON GENERAL'S CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surgeon Generals Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1991 CL DES MOINES, IA SP US DHHS, PUBLIC HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE PI WASHINGTON PA 14TH & CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1992 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration SC Agriculture; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Public Administration GA BC46H UT WOS:A1992BC46H00028 ER PT J AU KEUTER, M SANDERS, J RONDAY, M VELTKAMP, S KAMSTEEG, H SCHOUTEN, E KHALUMI, G NGWAWE, W WETSTEYN, JCFM BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD AF KEUTER, M SANDERS, J RONDAY, M VELTKAMP, S KAMSTEEG, H SCHOUTEN, E KHALUMI, G NGWAWE, W WETSTEYN, JCFM BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD TI PARASITOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CHILDREN WITH PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TO 4-AMINOQUINOLINES AND TO PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE WITH QUININE IN WESTERN KENYA SO TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE; ANEMIA; AMODIAQUINE; IRON AB Children with Plasmodium falciparum infections in Western Province, Kenya, were studied in 1987 for their parasitological, clinical and haematological response to chloroquine, to amodiaquine and to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine plus quinine. Ninety-eight children under 5 years of age were treated in 1 of 2 hospitals. Of the 56 patients treated with cloroquine base 25 mg/kg, 91% had resistant infections, with 36% having no significant decrease in parasitaemia (RIII resistance); however, 69% responded clinically within a week. Of the 27 patients treated with amodiaquine base 25 mg/kg, 67% had resistant infections, with 7% RIII resistant; 81% responded clinically. The parasites cleared in all 15 children given pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine plus 3 days of quinine. Only when parasites cleared did patients have improved haemoglobins and haematocrits. This study shows that parasitaemia in children hospitalized in western Kenya responds poorly to 4-aminoquinolines, although the patients improve clinically, at least during the first 7 days. Young children may need to clear parasites to avoid the risk of severe anemia and the need for blood transfusions. C1 UNIV AMSTERDAM,FAC MED,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. ST MARYS HOSP,MUMIAS,KENYA. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,MUKUMU,KENYA. ROYAL TROP INST,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE PI AMSTERDAM PA C/O ROYAL TROPICAL INST, KIT PRESS, MAURITSKADE 63, 1092 AD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-3232 J9 TROP GEOGR MED JI Trop. Geogr. Med. PD JAN-APR PY 1992 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JF593 UT WOS:A1992JF59300001 PM 1496699 ER PT J AU FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH EKSTROM, J OSTERHAUS, A SANDERLIN, DW SUNDQUIST, B MOREIN, B AF FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH EKSTROM, J OSTERHAUS, A SANDERLIN, DW SUNDQUIST, B MOREIN, B TI AN IMMUNE STIMULATING COMPLEX (ISCOM) SUBUNIT RABIES VACCINE PROTECTS DOGS AND MICE AGAINST STREET RABIES CHALLENGE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES; ISCOM; HUMAN DIPLOID CELL VACCINE; POSTEXPOSURE; TREATMENT; ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ENVELOPED VIRUSES; T-CELLS; EXPOSURE; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; RECOMBINANT AB Dogs and mice were immunized with either a rabies glycoprotein subunit vaccine incorporated into an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) or a commercial human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) prepared from a Pitman Moore (PM) rabies vaccine strain. Pre-exposure vaccination of mice with two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 360 ng ISCOM or 0.5 ml HDCV protected 95% (38/40) and 90% (36/40) of mice, respectively, against a lethal intracerebral (i.c.) dose with challenge virus strain (CVS). One 360 ng i.p. dose of ISCOM protected 87.5% (35/40) of mice against i.c. challenge with CVS. Three groups of five dogs were vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 730 ng of rabies ISCOM prepared from either the PM or the CVS rabies strains, and they resisted lethal street rabies challenge. Postexposure treatment of mice with three or four 120 ng i.m. doses of ISCOM protected 90% (27/30) and 94% (45/48), respectively, of mice inoculated in the footpad with street rabies virus, but three doses of HDCV conferred no protection. When four doses of HDCV were administered postexposure, 78% (32/41) of the mice died of anaphylactic shock; 21% (11/52) of mice had already died of rabies 4 days after the third vaccine dose was administered. C1 NATL VET INST,DEPT VIROL,CTR BIOMED,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM HYG,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NATL VET INST,DIV VACCINE RES,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP FEKADU, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 IS 3 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90011-8 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA HB157 UT WOS:A1992HB15700011 PM 1557935 ER PT J AU FOLLMANN, EH RITTER, DG BAER, GM AF FOLLMANN, EH RITTER, DG BAER, GM TI ORAL RABIES VACCINATION OF ARCTIC FOXES (ALOPEX-LAGOPUS) WITH AN ATTENUATED VACCINE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE ORAL VACCINATION; ARCTIC FOX; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; SAG1 ID FIELD TRIAL; IMMUNIZATION; EXPERIENCES; GERMANY; VIRUS AB Arctic foxes were immunized with the SAG1 oral rabies vaccine. The effectiveness was determined by the serological response and by the survival to a challenge dose of rabies virus from an Alaskan fox. Vaccine virus was isolated from saliva 1 h after the liquid vaccine was placed directly into the mouth but not subsequently (tested up to 1 week postvaccination). Two weeks after vaccination, protective antibody levels were present in all foxes and all vaccinated foxes survived challenge at 9 weeks postvaccination. At 26 weeks postvaccination (17 weeks postchallenge) all but one fox had detectable antibody levels. Neural tissue harvested from surviving foxes was negative for rabies virus by direct immunofluorescent testing. One of the foxes vaccinated with SAG1 seroconverted and survived challenge even though the titre of the vaccine used was almost 4 logs less than that used to vaccinate the other foxes. These results suggest that the avirulent SAG1 oral rabies vaccine is very effective in protecting arctic foxes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,STATE VIROL LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99706. RP FOLLMANN, EH (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 IS 5 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90368-T PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA HL423 UT WOS:A1992HL42300003 PM 1574916 ER PT J AU MILLET, P KALISH, ML COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL AF MILLET, P KALISH, ML COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL TI EFFECT OF ADJUVANT FORMULATIONS ON THE SELECTION OF B-CELL EPITOPES EXPRESSED BY A MALARIA PEPTIDE VACCINE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; ADJUVANT; B-CELL EPITOPES ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PLASMODIUM; SPOROZOITES; ANTIGEN; INVITRO AB Because subunit vaccines may create artificial epitopes, the goal of this study was to concentrate the immune response toward protective epitopes contained in a peptide, [(NAGG)5]Y. This peptide consisted of five repeat sequences of the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi and a terminal tyrosine. It was conjugated to bovine serum albumin and mixed with various adjuvant formulations, including block copolymers L121, L141, L180.5 and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Outbred mice were vaccinated with seven vaccine formulations. Postvaccination sera from each group of mice were then pooled, and antibody responses against peptide [(NAGG)5]Y or (NAGG)5 were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and against sporozoites of P. cynomolgi in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay. Although all groups elicited a high antibody response to the peptide [(NAGG)5Y], the presence of the tyrosine induced a different antibody response to the peptide (NAGG)5, and formulations containing LPS alone did not induce an antibody response to either (NAGG)5 or P. cynomolgi sporozoites. The formulation including both LPS and the copolymer L121 was the only one to inhibit the development of P. cynomolgi sporozoites in rhesus monkey hepatocytes by 50%. These results suggest that vaccine formulations influence B-cell epitope selection. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-A125856] NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 IS 8 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90355-N PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA HY603 UT WOS:A1992HY60300011 PM 1377851 ER PT J AU HOLLINGER, B STEFFEN, R GOUDEAU, A KRUGMAN, S MELNICK, J BANATVALA, J ANDRE, F MARGOLIS, H KANE, M DAWOOD NOAH, N JAMES VODOPIJA, I KNOPS, J WOULTERS AF HOLLINGER, B STEFFEN, R GOUDEAU, A KRUGMAN, S MELNICK, J BANATVALA, J ANDRE, F MARGOLIS, H KANE, M DAWOOD NOAH, N JAMES VODOPIJA, I KNOPS, J WOULTERS TI PROSPECTS FOR CONTROL OF HEPATITIS-A - PANEL DISCUSSION SO VACCINE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV ZURICH,INST SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT COMMUNICABLE DIS,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NYU MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,DEPT VIROL,LONDON SE1 7EH,ENGLAND. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WHO,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP HOLLINGER, B (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 SU 1 BP S170 EP S174 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JY978 UT WOS:A1992JY97800050 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS SHAPIRO, CN AF MARGOLIS, HS SHAPIRO, CN TI WHO SHOULD RECEIVE HEPATITIS-A VACCINE - CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMMUNIZATION STRATEGY SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS-A CY JAN 27-29, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE INFANT IMMUNIZATION; COMBINED VACCINES AB The availability of efficacious hepatitis A vaccines should greatly facilitate the prevention of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Groups at high risk of HAV infection have been identified from epidemiological studies and include both children and adults. While certain high-risk adults, such as travellers, could be a convenient target for vaccination, selective immunization of high-risk adults would not be expected to lower the overall rates of infection in most countries. Because a significant proportion of HAV infections occur in children, the eventual objective should be the integration of hepatitis A vaccine into routine childhood immunization schedules. This would reduce disease incidence by preventing infections in children and by preventing infections in adults that are acquired from children. The cyclical patterns of hepatitis A observed in many countries are related to levels of immunity in the population. The elimination of the susceptibility of a population to HAV infection through immunization could eliminate this well known human disease. This suggests that eradication of HAV infection should be attainable with effective hepatitis A vaccines. RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 SU 1 BP S85 EP S87 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90553-V PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JY978 UT WOS:A1992JY97800025 PM 1335667 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH JIA, XY TIAN, HW MARGOLIS, HS SUMMERS, DF EHRENFELD, E AF ROBERTSON, BH JIA, XY TIAN, HW MARGOLIS, HS SUMMERS, DF EHRENFELD, E TI SEROLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DISTINGUISH IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO HEPATITIS-A VACCINE AND NATURAL INFECTION SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS-A CY JAN 27-29, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE HAV; STRUCTURAL AND NONSTRUCTURAL ANTIGEN; INVITRO TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION AB Currently, the immune status of an individual exposed to hepatitis A virus (HAV) is determined by assays which measure antibodies against the capsid proteins. These assays indicate exposure to the viral capsid that could result from either infection or from vaccination. Recent data indicate that proteins from the non-structural genome region of the virus (P2 or P3), which are only produced during active virus replication, generate antibodies after clinical disease. A sub-genomic cDNA segment of HAV corresponding to the P2 region was used.for in vitro transcription-translation followed by immune precipitation of the translated products under non-denaturing conditions. Serial serum specimens from experimentally infected chimpanzees and humans naturally infected with hepatitis A verified the development of antibodies to P2 proteins following infection. A serosurvey of individuals positive for antibodies to the HAV capsid (HAVAB assay, Abbott Laboratories) revealed that 50-60% of children and 16-32% of adults had no detectable antibodies to the P2 antigen by immune precipitation. These results may reflect subclinical infections resulting in a lower level of antibodies against the non-structural antigens or may represent a greater sensitivity of the competitive assay (HAVAB) used to detect capsid antibodies compared to the immunoprecipitation assay used to detect non-structural antigens. C1 UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DIV CELLULAR VIRAL & MOLEC BIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DIV BIOCHEM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 SU 1 BP S106 EP S109 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90559-3 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JY978 UT WOS:A1992JY97800031 PM 1335637 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN COLEMAN, PJ MCQUILLAN, GM ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS AF SHAPIRO, CN COLEMAN, PJ MCQUILLAN, GM ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS-A - SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK GROUPS IN THE USA SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS-A CY JAN 27-29, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE HEPATITIS-A; ANTIBODY PREVALENCE, DISEASE TRENDS ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY AB Surveillance and seroepidemiological data are important in determining optimal hepatitis A vaccine strategies. In the USA, after a decade of declining rates, reported hepatitis A rates gradually increased from 9.2 cases per 100 000 population in 1983 to a peak of 14.4 per 100 000 in 1989. In 1991, 23 144 cases were reported, for a rate of 9.1 per 100 000. Since 1983, rates in males have been consistently 20% higher than in females. Rates in children, adolescents and adults up to 39 years old have been roughly equivalent and approximately threefold higher than for persons greater-than-or-equal-to 40 years old. Among reported cases in 1989, the most commonly reported risk factor was personal contact with a hepatitis A case (26%), followed by employment or attendance at a day-care centre (14%), a history of injecting drug use (11%), a history of recent international travel (4%), and association with a suspected food or waterborne outbreak (3%). Of cases, 42% had no known risk factor for infection. The prevalance of antibody to hepatitis A virus in the general US population was 38.2%, based upon testing of 9516 participants.from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted.from 1976 to 1980. Prevalence increased steadily with age, ranging from 11% in persons < 5 years of age to 74% in persons greater-than-or-equal-to 50 years old. Because some groups may be difficult to vaccinate prior to disease exposure (contacts of cases) or are difficult to reach (drug users or persons with unidentified risk), a selected risk group vaccination strategy may not be successful in reducing the disease burden in the USA. High seropositivity in older age groups indicates that prevaccination screening for susceptibility might be considered. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1992 VL 10 SU 1 BP S59 EP S62 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(92)90545-U PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA JY978 UT WOS:A1992JY97800017 PM 1476001 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL KAPLAN, JE HJELLE, B LEVINE, PH COLIGAN, JE VISCIDI, RP AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL KAPLAN, JE HJELLE, B LEVINE, PH COLIGAN, JE VISCIDI, RP TI IDENTIFICATION OF IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES IN ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC-T VIRUS TYPE-II SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA; HTLV-I; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; INFECTION; PROTEIN; REGIONS; GP21 C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20817. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20894. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ENDOWOOD DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1992 VL 186 IS 1 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90081-Y PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA GU994 UT WOS:A1992GU99400027 PM 1727602 ER PT J AU BLACK, JB LOPEZ, C PELLETT, PE AF BLACK, JB LOPEZ, C PELLETT, PE TI INDUCTION OF HOST-CELL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS BY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; INDUCTION; CORD BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; INDUCED DNA-POLYMERASE; INFECTED WI-38 CELLS; PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID; THYMIDINE-KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALPHA-GENES; REPLICATION; INHIBITION AB We observed an increase in host cell protein synthesis in human cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) infected with human herpesvirus 6 relative to uninfected cultures. The magnitude of this effect could not be explained by a smaller decrease in cell number in the infected cultures. The induction of host cell protein synthesis by HHV-6 does not appear to be mediated by a stable soluble factor present in the infected cell culture supernatant. When CBL were infected with virus that had been exposed to ultraviolet irradiation (UV) for various intervals, we found that the level of increase in cell number, host protein synthesis, viral DNA and viral antigen was inversely proportional to the length of time of virus exposure to UV. No increase in cell number or host cell protein synthesis was seen in CBL infected in the presence of 50-mu-g/ml phosphonoacetic acid, an inhibitor of HHV-6 DNA replication. These results indicate that components of input virions do not induce the increased protein synthesis and that the induction is dependent on viral DNA replication. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ELI LILLY & CO,LILLY RES LAB,VIRUS RES,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90086-O PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA GX845 UT WOS:A1992GX84500002 PM 1311135 ER PT J AU GOULD, JP ULIRSCH, GV AF GOULD, JP ULIRSCH, GV TI KINETICS OF THE HETEROGENEOUS OZONATION OF NITRATED PHENOLS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16TH BIENNIAL CONF OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL : WATER QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 92 CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL ID DISSOCIATING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; WASTE-WATER; OZONE AB The kinetics of the heterogeneous ozonation of phenol and 27 nitrophenols representing a wide array of functional groups have been studied. In the systems examined, the process has been found to be zero order with respect to phenolic concentration which indicates mass transfer as the prime control on the process. Analysis of the first order rate constants has permitted computation of overall mass transfer coefficients for all compounds. The coefficients were sixty percent lower than the k(L) a values measured by others in water and showed very little variation regardless of chemical structure of the phenol. Efforts at development of a QSAR model for the kinetics were fruitless. C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOULD, JP (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CIVIL ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 180 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JZ395 UT WOS:A1992JZ39500019 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ AF BRENNER, DJ TI FUTURE-TRENDS IN BACTERIAL TAXONOMY SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PY 1992 VL 8 SU 1 BP 16 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF02421479 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KA598 UT WOS:A1992KA59800004 PM 24425632 ER PT J AU ENGLUND, A CHALMERS, TC HUUSKONEN, M EGILMAN, D DOAK, C KILBURN, K MYINT, T HILLERDAL, G ROSENSTOCK, L SELIKOFF, IJ WELCH, LS FITE, J KRONENBERG, R RINGEN, K AF ENGLUND, A CHALMERS, TC HUUSKONEN, M EGILMAN, D DOAK, C KILBURN, K MYINT, T HILLERDAL, G ROSENSTOCK, L SELIKOFF, IJ WELCH, LS FITE, J KRONENBERG, R RINGEN, K TI SWEDISH APPROACHES TO INDUSTRY-WIDE STUDIES - THE CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. WHITE LUNG ASSOC,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV TEXAS,TYLER,TX. LABURERS INT UNION,WASHINGTON,DC. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SF-00290 HELSINKI 29,FINLAND. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV UPPSALA,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 1991 VL 643 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24477.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM568 UT WOS:A1991JM56800031 PM 1809145 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC RUDOLPH, DL LAIRMORE, MD LAL, RB AF HOOPER, WC RUDOLPH, DL LAIRMORE, MD LAL, RB TI CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF C-JUN AND JUN-B IN CELL-LINES INFECTED WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; ACTIVATOR; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; GENE; FOS; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; INTERLEUKIN-2; LYMPHOCYTES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOOPER, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 31 PY 1991 VL 181 IS 3 BP 976 EP 980 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(91)92032-F PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GX736 UT WOS:A1991GX73600008 PM 1722408 ER PT J AU FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF AF FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF TI CURRENT TRENDS IN BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MORAXELLA BRANHAMELLA CATARRHALIS; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; PNEUMONIAE STRAIN TWAR; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE AB The relationship of virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility with morbidity due to bacterial respiratory pathogens is complex and evolving. Ultimately, decreasing the incidence of pneumonia due to bacterial pathogens will be dependent on successful preparation and distribution of effective vaccines. Until effective vaccines are widely available, control of a majority of respiratory infections will depend on promotion of rational therapeutic strategies. Though limited to a few specific serotypes and strains, changes in virulence of bacterial respiratory pathogens have been noted. Co-infections due to multiple respiratory pathogens may increase morbidity; however, the epidemiology of co-infections is not clear. Relationships between respiratory viruses and bacteria may exist that increase virulence of both agents, but information regarding these relationships awaits further investigation. Resistance of respiratory pathogens to the more commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole, is being documented globally with increasing frequency. The evolution of antimicrobic resistance, especially among strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common and deadly agent of lower respiratory tract infections, provides impetus to develop and promote effective pneumococcal vaccines and to search for new and effective antimicrobials. RP FACKLAM, RR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 148 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC 30 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 6A BP S3 EP S11 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90301-D PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HA400 UT WOS:A1991HA40000002 PM 1767804 ER PT J AU POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA AF POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA TI REGULATION OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION RETROVIRAL REPLICATION BY CD8+T CELLS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; INVITRO C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI077610] NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 1991 VL 636 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33466.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM207 UT WOS:A1991JM20700035 PM 1665323 ER PT J AU BARNES, PF BLOCH, AB DAVIDSON, PT SNIDER, DE AF BARNES, PF BLOCH, AB DAVIDSON, PT SNIDER, DE TI TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV-INFECTION - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID AIDS; EPIDEMIC C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BARNES, PF (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 26 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 26 BP 1884 EP 1884 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GW528 UT WOS:A1991GW52800016 ER PT J AU SABETTA, JR HYMAN, S SMARDIN, J CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL AF SABETTA, JR HYMAN, S SMARDIN, J CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL TI FOODBORNE NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLA (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 804-806, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SABETTA, JR (reprint author), CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 24 BP 3405 EP 3406 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV878 UT WOS:A1991GV87800006 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, A COHN, D CORBY, N WOOD, R AF FREEMAN, A COHN, D CORBY, N WOOD, R TI PATTERNS OF SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR CHANGE (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY 2ND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, 792-794, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DENVER CTY HLTH DEPT,DENVER,CO. LONG BEACH HLTH DEPT,LONG BEACH,CA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FREEMAN, A (reprint author), DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 24 BP 3406 EP 3406 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV878 UT WOS:A1991GV87800007 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAND, ME CONLEY, LJ BUSH, TJ CIESIELSKI, CA HAMMETT, TA JAFFE, HW AF CHAMBERLAND, ME CONLEY, LJ BUSH, TJ CIESIELSKI, CA HAMMETT, TA JAFFE, HW TI HEALTH-CARE WORKERS WITH AIDS - NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE UPDATE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; OCCUPATIONAL RISK; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; HIV AB Objectives. - To characterize health care workers with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States and to evaluate the role of occupational transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Data Source. - National AIDS surveillance data. Methods. - Health care workers with AIDS are reported to the Centers for Disease Control by state and local health departments. Health care workers who do not report a nonoccupational risk for HIV infection are termed undetermined risk cases and are investigated by health departments using a standard protocol. Results. - Through June 30, 1990, there were 5425 cases of AIDS in healthcare workers reported in the United States. Three of these workers developed AIDS following well-documented occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood. Of the 539 health care workers initially reported without a nonoccupational risk, follow-up investigations were completed for 303. Nonoccupational risk factors were established for 237 (78.2%) of the 303 investigated health care workers; 66 workers (21.8%) remained in the undetermined category. Follow-up information was incomplete for 236 health care workers who also remained in the undetermined category, resulting in 5120 health care workers (94.4%) with AIDS with nonoccupational risks for HIV infection. Overall, health care workers were more likely than non-health care workers with AIDS to have an undetermined risk for HIV infection (5.6% vs 2.8%; P < .001). While many of the 66 investigated health care workers had jobs involving contact with patients and/or potential contact with blood, none reported percutaneous, mucous membrane, or cutaneous exposures to blood or body fluids known to be infected with HIV. Conclusion. - Surveillance data suggest that most health care workers with AIDS acquired their HIV infection through a nonoccupational route. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CHAMBERLAND, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAIL STOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 24 BP 3459 EP 3462 DI 10.1001/jama.266.24.3459 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV878 UT WOS:A1991GV87800032 PM 1660544 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B JACKSON, L AF SCHWARTZ, B JACKSON, L TI INVASIVE GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN ADULTS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 23 BP 3284 EP 3284 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GU964 UT WOS:A1991GU96400016 ER PT J AU ACUFF, GR ALBANESE, RA BATT, CA BERNDT, DL BYERS, FM DALE, BE DENTON, JH FUCHS, RL GASTEL, B HEIDELBAUGH, ND IVIE, GW KENDALL, K KOPCHICK, JJ LEWIS, DH MCCASLAND, FV MENNING, EL PHILLIPS, TD POTTER, ME RODRICKS, JV SCHOLL, DR SHADDUCK, JA TARNOWSKI, SJ TILLOTSON, JE VANDRESSER, WR WOMACK, JE AF ACUFF, GR ALBANESE, RA BATT, CA BERNDT, DL BYERS, FM DALE, BE DENTON, JH FUCHS, RL GASTEL, B HEIDELBAUGH, ND IVIE, GW KENDALL, K KOPCHICK, JJ LEWIS, DH MCCASLAND, FV MENNING, EL PHILLIPS, TD POTTER, ME RODRICKS, JV SCHOLL, DR SHADDUCK, JA TARNOWSKI, SJ TILLOTSON, JE VANDRESSER, WR WOMACK, JE TI IMPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE SAFETY OF FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL LIBERAL ARTS & MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. CORNELL UNIV,COLL AGR,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,FSIS,DIV TRAINING & DEV,DENTON,TX 76202. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. HILL & KNOWLTON INC,HOUSTON,TX 77056. OHIO UNIV,EDISON ANIM BIOTECHNOL CTR,ATHENS,OH 45701. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. NATL ASSOC FED VET,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ENVIRON CORP,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. DIAGNOST HYBRIDS INC,ATHENS,OH 45701. CALIF BIOTECHNOL INC,MT VIEW,CA 94043. TUFTS UNIV,INST FOOD POLICY,MEDFORD,MA 02155. AVMA GOVT RELAT DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP HEIDELBAUGH, ND (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Acuff, Gary/C-3034-2008 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1714 EP 1721 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV359 UT WOS:A1991GV35900013 PM 1687575 ER PT J AU AABY, P SAMB, B SIMONDON, F WHITTLE, H SECK, AMC KNUDSEN, K BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L RHODES, P AF AABY, P SAMB, B SIMONDON, F WHITTLE, H SECK, AMC KNUDSEN, K BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L RHODES, P TI CHILD-MORTALITY AFTER HIGH-TITER MEASLES-VACCINES IN SENEGAL - THE COMPLETE DATA SET SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CHEIKH ANTA DIOP UNIV,INFECT DIS SERV,DAKAR,SOUTH AFRICA. STAT RES UNIT,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP AABY, P (reprint author), ORSTOM,BP 1386,DAKAR,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 1 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 14 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8781 BP 1518 EP 1518 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92330-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV077 UT WOS:A1991GV07700022 PM 1683932 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI MAKING SMOKING PREVENTION A REALITY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 22 BP 3188 EP 3189 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GT654 UT WOS:A1991GT65400034 PM 1956112 ER PT J AU REDD, SC RODMAN, AE THINYANE, G AF REDD, SC RODMAN, AE THINYANE, G TI WHO GUIDELINES ON DETECTING PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; SIMPLE CLINICAL SIGNS; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA C1 MINIST HLTH,MASERU,LESOTHO. RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 7 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8780 BP 1453 EP 1454 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GT904 UT WOS:A1991GT90400025 ER PT J AU CATES, W PETERSON, HB AF CATES, W PETERSON, HB TI ABNORMAL GENITAL BLEEDING IN GIRLS AND WOMEN SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CHLAMYDIAL CERVICITIS RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 5 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 23 BP 1655 EP 1655 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR770 UT WOS:A1991GR77000021 ER PT J AU BADER, TF KRAWCZYNSKI, K POLISH, LB FAVOROV, MO AF BADER, TF KRAWCZYNSKI, K POLISH, LB FAVOROV, MO TI HEPATITIS-E IN A UNITED-STATES TRAVELER TO MEXICO SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BADER, TF (reprint author), KAISER PERMANENTE GRP,DENVER,CO 80205, USA. NR 4 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 5 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 23 BP 1659 EP 1659 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR770 UT WOS:A1991GR77000033 PM 1944463 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ HOLMGREEN, P SMITH, SM SOSIN, DM AF SACKS, JJ HOLMGREEN, P SMITH, SM SOSIN, DM TI BICYCLE-ASSOCIATED HEAD-INJURIES AND DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES FROM 1984 THROUGH 1988 - HOW MANY ARE PREVENTABLE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID HELMET USE; SAFETY HELMETS; CHILDREN; ACCIDENTS; VICTORIA AB Objective. - To estimate the potential benefits from more widespread bicycle safety helmet use. Design. - Review of death certificates and emergency department injury data for 1984 through 1988. Categorization of deaths and injuries as related to bicycling and head injury Using relative risks of 3.85 and 6.67 derived from a case-control study and varying helmet usage from 10% to 100%, population attributable risk was calculated to estimate preventable deaths and injuries. Setting. - Entire United States. Main Outcome Measures. - Numbers of US residents coded as dying from bicycle-related head injuries, numbers of persons presenting to emergency departments for bicycle-related head injuries, and numbers of attributable bicycle-related deaths and head injuries. Main Results. - From 1984 through 1988, bicycling accounted for 2985 head injury deaths (62% of all bicycling deaths) and 905 752 head injuries (32% of persons with bicycling injuries treated at an emergency department). Forty-one percent of head injury deaths and 76% of head injuries occurred among children less than 15 years of age. Universal use of helmets by all bicyclists could have prevented as many as 2500 deaths and 757 000 head injuries, ie, one death every day and one head injury every 4 minutes. Conclusions. - Effective community-based education programs and legislated approaches for increasing bicycle safety helmet usage have been developed and await only the resources and commitment to reduce these unnecessary deaths and injuries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL F36,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 21 BP 3016 EP 3018 DI 10.1001/jama.266.21.3016 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR775 UT WOS:A1991GR77500035 PM 1820476 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML MERCY, JA HOUK, VN AF ROSENBERG, ML MERCY, JA HOUK, VN TI GUNS AND ADOLESCENT SUICIDES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 21 BP 3030 EP 3030 DI 10.1001/jama.266.21.3030 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR775 UT WOS:A1991GR77500038 PM 1820478 ER PT J AU RYDER, RW BATTER, VL NSUAMI, M BADI, N MUNDELE, L MATELA, B UTSHUDI, M HEYWARD, WL AF RYDER, RW BATTER, VL NSUAMI, M BADI, N MUNDELE, L MATELA, B UTSHUDI, M HEYWARD, WL TI FERTILITY RATES IN 238 HIV-1-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN IN ZAIRE FOLLOWED FOR 3 YEARS POSTPARTUM SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; FERTILITY; CONDOMS; BIRTH CONTROL; PREGNANCY; ZAIRE; POSTPARTUM; AIDS; ABORTION ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION AB Birth-control use and fertility rates were prospectively determined in 238 HIV-1-seropositive and 315 HIV-1-seronegative women in Kinshasa, Zaire, during the 36-month period following the delivery of their last live-born child. No women delivered children during the first follow-up year. Birth-control utilization rates (percentage use during total observation time) and fertility rates (annual number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age) in the second year of follow-up were 19% (107.4 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive women and 16% (144.7 per 1000) for HIV-1-seronegative women. In the third year of follow-up these rates were 26 (271.0 per 1000) and 16% (38.6 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative women, respectively (P < 0.05 for the difference in birth-control utilization and fertility rates between seropositive and seronegative women in the third year of follow-up). Seven (2.9%) of the 238 HIV-1-seropositive women initially included in the study brought their sex partners in for HIV-1 testing; three (43%) of these men were found to be HIV-1-seropositive. New HIV-1 infection did not have a dramatic effect on the fertility of seropositive women. The nearly uniform unwillingness of HIV-1-seropositive women to inform husbands or sexual partners of their HIV-1 serostatus accounted in large part for the disappointingly high fertility rates in seropositive women who had been provided with a comprehensive program of HIV counseling and birth control. Counseling services for seropositive women of child-bearing age which do not also include these women's sexual partners are unlikely to have an important impact on their high fertility rates. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CID,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP RYDER, RW (reprint author), MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOX 1043,1 GUSTAVE L LEVY PL,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. NR 19 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1521 EP 1527 DI 10.1097/00002030-199112000-00016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GW762 UT WOS:A1991GW76200016 PM 1814335 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, MS ORLOFF, S IBEGBU, CC ODELL, CD MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS AF KENNEDY, MS ORLOFF, S IBEGBU, CC ODELL, CD MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS TI ANALYSIS OF SYNERGISM ANTAGONISM BETWEEN HIV-1 ANTIBODY-POSITIVE HUMAN SERA AND SOLUBLE CD4 IN BLOCKING HIV-1 BINDING AND INFECTIVITY SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RETROVIRUS HTLV-III/LAV; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; GP120 BINDING; INHIBITION; ENVELOPE; THERAPY; RECEPTOR; SEQUENCE AB We tested human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody-positive human sera and sCD4, alone and in combination, for synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on blocking of HIV binding and infectivity. Data were analyzed by an application of the median effect principle derived from the law of mass action. This allows the assessment of synergism/antagonism at any desired level of effect. Using three assays (whole virus binding to CD4 cells, neutralization of HIV infectivity, and binding of purified gp120 to solid-phase sCD4), we generally observed additive effects or slight synergism between antibody and sCD4 in inhibiting gp120-CD4 interaction. We used a fourth assay to measure the irreversible inactivation of HIV infectivity by sCD4, a property that can also be mediated by antibody but with considerably less potency than sCD4. The reduction in HIV infectivity mediated by mixtures of sCD4 and antibody was always equal to or greater than the arithmetic sum of the reductions by either agent alone. The relevant antiviral effects of sCD4 and anti-HIV sera may include reversible blockage of receptor binding, irreversible inactivation of HIV infectivity, and in the case of antibody, additional reactions that are independent of receptor binding. Although predictions concerning the in vivo situation are speculative, we find no evidence in vitro for antagonism between sCD4 and antibody with respect to the net effect of the two in blocking HIV binding and infectivity. C1 PROGEN PHARMACEUT,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591. RP KENNEDY, MS (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,1-1202 A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 12 BP 975 EP 981 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.975 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GW624 UT WOS:A1991GW62400003 PM 1687500 ER PT J AU ZAEBST, DD CLAPP, DE BLADE, LM MARLOW, DA STEENLAND, K HORNUNG, RW SCHEUTZLE, D BUTLER, J AF ZAEBST, DD CLAPP, DE BLADE, LM MARLOW, DA STEENLAND, K HORNUNG, RW SCHEUTZLE, D BUTLER, J TI QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF TRUCKING INDUSTRY WORKERS EXPOSURES TO DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER; RAILROAD WORKERS; INHALATION; MORTALITY; RATS AB As part of a case-control mortality study of trucking industry workers, exposures to diesel aerosol were measured among the four major presumably exposed job groups (road drivers, local drivers, dock workers, and mechanics) in the industry. Eight industrial hygiene surveys were conducted during both warm and cold weather at eight U.S. terminals and truck repair shops. A single-stage personal impactor was used to sample submicrometer-sized diesel particles on quartz fiber filters. Laboratory and field studies demonstrated that the elemental carbon content of the particles is a useful and practical marker of exposure to vehicular diesel exhaust. A thermal-optical analysis technique was used to determine the concentration of elemental carbon in the filter samples. Overall geometric mean exposures to submicrometer-sized elemental carbon ranged from 3.8 mug/m3 in road (long distance) drivers (N = 72) to 13.8 mug/m3 in dock workers (N = 75). Geometric mean background area concentrations, measured in the same cities where workers were sampled, were 2.5 mug/m3 on major highways (N = 21) and 1.1 mug/m3 in residential areas (N = 23). A factorial analysis of variance indicated that exposures in two job groups, dock workers (particularly those exposed primarily via diesel forklift trucks, introduced relatively recently) and mechanics (working in poorly ventilated shops during cold weather), were significantly higher than background concentrations and were significantly higher than the exposures in the local and road drivers. The exposures of the truck drivers could not be distinguished from background highway concentrations but were significantly higher than background concentrations in residential areas. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,ORLANDO,FL 32803. FORD MOTOR CO,CTR RES & EDUC,DEARBORN,MI 48121. NR 36 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 52 IS 12 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1991)052<0529:QDOTIW>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC590 UT WOS:A1991KC59000007 PM 1723577 ER PT J AU FOLEY, GD TUCKER, SP COOPER, CV AF FOLEY, GD TUCKER, SP COOPER, CV TI ANALYSIS OF AIR FOR TERTIARY AMINE CATALYSTS USED IN THE POLYURETHANE FOAM INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 52 IS 12 BP A664 EP A665 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC590 UT WOS:A1991KC59000011 PM 1781428 ER PT J AU SCHERR, PA HEBERT, LE SMITH, LA EVANS, DA AF SCHERR, PA HEBERT, LE SMITH, LA EVANS, DA TI RELATION OF BLOOD-PRESSURE TO COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; COGNITION; DEMENTIA; HYPERTENSION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES; INITIAL FINDINGS; HYPERTENSION; AGE; INTELLIGENCE; HEALTH AB Clinical case-control studies of the relation between blood pressure and cognitive function have generally found lower function among hypertensives. Most of these studies were small and incompletely controlled for confounders. Two population-based studies have yielded conflicting results. This study examines cognitive function over the entire range of blood pressure in a defined elderly population. A questionnaire administered in the home to 3,809 persons aged greater-than-or-equal-to 65 years in East Boston, Massachusetts, in 1982 and 1983 contained four brief cognitive tests: immediate memory, delayed memory, a mental status questionnaire, and digit span. In linear regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, and education, the direction of the association was not consistent among the tests. An increase in diastolic pressure of 10 mmHg was associated with an increase of 1.0 in percentile scores on the immediate memory test (95% confidence interval (Cl) -0.04 to 1.9); with an increase of 1.1 in percentile scores on the delayed memory test (95% Cl -0.1 to 2.3); with a decrease of -0.8 in percentile scores on the mental status questionnaire (95% Cl -1.8 to 0.2); and with a decrease of -0.9 in percentile scores on the attention test (95% Cl -1.5 to -0.2). These results suggest that blood pressure is not a substantial contributor to cognitive status in the elderly. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP SCHERR, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,AGING BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP K51,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06789, N01-AG-0-2107, N01-AG-1-2106] NR 25 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1315 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX680 UT WOS:A1991GX68000007 PM 1755444 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, AV OMALLEY, M SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA MARLOW, DA AF CARPENTER, AV OMALLEY, M SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA MARLOW, DA TI FURTHER STUDY OF CHLORACNE AND PENTACHLOROPHENOL OPERATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE CHLORACNE INCIDENCE; PCP; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RP CARPENTER, AV (reprint author), NIOSH,EPIDEMIOL SECT 2,R16,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 817 EP 818 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200617 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT871 UT WOS:A1991GT87100016 ER PT J AU FRANKS, AL BERAL, V CATES, W HOGUE, CJR AF FRANKS, AL BERAL, V CATES, W HOGUE, CJR TI ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATES OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY RISKS DURING CONTRACEPTION - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP FRANKS, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OSA CCDPHP,MAILSTOP K30,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1900 EP 1900 PN 1 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GX844 UT WOS:A1991GX84400065 ER PT J AU HINMAN, AR AF HINMAN, AR TI STRATEGIES TO PREVENT HIV-INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP HINMAN, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,MAIL STOP E-06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1557 EP 1559 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.12.1557 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY162 UT WOS:A1991GY16200001 PM 1746648 ER PT J AU HOLTZMAN, D ANDERSON, JE KANN, L ARDAY, SL TRUMAN, BI KOLBE, LJ AF HOLTZMAN, D ANDERSON, JE KANN, L ARDAY, SL TRUMAN, BI KOLBE, LJ TI HIV INSTRUCTION, HIV KNOWLEDGE, AND DRUG INJECTION AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; AIDS; ADOLESCENTS; TEENAGERS; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIORS; BELIEFS AB Background. The prevalence of HIV-related behaviors and determinants of these behaviors among adolescents in the United States have not been well studied. Methods. To determine the prevalence of HIV-related drug behaviors and to assess the effects of HIV-related school-based instruction and HIV knowledge on these behaviors, data were analyzed from a 39-item, self-administered questionnaire completed by a probability sample of all students in grades 9 through 12 in the United States. Results. Usable responses were obtained from 8098 students. Of these, 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3-3.2) and 1.7% (95% CI = 1.3-2.1) reported injecting illicit drugs ever and during the past year, respectively. Corresponding prevalences of needle sharing were 0.8% (95% CI = 0.5-1.1) and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.3-0.7). Regression analysis revealed that students with higher knowledge scores were less likely and males more likely to have ever injected drugs. HIV knowledge was similarly associated with other outcome measures of drug-injection behavior. Although HIV instruction did not directly influence drug-injection behavior independently of demographic characteristics, it was positively associated with HIV knowledge. Conclusions. While these results do not establish a causal relationship, they suggest that HIV knowledge and school-based instruction may play a role in maintaining low levels of drug-injection behavior among high school students. C1 NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOLTZMAN, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT,SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1596 EP 1601 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.12.1596 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY162 UT WOS:A1991GY16200010 PM 1746656 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, J CONROY, C AF RUSSELL, J CONROY, C TI REPRESENTATIVENESS OF DEATHS IDENTIFIED THROUGH THE INJURY-AT-WORK ITEM ON THE DEATH CERTIFICATE - IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES; UNITED-STATES; INDUSTRIES; SYSTEMS; COUNTY AB Background. This research investigated the accuracy of the injury-at-work item on the death certificate for surveillance of occupational injury deaths in Oklahoma during 1985 and 1986. Methods. Representativeness of occupational injury deaths identified by death certificates was assessed by comparing these deaths with all occupational injury deaths identified through death certificates, workers' compensation reports, medical examiner reports, and OSHA records for categories of occupation, industry, and external causes of death. Results. Certain external causes of death (e.g., motor vehicle traffic deaths) and certain occupations (e.g., farming) and industries (agriculture and services) are more often underidentified through death certificates. Conclusions. The findings of this study support Baker's observation that no single data source contains all deaths or all the data elements necessary to describe occupational injury deaths. Data sources may be combined to improve representativeness through more complete case ascertainment. C1 NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. CALIF OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.12.1613 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY162 UT WOS:A1991GY16200013 PM 1836109 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML DICKERSON, JW HIGHTOWER, AW LAMMIE, PJ AF EBERHARD, ML DICKERSON, JW HIGHTOWER, AW LAMMIE, PJ TI BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS - LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TREATMENT WITH DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE IN A HAITIAN POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MICROFILAREMIC INDIVIDUALS; LOA-LOA; CITRATE AB Two groups of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected Haitians who had undergone treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) were followed for up to five years after treatment to document the long-term effects of treatment on adult worms and microfilariae and on the recurrence of infection. One group of 69 persons who had received 12 daily treatments had a significant decrease in microfilaria levels until year 4, when a small number of individuals experienced a resurgence of this parasite stage in the peripheral blood. In a second group of 57 persons who had been treated weekly for 12 consecutive weeks, there was a greater reduction in the microfilaria levels following treatment, and for the full four years of followup, these levels remained more depressed than those of the group that received daily treatment. Our results indicate that DEC kills or permanently sterilizes adult W. bancrofti. Furthermore, these results demonstrate conclusively that in Haiti, the use of DEC provides long-term benefits to treated persons, even though they continue to reside in an area with endemic filariasis. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,BLDG 23,ROOM 8,MAILSTOP F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005-01] NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 6 BP 728 EP 733 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HA015 UT WOS:A1991HA01500012 PM 1763800 ER PT J AU CALVERT, GM SWEENEY, MH MORRIS, JA FINGERHUT, MA HORNUNG, RW HALPERIN, WE AF CALVERT, GM SWEENEY, MH MORRIS, JA FINGERHUT, MA HORNUNG, RW HALPERIN, WE TI EVALUATION OF CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE, AND VENTILATORY FUNCTION AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is produced as an undesirable contaminant in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) and its derivatives. There is considerable concern about the health effects that may be associated with exposure to TCDD-contaminated substances. A cross-sectional medical study that included a comprehensive medical history, medical examination, and measurement of pulmonary function was conducted on workers employed more than 15 yr earlier in the manufacture of NaTCP and its derivatives at two chemical plants. The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as evidenced by a mean serum TCDD level, lipid adjusted, of 200 ppt compared with a mean of 7 ppt in the unexposed reference group. The comparison group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides who lived in the same communities as the workers. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated in the medical examination. Logistic and linear regression analyses, which contained categorical and continuous measures of TCDD exposure, were performed to control for important confounders, including cigarette and alcohol consumption. No difference was found between workers and referents in the risk for chronic bronchitis or COPD. Analysis of the ventilatory function data revealed no association between history of exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD and the forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), or the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC%). RP CALVERT, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 144 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1306 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA GU988 UT WOS:A1991GU98800014 PM 1741543 ER PT J AU KLONTZ, KC GUNN, RA CALDWELL, JS AF KLONTZ, KC GUNN, RA CALDWELL, JS TI NEEDLESTICK INJURIES AND HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION IN FLORIDA PARAMEDICS - A STATEWIDE SURVEY SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B; NEEDLES AB Study objectives: To determine the incidence of needlestick injury among paramedics working in Florida during 1987, to describe the circumstances surrounding such injuries, and to assess the hepatitis B vaccination status of this group. Design: Survey of a systematic random sample of paramedics using a self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Florida. Type of participants: Paramedics. Main results: A completed questionnaire was returned by 300 of 500 paramedics (60%) who received the mailed questionnaire. Sixty-nine paramedics (23%) reported a total of 110 needlestick injuries. More than one third of injuries occurred in conjunction with recapping needles. Almost 62% of reported injuries could have been prevented had proper needle disposal technique been used. Sixty-two percent of paramedics reported having had at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Sixty-five percent of the unvaccinated paramedics said they would take the hepatitis B vaccine if it was offered free. Conclusion: The majority of needlestick injuries among paramedics in Florida could be prevented with proper needle disposal. Offering the hepatitis B vaccine at no charge to paramedics in Florida could increase the vaccination rate substantially. RP KLONTZ, KC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1310 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81072-8 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA GR823 UT WOS:A1991GR82300007 PM 1836120 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI THE CDC ROLE IN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81095-9 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA GR823 UT WOS:A1991GR82300030 PM 1660681 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, JJ BISHOP, HS HIGHTOWER, AW AF SULLIVAN, JJ BISHOP, HS HIGHTOWER, AW TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 4 SPECIES OF COPEPODS, FROM AREAS OF ENDEMIC DRACUNCULUS-MEDINENSIS, TO THE NORTH-AMERICAN D-INSIGNIS SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRET C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO COLLABORATING CTR RES TRAINING & ERADICAT DRACUNCULIASIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SULLIVAN, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 85 IS 6 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA HH727 UT WOS:A1991HH72700008 PM 1839817 ER PT J AU METTLIN, C BONFIGLIO, J BERG, RL NELSON, G NEWELL, GR PATTERSON, WB RICHARDSON, J RIMER, B SORENSON, A WARNECKE, R AF METTLIN, C BONFIGLIO, J BERG, RL NELSON, G NEWELL, GR PATTERSON, WB RICHARDSON, J RIMER, B SORENSON, A WARNECKE, R TI PREVENTION AND DETECTION IN OLDER PERSONS SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL WORKSHOP OF THE AMERICAN CANCER SOC : CANCER CONTROL AND THE OLDER PERSON CY MAR 14-16, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CANC SOC AB Older persons are appropriate targets for a range of prevention and early detection interventions, however, greater emphasis should be given to structuring the delivery of prevention and detection services to the special needs of this population. This may require research and program development to reach older persons in the most effective and cost-effective manner. The American Cancer Society and other program efforts must accommodate the heterogeneity and special needs of segments of the older population. Racial and cultural minorities, impoverished persons, the cognitively impaired, and the physically impaired are four groups requiring special attention. Early detection guidelines specific to older persons should be developed. C1 AMER CANC SOC,DEPT DETECT & TREATMENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR,DEPT CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,NORRIS COMPREHENS CANC CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. FOX CHASE CANC INST,DEPT POPULAT SCI BEHAV RES,CHELTENHAM,PA. NIA,BIOL AGING PROGRAM,NUTR PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SURVEY RES LAB,CHICAGO,IL. RP METTLIN, C (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ROSWELL PK MEM INST,666 ELM ST,BUFFALO,NY 14263, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP 2530 EP 2533 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19911201)68:11+<2530::AID-CNCR2820681510>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GQ294 UT WOS:A1991GQ29400009 PM 1933798 ER PT J AU BERKMAN, B STEVENSON, E CRAVEDI, KG DAVIS, A LAWRENCE, W MOR, V OSTRANDER, V RUBENSTEIN, LJ SPEERS, M WILSON, K AF BERKMAN, B STEVENSON, E CRAVEDI, KG DAVIS, A LAWRENCE, W MOR, V OSTRANDER, V RUBENSTEIN, LJ SPEERS, M WILSON, K TI ADVOCACY - NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE CANCER CONTROL GOALS SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL WORKSHOP OF THE AMERICAN CANCER SOC : CANCER CONTROL AND THE OLDER PERSON CY MAR 14-16, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CANC SOC AB As resources become increasingly scarce, oncology professionals and consumers of oncology services are increasingly engaging in advocacy efforts to achieve goals in cancer control. Effective advocacy includes both legislative and direct educational efforts. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CTR GERIATR EDUC,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. AMER CANC SOC,DEPT NURSING & PATIENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. US HOUSE REPRESENTAT,HOUSE AGING COMM,SUBCOMM HLTH & LONG TERM CARE,WASHINGTON,DC 20515. AMER CANC SOC,DEPT PUBL ISSUES,WASHINGTON,DC. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,MASSEY CANC CTR,RICHMOND,VA 23298. BROWN UNIV,CTR GERONTOL & HLTH CARE RES,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. AMER ASSOC RETIRED PERSONS,GEORGIA COUNCIL AGING,ATLANTA,GA. AMER ASSOC RETIRED PERSONS,HLTH ADVOCACY SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BERKMAN, B (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT SOCIAL SERV,FRUIT ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP 2540 EP 2542 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19911201)68:11+<2540::AID-CNCR2820681512>3.0.CO;2-X PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GQ294 UT WOS:A1991GQ29400011 PM 1933800 ER PT J AU BERNERT, JT AKINS, JR COOPER, GR POULOSE, AK MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ AF BERNERT, JT AKINS, JR COOPER, GR POULOSE, AK MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ TI FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACCURACY OF THE NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE VARIATION; SOURCE OF; ISOTOPE-DILUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY ID DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DEFINITIVE METHOD; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTERNAL STANDARD; PLANT STEROLS; OLEATE; PLASMA; ESTERS; ASSAY AB Previous comparisons between the Reference and Definitive Methods for measuring serum cholesterol have demonstrated a small but persistent positive bias in the Reference Method, averaging about + 1.6%. Here we describe the results of further investigations designed to better characterize the nature of this bias. Analysis of a well-characterized model serum sample (SRM 909) suggests that more than half of the difference in cholesterol values determined by the two methods is the result of small contributions from cholesterol precursor sterols and phytosterols, which are also measured for the Reference Method. An additional significant contribution may be from cholesterol oxidation products, particularly 7-hydroxycholesterol isomers, which are active in the Liebermann-Burchard reaction. The 7-hydroxycholesterol in SRM 909, most of which appeared to be already present in the serum rather than formed during saponification, may account for as much as 20% of the observed difference between the methods. Contributions from other possible sources, including impurities in the cholesterol standard and incomplete saponification of cholesteryl esters, are very small. Because the observed bias is both quite small and consistent among samples, the cholesterol Reference Method continues to meet all of the requirements generally expected for a dependable and effective Reference Method. RP BERNERT, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2053 EP 2061 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GX357 UT WOS:A1991GX35700006 PM 1764781 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, MLW MUELLER, PW CAUDILL, SP STEINBERG, KK AF MACNEIL, MLW MUELLER, PW CAUDILL, SP STEINBERG, KK TI CONSIDERATIONS WHEN MEASURING URINARY ALBUMIN - PRECISION, SUBSTANCES THAT MAY INTERFERE, AND CONDITIONS FOR SAMPLE STORAGE SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRY; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; VARIATION; SOURCE OF; SAMPLE HANDLING; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON ID ASSAY; IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRY; ELISA AB The measurement of small but abnormal amounts of albumin in urine is important in evaluating kidney disease in people with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or possible adverse health effects from exposure to nephrotoxins. Routine laboratory methods for measuring albumin are not sensitive enough to measure the amounts that are significant in urine (< 30 mg/L). In our laboratory we used three immunoassays for measuring urinary albumin: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and immunoturbidimetric assay (IT). We calculated the CVs of the three methods, investigated potential interfering substances at three times their normal concentrations, and stored urine under different conditions to find the best way to protect the sample until assay. The potential interferents we checked were transferrin, urea, beta(2)-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, creatinine, kappa and lambda light chains, IgG, hemoglobin, ketone, and glucose. The stability study involved two study temperatures (-20 and -70-degrees-C) and four treatments (centrifuging or filtering, before or after storage). We found the following: the RIA had the lowest CV; the results from the interference study showed no interference from normal physiological concentrations of the substances investigated; storage at -70-degrees-C regardless of the treatment should be adequate to prevent loss of albumin immunoreactivity. RP MACNEIL, MLW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2120 EP 2123 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GX357 UT WOS:A1991GX35700017 PM 1764788 ER PT J AU CLARK, RV STEINBERG, KK AF CLARK, RV STEINBERG, KK TI PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF BONE-DENSITY AS WOMEN ENTER MENOPAUSE - SIGNIFICANCE OF BODY-WEIGHT AND OVARIAN-FUNCTION SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP A836 EP A836 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW912 UT WOS:A1991GW91200221 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, GP STEWART, JA DOBBINS, JG AF MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, GP STEWART, JA DOBBINS, JG TI CYTOMEGALOVIRUS SEROPREVALENCE IN WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,LOUISVILLE,KY 40202. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP A809 EP A809 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW912 UT WOS:A1991GW91200079 ER PT J AU PEREZ, RL BULLARD, JC STATON, GW HUTWAGNER, LC BLACK, CM AF PEREZ, RL BULLARD, JC STATON, GW HUTWAGNER, LC BLACK, CM TI SEROPREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS IN NORTH CENTRAL GEORGIA SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP A868 EP A868 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GW912 UT WOS:A1991GW91200395 ER PT J AU WILSON, M MCAULEY, JB AF WILSON, M MCAULEY, JB TI LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP WILSON, M (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 923 EP 939 PG 17 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GX299 UT WOS:A1991GX29900008 PM 1802529 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF FILARIASIS SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT INFECT FB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 977 EP 1010 PG 34 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GX299 UT WOS:A1991GX29900011 PM 1802532 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW WILKINS, PP AF TSANG, VCW WILKINS, PP TI IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS - SCREEN WITH FAST-ELISA AND CONFIRM WITH IMMUNOBLOT SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1039 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GX299 UT WOS:A1991GX29900013 PM 1802520 ER PT J AU VINICOR, F OLSON, D SEPE, S AF VINICOR, F OLSON, D SEPE, S TI TRANSLATION EFFORTS IN DIABETES AND PREGNANCY SO DIABETES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP-CONF ON GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS CY NOV 08-10, 1990 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER DIABETES ASSOC RP VINICOR, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,1600 CLIFTON RD K10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 SU 2 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GV977 UT WOS:A1991GV97700042 PM 1660826 ER PT J AU MCCREADY, JA MORENS, D FIELDS, HA COLEMAN, PJ KANE, M SCHATZ, G AF MCCREADY, JA MORENS, D FIELDS, HA COLEMAN, PJ KANE, M SCHATZ, G TI EVALUATION OF ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY (EIA) AS A SCREENING METHOD FOR HEPATITIS-B MARKERS IN AN OPEN POPULATION SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS AB Commercially available kits for detection of hepatits B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were evaluated in American Samoa during a public health programme to eliminate the transmission of hepatitis B. The first 19184 serum specimens obtained, representing 68% of the total cooperating population, were initially tested for anti-HBs, and those without detectable antibody were tested for HBsAg. All the antigen-positive serum samples, and a selection of the antigen and antibody-negative specimens were tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of both markers. Compared with the standard tests, the EIA kits for anti-HBs and HBsAg performed well; sensitivity and specificity were 90.3 and 96.0%, respectively, for antibody, and 97.8 and 97.9% respectively for antigen. Substantial disagreement between the EIA and RIA tests for HBsAg was found only for specimens considered weakly reactive by EIA. Few differences were found between three EIA method options contributed about equally to improved test specificity for these 'borderline' specimens. Based on their demonstrated equivalence to the standard RIA tests, we conclude that the EIA kits for anti-HBs and HBsAg detection are suitable for use in hepatitis B control programmes in open populations. C1 UNIV HAWAII,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT PUBL HLTH SCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP MCCREADY, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 107 IS 3 BP 673 EP 684 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GX262 UT WOS:A1991GX26200022 PM 1752314 ER PT J AU DELAPAZ, MP PHILEN, RM BORDA, IA BERNERT, JT GANCEDO, JCB DUCLOS, PJ KILBOURNE, EM AF DELAPAZ, MP PHILEN, RM BORDA, IA BERNERT, JT GANCEDO, JCB DUCLOS, PJ KILBOURNE, EM TI MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AT 2 FRENCH RAPESEED OIL COMPANIES - POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS TO TOXIC OIL SYNDROME IN SPAIN SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INGESTION; ANILINE; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES AB The toxic oil syndrome (TOS) epidemic that occurred in Spain in spring 1981 has been associated with the consumption of rapeseed oil that was denatured with aniline for industrial use but diverted for human consumption. The precise aetiologic agent in the oil responsible for the outbreak has not been identified. To learn more about possible contaminants and how the contamination might have occurred, we visited two French companies that process rapeseed oil and that were identified in Spanish administrative and judicial records as the ones exporting aniline-denatured rapeseed oil to Spain in 1981. With the apparently full and voluntary co-operation of personnel at both companies, we reviewed the processes involved in manufacturing, treating and transporting rapeseed oil, and we have summarized the information provided to us. Of particular importance is the finding that oil exported to Spain was taken from stock, the rest of which was sold for human consumption in the French domestic market, apparently without any adverse health effects. The differences between the oil exported to Spain and the oil sold as food in France were that aniline equivalent to 2% of the weight of the oil was added to most of the Spanish oil but not to that sold in France, and that contamination of the Spanish oil may have occurred in the tank trucks used for transportation to Spain, which had previously carried industrial chemicals. There is no assurance that the trucks were cleaned appropriately for transporting a food product before the oil was loaded for the journey to Spain. Since the clinical manifestations of TOS are not those of aniline toxicity, we conclude that the aetiological agent of TOS is likely to be one of the following: (1) a contaminant in the aniline, (2) a contaminant introduced during transportation, (3) a reaction product of normal oil components or materials used in refining with either aniline or the potential contaminants mentioned under (1) or (2) above. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PROD LACTEOS ASTURIAS,E-33300 VILLAVICIOSA,SPAIN. HLTH & WELF CANADA,LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP DELAPAZ, MP (reprint author), MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO,FONDO INVEST SANITARIA,UNIDAD PROGRAM INVEST,ANTONIO GRILO 10,E-28015 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 797 EP 803 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA GY740 UT WOS:A1991GY74000001 ER PT J AU SAMUELSSON, SM EKBOM, A ZACK, M HELMICK, CG ADAMI, HO AF SAMUELSSON, SM EKBOM, A ZACK, M HELMICK, CG ADAMI, HO TI RISK-FACTORS FOR EXTENSIVE ULCERATIVE-COLITIS AND ULCERATIVE PROCTITIS - A POPULATION BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO GUT LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING AB To examine socioeconomic factors, dietary and other personal habits, and medical history as risk factors for ulcerative colitis, we studied 167 (98%) of all prevalent cases of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in Uppsala county from 1945 to 1964 and 167 age and sex matched population controls. Ulcerative colitis patients were less likely than controls to be current cigarette, pipe, or cigar smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.25-0.78), but more likely to have symptoms induced by drinking milk (OR = 4.63; 95% CL = 2.15-9.93). Patients with ulcerative colitis do not differ in most of the socioeconomic, dietary and personal habits compared with the background population. C1 UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT SURG,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. VARNHEMS HOSP,DEPT GERIAT,MALMO,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD DEC PY 1991 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1526 EP 1530 DI 10.1136/gut.32.12.1526 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GV497 UT WOS:A1991GV49700019 PM 1773960 ER PT J AU SHLEIEN, B RUTTENBER, AJ SAGE, M AF SHLEIEN, B RUTTENBER, AJ SAGE, M TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF CANCER IN POPULATIONS NEAR NUCLEAR-FACILITIES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA MORTALITY; NEVADA TEST SITE; YOUNG-PEOPLE; WEST CUMBRIA; RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT; CHILDREN BORN; POWER PLANT; INSTALLATIONS; RADIATION; VICINITY AB We reviewed over 40 epidemiologic studies around nuclear power stations, fuel reprocessing plants, and weapons production facilities and testing sites in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Canada. We examined these studies for their potential to support a cause and effect relationship between cancer risk and radiation exposure. The extent to which an epidemiologic study supports a causal relation between radiation exposure and increased cancer risk can be evaluated using a set of criteria that have become known as Hill's postulates. In our review, epidemiologic studies yielded results that were biologically plausible and were supported by experimental data, but in almost all of the studies the methodologies were not adequate for evaluating causality. In the majority of cases, the methodologies did not permit examination of dose-response associations, making it impossible to support or refute causal relations. We suggest that investigators consider these issues when designing studies and employ dose reconstruction methodology to estimate radiation doses for specific individuals and population groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP SHLEIEN, B (reprint author), SCINTA INC, 2421 HOMESTEAD DR, SILVER SPRING, MD 20902 USA. NR 87 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 61 IS 6 BP 699 EP 713 DI 10.1097/00004032-199112000-00001 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GT922 UT WOS:A1991GT92200001 PM 1955317 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM BERG, CJ RHODES, PH MCCARTHY, BJ AF ADAMS, MM BERG, CJ RHODES, PH MCCARTHY, BJ TI ANOTHER LOOK AT THE BLACK-WHITE GAP IN GESTATION-SPECIFIC PERINATAL-MORTALITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; AGE; PREGNANCY; SMOKING; RACE AB In the US, black infants born near or at term experience higher mortality than white infants. To extend our understanding of black-white differences in the relative advantages of growth (measured by birthweight) for gestational age, we compared race-specific rates of perinatal mortality by deviation in grams from the median birthweight for four categories of gestation (35-36, 37-38, 39-41, and 42-43 weeks). We also used race-specific standards to examine the difference between the median birthweight and the optimum birthweight (i.e. birthweight with the lowest mortality). The data, which were derived from vital records for singletons delivered in the US from 1983-1984, comprised 24 626 fetal and neonatal deaths among 5 157 197 white infants and 5973 fetal and neonatal deaths among 926 678 black infants. At all deviations from the median birthweight, black infants had relatively better survival at 35-36 weeks of gestation. This advantage was reversed among infants with gestations of 39-41 and 42-43 weeks. The optimum birthweight for black infants with gestations greater-than-or-equal-to 37 weeks was closer to their median birthweight than was that for white infants. For black infants with gestations of 39-41 weeks, the optimum birthweight was 187g (95% confidence interval (Cl): 150-234) greater than the median birthweight (3289g); for comparable white infants the optimum birthweight was 397g (95% Cl: 366-431) greater than the median birthweight (3487g). To reduce the black-white gap in perinatal mortality, we need a better understanding of aetiological relations between gestation, growth, and mortality. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.1093/ije/20.4.950 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY323 UT WOS:A1991GY32300018 PM 1800436 ER PT J AU MICHAELS, D ZOLOTH, SR STERN, FB AF MICHAELS, D ZOLOTH, SR STERN, FB TI DOES LOW-LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE INCREASE RISK OF DEATH - A MORTALITY STUDY OF NEWSPAPER PRINTERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MORTALITY; SMELTER WORKERS; SELECTION; EMPLOYEES; DISEASE; COHORT AB This exploratory study examined the mortality experience of a cohort of newspaper printers in order to investigate the effects of low-level exposure to lead. In this industry, historic lead exposure levels have been below the current US permissible exposure level (PEL) of 50-mu-g/m3. The study population was 1261 typesetters, employed in 1961 and followed until the end of 1984; this was a cohort of convenience, assembled as a comparison for a different study. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using New York City comparison rates. The all-cause SMR was 0.74, and was significantly different from 1.00. Other statistically significant deficits were deaths from arteriosclerotic heart disease (SMR = 0.63) and non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system (SMR = 0.57) and digestive system (SMR = 0.65). These can be attributed to the comparison bias known as the healthy worker effect. The SMR for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was 1.35, on the edge of statistical significance (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.82). When the cohort was stratified by years of union membership, a surrogate for length of exposure, only one cause of death was significantly elevated. For those printers employed for 30 years or more, the CVD SMR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.18-2.31; p = 0.002). No significant excesses were seen for any other cause of death in any exposure stratum. Several studies of workers with much higher levels of lead exposure have reported elevated CVD risk. These findings suggest the possibility that lead exposure at levels below the current US PEL may also be associated with CVD mortality. C1 CUNY HUNTER COLL,SCH HLTH SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MICHAELS, D (reprint author), CUNY,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & SOCIAL MED,NEW YORK,NY 10031, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 978 EP 983 DI 10.1093/ije/20.4.978 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY323 UT WOS:A1991GY32300022 PM 1800439 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT DIALLO, S ZELL, ER RHODES, P AF CUTTS, FT DIALLO, S ZELL, ER RHODES, P TI DETERMINANTS OF VACCINATION IN AN URBAN-POPULATION IN CONAKRY, GUINEA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; CHILDREN AB A community survey was conducted in 1989 in Conakry, Guinea to determine reasons for low vaccination coverage. Some 377 children aged 12-23 months and their guardians were studied, of whom 204 (54%) had vaccination records. According to their records 19% of children were fully and correctly vaccinated. Thirty-nine incompletely vaccinated children (19% of those with records) had sufficient documented contacts with health services to be fully vaccinated, but at least one immunization opportunity was missed. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with receipt of first dose diptheria/pertussis/tetanus/oral polio vaccine (DPT/OPV) and with completion of the DPT/OPV series. Factors determining initiation of the series included maternal education (assessed by ability to speak French), household possession of a television, maternal age less than 35 years, child's birth in hospital, and, for non-French speakers, the mother considering vaccination to be affordable. Factors determining completion of the DPT/OPV series, among children who began vaccination, included maternal education, employment, and past positive experience with vaccination services (short waiting times, not having been turned away from vaccination, and not knowing a child with a post-vaccine 'abscess'). Vaccination coverage can be substantially increased in Conakry by improving health services to avoid missed opportunities, following the vaccination schedule correctly, reducing waiting times and avoiding abscesses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT EO5,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HEALTH COMBATTING CHILDHOOD COMMUNICABLE DIS PROJECT,CONAKRY,GUINEA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1093/ije/20.4.1099 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GY323 UT WOS:A1991GY32300040 PM 1800410 ER PT J AU RODRIGUES, UM AGUIRRE, M FACKLAM, RR COLLINS, MD AF RODRIGUES, UM AGUIRRE, M FACKLAM, RR COLLINS, MD TI SPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MOLECULAR TYPING OF LACTOCOCCI BASED ON POLYMORPHISM OF DNA ENCODING RIBOSOMAL-RNA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RESTRICTION PATTERNS; STRAINS; ACIDS AB The rRNA gene restriction patterns or species of the genus Lactococcus were determined. Chromosomal DNA was digested with endonucleases and probed with radiolabelled DNA complementary to rRNA synthesized by random oligonucleotide priming using reverse transcriptase. Highly discriminatory restriction patterns were obtained which served to distinguish the five currently recognized lactococcal species. In addition the observed variations in the patterns at intra-specific level indicate that rRNA gene restriction fingerprinting may be of value in distinguishing the individual strains for epidemiological studies, and monitoring and checking authenticity of starter strains. C1 INST FOOD RES, DEPT MICROBIOL, READING LAB, READING RG2 9AT, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 71 IS 6 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb03825.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GU124 UT WOS:A1991GU12400005 PM 1685731 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, JA COLLINS, MD PIGOTT, NE FACKLAM, RR AF ELLIOTT, JA COLLINS, MD PIGOTT, NE FACKLAM, RR TI DIFFERENTIATION OF LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS AND LACTOCOCCUS-GARVIEAE FROM HUMANS BY COMPARISON OF WHOLE-CELL PROTEIN-PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-D STREPTOCOCCI; SP-NOV; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA AB We tested 12 reference and 24 clinical strains of lactococci for physiologic characteristics using a conventional test system, the Gen-Probe Enterococcus 2 chemiluminescence assay (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.), the Rapid Strep identification system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), and whole-cell protein analysis. The Gen-Probe Enterococcus 2 chemiluminescence assay for Enterococcus identification was negative with all strains. Neither the conventional test nor the Rapid Strep identification system could differentiate between the two Lactococcus spp. most commonly isolated from humans. A simple procedure, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was developed for comparing the whole-cell protein patterns of Lactococcus spp. L. lactis and L. garvieae were differentiated by unique protein patterns. C1 INST FOOD RES, DEPT MICROBIOL, READING LAB, SHINFIELD RG2 9AT, ENGLAND. RP ELLIOTT, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, RESP DIS BRANCH, LAB SECT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2731 EP 2734 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400010 PM 1757541 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JE ANDERSON, BE FISHBEIN, DB SANCHEZ, JL GOLDSMITH, CS WILSON, KH DUNTLEY, CW AF DAWSON, JE ANDERSON, BE FISHBEIN, DB SANCHEZ, JL GOLDSMITH, CS WILSON, KH DUNTLEY, CW TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EHRLICHIA SP FROM A PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA; INFECTION; DISEASE; TICKS; DNA AB A new disease was recognized in the United States in 1986. The etiologic agent, although not previously isolated from a human, appeared to be serologically related to Ehrlichia canis, a canine leukotropic rickettsia. We obtained blood specimens from 27 febrile patients with a history of tick exposure. Leukocytes from 24 patients not treated with tetracycline were placed onto a monolayer of DH82 cells. We performed indirect immunofluorescence on sera from all 27 febrile patients as well as sera from 12 patients with previously diagnosed ehrilichiosis. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were first observed in culture 35 days after the addition of infected blood from one patient. Partial sequencing of the rRNAs from the human isolate and E. canis indicated that they are 98.7% related. Positive indirect immunofluorescence reactions to the human isolate were obtained for all 12 previously diagnosed patients and for 33% of the 27 febrile patients. Two patients were seropositive for the human isolate but not for E. canis. No sera were positive for E. canis and negative for the human isolate. We report the isolation of a previously unrecognized Ehrlichia sp. that appears to be the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis. Serologic data (range of antibody titers, 256 to 32,768) in combination with rRNA sequencing indicated that the newly isolated Ehrlichia sp. is similar, but not identical, to E. canis. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT,DURHAM,NC 27705. USA,MED DEPT ACT,PREVENT MED SERV,FT SILL,OK 73503. DUKE UNIV,DEPT MED,DURHAM,NC 27706. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV PREVENT MED,DEPT FIELD STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP DAWSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 21 TC 294 Z9 307 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2741 EP 2745 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400012 PM 1757543 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JF MINTZ, ED GADBAW, JJ MAGNARELLI, LA AF ANDERSON, JF MINTZ, ED GADBAW, JJ MAGNARELLI, LA TI BABESIA-MICROTI, HUMAN BABESIOSIS, AND BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI IN CONNECTICUT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-DAMMINI; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; NANTUCKET ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODY-TEST; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; HAMSTERS AB Babesia microti was isolated from a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) that was captured in southeastern Connecticut in 1988, when the first human case of babesiosis acquired in Connecticut was recognized. To date, 13 cases of babesiosis have been reported in Connecticut, the largest number of human cases reported on the mainland United States. Two of nine patients queried remembered a prior tick bite. Since Babesia parasites are known to be vectored only by ticks, we surmise that 12 of these infections were acquired via tick bites; 1 was obtained by blood transfusion (the patient was 46 years of age) from an endemically infected donor. The ages of the patients with tick-acquired babesiosis ranged from 61 to 95 years. Two patients died with active infections, and one patient died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease soon after treatment with clindamycin and quinine. Indirect fluorescent-antibody titers of blood samples drawn at the time of hospitalization for 11 patients and at the time of active infection for 1 asymptomatic person ranged from 1:1,024 to 1:4,096. Five of eight patients with babesiosis also had significant immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M titers (1:640 to 1:5,120) to Borrelia burgdorferi. B. microti was isolated in Syrian hamsters inoculated with blood from 7 of 12 patients tested and was also isolated from mice captured in six towns. The peridomestic nature of the disease was demonstrated by isolating the parasite from white-footed mice captured in or near the yards of eight different patients. Of 59 mice tested, 27 were positive and 25 were coinfected with B. burgdorferi. The isolation of B. microti from a white-footed mouse captured in north-central Connecticut (West Hartford), away from the focus of human infections in southeastern Connecticut, suggests that this pathogen may spread into other areas where Ixodes dammini, the tick vector, becomes established. C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL SECT,HARTFORD,CT 06106. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LAWRENCE MEM HOSP,NEW LONDON,CT 06320. RP ANDERSON, JF (reprint author), CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504, USA. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2779 EP 2783 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400019 PM 1757548 ER PT J AU HICKMANBRENNER, FW STUBBS, AD FARMER, JJ AF HICKMANBRENNER, FW STUBBS, AD FARMER, JJ TI PHAGE TYPING OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYPHI; STRAINS; TYPHIMURIUM; TYPE-4 AB The number of reported isolates of Salmonella enteritidis has increased dramatically in the last 10 years. For many years phage typing has been a useful epidemiologic tool for studying outbreaks of S. typhi and S. typhimurium. In 1987, Ward et al. (L. R. Ward, J. De Sa, and B. Rowe, Epidemiol. Infect. 99:291-294, 1987) described a phage typing scheme for S. enteritidis. This system differentiated 27 phage types by use of 10 typing phages. With these phages, we typed 573 strains of S. enteritidis from humans (42 outbreaks), animals, food, and the environment. Ninety-six percent of the strains were typeable. The most common phage types were 8 (48.2%), 13a (20.1%), 13 (7.8%), and 14b (7.8%). Most of the strains were specifically collected from egg-related outbreaks in the northeastern United States in 1988 and 1989, probably accounting for the distribution of the four most common types in this sample. This system was particularly useful for differentiating a group of animal strains that had a number of diverse phage types. For 49 animal strains typed, 16 different patterns were obtained. Phage type 8 represented 32% of these strains, but no other phage type represented more than 8% of these strains. One-half of the 16 animal strains that were phage type 8 were from poultry. This phage typing system will be useful for comparing phage types found in the United States with those types encountered worldwide and for determining whether virulent strains of phage type 4 are entering the United States. Additional phage typing systems as well as molecular techniques are being studied to determine whether they can differentiate strains of phage types 8 and 13a. C1 US FDA,SE REG LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30309. RP HICKMANBRENNER, FW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2817 EP 2823 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400026 PM 1757554 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, BE DAWSON, JE JONES, DC WILSON, KH AF ANDERSON, BE DAWSON, JE JONES, DC WILSON, KH TI EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS, A NEW SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTION; RICKETTSIA; DNA AB The bacterial 16S rRNA genes from blood samples of two patients with human ehrlichiosis and from an isolate recovered from one of the patients were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction. The amplimers were then cloned and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was also determined for Ehrlichia canis (two strains), E. equi, E. phagocytophila (two strains), and E. sennetsu (two strains). These sequences, along with a previously published 16S rRNA gene sequence of E. risticii, were compared. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical for all three sources of the human ehrlichiosis agent. The sequence comparisons indicate that the human ehrlichiosis agent is a new species most closely related to E. canis (98.2%) and more distantly related to other Ehrlichia spp. We propose that this species be named Ehrlichia chaffeensis sp. nov., with the Arkansas strain as the type strain. C1 VET ADM MED CTR, INFECT DIS SECT, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. RP ANDERSON, BE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 23 TC 398 Z9 415 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2838 EP 2842 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400030 PM 1757557 ER PT J AU METCHOCK, B LONSWAY, DR CARTER, GP LEE, LA MCGOWAN, JE AF METCHOCK, B LONSWAY, DR CARTER, GP LEE, LA MCGOWAN, JE TI YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA - A FREQUENT SEASONAL STOOL ISOLATE FROM CHILDREN AT AN URBAN HOSPITAL IN THE SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTIONS AB From 1 December 1988 through 28 February 1991, 7,290 rectal swab specimens received in our laboratory were screened for Yersinia enterocolitica. A total of 76 patients had Y. enterocolitica isolated from their stool samples. Of these patients, 59 (77.6%) were 12 months old or younger. Y. enterocolitica was second only to Salmonella spp. in this age group. Routine screening for Y. enterocolitica may be warranted in hospitals serving large pediatric populations. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP METCHOCK, B (reprint author), GRADY MEM HOSP,80 BUTLER ST,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2868 EP 2869 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400036 PM 1757561 ER PT J AU MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG BIRKNESS, KA AF MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG BIRKNESS, KA TI ISOPRENOID QUINONES OF AFIPIA SPP SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The isoprenoid quinone contents of seven strains of "Afipia felis", the type strains of "A. clevelandensis" and "A. broomeae," and reference strains of three unnamed "Afipia" genospecies were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The quinone profiles of all "Afipia" strains were essentially identical, with ubiquinone 10 as the major component. The identity of ubiquinone 10 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. RP MOSS, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2904 EP 2905 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GP884 UT WOS:A1991GP88400048 PM 1757572 ER PT J AU CASPER, M WING, S STROGATZ, D AF CASPER, M WING, S STROGATZ, D TI VARIATION IN THE MAGNITUDE OF BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN STROKE MORTALITY BY COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; JOHN-HENRYISM; HEART-DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; MEN; STRESS; POPULATION; DEATH AB Study objective - The aim was to examine the patterns of black-white differences in stroke mortality across communities with varying levels of occupational structure in the southern region of the United States Design - Annual age adjusted race-sex specific rates for stroke mortality were calculated for the years 1979-1981 and related to socioeconomic conditions. Setting - The study involved 211 state economic areas comprising the southern region of the USA. Study population - Data on stroke mortality for black and white men and women between the ages of 35 and 74 years living in the study area were acquired from the National Center for Health Statistics. Measurements and main results - Occupational structure was measured as the proportion of white collar workers in each state economic area, and is an indicator of the employment opportunities and related social and economic resources of a community. Stratified analyses and linear regression modelling indicate that communities of lower occupational structure have (a) higher levels of stroke mortality for all four race-sex groups (p < 0.05) and (b) larger racial inequalities in stroke mortality (p < 0.01). For men and women, the excess stroke mortality among blacks compared to whites is larger in communities of lower occupational structure. Conclusions - Consideration of occupational structure and related patterns of economic development is crucial for understanding the distribution of stroke mortality within and between racial groups, as well as for planning effective public health interventions. The larger racial inequalities in communities of lower occupational structure in the south suggest that aspects of the black experience which are conducive to high rates of stroke mortality are exacerbated in those communities. Public health interventions to reduce the racial and social inequalities in stroke mortality should recognise the social context within which nutritional, occupational, medical care, and environmental determinants of stroke are distributed. C1 SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP CASPER, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,M-S K-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5-ROI-HL42320-01] NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1136/jech.45.4.302 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU346 UT WOS:A1991GU34600012 PM 1795152 ER PT J AU SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D SCHMID, DS WHITTINGTON, W BROWN, D REEVES, WC CHATTERJEE, S WHITLEY, RJ PELLETT, PE AF SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D SCHMID, DS WHITTINGTON, W BROWN, D REEVES, WC CHATTERJEE, S WHITLEY, RJ PELLETT, PE TI EVALUATION OF A TEST BASED ON BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED GLYCOPROTEIN-G FOR DETECTION OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; GENE AB An immunoblot assay for discrimination of antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 was devised using extracts of recombinant-baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing HSV-1 or -2 glycoprotein G (gG1 or gG2). The assay was evaluated by comparing its results with those obtained by using an immunodot assay based on gG immunopurified from HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells. Each of 110 human serum specimens was tested blindly and independently three times. At a serum dilution of 1:20, the maximum specificities were 96% and 100% and the maximum sensitivities were 100% and 92% for gG1 and gG2, respectively. Reproducibility was 99% among readers and 95% among individually tested samples of each specimen. Results obtained in two laboratories from a different set of 15 serum specimens were in complete agreement, indicating the assay is accurate and reproducible. The ease of antigen production should allow the test to become widely available. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP G-18,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BIOKIT SA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT & MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. FU ACF HHS [AF-52187]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-62554, AI-635733] NR 15 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1196 EP 1199 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GR660 UT WOS:A1991GR66000023 PM 1659601 ER PT J AU GRABOWSKY, M MARKOWITZ, L AF GRABOWSKY, M MARKOWITZ, L TI SEROLOGIC SCREENING, MASS IMMUNIZATION, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP GRABOWSKY, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MAILSTOP EO5,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30324, USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1238 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GR660 UT WOS:A1991GR66000035 PM 1955727 ER PT J AU LAL, RB BRODINE, SK COLIGAN, JE ROBERTS, CR AF LAL, RB BRODINE, SK COLIGAN, JE ROBERTS, CR TI DIFFERENTIAL ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS TO P19 GAG RESULTS IN SEROLOGICAL DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTLV-I/II; GAG ANTIBODY; LINEAR EPITOPES ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HTLV-II; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; LYMPHOMA; GENE AB A new algorithm based upon the differential antibody responses to two gag gene products (p19 and p24) of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) has been suggested for serologic discrimination of HTLV type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) [Lillihoj et al., 1990]. To evaluate the practical usefulness of this algorithm, serum specimens from HTLV-seropositive individuals whose infection was confirmed by PCR analysis to be HTLV-I (n = 60) or HTLV-II (n = 61) were analyzed by western blot. The intensities of the antibody response to p24gag and p19gag were scored by one individual without prior knowledge of PCR results. According to the algorithm, specimens with p19 greater-than-or-equal-to p24 were classified as HTLV-I, whereas specimens with p19 < p24 were classified as HTLV-II. Of 60 PCR confirmed HTLV-I specimens, 56 had p19 greater-than-or-equal-to p24 (93%) while 4 had p19 < p24. Of 61 PCR confirmed HTLV-II specimens, 56 had p19 < p24 (92%) and 5 had p19 greater-than-or-equal-to p24. The overall accuracy of serologic differentiation when using this algorithm was 92%, as 4 of 60 HTLV-I (7%) and 5 of 61 HTLV-II (8%) could have been wrongly classified. Although the differential antibody response to p19gag and p24gag provides a simple means of serologically distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in population-based epidemiological studies, in a clinical context more accurate means of confirmation are required. The dominant p19gag responses were mapped to the C-terminus of p19 (p19(102-117)). Competitive inhibition of p19gag response by peptide p19(102-107), however, did not abrogate the binding of serum specimens from HTLV-I-infected individuals. C1 USN HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DIAGNOST RETROVIROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890350404 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA GR591 UT WOS:A1991GR59100003 PM 1687064 ER PT J AU COLLINS, JJ BUNCHER, CR HALPERIN, W AF COLLINS, JJ BUNCHER, CR HALPERIN, W TI MANAGING THE QUALITY AND CONDUCT OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NIOSH,SURVEILLANCE & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP COLLINS, JJ (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,EPIDEMIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63167, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1213 EP 1215 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU910 UT WOS:A1991GU91000005 PM 1800675 ER PT J AU FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE OKUN, AH AF FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE OKUN, AH TI ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Three principles can improve epidemiologic studies (1) Conduct open scientific review of research protocols and final reports, (2) Disseminate study results to all appropriate parties, and (3) Incorporate new scientific methods into the research and utilize expertise from other disciplines. The procedures we describe are used within the Industrywide Studies Branch of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to implement these principles. RP FINGERHUT, MA (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1233 EP 1235 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU910 UT WOS:A1991GU91000009 PM 1800679 ER PT J AU BUNCHER, CR COLLINS, JJ HALPERIN, W AF BUNCHER, CR COLLINS, JJ HALPERIN, W TI POSSIBLE PROGRESS AND UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS RESULTING FROM GUIDELINES ON GOOD EPIDEMIOLOGIC PRACTICES SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BUNCHER, CR (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1261 EP 1264 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GU910 UT WOS:A1991GU91000017 PM 1839311 ER PT J AU AMBROSINO, DM BLACK, CM PLIKAYTIS, BD REIMER, CB LEE, MC EVATT, BL CARLONE, GM AF AMBROSINO, DM BLACK, CM PLIKAYTIS, BD REIMER, CB LEE, MC EVATT, BL CARLONE, GM TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G SUBCLASS VALUES IN HEALTHY BLACK-AND-WHITE CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE; IMPAIRED ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IGG SUBCLASSES; B DISEASE; DEFICIENCY; INFECTIONS; POLYSACCHARIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; RECURRENT AB To determine whether IgG subclass concentrations differed between healthy black and white children, we measured IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 immunoglobulins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 246 black children aged 6 to 42 months. We then compared these values with the normal values established for 664 white children aged 6 to 60 months. The IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclass concentrations of the black children were lower than those for white children; many of the values were below the 95% confidence limits established for white children: 46 (19%) of 246 IgG2 values and 19 (8%) of 246 IgG4 values for black children were below the normal limits. We compared the geometric mean values for black and white children, as determined for each 6-month age grouping between 6 and 42 months of age; 367 of the 664 white children were less than 42 months of age and were included in this analysis. The geometric mean values for IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 levels were consistently lower for black children than for white children. The differences were significant for IgG1 subclass values of those children older than 24 months and for IgG2 and IgG4 values of those children older than 18 months. No consistent differences were noted for IgG3 subclass values. We conclude that young black children have lower IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 serum concentrations than are found in white children. If normal IgG values for white children are used, healthy black children may be erroneously classified as IgG subclass deficient. The mechanism and biologic relevance of these population differences need to be evaluated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, MOLEC BIOL LAB, BLDG 1, ROOM 1260, A36, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, DANA FARBER CANC INST, INFECT DIS LAB, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. RP CARLONE, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, MOLEC BIOL LAB, BLDG 1, ROOM 1260, A36, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29623, AI24659] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 119 IS 6 BP 875 EP 879 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)83036-7 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GV185 UT WOS:A1991GV18500005 PM 1960601 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE ROBERTS, JM AF COLLINS, WE ROBERTS, JM TI ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE AS A HOST FOR GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATES OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT STRAINS; MONKEYS; MALARIA AB The G-3 strain of Anopheles gambiae was compared with 2 other strains of An. gambiae and An. freeborni, An. stephensi, and An. dirus for susceptibility to infection with 7 different geographic strains of Plasmodium vivax. Ratios of infection varied, indicating that certain strains of P. vivax were more infectious to the G-3 strain of An. gambiae than to other anopheline species/strains. Based on the comparative number of oocysts per mosquito, the relationships between the 3 strains of An. gambiae were closer than between the G-3 strain of An. gambiae and the 3 other species of Anopheles. Anopheles gambiae appears to be a very useful host for laboratory studies with P. vivax from different geographic origins. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ479 UT WOS:A1991GZ47900009 PM 1787402 ER PT J AU POLDER, JA BELL, DM CURRAN, J FURMAN, L GOOCH, B HUGHES, J JAFFE, H MARGOLIS, H MARIANOS, D MARTONE, W MARTIN, L SHAPIRO, C AF POLDER, JA BELL, DM CURRAN, J FURMAN, L GOOCH, B HUGHES, J JAFFE, H MARGOLIS, H MARIANOS, D MARTONE, W MARTIN, L SHAPIRO, C TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTING TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND HEPATITIS-B VIRUS TO PATIENTS DURING EXPOSURE-PRONE INVASIVE PROCEDURES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 36, PG 65-75, 1987) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint AB This document has been developed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to update recommendations for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the health-care setting. Current data suggest that the risk for such transmission from a health-care worker (HCW) to a patient during an invasive procedure is small; a precise assessment of the risk is not yet available. This document contains recommendations to provide guidance for prevention of HIV and HBV transmission during those invasive procedures that are considered exposure-prone. RP POLDER, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 SN 0003-0538 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 81 IS 12 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA GY670 UT WOS:A1991GY67000006 ER PT J AU MCCAUSTLAND, KA BI, SL BRADLEY, DW AF MCCAUSTLAND, KA BI, SL BRADLEY, DW TI APPLICATION OF 2 RNA EXTRACTION METHODS PRIOR TO AMPLIFICATION OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS NUCLEIC-ACID BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; RNA EXTRACTION METHOD; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (IP); GLASS POWDER (GP); PCR ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; BECKMAN AIRFUGE; DNA; PARTICLES; IDENTIFICATION AB Amplification of the enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (HEV) RNA using conventional reverse transcriptase reactions followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cDNA has not been successful. However, after application of two different RNA capture/extraction methods we were able to amplify HEV nucleic acid from clinical samples and specimens from experimentally infected animals. The first procedure, adapted from an immune electron microscopy (IEM) technique, incorporated an immunocapture step with concentration of the virus-antibody complexes by pelleting in a Beckman airfuge. In the second method, glass powder (or size-fractionated silicon dioxide) was used to capture the RNA from its surrounding milieu by adsorption of the nucleic acid to the silicate particles. Since conventional immunoassays for HEV antigen or antibody are not currently available, the use of these RNA extraction methods, coupled with PCR techniques, will be valuable in screening clinical specimens and in further defining the course of disease using animal infectivity studies. C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP MCCAUSTLAND, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 3 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90074-A PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA GY153 UT WOS:A1991GY15300009 PM 1816258 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, O RIMSTAD, E HORNES, E STROCKBINE, N WASTESON, Y LUND, A WACHSMUTH, K AF OLSVIK, O RIMSTAD, E HORNES, E STROCKBINE, N WASTESON, Y LUND, A WACHSMUTH, K TI A NESTED PCR FOLLOWED BY MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF AMPLIFIED FRAGMENTS FOR DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN GENES SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NESTED PCR; MAGNETIC SEPARATION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; SEGMENTS C1 NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,N-0033 OSLO 1,NORWAY. RP OLSVIK, O (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MSCO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(05)80014-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA GT551 UT WOS:A1991GT55100004 PM 1779981 ER PT J AU BROOKS, GF OLINGER, L LAMMEL, CJ BHAT, KS CALVELLO, CA PALMER, ML KNAPP, JS STEPHENS, RS AF BROOKS, GF OLINGER, L LAMMEL, CJ BHAT, KS CALVELLO, CA PALMER, ML KNAPP, JS STEPHENS, RS TI PREVALENCE OF GENE-SEQUENCES CODING FOR HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS OF OPA (PROTEIN-II) IN NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GONOCOCCUS INFECTION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; SURFACE-PROTEINS; PHASE VARIATION; LEUKOCYTE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLONY OPACITY AB Opas (protein IIs) are a family of surface-exposed proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Each strain of N. gonorrhoeae has multiple (10-11) genes encoding for Opas. Identifiable elements in opa genes include the coding repeat within the signal sequence, conserved 5' and 3' regions, and hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) located within the structural gene. N. gonorrhoeae strains appear to have many biological properties in common that are either HV-region-mediated or associated with the presence of specific HV regions, suggesting that HV regions could be found in many clinical isolates. Oligonucleotides from three source strains representing three conserved regions of opa, 12 HV1 regions, and 14 HV2 regions were used by dot blot analysis to probe 120 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. The probe for the coding repeat hybridized to all 120 strains, the 3' conserved-region probe reacted with 98% of the strains, and the 5' conserved-region probe with 90% of the strains. Nine HV1 probes hybridized to 3.3-39.2% of the strains, and 13 of the HV2 probes hybridized to 1.7-25% of the isolates. Analysis of the number of probes that hybridized to each of the isolates showed that 19% did not hybridize with any of the HV1 probes and 25% did not hybridize with any of the HV2 probes. Approximately three-quarters of the isolates hybridized with one, two or three of the HV1 probes or one, two or three of the HV2 probes; 89% of the isolates hybridized to least one HV1 or one HV2 probe. The data indicate that some genes encoding HV regions of N. gonorrhoeae Opa proteins are widely distributed in nature. C1 NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,MICROBIAL STRUCT & FUNCT LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROOKS, GF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2 PO1 AI21912] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 12 BP 3063 EP 3072 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01866.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA GW806 UT WOS:A1991GW80600023 PM 1809845 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HAR MARTINEZ, AJ VISVESVARA, GS SOTREL, A AF GARDNER, HAR MARTINEZ, AJ VISVESVARA, GS SOTREL, A TI GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS IN AN AIDS PATIENT SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AB A 39-year-old man with AIDS died after developing a variety of neurologic symptoms and signs. CT showed multiple enhancing lesions in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. Postmortem examination revealed parenchymal hemorrhagic and necrotizing lesions with a thrombo-occlusive vasculitis due to Acanthamoeba, which was typed as Acanthamoeba group 2, probably A rhysodes, by immunofluorescence. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,DEPT NEUROPATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GARDNER, HAR (reprint author), BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,330 BROOKLINE AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1993 EP 1995 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GW473 UT WOS:A1991GW47300028 PM 1745363 ER PT J AU ROLFS, RT SCHMID, GP AF ROLFS, RT SCHMID, GP TI THE UNITED-STATES SYPHILIS EPIDEMIC - REASON FOR OPTIMISM (AT LEAST FOR THE MOMENT) SO NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COCAINE USE RP ROLFS, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MED SOC STATE OF NY PI LAKE SUCCESS PA 420 LAKEVILLE RD P O BOX 5404, LAKE SUCCESS, NY 11042 SN 0028-7628 J9 NEW YORK STATE J MED PD DEC PY 1991 VL 91 IS 12 BP 522 EP 524 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV810 UT WOS:A1991GV81000002 PM 1798617 ER PT J AU SAFTLAS, AF OLSON, DR ATRASH, HK ROCHAT, R ROWLEY, D AF SAFTLAS, AF OLSON, DR ATRASH, HK ROCHAT, R ROWLEY, D TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN THE INCIDENCE OF ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE, 1979-1987 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; COCAINE USE; PREGNANCY; ASSOCIATION; MEMBRANES; PREVIA AB Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta is a serious complication of pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we estimated rates of abruptio placentae in the United States for the years 1979-1987 and examined the association of this condition with several demographic risk factors and coexisting obstetric conditions. In 1987, the national rate was 11.5 cases per 1000 deliveries. The rate of abruptio placentae increased significantly between the years 1979-1987 among women of all racial groups. The increase in the rate of placental abruption occurred mainly among women under the age of 25, unmarried women, and women on Medicaid compared with those who had private insurance. Women with placental abruption were 54 times more likely to have coagulopathies and 11 times more likely to have stillbirths than those without placental abruption. Twin gestations, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia were also associated with placental abruption. Although the cause for the increase in the incidence of abruptio placentae is not known, most of the increase occurred among women likely to be financially and socially disadvantaged. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 30 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1086 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GR679 UT WOS:A1991GR67900019 PM 1945212 ER PT J AU KING, GE MARKOWITZ, LE PATRIARCA, PA DALES, LG AF KING, GE MARKOWITZ, LE PATRIARCA, PA DALES, LG TI CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MEASLES-VACCINE DURING THE 1990 MEASLES EPIDEMIC SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE; VACCINE EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION ID MORTALITY; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; FIELD; RISK; AREA; AGE AB Because of increased measles incidence in the United States during 1989 and 1990 and the recent finding of genomic differences between vaccine virus and contemporary wild measles viruses, we conducted a study to determine whether the current measles vaccine had become less effective. Household secondary attack rates for 203 California children ages 1 to 5 years were 4.2 and 77.8% for vaccinated and unvaccinated children, respectively, and the vaccine efficacy was 95% (95% confidence interval: 89%, 97%). The protective efficacy for postexposure vaccination and use of IG were both low, 4% (95% confidence interval: < 0, 36%) and 8% (95% confidence interval: < 0, 59%), respectively. The measles vaccine efficacy found in this study is similar to those obtained in previous years and indicates that the measles epidemic of 1989 to 1990 occurred despite high vaccine effectiveness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,EPIDEMIOL RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,INFECT DIS BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP KING, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV MS-E06,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 10 IS 12 BP 883 EP 888 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA GU156 UT WOS:A1991GU15600001 PM 1766702 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG STEWART, JM FINTON, RJ WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM DICKERSON, JW SPENCER, HC JURANEK, DD AF ADDISS, DG STEWART, JM FINTON, RJ WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM DICKERSON, JW SPENCER, HC JURANEK, DD TI GIARDIA-LAMBLIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTIONS IN CHILD DAY-CARE-CENTERS IN FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DAY CARE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA AB Risk factors for the introduction, spread and persistence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia infections in child day-care centers are not well understood. In 1989 and 1990 stool specimens were obtained from 292 diapered children attending 17 randomly selected day-care centers in Fulton County, GA; 8 (2.7%) children in 2 centers were infected with Cryptosporidium and 21 (7.2%) children in 7 centers were infected with Giardia. In 1986 the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in these same centers had been 0.4 and 11.0%, respectively; the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, but not Giardia, increased significantly (P = 0.04) between 1986 and 1989 to 1990. Risk factors for Giardia infection included day-care attendance for > 3 months, the presence of toddlers in the classroom and the presence of other children in the household. Day-care centers with a Giardia-positive child in 1986 were not more likely to have an infected child in 1989 to 1990. Cryptosporidium, like Giardia, may be endemic in day-care centers in Fulton County. C1 FULTON CTY HLTH DEPT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 10 IS 12 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA GU156 UT WOS:A1991GU15600005 PM 1766706 ER PT J AU MAYERS, MM DAVENNY, K SCHOENBAUM, EE FEINGOLD, AR SELWYN, PA ROBERTSON, V OU, CY ROGERS, MF NACCARATO, M AF MAYERS, MM DAVENNY, K SCHOENBAUM, EE FEINGOLD, AR SELWYN, PA ROBERTSON, V OU, CY ROGERS, MF NACCARATO, M TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF INFANTS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SEROPOSITIVE AND SERONEGATIVE WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USE OR OF INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USING SEX PARTNERS, IN THE BRONX, NEW-YORK-CITY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE FEMALE IV DRUG USERS; PEDIATRIC HIV INFECTION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED HIV-INFECTION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; TYPE-1; BORN; DIAGNOSIS; PREGNANCY; SURVIVAL AB A prospective study was conducted in the Bronx, New York, of 70 infants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (n = 33) and uninfected (n = 37) mothers who had a history of intravenous drug use or of intravenous drug-using sex partners. Infants were observed from birth to a median age of 23 months (range 3 to 54 months). HIV infection was confirmed in seven infants (21%) of seropositive mothers; six developed HIV disease, with symptoms observed in the first year. Of these, three died (3, 9, and 36 months) of HIV-related causes; 3 of 4 survivors were > 25 months of age. HIV symptoms preceded or were concurrent with abnormalities in T-lymphocyte subsets; postneonatal polymerase chain reaction confirmed HIV infection in five infants with symptoms and one without symptoms. Among infants of seropositive mothers, seven without laboratory evidence of HIV (including polymerase chain reaction) had findings suggestive of HIV infection, including persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, oral candidiasis, parotitis, and inverted T-lymphocyte ratios. These findings were not observed in infants of seronegative mothers. Although the presence of HIV proviral sequences was associated with HIV disease, the observation of indeterminate symptoms in at-risk infants indicates the importance of long-term clinical follow-up to exclude HIV infection. Disease manifestations in comparable infants of seronegative mothers are important for assessment of the impact of maternal drug use, development of specific clinical criteria for early diagnosis of HIV and eligibility for antiretroviral therapy. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,N CENT BRONX HOSP,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,N CENT BRONX HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10461. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DAVENNY, K (reprint author), YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,N CENT BRONX HOSP,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU200941] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1991 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1248 EP 1256 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GU883 UT WOS:A1991GU88300026 PM 1956745 ER PT J AU ENG, TR BORGES, ML HARLIN, VK KOBAYASHI, JM AF ENG, TR BORGES, ML HARLIN, VK KOBAYASHI, JM TI SCREENING FOR HEPATITIS-B DURING PREGNANCY - AWARENESS OF CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS AMONG WASHINGTON HOSPITALS SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION AB Acute care hospitals in Washington State that reported births (n = 77) were surveyed regarding their awareness of and compliance with the Centers for Disease Control recommendations for hepatitis B screening of pregnant women. Of these, 62 hospitals (81%) were aware of the recommendations and 39 (51%) routinely screened pregnant women who did not have a history of prenatal care at the time of delivery. In all, 68 hospitals (88%) had hepatitis B vaccine and 54 (70%) had hepatitis B immune globulin available on site. Despite awareness of the current recommendations for hepatitis B screening, barriers exist that prevent many hospitals from fully implementing them. C1 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,AIRINDUSTRIAL PK,MS LP-19,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL OFF,SEATTLE,WA. RP BORGES, ML (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,AIRINDUSTRIAL PK,MS LP-19,OLYMPIA,WA 98504, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 155 IS 6 BP 613 EP 615 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GV455 UT WOS:A1991GV45500003 PM 1667448 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL REMINGTON, PL ANDA, RF SANDERSON, L ZAIDI, AA AF ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL REMINGTON, PL ANDA, RF SANDERSON, L ZAIDI, AA TI STATE LAWS AND THE USE OF CAR SAFETY SEAT BELTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI 53701. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 28 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 22 BP 1586 EP 1587 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR380 UT WOS:A1991GR38000032 PM 1944447 ER PT J AU BROOME, CV BREIMAN, RF AF BROOME, CV BREIMAN, RF TI PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNIZATION RP BROOME, CV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 21 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 21 BP 1506 EP 1508 DI 10.1056/NEJM199111213252109 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GQ406 UT WOS:A1991GQ40600009 PM 1944428 ER PT J AU KELLEY, PW PETRUCCELLI, BP STEHRGREEN, P ERICKSON, RL MASON, CJ AF KELLEY, PW PETRUCCELLI, BP STEHRGREEN, P ERICKSON, RL MASON, CJ TI THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF YOUNG-ADULT AMERICANS TO VACCINE-PREVENTABLE INFECTIONS - A NATIONAL SEROSURVEY OF UNITED-STATES-ARMY RECRUITS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; EPIDEMIC MEASLES; RUBELLA; POPULATION; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY; MUMPS AB Objective. - Due to recent resurgences of measles, mumps, and rubella among young US adults, we sought to generate antibody prevalence data for national and military immunization policy evaluations. Design. - We used a questionnaire and serological survey of Army recruits to assess antibody status to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 by microneutralization assay. Setting. - Basic training reception centers at Fort Benning, Ga, and Fort Jackson, SC. Patients. - The study included 1547 US Army recruits who were inducted during September and October 1989. Outcome Measures. - Seronegativity by various demographic factors. Results. - Seronegativity rates, directly adjusted to the 15- to 24-year-old US population in 1980, were 20.7% for measles, 15.6% for mumps, 17.5% for rubella, and 6.9% for varicella. For measles, mumps, and rubella, susceptibility was less in females, blacks, and college-educated recruits, and varicella susceptibility was greater in females and blacks. Recruits who were born after 1969 lacked measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies more often than older recruits. The adjusted seronegativity rates for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 2.3%, 0.6%, and 14.6%, respectively; trends by age, sex, and race-ethnicity were generally unremarkable. Conclusions. - Among young adult Americans, susceptibility to measles, mumps, and rubella is unevenly distributed and may be substantial. Our findings support national objectives to further improve immunization coverage in school-age and adult populations and provide further impetus for legislation requiring college entrants to present evidence of having received at least two doses of measles vaccine, with one on or after entry into elementary school. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KELLEY, PW (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV PREVENT MED,ADV PREVENT MED STUDIES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 42 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 19 BP 2724 EP 2729 DI 10.1001/jama.266.19.2724 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GP691 UT WOS:A1991GP69100028 PM 1942425 ER PT J AU WARD, EM ROBERTS, D STREICHER, R BOENIGER, M FAJEN, J AF WARD, EM ROBERTS, D STREICHER, R BOENIGER, M FAJEN, J TI AN ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS FOR BLADDER-CANCER AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO ORTHO-TOLUIDINE AND ANILINE - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID AROMATIC-AMINES; MORTALITY C1 NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP WARD, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 20 PY 1991 VL 83 IS 22 BP 1686 EP 1687 DI 10.1093/jnci/83.22.1686-a PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GQ242 UT WOS:A1991GQ24200022 ER PT J AU HATTIS, RP GREER, JR DIETRICH, S OLAFSSON, S MCANDREW, KR AF HATTIS, RP GREER, JR DIETRICH, S OLAFSSON, S MCANDREW, KR TI CHLORINE GAS TOXICITY FROM MIXTURE OF BLEACH WITH OTHER CLEANING PRODUCTS - CALIFORNIA (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 619-629, PG 646, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HOUSEHOLD C1 LONG BEACH MEM HOSP MED CTR,LONG BEACH,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOMA LINDA UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,LOMA LINDA,CA 92350. RP HATTIS, RP (reprint author), PATTON STATE HOSP,3102 E HIGHLAND AVE,PATTON,CA 92369, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2529 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000007 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, CA BERKELMAN, RL JAFFE, HW AF CIESIELSKI, CA BERKELMAN, RL JAFFE, HW TI THE MECHANISM OF HIV-INFECTION IN PATIENTS OF THE FLORIDA DENTIST - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP CIESIELSKI, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2559 EP 2559 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000016 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, GF MULINARE, J EDMONDS, L AF CHAVEZ, GF MULINARE, J EDMONDS, L TI HEMOLYTIC-DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN - LOWEST ACHIEVABLE INCIDENCE RATES - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID ISOIMMUNIZATION; EXPERIENCE RP CHAVEZ, GF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2562 EP 2562 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000027 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO MOSHER, WD CATES, W AF ARAL, SO MOSHER, WD CATES, W TI SELF-REPORTED PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; BEHAVIOR; RISK; CHLAMYDIA AB Objective. - To assess any changes in the characteristics of women with self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) between 1982 and 1988 and to evaluate the role of additional behavioral factors. In 1982, PID was a frequent problem among American women of reproductive age, occurring in one in seven. It was also more common among older (greater-than-or-equal-to 30 years) than younger women, more common among blacks than among whites, and more common among formerly married women than among those currently married. Design. - We analyzed data on self-reported PID from the cycle IV National Survey of Family Growth, conducted in 1988. Sample. - The survey was conducted with a multistage probability sample of 8450 women. Results. - The findings from 1982 were all replicated. Additional variables available in 1988 show that PID is more common among women with multiple (two or more) sexual partners (10% to 22%) compared with those with only one lifetime partner (7%) and among women who report a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) (26%) compared with those with no STD history (10%). Controlling for other variables, age, race, vaginal douching, age at first intercourse, STD history, and number of lifetime partners emerged as independent predictors of self-reported PID among American women of reproductive age. Conclusion. - PID is still a widely prevalent condition among American women; PID is associated with a variety of risk factors for STD. Prevention of lower genital tract infection is crucial to avoiding PID and its sequelae. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,NATL SURVEY FAMILY GROWTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2570 EP 2573 DI 10.1001/jama.266.18.2570 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000033 PM 1942402 ER PT J AU WASHINGTON, AE CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN AF WASHINGTON, AE CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN TI PREVENTING PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; BARRIER-METHOD; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY CARE; RISK AB Effective strategies for preventing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are crucial to protect women from adverse reproductive consequences and to avoid substantial economic losses. To identify current PID prevention options and assess their efficacy, we conducted a literature search and examined relevant data in published reports. We organized our review by level of participation (ie, individuals, providers, and communities) and prevention (ie, primary, secondary, and tertiary). For individuals, several prevention strategies related to personal protection appear promising, but few have been appropriately evaluated. For providers of health care, five prevention measures are recommended, including such primary prevention activities as counseling and patient education in addition to the usual diagnosis and treatment. Specific evidence supporting the efficacy of these provider practices, however, is limited. For communities, maintaining comprehensive sexually transmitted disease control strategies to prevent lower genital tract chlamydial and gonococcal infection is most important in reducing both symptomatic and asymptomatic PID. We provide specific recommendations for preventing PID and outline research needs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WASHINGTON, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,CTR REPROD HLTH POLICY RES,1388 SUTTER ST,11TH FLOOR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94109, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24768]; PHS HHS [282-88-0018] NR 75 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2574 EP 2580 DI 10.1001/jama.266.18.2574 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000034 PM 1942403 ER PT J AU WASHINGTON, AE ARAL, SO WOLNERHANSSEN, P GRIMES, DA HOLMES, KK AF WASHINGTON, AE ARAL, SO WOLNERHANSSEN, P GRIMES, DA HOLMES, KK TI ASSESSING RISK FOR PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND ITS SEQUELAE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE; TUBAL INFERTILITY; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; CLINICAL-TRIAL; BARRIER-METHOD AB To assess the risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a practitioner must evaluate the likelihood that a woman has PID or will be exposed to a sexually transmitted disease causing PID. Successful risk assessment depends on accurate information about variables influencing risk of PID. To determine the current state of knowledge about PID risk variables, we examined data in published reports. Data on each risk variable were scrutinized to discern which link(s) in the PID risk chain it affects (acquisition of a sexually transmitted disease, development of PID, or development of PID sequelae) and whether it is a risk marker or a risk factor. Most PID risk variables, particularly sexual behaviors, are associated with acquisition of a sexually transmitted disease, rather than development of PID itself. With the exception of age, demographic and social indicators of risk appear to be risk markers, while contraceptive practices appear more often to be risk factors than risk markers. Additional data are needed for most PID risk variables confidently to categorize them as risk factors. Enough information is available, however, to begin assessing risk for PID, so that appropriate counseling can ensue and timely diagnosis can be made. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LUND UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,S-22101 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP WASHINGTON, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,CTR REPROD HLTH POLICY RES,1388 SUTTER ST,11TH FLOOR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24768]; PHS HHS [282-88-0018] NR 77 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2581 EP 2586 DI 10.1001/jama.266.18.2581 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000035 PM 1942404 ER PT J AU PETERSON, HB WALKER, CK KAHN, JG WASHINGTON, AE ESCHENBACH, DA FARO, S AF PETERSON, HB WALKER, CK KAHN, JG WASHINGTON, AE ESCHENBACH, DA FARO, S TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - KEY TREATMENT ISSUES AND OPTIONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CLINDAMYCIN-GENTAMICIN; GYNECOLOGIC INFECTIONS; SULBACTAM AMPICILLIN; DOXYCYCLINE; THERAPY; WOMEN; CIPROFLOXACIN; METRONIDAZOLE; SALPINGITIS AB Objective. - To examine available data regarding optimal antimicrobial therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and to address selected treatment issues confronting clinicians caring for women with PID. Data Sources. - Studies evaluated to help establish the Centers for Disease Control's 1989 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines and other reports published since 1985. A MEDLINE search of English-language literature was conducted using the indexing terms ''pelvic inflammatory disease'' or ''pelvic infections'' or ''salpingitis'' and ''treatment.'' In addition, abstracts and bibliographies of articles and books were reviewed. Study Selection. - Studies were selected for detailed review if they evaluated the effectiveness of an antimicrobial regimen for treatment of PID. Data Extraction. - All studies were evaluated to determine the numbers of women treated and the percentage with clinical or microbiologic evidence of cure. Data Synthesis. - A variety of combination antimicrobial regimens are highly effective in providing clinical and microbiologic evidence of cure; few data are available to assess optimal therapy for prevention of late sequelae. Because PID is polymicrobial in cause, recommended antimicrobial regimens are broad-spectrum in coverage. Conclusions. - No single agent that provides sufficient coverage is currently available. Several combination regimens appear highly effective clinically even among women with tubo-ovarian abscess formation. Uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for prevention of late sequelae complicate decisions regarding the choice among regimens and the appropriateness of ambulatory treatment of women with PID. Pending better data, hospitalization should be strongly considered, where feasible, particularly for those women with PID desiring further childbearing. Sex partners of all women with PID should be treated. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP PETERSON, HB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24768]; PHS HHS [282-88-0018] NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 18 BP 2605 EP 2611 DI 10.1001/jama.266.18.2605 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN660 UT WOS:A1991GN66000038 PM 1658404 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM SELIK, RM SORO, B GAYLE, H COLEBUNDERS, RL AF DECOCK, KM SELIK, RM SORO, B GAYLE, H COLEBUNDERS, RL TI FOR DEBATE - AIDS SURVEILLANCE IN AFRICA - A REAPPRAISAL OF CASE DEFINITIONS SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; HIV INFECTION; IVORY-COAST; TUBERCULOSIS; ABIDJAN; UGANDA; EPIDEMIC; KINSHASA; FOLLOW; ZAIRE C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST NATL SANTE PUBL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. ROYAL INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RP DECOCK, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E-50,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 9 PY 1991 VL 303 IS 6811 BP 1185 EP 1188 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GP488 UT WOS:A1991GP48800030 PM 1747620 ER PT J AU CATES, W HINMAN, AR AF CATES, W HINMAN, AR TI SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN THE 1990S SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 7 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 19 BP 1368 EP 1370 DI 10.1056/NEJM199111073251908 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GN470 UT WOS:A1991GN47000008 PM 1922239 ER PT J AU STLOUIS, ME CONWAY, GA HAYMAN, CR MILLER, C PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ AF STLOUIS, ME CONWAY, GA HAYMAN, CR MILLER, C PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN DISADVANTAGED ADOLESCENTS - FINDINGS FROM THE UNITED-STATES-JOB-CORPS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MILITARY SERVICE; SEROPREVALENCE; APPLICANTS; EPIDEMIC; RISK AB Objective. - To describe the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among socially and educationally disadvantaged young persons in the United States. Design. - We analyzed demographic and geographic findings from the screening of Job Corps students for antibody to HIV. Setting. - The Job Corps is a federal training program for disadvantaged, out-of-school youth. Population Screened. - Residential students aged 16 to 21 years who entered the Job Corps from October 1987 through February 1990. Main Outcome Measure. - Rates of observed HIV infection in entering students, stratified by demographic and geographic features. Results. - Of 137 209 Job Corps students screened, 488 were HIV seropositive (3.6 per 1000), a seroprevalence rate higher than that among military applicants of the same age. Overall seroprevalence was slightly higher in male (3.7 per 1000) than in female (3.2 per 1000) Job Corps students, but among those students aged 16 and 17 years, seroprevalence was higher among females (2.3 per 1000) than among males (1.5 per 1000) (P < .05). For students aged 16 to 21 years, seroprevalence increased with year of age: 1.8 per 1000 per year for males and 0.7 per 1 000 per year for females. Among those aged 21 years, HIV prevalence was 8.9 per 1000. For black and Hispanic students from large Northeastern cities, seroprevalence increased by 4.3 per 1000 per year of age and reached 24.8 per 1000 (one of 40) in students aged 21 years. However, among students from rural areas and small towns, HIV seroprevalence was disproportionately high in the Southeast. Compared with recently described US patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV-infected students who entered the Job Corps were much more likely to be female. Conclusions. - These findings show that disadvantaged, out-of-school adolescents are at high risk for HIV infection. The screening results identified surprisingly high seroprevalence in the southeastern United States and demonstrated a marked shift in the HIV epidemic to young women. Controlling the HIV epidemic among teenagers must include interventions that will reach adolescents early and outside of the formal educational system. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT LABOR,EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADM,OFF JOB CORPS,WASHINGTON,DC 20210. NR 21 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 17 BP 2387 EP 2391 DI 10.1001/jama.266.17.2387 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GM790 UT WOS:A1991GM79000024 PM 1920745 ER PT J AU HIGGINS, DL GALAVOTTI, C OREILLY, KR SCHNELL, DJ MOORE, M RUGG, DL JOHNSON, R AF HIGGINS, DL GALAVOTTI, C OREILLY, KR SCHNELL, DJ MOORE, M RUGG, DL JOHNSON, R TI EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECTS OF HIV ANTIBODY COUNSELING AND TESTING ON RISK BEHAVIORS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TAKING BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; CONDOM USE; FOLLOW-UP; KNOWLEDGE; AIDS AB Objective. - To review published abstracts, journal articles, and presentations for evidence of the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody counseling and testing on risk behaviors. Studies reviewed focused on homosexual men, intravenous drug users in treatment programs, pregnant women, and other heterosexuals. Data Sources. - Peer-reviewed journals (January 1986 through July 1990) and published abstracts and oral presentations from the second (1986) through the sixth (1990) International Conferences on AIDS. Study Selection. - We identified 66 studies that included data on the behavioral effects of HIV antibody counseling and testing. By consensus of the authors, 16 of these were excluded because of small sample size or inadequate study design. Data Extraction. - Studies were assessed by the authors according to methodological strength (sample selection, inclusion of appropriate comparison groups, and inclusion of statistical tests of significance). Data Synthesis. - All longitudinal studies of homosexual men reported reductions in risky behavior among both tested and untested men, and a few reported greater decreases among seropositive men than among seronegative men and those untested or unaware of their serostatus. For intravenous drug users in treatment, we found reductions in intravenous drug use and sexual risk behaviors regardless of counseling and testing experience. We found little evidence for the impact of counseling and testing on pregnancy and/or pregnancy termination rates for either seropositive or seronegative high-risk women. We noted substantial risk reduction among heterosexual couples with one infected partner. Findings among other heterosexuals at increased risk were scanty and mixed. Conclusions. - Further studies should specifically address the behavioral consequences of counseling and testing in various settings. RP HIGGINS, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 76 TC 386 Z9 387 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 17 BP 2419 EP 2429 DI 10.1001/jama.266.17.2419 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GM790 UT WOS:A1991GM79000030 PM 1920748 ER PT J AU NAHMIAS, J GOLDSMITH, R SCHANTZ, P SIMAN, M ELON, J AF NAHMIAS, J GOLDSMITH, R SCHANTZ, P SIMAN, M ELON, J TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF HUMAN HYDATID-DISEASE (ECHINOCOCCOSIS) IN COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN ISRAEL - EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES IN THE TOWN OF YIRKA SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE HYDATID DISEASE; ECHINOCOCCOSIS; OUTBREAK; SEROSURVEY; IMAGING SURVEY; ANIMAL SURVEY; ISRAEL; DRUZE ID TURKANA AB The resurgence of hydatid disease in communities in northern Israel led to epidemiologic studies in 1988 in the town of Yirka, a semirural Druze community of 8200 persons. In domestic animal surveys, 8% of 63 dogs tested after an arecoline purge and 10% of 255 sheep at the abattoir were found to be infected. In a randomized serosurvey of 758 persons using the indirect hemagglutination test (positive titer greater-than-or-equal-to 1:512), 9% (68) had a titer greater-than-or-equal-to 1:64, 2.2% had a titer greater-than-or-equal-to 1:256 and 0.9% had a titer greater-than-or-equal-to 1:512. Of those with titers greater-than-or-equal-to 1:64, 59 were evaluated by abdominal sonography and chest x-ray: 6 of the 59 were found to be persons who previously had had a liver or a lung hydatid cyst surgically removed; 6 other persons (5 with negative indirect hemagglutination titers) were found to have a newly detected asymptomatic cyst. Of the latter group, hydatid confirmation was subsequently obtained by surgery for 2 persons and by arc 5 and/or immunoblot assay for 4 persons. Thus, the cumulative percentage of confirmed present or recent past hydatid infections was 12/758 (1.6%) leading to an extrapolated rate of 1583/100,000 persons. This ranks Yirka among the highly endemic areas for hydatidosis worldwide. The study also showed that imaging methods were more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination serologic test for conducting a prevalence survey. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. ZEVULUN CLIN,KIRIAT MOTZKIN,ISRAEL. KUVIN CTR STUDY INFECT & TROP DIS,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. YIRKA CLIN,YIRKA,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,IL-84120 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0001-706X(91)90067-T PG 10 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA GR233 UT WOS:A1991GR23300001 PM 1686139 ER PT J AU PIENIAZEK, D PERALTA, JM FERREIRA, JA KREBS, JW OWEN, SM SION, FS CELSO, FR SERENO, AB DESA, CAM WENIGER, BG HEYWARD, WL OU, CY PIENIAZEK, NJ SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA AF PIENIAZEK, D PERALTA, JM FERREIRA, JA KREBS, JW OWEN, SM SION, FS CELSO, FR SERENO, AB DESA, CAM WENIGER, BG HEYWARD, WL OU, CY PIENIAZEK, NJ SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA TI IDENTIFICATION OF MIXED HIV-1/HIV-2 INFECTIONS IN BRAZIL BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; HIV-1; HIV-2; BRAZIL; PROTEASE ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; DNA-POLYMERASE; HIV-2; ANTIBODIES AB Analysis of sera from hospitalized Brazilian patients by whole-virus lysate-based enzyme immunoassay and Western blot indicated that 0.4% were reactive to HIV-2 alone while 4% were reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. When these sera were tested for HIV antibody by type-specific peptide enzyme immunoassays, dual seropositivity was confirmed in only 0.4% of patients. To define genetically the HIV strains within the population, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from selected seropositive patients for the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Independent primers/probes sets were used for the amplification and detection of viral sequences from the long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, and protease (prt) gene regions. Our findings confirmed the serologic evidence of HIV-2 in Brazil and determined the extent of mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Detailed evaluation of the amplified viral protease sequences by endonuclease restriction analysis and DNA sequencing independently confirmed mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in the two patients seropositive for HIV-1 and HIV-2. The data further indicated that these isolates are distinct from the HIV laboratory standards. We interpret the combination of culture and PCR findings to demonstrate the presence of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Brazil. C1 FDN OSWALDO CRUZ,RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,HOSP CLEMENTINO FRAGA FILHO,RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,HOSP GAFFREE & GUINLE,RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP PIENIAZEK, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,CID G-15,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1991 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1097/00002030-199111000-00002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GR093 UT WOS:A1991GR09300002 PM 1768377 ER PT J AU HART, CE WESTHAFER, MA GALPHIN, JC OU, CY BACHELER, LT PETTEWAY, SR WASMUTH, JJ CHEN, ISY SCHOCHETMAN, G AF HART, CE WESTHAFER, MA GALPHIN, JC OU, CY BACHELER, LT PETTEWAY, SR WASMUTH, JJ CHEN, ISY SCHOCHETMAN, G TI HUMAN CHROMOSOME-DEPENDENT AND CHROMOSOME-INDEPENDENT PATHWAYS FOR HIV-2 TRANSACTIVATION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TAR RNA; TYPE-1 ENHANCER; PROTEIN; GENE; TRANSACTIVATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ELEMENT AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV types 1 and 2) replication is controlled by the interaction of viral-encoded regulatory proteins and host cellular proteins with the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). The presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 trans-activator proteins, tat1 and tat2, respectively, greatly increases viral gene expression from their homologous LTRs. It is unclear if the cellular factors that support tat1-directed trans-activation of the HIV-1 LTR are the same for tat2 trans-activation of the HIV-2 LTR. Human-Chinese hamster ovary hybrid cell clones were used to probe for human chromosomes involved in regulating HIV-1 and HIV-2 tat-directed trans-activation. DNA transfection experiments showed that the presence of human chromosome 12 in human-hamster hybrid clones was necessary for high-level tat-directed trans-activation of the HIV-1 and -2 LTR. Cross-trans-activation of the HIV-2 LTR by tat1 was found to be chromosome 12 independent. In addition, chromosome 12 did not support trans-activation of another human retrovirus (human T-cell leukemia virus type I). Our results suggest that HIV-1 and -2 have evolved to employ a cellular pathway(s) encoded on human chromosome 12 for supporting homologous tat-directed trans-activation. Trans-activation of the HIV-2 LTR by tat1 in chromosome 12-minus cells suggests that multiple cellular pathways can be recruited to trans-activate the HIV-2 LTR and that these pathways may have been important in an HIV-like progenitor virus. C1 DUPONT CO,DIV MED PROD,WILMINGTON,DE 19898. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,SCH MED,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP HART, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 7 IS 11 BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.877 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GR010 UT WOS:A1991GR01000004 PM 1760228 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, JG ROSENBERG, ML AF RODRIGUEZ, JG ROSENBERG, ML TI THE FAMILY PHYSICIANS ROLE IN PREVENTING CHILDHOOD INJURIES SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP RODRIGUEZ, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1620 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GQ618 UT WOS:A1991GQ61800009 PM 1950958 ER PT J AU BENNETT, JV ROGERS, MF AF BENNETT, JV ROGERS, MF TI CHILD SURVIVAL AND PERINATAL INFECTIONS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; NEWBORNS; INFANTS; TYPE-1; ZAIRE AB A mathematical model was developed to assess the effect of various assumed prevalence rates of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on perinatally acquired HIV infections and child survival. The model indicates that for children younger than 5 years, countries with low baseline mortality rates will experience greater relative increases in child mortality rates and larger proportions of HIV-caused deaths in children than countries with high mortality rates. It also suggests that perinatal HIV infection could become the most common cause of deaths in children in the developed world if maternal infection rates reach 2% to 3%. Rates of 25% to 30% would be needed to produce a similar effect in the developing world. Child survival gains in the last three decades in the developed world could be quickly erased at low levels of maternal HIV infection, but gains would not be completely offset in the developing world until more than 40% of mothers became infected with HIV. When basic demographic information and the maternal HIV infection rate are known, the model permits a direct assessment of infant and child mortality caused by HIV. It can also be used to estimate the prevalence of maternal HIV infection when values for all other variables are known. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BENNETT, JV (reprint author), CARTER CTR,TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,1 COPENHILL,ATLANTA,GA 30307, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 145 IS 11 BP 1242 EP 1247 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GN260 UT WOS:A1991GN26000014 PM 1951214 ER PT J AU GALLAHER, MM HAUCK, FR YANGOSHIDA, M SERDULA, MK AF GALLAHER, MM HAUCK, FR YANGOSHIDA, M SERDULA, MK TI OBESITY AMONG MESCALERO PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN - ASSOCIATION WITH MATERNAL OBESITY AND BIRTH-WEIGHT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; CHILDHOOD; PREGNANCY; HEALTH; GROWTH; HEIGHT AB The prevalence of obesity among native American children ranks with the highest in the United States. However, little is known about associated risk factors for obesity among these children. We conducted a medical record review of 261 preschool children enrolled in the Mescalero Apache tribe to determine the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors. The prevalence of obesity (weight for height > 95th percentile) in this population was 19.5%. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index >95th percentile) in their mothers was 23%. Children with obese mothers were more than twice as likely to be obese than children of nonobese mothers. Children with a high birth weight were three times as likely to be obese as children of low or normal birth weight. The high prevalence of obesity may be due to both life-style and dietary patterns on the reservation. Family-based interventions are needed to prevent obesity and its long-term consequences in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MESCALERO INDIAN HLTH SERV HOSP,MESCALERO,NM. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 145 IS 11 BP 1262 EP 1265 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GN260 UT WOS:A1991GN26000017 PM 1951217 ER PT J AU MILI, F EDMONDS, LD KHOURY, MJ MCCLEARN, AB AF MILI, F EDMONDS, LD KHOURY, MJ MCCLEARN, AB TI PREVALENCE OF BIRTH-DEFECTS AMONG LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS - A POPULATION STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA; TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN AB Major birth defects are diagnosed in about 3% to 4% of infants during their first year of life. Because many infants with birth defects have intrauterine growth retardation, are born prematurely, or both, the rate of birth defects undoubtedly varies according to the infant's birth weight. Nevertheless, the magnitude of such variation has not, to our knowledge, been adequately studied in well-defined populations. We analyzed data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta (Ga) Congenital Defects Program for 1978 through 1988. These data included information on 11 398 infants who were diagnosed with serious birth defects among 317 499 singleton live-born infants. Although the overall rate of birth defects was 3.6%, we observed a striking inverse relationship between the birth defects rate and the infants' birth weights. The birth defect rates were 16.2% for newborns weighing less than 1500 g at birth, 13.2% for newborns weighing from 1500 g to 1999 g, 6.2% for newborns weighing from 2000 g to 2499 g, 3.2% for newborns weighing from 2500 g to 3999 g, and 2.8% for newborns weighing 4000 g or more. Analyses by type of defect indicated that most birth defects were significantly associated with low birth weight. The higher risk of birth defects among low-birth-weight infants demonstrates that birth defects contribute to excess morbidity among low-birth-weight infants. Because of the overlap between birth defects and low birth weight, the prevention of low birth weight in the population depends greatly on a better recognition of the complex etiology of low birth weight and, in part, on the delineation of risk factors that influence the occurrence of birth defects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 52 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 145 IS 11 BP 1313 EP 1318 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GN260 UT WOS:A1991GN26000030 PM 1951228 ER PT J AU MAST, EE HARMON, MW GRAVENSTEIN, S WU, SP ARDEN, NH CIRCO, R TYSZKA, G KENDAL, AP DAVIS, JP AF MAST, EE HARMON, MW GRAVENSTEIN, S WU, SP ARDEN, NH CIRCO, R TYSZKA, G KENDAL, AP DAVIS, JP TI EMERGENCE AND POSSIBLE TRANSMISSION OF AMANTADINE-RESISTANT VIRUSES DURING NURSING-HOME OUTBREAKS OF INFLUENZA A (H3N2) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMANTADINE; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; NURSING HOMES; ORTHOMYXOVIRUS TYPE-A, HUMAN ID A VIRUS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; RIMANTADINE; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; STRAIN AB Outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2, A/Shanghai/11/87-like) occurred in two partially (60% and 79%) vaccinated nursing home populations in January 1988. A retrospective cohort study using chart review was designed to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis (100 mg per day) in controlling the outbreaks and to determine the amantadine susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from case-patients. The point estimate of vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza-like illness was -33% (95% confidence interval -115% to 18%). However, 9% of vaccinated case-patients died within 14 days after onset of influenza-like illness compared with 26% of unvaccinated case-patients (relative risk = 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.1-1.0). There was no significant difference in illness severity among case-patients who became ill before amantadine prophylaxis was started (n = 84) compared with those who became ill while taking amantadine (n = 34). Four virus isolates obtained before amantadine prophylaxis was started demonstrated 52-68% inhibition by 1-mu-g/ml of amantadine; by comparison, six isolates (resistant viruses) obtained from residents who became ill while taking amantadine demonstrated 1-18% inhibition. The resistant viruses had four different RNA sequences in the gene coding for the M2 protein transmembrane region. Three resistant viruses with identical RNA sequences were isolated from residents living in contiguous rooms who had onset of signs and symptoms during a 6-day interval. Further studies are needed to determine how frequently and under what circumstances resistant viruses occur when antiviral agents are used to control institutional influenza A outbreaks. Strategies for antiviral agent administration that limit the emergence and transmission of resistant virus strains may be needed. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI. SHEBOYGAN CTY HLTH DEPT,SHEBOYGAN,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Gravenstein, Stefan/G-1681-2011 NR 39 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 9 BP 988 EP 997 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GQ914 UT WOS:A1991GQ91400009 PM 1951297 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK WINN, DW AF WAGENER, DK WINN, DW TI INJURIES IN WORKING POPULATIONS - BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARE AB Background. Although "accidents and adverse effects" mortality is higher among Blacks than Whites, annual injury rates reported in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) are lower among Blacks. We evaluated the influence of sociodemographic risk factors on injury rates among working adults. Methods. NHIS data from 1983 through 1987 for currently working adults were used. Methods were developed to estimate standard errors using data from different sample frames and sample sizes. Results. Working Blacks had fewer reported injuries requiring medical attention or restriction of usual activities than working Whites (22.0 vs 27.0 per 100 persons per year). The difference was pronounced among younger adults in both sexes and among both poor and nonpoor. However, age, sex, and income could not completely explain racial differentials. "At-work" injury rates (36% of all injury episodes) were similar for Blacks and Whites (9.2 vs 9.9 per 100 persons per year), except low-income Blacks and Blacks in service or blue-collar occupations had nonsignificantly smaller at-work injury rates. Conclusions. Possible reporting biases could not be completely eliminated. However, available evidence does not rule out a true difference in injury rates by race, highlighting the complexity of understanding the etiology of injuries and, hence, developing public health programs to prevent injuries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HEALTH STAT,DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1991 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1408 EP 1414 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.11.1408 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX609 UT WOS:A1991GX60900006 PM 1951796 ER PT J AU METLER, R CONWAY, GA STEHRGREEN, J AF METLER, R CONWAY, GA STEHRGREEN, J TI AIDS SURVEILLANCE AMONG AMERICAN-INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; SYPHILIS; SEROPOSITIVITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; RISK; HIV AB To assess the human immuno-deficiency virus epidemic among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), we examined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case and seroprevalence data through December 1990. While AI/AN had a low 1990 reported AIDS case rate (4.0/100 000), the increase in diagnosed cases adjusted for reporting delays from 1989 to 1990 was higher (23.1%) among AI/AN than any other racial/ethnic group. Seroprevalence data for military applicants have documented higher rates for AI/AN than for either Whites or Asian/Pacific Islanders. RP METLER, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1991 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1469 EP 1471 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.11.1469 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX609 UT WOS:A1991GX60900015 PM 1951804 ER PT J AU WILKINS, PP MADDISON, SE SLEMENDA, SB TSANG, VCW AF WILKINS, PP MADDISON, SE SLEMENDA, SB TSANG, VCW TI ISOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES IN RHESUS-MONKEYS TO AN ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGEN OF SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI - AN INDICATOR OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MACACA-MULATTA; ANTIBODIES AB A study was undertaken to examine the potential role of immunodiagnostic methods in determining successful chemotherapy in schistosomiasis. Fifteen rhesus monkeys were infected with 1,500 Schistosoma mansoni (Puerto Rico strain) cercariae, and 10 of the monkeys were then treated with a curative dose of praziquantel 13 weeks after infection. Five monkeys remained untreated. One monkey was not successfully cured, as confirmed by the presence of both male and female worms at the time of perfusion. Serum samples were longitudinally collected and specific Ig isotypes were quantified with an adult microsomal antigen of S. mansoni using the FAST(R)-ELISA. Specific isotypes were detected with monoclonal antibodies specific for each human Ig isotype, followed by a peroxidase-conjuagted anti-mouse Ig. Longitudinally, all monkeys showed similar isotype patterns. Isotypes increased for the first nine weeks following infection, and then began to decrease. Ten to 14 days following treatment, all isotypes increased. The Ig isotype responses of all monkeys followed classic patterns of isotype expression. A ratio of pretreatment (week 13) IgG1 absorbance values to post-treatment IgG1 absorbance values was generated for each monkey. All successfully treated monkeys, determined to be worm-free by perfusion, had IgG1 ratios at week 53 greater than 2.4 (range 2.4-181). The untreated monkeys and the single monkey that was a treatment failure had IgG1 ratios less than 2.1 (range 0.09-2.05) for the same time period. RP WILKINS, PP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GR917 UT WOS:A1991GR91700014 PM 1951874 ER PT J AU KOOPMANS, M VANWUIJCKHUISESJOUKE, L SCHUKKEN, YH CREMERS, H HORZINEK, MC AF KOOPMANS, M VANWUIJCKHUISESJOUKE, L SCHUKKEN, YH CREMERS, H HORZINEK, MC TI ASSOCIATION OF DIARRHEA IN CATTLE WITH TOROVIRUS INFECTIONS ON FARMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORONAVIRUS-LIKE AGENT; WINTER DYSENTERY; BREDA VIRUS; DAIRY-CATTLE; EPIZOOTIC DIARRHEA; CALF DIARRHEA; ADULT CATTLE; CALVES; FECES; ROTAVIRUS AB An epidemiologic survey was performed to determine the incidence of torovirus infections in 2 disease entities of cattle: diarrhea of replacement calves up to 2 months old, and winter dysentery of adult cattle. Samples were obtained from 187 diarrheal and 115 healthy calves from 15 farms, as well as 149 diarrheal and 67 healthy cows from 27 farms with or without winter dysentery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of torovirus, rotavirus, and coronavirus antigen in feces, and of torovirus and coronavirus antibodies in serum were used to monitor infections in these groups. Torovirus was detected in 9 of the 15 farms in the study, and in 6% of calves with diarrhea, which was significantly higher than in healthy calves (2%). Seroconversion to torovirus was found significantly more often after winter dysentery episodes than on farms without a disease history; coronavirus seroconversion was less common. C1 ANIM HLTH SERV GELDERLAND,6880 BD VELP,NETHERLANDS. STATE UNIV ANTWERP,DEPT HERD HLTH & REPROD,3584 CL UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. STATE UNIV ANTWERP,DEPT LARGE ANIM MED & NUTR,3584 CL UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. STATE UNIV ANTWERP,DEPT INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,3584 CL UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP KOOPMANS, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1773 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GM321 UT WOS:A1991GM32100003 PM 1664668 ER PT J AU GERBER, AR VALDISERRI, RO JOHNSON, CA SCHWARTZ, RE HANCOCK, JS HEARN, TL AF GERBER, AR VALDISERRI, RO JOHNSON, CA SCHWARTZ, RE HANCOCK, JS HEARN, TL TI QUALITY OF LABORATORY PERFORMANCE IN TESTING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ANTIBODY - VARIABLES ASSOCIATED IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CENTERS; PROGRAMS AB In May 1988, the Centers for Disease Control's Model Performance Evaluation Program (Atlanta, Ga) surveyed 1092 laboratories that performed enzyme immunoassays and Western blot tests for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody on mailed plasma samples of known human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody reactivity and that described their laboratory characteristics and testing practices. The study objective was to evaluate the quality of laboratory performance in testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody. After identifying relevant variables in univariate analyses, multivariate analyses were performed using stepwise logistic models. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody test performance was independently associated with analytic variables such as commercial test kit used and with nonanalytic variables such as experience, training, and degree requirements of laboratory personnel. These results validate the importance of nonanalytic variables to the quality of outcomes in laboratory testing. RP GERBER, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,MAILSTOP G-23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1091 EP 1096 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA GN261 UT WOS:A1991GN26100005 PM 1747026 ER PT J AU JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL AF JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-6 DETECTED BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION IN INVASIVE SINONASAL PAPILLARY SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; INVERTED PAPILLOMAS; DNA; HPV; HEAD; NECK AB Eight sinonasal carcinomas (one adenocarcinoma, two undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and five squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated for evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33. All eight cases were negative for HPV infection by in situ hybridization, while a single HPV-6-positive case was identified by the polymerase chain reaction. The HPV-positive case was an invasive papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. Although HPV-6 is usually associated with benign anogenital condylomata, it has been identified in malignant lesions of the upper respiratory tract. This may reflect exposure of the upper aerodigestive tract to additional carcinogens, such as smoke and alcohol, superimposed on the background proliferative stimulus of the HPV infection. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MOLEC PATHOL & ULTRASTRUCT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1150 EP 1153 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA GN261 UT WOS:A1991GN26100014 PM 1660705 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA TI NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY CANCER COMMUNICATION SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HN950 UT WOS:A1991HN95000001 PM 1845166 ER PT J AU DARROW, WW AF DARROW, WW TI THE AIDS DISASTER - THE FAILURE OF ORGANIZATIONS IN NEW-YORK AND THE NATION - PERROW,C, GUILLEN,MF SO CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS LA English DT Book Review RP DARROW, WW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1722 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2981 SN 0094-3061 J9 CONTEMP SOCIOL JI Contemp. Sociol.-J. Rev. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 938 EP 939 DI 10.2307/2076216 PG 2 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA GV191 UT WOS:A1991GV19100116 ER PT J AU DOERN, GV GERLACH, EH JORGENSEN, JH MURRAY, PR THORNSBERRY, C WASHINGTON, JA AF DOERN, GV GERLACH, EH JORGENSEN, JH MURRAY, PR THORNSBERRY, C WASHINGTON, JA TI QUALITY-CONTROL LIMITS FOR DISK DIFFUSION AND BROTH MICRODILUTION SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS WITH HAEMOPHILUS TEST MEDIUM SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE AB A six-center collaborative study was performed with the aim of developing quality control test limits for both disk diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility tests with Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247 using Haemophilus test medium. Quality control ranges are presented for 18 antimicrobials: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefonicid, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefixime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, imipenem, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. C1 ST FRANCIS HOSP,WICHITA,KS. WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DOERN, GV (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,55 LAKE AVE N,WORCESTER,MA 01655, USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 14 IS 6 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(91)90004-Y PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GM064 UT WOS:A1991GM06400004 PM 1802535 ER PT J AU VOGT, RF AF VOGT, RF TI USE OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR IMMUNE BIOMARKERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH STUDIES CONCERNED WITH EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR-POLLUTANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; MAST-CELLS; SERUM IGE; INHALATION; QUALITY; SENSITIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; FORMALDEHYDE; ANTIBODIES AB The immune system is likely to be involved in some of the health effects caused by certain indoor air exposures, and immune biomarkers can help determine which exposures and health effects have important immune components. However, the lack of standardized laboratory tests for most human immune markers and the many confounding variables that can influence them makes interpretation of results for exposure and disease end points uncertain. This paper presents an overview of the immune system and the considerations involved in using tests for immune markers in clinical epidemiology studies, particularly those concerned with indoor air exposures. Careful study design, well-characterized laboratory methods, and rigorous documentation of exposure status are required to determine the predictive value of such tests. Clinical tests currently available for some immune markers could help identify and characterize both irritative and hypersensitivity reactions to indoor air pollutants. Newer tests developed in research settings might provide more incisive indicators of immune status that could help identify exposure, susceptibility, or preclinical disease states, but their methodologies must be refined and tested in multicenter studies before they can be used reliably in public health applications. RP VOGT, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.2307/3431112 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500015 PM 1821385 ER PT J AU HENRY, CJ FISHBEIN, L MEGGS, WJ ASHFORD, NA SCHULTE, PA ANDERSON, H OSBORNE, JS SEPKOVIC, DW AF HENRY, CJ FISHBEIN, L MEGGS, WJ ASHFORD, NA SCHULTE, PA ANDERSON, H OSBORNE, JS SEPKOVIC, DW TI APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS FROM COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN INDOOR AIR - A PANEL OVERVIEW SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID WOOD-BURNING STOVES; EMISSIONS; FORMALDEHYDE; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; ASTHMA; OZONE AB Critical to a more definitive human health assessment of the potential health risks from exposure to complex mixtures in indoor air is the need for a more definitive clinical measure and etiology of the helath effects of complex mixtures. This panel overview highlights six of the eight presentations of the conference panel discussion and features a number of the major topical areas of indoor air concern. W. G. Meggs assessed clinical research priorities with primary focus on the role of volatile organic chemicals in human health, recognizing the areas where definitive data are lacking. By recognizing many types of chemical sensitivity, it may be possible to design studies that can illuminate the mechanisms by which chemical exposure may cause disease. The critically important topic of multiple chemical sensitivity was discussed by N. A. Ashford, who identified four high risk groups and defined the demographics of these groups. P. A. Schulte addressed the issue of biological markers of susceptibility with specific considerations of both methodological and societal aspects that may be operative in the ability to detect innate or inborne differences between individuals and populations. Three case studies were reviewed. H. Anderson discussed the past and present priorities from a public health perspective, focusing on those issues dealing with exposures to environmental tobacco smoke and formaldehyde off-gassing from materials used in mobile home construction. J. J. Osborne described several case studies involving wood smoke exposure to children, with emphasis on the significantly greater occurrence of chronic respiratory symptoms and acute chest illness for children from homes heated with woodburning stoves. D. W. Sepkovic focused on the use of a specific nicotine metabolite, cotinine, as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke uptake in controlled studies. C1 ILSI RISK SCI INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. MIT,CTR TECHNOL POLICY & IND DEV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. E CAROLINA SCH MED,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,DIV CLIN TOXICOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,WISCONSIN DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI 53701. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 95 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.2307/3431120 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HJ305 UT WOS:A1991HJ30500023 PM 1821367 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L AF STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L TI THE IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS IN OCCUPATIONAL COHORT MORTALITY STUDIES SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; OCCUPATION; MORTALITY; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; NEOPLASMS; CORONARY DISEASE AB Person-years at risk in occupational cohort mortality studies may be defined as "active" (when a person is working) or "inactive" (after a person has left employment at the plant under study). To investigate the effects of employment status (active/inactive) both across studies and within them, we have analyzed ten large cohort studies conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety, and Health in which no occupational risk had been observed. These ten data sets included 89,376 workers, 1,984,505 person-years, and 18,840 deaths. In these ten studies, the SMR for all causes was positively correlated with the percentage of inactive person-years in the study (r = 0.57, p = 0.08). Considering only inactive person-years, the all-causes SMR was 1.12 (approximately 1.25 before age 65, dropping to 1.00 after age 65). Stratification of inactive person-years by time-since-last-employment showed markedly increased mortality during the first year following employment. The all-causes SMR during active person-years was 0.40 and was fairly constant across age categories. With active and inactive person-years combined, a strong negative trend in SMRs with duration of employment was observed for all causes and for heart disease. These trends were not apparent when person-years were stratified by employment status. These results indicate that investigators should evaluate the effects of employment status when comparing SMRs between multiple cohorts or when interpreting trends in rate ratios within cohorts. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 6 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1097/00001648-199111000-00005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GV985 UT WOS:A1991GV98500005 PM 1790193 ER PT J AU KLONTZ, KC DESENCLOS, JCA WOLFE, LE HOECHERL, SA ROBERTS, C GUNN, RA AF KLONTZ, KC DESENCLOS, JCA WOLFE, LE HOECHERL, SA ROBERTS, C GUNN, RA TI THE RAW OYSTER CONSUMER - A RISK TAKER - USE OF THE BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE SHELLFISH; VIBRIO INFECTIONS; ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION; BEHAVIOR AB We used the 1988 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in Florida to determine the prevalence of consumption of raw oysters, a vehicle implicated in the transmission of several pathogens. One-third of survey respondents reported ever eating raw oysters. The prevalence was higher for persons 18-49 years old and for males, and, when controlled for age and sex, for persons who reported being cigarette smokers or acute or chronic alcohol drinkers, and driving while intoxicated. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 6 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GV985 UT WOS:A1991GV98500008 PM 1790196 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA AF HAHN, RA TI LIGHT EXPOSURE AND BREAST-CANCER - REPLY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 6 BP 459 EP 459 DI 10.1097/00001648-199111000-00015 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GV985 UT WOS:A1991GV98500015 ER PT J AU CHIZZOLINI, C MILLET, PG OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA COLLINS, WE AF CHIZZOLINI, C MILLET, PG OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA COLLINS, WE TI INDUCTION OF ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC CD8+ CYTOLYTIC T-CELLS BY THE EXOGENOUS BACTERIAL-ANTIGEN STREPTOLYSIN-O IN RHESUS-MONKEYS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS-I MOLECULES; GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES LGL; HEPATITIS-B; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CLONES; PROTEIN; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; INVITRO; PEPTIDE AB We have characterized the T cell responses induced by streptolysin O (SLO), a sulfydryl-activated hemolysin secreted by streptococci, by applying long-term in vitro culture and cloning rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) T cells. T cell lines specific for SLO were obtained from three rhesus monkeys. These T cell lines required autologous antigen-presenting cells (APC) to proliferate in response to SLO and did not respond to purified protein derivative. Phenotypic analysis showed that the cells from two of three SLO-specific T cell lines were more than 85% CD3+CD4-CD8+ after prolonged in vitro culture. The rh 1842 CD8+ T cell line proliferative response to SLO was inhibited by the addition of anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and anti-CD8 but not of anti-MHC class II and anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). This cell line was able to lyse P815 target cells in the presence of anti-CD3 mAb and did not show natural killer activity. Moreover, specific lysis of autologous but not allogeneic non-rosetting E- cell targets pulsed with SLO was observed. Such lysis was inhibited by the addition of anti-MHC class I mAb. In the attempt to identify the restriction elements involved in SLO presentation APC from six unrelated rhesus monkeys and three humans were used. A CD4+ rh 1842 T cell clone responded when SLO was presented by one of six, and a CD8+ rh 1842 T cell clone by four of six rhesus monkeys APC. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones did not respond when SLO was presented by human APC. However, both clones responded when APC from all donors were used in conjunction with anti-CD3 mb. Furthermore, SLO required active processing to be presented to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones as glutaraldehyde fixation of APC before but not after antigen pulsing inhibited T cell proliferation. The SLO-specific CD8+ cytolytic T cells described here could play a role in the regulation of the immune response occurring during streptococcal infections and/or could participate in the pathogenesis of poststreptococcal nonsuppurative sequelae. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2727 EP 2733 DI 10.1002/eji.1830211112 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GQ080 UT WOS:A1991GQ08000011 PM 1682153 ER PT J AU FORD, ES COOPER, RS AF FORD, ES COOPER, RS TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN A NATIONAL COHORT STUDY SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE BODY MASS INDEX; CALCIUM; DIET; EDUCATION; RISK FACTORS; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; POPULATION STUDY; SODIUM ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; NUTRIENT INTAKE; FOLLOW-UP; CALCIUM; DIETARY AB Hypertension continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Followup Study (1971-1984) to examine predictors of hypertension for the 7,073 participants free from hypertension at the baseline examination. The follow-up period averaged 10 years. Body mass index was positively related to the probability of hypertension developing among white men (n = 2,370), white women (n = 3,949), black men (n = 231), and black women (n = 523). Education was inversely associated with the probability of hypertension developing among white women and was of borderline significance among white men and black women. In a subanalysis of white men (n = 1,790) and white women (n = 3,063) who completed the 24-hour recall dietary questionnaire, dietary consumption of sodium, calcium, and potassium did not predict the development of hypertension. The failure of our study to support findings relating intake of dietary cations to the development of hypertension may be attributable to imprecision in the measurement of dietary data and misclassification of hypertension status. These data reinforce the importance of weight control in the primary prevention of hypertension. C1 LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED & EPIDEMIOL,MAYWOOD,IL 60153. RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD NOV PY 1991 VL 18 IS 5 BP 598 EP 606 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GN922 UT WOS:A1991GN92200005 PM 1937662 ER PT J AU STEPHENS, DS SWARTLEY, JS KATHARIOU, S MORSE, SA AF STEPHENS, DS SWARTLEY, JS KATHARIOU, S MORSE, SA TI INSERTION OF TN916 IN NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS RESULTING IN LOSS OF GROUP-B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSON TN916; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA FRAGMENTS; GONORRHOEAE; STRAINS; EXCISION; TN1545 AB We recently found that the 16.4-kb conjugative transposon Tn916 could be introduced into Neisseria meningitidis by transformation and that it appeared to transpose to many different sites in the chromosome of recipient meningococci. In order to identify transposon-induced alterations of specific meningococcal virulence determinants, a library of meningococcal Tet(r) transformants containing Tn916 was made and screened for those altered in the production of group B capsular polysaccharide. A capsule-defective mutant, M7, was identified by using monoclonal and polyclonal antisera to group B polysaccharide in immunoblot and agar antiserum procedures. Growth of M7 was similar to that of the parent strain. M7 produced no group B capsular polysaccharide by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and the mutation was stable during laboratory passage. The capsule-defective phenotype was linked to Tet(r), as demonstrated by immunoblot and Southern blot analysis of progeny Tet(r) transformants (transformants of the parent strain obtained with DNA from M7). A capsule-deficient mutant, O8, was identified by using a similar approach. Analysis of the Tn916 insertions in M7 and O8 indicated that a significant portion of the transposon on either side of the tetM determinant had been lost. The ability of Tn916 to generate defined, stable mutations in meningococcal virulence determinants is demonstrated by our study. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET ADM MED CTR,MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS,ATLANTA,GA 30033. RP STEPHENS, DS (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 39 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 59 IS 11 BP 4097 EP 4102 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GM530 UT WOS:A1991GM53000036 PM 1657783 ER PT J AU HOUCK, P SCOTTJOHNSON, G KREBS, L AF HOUCK, P SCOTTJOHNSON, G KREBS, L TI MEASLES IMMUNITY AMONG COMMUNITY-HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUSES; PLAQUE NEUTRALIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RUBELLA AB OBJECTIVE: To define measles immunity rates among employees at 2 hospitals during a community outbreak in 1990. DESIGN: Cohort survey using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and questionnaire. SETTING: Two community hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six percent of 2,060 employees. RESULTS: Seven percent (115/1566) of participants lacked ELISA-defined measles immunity. Among employees whose ages were known, 14% (64/467) of those born after 1956 and 5% (50/1086) of those born before 1957 lacked serologic evidence of immunity. Fifty-eight percent of the susceptible persons had substantial patient contact. With ELISA results as the reference for immunity, the predictive value of an undocumented positive history of measles disease or vaccination was 95%; the predictive value of a negative history of both was 52%. Measles developed in 7 employees. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of hospital employees lacked ELISA-defined measles immunity, including many who had patient contact or who had been born before 1957. Undocumented disease and vaccination histories were not adequate predictors of serologic status. This study supports the recommendations and suggestions of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee that hospitals should require documented evidence of measles immunity from employees who have patient contact. C1 YAKIMA VALLEY MEM HOSP,DEPT INFECT CONTROL,YAKIMA,WA. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,DEPT OCCUPAT HLTH,YAKIMA,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,ROOM 300,2201 6TH AVE,SEATTLE,WA 98121. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 12 IS 11 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GQ280 UT WOS:A1991GQ28000008 PM 1753081 ER PT J AU JAYASEELAN, E RAJENDRAN, SC SHARIFF, S FISHBEIN, D KEYSTONE, JS AF JAYASEELAN, E RAJENDRAN, SC SHARIFF, S FISHBEIN, D KEYSTONE, JS TI CUTANEOUS ERUPTIONS IN INDIAN TICK TYPHUS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Although frequently unrecognized, rickettsial infections may be an important cause for fever and exanthem in persons presenting to physicians in South India. Most often these patients are referred to dermatology departments with a diagnosis of "drug eruption." In the current study the authors analyzed 12 cases of rickettsial fever that were seen in the dermatology department of St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, between 1985 and 1989. The distinctive cutaneous eruption was found to be an important clue to an early clinical diagnosis. Specific serodiagnosis enabled us to confirm that Indian tick typhus, a member of the spotted fever group, was the most frequent cause for rickettsial fever presenting at our hospital. C1 ST JOHNS MED COLL HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BANGALORE,KARNATAKA,INDIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,RICKETTSIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TORONTO GEN HOSP,TROP DIS UNIT,TORONTO M5G 1L7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP JAYASEELAN, E (reprint author), ST JOHNS MED COLL HOSP,DEPT DERMATOL,BANGALORE,KARNATAKA,INDIA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 30 IS 11 BP 790 EP 794 DI 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04788.x PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA GL898 UT WOS:A1991GL89800010 PM 1757181 ER PT J AU CRAUN, G SWERDLOW, D TAUXE, R CLARK, R FOX, K GELDREICH, E REASONER, D RICE, E AF CRAUN, G SWERDLOW, D TAUXE, R CLARK, R FOX, K GELDREICH, E REASONER, D RICE, E TI PREVENTION OF WATERBORNE CHOLERA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SURVIVAL AB Since the outbreak of cholera in Peru in January 1991, the disease has spread to other Latin-American countries and on several occasions has been imported into the United States. In order to assess the risk of transmission of cholera by water in the United States, an ad hoc committee from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) prepared a report (on which this article is based) on the etiology of cholera, the history of outbreaks, symptoms and treatment, transmission and survival, analysis of clinical and water specimens, and prevention of epidemics through water treatment and monitoring. The report also describes the steps that have been taken by CDC and USEPA in South America and recommends future action. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 11 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA GQ784 UT WOS:A1991GQ78400009 ER PT J AU DRISKELL, WJ GROCE, DF HILL, RH BIRKY, MM AF DRISKELL, WJ GROCE, DF HILL, RH BIRKY, MM TI METHOMYL IN THE BLOOD OF A PILOT WHO CRASHED DURING AERIAL SPRAYING SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An aerial-spray pilot died when his aircraft crashed while he was spraying methomyl. We measured the pesticide in his blood by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection and confirmed the results by mass spectrometry with direct liquid injection through a liquid chromatography interface. The whole blood methomyl concentration was 570 ng/mL. C1 NATL TRANSPORTAT SAFETY BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20594. RP DRISKELL, WJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 15 IS 6 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA GQ814 UT WOS:A1991GQ81400011 PM 1779663 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK AF BLUMBERG, HM KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA O-3 INFECTIONS - USE OF CHROMOSOMAL DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; TRANSFUSION; STRAINS; EXTRACTION; FREQUENCY; VIRULENCE; PATTERNS; SEPSIS; BLOOD AB Yersinia enterocolitica is a major enteric pathogen associated with a wide variety of clinical and immunologic manifestations, including transfusion-associated disease, from which there is a high mortality. Although previously rare in the United States, in the late 1980s Y. enterocolitica O:3 emerged as the predominant serotype in the United States, as it has been in Canada, Europe, and Japan. Epidemiologic investigation of this serogroup has been hampered by the limited availability of a phage typing system and the fact that Y. enterocolitica harbors few plasmids that are useful as strain markers. We therefore analyzed whole-cell DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA genes (ribotyping) to study a group of 61 (50 human, 11 porcine) Y. enterocolitica isolates. Initially, 20 different restriction enzymes were used; NciI appeared to give the best discrimination of hybridization banding patterns (ribotypes) within Y. enterocolitica O:3. Ribotyping distinguished seven clones among all the study isolates and four clones within Y. enterocolitica O:3 (53 isolates studied) and clearly differentiated Y. enterocolitica O:3 from Y. enterocolitica O:9; O:1,2,3; O:20; and O:5,27. Most serogroup O:3 isolates belonged to two clones, ribotypes I and II, including 23 of 24 Y. enterocolitica O:3 (13 human, 11 porcine chitterling) isolates recovered from a recent outbreak of Y. enterocolitica in children in Atlanta associated with chitterling preparation and 3 transfusion-associated O:3 isolates from the United States. Y. enterocolitica O:3 ribotypes I and II were also isolated in Japan, ribotypes II and IV were isolated in Belgium, and ribotype I was isolated in Canada. Ribotype patterns I and II corresponded to phage types 9b and 8, respectively. Ribotyping was able to distinguish individual strains of Y. enterocolitica O:3, but suggests that a limited number of clones have disseminated within the United States and globally. The finding of identical ribotype patterns in chitterling and human specimens from the Atlanta outbreak supports epidemiologic evidence that swine were the source of infection and a major reservoir for Y. enterocolitica O:3. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BLUMBERG, HM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 41 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2368 EP 2374 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700002 PM 1723068 ER PT J AU HINOJOSAAHUMADA, M SWAMINATHAN, B HUNTER, SB CAMERON, DN KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK STROCKBINE, NA AF HINOJOSAAHUMADA, M SWAMINATHAN, B HUNTER, SB CAMERON, DN KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK STROCKBINE, NA TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN RIBOSOMAL-RNA OPERONS FOR SUBTYPING SHIGELLA-SONNEI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA; STRAINS; PATTERNS; OUTBREAK; PROBE AB Shigella sonnei is the most frequent cause of shigellosis in the United States. Epidemiologic studies of this organism have been hampered by the lack of adequate typing procedures. Ribosomal DNA analysis (ribotyping), a method which analyzes restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the chromosomal genes that encode rRNA, has recently been shown to be useful for microbial species identification and subtyping. To determine whether ribotyping could be used to distinguish between S. sonnei isolates, we conducted Southern hybridization studies on isolates from 16 different geographic locations and from four recent outbreaks. S. sonnei genomic DNA fragments generated following digestion with SalI hybridized with Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNAs to produce six distinct patterns; strains with patterns 1, 2, and 3 were each further subdivided into two additional patterns by using PvuII, SmaI, and SstI, respectively. Epidemiologically related strains had identical patterns. Ribotyping appears to be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of shigellosis caused by S. sonnei. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL DIAGNOST & REFERENCIA EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2380 EP 2384 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700004 PM 1723069 ER PT J AU MOE, CL ALLEN, JR MONROE, SS GARY, HE HUMPHREY, CD HERRMANN, JE BLACKLOW, NR CARCAMO, C KOCH, M KIM, KH GLASS, RI AF MOE, CL ALLEN, JR MONROE, SS GARY, HE HUMPHREY, CD HERRMANN, JE BLACKLOW, NR CARCAMO, C KOCH, M KIM, KH GLASS, RI TI DETECTION OF ASTROVIRUS IN PEDIATRIC STOOL SAMPLES BY IMMUNOASSAY AND RNA PROBE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; VIRUSES; SEROTYPES; PARTICLES; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN AB Two new astrovirus assays, a rapid biotin-avidin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and RNA probe hybridization, were developed and compared with an established astrovirus assay, an indirect EIA, and immune electron microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by using a screening panel of 22 astrovirus-positive and 305 astrovirus-negative fecal specimens. The biotin-avidin assay was equivalent in performance to the reference indirect assay, and both could detect about 10 ng of viral protein. Although the probe was more sensitive than either EIA and could detect higher dilutions of virus in tissue culture and stool specimens, it did not detect more astrovirus-positive fecal specimens. Of the 22 astrovirus-positive specimens detected by the EIAs, 20 were confirmed by immune electron microscopy with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum. To determine the usefulness of EIAs for large epidemiologic studies, EIAs were used to screen 1,289 stool specimens from three studies of children with and without diarrhea. Astrovirus was detected in 3.5% of specimens from children with diarrhea and 1.9% of specimens from those without diarrhea. Our results indicate that the biotin-avidin EIA is an efficient, sensitive, and specific method for routinely screening large numbers of fecal samples and that its application in epidemiologic studies may yield higher rates of astrovirus infection than have been found previously by other methods. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,WORCESTER,MA 01655. HANYANG UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEOUL 133791,SOUTH KOREA. RP MOE, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [YO2-AI-90002-02] NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2390 EP 2395 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700006 PM 1774241 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA TSUKAMURA, M BROWN, JM ONYI, GO AF WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA TSUKAMURA, M BROWN, JM ONYI, GO TI CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF NOCARDIA-NOVA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTEROIDES; TAXONOMY; STRAINS AB Recent studies have shown that Nocardia asteroides isolates have five major antibiotic resistance patterns; one of these patterns identifies isolates of Nocardia farcinica. In the current study, we investigated a second pattern characterized by susceptibility to ampicillin and erythromycin. This pattern was seen in 17% of 223 clinical isolates identified by standard techniques as N. asteroides and associated with diseases typical for nocardiae. Biochemically, isolates with this drug pattern were relatively homogeneous and identical to the type strain and previous descriptions of Nocardia nova. The strains studied were unique among nocardiae in having both alpha- and beta-esterase activity (85 and 95%, respectively). However, the arylsulfatase activity at 14 days (75%) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, including susceptibility to erythromycin (100%), were the only routinely available methods that would separate N. nova strains from other members of N. asteroides. N. asteroides should be considered a complex because current clinical identification schemes include isolates of N. farcinica and N. nova and may well include additional species. This is the first detailed description of N. nova as a pathogen in humans. C1 NATL CHUBU HOSP,OBU,AICHI,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX 75710, USA. NR 18 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2407 EP 2411 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700009 PM 1774244 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW ENGLISH, CK HALL, GS VINCENT, J RADOSEVIC, J BIRKNESS, KA BIBB, WF QUINN, FD SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE REEVES, MW OCONNOR, SP HAYES, PS TENOVER, FC STEIGERWALT, AG PERKINS, BA DANESHVAR, MI HILL, BC WASHINGTON, JA WOODS, TC HUNTER, SB HADFIELD, TL AJELLO, GW KAUFMANN, AF WEAR, DJ WENGER, JD AF BRENNER, DJ HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW ENGLISH, CK HALL, GS VINCENT, J RADOSEVIC, J BIRKNESS, KA BIBB, WF QUINN, FD SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE REEVES, MW OCONNOR, SP HAYES, PS TENOVER, FC STEIGERWALT, AG PERKINS, BA DANESHVAR, MI HILL, BC WASHINGTON, JA WOODS, TC HUNTER, SB HADFIELD, TL AJELLO, GW KAUFMANN, AF WEAR, DJ WENGER, JD TI PROPOSAL OF AFIPIA GEN-NOV, WITH AFIPIA-FELIS SP-NOV (FORMERLY THE CAT SCRATCH DISEASE BACILLUS), AFIPIA-CLEVELANDENSIS SP-NOV (FORMERLY THE CLEVELAND-CLINIC-FOUNDATION STRAIN), AFIPIA-BROOMEAE SP-NOV, AND 3 UNNAMED GENOSPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIA; SYSTEMATICS; INFECTION; AGENT; AIDS AB On the basis of phenotypic characterization and DNA relatedness determinations, the genus Afipia gen. nov., which contains six species, is described. The type species is Afipia felis sp. nov. (the cat scratch disease bacillus). Afipia clevelandensis sp. nov., Afipia broomeae sp. nov., and three unnamed Afipia genospecies are apparently not associated with cat-borne disease. All but one strain (Afipia genospecies 3) were isolated from human wound and respiratory sources. All Afipia species are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rods in the alpha-2 subgroup of the class Proteobacteria. They are motile by means of a single flagellum. They grown on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar and nutrient broth, but rarely on MacConkey agar, at 25 and 30-degrees-C. They are urease positive; but they are negative in reactions for hemolysis, indole production, H2S production (triple sugar iron agar), gelatin hydrolysis, esculin hydrolysis, and peptonization of litmus milk. They do not produce acid oxidatively from D-glucose, lactose, maltose, or sucrose. The major cell wall fatty acids are 11-methyloctadec-12-enoic (C(Br19:1)), cis-octadec-11-enoic (C18:1omega7c), and generally, 9,10-methylenehexadecanoate and 11,12-methyleneoctadecanoate; and there are only trace amounts of hydroxy acids. The guanine-plus-cytosine content is 61.5 to 69 mol%. A. felis is positive for nitrate reduction and is delayed positive for acid production from D-xylose, but it is catalase negative. A. clevelandensis is negative in all of these tests. A. broomeae is weakly positive for catalase production and acid production from D-xylose, but it is negative for nitrate reduction. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSE ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96859. INDIANA STATE BOARD HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL LAB,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46206. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2450 EP 2460 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700016 PM 1774249 ER PT J AU BUTLER, WR JOST, KC KILBURN, JO AF BUTLER, WR JOST, KC KILBURN, JO TI IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIA BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOLIC ACIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; PATTERNS AB Mycolic acids extracted from saponified mycobacterial cells were examined as p-bromophenacyl esters by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Standard HPLC patterns were developed for species of Mycobacterium by examination of strains from culture collections and other well-characterized isolates. Relative retention times of peaks and peak height comparisons were used to develop a differentiation scheme that was 98% accurate for the species examined. A rapid, cost-effective HPLC method which offers an alternative approach to the identification of mycobacteria is described. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,DIV MICROBIOL SERV,AUSTIN,TX 78756. RP BUTLER, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 183 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2468 EP 2472 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700018 PM 1774251 ER PT J AU PEEL, MM HORNIDGE, KA LUPPINO, M STACPOOLE, AM WEAVER, RE AF PEEL, MM HORNIDGE, KA LUPPINO, M STACPOOLE, AM WEAVER, RE TI ACTINOBACILLUS SPP AND RELATED BACTERIA IN INFECTED WOUNDS OF HUMANS BITTEN BY HORSES AND SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA; SUIS; LIGNIERESII; ORGANISMS; EQUULI AB We describe the isolation of Actinobacillus lignieresii and an A. equuli-like bacterium from an infected horse-bite wound in a 22-year-old stable foreman and A. suis from a bite injury in a 35-year-old man who had been attacked by a horse. A. lignieresii was also isolated in pure culture from an infected sheep-bite wound in a rural worker. These species of the genus Actinobacillus are primarily associated with animals and animal diseases and are rarely isolated from humans. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of the possible occurrence of Actinobacillus spp. in bite wounds inflicted by farm animals and to discuss the difficulties encountered in the identification of species of Actinobacillus and related bacteria. C1 BALLARAT BASE HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BALLARAT,VIC 3550,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PRESTON & NORTHCOTE COMMUNITY HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,PRESTON,VIC 3072,AUSTRALIA. GEELONG HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,GEELONG,VIC 3220,AUSTRALIA. RP PEEL, MM (reprint author), UNIV MELBOURNE,MICROBIOL DIAGNOST UNIT,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2535 EP 2538 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700030 PM 1774260 ER PT J AU MCCROSKEY, LM HATHEWAY, CL WOODRUFF, BA GREENBERG, JA JURGENSON, P AF MCCROSKEY, LM HATHEWAY, CL WOODRUFF, BA GREENBERG, JA JURGENSON, P TI TYPE-F BOTULISM DUE TO NEUROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BARATII FROM AN UNKNOWN SOURCE IN AN ADULT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFANT BOTULISM; TOXIN; BUTYRICUM; ORGANISM AB Type F botulism was confirmed in a 54-year-old male with signs compatible with botulism who reported to the emergency unit of a hospital. Botulinal neurotoxin was detected in the patient's serum and fecal specimens, and a neurotoxigenic organism whose physiologic characteristics correspond to those of Clostridium baratii was isolated. The toxin produced by the isolate was neutralized by type F botulinal antitoxin and cross-neutralized with lower efficiency by type E antitoxin. The patient's food history was not suggestive of botulism, and it seems likely that the illness was due to colonization of the gut. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MEM MED CTR,SAVANNAH,GA 31403. NR 16 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2618 EP 2620 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700048 PM 1774272 ER PT J AU PRACHARKTAM, R CHANGTRAKOOL, P SATHAPATAYAVONGS, B JAYANETRA, P AJELLO, L AF PRACHARKTAM, R CHANGTRAKOOL, P SATHAPATAYAVONGS, B JAYANETRA, P AJELLO, L TI IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF HUMAN PYTHIOSIS INSIDIOSI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PYTHIUM-INSIDIOSUM AB To facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of human cases of pythiosis insidiosi, an immunological test was evaluated. A soluble antigen was prepared from a human isolate of Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic, thermotolerant oomycete that causes infections in cattle, dogs, horses, and humans. Sera from seven proven cases of disseminated human pythiosis insidiosi were tested in an immunodiffusion test along with appropriate control sera from patients with a variety of actinomycotic, bacterial, and mycotic diseases as well as sera from uninfected individuals. Titers ranged from 1:1 to 1:32 in the seven serum samples from the disseminated cases of pythiosis insidiosi of varying severity. The heterologous sera gave negative reactions. The rapidity and specificity of the immunodiffusion test makes it a useful diagnostic tool for the serodiagnosis of P. insidiosum infections. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,RAMATHIBODI HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT MED,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PRACHARKTAM, R (reprint author), MAHIDOL UNIV,RAMATHIBODI HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT PATHOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY06360] NR 6 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2661 EP 2662 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK777 UT WOS:A1991GK77700062 PM 1774283 ER PT J AU PEREZ, VL ROWE, T JUSTEMENT, JS BUTERA, ST JUNE, CH FOLKS, TM AF PEREZ, VL ROWE, T JUSTEMENT, JS BUTERA, ST JUNE, CH FOLKS, TM TI AN HIV-1-INFECTED T-CELL CLONE DEFECTIVE IN IL-2 PRODUCTION AND CA2+ MOBILIZATION AFTER CD3 STIMULATION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NORMAL HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; HTLV-III; NONCYTOPATHIC INFECTION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; AIDS AB A chronically HIV-1-infected T cell clone (J1.1) derived from Jurkat cells was developed that possesses defects in CD3 signaling. This clone was phenotypically determined to be CD4- and express a reduced surface density of CD3 as compared with a pool of uninfected Jurkat clones. Although J1.1 could be induced with TNF-alpha to produce HIV-1 particles, stimulation via the CD3 (T3-Ti) complex, using mAb cross-linking, had no effect on viral production. Further investigation revealed that J1.1 secreted approximately 20-fold less IL-2 than did uninfected Jurkat cells after anti-CD3 treatment. In addition, a separate defect in Ca2+ mobilization was noted in the HIV-1-infected J1.1 line when compared with uninfected Jurkat cells after anti-CD3 cross-linking. The cell line described offers a new model in which to study the mechanisms of several defects directly imposed by HIV-1 on CD3+ cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, NAVAL MED RES INST, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, IMMUNOREGULAT LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 147 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3148 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GL580 UT WOS:A1991GL58000047 PM 1833465 ER PT J AU CANNON, RO POLINER, JR HIRSCHHORN, RB RODEHEAVER, DC SILVERMAN, PR BROWN, EA TALBOT, GH STINE, SE MONROE, SS DENNIS, DT GLASS, RI AF CANNON, RO POLINER, JR HIRSCHHORN, RB RODEHEAVER, DC SILVERMAN, PR BROWN, EA TALBOT, GH STINE, SE MONROE, SS DENNIS, DT GLASS, RI TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF NORWALK VIRUS GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF COMMERCIAL ICE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATER AB Between 19 and 27 September 1987, a cluster of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness occurred among persons who had attended a museum fund-raiser in Wilmington, Delaware and an intercollegiate football game in Philadelphia. A survey of four groups attending these events showed that 31% (191/614) became ill. Altogether, those who consumed ice were 12 times more likely to experience either vomiting or diarrhea than those who did not (attack rate, 55% vs. 4%, P < .001). Ice consumed at the events was traced to a manufacturer in southeastern Pennsylvania whose wells had been contaminated when flooded by a nearby creek after a torrential rainfall on 8 September. Of 19 affected persons tested within 1 week of exposure, 13 (68%) had at least a fourfold rise in antibody titer to the Norwalk virus. This report, the first to document an association of contaminated commercial ice with Norwalk gastroenteritis should prompt reassessment of government regulation of the production and distribution of ice. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT GO4,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA HLTH DEPT,OFF FOOD PROTECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,DOVER,DE. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 860 EP 863 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400004 PM 1658158 ER PT J AU LEE, LA SHAPIRO, CN HARGRETTBEAN, N TAUXE, RV AF LEE, LA SHAPIRO, CN HARGRETTBEAN, N TAUXE, RV TI HYPERENDEMIC SHIGELLOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES - A REVIEW OF SURVEILLANCE DATA FOR 1967-1988 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-BACILLUS DYSENTERY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; HEPATITIS-A; EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; SPREAD AB In 1988, 22,796 Shigella isolates were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, the highest number since national surveillance was begun in 1967. From 1986 to 1988, isolation rates increased from 5.4 to 10.1 per 100,000 persons. Increased isolation of Shigella sonnei, primarily among children and young women, occurred throughout the United States in a manner similar to the nationwide increase that occurred during the early 1970s. The highest rates during 1987-1988 were reported from counties with relatively high proportions of urban, ethnic minority, and poor residents, groups traditionally at high risk. The greatest percentage increases in isolation rates, however, occurred in relatively wealthy counties with predominantly white residents. Between 1967 and 1988, the proportion of Shigella species isolated from persons greater-than-or-equal-to 20 years of age increased 118%, while the proportion of the resident population in this age group increased only 16%. These data indicate a shift toward increased infection at older ages and the potential for periodic hyperendemic rates of shigellosis nationwide, which may be due to changing levels of immunity of S. sonnei. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEE, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 894 EP 900 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400010 PM 1940468 ER PT J AU SHA, BE HARRIS, AA BENSON, CA ATKINSON, WL URBANSKI, PA STEWART, JA WILLIAMS, WW MURPHY, RL PHAIR, JP LEVIN, SA KESSLER, HA AF SHA, BE HARRIS, AA BENSON, CA ATKINSON, WL URBANSKI, PA STEWART, JA WILLIAMS, WW MURPHY, RL PHAIR, JP LEVIN, SA KESSLER, HA TI PREVALENCE OF MEASLES ANTIBODIES IN ASYMPTOMATIC HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; RUBELLA AB One hundred five asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive adults were screened for measles antibody. Ages ranged from 21 to 59 years (mean, 35.7). CD4+ lymphocyte counts (range, 76-1137/mm3), percentage of CD4+ cells (6-42), CD4:CD8 ratio (0.08-1.3), measles antibody titers by EIA, and undocumented history of prior measles or immunization were obtained. Forty-six patients gave a history of measles but no immunization, 18 of immunization but no measles, 26 of immunization and measles, and 15 of neither measles nor vaccination. Only one patient (< 1%) lacked levels of antibody considered protective. Neither the presence nor the level of antibody were predictable from patient age, history of measles or immunization, CD4+ lymphocyte count, percentage of CD4+ cells, or CD4:CD8 ratio. Nearly all subjects had antibody to measles, regardless of immunization or measles history. Whether these antibodies are truly protective is unknown. C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RUSH MED COLL,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SECT,600 S PAULINA,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RUSH MED COLL,DEPT IMMUNOL MICROBIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Murphy, Robert/0000-0003-3936-2052 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 973 EP 975 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400024 PM 1682395 ER PT J AU FASCHING, CE TENOVER, FC SLAMA, TG FISHER, LM SREEDHARAN, S ORAM, M WILLARD, K SINN, LM GERDING, DN PETERSON, LR AF FASCHING, CE TENOVER, FC SLAMA, TG FISHER, LM SREEDHARAN, S ORAM, M WILLARD, K SINN, LM GERDING, DN PETERSON, LR TI GYRA MUTATIONS IN CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT, METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS FROM INDIANA, MINNESOTA, AND TENNESSEE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; GENE; DNA AB Mutational changes occurring at amino acid codons 84 and 85 located in the gyrA gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were studied using radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes to examine the incidence of these ciprofloxacin resistance determinants in 30 MRSA isolates from Indiana, Minnesota, and Tennessee. Four separate oligonucleotide probes, one each corresponding to the wild-type sequence, a mutation at codon 84 (nucleotide 251), a mutation at codon 85 (nucleotide 253), and mutations at both, were used to examine the total genomic DNA from each of the 30 isolates, which had been restricted, electrophoresed, and Southern blotted. The probes indicated that 15 of the 28 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates gave results consistant with a single mutation at codon 84. Four of the 28 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains had results consistent with a mutation at codon 84 and possibly at codon 85. The two ciprofloxacin-sensitive isolates from Tennessee showed homology with the wild-type probe sequence. Five isolates (4, Minnesota; 1, Tennessee) had no homology with any probe. By oligonucleotide probes, ciprofloxacin-resistant MRSA from diverse geographic regions contained similar gyrA mutations at codons 84 and 85 in 19 of 28 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST VINCENT HOSP,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. INDIANA UNIV,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46204. ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP FASCHING, CE (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT 111F,1 VET DR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400025 PM 1658161 ER PT J AU WILSON, M BRYAN, RT FRIED, JA WARE, DA SCHANTZ, PM PILCHER, JB TSANG, VCW AF WILSON, M BRYAN, RT FRIED, JA WARE, DA SCHANTZ, PM PILCHER, JB TSANG, VCW TI CLINICAL-EVALUATION OF THE CYSTICERCOSIS ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; CT AB During the 3 years that the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay for the diagnosis of human cysticercosis has been in use at the Centers for Disease Control, 50 patients with both pathologically confirmed neurocysticercosis and computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan results were identified. Of 32 patients with two or more lesions, 94% had detectable antibodies by EITB compared with 28% of 18 patients with single lesions. Patients with only calcified cysts (single or multiple) were less likely to have EITB-positive results than were those with noncalcified, enhancing lesions. Antibody was detectable more frequently in serum than in cerebrospinal fluid, regardless of the number or apparent condition of the cysts. These findings confirm that the EITB assay for cysticercosis antibodies is highly sensitive in patients with multiple, enhancing intracranial lesions but is less sensitive in patients with single lesions and in those with calcified lesions. RP WILSON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 192 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1009 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400033 PM 1940452 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, JB MICHELSON, MK SCHANTZ, PM AF MCAULEY, JB MICHELSON, MK SCHANTZ, PM TI TRICHINELLA INFECTION IN TRAVELERS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRICHINOSIS AB To define the incidence of trichinosis associated with foreign travel and characterize the epidemiologic and clinical features of cases acquired abroad, all case report forms submitted to the Centers for Disease Control through state health departments and the National Morbidity Reporting System from 1975 to 1989 were reviewed. Twenty-six cases of travel-associated trichinosis were identified during that period. Most reported cases (73%) occurred between 1982 and 1987. Affected patients were more likely to have traveled to Mexico and Asian countries (65%). Reported high-risk behaviors included consumption of undercooked pork products, use of unsanitary cooking practices, and importation of potentially contaminated meat products into the United States. Trichinosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia in travelers returning from abroad. Pretravel counseling that includes information concerning the risk of eating improperly prepared meat products may help future travelers minimize the risk of acquiring this illness. RP MCAULEY, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1016 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400035 PM 1940453 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD AF ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD TI LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR A CAUSAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTIONS AND ACUTE APPENDICITIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 164 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1037 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GL294 UT WOS:A1991GL29400047 PM 1940464 ER PT J AU GEORGIEFF, MK RADMER, WJ SOWELL, AL YEAGER, PR BLANER, WS GUNTER, EW JOHNSON, DE AF GEORGIEFF, MK RADMER, WJ SOWELL, AL YEAGER, PR BLANER, WS GUNTER, EW JOHNSON, DE TI THE EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS ON SERUM, LIVER, AND LUNG VITAMIN-A AND RETINYL ESTER CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINYL ESTERS; GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS; LIVER; LUNG; RATS ID BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; BINDING PROTEIN; DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY; TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM; PREMATURE-INFANTS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; RAT-LIVER; CELLS; CAROTENOIDS AB Vitamin A and its active metabolites are important factors in promoting normal respiratory epithelial differentiation and growth. Glucocorticoids, often used to treat chronic lung diseases in infancy and childhood, are known to increase serum retinol concentrations. To determine the effects of exogenous steroids on serum retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations (as well as on liver and lung total vitamin A, retinol, and retinyl ester concentrations), 32 weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal experimental groups. Eight animals were vitamin A sufficient and received 7 days of intraperitoneal dexamethasone at 0.5 mg/kg/day (group SD), 8 were vitamin A sufficient and received placebo (group SP), 8 were made vitamin A deficient and subsequently received dexamethasone (group DD), and 8 were vitamin A deficient and received placebo (group DP). Dexamethasone increased serum retinol concentrations in the SD group (2.27 +/- 0.20-mu-mol/L) when compared with control (SP, 1.64 +/- 0.46-mu-mol/L, p < 0.001) as well as with pretreatment baseline values (1.21 +/- 0.23-mu-mol/L, p < 0.001). Lung total vitamin A, retinol, and individual retinyl esters were depleted by 56 +/- 19% in the SD group, whereas liver values were depleted by 36 +/- 23%. In the vitamin A-sufficient groups the relative percentages of four major retinyl esters (palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleate) did not change in either tissue after steroid exposure. The vitamin A-deficient groups had no detectable tissue vitamin A, and dexamethasone did not increase serum retinol concentrations in the DD group. Serum retinol-binding protein concentrations were significantly higher in both steroid-treated groups when compared with control. Dexamethasone increases serum retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations in vitamin A sufficient rats, apparently at the expense of both lung and liver total vitamin A, retinol, and retinyl ester concentrations. We speculate that the liver and lungs are two sources for the increase in serum retinol reported with glucocorticosteroids. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,INST HUMAN NUTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. CTR DIS CONTROL,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,HANES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GEORGIEFF, MK (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEONATOL,BOX 39 UMHC,420 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1097/00005176-199111000-00007 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA GY537 UT WOS:A1991GY53700007 PM 1779311 ER PT J AU CALI, A MEISLER, DM LOWDER, CY LEMBACH, R AYERS, L TAKVORIAN, PM RUTHERFORD, I LONGWORTH, DL MCMAHON, J BRYAN, RT AF CALI, A MEISLER, DM LOWDER, CY LEMBACH, R AYERS, L TAKVORIAN, PM RUTHERFORD, I LONGWORTH, DL MCMAHON, J BRYAN, RT TI CORNEAL MICROSPORIDIOSES - CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ENCEPHALITOZOON; E-CUNICULI; E-HELLEM; HUMAN MICROSPORIDIOSIS; MICROSPORIDIA; NOSEMA; N-CORNEUM; N-OCULARUM ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; NOSEMATOSIS AB Two ocular infectious disorders attributed to Microsporidia have been observed. They differ in that one infection involves the comeal stroma leading to comeal ulceration and suppurative keratitis whereas the other infection involves the conjunctival and comeal epithelium. The comeal stromal infection is caused by a binucleated oval spore that is Nosema-like in character. The conjunctival and comeal epithelial infection occurs in HIV-sero-positive individuals and is caused by a spore containing a single nucleus that is a member of the genus Encephalitozoon. Characteristics of these genera and the above-mentioned infections are presented. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CALI, A (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP S215 EP S217 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HA630 UT WOS:A1991HA63000119 PM 1818175 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, KR MARTIN, EG ARROWOOD, MJ HEALEY, MC AF RASMUSSEN, KR MARTIN, EG ARROWOOD, MJ HEALEY, MC TI EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN IMMUNOSUPPRESSED RATS INFECTED WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CHEMOTHERAPY; IGG; ILEUM; SPLEEN BLASTOGENIC RESPONSE; STEROIDS AB Treatment of rats immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were treated with dehydroepiandrosterone. A significant reduction in cryptosporidial activity was observed as determined by oocyst shedding and colonization of host tissue by parasites. Dexamethasone treatment alone resulted in decreases in T-, B- and natural killer (NK) cell responses and antibody production that, with the exception of NK-cell activity, were all reversed after administration of dehydroepiandrosterone. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP S157 EP S159 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HA630 UT WOS:A1991HA63000091 PM 1840147 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ MOURA, H WALLACE, S WEBER, R BRYAN, RT AF VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ MOURA, H WALLACE, S WEBER, R BRYAN, RT TI CULTURE, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, AND IMMUNOBLOT STUDIES ON A MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE ISOLATED FROM THE URINE OF A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; POLAR TUBE; ADHESIVE DISK; POLAROPLAST; MERONT; PROLIFERATIVE FORMS; SPOROPLASM; SDS-PAGE ID GIARDIA-LAMBLIA AB Microsporidian spores isolated from a urine sample of an HIV-positive patient were inoculated onto monolayers of six different cell cultures. The parasites (CDC:0291:V213) grew profusely in two of the cultures (HLF and E6) and extruded spores into the culture medium. The spores were Gram-positive, 2.25- to 2.8-mu-m long, 1.25- to 1.8-mu-m broad, and smooth-walled. Some of the spores had already extruded their polar tubes, which were either straight or slightly coiled. Infected host cells contained parasitophorous vacuoles filled with developing stages of the parasite, including mature spores. Each spore was surrounded by a thin, electron-dense exospore; a thick electron-lucent endospore; and a thin cell membrane. Cross-sections of six coils of the polar tube were seen inside the spore. Proteins extracted from spores of our isolate and those from Encephalitozoon cuniculi were separated on gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and either silver-stained or transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. As many as 35 bands, ranging in molecular mass from 10,000 to 200,000, were visualized in the silver-stained gel. When reacted with the serum of our patient, strips cut from the membrane showed a number of bands ranging in molecular weight from 25,000 to 200,000. However, unique differences between the profiles of the two parasites were seen both in the immunoblot and the silver-stained protein profiles. Based on these findings, we conclude that our isolate belongs to the genus Encephalitozoon, but more studies are needed to identify our isolate to the species level. C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MS-F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 03034] NR 9 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP S105 EP S111 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HA630 UT WOS:A1991HA63000070 PM 1818126 ER PT J AU KANN, L ANDERSON, JE HOLTZMAN, D ROSS, J TRUMAN, BI COLLINS, J KOLBE, LJ AF KANN, L ANDERSON, JE HOLTZMAN, D ROSS, J TRUMAN, BI COLLINS, J KOLBE, LJ TI HIV-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND BEHAVIORS AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES - RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS; AIDS; ATTITUDES AB The Secondary School Student Health Risk Survey measured the prevalence of sexual intercourse and illegal drug injection among a national probability sample of U.S. high school students and assessed their HIV-related knowledge and beliefs. Ninety-nine (81%) of the 122 selected schools and 8,098 (83%) of the eligible students participated. Nearly all high school students knew the major modes of HIV transmission. Three percent reported injecting illegal drugs, and 1% reported sharing needles used to inject drugs. In addition, 59% of students reported having sexual intercourse and, of students who reported having sexual intercourse, 40% reported having four or more sexual partners. HIV-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among high school students suggest the need for school-based HIV education programs that help young people acquire the knowledge and skills to adopt and maintain behaviors that reduce risk of HIV infection and other related health problems. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MACRO SYST INC,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP KANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1991 VL 61 IS 9 BP 397 EP 401 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GZ890 UT WOS:A1991GZ89000006 PM 1800843 ER PT J AU POWELL, AC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS AF POWELL, AC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS TI LACK OF PLASMA INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA OR TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA ELEVATION DURING UNFAVORABLE HEMODIALYSIS CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYTOKINES; HEMODIALYSIS; ESRD; PYROGENIC REACTIONS; ENDOTOXIN ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COMPLEMENT; INDUCTION; MEMBRANES; ULTRAFILTRATION; PURIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT; SECRETION; DIALYSATE AB Plasma interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by ELISA in 17 healthy controls, 23 HD patients, 10 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, and 15 chronic renal failure patients, as well as in 2 HD patients experiencing pyrogenic reactions. Another group of 10 chronic HD patients were dialyzed for 2.5 h, 5 with first-use Cuprophan membranes and 5 with first-use high-flux cellulose triacetate membranes. The mean bacterial and endotoxin concentrations of the dialysate used for HD treatments during the study period were 18,440 +/- 530 CFU/mL (mean +/- SEM) and 976 +/- 205 pg/mL, respectively. Blood specimens were obtained intradialysis and postdialysis for cytokine assay and were incubated to augment cytokine production. There was no difference in plasma IL-1-beta or TNF-alpha concentrations among the healthy controls, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, chronic renal failure patients, or HD patients. Neither cytokine increased significantly during or after HD. Two patients experiencing pyrogenic reactions had plasma TNF-alpha concentrations of 537 and 413 pg/mL, compared with matched controls of 6 and 0 pg/mL. IL-1-beta concentration did not differ from controls. We conclude that: (1) plasma IL-1-beta and TNF-alpha are not chronically elevated in chronic renal failure, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, or HD patients; (2) HD with new Cuprophan or cellulose triacetate membranes and high concentrations of dialysate endotoxin and bacteria does not cause elevation of circulating IL-1-beta or TNF-alpha; and (3) pyrogenic reactions might be mediated by TNF-alpha. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1013 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA GQ774 UT WOS:A1991GQ77400007 PM 1760536 ER PT J AU YARBOUGH, PO TAM, AW FRY, KE KRAWCZYNSKI, K MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW REYES, GR AF YARBOUGH, PO TAM, AW FRY, KE KRAWCZYNSKI, K MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW REYES, GR TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS - IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE-COMMON EPITOPES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; AGENT; ACID; CDNA; DNA AB Large epidemic outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B viral hepatitis (ET-NANBH) have been documented in developing countries. A molecular clone derived from the causative agent, the hepatitis E virus (HEV), has recently been described (G. R. Reyes, M. A. Purdy, J. P. Kim, K.-C. Luk, L. M. Young, K. E. Fry, and D. Bradley, Science 247:1335-1339, 1990). We now report the isolation, by serologic screening, of two cDNA clones derived from a fecal sample collected during a 1986 outbreak of ET-NANBH in Telixtac, Mexico. The cDNA clones encode epitopes that specifically reacted with acute- and convalescent-phase sera collected during five different ET-NANBH epidemics and represent the initial cloning of the Mexico strain of HEV. Recombinant fusion proteins expressed from these clones were also recognized by antibodies from cynomolgus macaques experimentally infected with HEV. The cDNA clones were shown to be derived from HEV by their specific hybridization to the previously recognized full-length genomic RNA transcript of approximately 7.5 kb. In addition, however, subgenomic polyadenylated transcripts of approximately 2.0 and approximately 3.7 kb were also identified in HEV-infected cynomolgus monkey liver. Sequences homologous to the epitope clones were isolated from the Burma strain of the virus, and these demonstrated reactivity comparable to that seen with the Mexico strain epitopes. When compared with the available full-length sequence of the Burma strain of HEV, it was discovered that the cDNA clones were encoded in different open reading frames (ORFs). The comparison between Mexico and Burma HEV strains indicated amino acid homologies of 90.5 and 73.5% for these epitope-encoding clones derived from ORF2 and ORF3, respectively. The identification of these clones not only has provided insight into the expression strategy of HEV but has also resulted in a source of recombinant protein useful in the diagnosis of HEV-induced hepatitis. C1 GENELABS INC, DEPT MOLEC VIROL, REDWOOD CITY, CA 94063 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV VIRAL DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 169 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 11 BP 5790 EP 5797 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA GL296 UT WOS:A1991GL29600016 PM 1717709 ER PT J AU GILLIGAN, KJ RAJADURAI, P LIN, JC BUSSON, P ABDELHAMID, M PRASAD, U TURSZ, T RAABTRAUB, N AF GILLIGAN, KJ RAJADURAI, P LIN, JC BUSSON, P ABDELHAMID, M PRASAD, U TURSZ, T RAABTRAUB, N TI EXPRESSION OF THE EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS BAMHI-A FRAGMENT IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - EVIDENCE FOR A VIRAL PROTEIN EXPRESSED INVIVO SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; BURKITTS-LYMPHOMA; CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION; RNA; LYMPHOCYTES; INITIATION; DNA; TRANSLATION AB A family of mRNAs that are transcribed rightward through the BamHI A fragment have been detected in C15, a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which has been passaged in nude mice. Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations indicate that these RNAs are also expressed in three other NPCs which have been established in nude mice and in an NPC obtained at biopsy. Moreover, hybridization in situ detected transcription from BamHI A in 12 NPCs and 1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-containing carcinoma of the parotid gland. In each case, transcription was detected in all of the malignant epithelial cells. Transcription was not detected in two cases of EBV-positive lymphoma biopsies by in situ hybridization nor in latently infected EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines by Northern blot hybridization. The consistent transcription of these sequences in latently infected epithelial malignancy but not in lymphoid cells suggests that this viral function is associated with latent EBV infection of epithelial cells. Sequence analysis of a cDNA synthesized from the C15 tumor, representing the 3' end of BamHI a messenger RNA, revealed an open reading frame (ORF). Translation of this ORF in vitro produced several peptides that were immunoprecipitated with antisera from patients with NPC. The detection of antibodies to the protein encoded by the ORF present in the BamHI A cDNA indicates that BamHI A encodes a protein which is expressed in vivo and is antigenic. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MICROBIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. MENIA UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MENIA,EGYPT. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MALAYA,FAC MED,KUALA LUMPUR 2211,MALAYSIA. INST GUSTAVE ROUSSY,F-94805 VILLEJUIF,FRANCE. UNIV N CAROLINA,LINEBERGER CANC RES CTR,RALEIGH,NC 27599. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA32979, CA19014] NR 36 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 11 BP 6252 EP 6259 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA GL296 UT WOS:A1991GL29600070 PM 1656092 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, RC JANSSEN, RS BUEHLER, JW ZELASKY, MT HOOPER, WC AF HOLMAN, RC JANSSEN, RS BUEHLER, JW ZELASKY, MT HOOPER, WC TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE UNITED-STATES - ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MORTALITY AND AIDS SURVEILLANCE DATA SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY AB We analyzed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) mortality data from 1979 to 1987 and data on persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Based on analyses of multiple-cause-of-death vital statistics, deaths related to PML have increased fourfold from 1.5/10,000,000 persons in 1979 to 6.1/10,000,000 persons in 1987. The increase in the PML annual death rate began in 1984, occurred primarily in men 20 to 49 years of age, and was greatest in states known to have a high incidence of AIDS. In 1987, 56% of death certificates that listed PML as a cause of death also listed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Analysis of AIDS case reports to the CDC from 1981 through June 1990 demonstrated that 0.72% of persons with AIDS were reported as having PML. Although most persons with AIDS who had PML were 20 to 49 years of age (84.6%), PML was reported more frequently among persons with AIDS greater-than-or-equal-to 50 years old than < 50 years old. In addition, PML was reported more frequently among persons with AIDS who were exposed to HIV by blood transfusion than those in all other exposure categories. These data demonstrate that the increase in PML mortality from 1979 to 1987 was associated with the large increase in immunosuppressed persons with AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLMAN, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP D02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 22 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 3 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1733 EP 1736 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GQ467 UT WOS:A1991GQ46700005 PM 1944901 ER PT J AU NELSON, BK AF NELSON, BK TI SELECTING EXPOSURE PARAMETERS IN DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY ASSESSMENTS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; DOSING REGIMEN; EXPOSURE PERIODS ID MATERNAL TOXICITY; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; RATS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; ETHER; MOUSE; MICE AB Numerous factors must be considered in selecting exposure parameters for developmental neurotoxicity investigations. Whether employing a single dose during pregnancy, or continuous exposure from prepregnancy through early postnatal developmental periods, the following primary factors should be addressed: 1) Purpose of the study; 2) pharmacokinetics/pharmaco-dynamics; 3) biotransformation; 4) genotypic variables; 5) limiting factors, including the availability of test compounds for evaluation; and 6) several general, miscellaneous factors. Whether a single, large dose of an exogenous agent is more toxic to the developing nervous system than a series of smaller doses depends upon the interaction of the physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of the agent with the genotypic features of the test organism. RP NELSON, BK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS C-24,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 13 IS 6 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90039-Y PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA GW462 UT WOS:A1991GW46200001 PM 1779944 ER PT J AU YOUNG, PL SAFTLAS, AF ATRASH, HK LAWSON, HW PETREY, FF AF YOUNG, PL SAFTLAS, AF ATRASH, HK LAWSON, HW PETREY, FF TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TUBAL PREGNANCY, 1970-1987 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNRUPTURED ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; LAPAROSCOPY AB Tubal pregnancy leads to reduced childbearing potential and is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Several hospital-based studies have shown a trend toward more conservative management of tubal pregnancies, which reflects attempts to reduce morbidity and preserve fertility; however, the impact on future fertility remains unclear. To study national trends in the management of tubal pregnancy from 1970-1987, we analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Tubal pregnancies managed conservatively, using operative procedures that attempt to preserve the function of the involved fallopian tube, increased from approximately 2% in 1970-1978 to 12% in 1984-1987. During 1979-1987, conservative procedures were more than twice as common for women with private insurance as for those without it. The use of diagnostic laparoscopy increased from 10% of tubal pregnancies in 1970-1978 to 33% in 1979-1987, whereas the use of diagnostic laparotomy decreased from 24 to 2%. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 78 IS 5 BP 749 EP 752 PN 1 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GL669 UT WOS:A1991GL66900005 PM 1833684 ER PT J AU LIVENGOOD, CH LOSSICK, JG AF LIVENGOOD, CH LOSSICK, JG TI RESOLUTION OF RESISTANT VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF INTRAVAGINAL NONOXYNOL-9 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An otherwise healthy, sexually inactive woman was determined by in vitro susceptibility testing to have vaginal infection by a strain of Trichomonas vaginalis with high-grade metronidazole resistance. Prolonged high-dose oral and intravaginal metronidazole therapy did not resolve the infection, but caused temporary peripheral neuropathy. Tinidazole was ineffective as well. Serendipitous use of topical intravaginal nonoxynol-9 for contraception appeared to resolve the infection. We reviewed reinfection, noncompliance with therapy, and concomitant use of other drugs that degrade the efficacy of metronidazole as possible causes of falsely "resistant" trichomoniasis. The literature suggests that mebendazole, furazolidone, and anisomycin may be effective for treatment of metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis. This case and previously published laboratory data suggest that intravaginal nonoxynol-9 deserves further study as a treatment for resistant trichomoniasis, though trichomonal coinfection of the patient's urethra, Skene glands, and sexual partner would not likely be resolved by such therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LIVENGOOD, CH (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV GYNECOL,BOX 3291,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 78 IS 5 BP 954 EP 956 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GL683 UT WOS:A1991GL68300025 PM 1656351 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D ADES, E AF BOSSE, D ADES, E TI SUPPRESSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS BY INTERLEUKIN-4 IN TANDEM WITH INTERLEUKIN-2 THROUGH LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-2; INTERLEUKIN-4; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES ID NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; NK CELLS; IL-4; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; MODULATION AB Recent studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-4 can affect secretion of immunoglobulins (Igs) or activation of cytotoxic cells by IL-2, while other studies have shown that natural killer (NK) cells/large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) can also affect Ig synthesis. Therefore, we examined the effect of IL-4 with and without IL-2 or human NK/LGLs on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated production of IgM and IgG. We found that when IL-4 and/or IL-2 were incubated with peripheral blood lymphocytes and PWM for 7 days and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was run to measure Ig synthesis, IL-4 with IL-2 caused a greater suppression of Ig synthesis than either cytokine alone. A further experiment was done to determine the effect IL-4 and IL-2 would have on LGL suppression of Ig synthesis. IL-4 and IL-2 alone and in combination, when added to LGL, caused the LGL to suppress Ig synthesis to a greater extent than alone. We conclude that IL-4 acts on NK/LGLs separately and jointly with IL-2, to suppress Ig synthesis (IgM and IgG). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BLDG 1-3207,D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 59 IS 6 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1159/000163683 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA GB517 UT WOS:A1991GB51700005 PM 1930692 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD SPENCER, HC AF ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD SPENCER, HC TI TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AND NONDIARRHEAL GIARDIA INFECTION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; LAMBLIA; OUTBREAK; GROWTH; PREVALENCE; IMPACT RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 13021] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 10 IS 11 BP 843 EP 846 DI 10.1097/00006454-199111000-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA GP048 UT WOS:A1991GP04800011 PM 1823546 ER PT J AU DANGELO, LJ GETSON, PR LUBAN, NLC GAYLE, HD AF DANGELO, LJ GETSON, PR LUBAN, NLC GAYLE, HD TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN URBAN ADOLESCENTS - CAN WE PREDICT WHO IS AT RISK SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SEROPREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS ID SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TEENAGERS; BEHAVIORS; BELIEFS; BLACK AB Few studies have evaluated the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the adolescent population. However, there has been growing concern that sexual and drug experimentation common in this age group may increase their risks of transmitting the virus. Between October 1, 1987, and January 31, 1989, a blinded, unlinked HIV seroprevalence study was conducted among all adolescents aged 13 through 19 receiving ambulatory care at Children's National Medical Center and having blood drawn for other routine medical indications. Overall, seroprevalence in this group of patients was 0.37% (3.7/1000), with the highest prevalence in females (4.7/1000) and patients 18 through 19 years of age (5.6/1000). Of adolescents considered at high risk who were offered and accepted voluntary HIV testing during the same time period, 4.1% (41/1000) were positive. Inasmuch as this represents only 38% of all of the positive tests obtained in the blinded testing phase of the study, it may indicate that a substantial proportion of HIV-positive adolescent patients may be missed by using standard criteria and methods of identifying risk and/or that those most at risk may be reluctant to be tested for HIV infection. The results suggest that HIV infection is present in this population of urban adolescents and that the seroprevalence rate is higher than in other nonselect groups. Moreover, using traditional risk factors as screening criteria may not identify the majority of those infected. Trends need to be followed and further studies conducted in an attempt to define which adolescents are at highest risk for HIV infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV,AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DANGELO, LJ (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,SCH MED & HLTH SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20010, USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1991 VL 88 IS 5 BP 982 EP 986 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GM934 UT WOS:A1991GM93400014 PM 1945639 ER PT J AU LEVANDOWSKI, RA REGNERY, HL STATON, E BURGESS, BG WILLIAMS, MS GROOTHUIS, JR AF LEVANDOWSKI, RA REGNERY, HL STATON, E BURGESS, BG WILLIAMS, MS GROOTHUIS, JR TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSES TO INFLUENZA-B VIRUSES IN IMMUNOLOGICALLY UNPRIMED CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CROSS-REACTIVE ANTIBODIES; IMMUNIZATION; INFLUENZA-B VIRUSES; INFLUENZA VACCINES ID PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; NATURAL INFECTION; WHOLE-VIRUS; VACCINES; NEURAMINIDASE; VACCINATION; EPIDEMICS; IMMUNITY; HOUSTON AB The cocirculation in several parts of the world of influenza viruses B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87, which are genetically and antigenically divergent, has prompted the question of whether immunization with one viral antigen is sufficient for protection against both strains. Twenty-three high-risk infants and young children were immunized with a commercial trivalent influenza vaccine containing the antigens of influenza virus B/Yamagata/16/88. When antibodies against influenza viruses B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87 were determined, increases developed uniformly to both in the sera of primed children previously exposed to influenza virus B/Victoria/2/87 by immunization or infection. Antibodies against B/Yamagata/16/88 developed in the sera of unprimed children with titers similar to those of the primed children. However, antibodies to B/Victoria/2/87 were not detected in the sera of the unprimed children. These data suggest that children without appropriate immunologic priming may not be protected against an infection with a B/Victoria/2/87 strain after vaccination with a B/Yamagata/16/88 strain. Immunization with more than one influenza B virus strain may be desirable in some high-risk pediatric patients if divergent influenza B viruses circulate. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80202. RP LEVANDOWSKI, RA (reprint author), CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-69]; PHS HHS [223-85-1102] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1991 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1036 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GM934 UT WOS:A1991GM93400022 PM 1945607 ER PT J AU FORD, ES JONES, DH AF FORD, ES JONES, DH TI CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH KNOWLEDGE IN THE UNITED-STATES - FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY, 1985 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL; MORTALITY; DISEASE; ADULTS; BELIEF RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 725 EP 736 DI 10.1016/0091-7435(91)90067-E PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA GT572 UT WOS:A1991GT57200005 PM 1766944 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 601 EP 601 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200001 PM 1659703 ER PT J AU NOBLE, GR PARRA, WC HOLMAN, PB AF NOBLE, GR PARRA, WC HOLMAN, PB TI ORGANIZATIONAL-STRUCTURE AND RESOURCES OF CDC HIV-AIDS PREVENTION PROGRAM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article RP NOBLE, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 604 EP 607 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200002 PM 1659705 ER PT J AU NOBLE, GR AF NOBLE, GR TI HOW THE RESPONSE TO THE EPIDEMIC OF HIV-INFECTION HAS STRENGTHENED THE PUBLIC-HEALTH SYSTEM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Since acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) was first identified in 1981, it has become one of the leading causes of death in men and women 25-44 years of age in the United States. The urgent public health response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS epidemic has required the development of new prevention programs; these efforts have significantly strengthened the public health system itself. A major part of CDC's mission is to prevent HIV infection and reduce the incidence of HIV-associated illness. In fighting HIV infection and AIDS, as in all successful public health programs, CDC has four important goals: (a) to assess risks, (b) to develop prevention technologies, (c) to build prevention capacities, and (d) to implement prevention programs. The urgency of the need to prevent HIV infection and AIDS has in many instances added impetus or substance to programs already under way, as well as prompting the development of new initiatives to meet the four goals. Examples of ways in which the public health system has benefited from HIV-related programs and activities are detailed in this article. Although the HIV epidemic has created significant stresses in many areas of public health and medical services, the experience gained in dealing with this epidemic will strengthen the nation's response to other health crises that arise. Despite the huge challenges, lessons learned thus far provide direction and hope for the future. RP NOBLE, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HIV,1600 CLIFTON RD,OCS MAILSTOP E-41,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 608 EP 615 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200003 PM 1659706 ER PT J AU WOODS, DR DAVIS, D WESTOVER, BJ AF WOODS, DR DAVIS, D WESTOVER, BJ TI AMERICA RESPONDS TO AIDS - ITS CONTENT, DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, AND OUTCOME SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The "America Responds to AIDS" (ARTA) public information-prevention campaign from July 1987 through February 1991 is described. During the 1987-90 period, five phases of new AIDS information materials were released to the general public in the ARTA campaign, including a national mailer. The five were "General Awareness: Humanizing AIDS" in October 1987, "Understanding AIDS," the national mailout, April 1988, "Women at Risk/Multiple Partner, Sexually Active Adults," October 1988, "Parents and Youth," May 1989, and "Preventing HIV Infection and AIDS: Taking The Next Steps," July 1990. From planning to implementation to evaluation, ARTA is based on well-established theory and practice. Initially, the campaign was a response to an immediate crisis. It has evolved into the deliberate and systematic development of objectives to combat a chronic problem. ARTA represents one of the most comprehensive formative research processes in the history of public service campaigns. The dynamic process of carefully developing each new phase to include such important entities as State and local health agencies and community-based organizations is at least as important as the quality of the end materials. The objectives of each new phase are based on the needs of the public and of specific audiences. Maximum input from all relevant constituencies is obtained to ensure that they support the campaign's objectives and implementation strategy. RP WOODS, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 616 EP 622 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200004 PM 1720249 ER PT J AU KEISER, NH AF KEISER, NH TI STRATEGIES OF MEDIA MARKETING FOR AMERICA RESPONDS TO AIDS AND APPLYING LESSONS LEARNED SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) public service announcement (PSA) campaign on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), entitled "America Responds to AIDS," has provided an opportunity to examine various media marketing techniques and their effectiveness in setting and sustaining a national media agenda for public health. The overall objective was to enlist the media as a partner in the effort to establish a clear national public health agenda on AIDS by reaching as many Americans as possible with disease prevention information in a credible and acceptable way. In order for the media to become interested in a subject traditionally treated as health information rather than a "news story," CDC identified and employed various methods and tools to generate coverage. These included the use of news conferences, video and audio news releases, satellite interviews, and press kits developed for each phase of the campaign. News "hooks" were used to grab attention; for example, the use of well-known public health spokespersons in media events or the promotion of free collateral materials. The marketing approach undertaken for each phase of the campaign varied, and lessons were learned and applied along the way. A model emerged indicating that a combination of techniques could result in maximum exposure in both news stories and public affairs programming. Because the model allowed messages to be delivered credibly and consistently, the result was increased usage of the PSAs to coincide with the media coverage. RP KEISER, NH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP E-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 623 EP 627 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200005 PM 1659707 ER PT J AU WALLER, RR LISELLA, LW AF WALLER, RR LISELLA, LW TI NATIONAL AIDS HOTLINE - HIV AND AIDS INFORMATION-SERVICE THROUGH A TOLL-FREE TELEPHONE SYSTEM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The National AIDS Hotline (NAH), a service of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), is an information resource for the population of the United States, its Territories, and Puerto Rico concerning the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since its inception in 1983, NAH has grown to be the world's largest health-related hotline service. NAH has received an average of more than 1.4 million calls per year since October 1987. Services of NAH include responding to the public's questions about HIV and AIDS and providing referrals to State and local resources. All services, including HIV and AIDS publications, are provided free of charge. The public contacts NAH 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, through a toll-free telephone system. Services are available to English-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and deaf populations. Each service has its own telephone number-English-speaking, 1-800-342-2437; Spanish-speaking, 1-800-344-7432; TTY service for the deaf, 1-800-243-7889. NAH employs approximately 170 information specialists to answer calls. The facility uses modern telecommunications technology to effectively manage and direct calls to 43 work stations. Each work station is supported by a personal computer that allows access to CDC's National AIDS Clearinghouse data bases for referrals and publication ordering. NAH ensures that information provided to the public is current, accurate, and consistent with approved government policy. Quality assurance reviews address call management, delivery of information, and content of calls. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,COMMUN SERV ASSISTANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WALLER, RR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 628 EP 634 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200006 PM 1659708 ER PT J AU SINNOCK, P MURPHY, PE BAKER, TG BATES, R AF SINNOCK, P MURPHY, PE BAKER, TG BATES, R TI 1ST 3 YEARS OF THE NATIONAL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The National AIDS Clearinghouse is an information service provided by the Centers for Disease Control. The Clearinghouse was established in 1987 to respond to increasing numbers of public and professional inquiries, to disseminate accurate information, and to make referrals to local sources of information and assistance. Four data bases-Resources and Services Database containing information about more than 16,000 organizations that provide counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other education and prevention services; Educational Materials Database containing more than 8,000 individual, hard-to-find educational materials; Funding Database; and the AIDS Clinical Trial Information Service (ACTIS) Database-are searched by information specialists to respond to more than 45,000 requests annually for information from a variety of health professionals, organizations, and the general public. Between 1987 and 1991, the Clearinghouse disseminated more than 60 million copies of publications related to HIV and AIDS. Information and education remain the most critical tools for the prevention of HIV infection, and the National AIDS Clearinghouse provides an essential element for the dissemination of education and prevention information. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP SINNOCK, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAIL STOP E-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 634 EP 639 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200007 PM 1659709 ER PT J AU SALMON, CT JASON, J AF SALMON, CT JASON, J TI A SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE USE OF MEDIA IN CDC NATIONAL AIDS INFORMATION AND EDUCATION-PROGRAM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CAMPAIGNS; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH AB The National AIDS Information and Education Program (NAIEP) commissioned the National Academy of Sciences to design a prototypical system of research for use in the evaluation of the agency's media campaign. It consists of four types of evaluation: formative, efficacy, process, and outcome. These types of evaluations are used to answer such questions as the following: What message strategies will work best? Can a campaign under optimal conditions be expected to make a difference? What interventions are actually delivered during the campaign? Has the campaign actually had an impact? How NAIEP has used the system and adapted it during 1 year of research activities is outlined, and examples from a variety of other social marketing programs are described. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MASS COMMUN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SALMON, CT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200008 PM 1659710 ER PT J AU DONOVAN, RJ JASON, J GIBBS, DA KROGER, F AF DONOVAN, RJ JASON, J GIBBS, DA KROGER, F TI PAID ADVERTISING FOR AIDS PREVENTION - WOULD THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; BELIEFS; PROJECT AB An examination by the Centers for Disease Control and the Research Triangle Intitute concluded that "hard-to-reach" populations could be reached with AIDS prevention messages through the broadcast and print media and that a study should be undertaken to assess whether paid placement of these messages could have an effect on HIV-related behaviors. The recommended target population for a study of paid advertising would be sexually active 18-24-year-old black urban dwellers. Its behavioral objectives would include abstinence and safer sex practices. For any evaluation of a paid advertising campaign to be valid, there would have to be extensive audience profiling, research into the development of the message, pretesting of the message, and involvement of the community. The proposed study would include measurement of various "dosage" levels of paid advertising, use of a no-intervention comparison group, and a novel data collection technique. Although a specific target group and specific messages would be involved, the evaluation would make a substantial contribution to resolving the broader issue of whether and how mass media should be used directly or indirectly to change or reinforce health-related behaviors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP JASON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 645 EP 651 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200009 PM 1659711 ER PT J AU GENTRY, EM JORGENSEN, CM AF GENTRY, EM JORGENSEN, CM TI MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF AMERICA RESPONDS TO AIDS PSA CAMPAIGN SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The "America Responds to AIDS" campaign is the focal point of an integrated mass communications system for AIDS education and information dissemination developed by the National AIDS Information and Education Program of the Centers for Disease Control. Television and radio public service announcements are an integral part of the campaign. One measure of their success is the extent to which they are aired on both national and local levels. Since 1987, the total dollar value for air time donated to the "America Responds to AIDS" campaign is more than $65 million, representing 47 percent of all donations of air time for AIDS public service announcements. These results suggest that the campaign has been successful in reaching a large proportion of the public. RP GENTRY, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,COMMUN SERV & ASSISTANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 651 EP 655 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200010 PM 1659712 ER PT J AU DAVIS, D AF DAVIS, D TI UNDERSTANDING AIDS - THE NATIONAL AIDS MAILER SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the Public Health Service made public health history in 1988 by mailing the pamphlet, "Understanding AIDS," to every household in the United States. Approximately 126 million copies were distributed, reaching at least 60 percent of the population according to several national polls. The pamphlet was produced and mailed at a cost of about 20 cents per copy. The impact of "Understanding AIDS" by itself on AIDS-related behavior was not fully assessed. Extensive message pretesting and other commercial marketing techniques to improve the effectiveness of the brochure, however, helped "Understanding AIDS" achieve an increase in awareness and concern about AIDS. A number of lessons were learned during the process. They included the importance in such an enterprise of setting a deadline, doing formative research, receiving active support from senior management, achieving a consensus on scientific knowledge, using communications experts, centralizing the final decision-making function, maximizing publicity surrounding the mailing, building a base of support among constituency groups, planning distribution logistics from the very start, and designing evaluation into the process from the beginning. RP DAVIS, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 656 EP 662 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200011 PM 1659713 ER PT J AU FARNHAM, PG AF FARNHAM, PG TI KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND BEHAVIORS OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY RELATIVE TO HIV-AIDS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB One of the goals of the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) policy on the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is to support business organizations in implementing HIV and AIDS information, education, and prevention activities. However, the response of the American business community to HIV infection and AIDS has been varied. Although company executives consider AIDS to be one of the leading problems in the country, surveys typically indicate that less than one-third of business have or are developing some type of AIDS policy. The workplace appears to be a valid site for AIDS information and education programs, given the weight employees attach to information received there. However, workplace education and information programs are undertaken primarily by large companies. Many small companies do not devote much time and effort to these activities, even though extensive, indepth educational programs are likely to have positive impacts on worker attitudes and behavior, whereas short programs or literature distribution may only increase workers' fears. The question of what is an effective workplace program still needs additional research. Very little is known about the magnitude of the costs of HIV infection and AIDS to business. These costs, which are affected by the changing roles of employer-based health insurance, cost shifting, and public programs, will influence how employers react to the epidemic and how they respond to CDC's prevention initiatives. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP FARNHAM, PG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAIL STOP A-24,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200012 PM 1956975 ER PT J AU SCARLETT, MI WILLIAMS, KR COTTON, MF AF SCARLETT, MI WILLIAMS, KR COTTON, MF TI A PRIVATE ORGANIZATION AND PUBLIC AGENCY PARTNERSHIP IN COMMUNITY-HEALTH EDUCATION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The authors address a unique partnership among private and public organizations, that of the American Red Cross and the Centers for Disease Control of the Public Health Service. The partnership stimulates an integrated community response to preventing and controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the local level. The partnership channels information and provides education to local communities through the efforts of volunteers and staff members. Information is made available as well through other partnerships established under the cooperative agreement between the American Red Cross and the Centers for Disease Control. These partnerships include other national organizations, such as the National Leadership Coalition on AIDS, the National Association of People with AIDS, the National Urban League, and the National Council of La Raza. Education and information messages are designed to complement and be consistent with information and messages from the Public Health Service through the National AIDS Information and Education Program and the "America Responds to AIDS" public information campaign. The objectives are to mobilize local community support for efforts for HIV infection and AIDS prevention and services, as well as to heighten public awareness of the issues. C1 AMER RED CROSS NATL HEADQUARTERS,OFF HIV AIDS EDUC,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP SCARLETT, MI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MS A24,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 667 EP 672 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200013 PM 1659714 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, KR SCARLETT, MI JIMENEZ, R SCHWARTZ, B STOKESNIELSON, P AF WILLIAMS, KR SCARLETT, MI JIMENEZ, R SCHWARTZ, B STOKESNIELSON, P TI IMPROVING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION THROUGH NATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB If the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is to be prevented, the environment in which people live should predispose them to engage in and sustain safe behaviors. Too often in public health, the range of organizations that make up that environment are overlooked, and prevention strategies are limited to familiar medical and public health institutions. Improvement in public health does not occur in isolation, apart from the other institutions of society-and so it is with the HIV-AIDS epidemic. Education; business and labor; religion; government; voluntary, civic, and social organizations; and the media can all serve as facilitators or as barriers to creating the environment-at the national, regional, State, or local level-that will prevent and control the spread of HIV infection and AIDS and support the needs of those already infected. Collectively, they become a comprehensive HIV prevention network with access to and influence on the total public. One of the most significant benefits of this network is the multiplier effect on the limited resources of public health. Therefore, as part of its HIV and AIDS prevention strategy, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has developed national partnerships to involve the leadership of business, labor and industry, religious institutions and organizations, and voluntary organizations in HIV and AIDS prevention and service. Some of these partnerships are federally funded, others are not. The national partnership program described in this paper has produced increased resources for HIV education and services and has demonstrated the synergistic benefits resulting from public and private cooperation in addressing the HIV epidemic. RP WILLIAMS, KR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT EDUC PROGRAM,NATL PARTNERSHIPS DEV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 672 EP 677 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200014 PM 1659715 ER PT J AU MOORE, JR DAILY, L COLLINS, J KANN, L DALMAT, M TRUMAN, BI KOLBE, LJ AF MOORE, JR DAILY, L COLLINS, J KANN, L DALMAT, M TRUMAN, BI KOLBE, LJ TI PROGRESS IN EFFORTS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV-INFECTION AMONG YOUTH SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes AIDS will continue to threaten public health for years to come. Despite some popular misperceptions, adolescents are at risk of infection. Twenty percent of persons reported with AIDS have been ages 20 through 29. Given the long incubation period between HIV infection and AIDS, some of these young adults probably were infected while they were teenagers. Young people must develop the skills they will need to avoid HIV infection and other related health problems. In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) launched a national program to help schools and other agencies that serve youth across the nation provide effective health education to prevent the spread of HIV. CDC supports and works closely with national health and education organizations, State and local education agencies, colleges and universities, and local health departments to establish HIV prevention policies and programs, training and demonstration centers, information development and dissemination activities. The impact of these efforts are assessed through applied surveillance and evaluation research. Through this system, CDC is attempting to institutionalize the means for continuously providing educational programs that will be effective in preventing HIV infection and other important health problems. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PROGRAM DEV & SERV BRANCH,SCH PROGRAMS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUATION RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOORE, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 678 EP 686 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200015 PM 1659716 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, PB JENKINS, WC GAYLE, JA DUNCAN, C LINDSEY, BK AF HOLMAN, PB JENKINS, WC GAYLE, JA DUNCAN, C LINDSEY, BK TI INCREASING THE INVOLVEMENT OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RACIAL AND ETHNIC-MINORITY ORGANIZATIONS IN HIV INFORMATION AND EDUCATION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Responding to the facts that (a) the AIDS epidemic is occurring among black and Hispanic populations disproportionately to their percentage of the U.S. population and (b) effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs are racially, ethnically, and culturally relevant and sensitive, CDC in 1988 initiated a 5-year grant program for HIV prevention efforts by national racial and ethnic minority organizations and regional consortia of racial and ethnic minority organizations. A total of 33 organizations received first-year funds. Of the 32 grants that are ongoing, 15 primarily target blacks, 12 Hispanics, 4 Native Americans and Alaskan Natives, and 1 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Some grants are for more than one racial or ethnic population. Programs may be categorized as (a) education programs within national non-AIDS organizations and their respective affiliate networks to increase their understanding, support, and community outreach for HIV prevention; for example, National Urban League, Inc.; (b) programs providing specific HIV prevention expertise and technical assistance to community-based and other organizations; for example, National Minority AIDS Council; (c) HIV prevention programs emphasizing communications and media; for example, Hispanic Designers, Inc; and (d) prevention programs targeted to a specific racial or ethnic group within a geographic area; for example, Midwest Hispanic AIDS Coalition. As a result of these grants, substantial resources are being invested in prevention programs developed by and for racial and ethnic minorities. Other overall benefits include an expanded foundation of organizations to address AIDS and other health problems affecting these populations, strengthened interrelationships among HIV-focused and broader-based minority organizations, and extensive collaboration of private sector organizations with Federal and State public health and education agencies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLMAN, PB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A24,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 687 EP 694 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200016 PM 1659717 ER PT J AU BAILEY, ME AF BAILEY, ME TI DEVELOPING A NATIONAL HIV AIDS PREVENTION PROGRAM THROUGH STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) shaped the basic development and direction of the HIV/AIDS Prevention Program through technical support and financial assistance for State and local health departments and other organizations. Through this provision of support, CDC has responded to the course of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic by creating programs to preserve the safety of the blood supply, by developing counseling and testing centers, by promoting "safer sex," by promoting health education and risk reduction, by evaluating existing services, by disseminating new technology, and by targeting new at-risk behaviors as the infection spread. Funding has also been used to respond to congressional mandates, evaluations of program effectiveness, and the National Academy of Sciences report, "Confronting AIDS: Directions for Public Health, Health Care, and Research." C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BAILEY, ME (reprint author), CARE OF DAVIS D,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT EDUC PROGRAM,MS E25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200017 PM 1659718 ER PT J AU BAILEY, ME AF BAILEY, ME TI COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND CDC AS PARTNERS IN HIV EDUCATION AND PREVENTION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB By 1982, community responses to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic were evident in some cities in the United States. Community responses were planned, developed, and coordinated largely by service-oriented, community-based organizations. Indirect evidence suggests that such organizations' activities mainly were in the form of attempting to discourage behaviors associated with the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. During 1984, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) assessed the educational activities of community-based organizations and public health agencies in several cities nationwide. Investigators found that in those cities where health education had become a secondary activity within a health department, prevention activities tended to be ineffective. They noted that the challenge of the epidemic lay in finding effective strategies for disseminating relevant information. They concluded that prevention efforts directed to groups at risk needed to be appropriate to the lifestyle, language, and environment of a particular risk group. CDC recognized these findings by adopting a policy of support of community-based organizations in its overall AIDS prevention strategy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BAILEY, ME (reprint author), CARE OF DAVIS D,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MS E25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 702 EP 708 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200018 PM 1659719 ER PT J AU RUGG, DL MACGOWAN, RJ STARK, KA SWANSON, NM AF RUGG, DL MACGOWAN, RJ STARK, KA SWANSON, NM TI EVALUATING THE CDC PROGRAM FOR HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBAL PROGRAMME ON AIDS : CONSULTATION ON THE ASSESSMENT OF COUNSELLING EFFICIENCY IN HIV/AIDS CY NOV 13-16, 1990 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP WHO AB The Centers for Disease Control is conducting two investigations of the outcomes of HIV counseling and testing services offered persons at high risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One investigation is a trial conducted at sexually transmitted disease clinics where an enhanced version of HIV counseling and testing is compared with a standard version. The other investigation is a longitudinal study of the effects of HIV counseling and testing in drug treatment programs that use methadone therapy. In the evaluation, comparisons are being made of different ways of offering HIV counseling and testing and of the effectiveness of the program among persons who know their HIV serostatus and those who do not. The outcome variables include self-reported sexual and drug-using behaviors, together with corroborating laboratory tests, drug treatment compliance, mental health effects, and services utilization. Methodological, practical, and sociopolitical challenges were encountered in the evaluations. Possible solutions to the problems are described. The authors conclude that the designs of the evaluations were appropriate, but that considerable resources are required to carry them out. In settings with low levels of resources, thorough evaluation of the process and an assessment of the immediate outcomes may be the most appropriate evaluation strategy. As HIV counseling and testing are of fundamental importance to national and international HIV prevention efforts, their evaluation is a critical issue. C1 PROVIDENCE HOSP INC,HOLYOKE,MA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RUGG, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,EVALUAT RES SECT,MS K33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 708 EP 713 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200019 PM 1659720 ER PT J AU OREILLY, KR HIGGINS, DL AF OREILLY, KR HIGGINS, DL TI AIDS COMMUNITY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS FOR HIV PREVENTION AMONG HARD-TO-REACH GROUPS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-KARELIA PROJECT; HEALTH PROMOTION; MODEL AB The AIDS Community Demonstration Projects are multicenter prevention projects directing community-based interventions to members of hard-to-reach groups at risk of infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The projects are supported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Interventions are derived from theories of behavior change and have as their goal reducing HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the communities. The current objectives, intentionally narrow to improve the project's specificity and clarity, are to increase the use of condoms in sexual activity and the use of bleach to clean injecting drug equipment. Additional objectives may be added. The impact of the interventions is seen in increases in the use of HIV counseling and testing services, decreases in all or specific sexual and drug-use risk behaviors, and requests for related social and public health services. A quasi-experimental research design is being used to evaluate the projects. Multiple evaluation measures are used, including a street-based interview with randomly identified respondents in both intervention and control communities. Success in facilitating HIV and AIDS risk reduction is being measured using a model of behavior change describing stages of change. Upon successful completion of these projects in 1994, CDC may be able to offer models of effective, feasible, and easy-to-monitor HIV and AIDS prevention activities to State and local health departments and community-based organizations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,OPERAT RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OREILLY, KR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MS E44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 714 EP 720 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200020 PM 1659721 ER PT J AU GREENSPAN, AL CURRAN, JW AF GREENSPAN, AL CURRAN, JW TI COMMUNICATING SURVEILLANCE, EPIDEMIOLOGIC, AND LABORATORY INFORMATION ON HIV-INFECTION AND AIDS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB As the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has evolved over the past 10 years, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has been at the forefront of the scientific efforts that have characterized HIV-AIDS research. Because of CDC's central role in these efforts, the medical and public health communities have come to depend on the agency for prompt reporting of new developments related to the epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS and for advice on risk management, prevention, and control. CDC disseminates this information through epidemiologic updates and prevention guidelines published in the periodical, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, through articles in scientific journals and summary tabulations of AIDS case data and HIV seroprevalence data, and through interviews and presentations at scientific meetings. These formal information dissemination activities are supplemented with training and support efforts directed at health care providers, health department and laboratory personnel, educators, and centralized HIV-AIDS information resources. As questions are answered, controversies resolved, and new research applications explored, CDC will continue to provide the medical and public health communities with the most recent epidemiologic information and recommendations developed to help direct efforts in HIV prevention and risk reduction. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GREENSPAN, AL (reprint author), 685 GREYSTONE PK,ATLANTA,GA 30324, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 721 EP 726 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200021 PM 1659722 ER PT J AU COLLINS, CL MULLAN, RJ MOSELEY, RR AF COLLINS, CL MULLAN, RJ MOSELEY, RR TI HIV SAFETY GUIDELINES AND LABORATORY TRAINING SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB At the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), educational activities concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are directed to many target audiences; important among these are health care and public safety workers. Several CDC programs are designed to address the specific education and training needs of these groups. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a set of occupational safety guidelines directed to fire service personnel, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, and law enforcement and correctional facility personnel. These guidelines provide information on modes of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, the risk of transmission, the control of risk, and specific risk-control recommendations. NIOSH also has developed a model curriculum, based on the principles and practices discussed in the guidelines, for use in training workers. The Hospital Infections Program (HIP) at CDC's National Center for Infectious Diseases is responsible for assessing the risk of HIV infection for both health care workers and patients. As part of this effort, HIP has developed guidelines to prevent transmission of HIV and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings, as well as statements regarding management of occupational exposure to HIV. The Public Health Practice Program Office provides laboratory training to health care workers who are performing HIV- and AIDS-related testing. This training is delivered through the National Laboratory Training Network and through courses given at CDC headquarters in Atlanta. The delivery of laboratory training is supported by the development of training materials and by performance evaluation programs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,TECH INFORMAT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLLINS, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,MAIL STOP A-16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 106 IS 6 BP 727 EP 732 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GT772 UT WOS:A1991GT77200022 PM 1659723 ER PT J AU POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A AF POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A TI SUPPLEMENT 1990 (NO-34) TO THE KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; SEROVAR, TAXONOMY, KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME ID SALMONELLA; NOV AB This supplement reports the characterization of 29 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1990 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 22 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 2 to subspecies salamae, 1 to subspecies arizonae, 3 to subspecies diarizonae and 1 to subspecies indica. C1 HYG INST,NATL SALMONELLA ZENT,HAMBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPOFF, MY (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,U199,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,WHO,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 142 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1033 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(91)90014-2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GZ534 UT WOS:A1991GZ53400014 PM 1805305 ER PT J AU SCHMID, DS MAWLE, AC AF SCHMID, DS MAWLE, AC TI T-CELL RESPONSES TO HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUSES IN HUMANS SO REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS VACCINE CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1989 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIAID, NIAID, MICROBIOL & INFECTIOUS DIS PROGRAM ID DIFFERENTIAL INVITRO ACTIVATION; CYTO-TOXICITY; INFECTED CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MHC CLASS; CLONES; ANTIGENS; LYSIS; CD4+; RECOGNITION AB Much of the evidence that implicates cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the control of infections due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is circumstantial. However, the ease of induction of HSV-specific CTLs in vitro, the evidence from clinical observations in humans, and the protection afforded by adoptively transferred CTLs all tend to support an important role for CTLs in the resolution of HSV disease. One salient feature of the response of human CTLs to HSV that has emerged quite clearly is the presence of CD4+ T cells as a predominant killer cell phenotype. Given the importance of CD4+ T cells in mediating delayed type hypersensitivity responses and in clearing local infections on adoptive transfer, this T cell subset probably plays a critical role in the resolution of HSV recrudescent disease. Moreover, it is tempting to speculate that viral agents that impair the function of CD4+ T cells, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1, may predispose patients to severe local infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHMID, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0162-0886 J9 REV INFECT DIS PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 13 SU 11 BP S946 EP S949 PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA GV626 UT WOS:A1991GV62600012 PM 1685796 ER PT J AU NAHLEN, BL LOBEL, HO CANNON, SE CAMPBELL, CC AF NAHLEN, BL LOBEL, HO CANNON, SE CAMPBELL, CC TI REASSESSMENT OF BLOOD-DONOR SELECTION CRITERIA FOR UNITED-STATES TRAVELERS TO MALARIOUS AREAS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION AB In the United States (US), travelers who have had malaria or who have taken anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis are deferred as blood donors for 3 years to prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria. To assess the impact of shortening this 3-year exclusion period, national malaria surveillance data from 1972 to 1988 were reviewed. The average annual rate of transfusion-transmitted malaria is 0.25 cases per million units of blood collected. Of 45 reported cases, 38 percent were caused by Plasmodium malariae, 29 percent by P. falciparum, 24 percent by P. vivax, and 9 percent by P. ovale. Thirty-two donors were implicated in 34 cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria. Of 30 implicated donors whose native country was identified, 23 (77%) were foreign nationals and 7 (23%) were from the US. In a review of all import d malaria cases by species and by interval between date of entry and onset of illness, 98 percent of P. falciparum, 86 percent of P. malariae, 76 percent of P. vivax, and 74 percent of P. ovale infections became symptomatic within 6 months of the patient's arrival in the US, regardless of the use of prophylaxis. Shortening to 6 months the donor exclusion period for US travelers to malarious areas would result in a minimum of 70,000 additional blood donors' being made available, with a maximum annual increase of 0.03 additional cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria. The potential benefit of bringing healthy travelers back into the donor pool after a shorter period of exclusion merits consideration by the blood banking industry. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 9 BP 798 EP 804 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31992094665.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GW178 UT WOS:A1991GW17800004 PM 1755083 ER PT J AU KERNDT, PR WASKIN, HA KIRCHHOFF, LV STEURER, F WATERMAN, SH NELSON, JM GELLERT, GA SHULMAN, IA AF KERNDT, PR WASKIN, HA KIRCHHOFF, LV STEURER, F WATERMAN, SH NELSON, JM GELLERT, GA SHULMAN, IA TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI AMONG BLOOD-DONORS IN LOS-ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS AB Transfusion-associated Chagas' disease is a serious public health problem in Central and South America. With the recent influx of immigrants from Chagas' disease-endemic areas, concern about the risk of disease from blood transfusion has increased in the United States. To assess the prevalence of Trypanosome cruzi Infection in one area, 1024 consecutive blood donations from 988 voluntary blood donors at a medical center in Los Angeles County were screened serologically. The median age of donors screened was 32.5 years; 53.4 percent were male, and 38.4 percent were born in Chagas' disease-endemic countries. All donor sera were tested by complement fixation (CF) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests. A radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) was also done on all sera from CF- or IIF-reactive donors and an equal number of sera from nonreactive donors. A second serum specimen was obtained, and interviews were completed for 18 (67%) of 27 donors with an initial CF titer greater-than-or-equal-to 8 or an IIF titer greater-than-or-equal-to 64. The overall seroreactivity (by CF and IIF) was 1.1 percent (11/988). One donor (0.1%) had antibody specific to the 72- and 90-kDa antigens of T. cruzi on RIPA. Seven recipients of blood components from the seroreactive donors were located and were seronegative at 3 to 6 months. Seroreactive donors were 3.6 times more likely to have been born or to have resided in Mexico or Central America, 8.7 times more likely to have donated blood in the past, and 11.8 times more likely to have a history of malaria prophylaxis or treatment. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,IOWA CITY,IA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. RP KERNDT, PR (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,AIDS EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL UNIT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. NR 17 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 9 BP 814 EP 818 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31992094668.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GW178 UT WOS:A1991GW17800007 PM 1755086 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP PERKINS, HA HOLLAND, P PETERSEN, L AF BUSCH, MP PERKINS, HA HOLLAND, P PETERSEN, L TI THE CUE DEBATE (CONTINUED) - ON SURROGATE TESTS AND SURROGATE END-POINTS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CONFIDENTIAL UNIT EXCLUSION; BLOOD-DONORS; P24 ANTIGEN; EFFICACY C1 SACRAMENTO MED FDN,CTR BLOOD,SACRAMENTO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUSCH, MP (reprint author), IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 9 BP 869 EP 869 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31992094677.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GW178 UT WOS:A1991GW17800015 PM 1755093 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR AF PETERSEN, LR TI CONFIDENTIAL UNIT EXCLUSION - HOW SHOULD IT BE EVALUATED SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID TRANSFUSION; BLOOD C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 9 BP 869 EP 870 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31992094676.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GW178 UT WOS:A1991GW17800016 PM 1755092 ER PT J AU BERNARD, KW FISHBEIN, DB AF BERNARD, KW FISHBEIN, DB TI PREEXPOSURE RABIES PROPHYLAXIS FOR TRAVELERS - ARE THE BENEFITS WORTH THE COST SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES; PROPHYLAXIS; PREEXPOSURE; POSTEXPOSURE AB Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis is recommended by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the US Public Health Services (PHS) as a safe and effective method for reducing the risk of rabies in international travellers. The United States Peace Corps provides pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) to over 2000 new volunteers each year going to rabies-endemic countries. During the year November 1987 through October 1988, 175 rabies exposures (and no deaths) were documented in Peace Corps Volunteers serving in 31 rabies-endemic countries, for an overall postexposure treatment rate of 43.6/1000 volunteers per year. Although PHS treatment protocols were strictly followed, the postexposure prophylaxis rate for these Peace Corps Volunteers was 550 times higher than that for the US general population, and 55 times higher than the average rate for 30 developing countries. The use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in travellers was not cost-effective and will not become so until the price of a dose of vaccine declines substantially to $7.00 for the Peace Corps, and even lower for groups with less rabies exposure. However, despite the high vaccine cost, pre-exposure prophylaxis continues to be recommended in the Peace Corps for important non-economic reasons which may also be applicable to other groups of travellers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BERNARD, KW (reprint author), US PHS,OFF INT HLTH,ROOM 18-87 PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1991 VL 9 IS 11 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90221-Q PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA GN417 UT WOS:A1991GN41700012 PM 1759505 ER PT J AU TAM, AW SMITH, MM GUERRA, ME HUANG, CC BRADLEY, DW FRY, KE REYES, GR AF TAM, AW SMITH, MM GUERRA, ME HUANG, CC BRADLEY, DW FRY, KE REYES, GR TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS (HEV) - MOLECULAR-CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF THE FULL-LENGTH VIRAL GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; TRANSFUSION NON-A; POST-TRANSFUSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; THYMIDINE KINASE; RNA; CDNA; PROTEINS C1 GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,505 PENOBSCOT DR,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 52 TC 641 Z9 675 U1 5 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 185 IS 1 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90760-9 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA GJ980 UT WOS:A1991GJ98000015 PM 1926770 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L AF STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L TI MORTALITY AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 24 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 17 BP 1254 EP 1254 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GL282 UT WOS:A1991GL28200022 ER PT J AU POLLOCK, DA HOLMGREEN, P LUI, KJ KIRK, ML AF POLLOCK, DA HOLMGREEN, P LUI, KJ KIRK, ML TI DISCREPANCIES IN THE REPORTED FREQUENCY OF COCAINE-RELATED DEATHS, UNITED-STATES, 1983 THROUGH 1988 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COUNTY; STATISTICS; PROGRAM; ABUSE AB Objective. - To assess the validity of cocaine-related mortality data available from the principal federal sources of information about the frequency of drug abuse deaths in the United States: the national vital statistics system and the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). Design, Setting, and Participants. - We compared the number of cocaine-related deaths reported to national vital statistics and DAWN from 25 metropolitan areas during the years 1983 through 1988. We also compared cocaine-related mortality data reported to national vital statistics with data from all published forensic case series of cocaine-related deaths that occurred during the mid-1980s. Results. - During the 6-year study period, 75% more cocaine-related deaths were reported to DAWN (6057) than to national vital statistics (3466) from the 25 metropolitan areas that we studied. For individual metropolitan areas, the discrepancy between DAWN and vital statistics counts of cocaine-related deaths was as large as a sixfold difference. In six of the seven forensic case series identified in our literature search, the number of cocaine-related deaths exceeded the number of these deaths reported to vital statistics. The largest discrepancy was for cocaine-related deaths in New York, NY, during a 10-month period in 1986 for which 151 deaths were reported in a case series and seven deaths were reported to vital statistics. Conclusion. - Improvements in existing public health surveillance systems are needed for (1) full and accurate measurements of the lethal impact of drug abuse epidemics and (2) valid and comprehensive assessments of the effectiveness of national programs designed to prevent drug-related morbidity and mortality. RP POLLOCK, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 23 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 16 BP 2233 EP 2237 DI 10.1001/jama.266.16.2233 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GK661 UT WOS:A1991GK66100030 PM 1920721 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW KORVER, MP PHILLIPS, DL MCCLURE, PC CAUDILL, SP MILLER, DT TIMPERI, RJ KAPPES, RA BUCKLEY, DJ GALLAGHER, KA NASSIF, J PEISCH, R BROWN, RH AF BURSE, VW KORVER, MP PHILLIPS, DL MCCLURE, PC CAUDILL, SP MILLER, DT TIMPERI, RJ KAPPES, RA BUCKLEY, DJ GALLAGHER, KA NASSIF, J PEISCH, R BROWN, RH TI POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO ESTABLISHING INTERLABORATORY COMPARABILITY OF MEASUREMENTS OF POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN HUMAN SERUM SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS; PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SERUM ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION AB The Massachusetts Department of Public Health, with the assistance of the Centers for Disease Control, conducted a study to determine the prevalence of elevated levels (> 30 ng ml-1) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum taken from residents of the greater New Bedford area in Massachusetts. The criteria and procedures used to establish interlaboratory comparability for measurements for PCBs in human serum, the establishment and performance of the quality control system and the comparability of results on human serum samples from the New Bedford study are described. Aspects of interlaboratory comparability addressed include the establishment of common extraction and analytical methods, joint analyses of bovine serum pools (both in vitro-spiked pools and in vivo pools from a cow that was fed PCBs), establishment of quality control charts and rules for acceptability of analytical runs and joint analyses of a subset (n = 207) of the human serum samples from the New Bedford study. The 207 jointly analyzed samples had PCB levels that ranged from 1 to 214 ng ml-1 and had an interlaboratory correlation coefficient of 0.96. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,CTR LABS & COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02138. RP BURSE, VW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 21 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(91)87148-Z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GN416 UT WOS:A1991GN41600041 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC SMART, JF ARCHER, DL BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV AF LEVINE, WC SMART, JF ARCHER, DL BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV TI FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS IN NURSING-HOMES, 1975 THROUGH 1987 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; SALMONELLA; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSMISSION; SURVEILLANCE; FACILITIES; HOSPITALS; GUIDELINE AB Objective. - To describe the epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks in nursing homes and to identify where preventive efforts might be focused. Data Sources. - Reports by state and local health departments of foodborne disease outbreaks occurring from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 1987. Study Selection. - Foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, on standard investigation forms. Data Extraction. - Each foodborne disease outbreak report was examined by an epidemiologist or statistician. Outbreaks were considered to have a known pathogen if confirmed by laboratory tests, and a known vehicle when an epidemiologic investigation implicated a specific food item. Data Synthesis. - From 1975 through 1987, 26 states reported 115 outbreaks of foodborne disease in nursing homes, causing illness in 4944 persons and death in 51. These outbreaks represented 2% of all reported foodborne disease outbreaks and 19% of outbreak-associated deaths in this period. Of 52 outbreaks with a known cause, Salmonella was the most frequently reported pathogen, accounting for 52% of outbreaks and 81% of deaths. Salmonella enteritidis outbreaks accounted for 56% of the Salmonella-associated deaths since 1981. The implicated food vehicles in S enteritidis outbreaks were made with eggs or prepared with equipment contaminated with eggs. Staphylococcal foodborne disease was the next most commonly identified cause, accounting for 23% of outbreaks. Conclusions. - Since the elderly are at high risk for serious morbidity from foodborne disease, nursing homes should practice careful food handling, preparation, and storage procedures; provide education for food handlers; and have active infection control programs to rapidly detect and control outbreaks of foodborne disease. C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 15 BP 2105 EP 2109 DI 10.1001/jama.266.15.2105 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GJ474 UT WOS:A1991GJ47400031 PM 1656108 ER PT J AU WARD, E DANKOVIC, DA AF WARD, E DANKOVIC, DA TI BLADDER-CANCER IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO ANILINE - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter RP WARD, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 16 PY 1991 VL 83 IS 20 BP 1507 EP 1508 DI 10.1093/jnci/83.20.1507-a PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GK022 UT WOS:A1991GK02200022 ER PT J AU HOGUE, CJR AF HOGUE, CJR TI THE CONTRACEPTIVE TECHNOLOGY TIGHTROPE - INVITED COMMENTARY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP HOGUE, CJR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 8 BP 812 EP 815 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GQ030 UT WOS:A1991GQ03000003 PM 1835284 ER PT J AU EKBOM, A ZACK, M ADAMI, HO HELMICK, C AF EKBOM, A ZACK, M ADAMI, HO HELMICK, C TI IS THERE CLUSTERING OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE AT BIRTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLITIS, ULCERATIVE; CROHN-DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; SPACE-TIME CLUSTERING ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; SEASONALITY; TIME AB Evidence points to possible cohort effects in inflammatory bowel disease, the possible role of perinatal infection as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease, and the occurrence of clusters of Crohn's disease. This evidence suggests the value of searching for birth date clustering among cases of inflammatory bowel disease. The authors looked for clustering by birth date and maternal residence at birth in a population-based series of 845 Crohn's disease patients and 1,330 ulcerative colitis patients born from 1924 through 1957 and diagnosed in the Uppsala Health Care Region, Sweden, until the end of 1983. Over this period, 43% of persons with Crohn's disease had been born within 6 days of another case, compared with 36% of controls simulated to account for monthly variation in births (p = 0.0002). The number of pairs of inflammatory bowel disease cases whose births occurred in the same county (close in space) and whose birth dates were also close in time was statistically significantly greater than expected for most birth dates 23-57 days apart. Results after 1944, when ascertainment was more complete, generally corroborate these findings and suggest some seasonality in the birth dates of ulcerative colitis cases. Results from the entire study period and after 1944 thus provide evidence for clustering by birth (including seasonality) among Crohn's disease cases and also, to a lesser extent, among ulcerative colitis cases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EKBOM, A (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT SURG,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 8 BP 876 EP 886 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GQ030 UT WOS:A1991GQ03000011 PM 1951282 ER PT J AU DOWDLE, W AF DOWDLE, W TI SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND CDC SO CURRENT CONTENTS LA English DT Article RP DOWDLE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 J9 CURR CONTENTS PD OCT 14 PY 1991 VL 41 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA GG416 UT WOS:A1991GG41600002 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI HTLV-II AND HTLV-I ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 12 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8772 BP 944 EP 945 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91808-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GJ899 UT WOS:A1991GJ89900030 ER PT J AU JASON, J AF JASON, J TI BREAST-FEEDING IN 1991 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MILK RP JASON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NAIEP,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 3 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 14 BP 1036 EP 1038 DI 10.1056/NEJM199110033251409 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH447 UT WOS:A1991GH44700009 PM 1886625 ER PT J AU MARKS, JS WILLIAMSON, DF AF MARKS, JS WILLIAMSON, DF TI LEFT-HANDEDNESS AND LIFE EXPECTANCY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP MARKS, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 3 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 14 BP 1042 EP 1042 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH447 UT WOS:A1991GH44700016 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K WARD, E AF STEENLAND, K WARD, E TI LUNG-CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH BERYLLIUM DISEASE - A COHORT MORTALITY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID NONNEOPLASTIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; WORKERS RECEIVING COMPENSATION; CASE-REFERENT; SILICOSIS; ASBESTOSIS; EXPOSURE; ONTARIO; QUEBEC AB We have conducted a cohort mortality study on 689 patients with beryllium disease who were included in a case registry. An earlier mortality study on 421 of these patients was limited to males and resulted in a determination of a nonsignificant twofold lung cancer excess based on only seven lung cancer deaths. We have extended this earlier study by including females and by adding 13 years of follow-up. Comparison of the 689 beryllium disease patients with the U.S. population resulted in a lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.33-2.89) based on 28 observed lung cancer deaths. Adjustment for smoking did not change these results. All causes of mortality were also significantly elevated (SMR = 2.19), largely because of the very high rate of deaths due to pneumoconioses (primarily beryllium disease) (SMR = 34.23; 158 deaths). No other causes of death were significantly elevated. The excess of lung cancer was consistent for both sexes and did not appear to increase with duration of exposure to beryllium or with time elapsed since first exposure to this element. The case registry included those with acute beryllium disease, which resembles a chemical pneumonitis, and those with chronic beryllium disease, which resembles other pneumoconioses. The lung cancer excess was more pronounced among those with acute disease (SMR = 2.32) than among those with chronic disease (SMR = 1.57). RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 2 PY 1991 VL 83 IS 19 BP 1380 EP 1385 DI 10.1093/jnci/83.19.1380 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GG761 UT WOS:A1991GG76100011 PM 1920480 ER PT J AU PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N PAU, CP ABRAMS, E THOMAS, P POLLACK, H BAMJI, M KAUL, A SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR AF PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N PAU, CP ABRAMS, E THOMAS, P POLLACK, H BAMJI, M KAUL, A SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR TI LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBODIES TO V3 LOOP PEPTIDES OF GP120 AND PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; GP120; V3 LOOP; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; HIGH-AFFINITY ANTIBODIES ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DOMAIN; CHILDREN BORN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS; INFECTED MOTHERS; TYPE-1; ENVELOPE; CELLS AB Recent reports have suggested that maternal antibodies to specific epitopes of the variable region 3 (V3 loop) of gp120 of HIV-1 might protect against perinatal transmission. in an attempt to confirm these findings, sera from 34 HIV-1-seropositive mothers, representing 13 episodes of mother-to-infant transmission and 23 episodes of non-transmission (two mothers had two pregnancies each during the study period), were tested for the presence of antibodies to various regions of the gp120 V3 loop. Synthetic peptides were generated from HIV-1MN. Of the four peptides tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), only antibody to the C53 peptide (Env310-322, principal neutralizing determinant) was present in maternal sera. Antibody to the C53 sequence was present in 11 specimens from transmitting mothers and 21 from non-transmitting mothers (84.6 and 91.3%, respectively, P = 0.6). No reactivity was detected against the C51, C57, or C58 peptide sequences, located on the sides of the V3 loop. In an antigen-limited ELISA, only two specimens from transmitting mothers and two specimens from non-transmitting mothers had detectable 'high-affinity' antibodies to C53 at low antigen concentrations (15.4 and 8.7%, respectively; P = 0.6). Our results do not support previous reports that epitope-specific antibodies to the V3 loop peptides protect against perinatal transmission. Further research is required to determine whether any specific maternal humoral response might influence HIV-1 perinatal transmission. C1 HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. LINCOLN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. RP PAREKH, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1179 EP 1184 DI 10.1097/00002030-199110000-00004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GM224 UT WOS:A1991GM22400004 PM 1786145 ER PT J AU LEE, TH ELAMAD, Z REIS, M ADAMS, M DONEGAN, EA OBRIEN, TR MOSS, AR BUSCH, MP AF LEE, TH ELAMAD, Z REIS, M ADAMS, M DONEGAN, EA OBRIEN, TR MOSS, AR BUSCH, MP TI ABSENCE OF HIV-1 DNA IN HIGH-RISK SERONEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS USING HIGH-INPUT POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRAL LOAD; VIRAL CULTURE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SEXUAL PARTNERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; T-CELL; INFECTION; AMPLIFICATION; TYPE-1; EXPRESSION AB Evidence of frequent HIV-1 infections in antibody-negative, high-risk individual (so-called 'silent' infections) remains controversial. To evaluate whether these discrepant results may be the consequence of intermittent detection of rare infected cells (low viral load) preceding seroconversion, we developed a modification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which enabled analysis of 10-fold greater amounts of cellular DNA per reaction than standard PCR (2 x 10(6) rather than 0.2 x 10(6) input cells). This technique allowed consistent detection of HIV-1 provirus in two seropositive individuals who had repeatedly tested negative by standard-input PCR. However, results were negative when high-input PCR was applied to 51 specimens from 39 selected high-risk seronegative individuals. These results suggest that variations in viral load preceding or in the absence of seroconversion probably do not explain discrepant evidence regarding silent HIV-1 infection. C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-6-7024]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-82505]; PHS HHS [U62-CCU-90294] NR 51 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1201 EP 1207 DI 10.1097/00002030-199110000-00008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GM224 UT WOS:A1991GM22400008 PM 1786148 ER PT J AU LIFSON, AR HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP HOLMBERG, SD AF LIFSON, AR HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP HOLMBERG, SD TI THE ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL CONDITIONS AND SEROLOGIC TESTS WITH CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS WITHOUT AIDS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN; CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA; BETA2-MICROGLOBULIN ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEROPOSITIVE HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; BISEXUAL MEN; FOLLOW-UP; RISK; TYPE-1; PREDICTORS; COHORT; LYMPHADENOPATHY AB Early intervention guidelines in HIV infection require knowledge of CD4+ lymphocyte count; however, CD4+ determinations require special laboratory procedures and may not be readily available in all situations. Using data from 207 HIV-seropositive homosexual men without AIDS, we evaluated the association of difference clinical conditions or serologic tests with CD4+ count. Men with conditions including seborrheic dermatitis, hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis and chronic diarrhea, and men with beta-2-microglobulin levels greater-than-or-equal-to 4.0 mg/l had significantly lower CD4+ counts. However, the probability that a subject with such parameters had < 200 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was limited (25-63%). Although the probability that a subject with such parameters had < 500 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was better (76-88%), the probability that a person without these parameters had greater-than-or-equal-to 500 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was only 45-50%. Clinical and serologic parameters may provide important prognostic information, but cannot be used to reliably determine the level of CD4+ cells. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LIFSON, AR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOX 0560,1699 HSW,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU900523-03-5] NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.1097/00002030-199110000-00009 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GM224 UT WOS:A1991GM22400009 PM 1686178 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K AF STEENLAND, K TI PASSIVE SMOKING AND THE RISK OF HEART-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 719 EP 719 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500024 ER PT J AU FRANKS, A MAY, D BLOUNT, S EAKER, E WENGER, N AF FRANKS, A MAY, D BLOUNT, S EAKER, E WENGER, N TI RACIAL DISCREPANCIES IN THE USE OF CARDIAC PROCEDURES AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 720 EP 720 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500030 ER PT J AU DUNN, RA NAKASHIMA, A AF DUNN, RA NAKASHIMA, A TI ARE MINORITY WOMEN WITH SYPHILIS MORE LIKELY TO DELIVER INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 721 EP 721 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500033 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, K GORSTEIN, J TROWBRIDGE, F YIP, R AF SULLIVAN, K GORSTEIN, J TROWBRIDGE, F YIP, R TI USE AND INTERPRETATION OF PEDIATRIC ANTHROPOMETRY IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 732 EP 733 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500076 ER PT J AU SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, M AF SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, M TI TIMING OF TUMOR-EXCISION DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE INFLUENCES BREAST-CANCER SURVIVAL AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500087 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA BURMEISTER, L BRANN, E KRESNOW, M NADEL, M QUALTERS, J AF BOYLE, CA BURMEISTER, L BRANN, E KRESNOW, M NADEL, M QUALTERS, J TI NEXT-OF-KIN INTERVIEWS AND THE VALIDITY OF OCCUPATIONAL AND OTHER EXPOSURE DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 737 EP 737 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500095 ER PT J AU EGELAND, G BLOOM, T SCHNORR, T HORNUNG, R SURUDA, T AF EGELAND, G BLOOM, T SCHNORR, T HORNUNG, R SURUDA, T TI FLUOROCARBON-113 EXPOSURE AND DYSRHYTHMIAS AMONG AEROSPACE WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 742 EP 743 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500114 ER PT J AU BURNETT, C GITTLEMAN, J LALICH, N AF BURNETT, C GITTLEMAN, J LALICH, N TI PREVENTABLE MORTALITY IN THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 743 EP 743 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500116 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, C VENABLE, H STERN, F BURNETT, C SIEBER, K SESTITO, J FRAZIER, T FINGERHUT, M AF ROBINSON, C VENABLE, H STERN, F BURNETT, C SIEBER, K SESTITO, J FRAZIER, T FINGERHUT, M TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES AND THE MORTALITY PATTERNS OF UNITED-STATES CONSTRUCTION TRADES WORKERS, 1984-1986 - FILLING IN THE GAPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 744 EP 744 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500119 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, MJ LU, X ERICKSON, JD AF SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, MJ LU, X ERICKSON, JD TI 1ST TRIMESTER ANESTHESIA EXPOSURE AND RISK OF CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500132 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD MARTIN, ML EDMONDS, LD AF KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD MARTIN, ML EDMONDS, LD TI ARE OFFSPRING OF WOMEN WITH HEREDITARY HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS AT INCREASED RISK OF CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 748 EP 748 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500136 ER PT J AU MILI, F KHOURY, MJ LU, X AF MILI, F KHOURY, MJ LU, X TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLOMIPHENE CITRATE USE AND THE RISK OF BIRTH-DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, ATLANTA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 748 EP 748 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500135 ER PT J AU GALSON, S RINSKY, R BURT, S LIPSCOMB, J AF GALSON, S RINSKY, R BURT, S LIPSCOMB, J TI CANCER MORTALITY IN PAPER-MILL WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 755 EP 756 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500163 ER PT J AU FORD, ES EAKER, E AF FORD, ES EAKER, E TI ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE, WELL-BEING, AND DEPRESSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 762 EP 762 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500187 ER PT J AU WILCOX, L JAMISON, P PETERSON, H HUGHES, J AF WILCOX, L JAMISON, P PETERSON, H HUGHES, J TI RATES OF ENDOMETRIOSIS IN FERTILE WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 770 EP 770 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500212 ER PT J AU YIP, R WILLIAMSON, D MOKDAD, A BYERS, T AF YIP, R WILLIAMSON, D MOKDAD, A BYERS, T TI IRON STATUS AND CANCER RISK - ASSOCIATION OR ARTIFACT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 771 EP 771 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500219 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC MCCLEARN, AB EDMONDS, LD KHOURY, MJ AF LYNBERG, MC MCCLEARN, AB EDMONDS, LD KHOURY, MJ TI MORTALITY AMONG INFANTS WITH BIRTH-DEFECTS, METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, 1983-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 776 EP 776 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500238 ER PT J AU MARCHBANKS, PA ANNEGERS, JF COULAM, CB KURLAND, LT AF MARCHBANKS, PA ANNEGERS, JF COULAM, CB KURLAND, LT TI REPRODUCTIVE EXPERIENCE AFTER ECTOPIC PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 778 EP 778 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500246 ER PT J AU OLSHAN, AF BAIRD, PA LO, KH AF OLSHAN, AF BAIRD, PA LO, KH TI SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS AND THE RISK OF BIRTH-DEFECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 778 EP 779 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500247 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, H ADAMS, M BRUCE, C AF SHULMAN, H ADAMS, M BRUCE, C TI SMOKING CESSATION DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 783 EP 783 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500265 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JC STROUP, N AF DESENCLOS, JC STROUP, N TI CIRRHOSIS MORTALITY EPIDEMIC, UNITED-STATES, 1960-1980 - NEW INSIGHT FROM AN AGE-PERIOD-COHORT ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 789 EP 789 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500287 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ AF KHOURY, MJ TI GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY - A NEW FRONTIER IN EPIDEMIOLOGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 792 EP 792 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500298 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD MARTIN, ML EDMONDS, LD AF KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD MARTIN, ML EDMONDS, LD TI ARE OFFSPRING OF WOMEN WITH HEREDITARY HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS AT INCREASED RISK OF CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30900234 ER PT J AU HUETHER, C KARAM, S PRIEST, J GUCKENBERGER, S EDMONDS, L KRIVCHENIA, E MOSKOVITZ, J MAY, D AF HUETHER, C KARAM, S PRIEST, J GUCKENBERGER, S EDMONDS, L KRIVCHENIA, E MOSKOVITZ, J MAY, D TI UTILIZATION OF PRENATAL CHROMOSOME DIAGNOSIS, AND ITS IMPACT UPON REDUCING BIRTHS WITH DOWN-SYNDROME IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA AND SOUTHWEST OHIO, 1974-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902682 ER PT J AU KRIVCHENIA, E HUETHER, C EDMONDS, L MAY, D MOSKOVITZ, J AF KRIVCHENIA, E HUETHER, C EDMONDS, L MAY, D MOSKOVITZ, J TI A COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DOWN-SYNDROME IN 2 HIGHLY ASCERTAINED UNITED-STATES POPULATIONS, 1970-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902691 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ EDMONDS, LD THOMPSON, CL AF LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ EDMONDS, LD THOMPSON, CL TI AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF GASTROSCHISIS IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA - DOES COCAINE PLAY A ROLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902699 ER PT J AU REIDY, JA STEINBERG, KK CHEN, ATL MCQUILLAN, GM WAGENER, DK AF REIDY, JA STEINBERG, KK CHEN, ATL MCQUILLAN, GM WAGENER, DK TI CELL (DNA) BANKING FOR GENETIC-ANALYSIS FROM A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF THE UNITED-STATES POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902732 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA TI CONTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS TO OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; DISEASE MARKERS; INTERNAL DOSE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; EXPOSURE; WORKERS AB Occupational disease are now being assessed at the cellular and molecular levels; this presents new opportunities for prevention and control [Calleman et al., 1978; Ong et al., 1987; Stejskal et al., 1989; Welch and Cullen, 1988; Garry et al., 1987]. The key to these opportunities is the ability to detect biological markers that reflect exposure, response, and susceptibility. Biological markers are not new, however. Biological markers such as blood lead, urinary phenol levels in benzene exposure, and liver function assays have long been used in occupational and public health research and practice. What distinguishes the current generation of markers from previous markers is a greater degree of analytical sensitivity and the ability to describe events that occur earlier in the progression between exposure and clinical disease. There are now new domains of response that were not known to exist 20 years ago. Accompanying this sensitivity is the increased requirement to consider the numerous factors that can influence the appearance of biological markers. It has been observed that all workers with similar exposures do not develop disease or markers indicative of exposure or disease. Various acquired and hereditary host factors are responsible for this variation in responses. The role of assessing the nature and degree of variation between individuals is of paramount importance. Finally, the use of biological markers in occupational health research and practice also brings new ethical and legal considerations into high profile. This paper presents my personal opinions on how biological markers can contribute to occupational health efforts and the new requirements that they bring to the field. As with any technological change, the more we can anticipate the impact, the better our ability to adjust. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,DSHEFS,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,SCREENING & NOTIFICAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200402 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GG480 UT WOS:A1991GG48000001 PM 1785610 ER PT J AU HAYES, RB HERRICK, RF MAHAR, H BLAIR, A STEWART, PA AF HAYES, RB HERRICK, RF MAHAR, H BLAIR, A STEWART, PA TI MORTALITY OF UNITED-STATES EMBALMERS AND FUNERAL DIRECTORS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE EMBALMER EXPOSURES; FORMALDEHYDE; KIDNEY DISEASE C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HAYES, RB (reprint author), NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 569 EP 570 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200412 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GG480 UT WOS:A1991GG48000011 ER PT J AU LOSSICK, JG KENT, HL AF LOSSICK, JG KENT, HL TI TRICHOMONIASIS - TRENDS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON VULVOVAGINITIS : CAUSES AND THERAPIES CY FEB 04-05, 1991 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NICHHD, INT SOC STUDY VULVAR DIS, ORTHO PHARM DE TRICHOMONIASIS; WET PREPARATION; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; CULTURE; NITROIMIDAZOLES; METRONIDAZOLE ID METRONIDAZOLE-RESISTANT TRICHOMONAS; VAGINAL TRICHOMONIASIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; THERAPY AB The mainstay of the diagnosis of trichomoniasis has been the saline vaginal wet preparation. With a less than desirable sensitivity, the wet preparation may be replaced in the near future by newer methods employing monoclonal antibodies, such as the enzyme immunoassay, which has the potential to become an in-office procedure. The direct fluorescent antibody test also represents an advance in laboratory diagnosis. However, until the sensitivity, specificity, and cost of these newer techniques are defined outside the research arena, the wet preparation will remain the first-line diagnostic tool. Current treatment of trichomoniasis in the United States is with metronidazole, which in repeated or increased dosage can often overcome the organism's resistance to the drug. Other treatments offer little or no chance for cure but may provide some relief of symptoms. Tinidazole (not available in the United States) may be effective in curing refractory cases of metronidazole resistance. Metronidazole treatment during pregnancy should be resorted to only when absolutely essential. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,1025 WALNUT ST,ROOM 310,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 165 IS 4 SU S BP 1217 EP 1222 PN 2 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GN596 UT WOS:A1991GN59600010 PM 1951578 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, RB AF ROTHENBERG, RB TI THOSE OTHER STDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS RP ROTHENBERG, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,RHODES BLDG,KOGER CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1250 EP 1251 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1250 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800002 PM 1928520 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ ROBERTS, PL HANDSFIELD, HH HOLMES, KK AF RICE, RJ ROBERTS, PL HANDSFIELD, HH HOLMES, KK TI SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF GONORRHEA INCIDENCE - IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION AND BEHAVIORAL-RESEARCH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; RATES; AIDS AB Background. Despite a declining incidence during the AIDS era, gonorrhea remains the most frequently reported communicable disease in the United States. Methods. During 1986 and 1987 we supplemented gonorrhea case reporting with laboratory surveillance in King County, Washington. Incidence rates were correlated with demographic variables. Results. Overall incidence of gonorrhea was similar for men and women, but highest for 16- to 21-year-old females and urban Seattle residents. Incidence rates by ethnicity were Blacks, 3033; Native Americans, 843; Hispanics, 617; Asians, 190; and Whites, 121. Census tracts representing the lowest socioeconomic status (SES) quartile accounted for 58% of reported gonorrhea. Black female teenagers residing in the lowest SES urban areas had highest incidence rates: aged 14 to 15, 3.4%; 16 to 17, 10.4%; 18, 17.0%; and 19, 15.4%. Rates in female teenagers were even higher after adjustment for estimated proportion of those who were sexually experienced. Conclusions. Gonorrhea incidence is associated with age, gender, ethnicity, SES, and residence. Identification of populations at highest risk for gonorrhea can direct interventions against all sexually transmitted diseases. Clearly, interventions to alter high-risk behaviors must be initiated in early adolescence. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,DEPT MED,325 9TH AVE,SEATTLE,WA 98104. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98104. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-12192]; PHS HHS [D-11904D] NR 15 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1258 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1252 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800004 PM 1928521 ER PT J AU HIBBS, JR GUNN, RA AF HIBBS, JR GUNN, RA TI PUBLIC-HEALTH INTERVENTION IN A COCAINE-RELATED SYPHILIS OUTBREAK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GONORRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background. Cocaine users and prostitutes are at high risk for syphilis, but disease control is difficult among these populations. During a cocaine-related syphilis outbreak in Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1989, we conducted a control program at sites where sex and drugs were sold. Methods. During a 2-week period, investigators recruited persons from these sites for interview, serologic testing, and empiric treatment. Results. Among 136 persons screened, 25 (18%) had early syphilis and 26 others (19%) had recent sexual contact with early syphilis patients. All were treated at initial screening at a cost of $402 and 12 investigator hours per case, compared to $470 and 20 hours per case when treated during routine investigator activities. This program may have contributed to a short-term decline in syphilis incidence in Chester by reducing the period of infectivity of these patients. Conclusions. Screening and empiric treatment of persons at sites where sex and drugs are sold can be useful in short-term control of cocaine-related syphilis outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN HLTH DEPT,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1259 EP 1262 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1259 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800005 PM 1928522 ER PT J AU GERSHMAN, KA ROLFS, RT AF GERSHMAN, KA ROLFS, RT TI DIVERGING GONORRHEA AND SYPHILIS TRENDS IN THE 1980S - ARE THEY REAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MEN; RISK; AIDS AB Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the divergence in national trends of gonorrhea and syphilis from 1986 to 1989 in the United States was real and if overall trends masked a contemporaneous increase in both diseases in a core group. Methods. We analyzed the following: (1) reported cases of gonorrhea and primary and secondary syphilis in the United States for the years 1981 to 1989, (2) gonorrhea screening results from six states for the years 1985 to 1989, and (3) reported cases of gonorrhea and primary and secondary syphilis by census tract for the years 1986 to 1989 in one city. Results. The incidence of gonorrhea decreased 22% in the United States from 1986 to 1989 while the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis increased 59%. Among Blacks, syphilis incidence increased 100% and gonorrhea incidence decreased 13%; among Whites and Hispanics, the incidence of both diseases decreased. Results from gonorrhea screening among females in six states agree with gonorrhea incidence trends in those areas. Race-specific and census tract analyses of data from a number of metropolitan areas where overall rates diverged did not demonstrate a group in which the incidence of both diseases increased. Conclusions. We conclude that diverging trends of gonorrhea and syphilis from 1986 to 1989 are real and emphasize differences in the epidemiologic characteristics of these two sexually transmitted diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1263 EP 1267 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1263 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800006 PM 1928523 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA KLONTZ, KC WILDER, MH NAINAN, OV MARGOLIS, HS GUNN, RA AF DESENCLOS, JCA KLONTZ, KC WILDER, MH NAINAN, OV MARGOLIS, HS GUNN, RA TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A CAUSED BY THE CONSUMPTION OF RAW OYSTERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE; VIRUS; SHELLFISH; INFECTION; GASTROENTERITIS; COCKLES AB Background. In August 1988 we investigated a multistate outbreak of hepatitis A caused by Panama City, Florida, raw oysters. Methods. Cases of hepatitis A (HA) with onset in July-August 1988 were identified among persons who ate seafoods harvested in the coastal waters of Panama City, Florida. We conducted a case-control study, using eating companions of case-patients, and calculated attack rate (AR) per 1000 dozen raw oysters served. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were performed on samples of raw shellfish obtained from Panama City coastal waters. Results. Sixty-one case-patients were identified in five states: Alabama (23), Georgia (18), Florida (18), Tennessee (1), and Hawaii (1). We found an increased risk of HA for raw oyster eaters (odds ratio = 24.0; 95% confidence interval = 5.4-215.0; P < .001). The AR of HA in seafood establishments was 1.9/1000 dozen raw oysters served. The EIA and PCR revealed HA virus antigen and nucleic acid in oysters from both unapproved and approved oyster beds, in confiscated illegally harvested oysters, and in scallops from an approved area. Conclusions. The monitoring of coastal waters and the enforcement of shellfish harvesting regulations were not adequate to protect raw oyster consumers. More emphasis should be placed on increasing public awareness of health hazards associated with eating raw shellfish. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 28 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1268 EP 1272 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1268 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800007 PM 1928524 ER PT J AU BIRKHEAD, G CHORBA, TL ROOT, S KLAUCKE, DN GIBBS, NJ AF BIRKHEAD, G CHORBA, TL ROOT, S KLAUCKE, DN GIBBS, NJ TI TIMELINESS OF NATIONAL REPORTING OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - THE EXPERIENCE OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRONIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES AB The timeliness of reporting four nationally notifiable diseases was examined using data reported via the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance. Timeliness of reporting varied by disease (bacterial meningitis: median 20 days; salmonellosis: median 22 days; shigellosis: median 23 days; and hepatitis A: median 33 days) and by state. These findings indicate a need to standardize surveillance definitions and to account for reporting differences between states in interpreting regional disease trends or detecting multistate disease outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1313 EP 1315 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1313 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800016 PM 1928531 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA JONES, JL ENG, TR AF WOODRUFF, BA JONES, JL ENG, TR TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RABIES FROM PET WILD RACCOONS IN SOUTH-CAROLINA AND WEST-VIRGINIA, 1987 THROUGH 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB During 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in South Carolina and West Virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. All eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. The direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23 714 ($527 per person). Regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP WOODRUFF, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NCID,DVRD,HB,MAILSTOP A-33,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1328 EP 1330 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1328 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800022 PM 1928537 ER PT J AU BINDER, S AF BINDER, S TI CHILDHOOD LEAD-POISONING INCORRECTLY DEFINED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP BINDER, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1342 EP 1342 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1342 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800027 ER PT J AU MATTE, TD BINDER, S FALK, H AF MATTE, TD BINDER, S FALK, H TI OUTCOMES OF LEAD PAINT ABATEMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP MATTE, TD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1991 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1344 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.10.1343 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GX608 UT WOS:A1991GX60800030 ER PT J AU KOZARSKY, PE LOBEL, HO STEFFEN, R AF KOZARSKY, PE LOBEL, HO STEFFEN, R TI TRAVEL MEDICINE 1991 - NEW FRONTIERS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE TRAVEL MEDICINE; DIARRHEA; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MALARIA; HEPATITIS-A VACCINE AB Interest in travel medicine has grown dramatically in recent years. In May 1991, the Second Conference on International Travel Medicine was held in Atlanta, Georgia, and was attended by 825 persons from 45 countries. Two hundred presentations addressed topics including malaria, vaccines, travelers' diarrhea, altitude sickness, and jet lag. Highlights of the conference included reports on the safety and efficacy of mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis, on the new hepatitis A vaccine, and on the growing problem of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among travelers. Health issues of both short- and long-term travelers were discussed, and the major problem of communicating health information to travelers was addressed by health advisors and the travel industry. Speakers and attendees voiced interest in broadening the scope of travel medicine to address health problems in all travelers, including expatriates, migrants, and refugees, and to assess the impact of these problems on host countries. Finally, the participants voted to form the International Society of Travel Medicine, the goals of which are to coordinate activities in travel medicine, to foster its growth, and to encourage cooperation and collaboration among colleagues worldwide. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30365. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ZURICH,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 7 BP 574 EP 575 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GG283 UT WOS:A1991GG28300013 PM 1679305 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, SM CHANG, Y LEMP, G ARTHUR, R BUCHBINDER, S STEIMLE, A BAUMGARTNER, J RANDO, T NEAL, D RUTHERFORD, G SCHONBERGER, L JANSSEN, R AF GILLESPIE, SM CHANG, Y LEMP, G ARTHUR, R BUCHBINDER, S STEIMLE, A BAUMGARTNER, J RANDO, T NEAL, D RUTHERFORD, G SCHONBERGER, L JANSSEN, R TI PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, SAN-FRANCISCO, 1981-1989 SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; SYNDROME AIDS; JC PAPOVAVIRUS; PREVALENCE; BRAIN AB Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare neurological disease, has been sporadically reported in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). From January 1981 through February 1989, in San Francisco, we identified 94 HIV-infected persons with PML, of whom 48 (51%) were pathologically confirmed (as required for AIDS case reporting). These 48 patients were significantly older when disgnosed with AIDS (20% older than 50 years) than patients with AIDS without PML. The remaining 46 (49%) patients, diagnosed clinically and by neuroimaging, did not differ significantly from definitive patients in demographic or survival characteristics after PML diagnosis. We detected antibodies to JC virus, the causative agent of PML, in 9 of 14 (64%) AIDS-related patients with PML, and in 9 of 14 (64%) matched control subjects, suggesting that determination of JC virus antibody status before AIDS diagnosis does not reliably indicate which patients will contract PML. Our study shows that the proportion of patients with AIDS who contracted PML remained stable between 1981 and 1988, but increased in the first 2 months of 1989. Our findings further indicate that PML in HIV-infected patients may be underestimated by as much as 50%. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETSSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP GILLESPIE, SM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,22-442 MDCC,10833 LE CONTE AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Chang, Yuan/F-4146-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA44962] NR 33 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 30 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1002/ana.410300413 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GJ815 UT WOS:A1991GJ81500012 PM 1665053 ER PT J AU KOOBATIAN, TJ BIRKHEAD, GS SCHRAMM, MM VOGT, RL AF KOOBATIAN, TJ BIRKHEAD, GS SCHRAMM, MM VOGT, RL TI THE USE OF HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA FOR PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE OF GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION AB The sensitivity of passive reporting of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) to the Vermont Department of Health from 1980 to 1985 was compared to that of computerized hospital discharge abstract data. Written hospital discharge summaries were reviewed for clinical data to validate the computerized abstracts. In all, 51 definite and probable cases of GBS were identified from hospital data during a period when only 4 cases (8%) had been reported to the health department through passive physician reporting. Based on the hospital data, the incidence of this syndrome in Vermont was 1.6/100,000 population/year. The incidence rate for males was 1.5 times that for females. No geographical or seasonal clustering of cases was found. These epidemiological features are consistent with previously published data on the syndrome and suggest that the incidence has not change significantly in the past 10 years. Incidence rates for GBS based on passively reported cases markedly underestimate the true incidence rate. Although limited by the lack of timeliness for public health surveillance, computerized hospital discharge data are readily available in many states and may be more sensitive in detecting cases, compared to passive surveillance. They may be a useful tool for establishing baseline rates and examining longterm trends for selected acute diseases like GBS for which there are well-established diagnostic criteria and that usually result in hospitalization. C1 VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,60 MAIN ST,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 30 IS 4 BP 618 EP 621 DI 10.1002/ana.410300418 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GJ815 UT WOS:A1991GJ81500017 PM 1789689 ER PT J AU MADDISON, SE AF MADDISON, SE TI SERODIAGNOSIS OF PARASITIC DISEASES SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB In this review on serodiagnosis of parasitic diseases, antibody detection, antigen detection, use of monoclonal antibodies in parasitic serodiagnosis, molecular biological technology, and skin tests are discussed. The focus at the Centers for Disease Control on developing improved antigens, a truly quantitative FAST-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the very specific immunoblot assays for antibody detection is highlighted. The last two assays are suitable for field studies. Identification of patient response in terms of immunoglobulin class or immunoglobulin G subclass isotypes or both is discussed. Immunoglobulin isotypes may assist in defining the stage of some diseases. In other instances, use of a particular anti-isotype conjugate may increase the specificity of the assay. Monoclonal antibodies have played important roles in antigen purification and identification, in competitive antibody assays with increased sensitivity and specificity, and in assays for antigen detection in serum, body fluids, or excreta. Molecular biological technology has allowed significant advances in the production of defined parasitic serodiagnostic antigens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 457 EP 469 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK394 UT WOS:A1991GK39400005 PM 1747862 ER PT J AU CLARK, M LIGHT, H HEATH, J ERDMAN, D LI, P BROMBERG, K AF CLARK, M LIGHT, H HEATH, J ERDMAN, D LI, P BROMBERG, K TI MEASLES IN INFANTS - ROLE OF MATERNAL SUSCEPTIBILITY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS MED CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP A678 EP A678 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF369 UT WOS:A1991GF36900107 ER PT J AU LITZELMAN, DK SLEMENDA, CW LANGEFELD, CD VINICOR, F AF LITZELMAN, DK SLEMENDA, CW LANGEFELD, CD VINICOR, F TI RISK-FACTORS FOR FOOT LESIONS IN PERSONS WITH DIABETES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,REGENSTRIEF HLTH CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP A746 EP A746 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF369 UT WOS:A1991GF36900464 ER PT J AU SHAH, B LIGHT, H MARCELLINO, L HEATH, J ERDMAN, D BROMBERG, K AF SHAH, B LIGHT, H MARCELLINO, L HEATH, J ERDMAN, D BROMBERG, K TI MEASLES IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN 6 TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE - IMPLICATIONS FOR VACCINE STRATEGY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS MED CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP A678 EP A678 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA GF369 UT WOS:A1991GF36900108 ER PT J AU BARRETT, TJ GREEN, JH GRIFFIN, PM PAVIA, AT OSTROFF, SM WACHSMUTH, IK AF BARRETT, TJ GREEN, JH GRIFFIN, PM PAVIA, AT OSTROFF, SM WACHSMUTH, IK TI ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR DETECTING ANTIBODIES TO SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN-I, SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN-II, AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN HUMAN SERUM SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; 0157-H7 INFECTIONS; STRUCTURAL GENES; DISTINCT TOXINS; DNA PROBES; SEROTYPE; BACTERIOPHAGES AB Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 are important causes of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. To facilitate the epidemiologic study of these organisms, we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibodies to Shiga-like toxin I (SLT I), Shiga-like toxin II (SLT II), and E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We tested serum samples from 83 patients in two outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 diarrhea and from 66 well persons. Forty-three patients (52%) had at least one serum sample positive for anti-O157 LPS antibodies; among 26 culture-confirmed patients, 24 (92%) had at least one positive serum sample. Two (3%) of 66 control sera had positive anti-O157 LPS titers. ELISA results for SLT I and II were compared with those of HeLa cell cytotoxicity neutralization assays on both patient and control sera. Neutralization assays detected anti-SLT I antibodies in at least one serum sample from each of 17 (20%) patients and 7 (10.6%) controls, while 16 (19%) patients and 7 controls had positive titers by anti-SLT I ELISA. Although all serum samples, including control sera, showed nonspecific neutralization of SLT II, no antibody titers to SLT II were detected by either neutralization or ELISA. These results indicate that ELISAs for SLT I and SLT II antibodies are comparable to HeLa cell cytotoxicity neutralization assays. Both the ELISAs and neutralization assays are insensitive in detecting infected patients. However, the ELISA for antibodies to E. coli O157 LPS is both sensitive and specific, and may be more useful than assays for antitoxic antibodies in detecting persons with E. coli O157:H7 infection. RP BARRETT, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1007/BF02092278 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GL369 UT WOS:A1991GL36900002 ER PT J AU FORD, ES NEWMAN, J AF FORD, ES NEWMAN, J TI SMOKING AND DIABETES-MELLITUS - FINDINGS FROM 1988 BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; CORONARY AB Objective: To examine the association between smoking and self-reported diabetes mellitus. Research Design and Methods: The study was comprised of 3006 people greater-than-or-equal-to 18 yr of age with diabetes and 52,750 without diabetes. Results: Twenty-six percent (SE 1.8) of the diabetic population were current smokers, 25.9% (SE 1.4) were former smokers, and 48.1% (SE 2) had never smoked. Similar percentages were found among the nondiabetic population. Compared to respondents without diabetes, the prevalence of current smoking was notably higher among respondents with diabetes who were between the ages of 18 and 34 yr (36.1%, SE 4.1), who had not graduated from high school (44.9%, SE 3.7), and who were men of African-American origin (54.8%, SE 5.8). Conclusions: Despite the excess risks, the overall prevalence of smoking in the diabetic population is comparable to that of the general population. Our finding of a higher prevalence of smoking among young people, people who had not graduated from high school, and African-American men with diabetes suggests that additional educational efforts should be targeted at these groups. RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 10 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.2337/diacare.14.10.871 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GG434 UT WOS:A1991GG43400002 PM 1773684 ER PT J AU COOPER, RS PACOLD, IV FORD, ES AF COOPER, RS PACOLD, IV FORD, ES TI AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN CASE-FATALITY RATES AMONG DIABETIC-PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION - FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL HOSPITAL DISCHARGE SURVEY, 1979-1987 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; HEART AB Objective: To determine age-related differences in case-fatality rates among diabetic patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Published studies have demonstrated 60% higher case-fatality rates during acute MI among diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes. However, many previous reports have been of insufficient size to examine the effect of age on mortality and have not been drawn from a representative sample of hospitals. The National Hospital Discharge Survey provides data on discharge diagnosis and vital status from a random sample of approximately 500 short-stay American hospitals. Research Design and Methods: In this analysis, people with acute MI listed as the first diagnosis on the discharge sheet were studied. Any mention of diabetes mellitus on the discharge sheet was used to stratify the patients into those with and without diabetes. Results: Age-adjusted case-fatality rates were identical in patients with and without diabetes for both sexes: 16.1 vs. 16.3 in men and 18 vs. 18.2 in women, respectively. Mortality rates were, however, higher among the younger patients with diabetes. Ratios of the case-fatality percentage by 10-yr age-groups (age 35-75 yr) and greater-than-or-equal-to 75 yr old for diabetes versus no diabetes were 1.7, 1.8, 1.2, 0.9, and 0.9 for men and 2.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1, and 0.9 for women. Conclusions: Diabetes thus appears to increase the in-hospital mortality risk with acute MI disproportionately in the younger age-groups, particularly among men, and does not appear to be a marker of increased risk among the elderly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIABET TRANSLAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COOPER, RS (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,STRITCH SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & EPIDEMIOL,2160 S 1ST AVE,MAYWOOD,IL 60153, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 10 BP 903 EP 908 DI 10.2337/diacare.14.10.903 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GG434 UT WOS:A1991GG43400007 PM 1773689 ER PT J AU ALAM, K BATRA, SK DEKOVICH, AA GUBBINS, G SHIH, JW KRAWCZYNSKI, K MOZES, M AF ALAM, K BATRA, SK DEKOVICH, AA GUBBINS, G SHIH, JW KRAWCZYNSKI, K MOZES, M TI RECURRENCE OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION - A CASE-REPORT SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HENRY FORD HOSP,DIV GASTROENTEROL & TRANSPLANT SURG,DETROIT,MI 48202. NIH,TRANFUS TRANSMITTED VIRUS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP A278 EP A278 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GK111 UT WOS:A1991GK11100920 ER PT J AU GERBER, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS AF GERBER, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS TI HISTOPATHOLOGY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP A204 EP A204 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GK111 UT WOS:A1991GK11100626 ER PT J AU GINIER, P GITLIN, N POLISH, L CARDUS, BI AF GINIER, P GITLIN, N POLISH, L CARDUS, BI TI HYPOALBUMINEMIA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED CLEARING OF HEPATITIS-B SURFACE-ANTIGEN (HBSAG) STATUS FOLLOWING ACUTE HEPATITIS-B INFECTION SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,FRESNO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF FRESNO,FRESNO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP A205 EP A205 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GK111 UT WOS:A1991GK11100629 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, K SHAPIRO, CN ALTER, MJ LIANG, TJ AF HASEGAWA, K SHAPIRO, CN ALTER, MJ LIANG, TJ TI LACK OF AN ASSOCIATION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS PRECORE MUTATIONS WITH FULMINANT HEPATITIS-B IN USA SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MOLEC HEPATOL & GASTROINTESTINAL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP A78 EP A78 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GK111 UT WOS:A1991GK11100120 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, M MIMMS, L MEEKS, E VALLARI, D TASKAR, S KUO, G HOUGHTON, M BRADLEY, D AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, M MIMMS, L MEEKS, E VALLARI, D TASKAR, S KUO, G HOUGHTON, M BRADLEY, D TI REPLICATION AND ANTIGENIC EXPRESSION OF HCV, ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODY-RESPONSE, AND LIVER PATHOLOGY IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HCV INFECTION SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ABBOTT LABS,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP A78 EP A78 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GK111 UT WOS:A1991GK11100122 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL AF ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL TI THE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS WITHIN SINONASAL PAPILLOMAS - REPLY SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1059 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90020-P PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA GP864 UT WOS:A1991GP86400020 ER PT J AU MARTONE, WJ GAYNES, RP HORAN, TC EMORI, TG JARVIS, WR BENNETT, ME CULVER, DH BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS REID, CR AF MARTONE, WJ GAYNES, RP HORAN, TC EMORI, TG JARVIS, WR BENNETT, ME CULVER, DH BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS REID, CR TI NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION-RATES FOR INTERHOSPITAL COMPARISON - LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; SURGICAL WOUND-INFECTION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; HIGH-RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; SEVERITY; ILLNESS AB Improvement in quality of patient care has received increasing attention in the last decade, with emphasis in infection control and interhospital comparison of infection rates. One of the main objectives of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system is to provide hospitals with comparative nosocomial infection data that at least partially adjust for patients' intrinsic and extrinsic risks for infection. This article summarizes the methods and results of analyses from the NNIS system and describes their application to future surveillance in US hospitals. We emphasize the importance of nosocomial infection surveillance data that adjust for specific infection risks in order to provide better interhospital comparison of infection rates. Traditional rates that do not provide such adjustment include the crude overall nosocomial infection rate of a hospital or service and site-specific infection rates by service. Because these inadequately adjusted rates are potentially misleading, they should not be used for interhospital comparison. This article describes several new infection rates, including device-associated, device-day infection rates for intensive care units and high-risk nurseries, and an NNIS surgical wound infection risk index. These rates appear to be better for interhospital comparison. NNIS data also suggest the importance of examining interventions (devices and operative procedures) that increase patient risk for infection. Failure to use appropriately adjusted rates and to examine the intervention experience may make interhospital comparisons meaningless or even misleading. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 40 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 10 BP 609 EP 621 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GQ279 UT WOS:A1991GQ27900008 ER PT J AU WAYNE, LG GOOD, RC KRICHEVSKY, MI BLACKLOCK, Z DAVID, HL DAWSON, D GROSS, W HAWKINS, J LEVYFREBAULT, VV MCMANUS, C PORTAELS, F RUSCHGERDES, S SCHRODER, KH SILCOX, VA TSUKAMURA, M VANDENBREEN, L YAKRUS, MA AF WAYNE, LG GOOD, RC KRICHEVSKY, MI BLACKLOCK, Z DAVID, HL DAWSON, D GROSS, W HAWKINS, J LEVYFREBAULT, VV MCMANUS, C PORTAELS, F RUSCHGERDES, S SCHRODER, KH SILCOX, VA TSUKAMURA, M VANDENBREEN, L YAKRUS, MA TI 4TH REPORT OF THE COOPERATIVE, OPEN-ENDED STUDY OF SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA BY THE INTERNATIONAL-WORKING-GROUP-ON-MYCOBACTERIAL-TAXONOMY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINARY PHENETIC DATA; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; DEPENDENT MYCOBACTERIA; COMPUTER METHODS; AVIUM COMPLEX; INTRACELLULARE; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB The open-ended study of the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy is an ongoing project to characterize slowly growing strains of mycobacteria that do not belong to well-established or thoroughly characterized species. In this fourth report we describe two numerical taxonomic clusters that represent subspecies or biovars of Mycobacterium simiae, one cluster that encompasses the erstwhile type strain of the presently invalid species "Mycobacterium paraffinicum," one cluster that is phenotypically very similar to Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare but may be a separate genospecies, one cluster that appears to be phenotypically distinct from M. avium but reacts with a nucleic acid probe specific for M. avium, and three tentatively defined clusters in proximity to a cluster that encompasses the type strain of Mycobacterium malmoense. Of special practical interest is the fact that one of the latter three clusters is composed of clinically significant scotochromogenic bacteria that can be misidentified as the nonpathogenic organism Mycobacterium gordonae if insufficient biochemical tests are performed. C1 CHUBU CHEST HOSP,OBU,AICHI,JAPAN. STATE HLTH LAB SERV,BRISBANE,AUSTRALIA. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. INST PASTEUR,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. VET ADM MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. NIDR,BETHESDA,MD 20205. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TB FORSCHUNGSINST,BORSTEL,GERMANY. RP WAYNE, LG (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,LONG BEACH,CA 90822, USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 463 EP 472 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK447 UT WOS:A1991GK44700001 PM 1742195 ER PT J AU GHERNA, RL WERREN, JH WEISBURG, W COTE, R WOESE, CR MANDELCO, L BRENNER, DJ AF GHERNA, RL WERREN, JH WEISBURG, W COTE, R WOESE, CR MANDELCO, L BRENNER, DJ TI ARSENOPHONUS-NASONIAE GEN-NOV, SP-NOV, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF THE SON-KILLER TRAIT IN THE PARASITIC WASP NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; INFECTIONS; BACTERIA AB A bacterial strain was previously isolated from a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, and shown to cause the son-killer trait in wasps. The 16S rRNA sequence, DNA probes, and whole-cell fatty acid profiles suggest that it belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. The strain's properties indicate a closer relationship to the genus Proteus than to the genus Escherichia, Citrobacter, or Salmonella. We propose the name Arsenophonus nasoniae gen. nov., sp. nov., for this bacterium. Strain SKI4 (ATCC 49151) is the type strain. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GENET & DEV,URBANA,IL 61801. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT BIOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RP GHERNA, RL (reprint author), AMER TYPE CULTURE COLLECT,DEPT BACTERIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 20 TC 125 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 563 EP 565 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK447 UT WOS:A1991GK44700016 ER PT J AU FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, C MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA AF FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, C MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA TI PROPOSED INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR TESTING INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO CIPROFLOXACIN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; RESISTANCE; AMPICILLIN; MEN AB Ciprofloxacin was subjected to a multilaboratory study designed to determine its in vitro susceptibility criteria for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its quality control parameters for both agar dilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing for this species. All clinical isolates were susceptible, i.e., MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 0.06-mu-g/ml and zones of inhibition were greater-than-or-equal-to 36 mm. A resistant category could not be defined, but in vitro-selected mutants gave zones of less-than-or-equal-to 35 mm, and MICs for these strains were greater-than-or-equal-to 0.12-mu-g/ml. For quality control of ciprofloxacin agar dilution tests on supplemented GC agar, MICs for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 ranged from 0.12 to 0.5-mu-g/ml. For quality control of 5-mu-g ciprofloxacin disk tests, N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 produced acceptable zone diameter ranges of 48 to 58 mm and 22 to 26 mm, respectively. C1 CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,TUALATIN,OR 97062. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BARNES HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP FUCHS, PC (reprint author), ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10011, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2111 EP 2114 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300004 PM 1939563 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, SP DORSCH, M STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ STACKEBRANDT, E AF OCONNOR, SP DORSCH, M STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ STACKEBRANDT, E TI 16S-RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES OF BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS AND CAT SCRATCH DISEASE BACILLUS REVEAL PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ALPHA-2 SUBGROUP OF THE CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; PATIENT; AGENT AB The primary structures of 16S rRNAs of Bartonella bacilliformis, an isolate of the cat scratch disease (CSD) bacillus, and a strain phenotypically similar to the CSD bacillus were determined by reverse transcriptase sequencing. These microorganisms were found to be members of the alpha-2 subgroup of the class Proteobacteria. The sequence from B. bacilliformis was most closely related to the rRNA of Rochalimaea quintana (91.7% homology), the etiologic agent of trench fever. The sequence from the isolate of the CSD bacillus showed the greatest homology with Brucella abortus (89.7%) and, when compared with oligonucleotide catalog data, formed a cluster with Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Pseudomonas carboxidovorans, Nitrobacter species, and Bradyrhizobium species. The 16S rRNA sequence was also determined for the Cleveland Clinic isolate, which was previously shown to be phenotypically similar to and approximately 30% related, by DNA hybridization, to the CSD bacillus. The Cleveland Clinic isolate was isolated from a patient not diagnosed with CSD. The rRNAs from these bacteria exhibited 98.2% homology, confirming that this isolate is a second species in the same genus as the CSD bacillus. Our data suggest that neither B. bacilliforms nor the CSD bacillus is the etiologic agent of bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis. C1 UNIV KIEL,INST ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOL,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. RP OCONNOR, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2144 EP 2150 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300010 PM 1719021 ER PT J AU LAL, RB HENEINE, W RUDOLPH, DL PRESENT, WB HOFHIENZ, D HARTLEY, TM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF LAL, RB HENEINE, W RUDOLPH, DL PRESENT, WB HOFHIENZ, D HARTLEY, TM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE-BASED IMMUNOASSAYS FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II INFECTIONS IN SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HTLV-I; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; WESTERN-BLOT; DRUG-ABUSERS; SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPE; PROTEIN; REGION AB Until now, serologic tests that distinguish the closely related human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) infections have not been available. Synthetic peptide assays, employing peptides derived from the core and envelope proteins of HTLV-I and HTLV-II (SynthEIA and Select-HTLV tests), were evaluated for the ability to serologically discriminate HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections. Of 32 HTLV-I and 57 HTLV-II-positive serum specimens from individuals whose infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, the SyntheEIA test categorized 29 (91%) as HTLV-I and 50 (88%) as HTLV-II, and 10 (11%) were nontypeable. In contrast, the Select-HTLV test categorized 32 (100%) as HTLV-I and 55 (96%) as HTLV-II, and 2 (2%) were nontypeable. The specificity of both the assays in seropositive serum specimens was 100% in that none of the specimens were incorrectly classified. Additional serum specimens obtained from clinically diseased patients from the United States (n = 8) and asymptomatic carriers and patients from Japan (an endemic population for HTLV-I; n = 40) were categorized as HTLV-I by at least one of the assays, while serum specimens from Guaymi Indians from Panama (an endemic population for HTLV-II; n = 13) were categorized as HTLV-II. Thus, peptide enzyme immunoassays appear to represent a simple technique employing chemically synthesized antigens for discrimination between antibodies of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. C1 UNITED BIOMED INC,LAKE SUCCESS,NY 11042. COULTER IMMUNOL,HIALEAH,FL 33016. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2253 EP 2258 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300030 PM 1939580 ER PT J AU BEHETS, F DISASI, A RYDER, RW BISHAGARA, K PIOT, P KASHAMUKA, M KAMENGA, M NZILA, N LAGA, M VERCAUTEREN, G BATTER, V BROWN, C QUINN, T AF BEHETS, F DISASI, A RYDER, RW BISHAGARA, K PIOT, P KASHAMUKA, M KAMENGA, M NZILA, N LAGA, M VERCAUTEREN, G BATTER, V BROWN, C QUINN, T TI COMPARISON OF 5 COMMERCIAL ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS AND WESTERN IMMUNOBLOTTING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS ANTIBODY DETECTION IN SERUM SAMPLES FROM CENTRAL AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV INFECTION; BLOOD-DONORS; HTLV-III; ELISA; KITS; IMMUNOASSAYS; SENSITIVITY; ANTI-HIV-1; TESTS; EIA AB Detection by five different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sera from three Zairian populations consisting of 1,998 individuals with various risks for HIV infection was evaluated. Sera that were reactive by at least one assay and 10% of the nonreactive serum samples were analyzed by Western blot (immunoblot) by using . U.S. Public Health Service interpretation criteria. Sera which were positive by ELISA for detection of antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2 and negative or indeterminate by HIV-1 Western blot were also analyzed by HIV-2 Western blot. Overall, 443 (22.2%) serum specimens were HIV-1 Western blot positive, 390 (19.5%) had indeterminate HIV-1 Western blot patterns, and no samples were HIV-2 Western blot positive. The sensitivity of the ELISAs ranged from 97.5 to 99.8%, and the specificity ranged from 51.7 to 98.4%. By population group, the negative predictive value ranged from 97.1 to 100%, in contrast to the positive predictive value, which varied from 6.6 to 100%. Follow-up results for sera which were indeterminate for antibody to HIV-1 documented only four seroconversions (6.0%) among 67 individuals at high risk for HIV-1 infection and no seroconversions among 202 individuals at relatively low risk for HIV-1 infection. This study demonstrates the importance of evaluating commercial ELISAs with sera from appropriate geographical regions in order to select the most cost-effective and practical assay for use in that region. Furthermore, the high frequency of indeterminate Western blots for African sera emphasizes the continual need for improved confirmatory assays and interpretation criteria. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2280 EP 2284 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300035 PM 1939584 ER PT J AU SARAFIAN, SK JOHNSON, SR THOMAS, ML KNAPP, JS AF SARAFIAN, SK JOHNSON, SR THOMAS, ML KNAPP, JS TI NOVEL PLASMID COMBINATIONS IN HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI ISOLATES FROM THAILAND SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS AB Thirty isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi collected in Thailand in 1984 were characterized by plasmid content. Three novel plasmids with estimated molecular masses of 1.8, 2.6, and 2.8 MDa were observed in 29 isolates, in addition to the 3.2-, 5.7-, and 7.0-MDa beta-lactamase and 4.4-MDa sulfonamide resistance plasmids. At least three of the seven plasmids were observed in each of the 29 isolates. The number and diversity of plasmids observed in these isolates of H. ducreyi distinguish them from strains previously described. RP SARAFIAN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,RES LAB,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,MAILSTOP D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2333 EP 2334 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300046 PM 1939592 ER PT J AU DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW AF DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW TI CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CLINICAL ISOLATES WHICH ARE SIMILAR TO CDC GROUP DF-3 BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AB Six clinical isolates, taken from blood or wounds, that had biochemical characteristics most similar to Centers for Disease Control group DF-3 bacteria were examined for cellular fatty acid composition and isoprenoid quinone content to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. The fatty acids were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The isoprenoid quinones were extracted from lyophilized whole cells and analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. All six strains, which were designated group DF-3-like, possessed a distinct fatty acid profile that was characterized by large amounts (> 20%) of 13-methyltetradecanoate (i-C15:0) and 12-methyltetradecanoate (n-C15:0), moderate amounts of saturated branched-chain 13-carbon acids (i-C13:0 and a-C13:0) and hexadecanoate (n-C16:0), and small to moderate amounts of both branched- and straight-chain hydroxy acids (i-3-OH-C15:0, 3-OH-C16:0, i-3-OH-C17:0, and 2-OH-C17:0). This fatty acid profile was unique compared with the profiles of group DF-3 and other bacteria we have previously tested and is useful for the rapid identification of group DF-3-like isolates. The isoprenoid quinone content of four group DF-3-like strains was similar, with ubiquinone-9 (Q-9) and Q-10 as their major quinones, while the other two group DF-3-like strains contained Q-7 as their major quinones, with smaller amounts of Q-8 and Q-9. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DANESHVAR, MI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2351 EP 2353 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300052 PM 1939597 ER PT J AU LEW, JF MOE, CL MONROE, SS ALLEN, JR HARRISON, BM FORRESTER, BD STINE, SE WOODS, PA HIERHOLZER, JC HERRMANN, JE BLACKLOW, NR BARTLETT, AV GLASS, RI AF LEW, JF MOE, CL MONROE, SS ALLEN, JR HARRISON, BM FORRESTER, BD STINE, SE WOODS, PA HIERHOLZER, JC HERRMANN, JE BLACKLOW, NR BARTLETT, AV GLASS, RI TI ASTROVIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN IN DAY-CARE SETTINGS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; CENTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS; TODDLERS; TYPE-40; INFANTS; CANADA AB The relative importance of astrovirus and adenoviruses as etiologic agents of diarrhea among children in day care was examined. Stool specimens from this prospective study were screened for both astrovirus and adenovirus hexon with two new indirect double-antibody assays and for enteric adenoviruses with an EIA specific for serotypes 40 and 41. Astrovirus was detected in a significantly greater percentage of children with diarrhea (4%, 21/524) than of those without (< 1%, 1/138) (P < .05); however, no difference between such children with adenovirus infections was found (8%, 43/565, and 8%, 10/129, respectively). Overall, 30% (13/43) of all adenovirus hexon-positive specimens were enteric serotypes, and by extrapolation, enteric adenoviruses were identified in an equal percentage of children (2%) with and without diarrhea. This study documents the presence of astrovirus and enteric adenoviruses among children in day care in the United States, associates astrovirus with diarrhea in this setting, and suggests that viral agents may be the most common enteric pathogens among children with diarrhea in day care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,WORCESTER,MA 01605. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP LEW, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,MAILSTOP G-04,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [MIDP-89-3] NR 24 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 673 EP 678 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500006 PM 1894931 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, LE WILSON, ML HALL, DB LEGUENNO, B DYKSTRA, EA BA, K FISHERHOCH, SP AF CHAPMAN, LE WILSON, ML HALL, DB LEGUENNO, B DYKSTRA, EA BA, K FISHERHOCH, SP TI RISK-FACTORS FOR CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER IN RURAL NORTHERN SENEGAL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; VIRUS; ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; MAURITANIA; OUTBREAK AB The extent of infection among 722 residents of an enzootic focus of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in rural northern Senegal and putative modes of transmission were studied by a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey done from February through May 1989. Anti-CCHF virus IgG was found in 13.1% of 283 persons who completed a standard questionnaire and provided blood samples. Seropositivity rates were similar between sexes and increased significantly with age among nomadic persons. Behavior patterns providing exposure to multifactorial risk factors were gender-based. Male risk factors, primarily associated with herding activities, included sleeping outside during seasonal migrations (also a risk factor for nomadic women), bite by a tick (adult male Hyalomma truncatum), tick bite during the cool dry season, and contact with sick animals. Human infection of CCHF occurred more frequently or with less mortality in the region studied than has been found elsewhere in Africa; however, the rate of seroconversion-associated illness is undetermined. Hyalomma ticks appear to be the primary transmission mode. C1 INST PASTEUR,DAKAR,SOUTH AFRICA. ORSTOM,DAKAR,SOUTH AFRICA. RP CHAPMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500008 PM 1910069 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP MEADE, BD BURSTYN, DG MEISSNER, M ZASTROW, JA BERG, JL DRINKA, P PHILLIPS, R AF ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP MEADE, BD BURSTYN, DG MEISSNER, M ZASTROW, JA BERG, JL DRINKA, P PHILLIPS, R TI A PERTUSSIS OUTBREAK IN A WISCONSIN NURSING-HOME SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; WHOOPING-COUGH; HOSPITAL STAFF; INFECTION; FACILITY; ADULTS; ANTIBODY; SPREAD AB The epidemiologic features and clinical spectrum of pertussis in the elderly are poorly understood. In October 1985, the Wisconsin Division of Health investigated an outbreak of pertussis in residents of a nursing home in rural Wisconsin. Clinical information and nasopharyngeal swab and acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens were obtained from all consenting residents and employees. Of 105 residents, 38 (36.2%) were seropositive, including four who were culture-positive for Bordetella pertussis. Culture-positive residents (age range, 52-81 years) had cough lasting 43-54 days. Three of these residents had paroxysmal cough, and all four had cough that interrupted sleep; none of the residents had cough with apnea or vomiting, and all recovered without sequelae. Of six seropositive residents with clinical pertussis, five lived on the south wing of the facility. Of 104 employees, 8 (7.7%) were seropositive, but none were culture-positive for B. pertussis. The higher attack rate for residents and the clustering of clinical cases were consistent with ongoing transmission within the nursing home. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN DIV HLTH,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MADISON,WI 53706. WISCONSIN VET HOME,KING,WI. MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 704 EP 710 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500010 PM 1894932 ER PT J AU YANCEY, RW PERLINO, CA KAUFMAN, L AF YANCEY, RW PERLINO, CA KAUFMAN, L TI ASYMPTOMATIC BLASTOMYCOSIS OF THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM WITH PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS GIVEN KETOCONAZOLE THERAPY - A REPORT OF 2 CASES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DERMATITIDIS; MENINGITIS AB Ketoconazole (KTZ) has largely replaced amphotericin B as first-line therapy for blastomycosis. However, KTZ penetrates poorly into the central nervous system (CNS), and therapeutic failure may be caused by initially unrecognized CNS infection. Two patients (22% [2/9] of all culture-proven cases of blastomycosis at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, over 15 years) developed CNS blastomycosis while receiving KTZ. Neither initially had CNS symptoms; both had cutaneous and pulmonary disease that responded to KTZ. If KTZ or other fungistatic imidazoles are to continue as primary therapy for blastomycosis, studies are needed to improve the ability to identify patients likely to experience treatment failure or develop CNS disease. Possibly all patients with disseminated blastomycosis, even those without CNS symptoms, should have lumbar puncture and computed tomography of the head before therapy. Critical evaluation of their immune function also may be required before making a therapeutic decision to use KTZ or amphotericin B. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 807 EP 810 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500032 PM 1894941 ER PT J AU HITCH, WL LAMMIE, PJ WALKER, EM HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML AF HITCH, WL LAMMIE, PJ WALKER, EM HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML TI ANTIFILARIAL CELLULAR-RESPONSES DETECTED IN A HAITIAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION BY USE OF A MICROBLASTOGENESIS ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; FILARIASIS; CHILDREN; MITOGEN AB Previous reports have demonstrated age-related shifts in antifilarial humoral immune responses in 6- to 10-year-old Haitian children; the responses consisted of elevated parasite-specific IgG2 and IgG3 in amicrofilaremic children and elevated IgG4 in microfilaremic children. In this study, the cell-mediated immune responses to soluble adult and microfilarial extracts of Brugia pahangi, determined by use of a microblastogenesis assay, were examined. Capillary blood samples were collected by finger prick from 176 Haitian children in an area with endemic Wuchereria bancrofti. Antigen-specific cellular responsiveness varied as a function of infection status but not age or sex; amicrofilaremic children had significantly greater responses to adult antigens than did microfilaremic children. Significant responses were detected in children < 2 years of age; thus, correlations observed between filarial antigen-specific responses and infection status are established early in life. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DIV IMMUNOL & MOLEC PATHOGENESIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-02642]; PHS HHS [Y02-00005-01] NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 811 EP 813 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500033 PM 1894942 ER PT J AU WEIL, GJ LAMMIE, PJ RICHARDS, FO EBERHARD, ML AF WEIL, GJ LAMMIE, PJ RICHARDS, FO EBERHARD, ML TI CHANGES IN CIRCULATING PARASITE ANTIGEN LEVELS AFTER TREATMENT OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS WITH DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AND IVERMECTIN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; THERAPY AB This study assessed changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis to determine effects of these drugs on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. Thirty adult Haitians with microfilaremia were treated with 1 mg of ivermectin to reduce counts of microfilariae. Later, subjects were treated with either one or two 200-mu-g/kg doses of ivermectin or with 12 daily 6 mg/kg doses of DEC. Macrofilaricidal activity of these drugs was indirectly monitored by measuring circulating W. bancrofti antigen by EIA. Antigen levels fell by 75% after DEC and by 34% after ivermectin. These results suggest that low-dose ivermectin treatment followed by a standard course of DEC is a more effective macrofilaricidal regimen for W. bancrofti than either of the multidose ivermectin regimens used in this study. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22488] NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 814 EP 816 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500034 PM 1894943 ER PT J AU DANIEL, TM MCDONOUGH, JA HUEBNER, RE AF DANIEL, TM MCDONOUGH, JA HUEBNER, RE TI ABSENCE OF IGG OR IGM ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS 30,000-DA ANTIGEN AFTER PRIMARY TUBERCULOUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DANIEL, TM (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED,2074 ABINGTON RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. FU PHS HHS [U52/CCU501880] NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 821 EP 821 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500039 PM 1910072 ER PT J AU ERDMAN, DD USHER, MJ TSOU, C CAUL, EO GARY, GW KAJIGAYA, S YOUNG, NS ANDERSON, LJ AF ERDMAN, DD USHER, MJ TSOU, C CAUL, EO GARY, GW KAJIGAYA, S YOUNG, NS ANDERSON, LJ TI HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 SPECIFIC IGG, IGA, AND IGM ANTIBODIES AND DNA IN SERUM SPECIMENS FROM PERSONS WITH ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; PCR; ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; APLASTIC CRISIS; ELISA; ARTHRITIS; ANEMIA AB To determine the diagnostic use of different markers of acute parvovirus B19 infection, serum specimens obtained from 128 persons with erythema infectiosum were tested for specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies by capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-expressed B19 antigen, and tested for circulating B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A significant rise in specific IgG and IgA antibodies was detected in 87% and 77%, respectively, of persons from whom acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens were available. Specific IgA antibodies were detected in single serum specimens from 90% of cases and were present in 22 (18%) of 120 persons from a control group without a history of recent exposure to B19. Specific IgM antibodies were detected in 97% of cases and one person (1%) from the control group. B19 DNA was detected in 94% of cases and was absent in 20 persons from the control group positive for both IgG and IgA antibodies. Serum specimens obtained between 4 and 6 months after onset of illness from six additional persons were also tested. All had specific IgG antibodies, four (67%) had IgA, five (83%) had IgM, and none had detectable B19 DNA. Our data indicate that 1) specific IgA antibodies are too persistent to be a useful indicator of recent B19 infection; 2) specific IgM antibodies are the most sensitive indicator of acute B19 infection in immunologically normal persons but can persist up to 6 months; and 3) B19 DNA can often be detected up to 2 months after onset of illness even in immunologically normal hosts and might be a useful adjunct test for diagnosis of acute B19 infection. C1 NHLBI,CLIN HEMATOL BRANCH,CELL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. REG VIRUS & PUBL HLTH LAB,BRISTOL,ENGLAND. RP ERDMAN, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890350207 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA GK124 UT WOS:A1991GK12400006 PM 1765775 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR FLANDERS, WD DECOUFLE, P AF OBRIEN, TR FLANDERS, WD DECOUFLE, P TI USE OF THE MANTEL-HAENSZEL CHI-2 OVERESTIMATES PRECISION IN STUDIES WITH SPARSE DATA SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; CONFIDENCE-INTERVAL; ODDS RATIO AB Probability values or "test-based" confidence limits computed on the basis of the Mantel-Haenszel chi-2 statistic may be invalid if minimum cell-size requirements are not met. In 30 studies of occupational proportionate mortality published from 1985 through 1987, the Mantel-Haenszel chi-2 was used in potential violation of cell-size requirements in 21 studies. Sixteen (76%) studies included at least one value that, when compared with testing with the Poisson distribution, was erroneously reported as statistically significant at the 0.05 level. We conclude that by using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-2 with sparse data, some epidemiologists overestimate precision. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP OBRIEN, TR (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,MS E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1083 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GJ667 UT WOS:A1991GJ66700012 PM 1753307 ER PT J AU DICKERSON, JW VISVESVARA, GS WALKER, EM FEELY, DE AF DICKERSON, JW VISVESVARA, GS WALKER, EM FEELY, DE TI INFECTIVITY OF CRYOPRESERVED GIARDIA CYSTS FOR MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYI-S-33 MEDIUM; LAMBLIA; EXCYSTATION; INTESTINALIS; VIABILITY; INVITRO AB Although Giardia species trophozoites have been cryopreserved successfully, no report on the successful cryopreservation of cysts could be found. Using infectivity to Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) as a measure of cyst viability, we tested the viability of 4 strains of Giardia cysts that had been cryopreserved for 1-67 wk. Cysts were frozen in either Keister's medium or physiological saline, both containing 5% or 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide as the cryoprotectant. Viability of cryopreserved cysts was dependent upon the number of cysts inoculated, the length of time cysts were held at 4 C before cryopreservation, and the cryopreserving medium. Infection was established in gerbils by inoculating them with cysts that had been cryopreserved for up to 67 wk, cysts that had been held for less than 30 days before cryopreservation, and cysts frozen in Keister's medium. Saline appears to be unsuitable as a freezing medium for the cryopreservation of Giardia cysts. RP DICKERSON, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 77 IS 5 BP 688 EP 691 DI 10.2307/3282699 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GL342 UT WOS:A1991GL34200007 PM 1919914 ER PT J AU BRANDT, FH EBERHARD, ML AF BRANDT, FH EBERHARD, ML TI INOCULATION OF FERRETS WITH 10 3RD-STAGE LARVAE OF DRACUNCULUS-INSIGNIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Infection with Dracunculus insignis was established in 7 of 10 ferrets experimentally inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 third-stage larvae (L3's). Worm recovery and infection rate were comparable to animals inoculated with 50 L3's. This study demonstrates that once infective larvae traverse the gut and pass into the peritoneal cavity, very few larvae are required to establish infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO COLLABORATING CTR RES TRAINING & ERADICAT DRACUNCULIASIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRANDT, FH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 77 IS 5 BP 786 EP 787 DI 10.2307/3282718 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GL342 UT WOS:A1991GL34200025 PM 1833521 ER EF