FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU BRINKMANN, UK CAMPBELL, CC HARDAN, A LIN, LB MILLS, A SINGH, H DIAS, JCP ROUNGOU, JB AF BRINKMANN, UK CAMPBELL, CC HARDAN, A LIN, LB MILLS, A SINGH, H DIAS, JCP ROUNGOU, JB TI IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL MALARIA CONTROL STRATEGY - INTRODUCTION SO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL MALARIA CONTROL STRATEGY SE WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,DIV COMMUN DIS,BAGHDAD,IRAQ. PEOPLES LIBERAT ARMY,ACAD MED SCI,INST MICROBIOL & EPIDEMIOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. GOVT INDIA,DEPT HLTH,PLANNING COMMISS,NEW DELHI,INDIA. RP BRINKMANN, UK (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 J9 WHO TECH REP SER PY 1993 VL 839 BP 1 EP 54 PG 54 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BZ85H UT WOS:A1993BZ85H00001 ER PT J AU TUTTLE, J TAUXE, RV AF TUTTLE, J TAUXE, RV TI ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT SHIGELLA - THE GROWING NEED FOR PREVENTION STRATEGIES SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HOUSEFLIES MUSCA-DOMESTICA; THERAPY; INFECTIONS; AMPICILLIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 2 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1097/00019048-199301000-00016 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MF193 UT WOS:A1993MF19300009 ER PT J AU TEASS, AW DEBORD, DG BROWN, KK CHEEVER, KL STETTLER, LE SAVAGE, RE WEIGEL, WW DANKOVIC, D WARD, E AF TEASS, AW DEBORD, DG BROWN, KK CHEEVER, KL STETTLER, LE SAVAGE, RE WEIGEL, WW DANKOVIC, D WARD, E TI BIOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO O-TOLUIDINE AND ANILINE SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOLOGICAL MONITORING CY NOV 12-15, 1992 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, WHO, INT LABOR OFF, SCI COUNCIL JAPAN, JAPANESE SOC HYG, JAPAN ASSOC IND HLTH, JAPANESE SOC TOXICOL SCI, MINIST HLTH & WELF JAPAN, MINIST INT TRADE & IND JAPAN, MINIST LABOR JAPAN DE ANILINE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; O-TOLUIDINE ID AROMATIC-AMINES AB Epidemiological evidence that occupational exposure to o-toluidine and aniline is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer led to efforts to identify biomarkers of workplace exposures to these aromatic amines. For the determination of o-toluidine and aniline in worker urine specimens, a method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by electrochemical detection was developed. The limits of detection were 0.6 mug/l and 1.4 mug/l for o-toluidine and aniline, respectively. Recovery of o-toluidine and aniline from spiked urine averaged 86% and 93%, respectively, over a range of 4-100 mug/l. Reproducibility in the range 2-100 mug/l for analyses of split field samples was 13% (average RSD) for o-toluidine and 16% (average RSD) for aniline. Application of this method to pre- and post-shift samples collected from potentially exposed and unexposed workers indicated elevated concentrations of o-toluidine and aniline in urine from exposed workers. To develop methods for biomarkers of internal dose, o-toluidine binding to the blood proteins hemoglobin and albumin was investigated utilizing in-vivo (rodent) and in-vitro (hemoglobin and albumin) studies. Base-hydrolyzable protein adducts were analyzed by HPLC (fluorescence) and/or GC/electron capture (EC). The methods were compared for sample preparation requirements, selectivity and sensitivity. While the GC/EC method was more sensitive than HPLC, the presence of interfering peaks limited the utility of this approach. Results from these studies suggested that the HPLC method could be useful for determination of o-toluidine exposures in individuals acutely or chronically exposed to high levels. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP TEASS, AW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PY 1993 VL 65 IS 1 SU S BP S115 EP S118 DI 10.1007/BF00381320 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR207 UT WOS:A1993LR20700022 PM 8406905 ER PT J AU MACERA, CA EAKER, ED JANNARONE, RJ DAVIS, DR STOSKOPF, CH AF MACERA, CA EAKER, ED JANNARONE, RJ DAVIS, DR STOSKOPF, CH TI THE ASSOCIATION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EVENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG CAREGIVERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEMENTIA; FAMILY AB A pilot study of eighty-two caregivers was conducted in South Carolina in 1991 to identify positive and negative factors associated with caregiving. Through home visits, interviewers obtained data on a variety of physical and mental health measures, including two new scales designed to measure perceived ''positive and ''negative'' events that had occurred in the previous month. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used as a measure of depressive symptomatology. For the new scales, only items that were significantly correlated with depressive symptomatology (p < 0.01) were retained. The new ''positive'' event scale (8 items) and the new ''negative'' event scale (16 items) had alpha coefficients of 0.79 and 0.86, respectively. These scales may be useful to researchers in sorting out mediating factors related to the burden of caregiving and in providing points for intervention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MACERA, CA (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 SN 0091-4150 J9 INT J AGING HUM DEV JI Int. J. Aging Human Dev. PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.2190/KGEX-GMYY-5298-JQBT PG 6 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA KK266 UT WOS:A1993KK26600005 PM 8425748 ER PT J AU BECKER, SR DIOP, F THORNTON, JN AF BECKER, SR DIOP, F THORNTON, JN TI INFANT AND CHILD-MORTALITY IN 2 COUNTIES OF LIBERIA - RESULTS OF A SURVEY IN 1988 AND TRENDS SINCE 1984 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL-MORTALITY; REDUCTION; TETANUS AB A baseline survey of childhood mortality in two counties of Liberia in 1984 found the risk of dying before age 5 to be almost one-third. Three years into the Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD) project, a survey using a pregnancy history questionnaire was conducted in the same clusters to determine if any change in mortality had occurred. Reinterviews were done in a subsample and pregnancies were matched from the two surveys to determine levels of missing events. After adjustment for omission, infant mortality was estimated at 180 per 1000, a 25% decline from the estimated 1984 level. Childhood mortality declined by an estimated 28%. Tabulations of death by reported cause using a verbal autopsy questionnaire showed that the risks of neonatal tetanus and fever associated deaths declined significantly. These reductions might have been a direct result of programme activities which were shown by a marked increase in tetanus toroid immunization and access to antimalarial drugs in the study area. C1 DIRECT STAT DAKAR,DAKAR,SENEGAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BECKER, SR (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT POPULAT DYNAM,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S56 EP S63 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300009 PM 8307676 ER PT J AU BECKER, SR THORNTON, JN HOLDER, W AF BECKER, SR THORNTON, JN HOLDER, W TI INFANT AND CHILD-MORTALITY ESTIMATES IN 2 COUNTIES OF LIBERIA - 1984 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To estimate baseline infant and child mortality in Liberia, a survey was carried out in 1984 as part of the Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD) project. The project, a collaborative effort of the Liberian Ministry of Health, the US Agency for International Development, and the US Centers for Disease Control, is aimed at reducing childhood morbidity and mortality through oral rehydration therapy, vaccination and treatment for malaria. As a measure of programme impact, mortality estimates from this survey will be compared with those from a second survey after 4-5 years. A sample of 40 clusters (50-70 households per cluster) was used. The size is sufficient to detect a 25% reduction in mortality of children under 5 years of age. Mortality was estimated from a pregnancy history questionnaire asked of women aged 15-49 residing in cluster households. A reliability survey was conducted and pregnancies were matched to determine the level of omission of births and deaths. Results show a very high level of mortality with a risk of death in infancy above 20% and a risk of dying before the fifth birthday of one-third. Since the extent of omission of deaths in the first survey proved substantial, the reinterview survey was essential. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BECKER, SR (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT POPULAT DYMAN,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S42 EP S49 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300007 PM 8307674 ER PT J AU FOSTER, SO AF FOSTER, SO TI MONITORING CHILD SURVIVAL PROGRAMS IN AFRICA - THE AFRICA CHILD SURVIVAL INITIATIVE - BACKGROUND SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; IMPROVE RP FOSTER, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF FO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S2 EP S7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300002 PM 8307671 ER PT J AU FOSTER, SO SPIEGEL, RA MOKDAD, A YEANON, S BECKER, SR THORNTON, JN GALAKPAI, MK AF FOSTER, SO SPIEGEL, RA MOKDAD, A YEANON, S BECKER, SR THORNTON, JN GALAKPAI, MK TI IMMUNIZATION, ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY AND MALARIA CHEMOTHERAPY AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 IN BOMI AND GRAND-CAPE-MOUNT COUNTIES, LIBERIA, 1984 AND 1988 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB As part of an evaluation of child survival programmes in 13 African countries, cluster surveys were carried out in two Liberian counties in 1984 and 1988 to measure use of three primary health care services: immunization of infants, anti- anti-malarial treatment of children with fever, and oral rehydration of childhood diarrhoea. Immunization rates increased (30-53% for DPT-1 and 13-33% for measles), treatment of malaria with drugs available in the home increased from 5 to 35%, and home use of sugar-salt solution to prevent dehydration remained essentially unchanged, 5.9% in 1984 and 3.8% in 1988. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT DYNAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP FOSTER, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF FO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S50 EP S55 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300008 PM 8307675 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, WR CHAHNAZARIAN, A WEINMAN, J WERNETTE, M ROY, J PEBLEY, AR BELE, O MADISU, M AF TAYLOR, WR CHAHNAZARIAN, A WEINMAN, J WERNETTE, M ROY, J PEBLEY, AR BELE, O MADISU, M TI MORTALITY AND USE OF HEALTH-SERVICES SURVEYS IN RURAL ZAIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Combatting Childhood Communicable Disease (CCCD) project is a comprehensive public health programme designed to reduce child mortality by 25% through the use of the following strategies: vaccination, oral rehydration therapy, and prompt treatment for malaria. To evaluate this programme, cross-sectional surveys were conducted in neighbouring health zones in Zaire in 1984 to determine the use of selected medical services by the population and to estimate the child mortality rate before the CCCD programme began. A reinterview survey was conducted on a sub-sample of women previously interviewed to determine the reliability of the mortality estimates. In both health zones 84-85% of women used antenatal services, 45% of children under age 6 who had had fever were treated with an antimalarial drug, 19-22% of children age 12-23 months had been vaccinated against measles, and virtually no children who had had diarrhoea were treated with oral rehydration therapy. Women's underreporting of births and deaths resulted in low estimates of mortality in both surveys. The reinterview survey provided more accurate estimates of mortality and led to a better understanding of the factors influencing underreporting. The estimated infant mortality rate was 74 deaths per 1000 livebirths; and the probability of dying before age 5 was 191 per 1000. Because births and deaths reported with incomplete dates were excluded from analysis, the mortality rates from the reinterview survey are underestimates. Given the difficulty in obtaining accurate estimates of mortality, primary importance should be given to developing and improving routine health information systems that measure changes in health status and provide information to evaluate programmes. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT POPULAT DYNAM, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NATL RES COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA. WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL, INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. PRINCETON UNIV, OFF POPULAT RES, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. WHO, DIARRHOEAL DIS CONTROL PROGRAMME, OFF AFRICA, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. RP TAYLOR, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT, D-24, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S15 EP S19 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300004 PM 8307670 ER PT J AU VERNON, AA TAYLOR, WR BIEY, A MUNDEKE, KM CHAHNAZARIAN, A HABICHT, T MUTOMBO, M MAKANI, B AF VERNON, AA TAYLOR, WR BIEY, A MUNDEKE, KM CHAHNAZARIAN, A HABICHT, T MUTOMBO, M MAKANI, B TI CHANGES IN USE OF HEALTH-SERVICES IN A RURAL HEALTH ZONE IN ZAIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; EXPERIENCE AB As part of the Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD) project funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the Zairian CCCD programme conducted surveys in the rural health zones of Kingandu and Pai-Kongila, Zaire, in 1984-1985 and 1988-1989 to determine whether a strategy of selective primary health care would affect childhood mortality. This paper describes the changes in the medical care infrastructure and the increasing coverage of selected services. The strategies evaluated were vaccination, oral rehydration therapy, and treatment of febrile episodes with antimalarial drugs for children; and tetanus vaccination and malaria prophylaxis for pregnant women. The health infrastructure in the Kingandu and Pai-Kongila Health Zones expanded considerably from 1984 to 1989, with health centres increasing from 7 to 18. During this period, economic conditions deteriorated moderately, with the nation experiencing nearly 700% inflation. Medical care costs remained stable because of external subsidies. Use of health services was assessed in 1984, 1988, and 1989. Between 1984 and 1989, the proportion of children aged 12-23 months vaccinated against measles increased from 22% to 71%. Coverage with other vaccine antigens increased similarly. Women's knowledge of the correct recipe for the preparation of sugar-salt solution increased from 0% to 61%. Reported treatment at home with sugar-salt or oral rehydration solution increased from 6% to 53%. The proportion of children with febrile episodes who were treated presumptively for malaria with chloroquine remained unchanged (47% in 1984; 44% in 1988). We conclude that, despite a moderate deterioration in economic conditions, Kingandu and Pai-Kongila Health Zones achieved remarkable increases in use of selected health services between 1984 and 1989, especially in vaccination coverage. C1 KINGANDU HLTH ZONE,KINGANDU,ZAIRE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. US PEACE CORPS,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. COMBATTING CHILDHOOD COMMUN DIS PROGRAM,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP VERNON, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF FO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 22 SU 1 BP S20 EP S31 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ693 UT WOS:A1993MJ69300005 PM 8307672 ER PT J AU SIH, T MOURA, R CALDAS, S SCHWARTZ, B AF SIH, T MOURA, R CALDAS, S SCHWARTZ, B TI PROPHYLAXIS FOR RECURRENT ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA - A BRAZILIAN STUDY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RECURRENT ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA; PROPHYLAXIS; TRIMETHOPRIM SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; AMOXACILLIN ID MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; SULFISOXAZOLE; CHILDREN; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PREVENTION AB We enrolled 60 children with recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) in a study of the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis. All children were entered into the study following an acute episode of infection treated with amoxacillin (AMX) for 10 days. Following therapy, the children were re-examined, and then randomly assigned to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), amoxacillin (AMX) or a placebo (PLA). Twenty children were included in each group. Each drug was administered once a day at bedtime, at 1/3 the therapeutic dose, for 3 months. Children were re-evaluated with pneumootoscopy during episodes of acute illness and with pneumootoscopy and impedance tympanometry (TYMP) at monthly intervals. We observed a significantly increased rate of recurrent AOM in children receiving placebo compared with those who received antibiotics (50% vs. 17% P < 0.005). Both prophylactic antibiotics were equally effective in preventing recurrent AOM (recurrence rate 20% TMP-SMX, 15% AMX). We also observe; that recurrences in children receiving placebo occurred earlier in the study period than in those receiving antibiotics. These results suggest that antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with recurrent acute otitis media is effective in reducing subsequent disease. The similar efficacy of both antibiotics tested suggests that the less expensive agent should be used. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,FAC MED,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP SIH, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,BLDG 1,ROOM 5047,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0165-5876(93)90006-O PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA KL660 UT WOS:A1993KL66000004 PM 8436464 ER PT J AU CHUNG, YR BRENNER, DJ STEIGERWALT, AG KIM, BS KIM, HT CHO, KY AF CHUNG, YR BRENNER, DJ STEIGERWALT, AG KIM, BS KIM, HT CHO, KY TI ENTEROBACTER-PYRINUS SP-NOV, AN ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN LEAF-SPOT DISEASE OF PEAR TREES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; COMB NOV; ERWINIAE AB A new species, Enterobacter pyrinus, which was isolated from brown leaf spot lesions on pear trees, is described on the basis of the characteristics of seven strains. These bacteria are gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods (0.6 to 1.0 by 1.6 to 2.3 mum) that are motile and peritrichous. As determined by DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method), these seven strains were 97.5% related in both 60 and 75-degrees-C reactions, with no evidence of sequence divergence, indicating that they are members of a single species. E. pyrinus is most closely related to Enterobacter gergoviae (46%) and to Enterobacter agglomerans hybridization group XI (37%). E. pyrinus is differentiated from E. gergoviae by its growth in KCN broth, acid production from myo-inositol, and lack of acid production from raffinose. The type strain of E. pyrinus is strain KCTC 2520 (= CDC G6570 = ATCC 49851). C1 KOREA RES INST CHEM TECHNOL,CTR AGROCHEM SCREENING,TAEJON 305606,SOUTH KOREA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHUNG, YR (reprint author), GYEONGSANG NATL UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CHINJU 660701,SOUTH KOREA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KG457 UT WOS:A1993KG45700024 ER PT J AU JASON, J SOLOMON, L CELENTANO, DD VLAHOV, D AF JASON, J SOLOMON, L CELENTANO, DD VLAHOV, D TI POTENTIAL USE OF MASS-MEDIA TO REACH URBAN INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS WITH AIDS-PREVENTION MESSAGES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ADDICTIONS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; DRUG ABUSE; PREVENTION; MEDIA; PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS ID HIV INFECTION; CAMPAIGNS; BEHAVIOR AB To access the potential of using the mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with AIDS prevention messages, we: 1) questioned 353 participants in a Baltimore IVDU cohort study on their media use and sources of AIDS information, 2) analyzed data on Baltimore AIDS public service announcement (PSA) airings during a 3-month period, and 3) discussed with media executives their willingness to air a variety of potential AIDS messages. Forty-seven percent of all respondents reported that they learned the most about AIDS from television. Participants watched television a median of 28 hours/week; 52% of IVDUs listened to radio greater-than-or-equal-to 12 hours/week. Eight hundred eleven AIDS television PSAs were aired, 37% of PSAs were placed on news programs; 53% of respondents watched news programs. Acceptability of hypothetical prevention messages (e.g., on sexual abstinence, condom use, or safer drug use practices) varied with media reach (national vs local) and type (television vs radio). We conclude that media could reach IVDUs with AIDS prevention messages. Television could be used to direct IVDUs to local prevention programs and provide safe/safer sex messages. Explicit and detailed AIDS prevention messages would be acceptable to some local radio stations. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,INFECT DIS PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DIV BEHAV SCI & HLTH EDUC,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP JASON, J (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP A25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0020-773X J9 INT J ADDICT JI Int. J. Addict. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 9 BP 837 EP 851 PG 15 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA LP994 UT WOS:A1993LP99400004 PM 8359944 ER PT J AU GENTRY, EM SALMON, CT WOOTEN, KG JASON, JM AF GENTRY, EM SALMON, CT WOOTEN, KG JASON, JM TI USING INDEXES TO DIFFERENTIATE DIMENSIONS OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED-STATES POPULATION, 1987-1989 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV TRANSMISSION; KNOWLEDGE AB The number of HIV-infected individuals is increasing, making it important for the public to understand not only how HIV is transmitted but also the lack of transmission risk associated with casual contact. Using CDC's National Center for Health Statistics National Health Interview Survey, we divided modes of transmission items into two areas of knowledge: ''True Transmission'' and ''False Transmission.'' Items were recoded with scores from 3 for the most correct response to 0 for the most incorrect response for each of three items related to true and each of eight items related to false transmission. Item and principal components factor analyses yielded two distinct dimensions (true factor loadings from 0.68 to 0.76, false factor loadings from 0.56 to 0.74). Mean scores of 8.3 (range 0-9) and 15.9 for 1987 (range 0-24) for true and false transmission indices, respectively, provide evidence that the population is highly knowledgeable about true modes of transmission but far less so about false modes. Knowledge levels have increased between 1987 and 1989, most meaningfully in the area of false transmission. Use of these indices will facilitate the monitoring over time of differential knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to HIV and AIDS. RP GENTRY, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KE095 UT WOS:A1993KE09500012 PM 8417179 ER PT J AU ADES, EW COMANS, TW NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW AF ADES, EW COMANS, TW NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW TI LACK OF EVIDENCE THAT HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS CAN INFECT HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HIV-1 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ADES, EW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KE095 UT WOS:A1993KE09500017 PM 8417169 ER PT J AU LAUTER, CB BLACKBURN, G CHISA, N SPIRA, TJ AF LAUTER, CB BLACKBURN, G CHISA, N SPIRA, TJ TI IDIOPATHIC CD4 LYMPHOPENIA - LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP IN 2 MALE-PATIENTS AND NO EVIDENCE OF HIV-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOTSFORD HOSP,FARMINGTON HILLS,MI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,ROYAL OAK,MI 48072. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 1 BP 146 EP 146 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA KK431 UT WOS:A1993KK43100022 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, LO POWELL, MK HANNON, WH MILLER, BB MARTIN, ML HANZLICK, RL VROON, D SEXSON, WR AF HENDERSON, LO POWELL, MK HANNON, WH MILLER, BB MARTIN, ML HANZLICK, RL VROON, D SEXSON, WR TI RADIOIMMUNOASSAY SCREENING OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT MATERIALS FOR BENZOYLECGONINE SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD; COCAINE; DRUGS; METABOLITES; PREGNANCY; SAMPLES; ABUSE; EMIT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FULTON CTY MED EXAMINERS OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30303. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30335. RP HENDERSON, LO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,F-19,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA KH434 UT WOS:A1993KH43400011 PM 8429627 ER PT J AU WING, JS AF WING, JS TI ASTHMA IN THE INNER-CITY - A GROWING PUBLIC-HEALTH CONCERN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Editorial Material RP WING, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.3109/02770909309056750 PG 4 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA MZ757 UT WOS:A1993MZ75700001 PM 8244911 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, O WAHLBERG, J PETTERSON, B UHLEN, M POPOVIC, T WACHSMUTH, IK FIELDS, PI AF OLSVIK, O WAHLBERG, J PETTERSON, B UHLEN, M POPOVIC, T WACHSMUTH, IK FIELDS, PI TI USE OF AUTOMATED SEQUENCING OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-GENERATED AMPLICONS TO IDENTIFY 3 TYPES OF CHOLERA-TOXIN SUBUNIT-B IN VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EL-TOR; ENTEROTOXINS; EPITOPES; GENES AB Cholera toxin is the principal factor causing the profuse intestinal fluid secretion that is characteristic of cholera. The DNA sequences of the cholera toxin subunit B structural genes from 45 Vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated in 29 countries over a period of 70 years were determined by automated DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-generated amplicons. Three types of cholera toxin B subunit gene (ctxB) were identified. Genotype 1 was found in strains of classical biotype worldwide and El Tor biotype strains associated with the U.S. Gulf Coast, genotype 2 was found in El Tor biotype strains from Australia, and genotype 3 was found in El Tor biotype strains from the seventh pandemic and the recent Latin American epidemic. All base changes correspond to an amino acid substitution in the B subunit of the cholera toxin. Heterogenicity in the B subunit could have implications for vaccine development and diagnostic tests for cholera toxin and antitoxin. We conclude that this technology provides timely and potentially useful epidemiological information. C1 NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,OSLO 1,NORWAY. ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM,S-10044 STOCKHOLM 70,SWEDEN. RP OLSVIK, O (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 124 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC718 UT WOS:A1993KC71800004 PM 7678018 ER PT J AU OZANNE, G DHALEWYN, MA LARSEN, SA AF OZANNE, G DHALEWYN, MA LARSEN, SA TI COMPARISON OF THE FLUORESCENT TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY ABSORPTION (FTA-ABS) TEST WITH THE FTA-ABS DOUBLE STAINING TEST FOR DETECTION OF ANTITREPONEMAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M IN THE 19S FRACTION OF HUMAN SERUM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; DIAGNOSIS AB A widely used immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection assay for the diagnosis of neonatal congenital syphilis is the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test used with fractionated serum (FTA-ABS 19S IgM test). Reading the results of the FTA-A.BS test is more cumbersome than reading those of the FTA-ABS double staining (FTA-ABS-DS) test, a confirmatory test for specific IgG. To verify that the FTA-ABS-DS test used with an anti-human IgM conjugate could detect specific IgM in fractionated serum samples (FTA-ABS-DS 19S IgM test), 164 fractionated (QUIK-SEP IgM Isolation System; ISOLAB, Inc., Akron, Ohio) serum specimens from infected neonates or adults or from IgG-seronegative subjects were tested by both techniques. The sensitivity limits of the two tests were assessed with reactive serum samples diluted to an endpoint titer. Samples nonreactive by the FTA-ABS 19S IgM test (n = 74) were either nonreactive (n = 65), minimally reactive (n = 5), or reactive (n = 4) by the FTA-ABS-DS 19S IgM test. Samples minimally reactive by the FTA-ABS 19S IgM test (n = 32) were minimally reactive (n = 1) or reactive (n = 31) by the double staining test. All samples reactive by the FTA-ABS 19S IgM test (n = 58) were also reactive by the FTA-ABS-DS 19S IgM test. There was a directly proportional linear relationship (r = 0.9794) between titers obtained by both tests. FTA-ABS-DS 19S IgM titers were constantly equal to or higher than FTA-ABS 19S IgM titers. Fluorescence intensity reading repeatability was 91.4% for the FTA-ABS-DS 19S IgM test and 81.7% for the FTA-ABS 19S IgM test (P = 0.015). Because the more easily read FTA-A.BS-DS 19S IgM test is at least as sensitive as, if not more sensitive than, the FTA-ABS 19S IgM test, it is a good alternative to the latter test for the detection of specific IgM in human fractionated sera for those using fluorescence microscopes with incident light. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OZANNE, G (reprint author), LAB SANTE PUBL QUEBEC,20045 CHEMIN ST MARIE,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3R5,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC718 UT WOS:A1993KC71800019 PM 7678016 ER PT J AU JONES, D ANDERSON, B OLSON, J GREENE, C AF JONES, D ANDERSON, B OLSON, J GREENE, C TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; TYPHUS; DIAGNOSIS AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting human immunoglobulin G to spotted fever group rickettsiae was developed and tested. The assay uses proteinase K-resistant material, characteristic of the rickettsial lipopolysaccharides shown to be group specific by immunoblots, as the antigen. The results indicate that the assay provides a sensitive, yet specific, alternative method for diagnosing rickettsial diseases. RP JONES, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 138 EP 141 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC718 UT WOS:A1993KC71800026 PM 8417018 ER PT J AU SANDEN, GN CASSIDAY, PK BARBAREE, JM AF SANDEN, GN CASSIDAY, PK BARBAREE, JM TI RAPID IMMUNODOT TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFYING BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB We developed and evaluated a rapid test with monoclonal antibodies to identify cultures of Bordetella Pertussis. Samples of 5 mul of cells suspended in formalin-saline were dried onto a nitrocellulose disk. The disk was placed in a filtration device, and 5-mul volumes of murine monoclonal antibody directed against B. pertussis lipooligosaccharide and peroxidase conjugate were added consecutively, with washing after each addition. The disk was removed and immersed in peroxidase substrate solution. All of 66 B. pertussis isolates confirmed by direct fluorescent-antibody assay were correctly identified by using four different monoclonal antibodies. One of the monoclonal antibodies did not react with over 20 bacterial species tested, including other Bordetella, Acinetobacter, Haemophilus, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, and Staphylococcus spp. This technique detected greater-than-or-equal-to 2 mug of lipooligosaccharide per ml or greater-than-or-equal-to 5 x 10(8) B. pertussis cells per ml. This rapid procedure used small amounts of reagents, needed less equipment, and was less subjective and more specific than the direct fluorescent-antibody assay. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SANDEN, GN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 170 EP 172 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC718 UT WOS:A1993KC71800037 PM 8417027 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, KG NOEGEL, RA NELSON, WQ WILLIAMS, RC AF ORLOFF, KG NOEGEL, RA NELSON, WQ WILLIAMS, RC TI THE ROLE OF ATSDR PUBLIC-HEALTH ADVISORIES IN PROTECTING PUBLIC-HEALTH FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION - THE FOREST GLEN EXPERIENCE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB ATSDR issues public health advisories to alert the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state and local health departments, and the public of health hazards resulting from environmental contamination with hazardous substances. A public health advisory characterizes the hazard and recommends actions that are needed to prevent or mitigate the public health hazard. Responding to these recommendaions often requires cooperative efforts between federal, state and local environmental agencies and health departments. A case study, involving the Forest Glen Mobile Home Park in Niagara Falls, New York is presented to illustrate the public health advisory process. RP ORLOFF, KG (reprint author), US PHS,ATSDR,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF756 UT WOS:A1993KF75600006 ER PT J AU RICE, EW COVERT, TC WILD, DK BERMAN, D JOHNSON, SA JOHNSON, CH AF RICE, EW COVERT, TC WILD, DK BERMAN, D JOHNSON, SA JOHNSON, CH TI COMPARATIVE RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND ENTEROCOCCI TO CHLORINATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium were inactivated by free chlorine and monochloramine. Indigenous E. coli and enterococci in wastewater effluents were also inactivated. Selective bacteriological media specifically designed for the enumeration of the target microbes were utilized in the study. Results show that enterococci are more resistant than E. coli to chlorine disinfection. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1993 VL A28 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD987 UT WOS:A1993KD98700007 ER PT J AU BLACK, RA ROTA, PA GORODKOVA, N KLENK, HD KENDAL, AP AF BLACK, RA ROTA, PA GORODKOVA, N KLENK, HD KENDAL, AP TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO THE M2-PROTEIN OF INFLUENZA A-VIRUS EXPRESSED IN INSECT CELLS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; M2 PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IDENTIFICATION; BACULOVIRUS; RESISTANCE; AMANTADINE; SURFACE; DNA; M1 AB A recombinant baculovirus expressing the M2 protein from influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) virus (AA60 virus) was constructed. The expressed M2 protein was recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for the M2 protein and comigrated with the M2 protein from cells infected with AA60 virus on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the expressed M2 protein was present on the surface of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus. Immunoassays using the expressed M2 protein were able to detect antibodies to the M2 protein in serum samples from humans and ferrets infected with influenza A viruses. C1 ACAD SCI,INST MICROBIOL,RIGA,LATVIA. UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. RP BLACK, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 74 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-1-143 PN 1 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA KH927 UT WOS:A1993KH92700020 PM 8423445 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS SHAPIRO, CN AF MARGOLIS, HS SHAPIRO, CN TI CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF HEPATITIS-A VACCINE SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hepatitis A Vaccine CY JUN 10, 1992 CL RHODES, GREECE DE INFANT IMMUNIZATION; DISEASE ERADICATION; COMBINED VACCINES; RISK-GROUP VACCINATION ID A VACCINE; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; VIRUS; LIVE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VOLUNTEERS; COUNTRIES AB The prevention of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection should be greatly facilitated with the expected licensure of inactivated hepatitis A vaccines. In countries with a low endemicity of infection a number of high risk groups have been identified in which HAV infection occurs, and include both children and adults. In most other countries HAV infection occurs primarily in children. Thus, selective immunization of high-risk adults or children would not be expected to lower the overall rates of infection in most countries, and the eventual objective should be the integration of hepatitis A vaccine into the routine childhood immunization schedules. This would reduce disease incidence by preventing infections in children and by preventing infections in adults that are acquired from children. The elimination of a population susceptible to HAV infection through immunization could eliminate this well-known human disease, and the epidemiology of HAV infection suggests that eradication could be attainable with effective vaccines. RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 1993 VL 18 SU 2 BP S56 EP S60 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80380-0 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA MU464 UT WOS:A1993MU46400013 PM 8182276 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN MARGOLIS, HS AF SHAPIRO, CN MARGOLIS, HS TI WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hepatitis A Vaccine CY JUN 10, 1992 CL RHODES, GREECE DE HEPATITIS A; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROPREVALENCE ID A VIRUS; DRUG-ADDICTS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; COMMUNITY; ANTIBODY; PATTERNS; ANTIGEN AB Patterns of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and clinical disease differ worldwide, and correlate with socioeconomic conditions (and hygienic and sanitary conditions) of each geographic area. In least developed countries with very poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, HAV spreads readily, and most persons are infected as young children. Because most persons become infected at an age when HAV infection is often asymptomatic, reported disease rates in these areas are low and outbreaks of disease are rare. In developing countries and some regions of developed countries, sanitary conditions are variable, and transmission can predominate in children, adolescents or adults, depending on the geographic region. Paradoxically, since HAV transmission occurs in these areas in older age groups compared with least developed countries where HAV transmission is highly endemic, reported rates of hepatitis A can be higher. In developed countries, sanitation and hygienic conditions are good, and infection rates in children are generally low. Communitywide epidemics can contribute significantly to the burden of disease, as can occasional day care center and common-source outbreaks. In some areas, disease tends to be among specific risk groups, such as travellers to hepatitis A endemic areas, and intravenous drug users among whom hygienic practices may be poor. As countries develop economically with improvement of sanitary conditions, overall endemicity of HAV infection decreases, and disease patterns may change. As the endemicity of HAV transmission decreases, the reported rate of clinical hepatitis A can increase, due to the shift in the average age of infection to an age when clinical illness is more frequent. RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH G37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 1993 VL 18 SU 2 BP S11 EP S14 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80371-X PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA MU464 UT WOS:A1993MU46400004 PM 8182265 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, FJ WOODRUFF, BA ERBEN, JJ COLEMAN, PJ REID, EC SCHATZ, GC KANE, MA AF MAHONEY, FJ WOODRUFF, BA ERBEN, JJ COLEMAN, PJ REID, EC SCHATZ, GC KANE, MA TI EFFECT OF A HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION PROGRAM ON THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HBSAG CARRIER STATE; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; PACIFIC AB In April 1991, surveys for serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were conducted among 3- to 4-year-old children born after a hepatitis B immunization program of newborns began and among 6- to 11-year-old children targeted for early childhood vaccination in American Samoa. Compared with 3- to 4-year-olds tested in 1991, children tested at baseline in 1985 were more likely to have been infected with HBV (5/40 vs. 2/93; prevalence ratio [PR] = 5.8, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1.2, 28.7) and to have chronic infection with HBV (3/40 vs. 0/95; PR = undefined, lower CL = 1.2). Compared with 6- to 11-year-olds tested in 1991, children in 1985 were more likely to have been infected with HBV (32/121 vs. 53/386; PR = 1.9, CL = 1.3, 2.8) and to have chronic infection with HBV (8/121 vs. 7/386; PR = 3.6, CL = 1.3, 9.8). The incorporation of hepatitis B vaccine into routine childhood vaccination schedules can prevent acute and chronic HBV infection in areas of high endemicity. C1 DIV HLTH SERV,OFF PUBL HLTH,PAGO PAGO,WESTERN SAMOA. US DEPT INTERIOR,OFF TERRITORIAL & INT AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. WHO,MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL SECT,COMMUNICABLE DIS SECT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP MAHONEY, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 1 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KE846 UT WOS:A1993KE84600031 PM 8418167 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED HUDSONWRAGG, M MSHAR, P CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL AF MINTZ, ED HUDSONWRAGG, M MSHAR, P CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL TI FOODBORNE GIARDIASIS IN A CORPORATE OFFICE SETTING SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID OUTBREAK; LAMBLIA AB Giardiasis is the most commonly reported intestinal protozoal infection worldwide, but its relatively long incubation period and often insidious onset make detection of common-source outbreaks difficult. Few well-documented foodborne outbreaks of giardiasis have been reported. In November 1990, such an outbreak among insurance company employees resulted in 18 laboratory-confirmed and 9 suspected cases of giardiasis. A case-control study of 26 ill and 162 well employees implicated raw sliced vegetables served in the employee cafeteria and prepared by a food handler infected with Giardia lamblia as the probable vehicle (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-22.7). This outbreak illustrates the potential for transmission of Giardia organisms to occur in commercial establishments through a frequently served food item. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV PREVENTABLE DIS,HARTFORD,CT. NR 8 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 1 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KE846 UT WOS:A1993KE84600044 PM 8418177 ER PT J AU ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL HURST, SF PERALTA, JM REISS, E AF ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL HURST, SF PERALTA, JM REISS, E TI EVALUATION OF CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE ISOLATION OF M-GLYCOPROTEIN FROM HISTOPLASMIN SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID M-ANTIGENS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CAPSULATUM; ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN AB Cation exchange chromatography was evaluated to purify the M antigen from histoplasmin (HMIN). Two H and M antigen-containing fractions, soluble (S) and precipitate (PP), resulted from the initial 0.025 M, pH 3.5 citrate buffer dialysis step. The PP fraction contained 62% of the M antigen activity and was resolubilized. Both fractions were chromatographed on CM Sepharose CL-6B. Polysaccharide C antigen was abundant in the S fraction and most of it did not bind to CM Sepharose. M antigen-enriched fractions were eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. Re-chromatography of the relevant S fraction (S-11) and PP fraction (PP-11) by linear gradient fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) removed protein and C impurities. M antigen purified by FPLC from the PP-11 fraction was depleted of other antigens when Western blots were probed with anti-M, anti-H and anti-C monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). M antigen was identified as a 94 kDa glycoprotein containing a specific-protein epitope and an epitope that reacted with a Mab against the polysaccharide C antigen. M antigen can be purified from HMIN by tandem cation exchange chromatography of the precipitable fraction on an open CM Sepharose CL-6B column followed by linear gradient FPLC. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS, FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ,MICOL LAB,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RI Zancope-Oliveira, Rosely /I-1955-2013 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KQ772 UT WOS:A1993KQ77200003 PM 7683335 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA CHAKRABARTI, A CHANDER, J KAUFMAN, L AF PADHYE, AA CHAKRABARTI, A CHANDER, J KAUFMAN, L TI CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS VAR GATTII IN INDIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Note AB An examination of 18 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from India revealed that 15 belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype A = 13 isolates, serotype AD = two isolates) and three belonged to C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B). This is the first documented record of the var. gattii and serotype AD of the var. neoformans occurring in India. C1 POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CHANDIGARH 160012,INDIA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KZ899 UT WOS:A1993KZ89900008 PM 8509953 ER PT J AU HOFFMANN, P HEINROTHHOFFMANN, I TORAASON, M AF HOFFMANN, P HEINROTHHOFFMANN, I TORAASON, M TI ALTERATIONS BY A THROMBOXANE A2 ANALOG (U46619) OF CALCIUM DYNAMICS IN ISOLATED RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; HUMAN-PLATELETS; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SYNTHETASE INHIBITION; CORONARY-OCCLUSION; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; INTRACELLULAR PH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL RAT AB The mechanism by which thromboxane A2 (TXA2) causes its detrimental actions on the myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion injury is unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of U46619, a stable TXA2 analog, on intracellular Ca transients in electrically stimulated single neonatal rat ventricular myocytes by using spectrofluorometric analysis of fura-2-Ca binding. Administration of U46619 increased basal and peak Ca concentrations as well as width of electrically induced Ca transients in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-1 muM) during a 1-hr exposure. Exposure to 10 muM U46619 caused irregular Ca transients and a marked increase in cytosolic-free Ca concentration. The effects of U46619 were antagonized by the TXA2 receptor antagonist SK&F95585 (2 muM), dibutyryl Cyclic AMP (1 mM), verapamil (1 muM) and ryanodine (1 muM). U46619 did not affect the increase in cytosolic Ca induced by KCl (90 mM) depolarization. Caffeine (10 mM)-induced Ca release from the sacroplasmic reticulum was enhanced markedly in U46619-treated cells. Significant lactate dehydrogenase leakage from the myocytes did not occur at 1 to 10 muM U46619. These results indicate that the increase in Ca transients by U46619 is a receptor-mediated process leading to a Ca accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum which is likely to be responsible for an enhanced cytosolic Ca during excitation-contraction coupling. Thus, the identification of U46619-induced alterations of Ca dynamics appears to provide, at the cellular level, a direct role for TXA2 during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. C1 NIOSH, CTR DIS CONTROL, CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT C23, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. MARTIN LUTHER UNIV, INST IND TOXICOL, O-4010 HALLE, GERMANY. MARTIN LUTHER UNIV, INST PHARMACOL & TOXICOL, O-4010 HALLE, GERMANY. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 264 IS 1 BP 336 EP 344 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KG484 UT WOS:A1993KG48400049 PM 8423535 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ AF KOLBE, LJ TI DEVELOPING A PLAN OF ACTION TO INSTITUTIONALIZE COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL-HEALTH EDUCATION-PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP KOLBE, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,K-32,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 63 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KU703 UT WOS:A1993KU70300004 PM 8096884 ER PT J AU CORTESE, PA AF CORTESE, PA TI ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL-HEALTH EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL HEALTH EDUCATION : BACKGROUND AND FUTURE PROSPECTS CY JUN 14-16, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CANC SOC RP CORTESE, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,K-31,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 63 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KU703 UT WOS:A1993KU70300006 PM 8468968 ER PT J AU LANCASTER, B AF LANCASTER, B TI CLOSING SESSION COMMENTS - MAKING IT WORK SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP LANCASTER, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,K-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 63 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KU703 UT WOS:A1993KU70300011 ER PT J AU GOOCH, B MARIANOS, D CIESIELSKI, C DUMBAUGH, R LASCH, A JAFFE, H BOND, W LOCKWOOD, S CLEVELAND, J AF GOOCH, B MARIANOS, D CIESIELSKI, C DUMBAUGH, R LASCH, A JAFFE, H BOND, W LOCKWOOD, S CLEVELAND, J TI LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR PATIENT-TO-PATIENT TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN A DENTAL PRACTICE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; OUTBREAK AB This report reviews data pertaining to the hypothesis that transmission of HIV to five patients of a Florida dentist with AIDS resulted from the patient-to-patient transfer of infectious materials through the reuse of contaminated instruments. Findings strongly suggest that patient-to-patient transmission of HIV through contaminated handpieces, prophylaxis angles or anesthetic needles or cartridges did not occur in this practice. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,W PALM BEACH,FL. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 124 IS 1 BP 38 EP & PG 0 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA KF876 UT WOS:A1993KF87600008 PM 8445142 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE RACINE, M ZAKI, SR AF AUSTIN, GE RACINE, M ZAKI, SR TI DOWN-REGULATION OF MYELOPEROXIDASE TRANSCRIPTION IN LEUKEMIC-CELLS IS ACCOMPANIED BY CHANGES IN NUCLEAR-PROTEIN BINDING TO PROMOTER AND ENHANCER DNA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA VA MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200499 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE ZHANG, W FARHI, DC ZAKI, SR AF AUSTIN, GE ZHANG, W FARHI, DC ZAKI, SR TI DETECTION OF LEUKEMIC BLASTS IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD SPECIMENS BY REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION (RT-PCR) ASSAY FOR MYELOPEROXIDASE MESSENGER-RNA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA VA MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200500 ER PT J AU BADDOURA, FK PELLETT, PE FARHI, DC COFFIELD, LM ZAKI, SR AF BADDOURA, FK PELLETT, PE FARHI, DC COFFIELD, LM ZAKI, SR TI DETECTION OF VIRAL GENOMES IN BONE-MARROW SMEARS FROM PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC APLASTIC-ANEMIA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200502 ER PT J AU BADDOURA, FK UNGER, ER MUFARRIJ, A NASSAR, VH ZAKI, SR AF BADDOURA, FK UNGER, ER MUFARRIJ, A NASSAR, VH ZAKI, SR TI LATENT EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS (EBV) INFECTION IS AN UNLIKELY EVENT IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOPROLIFERATIVE SMALL INTESTINAL DISEASE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,BEIRUT,LEBANON. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200501 ER PT J AU CHAN, WC HOOPER, C WICKERT, R BENSON, JM HINRICHS, S WEISENBURGER, DD AF CHAN, WC HOOPER, C WICKERT, R BENSON, JM HINRICHS, S WEISENBURGER, DD TI HTLV-1 SEQUENCES IN LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,OMAHA,NE 68105. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200514 ER PT J AU PEREZATAYDE, A ROGERS, BB OSHEA, PA GARY, GW KNISELY, AS AF PEREZATAYDE, A ROGERS, BB OSHEA, PA GARY, GW KNISELY, AS TI PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION, MYOCARDITIS, AND DEATH IN 3 CHILDREN SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS HOSP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A127 EP A127 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200751 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW BELLINI, WJ ROTA, PA AF ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW BELLINI, WJ ROTA, PA TI DETECTION OF MEASLES-VIRUS RNA SEQUENCES IN FORMALIN-FIXED PARAFFIN EMBEDDED TISSUES SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A107 EP A107 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200632 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR HAMDY, A GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM SCHWARTZ, DA AF ZAKI, SR HAMDY, A GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM SCHWARTZ, DA TI INFREQUENT DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA IN URINARY-BLADDER CARCINOMA BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND INSITU HYBRIDIZATION SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP A72 EP A72 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KJ102 UT WOS:A1993KJ10200420 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL FOLKS, TM HOOPER, WC AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL FOLKS, TM HOOPER, WC TI OVER EXPRESSION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR TYPE-I IN T-CELL LINES INFECTED WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; TAX GENE; HTLV-I; ACTIVATION; ONCOGENE; OVEREXPRESSION; LEUKEMIA AB To determine if aberrant expression of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors may be related to the cell transformation capabilities of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs), we examined the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), insulin receptor (INS-R), and insulin-like growth factor receptor type-I (IGFR-I) in cell lines infected with HTLV type I (MT-2, HuT-102) and HTLV type II (Mo-T). Levels of mRNA transcripts for IGFR-I were significantly higher in both MT-2, HuT-102 (HTLV-I) and Mo-T (HTLV-II) cell lines than in uninfected cell lines (HuT-78, Jurkat); no detectable levels of EGF-R or INS-R mRNA transcript were observed in HTLV-infected or uninfected cell lines. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that no amplification or rearrangement of the IGFR-I gene occurred in either the MT-2 or Mo-T cell line. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that while IGFR-I protein was constitutively expressed on the cell surface in both MT-2 and Mo-T cell lines, neither EGF-R nor INS-R proteins could be detected. Ligand binding studies with MT-2 and Mo-T cell lines demonstrating binding of I-125 insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-I) in a dose-dependent manner and this response could be inhibited by increasing concentrations of cold IGF-I. These data demonstrate that deregulated expression of functional IGFR-I, the regular component of the growth control machinery of normal cells, may contribute to cellular proliferation and eventual transformation in HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV ONCOL & HAEMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0145-2126(93)90138-B PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA KK671 UT WOS:A1993KK67100005 PM 8429677 ER PT S AU MULINARE, J AF MULINARE, J BE Keen, CL Bendich, A Willhite, CC TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS OF MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION AND OCCURRENCE OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO MATERNAL NUTRITION AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MATERNAL NUTRITION AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS, NICHHD, NIH, NIDDKD, BASF, BURROUGHS WELLCOME, R W JOHNSON PHARM RES INST, LEDERLE CONSUMER RP MULINARE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-753-0 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 678 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BX95R UT WOS:A1993BX95R00011 ER PT J AU TAN, WY BYERS, RH AF TAN, WY BYERS, RH TI A STOCHASTIC-MODEL OF THE HIV EPIDEMIC AND THE HIV-INFECTION DISTRIBUTION IN A HOMOSEXUAL POPULATION SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIDS EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS; SPREAD; VIRUS AB In this paper we develop a stochastic model for the HIV epidemic in a homosexual population and use the model to characterize the HIV infection distribution and seroconversion distribution. Through computer-generated infection distributions and seroconversion distributions, we assess the effects of various risk factors on these distributions. The fitting of some data sets generated by computer suggests that the three-parameter generalized log-logistic distribution should be assumed as the infection distribution for the proposed stochastic model of HIV epidemics. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TAN, WY (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 113 IS 1 BP 115 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0025-5564(93)90011-X PG 29 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA KH575 UT WOS:A1993KH57500006 PM 8431645 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, R AF ROTHENBERG, R TI CHRONICLE OF AN EPIDEMIC FORETOLD - A RESPONSE SO MILBANK QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HIV-INFECTION; INJECTION EQUIPMENT; CONTACT PATTERNS; COMMUNITY; MODELS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROTHENBERG, R (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0887-378X J9 MILBANK Q JI Milbank Q. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.2307/3350419 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA ML697 UT WOS:A1993ML69700002 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, IF QARI, SH MILLET, PG COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF GOLDMAN, IF QARI, SH MILLET, PG COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE OF PLASMODIUM-SIMIUM, A PLASMODIUM-VIVAX-LIKE MONKEY MALARIA PARASITE SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PLASMODIUM-SIMIUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; MALARIA ID FALCIPARUM; ANTIGEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DPD,MALARIA BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(93)90257-X PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA KG418 UT WOS:A1993KG41800019 PM 8426613 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS GARG, AK KAUFMAN, L KOBAYASHI, GS HAMIR, Z JALBERT, M MOLEDINA, N AF SEKHON, AS GARG, AK KAUFMAN, L KOBAYASHI, GS HAMIR, Z JALBERT, M MOLEDINA, N TI EVALUATION OF A COMMERCIAL ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF CRYPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article DE CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; LATEX AGGLUTINATION; MULTILABORATORY EVALUATION ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST AB A total of 143 cerebrospinal and serum samples, from proven and suspected cases of cryptococcosis, were concurrently examined using a recently introduced enzyme immunoassay (EIA Premier, Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) and three latex agglutination (LA) procedures (Immunomycologics, Inc., Norman, OK, USA; IBL, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA and a non-commercial LA test). Of these 143 specimens, 115 were negative for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) with the EIA and LA tests. The remaining 28 specimens were evaluated by the LA tests, and all were positive for CrAg (with titres ranging from 1:2 to 1:8192). Of these 28 LA-positive specimens, 26 were also tested by the EIA. This procedure detected CrAg in 23 specimens (88.5%), with antigen levels ranging from 1:4 to 1:266,857. There were 3 LA-positive specimens (titres 1:4 to 1:32) which were negative by the EIA procedure (10.7%). One LA-negative specimen demonstrated CrAg (titre 1:30) by the EIA procedure. The sensitivity of the EIA and LA tests was 85.2 and 100%, respectively. The specificity of the LA test was 100%, whereas that of the EIA was 97%. The agreement among laboratories for testing the specimens with the three LA tests was 100%. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON T6G 2J2,AB,CANADA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA KY670 UT WOS:A1993KY67000006 PM 8316259 ER PT J AU DEBRITTON, RC HILDESHEIM, A DELAO, SL BRINTON, LA SATHYA, P REEVES, WC AF DEBRITTON, RC HILDESHEIM, A DELAO, SL BRINTON, LA SATHYA, P REEVES, WC TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES AND OTHER INFLUENCES ON SURVIVAL FROM CERVICAL-CANCER IN PANAMA SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; DNA; ASSOCIATION; CARCINOMA; P53; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TYPE-16 AB Objective: To determine the influence on survival from cervical cancer of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and other factors including age, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody status, and number of pregnancies. Methods: We followed 196 women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer in Panama for an average of 32 months. Clinical and risk-factor information was obtained from these women through an interview and review of medical records. We assessed HPV DNA status by testing tumor specimens using polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot, and slot blot techniques. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the risk of mortality associated with selected variables. Results: Eighty-one percent (N = 144) of the women tested for HPV were positive. Absence of HPV DNA was associated with a 1.9-fold excess risk of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.3) after controlling for age, clinical stage at diagnosis, number of pregnancies, and HSV-2 seropositivity. Women diagnosed with cervical cancer before the age of 30 had a ninefold excess risk of dying compared with those diagnosed at age 50 or older (relative risk [RR] 9.3, 95% CI 3.4-25.5). Parity was also an independent prognostic factor. Women with six or more pregnancies had a 2.5-fold excess risk of dying compared with women with three or fewer (95% CI 1.2-5.3). Years of education, presence of HSV-2 antibodies, age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, oral contraceptive use, and cigarette smoking were not significantly associated with prognosis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that women negative for HPV DNA, those who are diagnosed at an early age, and those who have multiple pregnancies might have more aggressive tumors. C1 NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,6130 EXECUT BLVD,EPN ROOM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,MOLEC VIROL & IMMUNOL PROGRAM,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NATL ONCOL INST,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. SMITHSONIAN INST,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R01-CA-42042] NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 81 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA KE011 UT WOS:A1993KE01100004 PM 8380103 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM READ, JA RAWLINGS, JS HARLASS, FB SARNO, AP RHODES, PH AF ADAMS, MM READ, JA RAWLINGS, JS HARLASS, FB SARNO, AP RHODES, PH TI PRETERM DELIVERY AMONG BLACK-AND-WHITE ENLISTED WOMEN IN THE UNITED-STATES-ARMY SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANCY; POPULATION AB Objective: To examine black-white differences in preterm delivery in a healthy population who had unrestricted access to prenatal care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 842 black and 1026 white enlisted servicewomen who delivered a singleton infant of 20 or more weeks' gestation from July 1, 1987 through September 30, 1990 at four Army Medical Centers in the United States. Data were collected by reviewing maternal and newborn records. We used logistic and proportional hazards regression models to analyze outcomes defined by length of gestation, cause of preterm delivery, and jointly by length and cause. Results: Black enlisted women had a cumulative probability of preterm delivery (13.5%) that was higher than that for white enlisted women (10.5%) (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002-1.70). However, the ratio of black-to-white hazards was not uniform. Black-white differences were small and nonsignificant from 33-36 weeks' gestation, when most preterm deliveries occur. The differences were also small and nonsignificant for deliveries related to spontaneous rupture of membranes or idiopathic preterm labor, the most common causes of preterm delivery. The black-to-white hazard ratios were greatest for all deliveries before 33 weeks' gestation and for medically indicated preterm deliveries. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce black-white differences in preterm delivery must go beyond providing prenatal care and eliminating recreational drug use. Future studies should consider black-white differences in environments during the mother's own development and in psychosocial and physical stresses during pregnancy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USA,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL,TACOMA,WA. USA,MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEWBORN MED,TACOMA,WA. TEXAS TECH ACAD HLTH CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,EL PASO,TX. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,1600 CLIFTON RD K23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 81 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA KE011 UT WOS:A1993KE01100013 PM 8416464 ER PT J AU HEARL, FJ HEWETT, P AF HEARL, FJ HEWETT, P TI PROBLEMS IN MONITORING DUST LEVELS WITHIN MINES SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP HEARL, FJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 93 EP 108 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KR568 UT WOS:A1993KR56800007 PM 8456351 ER PT S AU ROGERS, MF CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML SIMONDS, RJ AF ROGERS, MF CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML SIMONDS, RJ BE Lyman, WD Rubinstein, A TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRIC AIDS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGIC, AND BASIC SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pediatric Aids: Clinical, Pathologic, and Basic Science Perspectives CY NOV 18-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID CHILDBEARING WOMEN; TUBERCULOSIS RP ROGERS, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-791-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 693 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26251.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology GA BZ45X UT WOS:A1993BZ45X00002 PM 8267294 ER PT S AU PAREKH, B SHAFFER, N SCHOCHETMAN, G COUGHLIN, RT HUNG, CH GEORGE, JR AF PAREKH, B SHAFFER, N SCHOCHETMAN, G COUGHLIN, RT HUNG, CH GEORGE, JR BE Lyman, WD Rubinstein, A TI HIV-1 SPECIFIC IGG CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF HIV-1 ANTIBODY AND TO DIAGNOSE HIV-1 INFECTION IN INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC AIDS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGIC, AND BASIC SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pediatric Aids: Clinical, Pathologic, and Basic Science Perspectives CY NOV 18-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH,WORCESTER,MA 01605. RP PAREKH, B (reprint author), CDC,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-791-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 693 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26279.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology GA BZ45X UT WOS:A1993BZ45X00030 PM 8267275 ER PT S AU GEORGE, JR PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, RT HUNG, CH ROGERS, M SCHOCHETMAN, G AF GEORGE, JR PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, RT HUNG, CH ROGERS, M SCHOCHETMAN, G BE Lyman, WD Rubinstein, A TI DETECTION OF HIV-1 IGA BY AN IGA CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC AIDS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGIC, AND BASIC SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pediatric Aids: Clinical, Pathologic, and Basic Science Perspectives CY NOV 18-21, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID INFECTION; ANTIBODIES C1 CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH,WORCESTER,MA. RP GEORGE, JR (reprint author), CDC,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-791-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 693 BP 272 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26280.x PG 3 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology; Pediatrics; Virology GA BZ45X UT WOS:A1993BZ45X00031 PM 8267276 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA KAUFMANN, AF ADAMS, WG PHELPS, MB ANDREASEN, C LANGKOP, CW FRANCIS, BJ WENGER, JD AF JACKSON, LA KAUFMANN, AF ADAMS, WG PHELPS, MB ANDREASEN, C LANGKOP, CW FRANCIS, BJ WENGER, JD TI OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SWIMMING SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LEPTOSPIROSIS; WATERBORNE DISEASE; OUTBREAK ID WATERBORNE AB Between July 7 and 18, 199 1, five boys from a small town in rural Illinois experienced the onset of an acute febrile illness subsequently confirmed as leptospirosis by serologic tests. A cohort study found that swimming in a small swimming hole, Steel Tunnel Pond, was associated with disease (P < 0.01), the attack rate being 28%. Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa was isolated from urine cultures from two of the case patients and from a culture of Steel Tunnel Pond water. A high seroprevalence for grippotyphosa was found in animals near the pond. Drought conditions had been present in the month before the outbreak, creating an environment in the pond which probably facilitated transmission of the organism from area animals to humans. Although leptospirosis is infrequently reported in humans in the United States, it is endemic in animals and the potential for outbreaks exists, especially when environmental conditions are favorable. C1 LASALLE CTY HLTH DEPT,OTTAWA,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL. RP JACKSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1097/00006454-199301000-00011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KF691 UT WOS:A1993KF69100012 PM 8417426 ER PT J AU VELAZQUEZ, FR CALVA, JJ GUERRERO, ML MASS, D GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK RUIZPALACIOS, GM AF VELAZQUEZ, FR CALVA, JJ GUERRERO, ML MASS, D GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK RUIZPALACIOS, GM TI COHORT STUDY OF ROTAVIRUS SEROTYPE PATTERNS IN SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS IN MEXICAN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; COHORT STUDY; ROTAVIRUS SEROTYPES ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; 1ST 2 YEARS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RURAL BANGLADESH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A cohort of 200 Mexican children from a low income periurban community was monitored from birth to the age of 2 years to determine the serotype-specific incidence, morbidity and seasonal pattern of symptomatic and asymptomatic human rotavirus (HRV) infections. A total of 177 HRV infections occurred in 134 (67%) children; 50% of these infections were asymptomatic. The incidence of all HRV infections was 0.6 episode/child year and was inversely related to age (r = -0.93; p < 0.01). The HRV-associated diarrhea was 0.3 episode/child year, with the highest frequency and severity occurring in infants between 4 and 6 months of age HRV infections were more frequent each autumn, with a changing sequential pattern of predominant serotypes. Overall serotype 3 (34%) was the most frequent, followed by serotypes 1 (16%), 2 (15%) and 4 (6%). The 4 serotypes were associated with a similar risk for diarrhea and severity of diarrhea. In 23 (26%) HRV diarrhea-associated infections, an additional enteropathogen was identified, these mixed infections were more frequent in older children (chi square, 4.45; P < 0.05) but were not more severe (chi square, 0.02; P > 0.05). Our data indicate that HRV infections were common early in life, seasonal, frequently asymptomatic and caused by a variety of serotypes, none of which was a risk factor for diarrhea or severity of diarrhea. C1 INST NACL NUTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,VASCO QUIROGA 15,DELEGAC TLALPAN,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77225. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13021] NR 46 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KF691 UT WOS:A1993KF69100013 PM 8380235 ER PT J AU VALLEROY, LA HARRIS, JR WAY, PO AF VALLEROY, LA HARRIS, JR WAY, PO TI THE CONSEQUENCES OF HIV/AIDS IN EASTERN AFRICA ON MOTHERS, CHILDREN, AND ORPHANS SO POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE CY FEB, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC ADV SCI AB Orphanhood is a sad and unique problem of the HIV pandemic, compared with other epidemics, for generally both parents will be infected and will tend to die during young adulthood, leaving behind young children. The rising morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected mothers and fathers threaten to decrease the care and resources spent on children and to increase the prevalence of orphanhood. However, the extent and impact of orphanhood due to HIV/AIDS are not known. This paper presents two aspects of HIV infection and its impact on women and children in sub-Saharan Africa: the results of two analyses of the HIV-attributable mortality of mothers and the orphanhood of their young children. C1 US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. US BUR CENSUS,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP VALLEROY, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 SN 0199-0039 J9 POPUL ENVIRON JI Popul. Env. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1007/BF01254377 PG 5 WC Demography; Environmental Studies SC Demography; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM475 UT WOS:A1993KM47500007 ER PT J AU SMITH, JS SEIDEL, HD AF SMITH, JS SEIDEL, HD TI RABIES - A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD DISEASE SO PROGRESS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS; GENOME; NUCLEOPROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; STRAIN; GENE; RNA RP SMITH, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0079-645X J9 PROG MED VIROL JI Prog. Med. Virol. PY 1993 VL 40 BP 82 EP 106 PG 25 WC Virology SC Virology GA KN660 UT WOS:A1993KN66000004 PM 8438079 ER PT J AU MCGINNIS, JM KOLBE, LJ AF MCGINNIS, JM KOLBE, LJ TI IMPROVING ADOLESCENT HEALTH - RESEARCH TO GUIDE ACTION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCGINNIS, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200001 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ KANN, L COLLINS, JL AF KOLBE, LJ KANN, L COLLINS, JL TI OVERVIEW OF THE YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USE; SCHOOL C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 66 TC 208 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200002 PM 8210269 ER PT J AU WAXWEILER, RJ HAREL, Y OCARROLL, PW AF WAXWEILER, RJ HAREL, Y OCARROLL, PW TI MEASURING ADOLESCENT BEHAVIORS RELATED TO UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HELMET-USE; PREVENTION; CHILDREN C1 CDC,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. RP WAXWEILER, RJ (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200003 PM 8210267 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO MOORE, M GERBER, AR CAMPBELL, CH DILLON, BA WEST, GR AF VALDISERRI, RO MOORE, M GERBER, AR CAMPBELL, CH DILLON, BA WEST, GR TI A STUDY OF CLIENTS RETURNING FOR COUNSELING AFTER HIV TESTING - IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVING RATES OF RETURN SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RISK ASSESSMENT; PERCEPTION; PROGRAMS; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Pretest and posttest counseling have become standard components of prevention-oriented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing programs. However, not all persons who receive pretest counseling and testing return for posttest counseling. Records of 557,967 clients from January through December 1990, representing more than 40 percent of all publicly funded HIV counseling and testing, were analyzed to determine variables independently associated with returning for HIV posttest counseling. On average, 63 percent of clients returned for posttest counseling. The rate varied by self-reported risk behavior, sex, race or ethnicity, age, site of counseling and testing, reason for visit, and HIV serostatus. In multivariate logistic models, persons who were young, African American, and pretest counseled in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics or family planning clinics were least likely to return for posttest counseling. Those clients who consider themselves to be at risk for HIV infection may be more likely to act on that perception and to follow through with posttest counseling than those who do not perceive risk. Counselors should make special efforts during pretest counseling to encourage adolescents, members of racial or ethnic minorities, and persons seen in STD and family planning clinics to return for posttest counseling by helping them understand and accept their own personal risk of HIV infection. Counselors need to establish, with the client's participation, a specific plan for receiving test results and posttest counseling. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR,MS E07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 108 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL046 UT WOS:A1993KL04600003 PM 8434087 ER PT J AU OCARROLL, PW HAREL, Y WAXWEILER, RJ AF OCARROLL, PW HAREL, Y WAXWEILER, RJ TI MEASURING ADOLESCENT BEHAVIORS RELATED TO INTENTIONAL INJURIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS; FAMILY VIOLENCE; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; HOMICIDE C1 CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. RP OCARROLL, PW (reprint author), CDC,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200004 PM 8210268 ER PT J AU MARCUS, SE GIOVINO, GA PIERCE, JP HAREL, Y AF MARCUS, SE GIOVINO, GA PIERCE, JP HAREL, Y TI MEASURING TOBACCO USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SMOKING C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR CANC,DEPT CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. RP MARCUS, SE (reprint author), NIDR,EPIDEMIOL & ORAL DIS PREVENT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200005 PM 8210270 ER PT J AU TROWBRIDGE, F COLLINS, B AF TROWBRIDGE, F COLLINS, B TI MEASURING DIETARY BEHAVIORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EATING DISORDERS; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; SCOPE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP TROWBRIDGE, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200008 PM 8210273 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW PATE, RR PRATT, M AF HEATH, GW PATE, RR PRATT, M TI MEASURING PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SCHOOL SPORTS; EXERCISE; INJURIES; COLLEGE; DEATH; MANAGEMENT; FITNESS; WEIGHT C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DIV EXERCISE SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200009 PM 8210274 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD AF WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBTAINING HEALTH SCREENING AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; TRENDS AB Death and disability associated with breast and cervical cancer and hypertension can be reduced by early detection and treatment. The authors examined the rates for having obtained a Papanicolaou (Pap) test or pelvic examination, a breast physical examination, and a blood pressure test within the last 12 months among women of reproductive age in the United States in 1988, as reported by the 8,450 women interviewed for the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. Overall the annual rates of screening for women ages 15-44 Years for those tests were 67 Percent for a Pap test or pelvic examination, 67 percent for a breast examination, and 82 percent for a blood Pressure test. Standard recommendations for the frequency of screening and survey data were examined to see whether actual screening practice was consistent with those recommendations. More than 90 percent of women who had a family planning service visit within 12 months received each of the tests, regardless of who provided the service or who paid for the visit. Women who were not sexually active, women with little education or low income, American Indian women, Hispanic women, and women of Asian or Pacific Islander descent had lower rates of screening than others, regardless of their risk status. These findings strongly suggest that the likelihood of having obtained screening among women 15-44 years old is determined primarily by how often a woman uses health care, rather than by her risk of disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,FAMILY GROWTH SURVEY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CDC,NCCDPHP,OFF DIRECTOR,MS K41,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 108 IS 1 BP 76 EP 86 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL046 UT WOS:A1993KL04600012 PM 8434102 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, JW WILLIAMS, KN AF MCKENNA, JW WILLIAMS, KN TI CRAFTING EFFECTIVE TOBACCO COUNTERADVERTISEMENTS - LESSONS FROM A FAILED CAMPAIGN DIRECTED AT TEENAGERS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MASS-MEDIA; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; PROGRAMS AB Focus group research conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health suggested that the desire of teenagers to gain control over their lives would make them responsive to a counteradvertising strategy aimed at exposing the predatorY marketing techniques of the tobacco industry. On the basis of this strategy, the office developed draft print advertisements and a rough TV commercial featuring such theme lines as '' You get an image. They get an addict.'' In those ads, ''they'' referred to cigarette companies. Subsequent testing of the campaign materials, however, indicated that the subtle, sophisticated execution of this concept of manipulation by the industry did not communicate clearly and effectively to an audience of young teens. In fact, 38 percent of those who viewed the rough TV spot believed that the main message promoted smoking. These negative test findings underscore the critical need for ongoing audience research throughout the creative process to ensure that campaign planners stay ''in tune'' with their consumers. RP MCKENNA, JW (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,HLTH COMMUN BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 1993 VL 108 SU 1 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB812 UT WOS:A1993MB81200013 PM 8210278 ER PT J AU CHORBA, TL HOLMAN, RC EVATT, BL AF CHORBA, TL HOLMAN, RC EVATT, BL TI HETEROSEXUAL AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF AIDS IN THE HEMOPHILIA COMMUNITY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; HTLV-III; FACTOR-VIII; INFECTION; HIV; PARTNERS; SPOUSES; WOMEN AB Growing awareness of the potential modes of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has encouraged interest in the epidemiology of infection among sexual partners and children of HIV-infected persons. The authors reviewed data on two groups, the first being those with HIV infection acquired heterosexually from a person whose hemophilia, or other chronic bleeding disorder, was treated with blood products. The second group was children with HIV infection acquired from a mother (vertical transmission) who either had been treated for a chronic bleeding disorder or had been the heterosexual partner of a person being treated. Surveillance data were examined for cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, diagnosed before January 1, 1992, and for whom the only identified risk factor was being either the heterosexual partner or the child of a parent with a chronic bleeding disorder. Of the cases examined, 107 were in persons who were heterosexual partners of persons with chronic bleeding disorders. Of the 107, 98 (92 percent) were women and 87 (81 percent) were white; all were 17 years of age or older. In addition to the 107, there were 14 children, 10 (71 percent) of whom were diagnosed with AIDS in the first year of life. The rate of increase in such cases has not been as great in recent years as that observed early in the primary epidemic of AIDS among persons with hemophilia and other chronic bleeding disorders. These data underscore the risk of HIV transmission among heterosexually active couples, if one partner is seropositive, and the risk of transmission to offspring. Estimates of the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual women partners of HIV-infected men with hemophilia are comparable to estimates for women who had heterosexual contact with spouses infected with HIV from transfusions with cellular products. However, better data for estimates of persons at risk are needed to obtain more accurate comparisons. C1 CDC,NCID,DIV HOST FACTORS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCID,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHORBA, TL (reprint author), CDC,NCIPC,MS F36,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 108 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL046 UT WOS:A1993KL04600015 PM 8434105 ER PT J AU LIANG, AP RENARD, PG ROBINSON, C RICHARDS, TB AF LIANG, AP RENARD, PG ROBINSON, C RICHARDS, TB TI SURVEY OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS NEEDED FOR STATE AND TERRITORIAL HEALTH OFFICERS, UNITED-STATES, 1988 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MANAGERS AB As part of efforts to develop training and career development experiences to enhance leadership skills among public health officials, the Public Health Foundation, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National Association of County Health Officials, United States Conference of Local Health Officers, and Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, conducted a training needs assessment survey in 1988. Fifty-five State and territorial health officers were asked about potential knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that a prospective or new health officer might require in performing his or her job. Thirty-eight health officers returned completed questionnaires, a 69 percent response rate. For each KSA, respondents assigned scores from 1 (low) to 5 (high) to three different variables: the KSA's importance to job, as an initial ability of a new health officer, and as a desired ability for someone in that job. Of 78 KSAs, those scoring in the top 25 percent for importance to job were identified, and individual composite scores were calculated using the formula: (importance to job) x (desired ability minus initial ability). The top 10 mean composite scores ranged from 7.55 to 10.40 and were in five competence areas: public image (working with the community) (3 KSAs), policy development and program planning (3 KSAs); interpersonal skills (2 KSAs); agency management (1 KSA); and legal issues (1 KSA). These skills are not commonly acquired in schools of medicine or public health. Public health agencies should develop programs to assure that persons with leadership potential are identified early and given guided experiences and mentors, as well as specific training and education. Additional studies of public health officers are needed to develop and strengthen leadership KSAs among new health officers. RP LIANG, AP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PHPPO,DPHS,MS E-20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 108 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL046 UT WOS:A1993KL04600017 PM 8434086 ER PT J AU BLAND, LA FAVERO, MS ARDUINO, MJ AF BLAND, LA FAVERO, MS ARDUINO, MJ TI SHOULD HEMODIALYSIS FLUID BE STERILE SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material RP BLAND, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAIL STOP C01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.1993.tb00253.x PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA KJ399 UT WOS:A1993KJ39900010 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS LINDAN, C BOLAN, G KEGELES, SM HEARST, N AF WEINSTOCK, HS LINDAN, C BOLAN, G KEGELES, SM HEARST, N TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CONDOM USE IN A HIGH-RISK HETEROSEXUAL POPULATION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; HIV INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; COCAINE USE; ADOLESCENTS AB The use of condoms has been advocated as a means of preventing the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted agents. To better understand factors that may influence condom use, 300 heterosexuals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study of patients attending San Francisco's only public sexually transmitted disease clinic. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were conducted. Condom use at last sexual intercourse was examined by logistic regression analysis. Men who used drugs or alcohol at last intercourse and whose partners did not want to use condoms were less likely to have used them; women who were black or Hispanic, who reported difficulty getting their partners to use condoms, or who reported that condoms decrease sexual pleasure also were less likely to have used them. Efforts to increase condom use in this population should target minorities, assist women to negotiate their use, emphasize the dangers of using alcohol and other drugs with sex, and address the perception that condoms interfere with sexual pleasure. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBLIC HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP WEINSTOCK, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1097/00007435-199301000-00004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA KK500 UT WOS:A1993KK50000004 PM 8430354 ER PT B AU KENNY, SJ AF KENNY, SJ GP SAS USERS GRP INT TI THE GENERATION OF A SERIES OF ANNOTATED AND TEMPLATED STATISTICAL GRAPHS USING SAS(R) MACROS SO SUGI 18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 18) CY MAY 09-12, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY SP SAS USERS GRP INT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 BN 1-55544-550-0 PY 1993 BP 747 EP 751 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA72C UT WOS:A1993BA72C00120 ER PT B AU JOHNSON, WE AF JOHNSON, WE GP SAS USERS GRP INT TI A SAS(R) MACRO TO CALCULATE STANDARD ERRORS FOR PROPORTIONS FROM SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING WITHIN STRATA SO SUGI 18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 18) CY MAY 09-12, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY SP SAS USERS GRP INT C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CDC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 BN 1-55544-550-0 PY 1993 BP 927 EP 932 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA72C UT WOS:A1993BA72C00153 ER PT J AU GNAORE, E SASSANMOROKRO, M KASSIM, S ACKAH, A YESSO, G ADJORLOLO, G DIGBEU, H COULIBALY, D COULIBALY, IM DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM AF GNAORE, E SASSANMOROKRO, M KASSIM, S ACKAH, A YESSO, G ADJORLOLO, G DIGBEU, H COULIBALY, D COULIBALY, IM DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM TI A COMPARISON OF CLINICAL-FEATURES IN TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 AND VIRUS-2 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WEST-AFRICA; AIDS; HIV-2; TYPE-2; RETROVIRUS; RISK AB Between July 1989 and December 1990, 4504 new adult patients with tuberculosis were screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) 1 and 2 in Abidjan's 2 tuberculosis treatment centres. The prevalence levels of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were 30.2% and 4.2% respectively, a further 9.3% of patients reacting serologically to both viruses. Patients in all 3 seropositive groups differed significantly from seronegatives in having a higher frequency of AIDS-related features such as wasting, chronic diarrhoea, oral candidiasis and generalized lymphadenopathy. These data support earlier work showing an association between HIV-2 infection and similar opportunistic diseases which complicate HIV-1 infection, including tuberculosis. Despite the differences between seropositive and seronegative groups, symptoms and signs of tuberculosis may mimic those of AIDS. HIV testing should be more widely available for the clinical care of tuberculosis patients in Africa, as well as for epidemiological surveillance. C1 CTR ANTITB,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GNAORE, E (reprint author), PROJECT PETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90420-U PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KR509 UT WOS:A1993KR50900019 PM 8385370 ER PT J AU VANLOON, FPL AF VANLOON, FPL TI CHOLERA - DEVELOPMENTS IN PREVENTION AND CURE SO TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE CHOLERA; VACCINATION; INTESTINAL PERFUSION; BANGLADESH ID STANDARD INTUBATION TEST; GASTRIC-ACID SECRETION; BREATH HYDROGEN TEST; SUBUNIT-WHOLE CELL; ABO BLOOD-GROUPS; FIELD TRIAL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; B-SUBUNIT; NONCHOLERA DIARRHEA; RURAL BANGLADESH AB The current pandemic of cholera coincides with a flurry of research activities in cholera prevention and cure, This article highlights important developments in cholera research, including key findings of a large-scale oral cholera vaccine trial, new insights in cholera epidemiology and risk factors, and recent directions in rehydration therapy and medical treatment of cholera. RP VANLOON, FPL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MS EO5,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TROPICAL GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE PI AMSTERDAM PA C/O ROYAL TROPICAL INST, KIT PRESS, MAURITSKADE 63, 1092 AD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-3232 J9 TROP GEOGR MED JI Trop. Geogr. Med. PY 1993 VL 45 IS 6 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MQ057 UT WOS:A1993MQ05700001 PM 8116056 ER PT S AU WARD, JW AF WARD, JW BE Brown, F TI TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED (T-A)-AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO VIROLOGICAL SAFETY ASPECTS OF PLASMA DERIVATIVES SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Virological Safety Aspects of Plasma Derivatives CY NOV 03-06, 1992 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP INT ASSOC BIOL STAND, WHO, COUNCIL EUROPE, EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA, INT SOC BLOOD TRANSFUS, US FDA, DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV RP WARD, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MS E47,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-5879-1 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1993 VL 81 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA BZ72N UT WOS:A1993BZ72N00005 PM 8174818 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA TI A SMALL OPEN READING FRAME OF THE HEPATITIS-DELTA VIRUS ANTIGENOMIC RNA ENCODES A PROTEIN THAT ELICITS ANTIBODIES IN SOME INFECTED PATIENTS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEPATITIS-DELTA VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; ANTIBODY ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENOME REPLICATION; TERMINAL PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; PREDICTION; POLYPEPTIDES; MECHANISM; WOODCHUCK; PRODUCT AB A small open reading frame (ORF) was found in the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antigenomic RNA encoding a short peptide that shares structural similarity with a region of the hepatitis B virus terminal protein. Analysis of all published HDV genome sequences indicates a high degree of conservation for the small ORF. This ORF is located at the 3'-terminal region of the gene encoding the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). We speculated that a peptide encoded by this ORF can be represented as the C-terminal domain of a new protein called HDAg'. This protein contains almost the entire sequence represented in the small form of HDAg and a peptide as an additional 'extension' sequence at the C-terminus. Two long synthetic peptides representing the two different types of peptides encoded by the small ORF were synthesized. These peptides were used for the development of an immunoassay for the detection of antibody to the HDAg' specific domain in sera of patients with HDV infection. Among 162 serum samples analyzed, 13 were found to be positive for an antibody reactive with these synthetic peptides. These antibodies were identified in patients with HDV infections and were not found in patients infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or non-A,non-B,non-C virus. Thus, these data support the identification and existence of a new antigen encoded by the antigenomic RNA of the HDV. C1 DI IVANOVSKII VIROL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90109-Z PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA KK589 UT WOS:A1993KK58900002 PM 8447179 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DW PIENIAZEK, NJ ROSE, JB AF JOHNSON, DW PIENIAZEK, NJ ROSE, JB TI DNA PROBE HYBRIDIZATION AND PCR DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM COMPARED TO IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 1992, AT THE 16TH BIENNIAL CONF AND EXPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, SPECIALIST GRP HLTH RELATED WATER MIC, ROBIOL DE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PCR; DETECTION; DNA PROBE; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AB There is a need for the development of methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium in environmental samples. Two assays which detect the DNA of this parasite were developed and compared to the traditional method of detection, immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Oligonucleotide primers hybridizing to small subunit ribosomal RNA coding sequences were used in the polymerase chain reaction to develop highly specific detection of Cryptosporidium species. The PCR assay could detect about 20-100 oocyst equivalents in clean samples, but the sensitivity was reduced in some environmental samples. Detection based on direct hybridization of repetitive DNA probes from C. parvum was also accomplished, but the assay was not as sensitive as PCR or IFA and yielded false positive signals with environmental samples. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JOHNSON, DW (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,13201 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LB968 UT WOS:A1993LB96800015 ER PT B AU SAUTER, S HALES, T BERNARD, B FINE, L PETERSEN, M PUTZANDERSON, V SCHLEIFER, L OCHS, T AF SAUTER, S HALES, T BERNARD, B FINE, L PETERSEN, M PUTZANDERSON, V SCHLEIFER, L OCHS, T BE Luczak, H Cakir, A Cakir, G TI SUMMARY OF 2 NIOSH FIELD STUDIES OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND VDT WORK AMONG TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NEWSPAPER WORKERS SO WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS 92: SELECTED PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Scientific Conference on Work with Display Units CY SEP 01-04, 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IBM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, ICL DATA, SIEMENS AG, SNI AG, TANDBERG DATA A S, VITRA GMBH, WALDMANN LICHTTECH GMBH, BERLINER BANK AG, COMMISS INT ECLAIRAGE, GESELLSCH ARBEITSWISSENSCH, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT INST INFORMAT DESIGN, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN INST HUMAN POSTURE RES, MATSUSHITA ELECT IND CO LTD, NEC CORP, OKI ELECT IND CO, VERBAND ARBEITSSTUDIEN & BETRIBSORG E V, TOSHIBA CORP, VDI EKV, VDI GESELL ENTWICKLUNG KONSTRUKT VERTRIEB, VERBAND DEUT MASCHINEN & ANLAGENBAU E V, VOLKSWAGEN AG C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89759-3 PY 1993 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA55V UT WOS:A1993BA55V00040 ER PT B AU SWANSON, NG SAUTER, SL AF SWANSON, NG SAUTER, SL BE Luczak, H Cakir, A Cakir, G TI THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF DATA-ENTRY OPERATORS SO WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS 92: SELECTED PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Scientific Conference on Work with Display Units CY SEP 01-04, 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IBM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, ICL DATA, SIEMENS AG, SNI AG, TANDBERG DATA A S, VITRA GMBH, WALDMANN LICHTTECH GMBH, BERLINER BANK AG, COMMISS INT ECLAIRAGE, GESELLSCH ARBEITSWISSENSCH, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT INST INFORMAT DESIGN, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN INST HUMAN POSTURE RES, MATSUSHITA ELECT IND CO LTD, NEC CORP, OKI ELECT IND CO, VERBAND ARBEITSSTUDIEN & BETRIBSORG E V, TOSHIBA CORP, VDI EKV, VDI GESELL ENTWICKLUNG KONSTRUKT VERTRIEB, VERBAND DEUT MASCHINEN & ANLAGENBAU E V, VOLKSWAGEN AG C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89759-3 PY 1993 BP 288 EP 291 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA55V UT WOS:A1993BA55V00051 ER PT B AU PAN, CS SHELL, RL SCHLEIFER, LM AF PAN, CS SHELL, RL SCHLEIFER, LM BE Luczak, H Cakir, A Cakir, G TI SPEED AND ACCURACY VARIABILITY AS AN INDICATOR OF FATIGUE AND BOREDOM IN A VDT DATA-ENTRY WORK SO WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS 92: SELECTED PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON WORK WITH DISPLAY UNITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Scientific Conference on Work with Display Units CY SEP 01-04, 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IBM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, ICL DATA, SIEMENS AG, SNI AG, TANDBERG DATA A S, VITRA GMBH, WALDMANN LICHTTECH GMBH, BERLINER BANK AG, COMMISS INT ECLAIRAGE, GESELLSCH ARBEITSWISSENSCH, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT INST INFORMAT DESIGN, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN INST HUMAN POSTURE RES, MATSUSHITA ELECT IND CO LTD, NEC CORP, OKI ELECT IND CO, VERBAND ARBEITSSTUDIEN & BETRIBSORG E V, TOSHIBA CORP, VDI EKV, VDI GESELL ENTWICKLUNG KONSTRUKT VERTRIEB, VERBAND DEUT MASCHINEN & ANLAGENBAU E V, VOLKSWAGEN AG C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89759-3 PY 1993 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA55V UT WOS:A1993BA55V00067 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS KRAWCZYNSKI, K JUDSON, FN MARES, A ALEXANDER, WJ HU, PY MILLER, JK GERBER, MA SAMPLINER, RE MEEKS, EL BEACH, MJ AF ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS KRAWCZYNSKI, K JUDSON, FN MARES, A ALEXANDER, WJ HU, PY MILLER, JK GERBER, MA SAMPLINER, RE MEEKS, EL BEACH, MJ TI THE NATURAL-HISTORY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED HEPATITIS-C IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; ACUTE NON-A; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; REGIONS AB Background. Chronic liver disease develops in more than half of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis C, but little is known about the natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C. Methods. In 1985 and 1986 we identified adults with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in four counties in the United States and followed them prospectively. We used three markers to detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in stored samples of serum: antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) detected by second-generation serologic assays; HCV RNA detected by polymerase-chain-reaction assay; and antibody to HCV antigen (anti-HCVAg) detected by fluorescent-antibody-blocking assay. Results. Of 130 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis, 106 (82 percent) had HCV infection, 93 were positive for anti-HCV, and 13 were positive only for HCV RNA or anti-HCVAg. Chronic hepatitis developed in 60 (62 percent) of 97 HCV-infected patients followed for 9 to 48 months, with no relation to the risk factors for infection. Ten of the 30 patients who had liver biopsies had chronic active hepatitis. In samples collected 42 to 48 months after the onset of hepatitis, HCV RNA was detected in 12 of 13 tested patients with chronic hepatitis and in all 15 tested patients with hepatitis that had resolved. Anti-HCV persisted in all but two of the initially positive patients, for a rate of antibody loss of 0.6 per 100 person-years. Conclusions. Patients with community-acquired hepatitis C have a high rate of chronic hepatitis. HCV may be a major cause of chronic liver disease in the United States, and in most patients HCV infection seems to persist for at least several years, even in the absence of active liver disease. C1 DENVER PUBL HLTH,DENVER,CO. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. TACOMA PIERCE CTY DEPT HLTH,TACOMA,WA. JEFFERSON CTY DEPT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL. PINELLAS CTY DEPT HLTH,ST PETERSBURG,FL. TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,TUCSON,AZ 85724. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [224-85-1001, 224-90-1002] NR 29 TC 1449 Z9 1466 U1 5 U2 23 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 31 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 27 BP 1899 EP 1905 DI 10.1056/NEJM199212313272702 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KE505 UT WOS:A1992KE50500002 PM 1280771 ER PT J AU GREGOR, MA VANAMBURG, G THRUSH, JC WILCOX, KR AF GREGOR, MA VANAMBURG, G THRUSH, JC WILCOX, KR TI UNINTENTIONAL DEATHS FROM CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING MICHIGAN, 1987-1989 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 881-889, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WEST-VIRGINIA C1 CDC,OFF STATE REGISTRAR,GRAND RAPIDS,MI. CDC,INJURY RES & CONTROL SECT,GRAND RAPIDS,MI. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BR,GRAND RAPIDS,MI. RP GREGOR, MA (reprint author), MICHIGAN COUNCIL INJURY CONTROL,GRAND RAPIDS,MI, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 23 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 24 BP 3419 EP 3419 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KC839 UT WOS:A1992KC83900009 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, RS PETERSEN, LR WARD, JW AF JANSSEN, RS PETERSEN, LR WARD, JW TI UNDIAGNOSED HIV-INFECTION IN ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP JANSSEN, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 17 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 25 BP 1816 EP 1816 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KB975 UT WOS:A1992KB97500016 ER PT J AU CLARK, F REED, R AF CLARK, F REED, R TI CHAPARRAL-INDUCED TOXIC HEPATITIS - CALIFORNIA AND TEXAS, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 812-814, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP CLARK, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 23 BP 3295 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KB732 UT WOS:A1992KB73200006 ER PT J AU LAUMARK, S WELCH, K AF LAUMARK, S WELCH, K TI NUTRITIONAL NEEDS SURVEYS AMONG ELDERLY - RUSSIA AND ARMENIA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 809-811, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV INT LIAISON,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAUMARK, S (reprint author), CARE,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 23 BP 3298 EP 3298 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KB732 UT WOS:A1992KB73200007 ER PT J AU STEINHART, R REINGOLD, AL TAYLOR, F ANDERSON, G WENGER, JD AF STEINHART, R REINGOLD, AL TAYLOR, F ANDERSON, G WENGER, JD TI INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE INFECTIONS IN MEN WITH HIV-INFECTION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; AIDS; BACTEREMIA; ADULTS; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE AB Objective.-To determine the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the proportion of disease due to serotype b. Design.-Population-based, active surveillance. Setting.-San Francisco (Calif) Department of Health. Participants.-All men 20 to 49 years of age with invasive H influenzae disease. Results.-The cumulative incidences of invasive H influenzae disease in men 20 to 49 years of age with AIDS and in HIV-infected men 20 to 49 years of age without AIDS were 79.2 and 14.6 per 100 000, respectively, but only 33% of cases were due to serotype b. The corresponding rates for invasive H influenzae b disease were 11.3 and 7.6 per 100 000. Conclusions.-Men with AIDS or HIV infection are at increased risk of invasive H influenzae infections, including H influenzae b, but such infections are still infrequent in this population. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,140 WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. BUR EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 23 BP 3350 EP 3352 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KB732 UT WOS:A1992KB73200028 PM 1453528 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD TI IMPROVED ASCERTAINMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS IN INFANTS WITH DOWNS-SYNDROME, ATLANTA, 1968 THROUGH 1989 - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF INCREASING RATES OF CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS IN SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DOWNS SYNDROME; HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; VENTRICULAR SEPTAL-DEFECT; DUCTUS-ARTERIOSUS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; PHENOTYPE; EPIDEMIC; TRENDS AB Several birth defects surveillance systems have shown an upward trend in the birth prevalence of several congenital cardiovascular malformations. Improvements in clinical ascertainment have been suggested as an explanation for this increase. For several decades, 40-50% of infants with Down's syndrome have been reported to have cardiac defects associated with the unbalanced genotype. Therefore, secular changes in the frequency of ascertained cardiovascular malformations among infants with Down's syndrome in surveillance systems could shed light on improvements in the ascertainment of these defects. The authors examined changes in the frequency of ascertained cardiovascular malformations among 532 cases of Down's syndrome recorded in the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program from 1968 through 1989. Overall, 33% of the cases have reported cardiovascular malformations. However, the frequency of these defects in Down's syndrome infants increased dramatically from about 20% in the early 1970s to more than 50% in the late 1980s (p = 0.0001). This upward trend was seen for all major categories of cardiac defects and persisted after the cases were stratified by race, sex, maternal age, hospital of birth, birth weight, and gestational age. These results show improvement in the ascertainment of cardiovascular malformations among Down's syndrome infants in a surveillance population. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that the increasing rates of cardiac defects are related, at least in part, to improved ascertainment of these defects in the population. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1457 EP 1464 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL891 UT WOS:A1992KL89100004 PM 1288275 ER PT J AU PARK, CH STEWART, W KHOURY, MJ MULINARE, J AF PARK, CH STEWART, W KHOURY, MJ MULINARE, J TI IS THERE ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANENCEPHALY; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; SPINA BIFIDA ID POLYCHOTOMOUS LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MATERNAL SMOKING; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SPINA-BIFIDA; CAUSAL HETEROGENEITY; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY; CANALIZATION AB Neural tube defects are thought to arise from two different embryologic mechanisms depending on the level of the defect: neurulation defects associated with anencephaly and upper spina bifida and canalization defects associated with lower spina bifida. To investigate whether the risk profiles of neural tube defect cases differ according to the level of the defect, the authors examined data from the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study. Cases were infants live- or stillborn from 1968 to 1980 with these defects, and controls were infants without defects randomly selected and frequency matched to cases by race, birth year, and hospital of birth. By multivariate polychotomous logistic regression, 1,186 controls were compared with cases: 145 with anencephaly, 59 with upper spina bifida (cervical/thoracic lesions), and 100 with lower spina bifida (lumbar/sacral lesions). Infant's sex and sibling recurrence of neural tube defects were the only factors for which the case subgroups significantly differed in risk. The risks associated with selected maternal exposures during the first trimester of pregnancy did not differ among the case subgroups. Although these results do not support the concept that upper and lower neural tube defects differ in risks from exogenous factors, differences in sibling recurrence and in risks by sex between the two groups suggest an underlying heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility factors. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1501 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL891 UT WOS:A1992KL89100008 PM 1288279 ER PT J AU BERN, C PALLANSCH, MA GARY, HE ALEXANDER, JP TOROK, TJ GLASS, RI ANDERSON, LJ AF BERN, C PALLANSCH, MA GARY, HE ALEXANDER, JP TOROK, TJ GLASS, RI ANDERSON, LJ TI ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS DUE TO ENTEROVIRUS 70 IN AMERICAN-SAMOA - SERUM-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AND SEX-SPECIFIC PROTECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CONJUNCTIVITIS, ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC; ENTEROVIRUSES ID HOUSEHOLD AGGREGATION; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE; TESTS AB Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 has caused extensive outbreaks in tropical areas since 1969. Between December 1, 1990, and March 4, 1991, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 occurred in American Samoa, where an outbreak due to the same agent had occurred in 1981. A survey of 5% of the households (134 households, 1,095 individuals) was conducted throughout the island of Tutuila. The outbreak affected 58% of the population, with age-specific attack rates greater than 50% for all age groups except children younger than 2 years. Attack rates were significantly higher for children 2-10 years old (65%) than in the remainder of the population. Women aged 21-40 years had higher rates than did men the same age (66 vs. 49%), possibly because of the close association of women and young children. At higher preepidemic titers, there was evidence of protection from clinical disease among males but not among females. Enterovirus 70 can cause large outbreaks even in a population already exposed in a previous large outbreak; protection due to previous infection is only partial. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOMETR ACTIV DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1502 EP 1506 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL891 UT WOS:A1992KL89100009 PM 1337662 ER PT J AU HADLER, SC DEMONZON, MA RIVERO, D PEREZ, M BRACHO, A FIELDS, H AF HADLER, SC DEMONZON, MA RIVERO, D PEREZ, M BRACHO, A FIELDS, H TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS-INFECTION IN THE YUCPA INDIANS OF VENEZUELA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEPATITIS VIRUSES ID SANTA-MARTA HEPATITIS; FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; LABREA HEPATITIS AB To define better the epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in less developed countries, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 216 Yucpa Indian HBV carriers in Venezuela. HBV carriers were followed regularly between 1983 and 1988 by physical examination, laboratory testing for liver enzymes and HBV and HDV markers, and epidemiologic history. Among the cohort, 74 (34%) were initially positive for HDV infection, and 35 additional persons became infected during the study. Risk factors for new HDV infection included living in southern Yucpa villages; being young adults (15-19 years) or young children (1-9 years), and living in a household with a person with acute HDV infection. Persons with HDV infection were at high risk of developing chronic liver disease; 56% of HDV-infected persons had moderate-to-severe chronic liver disease at the end of the study compared with none of the HBV carriers without HDV infection. Mortality rates were 6.9% and 8.8% per year, respectively, among initially HDV-positive HBV carriers and those with new HDV infection, because of rapidly progressive chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatitis; mortality was significantly lower in HBV carriers without HDV infection and in non-HBV carriers. HDV superinfection is a devastating disease in HBV carriers in tropical South America. Prevention of HBV infection with hepatitis B vaccine is the best available tool to reduce the impact of this problem. Am J Epidemiol C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT PUBL HLTH,MARACAIBO,VENEZUELA. MINIST HLTH,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL891 UT WOS:A1992KL89100010 PM 1288280 ER PT J AU KREBS, JW HOLMAN, RC HINES, U STRINE, TW MANDEL, EJ CHILDS, JE AF KREBS, JW HOLMAN, RC HINES, U STRINE, TW MANDEL, EJ CHILDS, JE TI RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1991 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS AB In 1991, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control. Ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic and northeastern states. Large increases in cases of rabies in animals were reported from Connecticut (200 cases in 1991, compared with 3 in 1990, an increase of 6,567%), Delaware (197 cases in 1991, compared with 44 in 1990, an increase of 348%), New York (1,030 cases in 1991, compared with 242 in 1990, an increase of 326%), and New Jersey (994 cases in 1991, compared with 469 in 1990, an increase of 112%). Other noteworthy increases were reported by Wyoming (96.4%), Texas (69.7%), California (41.3%), Oklahoma (33.1%), Minnesota (31.4%), Georgia (26.7%), and Maryland (23.7%). Hawaii reported 1 imported case of rabies in a bat. Only 16 states reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1991, compared with 30 in 1990. Pennsylvania and Iowa reported decreases of 40.6% and 27.4%, respectively. Rhode Island was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1991. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BIOMETR ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MOREHOUSE COLL,ATLANTA,GA 30314. RP KREBS, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 12 BP 1836 EP 1848 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KD036 UT WOS:A1992KD03600006 PM 1483899 ER PT J AU UHAA, IJ DATO, VM SORHAGE, FE BECKLEY, JW ROSCOE, DE GORSKY, RD FISHBEIN, DB AF UHAA, IJ DATO, VM SORHAGE, FE BECKLEY, JW ROSCOE, DE GORSKY, RD FISHBEIN, DB TI BENEFITS AND COSTS OF USING AN ORALLY ABSORBED VACCINE TO CONTROL RABIES IN RACCOONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE RACCOONS; HUMAN BEINGS; RABIES; VACCINATION; ECONOMICS ID PROCYON-LOTOR; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT; PROTECTION AB In November 1989, the epizootic of rabies affecting raccoons in the mid-Atlantic states reached New Jersey. An economic evaluation was conducted in 2 counties first affected by the epizootic to estimate the costs of the epizootic and to assess the costs and benefits of orally administering a newly developed recombinant rabies vaccine to prevent further spread of the disease. Data on expenditures associated with prevention of rabies in human beings and domestic animals and laboratory testing of suspect animals were collected and analyzed for 1988 (before the epizootic) and 1990 (first full year of the epizootic). Benefit-cost ratios were calculated and used to evaluate the economic advisability of the vaccine at various vaccination program alternatives. Two indices of capital investment analysis, payback period and net present value, were used to evaluate the economic benefits of the rabies vaccine. Expenditures were estimated to be $1,952,014 in 1990 (primarily for pet animal vaccinations), compared with $768,488 in 1988. Benefit-cost ratios ranged from 2.21 for the most expensive vaccination program alternative to 6.80 for the least expensive alternative. The payback period varied from 0.69 to 2.11 years, and the net present value ranged from $2,105,453 to $4,877,452. The high costs of this epizootic necessitated the reallocation of scarce public health resources to various rabies prevention activities, particularly the vaccination of dogs. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of benefit-cost analysis in developing public health strategies. Although the mass application of this recombinant vaccine was found to be economically beneficial, other qualitative considerations must be used to supplement these findings. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNICABLE DIS,VET PUBL HLTH UNIT,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE DIS PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ 08625. HUNTERDON CTY DEPT HLTH,FLEMINGTON,NJ 08822. STATE NEW JERSEY DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & PROTECT & ENERGY DIV FISH GAME & WILDLIFE,TRENTON,NJ 08625. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH MANAGEMENT & POLICY,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP UHAA, IJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 12 BP 1873 EP 1882 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KD036 UT WOS:A1992KD03600012 PM 1483905 ER PT J AU ELLERBROCK, TV LIEB, S HARRINGTON, PE BUSH, TJ SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ HOWELL, JT ROGERS, MF WITTE, JJ AF ELLERBROCK, TV LIEB, S HARRINGTON, PE BUSH, TJ SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ HOWELL, JT ROGERS, MF WITTE, JJ TI HETEROSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT-WOMEN IN A RURAL FLORIDA COMMUNITY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; CRACK; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AIDS; HIV AB Background. In the United States, an increasing proportion of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in nonmetropolitan areas. Little is known, however, about the risk factors for HIV transmission in women outside large cities. Methods. We interviewed and tested 1082 (99.8 percent) of 1084 consecutive pregnant women who registered for prenatal care at a public health clinic in western Palm Beach County, Florida. This rural agricultural area of about 36,000 people is known to have a high prevalence of HIV infection. Results. The seroprevalence of HIV was 5.1 percent (52 of 1011 women). Black women who were neither Haitian nor Hispanic had the highest rate of infection (8.3 percent [48 of 575]). Only 4 of 1009 women (0.4 percent) reported ever injecting drugs, and the 4 were HIV-sero-negative; however, 14 of 43 users of "crack" cocaine (33 percent) had HIV infection. At prenatal registration, 131 of 983 women (13 percent) tested positive for gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, or syphilis. By multivariate logistic-regression analysis, HIV infection was found to be independently associated with having used crack cocaine (odds ratio, 3.3; P<0.001), having had more than two sexual partners (odds ratio, 4.6; P<0.001), being black but neither Hispanic nor Haitian (odds ratio, 11; P<0.001), having had sexual intercourse with a high-risk partner (odds ratio, 5.6; P<0.001), and testing positive for syphilis (odds ratio, 3.1; P = 0.015). Nevertheless, 11 of the 52 HIV-infected women (21 percent) reported a total of only two to five sexual partners and no known high-risk partners, had never used crack cocaine, and had no positive tests for sexually transmitted disease. Conclusions. In the rural community we studied, most of the women with HIV infection acquired it through heterosexual contact. The increasing seroprevalence of HIV and the increasing incidence of syphilis and use of crack cocaine mean that other women may be at similar risk of acquiring heterosexually transmitted HIV infection. C1 FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,DIST 9 OFF,W PALM BEACH,FL. FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,AIDS PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP ELLERBROCK, TV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 10 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 24 BP 1704 EP 1709 DI 10.1056/NEJM199212103272402 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA897 UT WOS:A1992KA89700002 PM 1308669 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI BREAST-CANCER SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 10 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 24 BP 1755 EP 1755 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA897 UT WOS:A1992KA89700013 PM 1435920 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, JM MARTICH, FA SCHMID, GP AF SCHULTE, JM MARTICH, FA SCHMID, GP TI PUBLICATION OF CDC SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 629-630, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP SCHULTE, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 22 BP 3186 EP 3186 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA654 UT WOS:A1992KA65400009 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, CW KORLATH, JA DAOUST, JY WHITE, KE SCHELL, WL MILLER, MR CAMERON, DN MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT AF HEDBERG, CW KORLATH, JA DAOUST, JY WHITE, KE SCHELL, WL MILLER, MR CAMERON, DN MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLA-JAVIANA AND SALMONELLA-ORANIENBURG INFECTIONS DUE TO CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED CHEESE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHEDDAR CHEESE AB Objective.-To determine the source of an outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg infections. Design.-Laboratory-based statewide surveillance for Salmonella infections and two separate case-control studies. Setting.-Community- and industry-based studies conducted from May through October 1989. Participants.-Thirty-one culture-confirmed outbreak-associated cases of S javiana infection and 60 community controls matched for telephone prefix, gender, and age in case-control study I; 50 cases, 100 community controls, and 64 family member controls in case-control study II. Results.-One hundred thirty-six culture-confirmed cases of S javiana infection and 11 cases of S oranienburg infection were associated with the outbreak in Minnesota. Outbreak-associated cases were also identified in Wisconsin (15 cases), and in Michigan and New York (one case each). Cases were more likely than controls to have consumed mozzarella cheese manufactured at a single cheese plant (plant X) or cheese that had been shredded at processing plants that also shredded cheese manufactured at plant X (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 23.2; P<.01). The outbreak-associated strains of both serovars were isolated from two unopened 16-oz (0.45-kg) blocks of mozzarella cheese produced at plant X. The most probable numbers of Salmonella organisms in these samples were 0.36/100 g and 4.3/100 g. Conclusions.-The potential for bacterial pathogen contamination of cheese during manufacture and processing has important epidemiologic implications, particularly because cheese consumption has recently increased in the United States. Low-level contamination of a nationally distributed food product can cause geographically dispersed foodborne outbreaks that may be difficult to detect. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL FIELD SERV SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,DIV PUBL HLTH LABS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. HLTH & WELF CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,SIR FG BANTING RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP HEDBERG, CW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 22 BP 3203 EP 3207 DI 10.1001/jama.268.22.3203 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA654 UT WOS:A1992KA65400025 PM 1433759 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, CW LEVINE, WC WHITE, KE CARLSON, RH WINSOR, DK CAMERON, DN MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT AF HEDBERG, CW LEVINE, WC WHITE, KE CARLSON, RH WINSOR, DK CAMERON, DN MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT TI AN INTERNATIONAL FOODBORNE OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH A COMMERCIAL AIRLINE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PLASMID AB Objective.-To determine the source of an international outbreak of shigellosis associated with consumption of food served by a Minnesota-based airline. Design.-Cohort studies of players and staff of a Minnesota-based professional football team and passengers on flights with a confirmed case of outbreak-associated Shigella sonnei infection. Setting.-Community- and industry-based studies conducted from October through November 1988. Participants.-Sixty-five football team players and staff, and 725 airline passengers in the cohort studies. Results.-Twenty-one (32%) of 65 football players and staff developed shigellosis that was associated with consumption of cold sandwiches prepared at the airline flight kitchen (relative risk [RR], 17.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 120; P<.001). Confirmed or probable shigellosis was identified among 240 passengers on 219 flights to 24 states, the District of Columbia, and four countries between September 14 and October 13. An outbreak-associated strain of S sonnei was isolated from football players and staff, airline passengers, and flight attendants. Thirty (4.1%) of 725 passengers on 13 flights with confirmed cases had confirmed or probable shigellosis. Illness was associated with consumption of cold food items served on the flights and prepared by hand at the airline flight kitchen (RR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 23.5; P<.01). Conclusions.-This international outbreak of shigellosis was identified only because of the occurrence of an index outbreak involving a professional football team. Prevention of Shigella transmission in mass catering establishments may require reduction of hand contact in the preparation of cold food items or elimination of these items from menus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX 77025. RP HEDBERG, CW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,POB 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 9 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 22 BP 3208 EP 3212 DI 10.1001/jama.268.22.3208 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA654 UT WOS:A1992KA65400026 PM 1433760 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC SWENSON, JM MCDOUGAL, LK AF TENOVER, FC SWENSON, JM MCDOUGAL, LK TI SCREENING FOR EXTENDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE IN PNEUMOCOCCI SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 5 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8832 BP 1420 EP 1420 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92617-O PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KB202 UT WOS:A1992KB20200057 PM 1360135 ER PT J AU KOEHLER, JE QUINN, FD BERGER, TG LEBOIT, PE TAPPERO, JW AF KOEHLER, JE QUINN, FD BERGER, TG LEBOIT, PE TAPPERO, JW TI ISOLATION OF ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES FROM CUTANEOUS AND OSSEOUS LESIONS OF BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; AGENT; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMERASE; PATHOGENS; CULTURE AB Background. Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by vascular lesions, which occur usually in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A newly described gram-negative organism, Rochalimaea henselae, has been associated with cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis, but no organism has been isolated and cultivated directly from cutaneous tissue. Methods. We used two methods to isolate the infecting bacterium from four HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions suggestive of bacillary angiomatosis: cultivation with eukaryotic tissue-culture monolayers and direct plating of homogenized tissue onto agar. The patients' blood was cultured with the lysis-centrifugation method. Isolates recovered from skin and blood were identified by sequencing all or part of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified with the polymerase chain reaction. Results. R. quintana, historically known as the agent of trench fever, was isolated from cutaneous lesions in three patients, after tissue homogenates were cultivated with endothelial-cell monolayers; R. henselae was isolated from a cutaneous lesion in one patient. In two patients, R. quintana was isolated from both cutaneous tissue and blood; in one patient it was also isolated from bone. Conclusions. In bacillary angiomatosis, either of two species of rochalimaea - R. quintana or R. henselae - can be isolated from cutaneous lesions or blood, providing an additional method of diagnosis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT DERMATOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP KOEHLER, JE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,BOX 1204,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR07175-15] NR 33 TC 348 Z9 360 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 3 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 23 BP 1625 EP 1631 DI 10.1056/NEJM199212033272303 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA260 UT WOS:A1992KA26000003 PM 1435899 ER PT J AU DOLL, J FINK, TM LEVY, C SANDS, L ROBERTO, R SMITH, C DIXON, FR PIERCE, J BRUS, D MONTMAN, C BROWN, T REYNOLDS, P EIDSON, M SEWELL, CM LANSER, S TANNER, R NICHOLS, CR AKIN, DR BOHAN, P EMERY, W FULGHAM, R AF DOLL, J FINK, TM LEVY, C SANDS, L ROBERTO, R SMITH, C DIXON, FR PIERCE, J BRUS, D MONTMAN, C BROWN, T REYNOLDS, P EIDSON, M SEWELL, CM LANSER, S TANNER, R NICHOLS, CR AKIN, DR BOHAN, P EMERY, W FULGHAM, R TI PLAGUE UNITED-STATES, 1992 (REPRINTED BY MMWR, VOL 41, PG 787-790, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. ALBUQUERQUE ENVIRONM HLTH DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DOLL, J (reprint author), ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85034, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 2 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 21 BP 3055 EP 3055 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KA002 UT WOS:A1992KA00200008 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL REMINGTON, PL ANDA, RF SANDERSON, L ZAIDI, AA AF ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL REMINGTON, PL ANDA, RF SANDERSON, L ZAIDI, AA TI THE INFLUENCE OF SAFETY BELT LAWS ON SELF-REPORTED SAFETY BELT USE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; SEAT BELTS; ENFORCEMENT; LEGISLATION; INJURIES; COSTS AB We assessed rates and trends in safety belt use by presence and type of safety belt law using data from states participating in the 1984-1989 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. State(s) with a safety belt law allowing law enforcement officers to stop vehicles for occupants' failure to use safety belts (primary enforcement law) had greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use rates than did states with laws requiring that vehicles must first be stopped for some other violation before a citation or fine for occupants' failure to use safety belts could be imposed (secondary enforcement law). Larger and sustained increases in safety belt use occurred when safety belt laws became effective or when fines were imposed for violations than when laws were first enacted. These data suggest that primary enforcement laws result in greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use than do secondary enforcement laws, and that initial increases in safety belt use following implementation of laws are sustained. C1 US BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI 53701. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(92)90016-C PG 11 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA JR462 UT WOS:A1992JR46200008 PM 1388582 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM SACKS, JJ SATTIN, RW AF SOSIN, DM SACKS, JJ SATTIN, RW TI CAUSES OF NONFATAL INJURIES IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1986 SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Note AB During the 1986 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). data on injuries resulting in a doctor visit or restricted activity for at least a half day were collected and assigned E-codes. Based on 603 injuries, the estimated number of nonfatal injuries for civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. residents in 1986 was 60,212,000. The most frequent cause of injury was a fall (11,547,000), followed by motor vehicle traffic crashes (4,36 1,000) and adverse effects of drugs and biologics (3,363,000). While cause-specific detail was limited by small numbers of injuries in the sample, the NHIS can provide a valuable snapshot of the causes of nonfatal injuries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 685 EP 687 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(92)90022-B PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA JR462 UT WOS:A1992JR46200014 PM 1388588 ER PT J AU HU, DJ HEYWARD, WL BYERS, RH NKOWANE, BM OXTOBY, MJ HOLCK, SE HEYMANN, DL AF HU, DJ HEYWARD, WL BYERS, RH NKOWANE, BM OXTOBY, MJ HOLCK, SE HEYMANN, DL TI HIV-INFECTION AND BREAST-FEEDING - POLICY IMPLICATIONS THROUGH A DECISION-ANALYSIS MODEL SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV TRANSMISSION; BREAST-FEEDING; DECISION ANALYSIS; INFANT MORTALITY; UNDER-5 MORTALITY; POLICY IMPLICATIONS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; TYPE-1 INFECTION; INFANT; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; CHILDREN; MOTHER; IMPACT AB Objectives: (1) To develop a comprehensive decision analysis model to compare mortality associated with HIV transmission from breast-feeding with the mortality from not breast-feeding in different populations and (2) to perform sensitivity analyses to illustrate critical boundaries for guiding research and policy. Methods: Using a decision tree, mortality rates were estimated for all children, children born to mothers infected during pregnancy, and children born to mothers who were uninfected at delivery. Given various assumptions about child mortality rates, relative risks of mortality among children who are not breast-fed compared with those who are (R), rates of HIV transmission from breast-feeding, HIV prevalence, and HIV incidence, scenarios were created and sensitivity analysis used to delineate critical boundaries. Results. Our model shows that only in situations where R is approximately less-than-or-equal-to 1.5 and HIV incidence/prevalence is high (prevalence > 10%, incidence > 5%) would universal breast-feeding result in equal or higher mortality compared with non-breast-feeding. Among populations in many developing countries, where there is a high relative risk of mortality if breast-feeding is not practiced, if R > 3, overall mortality is almost always lower among children who are breast-fed, even by HIV-infected mothers. In situations where maternal HIV status is known, the decision whether to breast-feed is largely dependent on the magnitude of additional mortality risk if the child is not breast-fed. The model illustrates the importance of distinguishing between population and individual recommendations. Conclusions: Based on available data, the model supports current World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control recommendations on HIV infection and breast-feeding. Given the importance of breast-feeding and the global impact of HIV infection, more research is needed, especially to clarify the range of HIV transmission rates from breast-feeding and to expand specific assessments of relative risks for different areas of the world. C1 WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP HU, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1505 EP 1513 DI 10.1097/00002030-199212000-00014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KE282 UT WOS:A1992KE28200014 PM 1492933 ER PT J AU LINKINS, RW COMSTOCK, GW AF LINKINS, RW COMSTOCK, GW TI DEPRESSION, ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION, AND CANCER - COMMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,TRAINING CTR PUBL HLTH RES,HAGERSTOWN,MD 21742. RP LINKINS, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 11 BP 1416 EP 1417 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KK950 UT WOS:A1992KK95000016 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G AF WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G TI CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN - A NEED FOR UNIVERSAL SCREENING IN HIGH PREVALENCE POPULATIONS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94103. RP WEINSTOCK, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 11 BP 1420 EP 1420 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KK950 UT WOS:A1992KK95000020 ER PT J AU EGELAND, GM BLOOM, TF SCHNORR, TM HORNUNG, RW SURUDA, AJ WILLE, KK AF EGELAND, GM BLOOM, TF SCHNORR, TM HORNUNG, RW SURUDA, AJ WILLE, KK TI FLUOROCARBON-113 EXPOSURE AND CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS AMONG AEROSPACE WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ARRHYTHMIAS; PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS; 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE ID ARRHYTHMIAS AB We investigated the cardiotoxic effects of 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane (fluorocarbon 113 or FC113) exposures among healthy workers cleaning rocket and ground support equipment for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) programs. Exposure and ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring data were evaluated on 16 workers, each of whom was examined on exposed and nonexposed workdays. We examined whether there was a greater rate of dysrhythmias on an exposed workday relative to a nonexposed workday. Overall, we found no within subject differences in the rate of ventricular and supraventricular premature beats (number per 1,000 heart beats), fluctuations in the length of the P-R interval, or heart rate. We found that levels of FC113 exposures below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 8-hour time-weighted-average (TWA) standard of 1,000 ppm did not induce cardiac dysrhythmias or subtle changes in cardiac activity. However, because fluorocarbons may sensitize the heart to epinephrine, this study's negative findings based on sedentary and fairly healthy workers may not be generalizable to other populations of workers who are not as healthy or engaged in more physically demanding work. RP EGELAND, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700220607 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KA922 UT WOS:A1992KA92200006 PM 1463030 ER PT J AU WARD, E OKUN, A RUDER, A FINGERHUT, M STEENLAND, K AF WARD, E OKUN, A RUDER, A FINGERHUT, M STEENLAND, K TI A MORTALITY STUDY OF WORKERS AT 7 BERYLLIUM PROCESSING PLANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONNEOPLASTIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER INCIDENCE; SMOKING AB The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has found that the evidence for the carcinogenicity of beryllium is sufficient based on animal data but "limited" based on human data. This analysis reports on a retrospective cohort mortality study among 9,225 male workers employed at seven beryllium processing facilities for at least 2 days between January 1, 1940, and December 31, 1969. Vital status was ascertained through December 31, 1988. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in the total cohort was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.42); significant SMRs for lung cancer were observed for two of the oldest plants located in Lorain, Ohio (SMR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.28-2.19) and Reading, Pennsylvania (SMR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.03-1.48). For the overall cohort, significantly elevated SMRs were found for "all deaths" (SMR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08), "ischemic heart disease" (SMR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01-1. 14), "pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases" (SMR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.21-1.80), and "chronic and unspecified nephritis, renal failure, and other renal sclerosis" (SMR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.00-2.12). Lung cancer SMRs did not increase with longer duration of employment, but did increase with longer latency (time since first exposure). Lung cancer was particularly elevated (SMR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.66-5.95) among workers at the Lorain plant with a history of (primarily) acute beryllium disease, which is associated with very high beryllium exposure. The lung cancer excess was not restricted to plants operating in the 1940s, when beryllium exposures were known to be extraordinarily high. Elevated lung cancer SMRs were also observed for four of the five plants operating in the 1950s for workers hired during that decade. Neither smoking nor geographic location fully explains the increased lung cancer risk. Occupational exposure to beryllium compounds is the most plausible explanation for the increased risk of lung cancer observed in this study. Continued mortality follow-up of this cohort will provide a more definitive assessment of lung cancer risk at the newer plants and among cohort members hired in the 1950s or later at the older plants. Further clarification of the potential for specific beryllium compounds to induce lung cancer in humans, and the possible contribution of other exposures in specific processes at these plants, would require a nested case-control study. We are currently assessing whether available industrial hygiene data would support such an analysis. RP WARD, E (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 33 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 885 EP 904 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700220610 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KA922 UT WOS:A1992KA92200009 PM 1463033 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K SELEVAN, S LANDRIGAN, P AF STEENLAND, K SELEVAN, S LANDRIGAN, P TI THE MORTALITY OF LEAD SMELTER WORKERS - AN UPDATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB Objectives. Mortality studies of lead workers have shown excesses of nonmalignant renal disease ana cerebrovascular disease. Animal studies and one human study have shown excess kidney cancer. We have updated a mortality study of male lead smelter workers (n = 1990). Methods. An analysis was conducted using standard life table techniques. The updated analysis added 11 years of follow-up and 363 new deaths. Results. The original study had found elevated but nonsignificant risks for kidney cancer, stroke, and nonmalignant renal disease, probably attributable to lead exposure. Deaths from accidents and nonmalignant respiratory disease were significantly elevated, but probably not as a result of lead exposure. In the updated study, no new deaths from nonmalignant renal disease occurred (9 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.21). Three more deaths from kidney cancer were observed, yielding a standardized mortality ratio of 1.93 (9 observed, 95% CI = 0.88, 3.67), which increased for those who had worked in areas with the highest lead exposure (8 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.71). Cerebrovascular disease remained elevated for those with more than 20 years of exposure (26 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.92, 2.07). Conclusions. This cohort with high lead exposure showed a diminishing excess of death from nonmalignant renal disease, a continued excess from kidney cancer, and an excess of cerebrovascular disease only in those with longest exposure to lead. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1641 EP 1644 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.12.1641 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB440 UT WOS:A1992KB44000009 PM 1456339 ER PT J AU WALLER, K OSORIO, AM MAIZLISH, N ROYCE, S AF WALLER, K OSORIO, AM MAIZLISH, N ROYCE, S TI LEAD-EXPOSURE IN THE CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY - RESULTS FROM THE CALIFORNIA-OCCUPATIONAL-LEAD-REGISTRY, 1987 THROUGH 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID PAINT REMOVAL; WORKERS; BRIDGE AB The construction industry is exempt from the medical monitoring portions of the US Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration General Industry Lead Standard. Of 28 construction workers reported to the California Occupational Lead Registry through March 1989, 11 (39%) had blood lead levels of 2.90 mumol/L (6 mug/dL) or greater, the level at which immediate removal from lead exposure is mandated in nonconstruction industries. Many workers had not been warned of possible lead exposure. The exemption of the construction industry from the General Industry Lead Standard should be reconsidered. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL FIELD OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,CALIF OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP WALLER, K (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM HLTH INVEST BRANCH,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ANNEX 11,5TH FLOOR,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1669 EP 1671 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.12.1669 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB440 UT WOS:A1992KB44000014 PM 1456344 ER PT J AU SCHNELL, DJ HIGGINS, DL WILSON, RM GOLDBAUM, G COHN, DL WOLITSKI, RJ AF SCHNELL, DJ HIGGINS, DL WILSON, RM GOLDBAUM, G COHN, DL WOLITSKI, RJ TI MENS DISCLOSURE OF HIV TEST-RESULTS TO MALE PRIMARY SEX PARTNERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID GAY MEN; AIDS AB We evaluated disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody status to a main sex partner and the impact on the relationship in men who have sex with men and who are enrolled in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Community Demonstration Projects cohorts. Eighty-nine percent of both seronegative and seropositive men disclosed the results to their main sex partner. Seventy percent of the seronegative men and 82% of the seropositive men who did so reported that the relationship remained "as strong as ever" after 6 months. Most men who did not disclose their test results to their main partner reported being "single" after 6 months. C1 DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX. DENVER CTY HLTH DEPT,DENVER,CO. CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT PSYCHOL,AIDS RES & EDUC PROJECT,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98104. RP SCHNELL, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAIL STOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 9 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1675 EP 1676 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.12.1675 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB440 UT WOS:A1992KB44000017 PM 1456347 ER PT J AU SHI, YP ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM LAL, AA AF SHI, YP ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM LAL, AA TI DIVERSITY IN THE IMMUNODOMINANT DETERMINANTS OF THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITES FROM MALARIA-ENDEMIC REGIONS OF PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA AND BRAZIL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RECOGNITION; GENE; VACCINE; POLYMORPHISM; SPOROZOITE; EPITOPES; IMMUNOGENETICS; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN; DOMAINS AB To determine the nature and extent of variation in the T cell sites of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein, a candidate antigen in the development of a malaria vaccine, we cloned and sequenced 69 recombinant clones of the CS protein gene representing 18 and 17 P. falciparum isolates from infected individuals from Madang, Papua New Guinea (PNG), a holoendemic malaria region, and Paragaminos and Jacunda, Brazil, relatively low endemic regions, respectively. As previously known, the amino acid sequence polymorphism was restricted to the three immunodominant regions of the protein, Th1R-N1, Th2R, and Th3R. While some of the observed nonsilent mutations in the T cell determinants of the CS protein were similar to those previously identified, we have found new amino acid changes in each of the polymorphic sequences in parasites from PNG and Brazil. A comparison of the CS epitope sequences of parasites from PNG and Brazil with the previously known CS epitope sequences of parasites from Brazil and The Gambia showed the following: 1) polymorphism was found in the Th1R-N1, Th2R, and Th3R region; however, while amino acid substitutions in the Th1R-N1 and Th2R region tended to be conservative, the substitutions found in the Th3R region were not, suggesting that the Th3R epitope may be rapidly evolving to allow parasites to escape host antiparasite cytotoxic T cell-enforced immune responses, and 2) the CS proteins of P. falciparum from high malaria-transmission regions (PNG and The Gambia) appear more polymorphic than the CS proteins of parasites from relatively low malaria-endemic regions in Brazil, where P. falciparum infection has been recently established. C1 PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. RP SHI, YP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 844 EP 851 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KF920 UT WOS:A1992KF92000018 PM 1281968 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE AF SNIDER, DE TI ISONIAZID-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS DEATHS - A REVIEW OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Letter RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 146 IS 6 BP 1644 EP 1644 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KC195 UT WOS:A1992KC19500053 ER PT J AU LEE, K SWANSON, N SAUTER, S WICKSTROM, R WAIKAR, A MANGUM, M AF LEE, K SWANSON, N SAUTER, S WICKSTROM, R WAIKAR, A MANGUM, M TI A REVIEW OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES RECOMMENDED FOR VDT OPERATORS SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; OFFICE WORK; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT ID HEALTH AB This paper presents an evaluation of exercises that have been recommended for the prevention of musculoskeletal discomfort among VDT/office workers. 127 individual exercises were analysed for their suitability for performance in VDT workplaces. Additionally, each exercise was judged in terms of its safety and its compliance with principles of physiotherapy. Results showed that, in the majority of cases, the prepared instructions for the exercises were satisfactory and the exercises could be readily performed at the workstation. However, over a third of the exercises were conspicuous and potentially embarrassing to perform, and half would significantly disrupt the work routine. Additionally, a number of the exercises posed potential safety hazards, exacerbated biomechanical stresses common to VDT work, or were contraindicated for persons with certain health problems. These findings suggest a need for greater attention to both the practical and the therapeutic aspects of exercises promoted for VDT users. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL PSYCHOL & ERGON BRANCH,TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT IND ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. SE LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT MANAGEMENT,HAMMOND,LA 70402. COLUMBUS COLL,DEPT PHYS EDUC,COLUMBUS,GA 31993. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 23 IS 6 BP 387 EP 408 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(92)90370-B PG 22 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA KE298 UT WOS:A1992KE29800003 PM 15676884 ER PT J AU SIMS, C HILL, J RIZER, M MILLER, T BEARD, D KERR, M OCAIN, M WILLIAMSON, D WOERNLE, C AF SIMS, C HILL, J RIZER, M MILLER, T BEARD, D KERR, M OCAIN, M WILLIAMSON, D WOERNLE, C TI EPIDEMIC EARLY SYPHILIS - MONTGOMERY COUNTY, ALABAMA, 1990-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SVCS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP SIMS, C (reprint author), MONTGOMERY CTY HLTH DEPT,BLUE BELL,PA, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 128 IS 12 BP 1588 EP 1589 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KC182 UT WOS:A1992KC18200001 ER PT J AU YANNUZZI, LA SORENSON, JA SOBEL, RS DALY, JR DEROSA, JT SEDDON, JM GRAGOUDAS, ES PULIAFITO, CA GELLES, E GONET, R BURTON, TC CULVER, J METZGER, K KALBFLEISCH, N ZARLING, D FARBER, MD BLAIR, N STELMACK, T AXELROD, A WAITR, SE CROSS, A ROLNICK, C FLOM, T HALLER, J PUSIN, S CASSEL, G APPLEGATE, CA SEIGEL, D SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R MOWERY, R CHEW, E TAMBOLI, A MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW DUNN, M SEDDON, JM SHAMBAN, K GELLES, E LENTO, D ALEXANDER, JA PHILLIPS, DA AF YANNUZZI, LA SORENSON, JA SOBEL, RS DALY, JR DEROSA, JT SEDDON, JM GRAGOUDAS, ES PULIAFITO, CA GELLES, E GONET, R BURTON, TC CULVER, J METZGER, K KALBFLEISCH, N ZARLING, D FARBER, MD BLAIR, N STELMACK, T AXELROD, A WAITR, SE CROSS, A ROLNICK, C FLOM, T HALLER, J PUSIN, S CASSEL, G APPLEGATE, CA SEIGEL, D SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R MOWERY, R CHEW, E TAMBOLI, A MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW DUNN, M SEDDON, JM SHAMBAN, K GELLES, E LENTO, D ALEXANDER, JA PHILLIPS, DA TI RISK-FACTORS FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 1ST NATIONAL-HEALTH; SPECTROMETRY; MACULOPATHY; HEART; ZINC AB Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of five retinal disorders studied in the Eye Disease Case-Control Study. Data were obtained from 421 patients with neovascular AMD and 615 controls on a broad array of possible risk factors through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory analyses of blood samples. Decreased risk of neovascular AMD was associated with higher levels of carotenoids in the serum samples, higher horizontal cup-to-disc ratios, and use of postmenopausal exogenous estrogens in women. Increased risk of neovascular AMD was associated with cigarette smoking, higher levels of serum cholesterol, and parity greater than zero. No support was found for sunlight exposure, serum zinc levels, or iris color as risk factors for this disease. Although no association was found with a history of cardiovascular disease itself, the associations with post-menopausal exogenous estrogen use, cigarette smoking, and serum cholesterol level are consistent with a hypothesis linking risk factors for cardiovascular disease with neovascular AMD. The association noted between serum carotenoid levels and neovascular AMD supports the hypothesis that higher levels of micronutrients with antioxidant capabilities may decrease the risk of AMD. C1 NEI,BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BLDG 31,ROOM 6A24,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MANHATTAN EYE EAR & THROAT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRM,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,WILMER EYE INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & HYG CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORKAND CORP,CTR COORDINATING,SILVER SPRING,MD. CTR PHOTOG READING,BOSTON,MA. CTR MACULAR GRADING READING,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 23 TC 396 Z9 404 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 110 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1708 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KC117 UT WOS:A1992KC11700022 ER PT J AU DIGREGORIO, C RIVASI, F MONGIARDO, N DERIENZO, B WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS AF DIGREGORIO, C RIVASI, F MONGIARDO, N DERIENZO, B WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS TI ACANTHAMOEBA MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN A PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID INFECTIONS; AMEBA; AIDS AB Several cases of Acanthamoeba encephalitis (ie, granulomatous amebic encephalitis) have been reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from the United States. To our knowledge, none so far has been reported from Europe, and this is the first case of amebic meningoencephalitis due to Acanthamoeba in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from Italy. The patient was a 24-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus-positive heterosexual man with a 6-year history of intravenous drug use. He was admitted to the hospital because of severe headache, confusion, nuchal rigidity, jaundice, and ascites. He died 5 days later. At autopsy, the brain showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis with numerous trophic and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba. The amebas were identified as Acanthamoeba divionensis by the indirect immunofluorescence test. C1 UNIV MODENA,INST PATHOL ANAT,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. UNIV MODENA,DEPT INFECT & TROP DIS,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1363 EP 1365 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KD172 UT WOS:A1992KD17200017 PM 1456885 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI INJURY CONTROL - MEETING THE CHALLENGE SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1129 EP 1132 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA KC864 UT WOS:A1992KC86400001 PM 1463375 ER PT J AU GORDON, SM STEINBERG, JP DUPUIS, MH KOZARSKY, PE NICKERSON, JF VISVESVARA, GS AF GORDON, SM STEINBERG, JP DUPUIS, MH KOZARSKY, PE NICKERSON, JF VISVESVARA, GS TI CULTURE ISOLATION OF ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES AND LEPTOMYXID AMEBAS FROM PATIENTS WITH AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS, INCLUDING 2 PATIENTS WITH AIDS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MANIFESTATIONS; INFECTIONS; NAEGLERIA; MICE AB Acanthamoeba species and leptomyxid organisms are free-living amebas that cause meningoencephalitis, primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report the isolation and culture of Acanthamoeba species and leptomyxid amebas from four patients with fatal amebic meningoencephalitis. Acanthamoeba species were cultured from brain abscess specimens from three immunocompromised patients (including two patients with AIDS). In the case of the fourth patient, who had no identifiable immunodeficiency, leptomyxid amebas were cultured from a specimen from a subcutaneous nodule and were identified in amebic granulomas in brain tissue by the indirect immunofluorescence test. Persons with advanced infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus may be at increased risk for amebic meningoencephalitis, but the diagnosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any immunocompromised patient with cerebral abscesses. C1 CRAWFORD W LONG MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GORDON, SM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,80 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 30 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1030 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ600 UT WOS:A1992JZ60000016 PM 1457633 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA MOYER, LA AF WOODRUFF, BA MOYER, LA TI INTRADERMAL VACCINATION FOR HEPATITIS-B SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID EFFICACY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1064 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ600 UT WOS:A1992JZ60000040 PM 1296645 ER PT J AU BOKER, JR OH, MK HODGENS, JB REYNOLDS, J OGDEN, D BERMAN, S AF BOKER, JR OH, MK HODGENS, JB REYNOLDS, J OGDEN, D BERMAN, S TI SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CARE-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AND BELIEFS IN ADOLESCENTS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP A774 EP A774 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KE141 UT WOS:A1992KE14100008 ER PT J AU CROSS, JT TALKINGTON, DF LEWNO, MJ SCHUTZE, GE AF CROSS, JT TALKINGTON, DF LEWNO, MJ SCHUTZE, GE TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA - A 9 YEAR REVIEW SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP A789 EP A789 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KE141 UT WOS:A1992KE14100094 ER PT J AU BLAGG, CR HELGERSON, SD WARREN, CW KEENDENTON, K SEELY, M PETERSON, L KIMBALL, EH OGE, LL ACTON, K EVANS, RW AF BLAGG, CR HELGERSON, SD WARREN, CW KEENDENTON, K SEELY, M PETERSON, L KIMBALL, EH OGE, LL ACTON, K EVANS, RW TI AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF NORTHWEST NATIVE-AMERICANS REGARDING ORGAN DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION SO CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE NATIVE AMERICANS; ORGAN DONATION; ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORGAN DONATION AB There is a large unmet need for organs for transplantation and it appears that the organ donation rate for Native Americans is disproportionately low compared to the Native American proportion of the U.S. population. Therefore, we surveyed adult Native Americans in the Northwest to ascertain their attitudes regarding organ donation and transplantation. Subjects were drawn from a random sample of adult Native Americans living in two rural and two urban communities in the Northwest. The survey was conducted in person by trained Native American interviewers using questions derived from an earlier telephone-administered national organ donation survey. The attitudes reported by Northwest Native Americans were very similar to those reported by the general U.S. population. These Native Americans were very aware of organ donation and transplantation and 32% were willing to donate their organs after their death. While only 10% of those willing to donate were carrying an organ donor card, 93% of those who were not said that they would do so if asked. Forty-three percent of the Native American respondents said they would donate the organs of a family member who had just died. While their overall attitudes towards organ retrieval efforts were favorable, Native American respondents stressed the importance of involving close family members in organ retrieval decisions. As with the general population, Northwest Native Americans with less than high school education were less likely than those with more education to be willing to donate their own or a deceased family member's organs. We conclude that many Northwest Native Americans are potentially willing to donate organs. Efforts involving the communities in this study are underway to increase the number of persons carrying organ donor cards and to increase the number of organs donated. C1 NW ORGAN PROCUREMENT AGCY,SEATTLE,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,BILLINGS AREA OFF,BILLINGS,MT. BATTELLE HUMAN AFFAIRS RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,PORTLAND AREA OFF,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0063 J9 CLIN TRANSPLANT JI Clin. Transplant. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 6 BP 436 EP 442 PG 7 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA KC001 UT WOS:A1992KC00100004 ER PT J AU AHLBORG, UG BROUWER, A FINGERHUT, MA JACOBSON, JL JACOBSON, SW KENNEDY, SW KETTRUP, AAF KOEMAN, JH POIGER, H RAPPE, C SAFE, SH SEEGAL, RF TUOMISTO, J VANDENBERG, M AF AHLBORG, UG BROUWER, A FINGERHUT, MA JACOBSON, JL JACOBSON, SW KENNEDY, SW KETTRUP, AAF KOEMAN, JH POIGER, H RAPPE, C SAFE, SH SEEGAL, RF TUOMISTO, J VANDENBERG, M TI IMPACT OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, AND BIPHENYLS ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON APPLICATION OF THE TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR CONCEPT SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY-ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY SECTION LA English DT Review DE POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS (PCDDS); POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFS); POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS); AH RECEPTORS; AH (ARYL-HYDROCARBON)-MEDIATED EFFECTS; NON-AH (ARYL-HYDROCARBON)-MEDIATED EFFECTS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR (TEF); RISK MANAGEMENT; NEUROBEHAVIORAL RESPONSES; CARCINOGENICITY; ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; KINETICS; METABOLISM; SPECIES DIFFERENCES ID PERINATAL PCB EXPOSURE; LAKES FOOD-CHAINS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; COPLANAR PCBS; AH RECEPTOR; VITAMIN-A AB A scientific evaluation was made of the mechanisms of action of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls. Distinction is made between the aryl-hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated and non-Ah receptor-mediated toxic responses. Special attention is paid to the applicability of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) concept. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,INST ENVIRONM MED,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT TOXICOL,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,DETROIT,MI 48202. ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,HULL,PQ,CANADA. GESELL STRAHLENFORSCH,INST OKOL,NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. UNIV ZURICH,INST TOXICOL,CH-8603 SCHWERZENBACH,SWITZERLAND. UMEA UNIV,INST ENVIRONM CHEM,S-90187 UMEA,SWEDEN. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR,ALBANY,NY 12201. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,KUOPIO,FINLAND. UNIV UTRECHT,TOXICOL RES INST,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. NR 184 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 8 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6917 J9 EUR J PHARM-ENVIRON JI Eur. J. Pharmacol.-Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Sect. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 228 IS 4 BP 179 EP 199 DI 10.1016/0926-6917(92)90029-C PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KD837 UT WOS:A1992KD83700002 PM 1335882 ER PT J AU REINER, DS SHINNICK, TM ARDESHIR, F GILLIN, FD AF REINER, DS SHINNICK, TM ARDESHIR, F GILLIN, FD TI ENCYSTATION OF GIARDIA-LAMBLIA LEADS TO EXPRESSION OF ANTIGENS RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES AGAINST CONSERVED HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID SURFACE PROTEIN; CYST WALL; INVITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; HSP70; HSP60; GENE; BILE AB During in vitro encystation, Giardia lamblia expresses several stage-specific proteins which are recognized in immunoblots by antisera raised against antigens from three different pathogens. The antigens belong to two different families of conserved stress proteins: (i) HSP60 purified from Legionella pneumophila and recombinant HSP60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and (ii) recombinant HSP70 from Plasmodium falciparum. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. CTR DIS CONTROL,HANSENS DIS LAB,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30364. AGOURON INST,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. RI Reiner, David/F-6106-2012 OI Reiner, David/0000-0002-8289-7311 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 60 IS 12 BP 5312 EP 5315 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JZ989 UT WOS:A1992JZ98900049 PM 1452366 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B USSERY, XT AF SCHWARTZ, B USSERY, XT TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL OUTBREAKS IN NURSING-HOMES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; PYOGENES; INFECTIONS; PHARYNGITIS; PENICILLIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESURGENCE; SPREAD RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 13 IS 12 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KD228 UT WOS:A1992KD22800014 PM 1289401 ER PT J AU MCNUTT, LA CASIANOCOLON, AE COLES, FB MORSE, DL MENEGUS, M GROTHJUNCKER, A LANSKY, J BELL, K SCHWARTZ, B AF MCNUTT, LA CASIANOCOLON, AE COLES, FB MORSE, DL MENEGUS, M GROTHJUNCKER, A LANSKY, J BELL, K SCHWARTZ, B TI 2 OUTBREAKS OF PRIMARILY NONINVASIVE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN THE SAME NURSING-HOME, NEW-YORK, 1991 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUN DIS CONTROL,CORNING TOWER BLDG,ROOM 651,ALBANY,NY 12237. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. ST JOHNS HOME,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. MONROE CTY HLTH DEPT,ROCHESTER,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 13 IS 12 BP 748 EP 751 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KD228 UT WOS:A1992KD22800015 PM 1289402 ER PT J AU VERNON, SD ICENOGLE, JP JOHNSON, PR REEVES, WC AF VERNON, SD ICENOGLE, JP JOHNSON, PR REEVES, WC TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, AND CERVICAL-CANCER - NEWLY RECOGNIZED ASSOCIATIONS SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; CERVICAL CANCER; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV); HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV); WOMENS HEALTH ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ANOGENITAL REGION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HERPES-SIMPLEX; TAT PROTEIN; RISK FACTOR; INFECTION; WOMEN; DISEASE; HIV AB There are now sufficient data to conclude that women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and preinvasive stages of cervical cancer. This association is not completely due to immunosuppression. It is likely that HPV pathogenesis is altered in HIV-infected women. Preinvasive cervical neoplasia likely occurs more frequently in HIV-infected women because of several factors, including immunosuppression, viral interactions, and alterations in viral pathogenesis. As new treatments prolong the life of HIV-infected individuals, we must continue to be aware of and reactive to an increasing number of opportunistic complications of HIV infection, such as HPV infection and associated diseases. RP VERNON, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 1 IS 6 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KK666 UT WOS:A1992KK66600004 PM 1344670 ER PT J AU WENIGER, BG QUINHOES, EP SERENO, AB DEPEREZ, MA KREBS, JW ISMAEL, C SION, FS RAMOSFILHO, CF DESA, CAM BYERS, RH RAYFIELD, MA RODRIGUES, LGD ZACARIAS, F HEYWARD, WL AF WENIGER, BG QUINHOES, EP SERENO, AB DEPEREZ, MA KREBS, JW ISMAEL, C SION, FS RAMOSFILHO, CF DESA, CAM BYERS, RH RAYFIELD, MA RODRIGUES, LGD ZACARIAS, F HEYWARD, WL TI A SIMPLIFIED SURVEILLANCE CASE DEFINITION OF AIDS DERIVED FROM EMPIRICAL CLINICAL-DATA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLASSIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BRAZIL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC MONITORING; HIV INFECTION; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY (EPIDEMIOLOGY); SOUTH-AMERICA ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; BRAZIL; CRITERIA; ANTIBODY; UGANDA; ZAIRE AB A clinical AIDS case definition is needed for surveillance in countries where the CDC case definition is not practical. To derive such a definition, we compared 110 HIV-seropositive and 135 randomly selected HIV-seronegative adult medical-ward inpatients in Brazil. Multivariate analysis of clinical signs and symptoms and simple diagnoses resulted in a discriminant function with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 96% in predicting for AIDS. These data were the empirical basis for a clinical definition of AIDS in adults drafted in a Caracas, Venezuela, workshop sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization. The revised "Caracas" definition presented here requires a positive HIV serology, the absence of cancer or other cause of immunosuppression, plus greater-than-or-equal-to 10 cumulative points, as follows: Kaposi's sarcoma (10 points); extrapulmonary/noncavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (10); oral candidiasis or hairy leukoplakia (5); cavitary pulmonary/unspecified tuberculosis (5); herpes zoster <60 years of age (5); CNS dysfunction (5); diarrhea greater-than-or-equal-to 1 month (2); fever greater-than-or-equal-to 1 month (2); cachexia or > 10% weight loss (2); asthenia greater-than-or-equal-to 1 month (2); persistent dermatitis (2); anemia, lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia (2); persistent cough or any pneumonia except TB (2); and lymphadenopathy greater-than-or-equal-to 1 cm at greater-than-or-equal-to 2 noninguinal sites for greater-than-or-equal-to 1 month (2). This definition has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% (91% without HIV serology) when applied to the Brazilian patients in this study. The Caracas definition has been adopted by Brazil, Honduras, and Surinam, and is in validation elsewhere. The use of a reasonably sensitive and specific case definition commensurate with available diagnostic resources should facilitate AIDS surveillance in developing countries. C1 UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,HOSP UNIV GAFFREE & GUINLE,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,HOSP UNIV CLEMENTINO FRAGA FILHO,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. MINIST HLTH,NATL DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS AIDS,BRASILIA,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1212 EP 1223 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KA031 UT WOS:A1992KA03100005 PM 1453332 ER PT J AU KNECHT, EA MOORMAN, WJ CLARK, JC HULL, RD BIAGINI, RE LYNCH, DW BOYLE, TJ SIMON, SD AF KNECHT, EA MOORMAN, WJ CLARK, JC HULL, RD BIAGINI, RE LYNCH, DW BOYLE, TJ SIMON, SD TI PULMONARY REACTIVITY TO VANADIUM PENTOXIDE FOLLOWING SUBCHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE IN A NONHUMAN PRIMATE ANIMAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VANADIUM PENTOXIDE; PULMONARY REACTIVITY; SUBCHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; PROVOCATION CHALLENGE; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS ID MONKEYS; ASTHMA; OZONE; INFLAMMATION; PERMEABILITY; AEROSOLS; PROTEIN AB An experimental study was conducted to evaluate changes in pulmonary reactivity resulting from repeated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) dust inhalation. The study assessed pulmonary reactivity to V2O5 through the use of provocation challenges, and compared V2O5 reactivity before and after subchronic V2O5 exposure. A total of 24 adult, male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed by inhalation for 6 h per day, 5 days per week, for 26 weeks. Two V2O5-exposed groups (n=8 each) received equal weekly V2O5 exposures (concentration x time) with different exposure profiles. One V2O5-exposed group received 0.1 Mg V2O5 m-3 on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, with a twice-weekly peak exposure of 1.1 mg V2O5 m-3 on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and was included to investigate the influence of an exposure regimen with peaks on the development of pulmonary hyper-reactivity. The other V2O5-exposed group received a constant daily concentration of 0.5 mg V2O5 m-3. A control group (n=8) received filtered, conditioned air. Pre-exposure challenges with V2O5 produced a concentration-dependent impairment in pulmonary function, characterized by airway obstructive changes (increased resistance and decreased flow). Analysis of respiratory cells recovered from the lung by bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated that airway obstruction was accompanied by a significant influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. Subchronic V2O5 inhalation did not produce an increase in V2O5 reactivity in comparison to the control group, and cytological, immunological and skin test results indicate the absence of allergic sensitization. Instead, a trend toward decreased pulmonary reactivity was found following subchronic V2O5 inhalation. Pulmonary reactivity to V2O5 (both functional and cellular responses) was affected, as well as non-specific reactivity to methacholine. This finding suggests that the absence of increased pulmonary reactivity to V2O5 following subchronic inhalation may be related to the induction of tolerance under the exposure conditions used in the study. RP KNECHT, EA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1002/jat.2550120611 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KA878 UT WOS:A1992KA87800008 PM 1452976 ER PT J AU HURST, SF KAUFMAN, L AF HURST, SF KAUFMAN, L TI WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS AND SEROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BLASTOMYCES-DERMATIDIS YEAST FORM EXTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DERMATITIDIS; PROTEIN; ANTIBODIES; COMPONENTS; ACID AB A major 98-kDa extracellular protein antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis was shown in Western blot (immunoblot), analysis to be highly reactive with serum antibodies from patients with blastomycosis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of yeast form B. dermatitidis culture filtrates and cell extracts demonstrated over 50 proteins, only 24 of which were immunoreactive. Of these, a 98-kDa protein was found to be the most specific and was isolated. This protein was found in both broth culture filtrates and extracts of yeast forms. Western blot tests with this antigen detected serum antibodies in 91% of 32 patients with clinically proven blastomycosis, in contrast to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with DEAE-purified antigen, which detected 88% of the cases. The Western blot test also exhibited lower reactivity with a panel of sera from patients with heterologous fungal infections that were cross-reactive in the ELISA with DEAE-purified B. dermatitidis antigen. The 98-kDa protein electroeluted from polyacrylamide gels was identical to the diagnostic A antigen used in the blastomycosis immunodiffusion test. Comparison of the 98-kDa antigen with a previously described 120-kDa yeast form cell wall protein antigen of B. dermatitidis showed that these two antigens are almost identical. RP HURST, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3043 EP 3049 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100003 PM 1452683 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA SMITH, G MCLAUGHLIN, D STANDARD, PG KAUFMAN, L AF PADHYE, AA SMITH, G MCLAUGHLIN, D STANDARD, PG KAUFMAN, L TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF A CHEMILUMINESCENT DNA PROBE AND AN EXOANTIGEN TEST FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURES; FUNGI AB A chemiluminescent DNA probe (Accuprobe) assay developed by Gen Probe, Inc., for the rapid identification of Histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated and compared with the exoantigen test by using 162 coded cultures including Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Histoplasma capsulatum var.farciminosum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and morphologically related saprobic fungi. Each test uses a chemiluminescent, acridinium ester-labeled, single-stranded DNA probe that is complementary to the rRNA of the target organism. Lysates of the test cultures were prepared by sonication with glass beads and heat treated. After the rRNA was released from the target organism, the labeled DNA probe combined with the target H. capsulatum rRNA to form a stable DNA-RNA hybrid. A hybridization protection assay was used, and the chemiluminescence of hybrids was measured initially with a Leader 1 luminometer as relative light units and later during the investigation with a probe assay luminometer as probe light units. Of the 162 coded mycelial cultures tested by the Accuprobe assay, 105 were identified as H. capsulatum. The test could be performed with an inoculum of a few square millimeters (1 to 2 mm2) of growth. In the primary evaluation, the Accuprobe identified 103 of the 105 cultures as H. capsulatum within 2 h. The remaining two cultures, contaminated with bacteria, had to be purified before the Accuprobe assay identified them correctly as H. capsulatum. Since each coded culture was concurrently tested for H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, and C. immitis exoantigens, the identification of all three dimorphic pathogens was provided simultaneously. Of the 162 coded cultures tested, 105 were identified by the exoantigen test as H. capsulatum, 12 were identified as B. dermatitidis, 13 were identified as C. immitis, and 32 were negative for H. capsulatum, B. dermatitis, and C. immitis. The bacterial contamination in two isolates did not interfere with the exoantigen testing. The exoantigen test required 7- to 10-day-old colonies and required 48 to 72 h of incubation before definitive identification was obtained. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3108 EP 3111 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100013 PM 1452692 ER PT J AU KAPPERUD, G SKJERVE, E BEAN, NH OSTROFF, SM LASSEN, J AF KAPPERUD, G SKJERVE, E BEAN, NH OSTROFF, SM LASSEN, J TI RISK-FACTORS FOR SPORADIC CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS - RESULTS OF A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN SOUTHEASTERN NORWAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS; COLI; SALMONELLA; CARCASSES; SURVIVAL; YERSINIA; CHICKEN; POULTRY; FRESH AB In 1989 and 1990, a case-control study designed to identify risk factors for sporadic infections with thermotolerant Campylobacter bacteria was conducted in three counties in southeastern Norway. The investigation was confined to infections which were acquired in Norway. A total of 52 bacteriologically confirmed cases and 103 controls matched by age, sex, and geographic region were interviewed. The following risk factors were found to be independently associated with illness in conditional logistic regression analysis: consumption of sausages at a barbecue (odds ratio [OR] = 7.64; P = 0.005), daily contact with a dog (OR = 4.26; P = 0.024), and eating of poultry which was brought into the house raw (frozen or refrigerated) (OR = 3.20; P = 0.024). The risk associated with consumption of sausages at a barbecue could not be attributed to cross-contamination from poultry products. By univariate analysis, consumption of poultry which was bought raw and frozen was associated with illness (OR = 2.42; P = 0.042), even though freezing substantially reduces the number of viable campylobacters. When poultry consumption was examined by country of origin, eating of poultry produced in Denmark or Sweden was strongly associated with illness (OR = 13.66; P = 0.014), whereas consumption of poultry produced in Norway was not (OR = 1.33; P = 0.41). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NORWEIGAN COLL VET MED,N-0033 OSLO,NORWAY. RP KAPPERUD, G (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH,N-0462 OSLO,NORWAY. NR 30 TC 186 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3117 EP 3121 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100015 PM 1452694 ER PT J AU COYLE, MB CARLSON, LDC WALLIS, CK LEONARD, RB RAISYS, VA KILBURN, JO SAMADPOUR, M BOTTGER, EC AF COYLE, MB CARLSON, LDC WALLIS, CK LEONARD, RB RAISYS, VA KILBURN, JO SAMADPOUR, M BOTTGER, EC TI LABORATORY ASPECTS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-GENAVENSE, A PROPOSED SPECIES ISOLATED FROM AIDS PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION; GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM; IDENTIFICATION; SIMIAE; PARATUBERCULOSIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTRACELLULARE; DISEASES AB "Mycobacterium genavense" is a proposed new species recently reported to cause disseminated infections in 18 patients with AIDS in Europe. We have recovered "M. genavense" as slowly growing fastidious mycobacteria in blood cultures of seven patients with AIDS. In the original studies of "M. genavense," the fastidious organism grew only in BACTEC 13A vials. The Seattle, Washington, isolates of "M. genavense" also failed to grow when subcultured from 13A vials to routine solid media, but dysgonic colonies were produced on Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with mycobactin J. The mycolic acid pattern of patients' isolates closely resembled that of the type strain of Mycobacterium simiae when analyzed by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and by high-performance liquid chromatography. Whole-cell fatty acid analyses by gas-liquid chromatography distinguished the isolates from M. simiae but misidentified them as Mycobacterium fortuitum. Sequence determinations of the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene indicate that these organisms belong to the recently proposed new species "M. genavense." Growth from Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with mycobactin J consistently yielded positive tests for catalase (semiquantitative and at 68-degrees-C), pyrazinamidase, and urease which enable mycobacteriology laboratories to presumptively identify "M. genavense" without nucleic acid analyses. The failure of "M. genavense" to grow on conventional mycobacterial solid media suggests that mycobacterial blood cultures should include a broth medium incubated for at least 8 weeks. C1 MED HSCH HANNOVER,INST MED MIKROBIOL,W-3000 HANNOVER 61,GERMANY. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COYLE, MB (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. NR 40 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3206 EP 3212 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100031 PM 1280652 ER PT J AU BERN, C UNICOMB, L GENTSCH, JR BANUL, N YUNUS, M SACK, RB GLASS, RI AF BERN, C UNICOMB, L GENTSCH, JR BANUL, N YUNUS, M SACK, RB GLASS, RI TI ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA IN BANGLADESHI CHILDREN - CORRELATION OF DISEASE SEVERITY WITH SEROTYPES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS; GASTROENTERITIS; PROTECTION; MELBOURNE; AUSTRALIA; VACCINE; PROBES; GENE AB To improve the understanding of the relative importance of serotypes of rotavirus in dehydrating diarrhea, we examined the correlation of clinical characteristics and disease severity with serotype in 2,441 diarrheal episodes among children younger than 2 years of age in rural Bangladesh. Of 764 rotavirus-associated episodes, a single G type (serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4) was determined by oligonucleotide probe in 485 (63%), while 233 episodes were nontypeable. Episodes with G types 2 and 3 were associated with more-severe dehydration than episodes associated with G type 1 or 4 or with nontypeable rotavirus. Episodes did not differ by G type in prevalence of vomiting, copious diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, or length of treatment center stay. Rotavirus reinfections were detected in seven children, with homologous reinfection (G type 2) in one. Twelve children with diarrhea who died had rotavirus detected in stool specimens within 30 days of death. Children who died were more likely to be malnourished than were surviving children with rotavirus diarrhea. Of 40 specimens tested by polymerase chain reaction, 29 (72.5%) were P type 1, 9 (22.5%) were P type 2, 1 (2.5%) was P type 3, and 1 (2.5%) was nontypeable. One severely symptomatic diarrheal episode was associated with P type 3 rotavirus, a serotype usually found in asymptomatic nursery infections. Although G types 2 and 3 were associated with more-severe dehydration than other serotypes, the differences do not appear to be of major clinical importance. Effective vaccines should protect against all four major G types. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3234 EP 3238 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100037 PM 1333490 ER PT J AU HUANG, MB BAKER, CN BANERJEE, S TENOVER, FC AF HUANG, MB BAKER, CN BANERJEE, S TENOVER, FC TI ACCURACY OF THE E-TEST FOR DETERMINING ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF STAPHYLOCOCCI, ENTEROCOCCI, CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI, AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA RESISTANT TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROTH MICRODILUTION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; AGAR DIFFUSION; DILUTION AB We compared the results of the E test MIC method with the results of agar dilution susceptibility testing for 18 antimicrobial agents against 324 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including 99 strains of staphylococci, 101 strains of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria, 40 strains of enterococci, and 84 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni. Overall agreement of MICs (+/- 1 log, dilution) was 97.3% for staphylococci, 94.6% for gram-negative bacilli, and 100.0% for enterococci. The MIC results for C.jejuni showed an overall agreement of only 82.9%. This was due primarily to a number of offscale values that limited the number of comparisons with clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Interpretative criteria for the results of the two test methods, however, were similar. Overall, the E test produced MIC results comparable to those of agar dilution when multiresistant organisms were tested. However, it was necessary to add 2% NaCl to the agar when testing oxacillin against staphylococci for both the E test and agar dilution to obtain results comparable to those of the broth microdilution method. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,STA & INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3243 EP 3248 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100039 PM 1452709 ER PT J AU HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM SWAMINATHAN, B AJELLO, GW MALCOLM, GB WEAVER, RE RANSOM, R DEAVER, K PLIKAYTIS, BD SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD PINNER, RW BROOME, CV AF HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM SWAMINATHAN, B AJELLO, GW MALCOLM, GB WEAVER, RE RANSOM, R DEAVER, K PLIKAYTIS, BD SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD PINNER, RW BROOME, CV TI COMPARISON OF 3 SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT METHODS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES FROM NATURALLY CONTAMINATED FOODS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PLATING MEDIA; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; COLD ENRICHMENT; RAW CHICKENS; MILK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENUMERATION; RECOVERY; OUTBREAK; LIQUID AB Three selective enrichment procedures-the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) method, and the Netherlands Government Food Inspection Service (NGFIS) method-were compared for isolating Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated foods. The foods were obtained from the refrigerators of patients with culture-proven listeriosis who were identified through multistate active surveillance in a U.S. population of 19 million. The study was designed to identify foods that may be important in transmission of L. monocytogenes in sporadic cases of human listeriosis. Of 899 foods analyzed by all three methods, 121 were positive for L. monocytogenes by at least one method. The three enrichment methods detected L. monocytogenes in 65% (FDA), 74% (USDA), and 74% (NGFIS) of the foods shown to contain L. monocytogenes. The differences among the three methods were not statistically significant. However, the recovery of L. monocytogenes by a combination of any two methods (USDA-FDA 88%, USDA-NGFIS 91%, FDA-NGFIS 87%) was significantly better than that by one method alone (p < 0.02). The differences among the combinations of methods were not statistically significant. These results suggest that at least two enrichment methods must be used in combination to recover L. monocytogenes from contaminated foods with a success rate near 90%. Correlations were observed between negative results and low (<0.3 CFU/g) level of L. monocytogenes contamination for the USDA (p << 0.001) and NGFIS (p << 0.001) methods. A similar but somewhat weaker association was observed for the FDA method (p < 0.06). RP HAYES, PS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR DEFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 12 BP 952 EP 959 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KD928 UT WOS:A1992KD92800002 ER PT J AU ICENOGLE, JP LAGA, M MILLER, D MANOKA, AT TUCKER, RA REEVES, WC AF ICENOGLE, JP LAGA, M MILLER, D MANOKA, AT TUCKER, RA REEVES, WC TI GENOTYPES AND SEQUENCE VARIANTS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNAS FROM HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE 1-INFECTED WOMEN WITH CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME ORGANIZATION; CELL-LINE; AIDS; HIV; HETEROGENEITY; L1; E6 AB Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was found in cervicovaginal lavage fluids from 9 of 11 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive female prostitutes with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Kinshasa, Zaire. Since 7 yielded complex nucleic acid hybridization results consistent with mixed HPV infections, limited sequencing of HPV DNA was used to identify the HPVs present. Three of HPV 16 and 1 each of HPV 18, 31, 33, and 56 and ME180-HPV were identified by sequencing in 8 samples. Each of these genotypes has been found in specimens from HIV-1-seronegative women with CIN. Some DNAs had nucleic acid and amino acid sequence variations relative to the reference HPVs, but the variants were closely related to variants that have been found in HIV-1-seronegative women. Variant amino acids were found predominantly at three positions in one 40-amino-acid segment of the L1 open reading frame sequenced. The predominant HPV 16 variant observed has been found rarely in other countries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS G18,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT PUBL HLTH,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1216 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100001 PM 1331247 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA GRIFFIN, PM MCCROSKEY, LM SMART, JF WAINWRIGHT, RB BRYANT, RG HUTWAGNER, LC HATHEWAY, CL AF WOODRUFF, BA GRIFFIN, PM MCCROSKEY, LM SMART, JF WAINWRIGHT, RB BRYANT, RG HUTWAGNER, LC HATHEWAY, CL TI CLINICAL AND LABORATORY COMPARISON OF BOTULISM FROM TOXIN TYPE-A, TYPE-B, AND TYPE-E IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1975-1988 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RAT NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; NEUROTOXIN AB Cases of adult botulism (n = 309) were studied to identify clinical differences between toxin types and to evaluate the sensitivity of diagnostic laboratory testing. Patients with illness from type E toxin had the shortest incubation periods. Sporadic case-patients were more severely ill: 85% required intubation compared with only 42% in multiperson outbreaks. Of patients with type A botulism, 67% required intubation compared with 52% with type B and 39% with type E. Toxin testing was positive for 40%-44% of serum and stool specimens obtained within 3 days of toxin ingestion and for 15%-23% of specimens obtained thereafter, while 37% of stool specimens obtained >3 days after toxin ingestion were positive by culture. Patients with type A botulism have more severe illness. In general, specimens obtained early are more likely to be positive by toxin assay, and stool cultures are more sensitive than toxin detection for specimens obtained later in the illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MICROBIAL DIS LAB,MICROBIOL CONSUMER PROD UNIT,BERKELEY,CA. NR 18 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1286 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100011 PM 1431246 ER PT J AU REICHLER, MR ALLPHIN, AA BREIMAN, RF SCHREIBER, JR ARNOLD, JE MCDOUGAL, LK FACKLAM, RR BOXERBAUM, B MAY, D WALTON, RO JACOBS, MR AF REICHLER, MR ALLPHIN, AA BREIMAN, RF SCHREIBER, JR ARNOLD, JE MCDOUGAL, LK FACKLAM, RR BOXERBAUM, B MAY, D WALTON, RO JACOBS, MR TI THE SPREAD OF MULTIPLY RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AT A DAY-CARE-CENTER IN OHIO SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; PENICILLIN-G; PNEUMOCOCCI; MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; CARRIAGE AB Streptococcuspneumoniae, type 23F, resistant to penicillin (MIC, 2 mug/mL) and multiple other antimicrobic agents, was isolated from middle ear fluid of a child with otitis media attending a day care center in Ohio. To determine the extent of spread of this strain, nasopharyngeal culture surveys were done, and 52 carriers were identified among 250 children attending the index day care center. No carriers were found among 121 children at two other day care centers in the same urban area. Use of prophylactic doses of antibiotics (P < .001) and frequent use of antibiotics (P < .001) were risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage. Carriers were more likely to have had frequent otitis media episodes (P < .02) and otitis media not responsive to antimicrobial therapy (P < .00 1). Strategies to limit the spread of highly resistant pneumococcal strains should include encouraging judicious use of antimicrobic agents and reevaluating indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobic agents. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT & PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CUYAHOGA CTY HLTH DEPT,CLEVELAND,OH. RP REICHLER, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 65 TC 328 Z9 329 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1346 EP 1353 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100020 PM 1431252 ER PT J AU RIES, AA VUGIA, DJ BEINGOLEA, L PALACIOS, AM VASQUEZ, E WELLS, JG BACA, NG SWERDLOW, DL POLLACK, M BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV AF RIES, AA VUGIA, DJ BEINGOLEA, L PALACIOS, AM VASQUEZ, E WELLS, JG BACA, NG SWERDLOW, DL POLLACK, M BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV TI CHOLERA IN PIURA, PERU - A MODERN URBAN EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; VIBRIO AB In late January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in Peru. Within 2 months, 7922 cases and 17 deaths occurred in Piura, a Peruvian city of 361,868. A hospital-based culture survey showed that 79%-86% of diarrhea cases were cholera. High vibriocidal antibody titers were detected in 34% of the asymptomatic population. A study of 50 case-patients and 100 matched controls demonstrated that cholera was associated with drinking unboiled water (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-8.9), drinking beverages from street vendors (OR, 14.6; CI, 4.2-51.2), and eating food from street vendors (OR. 24.0; CI, 3.0-191). In a second study, patients were more likely than controls to consume beverages with ice (OR. 4.0; CI, 1.1-18.3). Ice was produced from municipal water. Municipal water samples revealed no or insufficient chlorination, and fecal coliform bacteria were detected in samples from 6 of 10 wells tested. With epidemic cholera spreading throughout Latin America. these findings emphasize the importance of safe municipal drinking water. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,GEN OFF EPIDEMIOL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP REG CAYETANO HEREDIA,PIURA,PERU. RP RIES, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1433 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100035 PM 1431259 ER PT J AU FINELLI, L SWERDLOW, D MERTZ, K RAGAZZONI, H SPITALNY, K AF FINELLI, L SWERDLOW, D MERTZ, K RAGAZZONI, H SPITALNY, K TI OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA ASSOCIATED WITH CRAB BROUGHT FROM AN AREA WITH EPIDEMIC DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB From 31 March through 3 April 1991, 8 New Jersey residents developed severe, watery diarrhea after eating crabmeat brought back in the suitcase of a traveler to Ecuador. Stool cultures yielded toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, biotype El Tor from 4 persons, and vibriocidal antibody titers were greater-than-or-equal-to 1:640 in 7 persons, indicating recent infection with Vibrio cholerae O1. Eating crab was statistically associated with illness (P = .006); however, no leftover crabmeat was available for testing. All 8 patients fully recovered and no cases of secondary transmission were reported. This was the first reported incident of cholera in the continental United States associated with food transported from an area with epidemic disease. Discouraging the transport of perishable souvenir seafood may prevent further outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FINELLI, L (reprint author), NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & COMMUN DIS CONTROL,3635 QUAKERBRIDGE RD,CN-369,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1435 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100036 PM 1431260 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, JR CAMPBELL, CC AF ZUCKER, JR CAMPBELL, CC TI SMEAR-NEGATIVE CEREBRAL MALARIA DUE TO MEFLOQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM ACQUIRED IN THE AMAZON SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1458 EP 1459 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JZ581 UT WOS:A1992JZ58100043 PM 1431267 ER PT J AU ADES, EW CANDAL, FJ SWERLICK, RA GEORGE, VG SUMMERS, S BOSSE, DC LAWLEY, TJ AF ADES, EW CANDAL, FJ SWERLICK, RA GEORGE, VG SUMMERS, S BOSSE, DC LAWLEY, TJ TI HMEC-1 - ESTABLISHMENT OF AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; HUMAN FORESKIN; HUMAN-FETAL; TRANSFORMATION; CAPILLARY; ADHESION; INVITRO; CULTURE; ANTIGEN AB The study of human microvascular endothelial cells has been limited, because these cells are difficult to isolate in pure culture, are fastidious in their in vitro growth requirements, and have a very limited lifespan. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have transfected human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) with a PBR-322-based plasmid containing the coding region for the simian virus 40 A gene product, large T antigen, and succeeded in immortalizing them. These cells, termed CDC/EU.HMEC-1 (HMEC-1), have been passaged 95 times to date and show no signs of senescence, whereas normal microvascular endothelial cells undergo senescence at passages 8-10. HMEC-1 exhibit typical cobblestone morphology when grown in monolayer culture, express and secrete von Willebrand's Factor, take up acteylated low-density lipoprotein, and rapidly form tubes when cultured on matrigel. HMEC-1 grow to densities three to seven times higher than microvascular endothelial cells and require much less stringent growth medium. HMEC-1 will grow in the absence of human serum, whereas microvascular endothelial cells require culture medium supplemented with 30% human serum. These cells express other cell-surface molecules typically associated with endothelial cells, including CD31 and CD36 and epitopes identified by monoclonal antibodies EN4 and PAL-E. They also express the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and CD44 and following stimulation with interferon-gamma express major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. HMEC-1 specifically bind lymphocytes in cell adhesion assays. Thus HMEC-1 is the first immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line that retains the morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of normal human microvascular endothelial cells. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,5001 WMB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 52 TC 968 Z9 979 U1 5 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 99 IS 6 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12613748 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KF927 UT WOS:A1992KF92700003 PM 1361507 ER PT J AU USHIJIMA, H KOIKE, H MUKOYAMA, A HASEGAWA, A NISHIMURA, S GENTSCH, J AF USHIJIMA, H KOIKE, H MUKOYAMA, A HASEGAWA, A NISHIMURA, S GENTSCH, J TI DETECTION AND SEROTYPING OF ROTAVIRUSES IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; PCR; SEROTYPING ID GROUP-C ROTAVIRUSES; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENE; RNA; STRAINS; PROBES; VP7 AB Direct rotavirus serotyping (VP7, G type) in stool specimens was carried out by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR) and compared to serotyping by enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies (EIA-MAb). The methods used for double-stranded (ds) RNA extraction, RT-PCR amplification, and the primers used were modified from previous reports [Gouvea et al.: Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29:519-523, 1990; Gentsch et al.: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1992]. For samples that were positive by both methods, the serotypes obtained were identical, however RT-PCR typing was found to be considerably more sensitive (70.4% samples serotyped) than EIA-MAb (35.6% of samples serotyped). The overall sensitivities for detection of rotavirus in stool samples by latex agglutination, enzyme immunoassay, electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and RT-PCR were essentially the same. The results confirm that RT-PCR typing (genotyping) is extremely valuable for G typing of samples which cannot be typed by EIA-MAb. We also developed a PCR confirmation technique for serotypes 1, 2, and 4. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP USHIJIMA, H (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,GAKUEN 4-7-1,MUSASHIMURAYAMA,TOKYO 208,JAPAN. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890380412 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA KA807 UT WOS:A1992KA80700011 PM 1365837 ER PT J AU KASTE, LM MARIANOS, D CHANG, R PHIPPS, KR AF KASTE, LM MARIANOS, D CHANG, R PHIPPS, KR TI THE ASSESSMENT OF NURSING CARIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HIGH CARIES IN THE PERMANENT DENTITION SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE NATIVE AMERICAN; NURSING CARIES; BABY BOTTLE TOOTH DECAY; PRIMARY DENTITION; PERMANENT DENTITION ID BOTTLE TOOTH-DECAY; CHILDREN AB The prevalence of nursing caries has been found to be high in populations of Native American children, unlike other US population groups. Comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of operational definitions of the syndrome have been used. This study had two goals. First, a retrospective dental record audit was conducted for a Native American population attending Head Start in 1977-78, to compare the prevalence rates of nursing caries obtained by using different nursing caries classification schemes. Second, we studied the relationship of prior nursing caries to current high caries level determined by a clinical exam in the same children approximately ten years later (N = 88). As expected, different classification schemes yielded different prevalence rates. Classification of nursing caries by buccal or lingual caries in the maxillary incisors found 45 percent of the children with the disorder, vs 61 percent if measured by three or more carious maxillary incisors, or 76 percent if two or more carious maxillary incisors. Nursing caries in these Head Start children, defined by caries on the buccal or lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors, showed no increased risk of greater-than-or-equal-to 5 DMFT at age 15. The Head Start children classified as having nursing caries by two or more, or three or more, decayed maxillary anterior teeth had relative risks (RR) of 1.6 (95% Cl 1.1, 2.4) and 1.4 (95% Cl 1.0, 1.9) for high caries (DMFT greater-than-or-equal-to 5) ten years later, whereas the RR for children with a dmft greater-than-or-equal-to 5 was 2.4 (95% Cl 1.4, 4.3). The classification of nursing caries by carious maxillary incisors appears to depict the overall caries experience in the primary dentition of these Native American Head Start children, rather than specifically nursing caries. The maxillary incisor classifications demonstrated a positive relationship to the presentation of high caries in the permanent dentition, which was not found when nursing caries was measured by buccal or lingual caries of the maxillary incisors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH DENT MED,DEPT DENT CARE ADM,BOSTON,MA 02115. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,SCH DENT,DEPT DENT HYG,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP KASTE, LM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH DENT,DEPT DENT ECOL,CB 7450,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 7 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI RICHMOND PA J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT 10619 JOUSTING LANE, RICHMOND, VA 23235 SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 52 IS 2 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02245.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE403 UT WOS:A1992HE40300004 PM 1564693 ER PT J AU IKEDA, RM DRABKIN, PD BIRKHEAD, GS AF IKEDA, RM DRABKIN, PD BIRKHEAD, GS TI INFLUENZA-A OUTBREAKS IN NURSING-HOMES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP IKEDA, RM (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1288 EP 1288 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA KA809 UT WOS:A1992KA80900019 PM 1447451 ER PT J AU TECLAW, R MENDLEIN, J GARBE, P MARIOLIS, P AF TECLAW, R MENDLEIN, J GARBE, P MARIOLIS, P TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PET POPULATIONS AND HOUSEHOLDS IN THE PURDUE-COMPARATIVE-ONCOLOGY-PROGRAM CATCHMENT-AREA, 1988 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; OWNERSHIP; COUNTY; CANINE; FELINE; MANHATTAN; DYNAMICS; KANSAS AB A 1-stage, random-digit dial telephone survey was conducted to obtain information on characteristics of pet populations and pet-owning households in 1988 in Marion and Tippecanoe Counties, Indiana. Interviews for 653 out of 731 eligible households were completed (response rate, 88%). Approximately half of the households in each county owned a pet. Of these, 35% owned at least 1 dog, and 23% owned at least 1 cat. Households with pets were more likely to be larger and have a higher median income score than were households without pets. Households with children between 6 and 17 years old were more likely to own pets than were households with no children; however, no difference in pet ownership proportions was determined for households with children less-than-or-equal-to 5 years old, compared with households without children. For dogs, younger dogs and male dogs were less likely to have been neutered than older dogs and female dogs. Older cats were more likely to have been neutered than younger cats, with neutering percentages of >90% for cats in the oldest age group. Approximately 20% of dogs and 40% of cats had not been seen by a veterinarian in the 12 months preceding the interview. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 11 BP 1725 EP 1729 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KA914 UT WOS:A1992KA91400027 PM 1293114 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MJ HOLLOWELL, JG AF ADAMS, MJ HOLLOWELL, JG TI COMMUNITY-BASED PROJECTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article AB Community projects are a central feature of the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) Disabilities Prevention Program. Twenty-eight states now have such programs, and they use community projects to stimulate local involvement in disability prevention and as a setting to evaluate prevention needs and preventive interventions. RP ADAMS, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA KD843 UT WOS:A1992KD84300006 PM 1474909 ER PT J AU Wesson, DM Porter, CH Collins, FH AF Wesson, Dawn M. Porter, Charles H. Collins, Frank H. TI Sequence and Secondary Structure Comparisons of ITS rDNA in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article AB Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and the ITS2 of six related species, A. simpsoni, A. albopictus, A. vexans, A. triseriatus, Haemagogus mesodentatus, and Psorophora ferox are reported. Intraspecific variation in A. aegypti ITS1 is 1.07% among four clones from three individuals, and in the ITS2 is 1.17% among 15 clones from four individuals. In A. simpsoni, intraspecific ITS2 variation is 0.46% among 10 clones from a single individual. Alignment of the ITS2 sequence of the seven species reveals several homologous domains. Secondary structure predictions for the ITS2 region indicate that these domains base pair to form a core region central to several stem features. The sequence outside the ITS2 homologous domains tends to be GC-rich and characteristically slippage generated, these areas preserve or add to the stem length of the predicted secondary structures. These ITS2 intraspacer variable regions resemble previously described expansion segments of the 285 gene region. Evolutionary analysis of the ITS2 of these species, using both sequence and secondary structure information, leads to the prediction of divergence in the mosquito tribe Aedini that is not clearly reflected in current taxonomic designations. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Wesson, Dawn M.; Porter, Charles H.; Collins, Frank H.] Ctr Dis Control, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wesson, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 214 Z9 219 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 1 IS 4 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1016/1055-7903(92)90001-W PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA V10RN UT WOS:000207481200001 PM 1364170 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, MK PETERSON, HB BORING, J GRAMLING, J WILLIS, S KLEIN, L AF LINDSAY, MK PETERSON, HB BORING, J GRAMLING, J WILLIS, S KLEIN, L TI CRACK COCAINE - A RISK FACTOR FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION TYPE-1 AMONG INNER-CITY PARTURIENTS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; WOMEN; AIDS; PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIC AB Objective: To define the relationship between crack cocaine use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection while controlling for other HIV risk factors. Methods: We performed a case-control study among inner-city pregnant women who were followed at a large urban hospital in Atlanta, Georgia; 79 of the women were HIV-1-infected and 525 were seronegative. We identified the women from a prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary HIV-1 antibody screening. Results: From July 1, 1989 to December 31, 1990, we screened 13,469 pregnant women; 80 (5.9 per 1000) were HIV-1-infected. One seropositive woman who did not complete a risk-behavior questionnaire was excluded from the study. Seropositivity was associated with a history of crack cocaine use (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.8), intravenous drug use (odds ratio 14.5, 95% CI 4.5-46.3), and a history of sexually transmitted diseases (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.5). We found a significant interaction (P = .01) between a history of crack cocaine use and employment status: Unemployed women who used crack cocaine were 3.5 times more likely to be HIV-1-infected than were employed women who used crack cocaine. Conclusions: Crack cocaine use was found to be a risk factor associated with HIV-1 infection among pregnant women, particularly those who were unemployed. This finding suggests that the impact of crack cocaine use on HIV transmission may be related to economic factors and possibly to either trading sex for money to buy cocaine or trading sex for the drug. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT GYNECOL & OBSTET,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 80 IS 6 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA KA566 UT WOS:A1992KA56600018 PM 1448268 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, DP AF FRANCIS, DP TI TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR THE CDC AND THE NATION SO PEDIATRIC AIDS AND HIV INFECTION-FETUS TO ADOLESCENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP FRANCIS, DP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,REG AIDS DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1045-5418 J9 PEDIATR AIDS HIV INF JI Pediatr. AIDS HIV Infect.-Fetus Adolesc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LT391 UT WOS:A1992LT39100001 ER PT J AU PAVIA, AT LONG, EG RYDER, RW NSA, W PUHR, ND WELLS, JG MARTIN, P TAUXE, RV GRIFFIN, PM AF PAVIA, AT LONG, EG RYDER, RW NSA, W PUHR, ND WELLS, JG MARTIN, P TAUXE, RV GRIFFIN, PM TI DIARRHEA AMONG AFRICAN CHILDREN BORN TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1-INFECTED MOTHERS - CLINICAL, MICROBIOLOGIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; DIARRHEA EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HTLV-III INFECTION; INTESTINAL INFECTIONS; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; CASE-DEFINITION; VIRUS HIV; AIDS; DISEASE; INFANTS AB Diarrhea and weight loss are common features of pediatric and adult human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection, particularly in developing countries. We studied prospectively episodes of diarrhea in 559 children, ages 10 to 15 months, participating in a longitudinal study of perinatal HIV-1 infection in Kinshasa, Zaire. Children with HIV-1 infection had more frequent episodes of diarrhea and were more likely to present with fever or moderate or severe dehydration and to have persistent or fatal diarrhea. Of 9 HIV- 1-positive infants with diarrhea, 3 had enteroadherence factor-positive Escherichia coli, compared with 5 of 74 HIV-1-negative children with diarrhea (P = 0.04); no other pathogen was associated with HIV-1 infection. In a logistic regression model diarrhea was significantly associated with HIV-1 infection in the child, moderate or severe malnutrition and symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the mother. Diarhea among children with perinatal HIV infection in Zaire is more severe than among uninfected children and is associated with malnutrition and advanced disease in the mother. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INT AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV UTAH,DIV INFECT DIS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. UNIV UTAH,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 996 EP 1003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KB533 UT WOS:A1992KB53300002 PM 1461710 ER PT J AU MATTE, TD BINDER, S MCELVAINE, MD COPLEY, CG DEUNGRIA, EG AF MATTE, TD BINDER, S MCELVAINE, MD COPLEY, CG DEUNGRIA, EG TI LEAD INGESTION AND X-RAYS - REPLY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DIV HLTH,ST LOUIS,MO. RP MATTE, TD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1008 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KF504 UT WOS:A1992KF50400046 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA WILDER, MH COPPENGER, GW SHERIN, K TILLER, R VANHOOK, RM AF DESENCLOS, JCA WILDER, MH COPPENGER, GW SHERIN, K TILLER, R VANHOOK, RM TI THALLIUM POISONING - AN OUTBREAK IN FLORIDA, 1988 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In October 1988, five of seven members of a Florida family were poisoned with thallium, constituting the largest outbreak of acute thallium poisoning in the United States since thallium was banned as a rodenticide in 1972. Three patients had an acute severe neuropathy with respiratory depression; one died. The other two had no symptoms. No cases were identified among nonhousehold relatives or friends, or in the community. Of the more than 100 environmental specimens collected at the family household and tested by atomic spectroscopy, three empty and four unopened glass soft drink bottles of the same lot number yielded thallium in a concentration fatal to humans. All family members who consumed the soft drink were poisoned (5/5) as compared with none of those who did not (0/2). Because poisoning was clustered to the family and police investigators provided evidence that the poisoning was deliberately targeted to the family, it was assumed that no other soft drink bottles contained thallium, and it was decided not to recall all soft drink bottles with the same lot number. A year later a neighbor of the family was arrested and convicted of the murder. C1 DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,DIS CONTROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL. DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,CENT LAB,ENVIRONM CHEM PROGRAM,JACKSONVILLE,FL. DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,POLK CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,WINTER HAVEN,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1203 EP 1206 DI 10.1097/00007611-199212000-00012 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KD412 UT WOS:A1992KD41200012 PM 1470964 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW MACERA, CA NIEMAN, DC AF HEATH, GW MACERA, CA NIEMAN, DC TI EXERCISE AND UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS - IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,MS-K47,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 6 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.2165/00007256-199214060-00003 PG 13 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA JZ699 UT WOS:A1992JZ69900002 PM 1470789 ER PT J AU MTANGO, FDE NEUVIANS, D BROOME, CV HIGHTOWER, AW PIO, A AF MTANGO, FDE NEUVIANS, D BROOME, CV HIGHTOWER, AW PIO, A TI RISK-FACTORS FOR DEATHS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5-YEARS OLD IN BAGAMOYO DISTRICT, TANZANIA SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; INFANT-MORTALITY; IMPACT; WATER AB We conducted a population based case control study of deaths in children <5 years old from Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, to evaluate factors associated with death, and factors associated with not utilizing Government health care system. Six hundred and ten children who died between 1 July, 1986 and 30 June 1987 were enrolled as cases; 1 160 healthy control children were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Twenty-five percent of deaths were ascribed to pneumonia based on ''verbal autopsy''; 39% of acute respiratory deaths occurred in children <6 months of age. In a multivariate analysis, significant independent associations were found with mother as sole decision maker for treatment (O.R = 0.13; 95 % C:I. 0.07, 0.22); use of water from village well, pond, or river vs. tap water (O.R. = 11.86; 95 % C.I., 5.46, 25.72); the child eating with others (O.R. = 9.42; 95 % C.I. 5.68, 15.62) and the child sleeping in the room where cooking is done (O.R. = 2.78; 95 % C.I. 1.79, 4,33). Overall only 45 % of families utilized Government health care (village health worker, dispensary or health centre) during their child's terminal illness. Families utilizing Government health care were significantly more likely to say that the mother alone could make treatment decision (O.R. = 2.49, 95 % C.I. 1.39, 4.46), and to be closer to a dispensary. The main reasons for not utilizing Government health care were 'traditional medicine is better' (41 %) and 'no drugs available' (38%). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WHO,DIV DIARRHOEAL & ACUTE RESP DIS CONTROL,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. DEUTSCH GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH,DAR ES SALAAM,TANZANIA. RP MTANGO, FDE (reprint author), MUHIMBILI UNIV,COLL HLTH SCI,INST PRIMARY HLTH CARE,POL 65350,DAR ES SALAAM,TANZANIA. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 43 IS 4 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA KG553 UT WOS:A1992KG55300005 PM 1293726 ER PT J AU ZHANG, Y WALLACE, RJ STEINGRUBE, VA BROWN, BA NASH, R SILCOX, A TSUKAMURA, M AF ZHANG, Y WALLACE, RJ STEINGRUBE, VA BROWN, BA NASH, R SILCOX, A TSUKAMURA, M TI ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING PATTERNS OF BETA-LACTAMASES IN THE RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID THERMORESISTIBILE INFECTION; INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLAVULANIC ACID; FORTUITUM; CHELONAE; SMEGMATIS; CEFOXITIN; DISEASE; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION AB Beta-lactamases from 259 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria that included the third biovariant complex of Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. abscessus, M. chelonae, the M. chelonae-like organisms (MCLO), and M. smegmatis were analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). All isolates produced acidic beta-lactamases with major band isoelectric points (pIs) between 4.4 and 6.0. Each of the 6 taxonomic groups exhibited 1 or 2 characteristic beta-lactamase IEF patterns. Heterogeneity among IEF patterns was evident in 5 of the 6 groups, however, and was greatest among the third biovariant complex of M. fortuitum. beta-lactamase patterns correlated with previously identified taxonomic subgroups of M. smegmatis and the third biovariant complex of M. fortuitum. Beta-lactamase IEF analysis of MCLO strains isolated from two outbreaks demonstrated its possible usefulness for epidemiologic evaluation. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,POB 2003,TYLER,TX 75770. NATL CHUBU HOSP,OBU,AICHI,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 73 IS 6 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0962-8479(92)90037-K PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KH194 UT WOS:A1992KH19400005 PM 1292713 ER PT J AU HUANG, CC NGUYEN, D FERNANDEZ, J YUN, KY FRY, KE BRADLEY, DW TAM, AW REYES, GR AF HUANG, CC NGUYEN, D FERNANDEZ, J YUN, KY FRY, KE BRADLEY, DW TAM, AW REYES, GR TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF THE MEXICO ISOLATE OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS (HEV) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; POST-TRANSFUSION; RNA; DNA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; ETIOLOGY; EPIDEMIC C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HUANG, CC (reprint author), GENELABS INC,MOLEC VIROL GRP,505 PENOBSCOT DR,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063, USA. NR 36 TC 234 Z9 265 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 191 IS 2 BP 550 EP 558 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90230-M PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA JZ987 UT WOS:A1992JZ98700003 PM 1448913 ER PT J AU NAINAN, OV BRINTON, MA MARGOLIS, HS AF NAINAN, OV BRINTON, MA MARGOLIS, HS TI IDENTIFICATION OF AMINO-ACIDS LOCATED IN THE ANTIBODY-BINDING SITES OF HUMAN HEPATITIS-A VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; SEQUENCE; SELECTION; GROWTH C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP NAINAN, OV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 191 IS 2 BP 984 EP 987 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90277-V PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA JZ987 UT WOS:A1992JZ98700050 PM 1280386 ER PT J AU WALLER, K PRENDERGAST, TJ SLAGLE, A JACKSON, RJ AF WALLER, K PRENDERGAST, TJ SLAGLE, A JACKSON, RJ TI SEIZURES AFTER EATING A SNACK FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH THE PESTICIDE ENDRIN - THE TALE OF THE TOXIC TAQUITOS SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In September 1988 we investigated reports of seizures in persons who had eaten taquitos, a commercially prepared snack food. We identified and interviewed 5 persons with new-onset seizures within 12 hours of eating taquitos, all purchased during a 1-week period from a single store. Leftover taquitos were found to contain endrin, a highly toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide. Although tissue confirmation of exposure to endrin was not possible and the level of contamination in the tested taquitos was below that previously thought to be capable of inducing seizures, the pattern of symptoms and the common time and place of purchase strongly suggested that the seizures were due to endrin-contaminated taquitos. The source of endrin contamination could not be determined. This episode is the first report of illness associated with endrin-contaminated food products in the United States. C1 CTY ORANGE HLTH CARE AGCY,SANTA ANA,CA. CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WALLER, K (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM HLTH INVESTIGAT BRANCH,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ANNEX 11,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 157 IS 6 BP 648 EP 651 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KC083 UT WOS:A1992KC08300005 PM 1475948 ER PT J AU PERKINS, BA SWAMINATHAN, B JACKSON, LA BRENNER, DJ WENGER, JD REGNERY, RL WEAR, DJ AF PERKINS, BA SWAMINATHAN, B JACKSON, LA BRENNER, DJ WENGER, JD REGNERY, RL WEAR, DJ TI CASE-22-1992 - PATHOGENESIS OF CAT SCRATCH DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP PERKINS, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 26 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 22 BP 1599 EP 1600 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JZ432 UT WOS:A1992JZ43200020 PM 1435894 ER PT J AU YANG, P BEATY, TH KHOURY, MJ CHEE, E STEWART, W GORDIS, L AF YANG, P BEATY, TH KHOURY, MJ CHEE, E STEWART, W GORDIS, L TI GENETIC-EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF OMPHALOCELE AND GASTROSCHISIS - EVIDENCE FOR HETEROGENEITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; GASTROSCHISIS; OMPHALOCELE ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; FETAL OMPHALOCELE; CLEFT-LIP; BIRTHS; MALFORMATIONS; WASHINGTON; PALATE; FAMILY AB On the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiologic characteristics, and the presence of additional malformations, omphalocele (OM) and gastroschisis (GA) are considered causally and pathogenetically distinct abdominal wall defects. More than 50% of infants with OM have additional defects, but only about 15% of those with GA do. To evaluate whether there is heterogeneity between isolated and multiply affected cases of OM and GA, we analyzed epidemiologic characteristics and familial risks of major defects for 82 OM and 81 GA cases drawn from a population-based study in the Maryland-Washington, DC-Northern Virginia area and born from 1980 through June 1987. We examined year of birth, sex, race, and maternal age distributions after stratifying the infants into isolated and multiple defect groups. We found significant differences in maternal age between cases with isolated OM and GA, but not between cases with GA or OM who had other defects. Using regressive logistic models, we analyzed familial aggregation of birth defects among relatives of infants with OM and GA. An autosomal recessive model of inheritance was found to be the most parsimonious explanation for the families of infants with isolated OM or GA. However, for families of infants with multiple defects, a sporadic or nongenetic model fit best. These findings are not only useful for estimating familial risk of major birth defects, but they also suggest further heterogeneity of infants with OM and GA according to the presence of other malformations. C1 FOX CHASE CANC CTR,DIV POPULAT SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19111. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,BIRTH DEFECTS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03655] NR 53 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 44 IS 5 BP 668 EP 675 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320440528 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JX815 UT WOS:A1992JX81500027 PM 1481831 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL WOODRUFF, BA BRADY, RC GRIFFIN, PM TIPPEN, S DONNELL, HD GELDREICH, E PAYNE, BJ MEYER, A WELLS, JG GREENE, KD BRIGHT, M BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA AF SWERDLOW, DL WOODRUFF, BA BRADY, RC GRIFFIN, PM TIPPEN, S DONNELL, HD GELDREICH, E PAYNE, BJ MEYER, A WELLS, JG GREENE, KD BRIGHT, M BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA TI A WATERBORNE OUTBREAK IN MISSOURI OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 ASSOCIATED WITH BLOODY DIARRHEA AND DEATH SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTIONS; MISSOURI; DIARRHEA; WATER SUPPLY ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE O157-H7; NURSING-HOME; INFECTIONS; 0157-H7 AB Objective: To describe and determine the source of a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) infections in Missouri. Design: A case-control study and a household survey. Setting: A small city in a rural Missouri township that had an unchlorinated water supply. Patients: Case patients were residents of or visitors to Burdine Township with bloody diarrhea or diarrhea and abdominal cramps occurring between 15 December 1989 and 20 January 1990. Measurements: Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 21 stool specimens. All isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin; produced Shiga-like toxins I and II; and had one 60-megadalton plasmid. Results: Among the 243 case patients, 86 had bloody stools, 32 were hospitalized, 4 died, and 2 had the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the case-control study, no food was associated with illness, but ill persons had drunk more municipal water than had controls (P = 0.04). The survey showed that, during the peak of the outbreak, bloody diarrhea was 18.2 times more likely to occur in persons living inside the city and using municipal water than in persons living outside the city and using private well water (P = 0.001). Shortly before the peak of the outbreak, 45 water meters were replaced, and two water mains ruptured. The number of new cases declined rapidly after residents were ordered to boil water and after chlorination of the water supply. Conclusions: This was the largest outbreak of ECO157 infections, the first due to a multiply resistant organism, and the first shown to be transmitted by water. System-wide chlorination as well as hyperchlorination during repairs might have prevented this outbreak. Both bloody and nonbloody diarrhea may be common manifestations of this infection, which is probably underdiagnosed because of the failure of routine stool cultures to identify the organism. Cities with deteriorating water systems using untreated water risk widespread illness from contaminated drinking water. C1 MISSOURI STATE DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 334 Z9 342 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 10 BP 812 EP 819 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JX838 UT WOS:A1992JX83800003 PM 1416555 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP WINTON, EF MONROE, MC HAFF, E HOLMAN, RC MYERS, L LIEHL, E EVATT, BL AF STAHL, CP WINTON, EF MONROE, MC HAFF, E HOLMAN, RC MYERS, L LIEHL, E EVATT, BL TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF SEQUENTIAL, SIMULTANEOUS, AND SINGLE AGENT INTERLEUKIN-3 AND GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION AND PLATELET RESPONSE IN PRIMATES SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE; MODAL DNA CLASS; GM-CSF; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; PROGENITOR CELLS; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; ANIMAL-MODEL; BONE-MARROW; C3H MOUSE; GROWTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. SANDOZ INC,RES INST,E HANOVER,NJ 07936. RP STAHL, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2479 EP 2485 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JY677 UT WOS:A1992JY67700006 PM 1421371 ER PT J AU CATES, W HINMAN, AR AF CATES, W HINMAN, AR TI AIDS AND ABSOLUTISM - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 12 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 20 BP 1460 EP 1461 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JX479 UT WOS:A1992JX47900026 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M DELPILAR, M FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M DELPILAR, M FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI BEHAVIORS RELATED TO UNINTENTIONAL, INTENTIONAL INJURIES, HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 760-772, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. JERSEY CITY BOARD EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT EDUC,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY 12224. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 18 BP 2495 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JW616 UT WOS:A1992JW61600007 ER PT J AU SMITH, DC BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP AF SMITH, DC BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP TI LEAD INGESTION, CERAMIC GLAZE-ALASKA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 781-783, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 18 BP 2498 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JW616 UT WOS:A1992JW61600008 ER PT J AU ING, D GLASS, RI LEBARON, CW LEW, JF AF ING, D GLASS, RI LEBARON, CW LEW, JF TI PUBLICATION OF CDC SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 623, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP ING, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 18 BP 2502 EP 2502 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JW616 UT WOS:A1992JW61600009 ER PT J AU MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ FROEHLKE, RG EWIGMAN, BG AF MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ FROEHLKE, RG EWIGMAN, BG TI THE SPECTRUM OF INTENT IN FATAL CHILD-ABUSE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP MCCLAIN, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 18 BP 2517 EP 2518 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JW616 UT WOS:A1992JW61600018 PM 1404817 ER PT J AU REDD, SC BLOLAND, PB KAZEMBE, PN PATRICK, E TEMBENU, R CAMPBELL, CC AF REDD, SC BLOLAND, PB KAZEMBE, PN PATRICK, E TEMBENU, R CAMPBELL, CC TI USEFULNESS OF CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITIONS IN GUIDING THERAPY FOR AFRICAN CHILDREN WITH MALARIA OR PNEUMONIA SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; PERENNIAL TRANSMISSION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; DISEASE; INTENSE AB The World Health Organisation has developed disease-specific clinical case-definitions to guide management of children with fever or cough, the cardinal signs of malaria and pneumonia. To assess the usefulness of the case-definitions and to investigate their interaction, we studied children with fever or cough brought to a hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. For all children, a thick blood smear was examined for Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Chest radiography was done only for children with parasitaemia and those who satisfied the clinical case-definition for pneumonia; others were assumed to have normal chest radiographs. Of 1599 enrolled children, 566 (35%) had parasitaemia and 116 had radiographic evidence of pneumonia; 43 had both pneumonia and parasitaemia. Of the 471 children who met the clinical definition for pneumonia, 449 (95%) also met the malaria clinical definition. Among children with radiographic evidence of pneumonia, the clinical definition for malaria was not predictive of parasitaemia (sensitivity 93%, specificity 5%). Whether malaria parasitaemia was present or absent, the pneumonia clinical definition distinguished children with and without radiographic evidence of pneumonia (sensitivity and specificity >60%). Children who satisifed the pneumonia clinical definition were more likely to have radiographic evidence of pneumonia (odds ratio 10.4, 95% confidence interval 5.2-20.7), parasitaemia (1.6, 1.2-2.2), or both at the same time (4.2, 2.1-8.4) than were children who did not meet the definition. Children who satisfy the malaria and pneumonia clinical definitions need treatment for both disorders. Scarce diagnostic methods, especially microscopy, are needed for more specific treatment of children with fever and cough. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MALAWI MINIST HLTH,LILONGWE,MALAWI. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 7 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8828 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93160-O PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JX134 UT WOS:A1992JX13400012 PM 1359219 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W WOODS, T GREEN, D FUKUDA, K GIUSTI, R CASTILLO, L ARMIEN, B GRACIA, F KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W WOODS, T GREEN, D FUKUDA, K GIUSTI, R CASTILLO, L ARMIEN, B GRACIA, F KAPLAN, JE TI DETECTION OF HTLV-II IN BREAST-MILK OF HTLV-II INFECTED MOTHERS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS TYPE-I; TRANSMISSION C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 7 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8828 BP 1157 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93182-M PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JX134 UT WOS:A1992JX13400024 PM 1359225 ER PT J AU MURPHY, M MOSTOW, SR CONNER, J YONCHA, B HOYT, MA WELCH, S ALLISON, M BERG, D PETERSON, D ALLRED, JM MCKEE, P MAYS, V RUBEN, FL HARRIS, M BORDES, C THEUS, O COSTELLO, AM FRIEDMAN, S ROGERS, J TOTH, R WIEBERS, K GALLO, W MCALEXANDER, S BORGES, M AF MURPHY, M MOSTOW, SR CONNER, J YONCHA, B HOYT, MA WELCH, S ALLISON, M BERG, D PETERSON, D ALLRED, JM MCKEE, P MAYS, V RUBEN, FL HARRIS, M BORDES, C THEUS, O COSTELLO, AM FRIEDMAN, S ROGERS, J TOTH, R WIEBERS, K GALLO, W MCALEXANDER, S BORGES, M TI INFLUENZA VACCINATION LEVELS, 1989-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 772-775, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. AMER LUNG ASSOC DELAWARE,WILMINGTON,DE. GULF COAST LUNG ASSOC,ST PETERSBURG,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,DIST 8,JACKSONVILLE,FL. AMER LUNG ASSOC MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN. AMER LUNG ASSOC QUEENS,FOREST HILLS,NY. NEW YORK LUNG ASSOC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK CITY HLTH DEPT,DIV IMMUNIZABLE DIS,NEW YORK,NY. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. S DAKOTA LUNG ASSOC,SIOUX FALLS,SD. AMER LUNG ASSOC WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 4 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 17 BP 2360 EP 2360 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JV694 UT WOS:A1992JV69400008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, ES PARSONS, W WEINBERG, CR SHORE, DL MATHEWS, J PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL AF JOHNSON, ES PARSONS, W WEINBERG, CR SHORE, DL MATHEWS, J PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL TI CURRENT SERUM LEVELS OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN IN PHENOXY ACID HERBICIDE APPLICATORS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HISTORICAL LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID DIOXINS AB Background: Workers who sprayed phenoxy acid herbicides, especially those who sprayed before 1975, may have been exposed to significant amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent animal carcinogen present in herbicide preparations as a contaminant. Purpose: The aims of this study were (a) to determine serum levels of TCDD in a representative sample of workers occupationally exposed to the agent during the spraying of phenoxy acid herbicides; (b) to compare serum levels in workers exposed before 1965, when concentrations in herbicide products were unregulated and high, with levels in workers exposed after 1974, when concentrations were lower as a result of government regulations worldwide; and (c) to examine the correlation, if any, between serum levels and duration of employment in spraying. Methods: Thirty-seven subjects were randomly selected from a group of 654 men who had sprayed the herbicides 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Australia for at least 12 months. The workers were classified as follows: eight who sprayed only before 1965, nine who sprayed only during the period after 1964 and before 1975, and 20 who sprayed during the period after 1974 and before 1991. Serum from the workers was analyzed for TCDD by high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry at a detection limit of 0.6 parts per trillion (ppt) on a lipid-weight basis. In addition, rates of exposure to TCDD were estimated, as were TCDD serum concentrations at termination of employment and intensity of herbicide use. Results: Only one worker, with a serum TCDD level of 34 ppt, had a serum level higher than the maximum level of 26 ppt reported for the general population. Assuming a half-life of 7.1 years, we estimated the mean exposure rates to be 2.7, 2.3, and 0.06 ppt/mo for the three epochs, respectively. We found the highest serum level of TCDD at the time of cessation of employment to be 329 ppt. Calendar period and intensity of use of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D were statistically significant determinants of rate of exposure to TCDD, but 2,4-D was associated with exposure rate only for the pre-1975 periods. Estimated rates prior to 1965 were more than an order of magnitude higher than those after 1974. Conclusion: The highest estimated exposure rate was 20.7 ppt/mo, which suggests that some sprayers may have been exposed to levels comparable with those that produce cancer in laboratory animals. C1 WESTAT CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. MENZIES SCH HLTH RES,DARWIN,NT,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JOHNSON, ES (reprint author), NIEHS,DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,MD A3-05,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Mathews, John/0000-0001-9029-7140 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 4 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 21 BP 1648 EP 1653 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.21.1648 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JW439 UT WOS:A1992JW43900013 PM 1433346 ER PT J AU BRAUN, MM KILBURN, JO SMITHWICK, RW COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D SILCOX, VA GNAORE, E ADJORLOLO, G DECOCK, KM AF BRAUN, MM KILBURN, JO SMITHWICK, RW COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D SILCOX, VA GNAORE, E ADJORLOLO, G DECOCK, KM TI HIV-INFECTION AND PRIMARY RESISTANCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE AIDS; HIV; TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTION; DRUG RESISTANCE; AFRICA ID IVORY-COAST; TUBERCULOSIS; RISK AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs, and to relate this resistance to HIV serologic status. Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study. Setting: The two major outpatient tuberculosis clinics in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa. Patients: Sixty individuals with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum smears positive for acid-fast bacilli. Main outcome measures: HIV serologic status and in vitro testing for susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to antituberculosis drugs. Results: M. tuberculosis was isolated from 82% (49 out of 60) of sputum specimens. Thirty-five per cent (17 out of 49) were obtained from HIV-seropositive and 65% (32 out of 49) from HIV-seronegative patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of resistant isolates from HIV-seropositive versus HIV-seronegative patients, although the relatively small sample size limited power. Of the total number of isolates, 17% were resistant to isoniazid; resistance was less to streptomycin (7%), rifampin (2%), pyrazinamide (0%), and ethambutol (0%). Eighteen and 21% of mycobacterial isolates from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals, respectively, were resistant to one or more of these drugs. Conclusions: Surveys of this type are useful in planning and evaluating tuberculosis preventive therapy in individuals with dual infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJET RETRO-CL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1992 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1327 EP 1330 DI 10.1097/00002030-199211000-00014 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JY796 UT WOS:A1992JY79600014 PM 1335274 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW AF BUEHLER, JW TI THE SURVEILLANCE DEFINITION FOR AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1462 EP 1464 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1462 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200002 PM 1332519 ER PT J AU CASTRO, KG VALDISERRI, RO CURRAN, JW AF CASTRO, KG VALDISERRI, RO CURRAN, JW TI PERSPECTIVES ON HIV AIDS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION FROM THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE ON AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The Eighth International AIDS Symposium in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, provided updated scientific and programmatic information on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to thousands of interested participants. As in the other scientific areas, the amount of information presented in epidemiology and prevention was overwhelming; however, the scientific progress described was steady but incremental. This commentary summarizes progress made in three selected areas that were highlighted during the meeting's scientific session and a fourth that received widespread media attention: (1) the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual women; (2) tuberculosis as an increasing opportunistic pathogen HIV-infected persons; (3) prevention research, practice, and policy; and (4) preliminary reports of severe immunodeficiency in persons without evident HIV infection. In order to stem HIV transmission worldwide, a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. Currently, in the absence of such a vaccine, it is crucial for all of the world's communities to apply the best science-based prevention methods available. RP CASTRO, KG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 104 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1465 EP 1470 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1465 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200003 PM 1443293 ER PT J AU CATES, W STEWART, FH TRUSSELL, J AF CATES, W STEWART, FH TRUSSELL, J TI THE QUEST FOR WOMENS PROPHYLACTIC METHODS - HOPES VS SCIENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONOXYNOL-9; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION AB The companion article by Rosenberg and Gollub in this issue summarizes data from 10 observational studies and concludes that female-controlled contraceptive methods, under typical conditions, are comparable to condoms in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and should be merchandized as such. While we agree that chemical and mechanical contraceptives provide protection against some sexually transmitted diseases, we think the authors have overstated the scientific case for these methods, especially in comparison with the condom. We think the current data remain inconclusive regarding the absolute protection of spermicides against the human immunodeficiency virus and their level of protection-relative to that of the condom-against other sexually transmitted diseases. Three reasons account for our differences: the limitations in the comparative data; the reported adverse effects of spermicides on vaginal conditions, including genital ulcers; and the relative value of condoms, even under typical conditions, in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. For these reasons, we would currently counsel both women and men who practice high-risk sexual behaviours to use condoms as their first line of defense. If this is unacceptable, the female barriers become a fallback position to protect against bacterial sexually transmitted diseases. C1 VALLEY CTR WOMENS HLTH,SACRAMENTO,CA. PRINCETON UNIV,OFF POPULAT RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF C08,DIV TRAINING,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1479 EP 1482 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1479 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200006 PM 1443296 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, L BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, MW COSTA, S HIDALGO, J HOLMES, R LIEB, L SHIELDS, A WHYTE, BM AF ROSENBLUM, L BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, MW COSTA, S HIDALGO, J HOLMES, R LIEB, L SHIELDS, A WHYTE, BM TI THE COMPLETENESS OF AIDS CASE REPORTING, 1988 - A MULTISITE COLLABORATIVE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting. Methods. Statewide or hospital-specific 1988 medical records were linked with AIDS surveillance in six sites. Medical records were reviewed for persons who had diagnoses suggesting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of AIDS but were not reported to AIDS surveillance by September 1989. Results. Among 4500 hospitalized persons diagnosed with AIDS through 1988 in the six sites, completeness of reporting was 92% (95% CI = 89%, 96%; range across sites = 89% to 97%). Completeness of reporting was high in males (92%), females (95%), Whites (95%), Blacks (90%), Hispanics (92%), men reporting sexual contact with men (92%), persons reporting was 99% In Medicaid enrollees (two states), completeness of reporting was 99% (95% CI = 95%, 99%) in inpatients and 90% (95% CI = 79%, 90%) in outpatients. Of previously reported persons with AIDS, 82% were reported within 5 months of diagnosis. Conclusion. Completeness of AIDS reporting was high, overall and in each major demographic and HIV exposure group. These results demonstrate that current surveillance data in these six sites provide timely and accurate information regarding persons with AIDS. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. STATE DEPT HLTH & MENT HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. ALABAMA DEPT HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL. DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. STATE WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROSENBLUM, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1495 EP 1499 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1495 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200010 PM 1443299 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW HANSON, DL CHU, SY AF BUEHLER, JW HANSON, DL CHU, SY TI THE REPORTING OF HIV AIDS DEATHS IN WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; COCAINE; IMPACT; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC; RISK; FREQUENCY AB Objective This study was undertaken to assess the completeness of vital statistics and case reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality in women 15 through 44 years of age. Methods. We used vital records to determine the number of deaths attributed to HIV infection and excess deaths due to causes that have increased in tandem with the HIV epidemic. Results. In 1988, among women 15 through 44 years of age, there were 1365 deaths with HIV infection listed as the underlying cause, 202 deaths with HIV infection listed as an associated cause, and 149 excess deaths due to conditions highly associated with HIV infection (subtotal = 1716). In addition, there were 780 excess deaths due to causes that may be related to HIV infection or illicit drug use (maximum estimate of HIV-related deaths = 2496). Of the deaths that occurred in 1988, 1532 were reported through AIDS surveillance (1668 deaths when adjusted for reporting delays). Conclusions. Underlying-cause-of-death vital records and AIDS surveillance identified 55% to 80% and 67% to 97%, respectively, of HIV-related deaths in women 15 through 44 years of age in 1988. The wide ranges of these estimates reflect the potential role of both HIV infection and drug use in contributing to excess mortality. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MS-G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1500 EP 1505 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1500 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200011 PM 1443300 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JE HARDY, AM CAHILL, K ARAL, S AF ANDERSON, JE HARDY, AM CAHILL, K ARAL, S TI HIV ANTIBODY TESTING AND POSTTEST COUNSELING IN THE UNITED-STATES - DATA FROM THE 1989 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB To see how successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing efforts have been in testing the United States population, particularly among those at increased risk for HIV infection, we analyzed data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey. Twenty percent of the NHIS sample (or, in terms of the general US population, an estimated 36 million persons) reported having been tested for HIV antibodies, mostly through blood donations. Although persons with increased risk of HIV infection had been tested and counseled at a much higher rate than the general population, the majority of this group had not yet been tested. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACT PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP ANDERSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1533 EP 1535 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1533 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JW902 UT WOS:A1992JW90200017 PM 1443305 ER PT J AU PLESS, M JURANEK, D KOZARSKY, P STEURER, F TAPIA, G BERMUDEZ, H AF PLESS, M JURANEK, D KOZARSKY, P STEURER, F TAPIA, G BERMUDEZ, H TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHAGAS-DISEASE IN A HYPERENDEMIC AREA OF COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA - A CLINICAL-STUDY INCLUDING ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, SEROREACTIVITY TO TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI, XENODIAGNOSIS, AND DOMICILIARY TRIATOMINE DISTRIBUTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC MORBIDITY; RURAL-COMMUNITY; ABNORMALITIES AB A clinicoepidemiologic survey of Chagas' disease was conducted in the remote rural village of Tabacal in southcentral Cochabamba, Bolivia. In June and July 1988, we interviewed and examined 153 of 160 villagers > five years old for signs and symptoms of Chagas' disease. All participants had electrocardiograms (EKGs) and serologic analysis performed, and 20 villagers underwent xenodiagnosis. All 40 houses in the village were examined for triatomes, and house construction materials and defects were recorded. Seventy-four percent of all villagers had serologic evidence of Chagas' disease, and were defined as cases. Cases were three and one-half times more likely to have signs and symptoms of heart failure than non-cases (P = 0.2) and were nine times more likely to have EKG conduction abnormalities than non-cases (P = 0.02). Thirty-three percent of all EKG conduction defects occurred in individuals < 35 years of age. All dwellings had evidence of triatome infestation; 72% of the triatomes collected were positive for metacyclic trypanosomes. We conclude that Trypanosoma cruzi infection is highly prevalent in Tabacal and is a common cause of morbidity in that region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN SIMON UNIV,CHAGAS LAB,COCHABAMBA,BOLIVIA. RP PLESS, M (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 47 IS 5 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KA498 UT WOS:A1992KA49800002 PM 1449194 ER PT J AU NAGATAKE, T BRODERSON, JR TEGOSHI, T COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M AF NAGATAKE, T BRODERSON, JR TEGOSHI, T COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M TI RENAL PATHOLOGY IN OWL MONKEYS VACCINATED WITH PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM ASEXUAL BLOOD-STAGE SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE ANTIGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; FREUND ADJUVANT; IMMUNIZATION; VIVAX; INFECTION; CHILDREN; MALARIA; TRIALS AB Renal specimens from Aotus monkeys were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine pathologic changes following vaccination with synthetic peptides cor-responding to the 35-kD, 55-kD, and 83-kD asexual blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum. The monkeys were vaccinated and later challenged with P. falciparum. In the monkeys vaccinated with Centers for Disease Control peptides (group I), specimens from four of six postvaccinated animals had mild to severe mesangial proliferation and two had diffuse interstitial nephritis. Specimens from three monkeys vaccinated with Colombia peptides (group II) had mild to severe mesangial proliferation and one had interstitial nephritis. In the hybrid polymer-vaccinated monkeys (group III), specimens from three animals had mild to moderate mesangial proliferation and one had severe interstitial nephritis. On the other hand, the control group immunized with bovine serum albumin (group IV) showed that specimens from three animals had mild to severe mesangial proliferation and two had severe interstitial nephritis. In the nonimmunized group (group V), specimens from three animals had moderate to severe mesangial proliferation and two had severe and mild interstitial nephritis. Immunohistochemical analysis using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method revealed mesangial deposits of P. falciparum antigens in 11 of 14 vaccinated monkeys and in five of 10 unvaccinated controls. These results show that treatment of monkeys with prospective malaria vaccines does not increase the frequency of occurrence or of the severity of renal lesions. These data thus provide a baseline for assessing the safety of synthetic malarial vaccines in the future. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NAGATAKE, T (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,2085 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 47 IS 5 BP 614 EP 620 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KA498 UT WOS:A1992KA49800011 PM 1449202 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, C MARIANOS, D JAFFE, H AF CIESIELSKI, C MARIANOS, D JAFFE, H TI HIV TRANSMISSION IN A DENTAL PRACTICE - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP CIESIELSKI, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 9 BP 794 EP 794 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JV424 UT WOS:A1992JV42400020 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K SELEVAN, SG WAGENER, DK LYBARGER, JA AF SEXTON, K SELEVAN, SG WAGENER, DK LYBARGER, JA TI ESTIMATING HUMAN EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS - AVAILABILITY AND UTILITY OF EXISTING DATABASES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Information about human exposures to environmental agents is a crucial component of informed decisions about protection of public health. Results from an inventory of exposure-related databases are used to examine the value of exposure information for risk assessment, risk management, surveillance of status and trends, and epidemiologic studies. Findings indicate that current and future exposure-related databases should include (1) standardized procedures for the collection, storage, analysis, and reporting of data; (2) an enhanced ability to compare data over time, i.e., conduct comparison studies of ''old'' and ''new'' methods; (3) mechanisms for coordination and cooperation among public and private-sector organizations with respect to the design, maintenance, exchange, and review of information systems; (4) measurements of actual exposures and dose for relevant human populations; and (5) data collection, storage, and retrieval methods that permit easy manipulation of information for both model building and testing. C1 US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600001 PM 1485803 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR GOMEZ, M GREENFIELD, S HALL, L HULKA, BS KAYE, WE LYBARGER, JA MCKENZIE, DH MURPHY, RS WELLINGTON, DG WOODRUFF, T AF GOLDMAN, LR GOMEZ, M GREENFIELD, S HALL, L HULKA, BS KAYE, WE LYBARGER, JA MCKENZIE, DH MURPHY, RS WELLINGTON, DG WOODRUFF, T TI USE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES FOR STATUS AND TRENDS ANALYSIS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION AB Exposure databases are useful for monitoring status and trends in environmental health. However, other supporting data are usually needed to infer human exposure or internal dose. Program planning and evaluation, environmental health surveillance, epidemiologic research, and contributions to international efforts are four major purposes for monitoring environmental exposure status and trends. Although databases play an important role in monitoring human exposure, certain methodological problems need to be overcome. The work group developed six criteria for meeting information needs for human exposure assessment. Areas that need attention are (1) specification of location, (2) specification of facility and chemical identifiers, (3) documentation of special populations at risk, (4) provision of early warning of new problems, (5) monitoring changes over time, and (6) enhancement of documentation. We tested these criteria by examining six available databases that might be used for monitoring exposure to contaminants in drinking water. Available data fell short of information needs. We drew four conclusions and offered several recommendations for each. First, available data systems lack adequate measures of human exposure. Second, data for monitoring exposures for many important population subgroups and environmental settings are inadequate. Third, an ''early warning'' system that monitors human exposures is needed. Fourth, designers of data-collection systems should consider the needs of users who monitor status and trends of human exposure. C1 NCI,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD. SYST APPLICAT INC,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94903. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. US EPA,STAT POLICY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,5900 HOLLIS ST,SUITE E,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 430 EP 438 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600004 PM 1485806 ER PT J AU MATANOSKI, G SELEVAN, SG AKLAND, G BORNSCHEIN, RL DOCKERY, D EDMONDS, L GREIFE, A MEHLMAN, M SHAW, GM ELLIOTT, E AF MATANOSKI, G SELEVAN, SG AKLAND, G BORNSCHEIN, RL DOCKERY, D EDMONDS, L GREIFE, A MEHLMAN, M SHAW, GM ELLIOTT, E TI ROLE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES IN EPIDEMIOLOGY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CANCER MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; DRINKING-WATER; DISEASE; COUNTIES; CLUSTERS; ASTHMA AB At present, exposure databases record data primarily for regulatory purposes; they have not focused on serving the needs of epidemiologists or public health. However, the modification of exposure databases could facilitate their use in epidemiology. Characteristics necessary to enhance the use of all databases include easy access by users; documentation of methods, sampling bias, error, and inconsistences; widespread coverage in time and space; and methods and measures for estimating exposure of individuals as well as populations. Also needed are exposure scenarios and models to estimate exposures for geographic areas and time intervals not currently sampled. Multidisciplinary teams are needed to examine current databases, to review strategies for improving data collection, and to suggest and help implement appropriate changes. A long-term goal is to develop and validate data from exposure scenarios and models using data on the relationship of exposure to doses measured in humans. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS FDN,EMERYVILLE,CA. RP MATANOSKI, G (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 280,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600005 PM 1485807 ER PT J AU LAL, RB MAINOLFI, E ROTHLEIN, R AF LAL, RB MAINOLFI, E ROTHLEIN, R TI ELEVATED LEVELS OF CICAM-1 IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS TYPE-I ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY AND ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ICAM-1; SERUM C1 BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMACEUT INC,DEPT IMMUNOL,RIDGEFIELD,CT. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 80 IS 9 BP 2434 EP 2435 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW436 UT WOS:A1992JW43600045 PM 1358263 ER PT J AU POTISCHMAN, N BYERS, T HOUGHTON, L ROOT, M NEMOTO, T CAMPBELL, TC AF POTISCHMAN, N BYERS, T HOUGHTON, L ROOT, M NEMOTO, T CAMPBELL, TC TI EFFECTS OF BREAST-CANCER TREATMENTS ON PLASMA NUTRIENT LEVELS - IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SERUM VITAMIN-A; BETA-CAROTENE; ESTROGEN BINDING; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; TAMOXIFEN; DIET; LIPIDS; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA; RETINOL; HISTORY AB The interpretation of case-control studies in which blood nutrient levels are examined as etiological factors in cancer is complicated by the possibility that either the disease or its treatment may alter these levels. Circulating levels of selected nutrients were examined prior to diagnostic biopsy and compared with levels 3 to 4 months after diagnosis among 71 women with breast cancer and 95 women with benign breast disease. Among women with benign breast disease or women with breast cancer who were not given postsurgical adjuvant drug therapy, levels of alpha-carotene, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and triglycerides did not change over time. In contrast, women who received chemotherapy had increased levels of cholesterol, retinol, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, and women on antiestrogen therapy showed increased levels of triglycerides and alpha-tocopherol. Overall, the concentrations of carotenoids (lycopene, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene) did not change in breast cancer cases, although subgroup analyses showed increased levels of beta-carotene among cases not receiving drug treatment and decreased levels among those receiving antiestrogens. In summary, blood levels of some nutrients did not appear to be affected by breast cancer or its treatments, but changes were noted for levels of plasma lipids, tocopherols, retinol, and beta-carotene. Those investigating the etiological relationship between breast cancer and circulating nutrients need to consider these effects in designing and interpreting epidemiological studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. SISTERS HOSP,CTR BREAST CARE,BUFFALO,NY 14214. RP POTISCHMAN, N (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ENVIRONM STUDIES SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 1 IS 7 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY264 UT WOS:A1992JY26400007 PM 1302568 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS JOY, D BARTHOLOW, BN HARRISON, JS BOLAN, G DOUGLAS, JM SALTZMAN, LE MOSS, PM DELGADO, W AF DOLL, LS JOY, D BARTHOLOW, BN HARRISON, JS BOLAN, G DOUGLAS, JM SALTZMAN, LE MOSS, PM DELGADO, W TI SELF-REPORTED CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG ADULT HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE SEXUAL ABUSE; HOMOSEXUALITY; ADOLESCENCE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ID CHILDREN; ORIENTATION; BOYS; RISK AB From May 1989 through April 1990, 1,001 adult homosexual and bisexual men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics were interviewed regarding potentially abusive sexual contacts during childhood and adolescence. Thirty-seven percent of participants reported they had been encouraged or forced to have sexual contact before age 19 with an older or more powerful partner, 94% occurred with men. Median age of the participant at first contact was 10; median age difference between partners was 11 years. Fifty-one percent involved use of force; 33% involved anal sex. Black and Hispanic men were more likely than white men to report such sexual contact. Using developmentally-based criteria to define sexual abuse, 93% of participants reporting sexual contact with an older or more powerful partner were classified as sexually abused. Our data suggest the risk of sexual abuse may be high among some male youth and increased attention should be devoted to prevention as well as early identification and treatment. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. HOWARD BROWN MEM CLIN,CHICAGO,IL. RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 6 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1016/0145-2134(92)90087-8 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA KD978 UT WOS:A1992KD97800007 PM 1486514 ER PT J AU WEAVER, RE AF WEAVER, RE TI INUTERO INFECTION DUE TO PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP WEAVER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 15 IS 5 BP 881 EP 882 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JX339 UT WOS:A1992JX33900019 PM 1445989 ER PT J AU HOPEWELL, P CYNAMON, M STARK, J ISEMAN, M OBRIEN, R AF HOPEWELL, P CYNAMON, M STARK, J ISEMAN, M OBRIEN, R TI EVALUATION OF NEW ANTIINFECTIVE DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY THE MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INTRACELLULARE INFECTION; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; AIDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISEASE; THERAPY AB The bacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex are ubiquitous; thus it is often difficult to distinguish environmental contamination from colonization or infection. Patients with either pulmonary or disseminated infection may be enrolled in clinical trials. Disseminated disease occurs mostly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In general, a randomized, active-control, double-blinded clinical trial is preferred; there should at least be a blinded evaluator. With regard to immunosuppressed populations, new antimycobacterial drugs need to be evaluated not only for the treatment but also for the prevention of disease. For trials of prophylaxis a placebo-controlled design is ethical until a drug is proven effective; then the use of an active-control regimen is appropriate. Since no regimen has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment or prevention of disease caused by the M. avium complex, demonstration of the superiority of the study regimen to the control regimen should be the objective of the clinical trial. C1 SYRACUSE VET ADM CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,SYRACUSE,NY. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL JEWISH HOSP,DENVER,CO. RP HOPEWELL, P (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,CHEST SERV,ROOM 5K1 NEW HOSP,1001 POTRERO AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HHS 223-88-1301] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 15 SU 1 BP S296 EP S306 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JX586 UT WOS:A1992JX58600040 PM 1477245 ER PT J AU WOODLEY, CL FLOYD, MM SILCOX, VA AF WOODLEY, CL FLOYD, MM SILCOX, VA TI EVALUATION OF SYNGENE DNA-DNA PROBE ASSAYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX AND THE MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; INTRACELLULARE; SCROFULACEUM; IMMUNOASSAY; SEROVARS; PATTERNS; CULTURE AB Two hundred mycobacterial cultures were used to evaluate two alkaline-phosphatase-labeled DNA probe (SNAP) kits developed by Syngene (San Diego, CA) for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium complex. The M. tuberculosis complex SNAP probe, when compared with standard biochemical identification tests, gave results that were in agreement at 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity. Ninety-nine M. avium complex strains that were previously tested by the Gen-Probe M. avium complex probe assays and mycolic acid analysis were included to evaluate the M. avium complex SNAP assay which contained three probes, A (avium), I (intracellulare), and X. Eight strains identified as members of the M. avium complex by biochemical tests did not react with the three SNAP probes. These strains were also negative by the Gen-Probe assays. However, 23 strains identified as M. avium complex by biochemical tests and mycolic acid analysis and negative with the Gen-Probe assays gave positive results with the X probe and negative results with the A and I probes of the SNAP assay. RP WOODLEY, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 8 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(92)90067-4 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KG342 UT WOS:A1992KG34200003 PM 1478047 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA TI BIOMARKERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY - SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BLADDER-CANCER; RISK AB The current generation of biologic markers have three characteristics that differentiate them from previous ones. These include the ability to detect xenobiotics at concentrations at the cellular and molecular level, to detect earlier biologic changes presumptive of disease or disease risk, and to identify a detailed continuum of events between an exposure and resultant disease. If biomarkers are to enhance cancer epidemiology, they must be valid, reliable, and practical. When these characteristics have not been previously demonstrated, pilot studies should be conducted prior to the primary study. Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration is required so that useful markers are selected and that collection and handling, assay, and interpretation are appropriate. The status of many biomarkers is that they have been developed in the laboratory but lack validation for field use. Validation of a marker for use in a population requires attention to issues of background prevalence, sample size, natural history, persistence, variability, confounding factors, and predictive value. Additionally, practical features such as subject preparation, access to specimens, specimen storage aspects, and costs must be clarified. Ultimately the use of biologic markers in epidemiologic studies will depend on how well the markers increase ability to reduce misclassification, provide for better interpretation of exposure-disease associations, and increase opportunities for prevention. Validation studies and general research using biomarkers also have clinical, ethical, and legal implications. These range from communicating uncertainty about the meaning of a marker to the kinds of societal response that result when groups or individuals are identified as having an ''abnormal'' marker frequency. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 98 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.2307/3431261 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KG637 UT WOS:A1992KG63700021 PM 1486843 ER PT J AU LICHTVELD, MY RODENBECK, SE LYBARGER, JA AF LICHTVELD, MY RODENBECK, SE LYBARGER, JA TI THE FINDINGS OF THE AGENCY FOR TOXIC-SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY MEDICAL WASTE TRACKING ACT REPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; PUNCTURE WOUNDS; INJURIES; WORKERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEEDLESTICK AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) report ''The Public Health Implications of Medical Waste: A Report to Congress'' has been finalized and submitted to Congress. The report is a comprehensive review of all available data and information on the subject. Based on the data developed in the report, ATSDR concludes that the general public is not likely to be adversely affected by medical waste generated in the traditional health setting. However, the increase of in-home health care and other sources of nonregulated medical waste (e.g, intravenous drug users) provides opportunities for the general public to contact medical waste. In addition, ATSDR concludes that public health concerns exist for selected occupations involved with medical waste. These populations include janitorial and laundry workers, nurses, emergency medical personnel, and refuse workers. The ATSDR report also defines what material should be managed as medical waste and identifies research needs related to medical waste. RP LICHTVELD, MY (reprint author), AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTATION E32,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 98 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.2307/3431278 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KG637 UT WOS:A1992KG63700038 PM 1486856 ER PT J AU SINKS, T LUSHNIAK, B HAUSSLER, BJ SNIEZEK, J DENG, JF ROPER, P DILL, P COATES, R AF SINKS, T LUSHNIAK, B HAUSSLER, BJ SNIEZEK, J DENG, JF ROPER, P DILL, P COATES, R TI RENAL-CELL CANCER AMONG PAPERBOARD PRINTING WORKERS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIC-2657 (MANUFACTURERS OF FOLDING PAPERBOARD BOXES); RENAL CARCINOMA; PIGMENTS; INKS; DICHLOROBENZIDINE; OMICRON-TOLUIDINE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; MORTALITY; OCCUPATION; BLADDER NEOPLASMS AB A physician's alert prompted us to investigate workers' cancer risk at a paperboard printing manufacturer. We conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of all 2,050 persons who had worked at the facility for more than 1 day, calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for bladder and renal cell cancer, and conducted a nested case-control study for renal cell cancer. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from all causes [SMR = 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-1.2] and all cancers (SMR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0) were not greater than expected. One bladder cancer and one renal cell cancer were included in the mortality analysis. Six incident renal cell cancers were observed, however, compared with less than two renal cell cancers expected (SIR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.4-8.1). Based on a nested case-control analysis, the risk of renal cell cancer was associated with overall length of employment but was not limited to any single department or work process. Although pigments containing congeners of dichlorobenzidine and o-toluidine had been used at the plant, environmental sampling could not confirm any current exposure. Several limitations and a potential selection bias limit the inferences that can be drawn. RP SINKS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,1600 CLIFTON RD,F46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1097/00001648-199211000-00004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY337 UT WOS:A1992JY33700004 PM 1420513 ER PT J AU SERDULA, M BYERS, T COATES, R MOKDAD, A SIMOES, EJ ELDRIDGE, L AF SERDULA, M BYERS, T COATES, R MOKDAD, A SIMOES, EJ ELDRIDGE, L TI ASSESSING CONSUMPTION OF HIGH-FAT FOODS - THE EFFECT OF GROUPING FOODS INTO SINGLE QUESTIONS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; DATA COLLECTION; MISCLASSIFICATION AB Questionnaires on the frequency of consumption of foods are commonly used to measure dietary intake in epidemiologic research. To reduce the burden on respondents, questionnaires are often shortened by combining inquiries on similar foods into a single question. The effect of this practice on the reporting of dietary intake has never been investigated, however. To address this issue, we used two food frequency questionnaires in a telephone survey designed to rank adult residents of Alabama by their intake of dietary fat. One questionnaire included 29 questions about separate high-fat foods, whereas the other grouped these same foods into 14 questions. Compared with the 443 respondents interviewed using the 29-item separated-foods questionnaire, the 465 respondents responding to the 14-item grouped-foods questionnaire reported lower average intakes of the foods. In addition, a substantially higher percentage of respondents to the grouped-foods questionnaire reported never consuming the foods. RP SERDULA, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1097/00001648-199211000-00007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY337 UT WOS:A1992JY33700007 PM 1420515 ER PT J AU ELLENBERGER, DL LAMMIE, PJ AF ELLENBERGER, DL LAMMIE, PJ TI IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF JIRD LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSIVENESS TO BRUGIA-PAHANGI RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S13 SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEMATODES; FILARIASIS; IMMUNOREGULATION; PEPTIDES; RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; EXPERIMENTAL FILARIASIS; INFECTED JIRDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ANTI-SM; IMMUNOREGULATION; EPITOPE; CELLS; SUPPRESSION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MS F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00007, Y02-00005] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0014-4894(92)90214-U PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JW787 UT WOS:A1992JW78700004 PM 1385208 ER PT J AU LIEB, LE CONWAY, GA HEDDERMAN, M YAO, J KERNDT, PR AF LIEB, LE CONWAY, GA HEDDERMAN, M YAO, J KERNDT, PR TI RACIAL MISCLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN-INDIANS WITH AIDS IN LOS-ANGELES COUNTY SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHNIC GROUPS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN ID DISEASES; MORTALITY AB American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) appear to be underrepresented in AIDS surveillance statistics. We estimated the accuracy of racial classification and reporting completeness of AIDS among AI/ANs in Los Angeles County by surveying community-based organizations (CBOs) that provide services to persons with AIDS and then comparing the survey to AIDS surveillance data. The surveyed CBOs reviewed 6,500 records and found 60 Native American (the classification used by CBOs for AI/ANs) clients with AIDS compared with six AI/AN AIDS cases reported to the Los Angeles County AIDS surveillance registry. Racial classification was evaluated for 37 (62%) of the 60 Native American CBO clients. Only 11 (30%) of the 37 were verified as AI/ANs. The remaining 26 (70%) misunderstood the racial nomenclature and were reclassified by the CBOs as other races. Of 10 verified AI/AN clients for whom names were available, eight (80%) had been reported to the AIDS registry. However, seven (88%) of these eight were erroneously reported as other races. Racial misclassification accounts for much of the underrepresentation of AI/ANs in the Los Angeles County AIDS surveillance registry. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AIDS PROJECT LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP LIEB, LE (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,AIDS EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU90205603-04] NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1137 EP 1141 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JV265 UT WOS:A1992JV26500013 PM 1403645 ER PT J AU COLLINS, MD AGUIRRE, M FACKLAM, RR SHALLCROSS, J WILLIAMS, AM AF COLLINS, MD AGUIRRE, M FACKLAM, RR SHALLCROSS, J WILLIAMS, AM TI GLOBICATELLA-SANGUIS GEN-NOV, SP-NOV, A NEW GRAM-POSITIVE CATALASE-NEGATIVE BACTERIUM FROM HUMAN SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS AB Phylogenetic studies were performed on some Gram-positive catalase-negative cocci from human clinical sources of uncertain taxonomic position. 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates represent a hitherto unknown line of descent within the low G + C Gram-positive bacteria for which the name Globicatella sanguis gen.nov., sp.nov. is proposed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP COLLINS, MD (reprint author), INST FOOD RES, DEPT MICROBIOL, READING LAB, EARLEY GATE, WHITEKNIGHTS RD, READING RG6 2EF, ENGLAND. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 5 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb05000.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JY117 UT WOS:A1992JY11700011 PM 1280253 ER PT J AU WEBER, R BRYAN, RT JURANEK, DD AF WEBER, R BRYAN, RT JURANEK, DD TI IMPROVED STOOL CONCENTRATION PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS IN FECAL SPECIMENS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; SEDIMENTATION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS AB Epidemiologic and laboratory data suggest that coprodiagnostic methods may fail to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in stool specimens of infected patients. To improve the efficacy of stool concentration procedures, we modified different steps of the Formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) stool concentration technique and evaluated these modifications by examining stool samples seeded with known numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Because these modifications failed to improve oocyst detection, we developed a new stool concentration technique that includes FEA sedimentation followed by layering and flotation over hypertonic sodium chloride solution to separate parasites from stool debris. Compared with the standard FEA procedure, this technique improved Cryptosporidium oocyst detection. The sensitivities of the two concentration techniques were similar for diarrheal (watery) stool specimens (100% of watery stool specimens seeded with 5,000 oocysts per g of stool were identified as positive by the new technique, compared with 90% of stools processed by the standard FEA technique). However, the most significant improvement in diagnosis occurred with formed stool specimens that were not fatty; 70 to 90& of formed stool specimens seeded with 5,000 oocysts were identified as positive by the new technique, compared with 0% of specimens processed by the standard FEA technique. One hundred percent of formed specimens seeded with 10,000 oocysts were correctly diagnosed by using the new technique, while 0 to 60% of specimens processed by the standard FEA technique were found positive. Similarly, only 50 to 90% of stool specimens seeded with 50,000 oocysts were identified as positive by using the standard FEA technique, compared with a 100% positive rate by the new technique. The new stool concentration procedure provides enhanced detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in all stool samples. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2869 EP 2873 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JU856 UT WOS:A1992JU85600023 PM 1452656 ER PT J AU HUMMEL, KB ERDMAN, DD HEATH, J BELLINI, WJ AF HUMMEL, KB ERDMAN, DD HEATH, J BELLINI, WJ TI BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION OF THE NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE OF MEASLES-VIRUS AND UTILITY OF THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN IN DIAGNOSTIC ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZATION TEST; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ANTIBODY; STRAIN AB A recombinant baculovirus that expresses the nucleoprotein gene of measles virus (Edmonston vaccine strain) under the transcriptional control of the polyhedrin promoter was generated. The expressed protein (B-MVN) comigrated with the authentic viral nucleoprotein as observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it was phosphorylated. The B-MVN protein proved to be reactive with monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunoprecipitations, and it was immunogenic, eliciting in mice antisera that recognized the native nucleoprotein. In addition, the B-MVN protein was evaluated as a replacement source of antigen for whole virus in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of measles virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. A capture IgM EIA with the B-MVN protein as antigen detected specific IgM antibodies in 18 (72%) acute- and all convalescent-phase specimens from 25 clinical measles cases and exceeded 99% specificity with 120 control specimens. An indirect IgG EIA with the B-MVN protein detected specific IgG antibodies in 129 of 131 (98%) serum specimens with antibodies to measles virus, and results obtained from testing 268 additional serum specimens were better correlated with measles virus-neutralizing antibodies than those obtained with a commercial EIA. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2874 EP 2880 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JU856 UT WOS:A1992JU85600024 PM 1452657 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL JORGENSEN, JH HARDY, DJ ALLEN, SD BAKER, CN FUCHS, PC MCLAUGHLIN, JC AF BARRY, AL JORGENSEN, JH HARDY, DJ ALLEN, SD BAKER, CN FUCHS, PC MCLAUGHLIN, JC TI INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR TESTING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TO ENOXACIN, OFLOXACIN, AND TEMAFLOXACIN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CONTROL LIMITS AB Haemophilus influenzae isolates were uniformly susceptible to enoxacin, ofloxacin, and temafloxacin. Zone diameter and MIC interpretive criteria were proposed to define susceptible populations so that mutants with diminished susceptibility might be detected when and if they appear in clinical specimens. Additional collaborative quality control studies defined MIC and zone size limits for tests with H. influenzae ATCC 49247. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANTIMICROB INVEST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 3013 EP 3015 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JU856 UT WOS:A1992JU85600052 PM 1333487 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, RG KIEHLBAUCH, JA GEBHART, CJ DETOLLA, LJ AF RUSSELL, RG KIEHLBAUCH, JA GEBHART, CJ DETOLLA, LJ TI UNCOMMON CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES IN INFANT MACACA-NEMESTRINA MONKEYS HOUSED IN A NURSERY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; SP-NOV; HYOINTESTINALIS; IDENTIFICATION; ANIMALS; JEJUNI; FECES AB Studies were conducted to characterize 18 isolates of Campylobacter spp. that could not be identified as either Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli. The isolates were cultured from specimens from 13 of 18 infant nonhuman primates during a prospective epidemiologic study reported previously. Phenotypic tests, DNA hybridization, and analysis of DNA coding for rRNA identified the isolates as C. butzleri (seven isolates), C. hyointestinalis (seven isolates), and C. fetus subsp. fetus or C. fetus subsp. fetus-like organisms (four isolates). Ribotype and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns indicated that there was heterogeneity among the isolates of C. butzleri and C. fetus subsp. fetus-like organisms. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,PROGRAM COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RUSSELL, RG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00166, RR03123] NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 11 BP 3024 EP 3027 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JU856 UT WOS:A1992JU85600055 PM 1452677 ER PT J AU PARK, BZ KINNEY, MB STEFFENSEN, JEM AF PARK, BZ KINNEY, MB STEFFENSEN, JEM TI PUTTING TEETH INTO YOUR PHYSICAL EXAM .2. ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CANCER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INDIAN HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. AMER DENT ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60611. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 585 EP 587 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JY168 UT WOS:A1992JY16800020 PM 1431775 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BD PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM AF PLIKAYTIS, BD PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM TI COMPUTER-ASSISTED PATTERN-RECOGNITION MODEL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA INCLUDING MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; BACTERIA AB We present a computerized pattern recognition model used to speciate mycobacteria based on their restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) banding patterns. DNA fragment migration distances were normalized to minimize lane-to-lane variability of band location both within and among gels through the inclusion of two internal size standards in each sample. The computer model used a library of normalized RFLP patterns derived from samples of known origin to create a probability matrix which was then used to classify the RFLP patterns from samples of unknown origin. The probability matrix contained the proportion of bands that fell within defined migration distance windows for each species in the library of reference samples. These proportions were then used to compute the likelihood that the banding pattern of an unknown sample corresponded to that of each species represented in the probability matrix. As a test of this process, we developed an automated, computer-assisted model for the identification of Mycobacterium species based on their normalized RFLP banding patterns. The probability matrix contained values for the M. tuberculosis complex, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii and M. gordonae species. Thirty-nine independent strains of known origin, not included in the probability matrix, were used to test the accuracy of the method in classifying unknowns: 37 of 39 (94.9 %) were classified correctly. An additional set of 16 strains of known origin representing species not included in the model were tested to gauge the robustness of the probability matrix. Every sample was correctly identified as an outlier, i.e. a member of a species not included in the original matrix. This strategy may be readily adapted to other chromatographic and electrophoretic systems that generate peak profiles or banding patterns. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PLIKAYTIS, BD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 138 BP 2265 EP 2273 PN 11 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JY118 UT WOS:A1992JY11800002 PM 1362211 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, JD SACK, DA RAO, MR CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR KAY, B AHMED, F BANIK, AK VANLOON, FPL YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR AF CLEMENS, JD SACK, DA RAO, MR CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR KAY, B AHMED, F BANIK, AK VANLOON, FPL YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR TI EVIDENCE THAT INACTIVATED ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES BOTH PREVENT AND MITIGATE VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 INFECTIONS IN A CHOLERA-ENDEMIC AREA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; BANGLADESH; EFFICACY AB In a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell only (WC) inactivated oral cholera vaccines in rural Bangladesh, active surveillance of selected neighborhoods during the first year after vaccination identified 127 Vibrio cholerae O1 infections among 3285 three-dose recipients. For each vaccine, protective efficacy was greater against symptomatic (57%, P < .05 for BS-WC; 58%, P < .05 for WC) than against asymptomatic infections (46%, P < .05 for BS-WC; 32%, P = .09 for WC), and protection against each grade of infection was demonstrable for both the classical and El Tor biotypes. Although vaccine protection against symptomatic infections was evident in both young children and older persons, only persons vaccinated at age > 5 years were protected against asymptomatic infections. These results suggest that the inactivated oral vaccines acted both to protect against intestinal colonization by V. cholerae O1 and to interrupt the pathogenic sequence of established infections. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PHYS NUCL,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL ENTER DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CLEMENS, JD (reprint author), NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,RM 640,EXECUT PL N,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1034 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JV015 UT WOS:A1992JV01500011 PM 1402014 ER PT J AU BUCHBINDER, SP KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA LIU, JY OMALLEY, PM UNDERWOOD, R HOLMBERG, SD AF BUCHBINDER, SP KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA LIU, JY OMALLEY, PM UNDERWOOD, R HOLMBERG, SD TI HERPES-ZOSTER AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK; AIDS; HIV; SEROPOSITIVITY; FOLLOW; COHORT AB The interaction of herpes zoster and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated in a cohort study of 287 homosexual men with well-defined dates of HIV seroconversion and 499 HIV-seronegative homosexual men. The incidence of herpes zoster was significantly higher among HIV-seropositive men (29.4 cases/1000 person-years) than among HIV-seronegative men (2.0 cases/1000 person-years); the overall age-adjusted relative risk (RR) was 16.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7-32.6). When compared with that of age-matched population controls from 1945 to 1959, the incidence of zoster was significantly higher among seropositive men (RR, 26.7; 95% Cl, 19.3-37.1) and slightly higher among seronegative men (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.0-3.3); the latter may reflect increasing background rates over several decades. The risk of herpes zoster was not associated with duration of HIV infection and was not predictive of faster progression to AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUCHBINDER, SP (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-08] NR 15 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1156 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JV015 UT WOS:A1992JV01500029 PM 1308664 ER PT J AU BUCKNER, C ROBERTS, CR FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, J REYES, GR HADLOCK, K CHAN, L GONGORABIACHI, A HJELLE, B LAL, RB AF BUCKNER, C ROBERTS, CR FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, J REYES, GR HADLOCK, K CHAN, L GONGORABIACHI, A HJELLE, B LAL, RB TI IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO THE IMMUNODOMINANT RECOMBINANT ENVELOPE EPITOPES OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-1 AND TYPE-2 IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID GP46; IDENTIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; VARIABILITY; INFECTION; INDUCTION; ANTIBODY; PEPTIDES AB The heterogeneity of immune responsiveness to the immunodominant epitopes of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I (MTA-1(162-209)) and II (K-55(162-205)) were determined in natural infections with HTLV-I and -II from diverse geographic areas (n = 285). Of the HTLV-I specimens confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all North American (n = 37) and Peruvian (n = 19) specimens reacted with MTA-1. Of HTLV-II specimens confirmed by PCR, 44 (96%) of 46 from North American blood donors, 28 (97%) of 29 from native Americans, and all from intravenous drug users (n = 29) reacted with K-55. Specimens from other geographic areas (Peru, 30; Brazil, 4; Mexico, 10; Italy, 5; Somalia 13; Ethiopia, 17; Japan, 32; and Jamaica, 15) all reacted either with MTA-1 or K-55. By synthetic peptide-based serologic typing, all of these specimens could be typed as HTLV-I or -II. In addition to the direct implications of these findings for diagnostic purposes, these data provide indirect evidence for the conservation of immunodominant HTLV(env) epitopes in diverse geographic populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY RES INST,DIV DIAGNOST RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA. DIAGNOST BIOTECHNOL,SINGAPORE SCI PK,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. CTR INVEST REG,MERIDA,MEXICO. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-55480]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-33811]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06596] NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1163 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JV015 UT WOS:A1992JV01500031 PM 1383353 ER PT J AU HOLTZMAN, D GREENE, BZ INGRAHAM, GC DAILY, LA DEMCHUK, DG KOLBE, LJ AF HOLTZMAN, D GREENE, BZ INGRAHAM, GC DAILY, LA DEMCHUK, DG KOLBE, LJ TI HIV EDUCATION AND HEALTH-EDUCATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - A NATIONAL SURVEY OF LOCAL SCHOOL-DISTRICT POLICIES AND PRACTICES SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB To determine the extent to which HIV education and health education policies and practices are required by school districts in the United States, a national probability sample of public school districts was surveyed by mail in 1990. Of 2,150 districts selected, 78.1% responded. HIV education was required by 66.9% of districts. Of these, the percentage requiring HIV education increased by grade level from 29.7% in kindergarten to 82.3% in 7th grade, then declined to 37.3% by 12th grade. Districts that required HIV education most often addressed HIV-related prevention skills in the upper grade levels. Similar to requirements for HIV education, health education requirements also declined from 7th to 12th grade, reaching even lower levels than HIV education by the last two years of high school. These declines are of particular concern given that students are most likely to engage in risk behaviors when HIV and health education is least likely to be required. Other practices and policies that support HIV and health education also were lacking in many districts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL SCH BOARD ASSOC,HIV AIDS EDUC,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22314. AMER ASSOC SCH ADMINISTRATORS,HIV AIDS EDUC,ARLINGTON,VA 22209. RP HOLTZMAN, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 62 IS 9 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KA951 UT WOS:A1992KA95100004 PM 1479838 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI BEHAVIORS RELATED TO UNINTENTIONAL AND INTENTIONAL INJURIES AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. COLORADO DEPT EDUC,DENVER,CO. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. SCH BOARD BROWARD CTY,FT LAUDERDALE,CA. SCH BOARD DADE CTY,MIAMI,FL. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. JERSEY CITY BOARD EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW JERSEY DEPT HIGHER EDUC,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY. OREGON DEPT EDUC,SALEM,OR. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. PENN DEPT EDUC,HARRISBURG,PA. S CAROLINA DEPT EDUC,COLUMBIA,SC. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1992 VL 62 IS 9 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KA951 UT WOS:A1992KA95100008 ER PT J AU BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM PATTERSON, DG AF BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM PATTERSON, DG TI IMPORTANCE OF ENHANCED MASS RESOLUTION IN REMOVING INTERFERENCES WHEN MEASURING VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN BLOOD BY USING PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; NEW-JERSEY; AIR; INDOOR; TOLUENE; BREATH; CHEMICALS; BENZENE; WORKERS AB The number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be purged from human blood is so great that they cannot be separated completely by capillary gas chromatography. As a result, the single-mass chromatograms used for quantitating the target compounds by mass spectrometry have many interferences at nominal (integer) mass resolution of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results of these interferences range from small errors in quantitation to completely erroneous results for the target VOCs. By using a magnetic sector mass spectrometer, these interferences at nominal mass can be removed at higher resolution by lowering the ion chromatogram windows around the masses of interest. At 3000 resolution (10% valley definition), unique single-ion chromatograms can be made for the quantitation ions of the target VOCs. Full-scan mass data are required to allow the identification of unknown compounds purged from the blood. By using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, most target VOCs can be detected in the low parts per trillion range for a 10-mL quantity of blood from which the VOCs have been removed by a purge-and-trap method. RP BONIN, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 3 IS 8 BP 831 EP 841 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)80006-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JZ898 UT WOS:A1992JZ89800006 PM 24234706 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA BECKSAGUE, CM WOOLLEN, SW GREENSPAN, B BURNS, SM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS MACKOW, RC JARVIS, WR AF PEGUES, DA BECKSAGUE, CM WOOLLEN, SW GREENSPAN, B BURNS, SM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS MACKOW, RC JARVIS, WR TI ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH REUSE OF HOLLOW-FIBER HEMODIALYZERS AND ACE INHIBITORS SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CONVERTING-ENZYME INHIBITORS; FLUX MEMBRANE DIALYSIS; ANAPHYLATOXIN FORMATION; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; DIALYZER; HYPERSENSITIVITY; MECHANISMS AB From July 18 through November 27, 1989, 12 anaphylactoid reactions (ARs) occurred in 10 patients at a hemodialysis center in Virginia. One patient required hospitalization; no patients died. ARs occurred within minutes of initiating dialysis and were characterized by peripheral numbness and tingling, laryngeal edema or angioedema, facial or generalized sensation of warmth, and/or nausea or vomiting. All 12 ARs occurred with dialyzers that had been reprocessed with an automated reprocessing system. A cohort study, including all patients undergoing dialysis sessions on the six days when an AR occurred, showed that the patients who experienced ARs were significantly more likely than patients who did not to be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (7/10 vs. 3/33; relative risk = 7.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.5 to 25.2) and to have been exposed to reused dialyzers rather than to new dialyzers (12/70 sessions vs. 0/31; P = 0.016). In those sessions using a reused dialyzer, the mean number of dialyzer uses in case-sessions was significantly higher than for noncase-sessions (10.3 vs. 6.2; P = 0.016). After reuse of dialyzers was discontinued at the center, no further ARs occurred, despite the continued administration of ACE inhibitors. This is the first report of an outbreak of ARs associated exclusively with reused dialyzers. We hypothesize that interactions between a dialyzer that has been repeatedly reprocessed and reused, blood, and additional factors, such as ACE inhibitors, increased the risk of developing ARs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,FAIRFAX,VA. CONTINENTAL DIALYSIS SPRINGFIELD FAIRFAX,SPRINGFIELD,VA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1237 DI 10.1038/ki.1992.409 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA JR518 UT WOS:A1992JR51800022 PM 1453608 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ PASKEWITZ, SM HAMM, DM COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ PASKEWITZ, SM HAMM, DM COLLINS, FH TI DISTINCT FAMILIES OF SITE-SPECIFIC RETROTRANSPOSONS OCCUPY IDENTICAL POSITIONS IN THE RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; MAMMALIAN LINES; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; REPETITIVE ELEMENT; BOMBYX-MORI; I-FACTOR; 5' END AB Two distinct site-specific retrotransposon families, named RT1 and RT2, from the sibling mosquito species Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis, respectively, were previously identified. Both were shown to occupy identical nucleotide positions in the 28S rRNA gene and to be flanked by identical 17-bp target site duplications. Full-length representatives of each have been isolated from a single species, A. gambiae, and the nucleotide sequences have been analyzed. Beyond insertion specificity, RT1 and RT2 share several structural and sequence features which show them to be members of the LINE-like, or non-long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon, class of reverse transcriptase-encoding mobile elements. These features include two long overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), poly(A) tails, the absence of long terminal repeats, and heterogeneous 5' truncation of most copies. The first ORF of both elements, particularly ORF1 of RT1, is glutamine rich and contains long tracts of polyglutamine reminiscent of the opa repeat. Near the carboxy ends, three cysteine-histidine motifs occur in ORF1 and one occurs in ORF2. In addition, each ORF2 contains a region of sequence similarity to reverse transcriptases and integrases. Alignments of the protein sequences from RT1 and RT2 reveal 36% identity over the length of ORF1 and 60% identity over the length of ORF2, but the elements cannot be aligned in the 5' and 3' noncoding regions. Unlike that of RT2, the 5' noncoding region of RT1 contains 3.5 copies of a 500-bp subrepeat, followed by a poly(T) tract and two imperfect 55-bp subrepeats, the second spanning the beginning of ORF1. The pattern of distribution of these elements among five sibling species in the A. gambiae complex is nonuniform. RT1 is present in laboratory and wild A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. melas but has not been detected in A. quadriannulatus or A. merus. RT2 has been detected in all available members of the A. gambiae complex except A. merus. Copy number fluctuates, even among the offspring of individual wild female A. gambiae mosquitoes. These findings reflect a complex evolutionary history balancing gain and loss of copies against the coexistence of two elements competing for a conserved target site in the same species for perhaps millions of years. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BESANSKY, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 67 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5102 EP 5110 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JT845 UT WOS:A1992JT84500032 PM 1328871 ER PT J AU KOPLAN, JP THACKER, SB AF KOPLAN, JP THACKER, SB TI DEUSCHLE,KURT,W - THE CLINICIAN IN THE COMMUNITY SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,BLDG 1,RM 5009,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL PI NEW YORK PA BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 59 IS 6 BP 444 EP 446 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF093 UT WOS:A1992KF09300002 PM 1480194 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM BROGAN, DJ KENDRICK, JS SHULMAN, HB ZAHNISER, SC BRUCE, FC PEARSON, K REID, VD JEWEL, N NAOR, E EYSTER, J BLOSE, DN BAILEY, C AF ADAMS, MM BROGAN, DJ KENDRICK, JS SHULMAN, HB ZAHNISER, SC BRUCE, FC PEARSON, K REID, VD JEWEL, N NAOR, E EYSTER, J BLOSE, DN BAILEY, C TI SMOKING, PREGNANCY, AND SOURCE OF PRENATAL-CARE - RESULTS FROM THE PREGNANCY RISK ASSESSMENT MONITORING-SYSTEM SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; WOMEN; CESSATION; ALCOHOL; SMOKERS; PROGRAM AB Objective: To assess the impact of current smoking intervention efforts and to target future efforts by describing the relationships between maternal smoking, smoking cessation, and source of prenatal care. Methods: We used population-based data from 6319 mothers who delivered live-born infants during 1988 and 1989 in Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. The number of women sampled per state ranged from 1490-2659; state-specific response rates ranged from 66-84%. Analysis weights adjusted for selection probability and non-response. Results: The prevalences of maternal smoking before, during, and after pregnancy among women receiving publicly funded prenatal care were 2.3-3.4 times the comparable prevalences among privately insured women receiving prenatal care from private providers. Although many smokers reduced or quit smoking during pregnancy, most resumed or increased their smoking to nearly pre-pregnancy levels by 3-6 months postpartum. Conclusions: Interventions should target the very high levels of smoking among the 27% of women receiving publicly funded prenatal care. However, from a population perspective, the greatest potential for reduction in smoking is among patients of private providers, who care for 61% of pre-pregnancy smokers. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 80 IS 5 BP 738 EP 744 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA JU717 UT WOS:A1992JU71700002 PM 1407908 ER PT J AU ADES, EW NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW COMANS, TW AF ADES, EW NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW COMANS, TW TI INABILITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TO INFECT HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE HUMAN ENDOTHELIUM; HIV ID LANGERHANS CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ADES, EW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,1-3205 D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 60 IS 6 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1159/000163744 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA KE445 UT WOS:A1992KE44500006 PM 1290591 ER PT J AU HSU, HW MOYE, J KUNCHES, L NG, P SHEA, B CALDWELL, B DEMARIA, A MOFENSON, L GRADY, GF AF HSU, HW MOYE, J KUNCHES, L NG, P SHEA, B CALDWELL, B DEMARIA, A MOFENSON, L GRADY, GF TI PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION - EXTENT OF CLINICAL RECOGNITION IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PEDIATRICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID CHILDBEARING WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION; SAMPLES; TYPE-1; BLOOD AB To evaluate factors that may affect the timely diagnosis of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we compared data derived from two population-based pediatric HIV studies. Data from anonymous newborn HIV serosurveys were used to estimate the number of children born to HIV-seropositive mothers. A statewide active surveillance project determined the number of HIV-exposed children who had been clinically recognized. Of 88 732 Massachusetts newborn specimens tested anonymously for HIV antibodies during a 12-month period (November, 1987, to October, 1988), 223 were positive. As of October, 1991, 78 of these children (35%) had been identified by a statewide network of infectious disease physicians. HIV-exposed children born in inner city hospitals were more likely to have come to medical attention than those born in suburban hospitals (47% vs. 17%). Among the 29 children with confirmed HIV infection (13% of 223), the initial evaluation for HIV occurred at an earlier age among children born in inner city hospitals than among children born in other areas. HIV testing practices that rely heavily on risk assessment may result in delayed diagnosis of HIV infection in children whose mothers are not perceived to be at risk. C1 COMMUNITY RES INITIAT NEW ENGLAND,BOSTON,MA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HSU, HW (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,STAT LAB INST,BOSTON,MA 02222, USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; moye, john/0000-0001-9976-8586 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-8-2917]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU101187-02] NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 941 EP 945 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JX818 UT WOS:A1992JX81800007 PM 1454436 ER PT J AU BRISS, PA FEHRS, LJ HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF BRISS, PA FEHRS, LJ HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI RUBELLA AMONG THE AMISH - RESURGENT DISEASE IN A HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE COMMUNITY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RUBELLA; AMISH; VACCINATION ID MATERNAL MEASLES ANTIBODY AB Although the Amish make up less than 0.05% of the United States population, nearly all rubella reported in the United States in 1991 occurred in this population. In early 1991 a large rubella outbreak in a Tennessee Amish community that had experienced no rubella for 17 years afforded an opportunity to describe the epidemiology of rubella in this unique population. Structured interviews were conducted with 54 Amish families. Of 383 persons in the sample 85 (22%) had rubella. Illnesses were mild; 16% of cases lacked fever and 20% of cases reported no symptoms except rash. Children <17 years of age were 7 times more likely than older individuals to be affected (77 of 214 vs. 8 of 165). All pregnant women in the community were >20 years of age; none developed rubella. No congenital rubella syndrome was recognized. Although rubella is increasingly a disease of adolescents and young adults, in this outbreak, rubella was again a childhood disease. Illness in this community-based investigation was mild; rubella may be difficult to diagnose and report. Immunity after remote natural infection was durable since the community's last outbreak. Pregnant women probably were protected by the age distribution of immunity; this age distribution may not occur in other Amish populations. If preventable morbidity from rubella and other vaccine preventable diseases is to be avoided in this group, increased attention should be directed to encouraging vaccinations among Amish persons. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 955 EP 959 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JX818 UT WOS:A1992JX81800010 PM 1454439 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, WR NEWACHECK, PW AF TAYLOR, WR NEWACHECK, PW TI IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA ON HEALTH SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ASTHMA; DISABILITY; HEALTH STATUS ID LIMITING CHRONIC CONDITIONS; CHANGING PATTERNS; CHILDREN; HOSPITALIZATION; ILLNESS; PREVALENCE; SMOKING; TRENDS AB In 1988, the National Health Interview Survey contained a supplemental questionnaire on childhood conditions that included asthma. The authors used these data from 17 110 households to determine the disease burden resulting from asthma and to determine the functional status of children with and without asthma by linking information from the core and supplemental questionnaires. The prevalence of asthma in children younger than 18 years of age in the United States as reported by an adult in the household was 4.3% in 1988 and was 3.2% in 1981, the last time a comparable questionnaire was used in the National Health Interview Survey. The difference between the prevalences of asthma was statistically significant (95% confidence interval for the difference was 0.7% to 1.5%). An estimated 2.7 million children younger than 18 years were reported by an adult in the household to have had asthma in the past year. The added burden of illness experienced by children with asthma compared with children without asthma was an additional 10.1 million days missed from school, 12.9 million contacts with medical doctors, and 200 000 hospitalizations. Almost 30% of children with asthma had some limitation in activity, compared with only 5% of children without asthma. A greater proportion of black children experienced more severe functional disability and had more frequent hospitalizations than white children with asthma. Ten percent of children with asthma had severe disease as measured by frequency of bother and limitations in function; these children accounted for 35% of hospitalizations for asthma and 77% of the days in the hospital. Ultimately, measures of the impact of disease on health become important tools to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and treatment. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP TAYLOR, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0644] NR 26 TC 262 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1992 VL 90 IS 5 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KF503 UT WOS:A1992KF50300001 PM 1408534 ER PT J AU HALL, CB EASTON, JG GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G BAKER, CJ MERENSTEIN, GB CASSADY, G ERENBERG, A ESCOBEDO, M FELDMAN, BH FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV KLEINMAN, LI LIGHT, IJ ALLEN, A DOOLEY, SL KENNER, C WRIGHT, LL KRUMMEL, TM AF HALL, CB EASTON, JG GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G BAKER, CJ MERENSTEIN, GB CASSADY, G ERENBERG, A ESCOBEDO, M FELDMAN, BH FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV KLEINMAN, LI LIGHT, IJ ALLEN, A DOOLEY, SL KENNER, C WRIGHT, LL KRUMMEL, TM TI GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTION OF GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) INFECTION BY CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PRETERM LABOR; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; COLONIZATION; PENICILLIN; INFANTS; SEPSIS; URINE C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HALL, CB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Steele, Russell/A-6075-2011 NR 26 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1992 VL 90 IS 5 BP 775 EP 778 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KF503 UT WOS:A1992KF50300025 ER PT J AU TURNER, GJ GALACTEROS, F DOYLE, ML HEDLUND, B PETTIGREW, DW TURNER, BW SMITH, FR MOOPENN, W RUCKNAGEL, DL ACKERS, GK AF TURNER, GJ GALACTEROS, F DOYLE, ML HEDLUND, B PETTIGREW, DW TURNER, BW SMITH, FR MOOPENN, W RUCKNAGEL, DL ACKERS, GK TI MUTAGENIC DISSECTION OF HEMOGLOBIN COOPERATIVITY - EFFECTS OF AMINO-ACID ALTERATION ON SUBUNIT ASSEMBLY OF OXY AND DEOXY TETRAMERS SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ENERGETICS OF COOPERATIVITY; HEMOGLOBIN MUTANTS; SUBUNIT ASSEMBLY ID CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; LIGAND-BINDING; OXYGENATION; PROTEINS; DISSOCIATION; LINKAGE; ASSOCIATION; SITE; HAEMOGLOBIN; RESOLUTION AB Free energies of oxygen-linked subunit assembly and cooperative interaction have been determined for 34 molecular species of human hemoglobin, which differ by amino acid alterations as a result of mutation or chemical modification at specific sites. These studies required the development of extensions to our earlier methodology. In combination with previous results they comprise a data base of 60 hemoglobin species, characterized under the same conditions. The data base was analyzed in terms of the five following issues. (1) Range and sensitivity to site modifications. Deoxy tetramers showed greater average energetic response to structural modifications than the oxy species, but the ranges are similar for the two ligation forms. (2) Structural localization of cooperative free energy. Difference free energies of dimer-tetramer assembly (oxy minus deoxy) yielded DELTAG(c) for each hemoglobin, i.e., the free energy used for modulation of oxygen affinity over all four binding steps. A structure-energy map constructed from these results shows that the alpha1beta2 interface is a unique structural location of the noncovalent bonding interactions that are energetically coupled to cooperativity. (3) Relationship of cooperativity to intrinsic binding. Oxygen binding energetics for dissociated dimers of mutants strongly indicates that cooperativity and intrinsic binding are completely decoupled by tetramer to dimer dissociation. (4) Additivity, site-site coupling and adventitious perturbations. All these are exhibited by individual-site modifications of this study. Large nonadditivity may be correlated with global (quaternary) structure change. (5) Residue position vs. chemical nature. Functional response is solely dictated by structural location for a subset of the sites, but varies with side-chain type at other sites. The current data base provides a unique framework for further analyses and modeling of fundamental issues in the structural chemistry of proteins and allosteric mechanisms. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOPHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. HOP HENRI MONDOR,DEPT BIOCHIM,F-94010 CRETEIL,FRANCE. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT HUMAN GENET & INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL-40453]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R-37 GM24486] NR 70 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1002/prot.340140303 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JT616 UT WOS:A1992JT61600002 PM 1438173 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL BAKER, EL DYAL, WW NICOLA, RM AF ROPER, WL BAKER, EL DYAL, WW NICOLA, RM TI STRENGTHENING THE PUBLIC-HEALTH SYSTEM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Although the American public health system has made major contributions to life expectancy for residents of this country over the past century, the system now faces more complex health problems that require comprehensive approaches and increased capacity, particularly in local and State public health agencies. To strengthen the public health system, concerted action is needed to meet these five critical needs: First, the knowledge base of public health workers needs to be supplemented through on-the-job training and continuing education programs. To this end, self-study courses will be expanded, and a network of regional training centers will be established throughout the country. Second, communities need dynamic leadership from public health officials and their agencies. To enhance leadership skills and expand the leadership role of public health agencies, focused personal leadership development activities, including a Public Health Leadership Institute, and national conferences will provide a vision of the future role of public health agencies. Third, local and State public health agencies need access to data on the current health status of the people in their communities and guidance from the nation's public health experts. To improve access to information resources, state-of-the-art technologies will be deployed to create integrated information and communication systems linking all components of the public health system. Fourth, local and State agencies need disease prevention and health promotion plans that target problems and develop strategies and the capacity to address them. To provide communities with structured approaches to this process, planning tools have been developed and distributed, and technical assistance will be provided to local and State health agencies to involve each community in planning, priority setting, and constituency building. Finally, public health agencies need adequate resources to fund prevention programs. To improve the use of existing Federal support and enhance the availability of new community resources, grant programs will be modified, and innovative approaches to local resource enhancement will be developed and shared. Activities in these five key areas are designed to improve the infrastructure of the public health system and its capacity to carry out effectively the core functions of public health assessment, policy development, and assurance of the availability of the benefits of public health. If the nation is to achieve the health objectives for the year 2000, the public health system-the individuals and institutions that, when working effectively together, promote and protect the health of the people-must be strengthened. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,MAIL STOP E20,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 107 IS 6 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB799 UT WOS:A1992KB79900001 PM 1454972 ER PT J AU VILLARINO, ME GEITER, LJ SIMONE, PM AF VILLARINO, ME GEITER, LJ SIMONE, PM TI THE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS CHALLENGE TO PUBLIC-HEALTH EFFORTS TO CONTROL TUBERCULOSIS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; RADIOMETRIC METHOD; PULMONARY; THERAPY AB After years of steady decline, there has been an unprecedented resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States and outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The authors assess the nature, epidemiology, and implications of MDR-TB; provide suggestions for preventing drug resistance among patients with drug-susceptible TB; and offer recommendations for managing patients with MDR-TB. They outline the National Action Plan to Combat MDR-TB. Close collaboration among medical practitioners and staff members of TB control programs is needed to ensure the most effective management of patients with TB and their contacts. This collaboration is one of the most important steps for successful control of MDR-TB. RP VILLARINO, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 107 IS 6 BP 616 EP 625 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB799 UT WOS:A1992KB79900002 PM 1454973 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB MAYBERRY, RM HERNDON, JL WARREN, RC AF THACKER, SB MAYBERRY, RM HERNDON, JL WARREN, RC TI SURVEY OF GRADUATES OF THE EPIDEMIC INTELLIGENCE SERVICE AS AN APPROACH TO ENHANCING ETHNIC DIVERSITY AMONG THE NATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGISTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB A survey was conducted to improve the recruitment, training, and retention of epidemiologists in the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Program of the Centers for Disease Control. The authors compared minority graduates of the program and nonminority graduates in several areas: reasons for application, degree of satisfaction, appropriateness of preparation for epidemiologic practice, and current professional activities. A closed-ended questionnaire was mailed to all 87 minority graduates from the program during the period 1970-88, and to 172 randomly selected nonminority graduates. Of 259 graduates surveyed, 234 or 90.3 percent returned the questionnaire-89.6 percent of minority graduates and 90.7 percent of nonminority graduates. Virtually all graduates were satisfied with their EIS experience (95.2 percent), have encouraged others to apply (96.1 percent), and are the most frequent sources of initial contact of prospective officers (38.2 percent). Most EIS graduates (71.2 percent) were still working in epidemiology. Compared with the nonminority graduates, the minority graduates were more likely to be women and to be single. Minority graduates were less likely than nonminorities to hold academic appointments (44.2 percent versus 60.0 percent) and less likely to work in academic settings as their primary job (11.5 percent versus 18.7 percent). At the same time, minority graduates were more likely to have learned of the EIS Program from academic advisors (32.1 percent versus 19.4 percent). Graduates express high levels of satisfaction with the EIS Program and continue to practice epidemiology following graduation. Few differences between the minority and nonminority graduates were found. Because fewer minority graduates are in academic settings to serve as mentors or role models, alternative recruitment methods must be developed to sustain a high level of interest among minority groups in the EIS Program. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MS C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 107 IS 6 BP 718 EP 723 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB799 UT WOS:A1992KB79900018 PM 1454985 ER PT J AU SUGARMAN, JR WARREN, CW OGE, L HELGERSON, SD AF SUGARMAN, JR WARREN, CW OGE, L HELGERSON, SD TI ENVIRONMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND INJURIES - REPLY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIAN HLTH SERV,BILLINGS AREA OFF,BILLINGS,MT. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,SEATTLE,WA. RP SUGARMAN, JR (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 107 IS 6 BP 745 EP 745 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB799 UT WOS:A1992KB79900023 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JE DAHLBERG, LL AF ANDERSON, JE DAHLBERG, LL TI HIGH-RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR IN THE GENERAL-POPULATION - RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY, 1988-1990 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; GONORRHEA; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS; CHLAMYDIA AB The responses of 2,8% adults who completed the General Social Survey (1988-1990), a nationally representative household probability sample of the United States adult population, were analyzed. Three outcome variables were examined: engaging in sexual intercourse with two or more partners, with five or more partners' or with a stranger in the past year. Age, marital status, gender, pattern of alcohol consumption, and race have the strongest and most consistent relationship with having multiple sexual partners or sex with a stranger. Marriage reduces the odds of having 5 or more sexual partners by a factor of 90% (odds ratio, OR, = 0.10). For each single year increase in age, the odds of having multiple partners or sex with a stranger also decrease (OR = 0.95). Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, increases the odds of sexual risk behavior by a factor of 2 to 3 in the three models. Men are more likely to have 5 or more sexual partners (OR = 7.17) and sex with a stranger (OR = 5.62) than women; and blacks are more likely to have multiple partners (OR = 2.82) than members of other racial or ethnic groups. In the United States last year, an estimated 3 to 6 million adults had sex with 5 or more partners and an estimated 5 to 8 million had sex with a stranger. RP ANDERSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 6 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1097/00007435-199211000-00004 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JZ964 UT WOS:A1992JZ96400004 PM 1492257 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, J MAGDER, L ARAL, S AF GREENBERG, J MAGDER, L ARAL, S TI AGE AT 1ST COITUS - A MARKER FOR RISKY SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR IN WOMEN SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; VENEREAL-DISEASES; INFECTIONS; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GREENLAND; PREGNANCY AB This study examines whether riskier sexual behavior or duration of sexual experience explains why women who become sexually active earlier in life have a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Responses to a self-administered questionnaire on risk behavior from 4,342 single women attending Planned Parenthood clinics in Pennsylvania were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to control for years of sexual activity, race, and amount of education. Women who became sexually active between the ages of 10 and 14 years were almost 4 times more likely to report having 5 or more sexual partners in the past year (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.6-5.6); 3 times more likely to report having sex with bisexual, intravenous drug-using, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 2.4-5.0), and twice as likely to report a history of STD within the last 5 years (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.8-3.0) compared with women who became sexually active when they were 17 years of age or older. The analysis suggests that age at first intercourse is a useful marker for risky sexual behavior and history of STD. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP GREENBERG, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD & HIV PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 6 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1097/00007435-199211000-00006 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JZ964 UT WOS:A1992JZ96400006 PM 1492259 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, J SCHNELL, D CONLON, R AF GREENBERG, J SCHNELL, D CONLON, R TI BEHAVIORS OF CRACK COCAINE USERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARLY SYPHILIS INTERVENTION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC AB The impact of crack use on syphilis intervention was investigated by reviewing records of persons diagnosed with early syphilis when voluntarily attending County Health Department clinics in Detroit, Michigan and Dallas, Texas between August 1989 and August 1990. The sample was stratified and data were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Compared with men who did not use crack, male crack users were more likely to report having four or more sexual partners during their critical period for acquiring or passing on infection (odds ratio, OR = 4.33; 95% confidence interval, CI = 2.08,8."). Among men, having a large number of sexual partners during this period was associated with a lower percentage of contacts being examined (OR = 11.8; 95% CI = 2.91, 47.5). Among women, having four or more sexual partners during their critical period and a lower partner examination rate were both associated with crack use; crack use was strongly associated with exchanging sex for money or drugs. We conclude that crack use has the largest impact on syphilis intervention through its association with having large numbers of sexual partners. RP GREENBERG, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 6 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1097/00007435-199211000-00010 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JZ964 UT WOS:A1992JZ96400010 PM 1492263 ER PT J AU BECKER, S SOSA, D AF BECKER, S SOSA, D TI AN EXPERIMENT USING A MONTH-BY-MONTH CALENDAR IN A FAMILY-PLANNING SURVEY IN COSTA-RICA SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB Recent demographic surveys have incorporated a month-by-month calendar for the five-year reference period before the survey for the recording of fertility-related events (sexual unions, contraceptive use, pregnancies, and breastfeeding). In the 1986 survey of Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning in Costa Rica, approximately one-half of the 3,527 women interviewed were administered a questionnaire with traditional fertility and family planning questions; the other half were asked virtually the same questions, but the women's responses were entered in a month-by-month calendar. The assignment of questionnaire type was randomly alternated by cluster. Comparisons of the number of events (live births, pregnancy losses, and contraceptive use) showed that more events were recorded among the women in the calender group. Significantly less erroneous superposition of events (contraceptive use in the last trimester of pregnancy and hormonal contraceptive use in the first month postpartum) was noted when the calendar was used. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ASOC DEMOGRAF COSTARRICENSE,DEPT SOCIAL DEMOT RES,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 23 IS 6 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.2307/1966896 PN 1 PG 6 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KM052 UT WOS:A1992KM05200005 PM 1293862 ER PT J AU CHIMELLI, L HAHN, MD SCARAVILLI, F WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS AF CHIMELLI, L HAHN, MD SCARAVILLI, F WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS TI GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS DUE TO LEPTOMYXID AMEBAS - REPORT OF THE 1ST BRAZILIAN CASE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Note ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS C1 INST NEUROL,DEPT NEUROPATHOL,LONDON WC1N 3BG,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHIMELLI, L (reprint author), UNIV FED FLUMINENSE,HOSP UNIV ANTONIO PEDRO,DEPT PATOL,RUA MARQUES PARANA 303,BR-24030 NITEROI,RJ,BRAZIL. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 86 IS 6 BP 635 EP 635 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90164-8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KF358 UT WOS:A1992KF35800025 PM 1287925 ER PT J AU ZEAFLORES, R RICHARDS, FO GONZALEZPERALTA, C RAMIREZ, JC ZEAFLORES, G COLLINS, RC CUPP, E AF ZEAFLORES, R RICHARDS, FO GONZALEZPERALTA, C RAMIREZ, JC ZEAFLORES, G COLLINS, RC CUPP, E TI ADVERSE REACTIONS AFTER COMMUNITY TREATMENT OF ONCHOCERCIASIS WITH IVERMECTIN IN GUATEMALA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Male and female residents on a Guatemalan coffee plantation where Onchocerca volvulus infections were hyperendemic were offered oral ivermectin (100-200 mug/kg) as part of a community-wide treatment programme for onchocerciasis. Forty-five persons were treated and then questioned daily for 28 d about changes in their health. Those with complaints were monitored until all signs and symptoms had resolved. Sixty-seven percent complained of some adverse event after treatment; 60% developed observable adverse reactions attributed clinically to ivermectin. No reaction was life-threatening; the most common were oedema (53%) and fever (47%). Expulsion of intestinal helminths was reported by 38%. Almost all reactions began 24-48 h after treatment; their mean duration was 5 d, despite treatment with acetominophen and antihistamines. Three patients had oedematous changes lasting over 2 weeks. Incidence, but not severity, of reactions was related to the pretreatment density of microfilariae in skin. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MS F22,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VALLE,CTR INVEST ENFERMEDADES TROP,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV ARIZONA,COLL AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. MSPAS,DEPT ONCOCEROSIS,DIV MALARIA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 86 IS 6 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90182-C PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KF358 UT WOS:A1992KF35800040 PM 1287939 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP TOBLER, L SCHABLE, C PETERSEN, L AF BUSCH, MP TOBLER, L SCHABLE, C PETERSEN, L TI CONTINUED MONITORING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2 INFECTIONS IN CALIFORNIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID HIV-2 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUSCH, MP (reprint author), IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 9 BP 873 EP 873 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32993110763.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KC094 UT WOS:A1992KC09400019 PM 1471252 ER PT J AU DEMORAES, JC PERKINS, BA CAMARGO, MCC HIDALGO, NTR BARBOSA, HA SACCHI, CT GRAL, IML GATTAS, VL VASCONCELOS, HD PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD BROOME, CV AF DEMORAES, JC PERKINS, BA CAMARGO, MCC HIDALGO, NTR BARBOSA, HA SACCHI, CT GRAL, IML GATTAS, VL VASCONCELOS, HD PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD BROOME, CV TI PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF A SEROGROUP-B MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE IN SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of epidemic meningococcal disease in developed countries. Until recently no vaccine has been available for prevention of infection with this organism. In an attempt to control epidemic serogroup B meningococcal disease in greater Sao Paulo, Brazil, during 1989 and 1990, a Cuban-produced outer-membrane-protein-based serogroup B meningococcal vaccine was given to about 2.4 million children aged from 3 months to 6 years. We have done a case-control study to estimate the efficacy of the vaccine in greater Sao Paulo. Microbiologically confirmed cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease were identified through hospital-based surveillance. Controls were matched by neighbourhood and age. Vaccination status was confirmed by inspection of vaccination cards. Between June, 1990, and June, 1991, 112 patients and 409 matched controls with confirmed vaccine status were enrolled. Estimated vaccine efficacy varied by age: 48 months or older = 74% (95% CI 16 to 92%), 24 to 47 months = 47% (-72 to 84%), and less than 24 months = -37% (< - 100 to 73%). Our results suggest that the Cuban-produced vaccine may be effective for prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease in older children and adults. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 1,ROOM 4409,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAO PAULO STATE DEPT HLTH,CTR EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. SAO PAULO DEPT HLTH,ADOLFO LUTZ INST,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 18 TC 248 Z9 258 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 31 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8827 BP 1074 EP 1078 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JV775 UT WOS:A1992JV77500011 PM 1357461 ER PT J AU OPULSKI, A MACNEILL, E ROSALES, C HARTSOUGH, A DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W CAGE, G SANDS, L LOFGREN, J GENTRY, G DAVIS, T PAPE, J HOFFMAN, RE AF OPULSKI, A MACNEILL, E ROSALES, C HARTSOUGH, A DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W CAGE, G SANDS, L LOFGREN, J GENTRY, G DAVIS, T PAPE, J HOFFMAN, RE TI PNEUMONIC PLAGUE ARIZONA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 737-739, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 PIMA CTY FORENS SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,DIS CONTROL SECT,PHOENIX,AZ. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV STATE LAB SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DENVER,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OPULSKI, A (reprint author), PIMA CTY HLTH DEPT,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 16 BP 2146 EP 2147 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JU513 UT WOS:A1992JU51300003 ER PT J AU BRITTAIN, S STICKNEY, M TERKLA, M SEGALE, M PAULOZZI, L HOUSEKNECHT, R AF BRITTAIN, S STICKNEY, M TERKLA, M SEGALE, M PAULOZZI, L HOUSEKNECHT, R TI TETANUS - RUTLAND COUNTY, VERMONT, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 721-722, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,BURLINGTON,VT. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRITTAIN, S (reprint author), RUTLAND REG MED CTR,RUTLAND,VT, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 16 BP 2151 EP 2152 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JU513 UT WOS:A1992JU51300005 ER PT J AU CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW CURRAN, JW AF CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW CURRAN, JW TI TRANSMISSION OF HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS TO HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP CASTRO, KG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 24 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8826 BP 1043 EP 1044 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93063-S PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JV014 UT WOS:A1992JV01400048 PM 1357437 ER PT J AU SCHOENDORF, KC HOGUE, CJR ROWLEY, D AF SCHOENDORF, KC HOGUE, CJR ROWLEY, D TI INFANT-MORTALITY AMONG BLACKS AND WHITES - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHOENDORF, KC (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 22 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 17 BP 1244 EP 1244 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JU393 UT WOS:A1992JU39300029 ER PT J AU FREES, N POLKOWSKI, J FARMER, R AKIN, R BANKOWSKI, MJ NEUMAN, M NEGRON, V FEINTUCH, N CREMO, R WROTEN, J WITTE, J HOPKINS, RS LANDAY, A AF FREES, N POLKOWSKI, J FARMER, R AKIN, R BANKOWSKI, MJ NEUMAN, M NEGRON, V FEINTUCH, N CREMO, R WROTEN, J WITTE, J HOPKINS, RS LANDAY, A TI HIV-INFECTION, SYPHILIS, AND TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING AMONG MIGRANT FARM-WORKERS - FLORIDA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 723-725, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NAPLES COMMUNITY HOSP,COLLIER HLTH SERV,NAPLES,FL 33940. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FREES, N (reprint author), NAPLES COMMUNITY HOSP,COLLIER PUBL HLTH UNIT,NAPLES,FL 33940, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 21 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 15 BP 1999 EP 2000 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JT520 UT WOS:A1992JT52000006 ER PT J AU SCHOCHETMAN, G AF SCHOCHETMAN, G TI DIAGNOSIS OF HIV-INFECTION SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE HIV INFECTION; HIV DIAGNOSIS; HIV AND AIDS; PCR AND HIV INFECTION; AIDS TESTING; HIV SEROLOGIC TESTING ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; ACUTE VIRAL SYNDROME; WESTERN BLOT TESTS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HTLV-III; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION RP SCHOCHETMAN, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,INVEST BRANCH LAB,MAILSTOP G-15,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0009-8981(92)90101-U PG 26 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA JZ558 UT WOS:A1992JZ55800001 PM 1468148 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR TOKARS, JI CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW AF EDLIN, BR TOKARS, JI CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 16 BP 1174 EP 1174 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JT153 UT WOS:A1992JT15300021 ER PT J AU SANTELLI, JS BURWELL, LG ROZSENICH, C AUGUSTYN, M CELENTANO, DD ROLF, JE WALLACH, R BEVERLY, B AF SANTELLI, JS BURWELL, LG ROZSENICH, C AUGUSTYN, M CELENTANO, DD ROLF, JE WALLACH, R BEVERLY, B TI SURGICAL STERILIZATION AMONG WOMEN AND USE OF CONDOMS - BALTIMORE, 1989-1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 568-575, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SANTELLI, JS (reprint author), BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 14 BP 1833 EP 1834 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR439 UT WOS:A1992JR43900013 ER PT J AU HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS MAHAN, C MCFARLAND, L HEBERT, LJ AF HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS MAHAN, C MCFARLAND, L HEBERT, LJ TI RAPID HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOLLOWING HURRICANE ANDREW - FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 685-688, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33152. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL HURRICANE CTR,AMER RED CROSS,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HLADY, WG (reprint author), DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MIAMI,FL, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 14 BP 1838 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR439 UT WOS:A1992JR43900016 ER PT J AU ARATA, AA RUIZTIBEN, E PAWLOWSKI, ZS AF ARATA, AA RUIZTIBEN, E PAWLOWSKI, ZS TI INTERNATIONAL TASK-FORCE FOR DISEASE ERADICATION (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 697-698, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,GLOBAL 2000 INC,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV POZNAN,SCH MED,POZNAN,POLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARATA, AA (reprint author), VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 14 BP 1841 EP 1841 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR439 UT WOS:A1992JR43900017 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI TOBACCO, ALCOHOL, AND OTHER DRUG-USE AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS-UNITED STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 698-703, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY 12224. NIDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40583. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,MENTAL HLTH ADM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 14 BP 1841 EP 1842 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR439 UT WOS:A1992JR43900018 ER PT J AU DIAZORTEGA, JL LUNAABASCAL, M VALDESPINO, JL SEPULVEDA, J MARKOWITZ, LE ZELL, ER AF DIAZORTEGA, JL LUNAABASCAL, M VALDESPINO, JL SEPULVEDA, J MARKOWITZ, LE ZELL, ER TI MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY AFTER HIGH TITER MEASLES-VACCINE IN MEXICO SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DIAZORTEGA, JL (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [BST-5947-P-HI-4265] NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 10 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8824 BP 924 EP 924 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93345-N PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JT327 UT WOS:A1992JT32700061 PM 1357345 ER PT J AU CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL SMITH, MG SORHAGE, FE SPITALNY, KC DEBBIE, JG MORSE, DL HUNTER, JL MACCORMACK, JN SMITH, KA HALPIN, TJ JENKINS, SR HADDY, LE AF CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL SMITH, MG SORHAGE, FE SPITALNY, KC DEBBIE, JG MORSE, DL HUNTER, JL MACCORMACK, JN SMITH, KA HALPIN, TJ JENKINS, SR HADDY, LE TI EXTENSION OF THE RACCOON RABIES EPIZOOTIC - 1992, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 661-664, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CARTTER, ML (reprint author), CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1646 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600006 ER PT J AU COOPER, G HADLER, JL BARTH, S MULLEN, RC HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS KELLY, J CASTILLO, S PIEN, FD HIGA, HY GOO, VY INOUYE, LK SUGI, M PON, EW PELLY, L TREVINO, J GARZA, GR CALDERIN, A SHELTON, NL WILLIAMS, K RAY, B HENDRICKS, K SIMPSON, DM AF COOPER, G HADLER, JL BARTH, S MULLEN, RC HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS KELLY, J CASTILLO, S PIEN, FD HIGA, HY GOO, VY INOUYE, LK SUGI, M PON, EW PELLY, L TREVINO, J GARZA, GR CALDERIN, A SHELTON, NL WILLIAMS, K RAY, B HENDRICKS, K SIMPSON, DM TI CHOLERA - INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL, 1992, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 664-667, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES,HONOLULU STN,HONOLULU,HI. STRAUB CLIN & HOSP INC,HONOLULU,HI. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,DIV MICROBIOL,HONOLULU,HI. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,HONOLULU,HI. BROWNSVILLE MED CTR,BROWNSVILLE,TX. CITY BROWNSVILLE HLTH DEPT,BROWNSVILLE,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S TEXAS HOSP LAB,HARLINGEN,TX. HOUSTON HLTH & HUMAN SERV DEPT,HOUSTON,TX. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV MICROBIOL,AUSTIN,TX. RP COOPER, G (reprint author), CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1648 EP 1649 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600007 ER PT J AU TROSS, S ABDULQUADER, A SILVERT, H JARLAIS, DD AF TROSS, S ABDULQUADER, A SILVERT, H JARLAIS, DD TI CONDOM USE AMONG MALE INJECTING-DRUG USERS - NEW-YORK-CITY, 1987-1990, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 617-620, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK REDUCTION; INFECTION; AIDS; GAY; MEN C1 BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TROSS, S (reprint author), NATL DEV & RES INST INC,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1653 EP 1653 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600010 ER PT J AU PERROTTA, DM AF PERROTTA, DM TI SURVEILLANCE OF CHILDRENS BLOOD LEAD LEVELS - UNITED-STATES, 1991, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 620-622, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PERROTTA, DM (reprint author), COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS,EXECUT COMM,AUSTIN,TX, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1654 EP 1654 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600011 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, D GOLDEN, E WASHINGTON, AE MORSE, SA FULLILOVE, MT CATANIA, JA MARIN, B HULLEY, SB AF SIEGEL, D GOLDEN, E WASHINGTON, AE MORSE, SA FULLILOVE, MT CATANIA, JA MARIN, B HULLEY, SB TI PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF HERPES-SIMPLEX INFECTIONS - THE POPULATION-BASED AIDS IN MULTIETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS STUDY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-2 INFECTION; GENITAL HERPES; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; GENE AB Objective.-To examine the extent and correlates of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in an inner-city community, we studied the prevalence of antibodies to these viruses and their association with risk behaviors in a representative sample of unmarried white, black, and Hispanic adults living in San Francisco, Calif. Design.-Cross-sectional, community-based, random household survey. Participants.-In 1988 and 1989, we surveyed 1770 unmarried men and women aged 20 to 44 years from three San Francisco neighborhoods of varying geographic and cultural characteristics. Main Outcome Measures.-HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies based on an immunodot assay using type-specific glycoproteins gG-1 and gG-2. Results.- blood samples from 1212 participants available for testing, 750 (62%) had HSV-1 antibodies and 400 (33%) had HSV-2 antibodies. After controlling for other variables, HSV-1 antibody was significantly correlated (P<.05) with older age (in heterosexual men, women, and homosexually active men), less education (in heterosexual men and women), and Hispanic (especially those not born in the United States) or black race. HSV-2 antibody was significantly correlated (P<.05) with female gender, number of lifetime sexual partners and older age (in heterosexual men and women), and low levels of education and black or Hispanic race (in women). Among those with antibody to HSV-2, only 28 (19%) of 149 men and 32 (13%) of 251 women reported a history of genital herpes. However, most men (62%) and women (84%) who reported a history of genital herpes had HSV-2 antibodies. We observed a similar pattern (low sensitivity and moderate specificity) for a history of facial herpes and the presence of HSV-1 antibodies. After controlling for other variables, HSV-2 antibodies were associated with a lower frequency of HSV-1 antibodies among homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusions.-HSV-1 antibodies were found in nearly two thirds of single urban adults and were most common among Hispanics not born in the United States. HSV-2 antibodies were found in one third of this population and were associated with risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases. For both facial and genital herpes infections, self-reporting of infection was very insensitive and moderately specific. C1 NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,HIV CTR CLIN & BEHAV STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459] NR 42 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1702 EP 1708 DI 10.1001/jama.268.13.1702 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600032 PM 1326673 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB ADDISS, DG GOODMAN, RA HOLLOWAY, BR SPENCER, HC AF THACKER, SB ADDISS, DG GOODMAN, RA HOLLOWAY, BR SPENCER, HC TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AND INJURIES IN CHILD DAY-CARE - OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHIER CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID FAMILY DAY-CARE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; HOME CARE; CENTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; SAFETY; VIRUS; ABUSE AB Objective.-To provide pertinent background information on infectious diseases and injury in child day care and outline measures to address these health care needs. Design.-We reviewed published English-language literature identified through a MEDLINE bibliographic search, major literature summaries, and bibliographies from identified articles. Setting.-Child day-care settings reviewed included family child care homes, centers, special facilities for ill children, and facilities for children with special needs. Patients or Other Participants.-Primarily children in a variety of day-care settings, often compared with children cared for at home. Main Outcomes.-The occurrence of outbreaks and illness related to infectious disease and injury. Results.-Compared with preschool-aged children reared at home, among children in day care the risk of some infectious diseases was two to four times greater, Rates of both intentional and unintentional injuries in day-care settings were somewhat lower than those for children cared for at home. Conclusions.- Because preschool-aged children spend increasing time in structured day-care settings, the risk for some infectious diseases has increased. At the same time, child day-care settings present opportunities for ensuring healthier children through enhanced development, safer environments, better nutrition, increased vaccination coverage, and health promotion. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 79 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 13 BP 1720 EP 1726 DI 10.1001/jama.268.13.1720 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ376 UT WOS:A1992JQ37600035 PM 1527882 ER PT J AU THUN, MJ CALLE, EE NAMBOODIRI, MM FLANDERS, WD COATES, RJ BYERS, T BOFFETTA, P GARFINKEL, L HEATH, CW AF THUN, MJ CALLE, EE NAMBOODIRI, MM FLANDERS, WD COATES, RJ BYERS, T BOFFETTA, P GARFINKEL, L HEATH, CW TI RISK-FACTORS FOR FATAL COLON CANCER IN A LARGE PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-BOWEL-CANCER; NHANES-II SURVEY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXERCISE; QUANTITATIVE DATA; NUTRIENT SOURCES; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY FIBER; AMERICAN DIET AB Background: Diet, physical activity, obesity, aspirin use, and family history may all modify the risk of colon cancer, but few epidemiologic studies are large enough to examine these factors simultaneously. Purpose: We prospectively assessed the relationship of diet and other factors to risk of fatal colon cancer. Methods: Using data from Cancer Prevention Study II-an ongoing prospective mortality study-we studied 764343 adults who, in 1982, completed a questionnaire on diet and other risk factors and did not report cancer or other major illness. We assessed mortality through August 1988 and identified 1150 deaths from colon cancer (611 men and 539 women). Multivariate analyses were used to compare these case patients with 5746 matched control subjects drawn from the cohort. Results: Risk of fatal colon cancer decreased with more frequent consumption of vegetables and high-fiber grains (P for trend = .031 in men and .0012 in women). The relative risk (RR) for the highest versus lowest quintile of vegetable intake was 0.76 in men (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57-1.02) and 0.62 in women (95% CI = 0.45-0.86). Dietary consumption of vegetables and grains and regular use of aspirin were the only factors having an independent and statistically significant association with fatal colon cancer. Participants who consumed the least vegetables and grains and no aspirin had a higher risk compared with those who consumed the most vegetables and used aspirin 16 or more times per month. For men in the former category, the RR was 2.4 (95% CI = 1.1-5.3); for women, it was 2.9 (95% CI = 1.3-6.7). Weaker associations were seen for physical inactivity, obesity, total dietary fat, and family history. No associations were seen with consumption of red meat or total or saturated fat in either sex, but this finding must be interpreted cautiously. Conclusions: These findings support recommendations that increased consumption of vegetables and grains may reduce the risk of fatal colon cancer. Regular use of low doses of aspirin may prove to be an important supplemental measure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. RP THUN, MJ (reprint author), AMER CANC SOC,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 71 TC 317 Z9 321 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 7 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 19 BP 1491 EP 1500 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.19.1491 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JQ627 UT WOS:A1992JQ62700016 PM 1433333 ER PT J AU GRANADE, TC PHILLIPS, SK BELL, CJ PAU, CP PAREKH, B HANNON, WH GWINN, M REDUS, MA SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR AF GRANADE, TC PHILLIPS, SK BELL, CJ PAU, CP PAREKH, B HANNON, WH GWINN, M REDUS, MA SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR TI FACTORS INFLUENCING HIV-1 BANDING-PATTERNS IN MINIATURIZED WESTERN-BLOT TESTING OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT SPECIMENS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; WESTERN BLOT; DRIED BLOOD SPOT; SEROPREVALENCE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FILTER-PAPER; CHILDBEARING WOMEN; TYPE-1; ANTIBODY; SAMPLES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB In the HIV Seroprevalence Survey among Childbearing Women (SCBW), antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are detected using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and Western blot (WB) methods modified to accommodate samples of blood dried on special collection paper. Dried blood spot (DBS) eluates positive by EIA are tested by one of two WB methods, the miniblot technique using equipment from Immunetics Corporation and the PBS Integra assay (pageblot) from Genetic Systems. In this report we compared the performance of the two WB methods. The identity and position of the viral proteins on the WB were identified using monoclonal antibodies and monospecific antisera. The blots differed substantially in their composition and concentration of viral glycoproteins. Performance of the WB assays with DBS elution buffers from different EIA kits was equivalent except for samples eluted in the Abbott buffer, which reduced detection of antibodies to the p31, p51, p55, and p66 viral proteins. Case classification of DBS, positive sera, dilution curve samples, and seroconversion panels was equivalent by both tests in the presence of all elution buffers. Proficiency evaluation panels sent to SCBW participating laboratories over a 3-year period were used to note the differences between the two WB methods in detection of antibodies to the viral glycoproteins. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GRANADE, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD D-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 154 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(92)90196-Z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA JR570 UT WOS:A1992JR57000011 PM 1401956 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L KLOCKNER, R FLEMING, D AF SLUTSKER, L KLOCKNER, R FLEMING, D TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILURE TO RETURN FOR HIV POSTTEST COUNSELING SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR 97207. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1992 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1226 EP 1227 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JT451 UT WOS:A1992JT45100033 PM 1466862 ER PT J AU POINDEXTER, P AF POINDEXTER, P TI CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE TOXICITY SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Industrial carbon tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Although both production and use of carbon tetrachloride are declining, industrial and hazardous waste sites remain as sources of exposure. Workers using carbon tetrachloride or products that contain it are at highest risk of exposure. Diabetics and persons who drink alcohol may have an increased risk of adverse effects following exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Acute exposure may result in rapid central nervous system depression. Symptoms of hepatic and renal toxicity may arise one to four days later. Carbon tetrachloride is considered a possible carcinogenic agent. Administration of N-acetylcysteine may reduce complications of severe carbon tetrachloride exposure. Removal of the source of exposure and avoidance of other hepatotoxicants is the only treatment for chronic carbon tetrachloride toxicity. RP POINDEXTER, P (reprint author), US PHS,DIV HLTH EDUC,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY E33,CHE5,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1207 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR198 UT WOS:A1992JR19800019 ER PT J AU HEITBRINK, WA BARON, PA WILLEKE, K AF HEITBRINK, WA BARON, PA WILLEKE, K TI AN INVESTIGATION OF DUST GENERATION BY FREE FALLING POWDERS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE AB To identify the dust generation processes, aluminum oxide powder was dropped as a free falling slug in a test chamber. The effect of the slug's mass, diameter, and drop height upon the aerosol concentration and size distribution was measured with an aerodynamic particle sizer. To differentiate between aerosol generated during the free fall and at the end of the fall, the slug was dropped either onto a flat surface or into a container of water that suppressed dust generation associated with the impact at the end of the fall. Aerosol generation occurred during the slug's free fall as well as at the end of the fall. The falling solid induced an airflow that followed the falling solid to the end of the fall. This induced airflow contained the aerosol generated during the free fall. At the end of the free fall, the induced airflow, combined with air jets created on impact, dispersed the aerosol throughout the test chamber. Additional measurements were made by using "neutral buoyancy" helium-filled bubbles to visualize the airflow in the test chamber. The airflow and ensuing turbulence were sufficient to keep large, inspirable particles suspended throughout the test chamber for periods greater than 10 min. During experimental work, the effect of drop height, mass, and slug diameter upon aerosol generation by a single slug of powder was studied. The results indicated that the manner in which a powder is handled may be as important as material dustiness as measured by a dustiness tester Aerosol generation can be reduced by minimizing the contact between the falling powder and the air. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP HEITBRINK, WA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0617:AIODGB>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR199 UT WOS:A1992JR19900005 PM 1456205 ER PT J AU JENSEN, PA TODD, WF DAVIS, GN SCARPINO, PV AF JENSEN, PA TODD, WF DAVIS, GN SCARPINO, PV TI EVALUATION OF 8 BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS CHALLENGED WITH AEROSOLS OF FREE BACTERIA SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRIFUGAL AIR SAMPLER; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; COLLECTION; IMPACTORS AB The need to quantify airborne microorganisms in the commercial microbiology industry (biotechnology) and during evaluations of indoor air quality, infectious disease outbreaks, and agriculture health investigations has shown there is a major technological void in bioaerosol sampling techniques to measure and identify viable and nonviable aerosols. As commercialization of microbiology increases and diversifies, it is increasingly necessary to assess occupational exposure to bioaerosols. Meaningful exposure estimates, by using area or environmental samplers, can only be ensured by the generation of data that are both precise and accurate. The Andersen six-stage viable (microbial) particle sizing sampler (6-STG) and the Ace Glass all-glass impinger-30 (AGI-30) have been suggested as the samplers of choice for the collection of viable microorganisms by the International Aerobiology Symposium and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Some researchers consider these samplers inconvenient for evaluating industrial bioprocesses and indoor or outdoor environments. Alternative samplers for the collection of bioaerosols are available; however, limited information has been reported on their collection efficiencies. A study of the relative sampling efficiencies of eight bioaerosol samplers has been completed. Eight samplers were individually challenged with a bioaerosol, created with a Collison nebulizer of either Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli. The samplers were evaluated under controlled conditions in a horizontal bioaerosol chamber. During each experimental run, simultaneous samples were collected with a reference AGI-30 to verify the concentration of microorganisms in the chamber from run to run and day to day. The results of this research indicate a wide variation in sample collection efficiency for free bacteria (i.e., mostly single cells of E. coli and B. subtilis, d(ae) less-than-or-equal-to 2 mum). The particle concentration in the aerosol chamber, as indicated by the AGI-30 sampler, was 2000 +/- 85 colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3) for E. coli and 1170 +/- 400 CFU/m3 for B. subtilis. The collection efficiency of the evaluated AGI-30 relative to the reference AGI-30 was 101% +/- 4%. The 6-STG oversampled the reference AGI-30 by approximately 7%. However, the Andersen single-stage (1-STG), Mattson-Garvin Slit-to-Agar (STA), and Andersen two-stage (2-STG) samplers undersampled the reference AGI-30 by 7%, 10%, and 33%, respectively. The relative collection efficiencies of the Gelman 47-mm membrane filter (MF), Pool Bioanalysis Italiana surface air system (SAS), and Biotest Reuter centrifugal sampler (RCS) were < 1% for E. coli. The low relative efficiency of the MF with E. coli was likely caused by desiccation of the organism. The SAS and RCS samplers, because of their design, are not efficient collectors of small particles. The relative efficiency of the MF with B. subtilis was 3% lower than that of the reference AGI-30 because this organism is an endospore-former and is more resistant to desiccation. For aerosols of free bacteria, the Andersen six-stage impactor, the Ace Glass AGI-30, and the Andersen single-stage impactor gave comparable results. C1 MURRAY STATE UNIV,DEPT OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,MURRAY,KY 42071. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL ENGN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP JENSEN, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAIL STOP R-5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 50 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 7 U2 50 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 53 IS 10 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0660:EOEBSC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR199 UT WOS:A1992JR19900011 PM 1456208 ER PT J AU JONES, DS MALECKI, JM BIGLER, WJ WITTE, JJ OXTOBY, MJ AF JONES, DS MALECKI, JM BIGLER, WJ WITTE, JJ OXTOBY, MJ TI PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN PALM-BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To describe the factors underlying an increasing incidence of tuberculosis in children. Design.-Descriptive case review. Setting.-Palm Beach County, Fla. Participants.-Forty-four children with suspected and confirmed pediatric tuberculosis from 1985 through 1989. Interventions.-None. Measurements/Main Results.-From 1988 through 1989, tuberculosis was confirmed in 15 children and suspected in another 16 compared with data from 1985 through 1987 in which the disease was confirmed in nine children and suspected in four. Pediatric tuberculosis occurred primarily in blacks younger than 5 years; the increase in the number of cases reported in 1988 and 1989 occurred only in blacks. One child in whom tuberculosis was confirmed during the recent period was infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, among children with suspected tuberculosis, four of the nine children tested were seropositive for HIV. There was no evidence of increased transmission of tuberculosis to children by HIV-seropositive adults compared with transmission by HIV-seronegative adults with TB. New adult tuberculosis cases in the county increased annually, from 92 cases in 1986 to 169 in 1989, of whom at least 36% were infected with HIV. Conclusions.-The largest effect of the HIV epidemic on tuberculosis in children appeared to be indirect, through an increase in the number of adults with active tuberculosis serving as potential sources of tuberculosis infection for children. A direct effect of HIV infection in the progression of tuberculous disease in children is likely, but was not detected in this investigation. Case-finding for tuberculosis among children will need to increase, particularly in areas heavily affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but may be complicated by the difficulty of diagnosing tuberculosis in HIV-infected children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PALM BEACH CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,PALM BEACH,FL. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 146 IS 10 BP 1166 EP 1170 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JQ985 UT WOS:A1992JQ98500018 PM 1415043 ER PT J AU HAUCK, FR GALLAHER, MM YANGOSHIDA, M SERDULA, MK AF HAUCK, FR GALLAHER, MM YANGOSHIDA, M SERDULA, MK TI TRENDS IN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AMONG MESCALERO APACHE INDIAN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN - 1968 THROUGH 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SECULAR TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; OBESITY; WEIGHT; HEIGHT; CHILDHOOD AB Objective.-To determine if there were trends in underweight, short stature, and obesity among 1- through 5-year-old Mescalero (NM) Apache Indian children from 1968 through 1988. Design.-Cross-sectional review of hospital clinic charts for five cohorts. Setting.-General pediatric outpatient clinic at the Mescalero Indian Health Service Hospital. Participants.-Sixty-nine patients aged 1 through 5 years in 1968,1973,1978,1983, or 1988 for whom weight and height were recorded during a well-child visit that occurred in the respective year. Selection Procedures.-Approximately half the charts were screened for eligibility through systematic sampling for all years except 1988; for 1988 all available charts were screened for eligibility for the study. Interventions.-None. Measurements and Results.-We found trends of decreasing prevalence of both underweight (defined as weight-for-height below the fifth percentile) and short stature (defined as height-for-age below the fifth percentile) based on the Centers for Disease Control/World Health Organization growth reference. We found no secular trends in obesity (weight-for-height above the 95th percentile), although the prevalences throughout the 21-year period were as much as two to four times higher than expected when compared with the Centers for Disease Control/World Health Organization reference. There has been an upward shift in both weight-for-height and height-for-age distributions since 1968, indicating that Mescalero children today are, on average, heavier and taller. Conclusions.-Underweight and short stature decreased among Mescalero preschool children from 1968 through 1988, suggesting nutritional improvements. However, given the current high prevalence of obesity, it is recommended that surveillance of nutritional status be continued and appropriate interventions be developed to treat and prevent obesity in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MESCALERO INDIAN HLTH SERV HOSP,MESCALERO,NM. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 146 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1198 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JQ985 UT WOS:A1992JQ98500025 PM 1415049 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K NOWLIN, S RYAN, B ADAMS, S AF STEENLAND, K NOWLIN, S RYAN, B ADAMS, S TI USE OF MULTIPLE-CAUSE MORTALITY DATA IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSES - UNITED-STATES RATE AND PROPORTION FILES DEVELOPED BY THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-FOR-OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY-AND-HEALTH AND THE NATIONAL-CANCER-INSTITUTE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHRITIS; CAUSALITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIOXINS; KIDNEY DISEASES; SILICA ID WORKERS AB The authors have created US mortality rates (age, sex, race, and calendar-time specific) and proportions, using multiple cause-of-death data, for the years 1960-1989. Multiple cause-of-death data include the usual underlying cause of death from the death certificate as well as contributory causes and other significant conditions. US multiple-cause rates and proportions enable the user to calculate the expected occurrences of disease on the death certificates of a cohort under study. There is an average of 2.66 causes and/or contributory conditions listed on US death certificates, increasing over time from 2.54 in the 1960s to 2.76 in the 1980s. The ratio of multiple-cause listings to underlying cause listings varies by disease, from low ratios for cancers to high ratios for diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, prostate disease, hypertension, pneumoconiosis, and renal disease. Use of these data is illustrated with two cohorts. Multiple-cause analysis (but not underlying cause analysis) revealed twofold significant excesses of renal disease and arthritis among granite cutters. For workers exposed to dioxin, neither multiple-cause nor underlying cause analysis indicated any excess of diabetes, an outcome of a priori interest. Good candidates for multiple-cause analysis are diseases that are of long duration, not necessarily fatal, yet serious enough to be listed on the death certificate. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-13,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 7 BP 855 EP 862 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY679 UT WOS:A1992JY67900009 PM 1442751 ER PT J AU HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG AF HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG TI CDC DEFINITIONS OF NOSOCOMIAL SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS, 1992 - A MODIFICATION OF CDC DEFINITIONS OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article RP HORAN, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 357 Z9 367 U1 1 U2 20 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 5 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(05)80201-9 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JT878 UT WOS:A1992JT87800007 PM 1332552 ER PT J AU ZAHNISER, SC KENDRICK, JS FRANKS, AL SAFTLAS, AF AF ZAHNISER, SC KENDRICK, JS FRANKS, AL SAFTLAS, AF TI TRENDS IN OBSTETRIC OPERATIVE PROCEDURES, 1980 TO 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 118TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC CY OCT, 1990 CL NEW YORK, NY SP AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC ID CESAREAN-SECTION RATE; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-RATE; DELIVERY; CARE; PREGNANCY; REASONS AB Objectives. Increasing rates of cesarean deliveries have received widespread attention in recent years, as concern in the United States about unnecessary surgical procedures has increased. However, little information has been published on the national trends of other operative obstetric procedures occurring during deliveries. Methods. We analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey to examine trends in the use of forceps, vacuum extraction, and cesarean section from 1980 through 1987. Results. The rate of cesarean sections increased by 48%, while the rate of forceps procedures declined by 43%. Although the risk of cesarean section was significantly increased for older women, the risk of forceps and vacuum extraction procedures did not vary by age. Women with private insurance were significantly more likely to receive a cesarean section (rate ratio [RR] = 1.2), forceps procedure (RR = 1.7), and vacuum extraction procedure (RR = 1.8) than were women without private insurance. Conclusions. As pressure mounts to decrease the national cesarean section rate from 24% to 15% by the year 2000, attention should also be given to surveillance of other operative delivery procedures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZAHNISER, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1340 EP 1344 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.10.1340 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JQ399 UT WOS:A1992JQ39900006 PM 1415856 ER PT J AU SEIDMAN, SN MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO AF SEIDMAN, SN MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO TI WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS - UNITED-STATES, 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; VENEREAL-DISEASES; HEPATITIS-B; BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; INTERCOURSE AB Women who have multiple sexual partners in a short time period are appropriate targets for sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. We analyzed survey data collected in 1988 from a nationally representative sample of 8450 American women aged 15 to 44 to identify markers of such behavior. Among sexually active persons, 0.4% of married women and 8.4% of unmarried women had two or more sexual partners in the 3 months preceding the interview; unmarried marital status, early age at first sexual intercourse, lack of religious affiliation, and young age were associated with this behavior. All except young age were predictive after multivariate analysis. Such factors may help define women at elevated STD risk and allow better targeting of STD prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MS-E02,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,NATL SURVEY FAMILY GROWTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 45 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1388 EP 1394 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.10.1388 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JQ399 UT WOS:A1992JQ39900018 PM 1415868 ER PT J AU GUNN, RA SOSIN, DM FARLEY, TA AF GUNN, RA SOSIN, DM FARLEY, TA TI CONCLUSIONS ON CANCER AND LOW SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS QUESTIONED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID LATE-STAGE DIAGNOSIS; BREAST RP GUNN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MS C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1418 EP 1418 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.10.1418 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JQ399 UT WOS:A1992JQ39900024 PM 1290525 ER PT J AU XU, XA RUO, SL MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP AF XU, XA RUO, SL MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP TI IMMUNITY TO HANTAVIRUS CHALLENGE IN MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS INDUCED BY VACCINIA-VECTORED VIRAL-PROTEINS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC PROPERTIES; IDENTIFICATION; PROTECTION; INFECTION; STRAINS AB Vaccinia virus recombinants were constructed that incorporated genomic sequences coding for the nucleoprotein (N) and glycoproteins (G1 and G2) of the hantavirus R22 strain isolated from a rat in China, and designated as RNV and RMV9, respectively. The proteins expressed by RNV and RMV9 were identified by radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence assay using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal immune sera, and were found to be antigenically indistinguishable from authentic R22 viral proteins. Both RNV and RMV9 elicited an anti-R22 antibody response in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with titers ranging from 6,400 to 12,800 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but only RMV9 produced neutralizing antibodies to R22 virus (titer 1:200) and Hantaan (HTN) virus (titer 1:20). The ability of these recombinants to protect Mongolian gerbils against challenge with R22 and HTN viruses was examined. The RMV9 recombinant induced a complete protective immune response against challenge with 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU) of both R22 and HTN viruses, while RNV induced partial protection against a challenge with the homologous R22 virus and the heterologous HTN virus at a dose of 10(3) PFU. Our data show that the common antigenic sites responsible for eliciting a protective response are located mainly on hantavirus glycoproteins, and that the nucleoprotein may also confer partial cross-protection that presumably involves cell-mediated as well as humoral mechanisms. RP XU, XA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKTTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 4 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JY570 UT WOS:A1992JY57000006 PM 1359802 ER PT J AU BEACH, RF CORDONROSALES, C MOLINA, E WIRTZ, RA AF BEACH, RF CORDONROSALES, C MOLINA, E WIRTZ, RA TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR ESTIMATING THE SPOROZOITE RATE IN ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES; MALARIA PARASITE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; FALCIPARUM; IDENTIFICATION; ELISA AB We have verified for specimens of Anopheles albimanus that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used to assess Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum sporozoite antigen rates gives results comparable to the salivary gland dissection method for estimating sporozoite rates. For 14,150 adults of An. albimanus, captured at five locations in Guatemala, we report sporozoite antigen rates of 0.03-0.57%, which correlate with the malaria prevalences at the study sites. We also present data that suggest that specimens of An. albimanus for the ELISA can be obtained more efficiently by cattle corral collections than by the human bait capture method. C1 MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VALLE,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 4 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JY570 UT WOS:A1992JY57000017 PM 1443346 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD AF FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD TI INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE - IN RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ADULTS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,VET ADM MED CTR,SCH MED,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 7 BP 621 EP 622 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ226 UT WOS:A1992JQ22600031 ER PT J AU MCDOUGAL, LK FACKLAM, R REEVES, M HUNTER, S SWENSON, JM HILL, BC TENOVER, FC AF MCDOUGAL, LK FACKLAM, R REEVES, M HUNTER, S SWENSON, JM HILL, BC TENOVER, FC TI ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLY ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT ISOLATES OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE FROM THE UNITED-STATES SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPAIN; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; STRAINS AB Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethroprim are being recovered with increasing frequency in the United States. We analyzed the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) genotypes, and ribotypes of 22 multiresistant serotype 23F isolates of S. pneumoniae from the United States and 1 isolate each from Spain and South Africa. Also included were seven multiresistant isolates of other serotypes, three penicillin-resistant but chloramphenicol-susceptible serotype 23F isolates, and two penicillin-susceptible isolates (one penicillin-susceptible isolate was serotype 23F). Fifteen of the 22 multiresistant isolates from the United States and the isolates from Spain and South Africa had identical PBP patterns, MLEE profiles, and ribotypes. Six of the remaining seven multiresistant isolates were related by PBP pattern, but demonstrated slightly different MLEE and/or ribotype profiles, possibly because of acquisition of additional resistance markers (four of the six isolates were also resistant to erythromycin). The remaining multiresistant serotype 23F isolate had a unique PBP pattern and ribotype and was only distantly related to the other pneumococcal isolates by MLEE analysis. The PBP patterns, MLEE profiles, and ribotypes of the multiresistant serotype 23F isolates were easily distinguished from those of six multiresistant isolates of other serotypes; three other penicillin-resistant, chloramphenicol-susceptible, serotype 23F isolates; and two penicillin-susceptible isolates. One exception was a multiresistant serotype 19A isolate that was highly related to the clonal group by PBP pattern and MLEE analysis and that had a ribotype similar to those of the other erythromycin-resistant serotype 23F isolates. MLEE analysis and ribotyping were more discriminating than were the PBP patterns in discerning strain differences. These data strongly suggest that a multiresistant clone of S. pneumoniae serotype 23F that is related to multiresistant isolates from Spain and South Africa has become disseminated in the United States. Clinicians should be alerted to the spread of these multiresistant strains in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCDOUGAL, LK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2176 EP 2184 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JQ679 UT WOS:A1992JQ67900016 PM 1444297 ER PT J AU HEYES, MP SAITO, K CROWLEY, JS DAVIS, LE DEMITRACK, MA DER, M DILLING, LA ELIA, J KRUESI, MJP LACKNER, A LARSEN, SA LEE, K LEONARD, HL MARKEY, SP MARTIN, A MILSTEIN, S MOURADIAN, MM PRANZATELLI, MR QUEARRY, BJ SALAZAR, A SMITH, M STRAUSS, SE SUNDERLAND, T SWEDO, SW TOURTELLOTTE, WW AF HEYES, MP SAITO, K CROWLEY, JS DAVIS, LE DEMITRACK, MA DER, M DILLING, LA ELIA, J KRUESI, MJP LACKNER, A LARSEN, SA LEE, K LEONARD, HL MARKEY, SP MARTIN, A MILSTEIN, S MOURADIAN, MM PRANZATELLI, MR QUEARRY, BJ SALAZAR, A SMITH, M STRAUSS, SE SUNDERLAND, T SWEDO, SW TOURTELLOTTE, WW TI QUINOLINIC ACID AND KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLISM IN INFLAMMATORY AND NONINFLAMMATORY NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE SO BRAIN LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFECTED RHESUS MACAQUES; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; RAT-BRAIN; TRYPTOPHAN-METABOLITES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Neurological dysfunction, seizures and brain atrophy occur in a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological diseases. In certain instances, over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors has been implicated. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist synthesized froM L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction. Conversely, the related metabolite, kynurenic acid, is an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and could modulate the neurotoxic effects of QUIN as well as disrupt excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. In the present study, markedly increased concentrations of QUIN were found in both lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and post-mortem brain tissue of patients with inflammatory diseases (bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, meningitis, autoimmune diseases and septicaemia) independent of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. The concentrations of kynurenic acid were also increased, but generally to a lesser degree than the increases in QUIN. In contrast, no increases in CSF QUIN were found in chronic neurodegenerative disorders, depression or myoclonic seizure disorders, while CSF kynurenic acid concentrations were significantly lower in Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In inflammatory disease patients, proportional increases in CSF L-kynurenine and reduced L-tryptophan accompanied the increases in CSF QUIN and kynurenic acid. These responses are consistent with induction of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, the first enzyme of the kynurenine pathway which converts L-tryptophan to kynurenic acid and QUIN. Indeed, increases in both indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity and QUIN concentrations were observed in the cerebral cortex of macaques infected with retrovirus. particularly those with local inflammatory lesions. Correlations between CSF QUIN, kynurenic acid and L-kynurenine with markers of immune stimulation (neopterin, white blood cell counts and IgG levels) indicate a relationship between accelerated kynurenine pathway metabolism and the degree of intracerebral immune stimulation. We conclude that inflammatory diseases are associated with accumulation of QUIN, kynurenic acid and L-kynurenine within the central nervous system, but that the available data do not support a role for QUIN in the aetiology of Huntington's disease or Alzheimer's disease. In conjunction with our previous reports that CSF QUIN concentrations are correlated to objective measures of neuropsychological deficits in HIV-1-infected patients, we hypothesize that QUIN and kynurenic acid are mediators of neuronal dysfunction and nerve cell death in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, strategies to attenuate the neurological effects of kynurenine pathway metabolites or attenuate the rate of their synthesis offer new approaches to therapy. C1 NIMH,CLIN NEUROENDOCRINOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIMH,CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIMH,CLIN SCI LAB,CLIN PHARMACOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIMH,NEUROCHEM LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,DEPT NUCL MED,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NINCDS,EXPTL THERAPEUT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. VET ADM MED CTR,NEUROL SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87108. CALIF REG PRIMATE CTR,DAVIS,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NEUROL & RES SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. NATL NEUROL BANK,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP HEYES, MP (reprint author), NIMH,CLIN SCI LAB,ANALYT BIOCHEM SECT,BLDG 10,ROOM 3D40,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI martin, alex/B-6176-2009; Demitrack, Mark/I-7697-2013; OI Mouradian, M. Maral/0000-0002-9937-412X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00039] NR 73 TC 446 Z9 453 U1 2 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0006-8950 J9 BRAIN JI Brain PD OCT PY 1992 VL 115 BP 1249 EP 1273 DI 10.1093/brain/115.5.1249 PN 5 PG 25 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JY715 UT WOS:A1992JY71500001 PM 1422788 ER PT J AU FALKEBORN, M PERSSON, I ADAMI, HO BERGSTROM, R EAKER, E LITHELL, H MOHSEN, R NAESSEN, T AF FALKEBORN, M PERSSON, I ADAMI, HO BERGSTROM, R EAKER, E LITHELL, H MOHSEN, R NAESSEN, T TI THE RISK OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AFTER ESTROGEN AND ESTROGEN PROGESTOGEN REPLACEMENT SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN USE; 1ST HIP FRACTURE; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SWEDISH POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN; THERAPY; COHORT AB Objective To determine the relative risk of developing a first acute myocardial infarction after treatment with oestrogens alone or oestrogen-progestogen combinations. Design Prospective cohort study utilizing a prescription-based and record linkage system for a follow-up period from 1977 to 1983. Average individual observation time was 5-8 years. Setting The entire female population of the Uppsala Health Care Region (1-4 million inhabitants), one-sixth of the total Swedish population. Subjects 23 174 women aged 35 years and older, identified from pharmacy records as having been prescribed non-contraceptive oestrogens during 1977-1980. Outcomes Admissions to hospitals for first acute myocardial infarctions. Results Overall, 227 cases of a first acute myocardial infarction were observed as against 281.1 expected, RR=0.81 (95 % confidence limits 0.71 to 0.92). Women who were younger than 60 years at entry into the study and prescribed oestradiol compounds (1-2 mg) or conjugated oestrogens (0.625-1.25 mg) showed a significant 30% reduction of the relative risk (RR=0.69, 0.54 to 0.86). Those prescribed a combined oestradiol-levonorgestrel brand also demonstrated a significantly lowered relative risk (RR=0.53, 0.30 to 0.87). The risk estimates were near unity during the first year of follow-up but decreased during subsequent years. Exposure to the weak oestrogen oestriol did not after the risk. Conclusion Hormonal replacement therapy with oestrogens alone, and maybe also when cyclically combined with progestogens, can reduce the risk of acute myocardial infarction. C1 UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT STAT,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT GERIATR,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP FALKEBORN, M (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT GERIAT,BOX 2151,S-75002 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 42 TC 292 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0306-5456 J9 BRIT J OBSTET GYNAEC JI Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 99 IS 10 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14414.x PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA JT705 UT WOS:A1992JT70500009 PM 1419993 ER PT J AU PIRKLE, JL HOUK, VN AF PIRKLE, JL HOUK, VN TI USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES TO ASSESS HUMAN RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID VETERANS; VIETNAM AB Risk assessment for dioxin and other toxicants should be based on the best available scientific information. In the past, animal studies have provided the overwhelming majority of the scientific information used for risk assessment of organic compounds. During the past decade, a series of epidemiologic studies have been completed which provide useful human information which should decrease the uncertainty in dioxin risk assessment. In this article, we present the key trends and findings in epidemiologic studies of dioxin exposure and health effects that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has conducted or in which CDC collaborated. RP PIRKLE, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,MS-F20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1109 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90115-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000034 ER PT J AU FADEN, H GARY, GW ANDERSON, LJ AF FADEN, H GARY, GW ANDERSON, LJ TI CHRONIC PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN A PRESUMABLY IMMUNOLOGICALLY HEALTHY WOMAN SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; B19 PARVOVIRUS; BONE-MARROW; CELLS; ANTIBODIES; ANEMIA; DNA; SPECIMENS; INVITRO; ASSAY AB Infection due to parvovirus B19 is common and usually resolves over several weeks. Prolonged infection has been reported primarily in immunodeficient hosts. The present report describes a chronic infection in an apparently immunologically healthy woman. The illness was characterized by recurrent episodes of paresthesia without anemia. Laboratory studies demonstrated persistence of parvovirus-specific DNA for nearly 4 years. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BUFFALO,NY 14214. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FADEN, H (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP BUFFALO,DIV INFECT DIS,219 BRYANT ST,BUFFALO,NY 14222, USA. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 595 EP 597 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JQ471 UT WOS:A1992JQ47100004 PM 1330011 ER PT J AU BUCHMAN, AL MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA AMENT, ME AF BUCHMAN, AL MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA AMENT, ME TI CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER SEPSIS CAUSED BY UNUSUAL GORDONA (RHODOCOCCUS) SPECIES - IDENTIFICATION WITH A DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED RDNA PROBE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTIONS AB We describe central line sepsis caused by Gordona (Rhodococcus) species in two patients, which complicated receipt of long-term total parenteral nutrition at home. Species identification was attempted by conventional biochemical analysis and analysis of polymorphisms in the ribosomal RNA genes with use of a digoxigenin-labeled rDNA probe. Using these techniques, we identified our first patient's isolate as Gordona terrae. The isolate from our second patient was biochemically atypical and could not be reliably matched to any of the recognized Gordona (Rhodococcus) species. To our knowledge, these patients are the first to have been reported with systemic infection caused by Gordona (Rhodococcus) species. The first patient's infection resolved after 6 weeks of intravenous therapy with vancomycin with the catheter left in situ; however, infection in the second patient required catheter removal for cure. These cases show that immunocompetent patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition may develop central line infections with these unusual species of microorganisms. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP BUCHMAN, AL (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,PO DRAWER AL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 694 EP 697 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JQ471 UT WOS:A1992JQ47100019 PM 1420683 ER PT J AU KAMINSKI, ZC KAPILA, R SHARER, LR KLOSER, P KAUFMAN, L AF KAMINSKI, ZC KAPILA, R SHARER, LR KLOSER, P KAUFMAN, L TI MENINGITIS DUE TO PROTOTHECA-WICKERHAMII IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS AB The first documented case of algal meningitis due to Prototheca wickerhamii is reported in a patient with AIDS. The initial CSF culture yielded only Cryptococcus neoformans. P. wickerhamii was isolated on four subsequent lumbar punctures. The patient died, and at autopsy the alga was isolated from leptomeninges over the brain and about the spinal cord. Histologic sections from numerous locations of the brain revealed masses of cryptococci and protothecae. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,UNIV HOSP,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,UNIV HOSP,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 10 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 704 EP 706 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JQ471 UT WOS:A1992JQ47100022 PM 1420686 ER PT J AU SALEM, G SCHANTZ, P AF SALEM, G SCHANTZ, P TI TOXOCARAL VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS AFTER INGESTION OF RAW LAMB LIVER SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SALEM, G (reprint author), ST JOHN HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,21099 MASONIC,ST CLAIR SHORES,MI 48082, USA. NR 7 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 743 EP 744 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JQ471 UT WOS:A1992JQ47100037 PM 1420700 ER PT J AU MEHLMAN, MA AF MEHLMAN, MA TI DANGEROUS AND CANCER-CAUSING PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS IN THE OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY .8. HEALTH-EFFECTS OF MOTOR FUELS - CARCINOGENICITY OF GASOLINE - SCIENTIFIC UPDATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BOLOGNA INSTITUTE; BENZENE; LEUKEMIA; WORKERS; MORTALITY; 1,3-BUTADIENE; ONCOLOGY; AGENTS RP MEHLMAN, MA (reprint author), ATSDR,MAIL STOP E-28,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 59 IS 1 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80243-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC129 UT WOS:A1992KC12900022 PM 1425514 ER PT J AU TRUANT, AL SATISHCHANDRAN, V EISENSTAEDT, R RICHMAN, P MCNEIL, MM AF TRUANT, AL SATISHCHANDRAN, V EISENSTAEDT, R RICHMAN, P MCNEIL, MM TI OERSKOVIA-XANTHINEOLYTICA AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN A PATIENT WITH CIRRHOSIS AND VARICEAL HEMORRHAGE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TURBATA C1 TEMPLE UNIV HOSP & MED SCH,DEPT PATHOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. TEMPLE UNIV HOSP & MED SCH,DEPT MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. TEMPLE UNIV HOSP & MED SCH,CLIN LABS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. TEMPLE UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TRUANT, AL (reprint author), TEMPLE UNIV HOSP & MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,3401 N BROAD ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 950 EP 951 DI 10.1007/BF01962383 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KD824 UT WOS:A1992KD82400016 PM 1486895 ER PT J AU DICK, RB KRIEG, EF SETZER, J TAYLOR, B AF DICK, RB KRIEG, EF SETZER, J TAYLOR, B TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS FROM ACUTE EXPOSURES TO METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE AND METHYL ETHYL KETONE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE RP DICK, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 453 EP 473 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90185-K PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JU086 UT WOS:A1992JU08600017 PM 1459376 ER PT J AU DIBISCEGLIE, AM KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRAZZEAL, D HOOFNAGLE, JH AF DIBISCEGLIE, AM KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRAZZEAL, D HOOFNAGLE, JH TI HEPATITIS-C VIRAL-ANTIGEN (HCVAG) IN LIVER - EFFECT OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP A131 EP A131 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JR380 UT WOS:A1992JR38000346 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, M BRADLEY, DW MEEKS, E SPELBRING, JE AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, M BRADLEY, DW MEEKS, E SPELBRING, JE TI IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND PATHOGENETIC STUDIES OF ACUTE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION IN CHIMPANZEES SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP A131 EP A131 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JR380 UT WOS:A1992JR38000344 ER PT J AU MUNOZ, SJ BRADLEY, DW MARTIN, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K PURDY, MA WESTERBERG, S AF MUNOZ, SJ BRADLEY, DW MARTIN, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K PURDY, MA WESTERBERG, S TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH APPARENT FULMINANT NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITUS VIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP A76 EP A76 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JR380 UT WOS:A1992JR38000128 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP BANERJEE, S HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS MARTONE, WJ AF PANLILIO, AL CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP BANERJEE, S HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS MARTONE, WJ TI METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS, 1975-1991 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; NURSING-HOME; OUTBREAK; AMINOGLYCOSIDES; VANCOMYCIN; EMERGENCE; TRENDS; 1990S AB OBJECTIVES: Analyze changes that have occurred among U.S. hospitals over a 17-year period, 1975 through 1991, in the percentage of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and associated with nosocomial infections. DESIGN: Retrospective review. The percentage of methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was defined as the number of S aureus isolates resistant to either methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin divided by the total number of S aureus isolates for which methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin susceptibility test results were reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. SETTING: NNIS System hospitals. RESULTS: Of the 66,132 S aureus isolates that were tested for susceptibility to methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin during 1975 through 1991, 6,986 (11%) were resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin. The percentage MRSA among all hospitals rose from 2.4% in 1975 to 29% in 1991, but the rate of increase differed significantly among 3 bed-size categories: <200 beds, 200 to 499 beds, and greater-than-or-equal-to 500 beds. In 1991, for hospitals with <200 beds, 14.9% of S aureus isolates were MRSA; for hospitals with 200 to 499 beds, 20.3% were MRSA; and for hospitals with greater-than-or-equal-to 500 beds, 38.3% were MRSA. The percentage MRSA in each of the bed-size categories rose above 5% at different times: in 1983, for hospitals with greater-than-or-equal-to 500 beds; in 1985, for hospitals with 200 to 499 beds; and in 1987, for hospitals with <200 beds. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hospitals of all sizes are facing the problem of MRSA, the problem appears to be increasing regardless of hospital size, and control measures advocated for MRSA appear to require re-evaluation. Further study of MRSA in hospitals would benefit our understanding of this costly pathogen. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 39 TC 416 Z9 435 U1 0 U2 11 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 10 BP 582 EP 586 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JR963 UT WOS:A1992JR96300007 PM 1469266 ER PT J AU SHERERTZ, RJ MAROSOK, RD GARIBALDI, RA MAYHALL, CG SCHECKLER, WE BERG, R GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ LEE, JT AF SHERERTZ, RJ MAROSOK, RD GARIBALDI, RA MAYHALL, CG SCHECKLER, WE BERG, R GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ LEE, JT TI CONSENSUS PAPER ON THE SURVEILLANCE OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; AMBULATORY SURGERY; RATES; CONTAMINATION; METRONIDAZOLE; HYSTERECTOMY; APPENDECTOMY; PROGRAM AB A Surgical Wound Infection (SWI) Task Force was convened by The Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (SHEA) to evaluate how SWI surveillance should be done and to identify where more information is needed. The Task Force reached consensus in the following areas. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions of SWI should be used for routine surveillance because of their current widespread acceptance and reproducibility. The CDC definitions have been clarified in an accompanying article ("Report From the CDC"). Direct observation of wounds and traditional infection control surveillance techniques are acceptable methods of case finding for hospitalized patients. The optimal method for case finding postdischarge or after outpatient surgery is unknown at this time. SWI rates should be stratified by surgical wound class plus a measure of patient susceptibility to infection, such as the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, and duration of surgery. Surgeon-specific SWI rates should be calculated and reported to individual surgeons. C1 WAKE FOREST UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SECT,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27109. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,SCH MED,DEPT MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR HLTH SCI,COLL MED,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED & PRACTICE,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MINNESOTA,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT SURG,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP SHERERTZ, RJ (reprint author), SOC HOSP EPIDEMIOL AMER,875 KINGS HIGHWAY,SUITE 200,W DEPTFORD,NJ 08096, USA. NR 54 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 10 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JR963 UT WOS:A1992JR96300010 ER PT J AU HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG AF HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG TI CDC DEFINITIONS OF NOSOCOMIAL SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS, 1992 - A MODIFICATION OF CDC DEFINITIONS OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HORAN, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 1112 Z9 1147 U1 2 U2 25 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 10 BP 606 EP 608 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JR963 UT WOS:A1992JR96300011 PM 1334988 ER PT J AU BELL, DM SHAPIRO, CN CULVER, DH MARTONE, WJ CURRAN, JW HUGHES, JM AF BELL, DM SHAPIRO, CN CULVER, DH MARTONE, WJ CURRAN, JW HUGHES, JM TI RISK OF HEPATITIS-B AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSMISSION TO A PATIENT FROM AN INFECTED SURGEON DUE TO PERCUTANEOUS INJURY DURING AN INVASIVE PROCEDURE - ESTIMATES BASED ON A MODEL SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; SURGERY; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RISK ASSESSMENT ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; SURGICAL PERSONNEL; CONTROLLED TRIAL; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; OPERATING-ROOM; HIV-ANTIBODY; FINAL REPORT; BLOOD; EXPOSURE; TYPE-1 AB The objective was to estimate the probability of sporadic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure. Risk was estimated based on a model involving three probabilities: A, the probability that the surgeon will sustain a percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure; B, the probability that the sharp object causing the injury and now contaminated with the surgeon's blood will contact the patient's wound; and C, the probability that infection would be transmitted to the patient after such an exposure. The probability of transmission during one procedure is p = A x B x C. The probability of transmission to at least one patient during N procedures is 1 - (1 - p)N. Values for A, B, and C were estimated from prospective studies. The estimated probability of transmission from an infected surgeon to a patient during a single procedure is 0.00024-0.0024% for HIV and 0.024-0.24% for HBV if the surgeon is positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). The estimated probability of transmission to at least one patient during 3,500 procedures (estimated to be performed during an HIV-infected surgeon's remaining working life) is 0.81-8.1% for HIV; 57-100% for HBV if the surgeon is an HBeAg carrier. These estimates represent population averages and may not necessarily apply to a particular procedure performed by a particular surgeon, for which the risk may be considerably lower or higher than the estimated average. This fisk assessment, which is based on limited data and does not take clusters of transmission into account, predicts that the risk of sporadic HBV transmission from infected surgeons to patients due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure is small and that the risk of HIV transmission is less than that for HBV. More data are needed to understand both sporadic and epidemic transmission in order to further reduce patient risk. assessment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BELL, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAIL CODE A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 52 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 1 IS 5 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KD520 UT WOS:A1992KD52000005 PM 1344665 ER PT J AU AGOCS, MM MARKOWITZ, LE STRAUB, I DOMOK, I AF AGOCS, MM MARKOWITZ, LE STRAUB, I DOMOK, I TI THE 1988-1989 MEASLES EPIDEMIC IN HUNGARY - ASSESSMENT OF VACCINE FAILURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; EXPERIENCE AB Hungary has had a successful measles vaccination programme, achieving over 93% coverage in targeted groups. However, from September 1988 until December 1989, 17 938 measles cases were reported among the civilian population (attack rate [AR] = 169 per 100 000 population) with the majority of cases occurring in vaccinated people. National surveillance data were analysed to determine reasons for the outbreak and risk factors for vaccine failure. People born during 1971 and 1972 had been targeted for vaccination during campaigns in April and September of 1973 and had the highest AR (1332 and 1632 per 100000, respectively). Epidemiological studies of vaccine efficacy conducted among secondary school students corroborated these findings. Among 754 secondary school students, those vaccinated during the April 1973 campaign were at highest risk compared with those vaccinated at routine health care after 1974 (relative risk = 10.9, 95% confidence interval [Cl] : 2.5-47.9). Among 341 primary school students, one-dose recipients were at higher risk compared with two-dose recipients controlling for age at and time elapsed since vaccination (P = 0.04). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST HYG,BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RP AGOCS, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1013 DI 10.1093/ije/21.5.1007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JX020 UT WOS:A1992JX02000027 PM 1468837 ER PT J AU DIPIETRO, L ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF STUNKARD, AJ AF DIPIETRO, L ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF STUNKARD, AJ TI DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND WEIGHT CHANGE IN A NATIONAL COHORT OF ADULTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE DEPRESSION; EDUCATION; WEIGHT CHANGE ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; BLACK-WOMEN; OBESITY; HEALTH; MORTALITY AB To assess the influence of depressive symptoms (defined using the CES-D) on weight change, we analysed data from 1794 adults, aged 25-74 years, who participated in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1971-1975 and the National Health Epidemiologic Follow-up Study in 1982-1984. After adjusting for baseline covariates using multiple linear regression, the data show that younger men (<55 years) who were depressed at baseline gained nearly 3 kg more over the follow-up period than those who were not depressed. Among these younger men, however, education modified the effect of depression on weight change; those with <12 years of education gained more weight with depression than those with more education (6.2 vs. 1.2 kg, respectively; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01). In contrast, depressed younger women gained slightly less weight than those who were not depressed. Among younger women, education also modified the effects of depression on weight change; those with < 12 years of education gained less weight with depression than those with more education (-3.2 vs. 0.6 kg, respectively; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01). Among older people (greater-than-or-equal-to 55 years), both men and women who were depressed lost more weight than those who were not depressed. Depression may play a substantial role in the patterns of weight change among adults in the United States. These patterns of weight change may contribute to the adverse health effects associated with depression. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT K47,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DIPIETRO, L (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OBES RES GRP,3600 MARKET ST,ROOM 736,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 50 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 10 BP 745 EP 753 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JT429 UT WOS:A1992JT42900004 PM 1330954 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KT FREDERIKSEN, W HICKMANBRENNER, FW STEIGERWALT, AG RIDDLE, CF BRENNER, DJ AF JENSEN, KT FREDERIKSEN, W HICKMANBRENNER, FW STEIGERWALT, AG RIDDLE, CF BRENNER, DJ TI RECOGNITION OF MORGANELLA SUBSPECIES, WITH PROPOSAL OF MORGANELLA MORGANII SUBSP MORGANII SUBSP NOV AND MORGANELLA-MORGANII SUBSP SIBONII SUBSP NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEUS-MORGANII; IDENTIFICATION AB The genus name Morganella was established within the family Enterobacteriaceae in 1978. Morganella morganii is the only species described thus far within this genus, and the name M. morganii has been accepted by usage in the scientific community for strains previously known as Proteus morganii. M. morganii isolates differ in their abilities to ferment trehalose and exhibit variable lysine and ornithine decarboxylase patterns, emphasizing the phenotypic heterogeneity within this species. Previous genetic studies failed to reveal separate entities within the genus Morganella. We observed some trehalose-fermenting strains with different lysine and ornithine decarboxylase patterns. Two strains were lysine and ornithine positive, 3 were lysine positive and ornithine negative, and 29 were lysine negative and ornithine positive. These strains and 25 non-trehalose-fermenting strains with different lysine and ornithine decarboxylase patterns were investigated. DNA-DNA hybridization studies and phenotypic characterizations revealed that M. morganii can be separated into three DNA relatedness groups and seven biogroups. Strains from DNA relatedness group 1 were trehalose negative, and strains from DNA relatedness groups 2 and 3 were trehalose positive. One biogroup from DNA relatedness group 2 was phenotypically indistinguishable from DNA relatedness group 3. On the basis of these studies, we propose that M. morganii be subdivided into M. morganii subsp. morganii (type strain ATCC 25830) containing biogroups A, B, C, and D (DNA relatedness group 1) and M. morganii subsp. sibonii (type strain 8103-85; =ATCC 49948) containing biogroups E, F, and G (DNA relatedness groups 2 and 3). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAMS,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAMS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAMS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAMS,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JENSEN, KT (reprint author), STATENS SERUM INST,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 613 EP 620 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JR940 UT WOS:A1992JR94000017 PM 1390112 ER PT J AU MAGNANI, G ELIA, GF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM CHEZZI, C GABRIELLI, M FANTI, F AF MAGNANI, G ELIA, GF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM CHEZZI, C GABRIELLI, M FANTI, F TI RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI CAVITARY PNEUMONIA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS - AN UNSUSPECTED OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; CAVITARY PNEUMONIA; HIV PATIENTS; OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CORYNEBACTERIUM-EQUI; SYNDROME AIDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Two patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with no previous acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining conditions developed cavitary pneumonia and pleural disease caused by Rhodococcus equi. R. equi was isolated from these patients' sputum and lung biopsy specimens, respectively, but the microorganism was initially considered to be a contaminant (patient 1) or misidentified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium (patient 2). The R. equi infection was fatal in one patient, who died after 4 months without specific antimicrobial therapy; the second patient was unresponsive to combination therapy with various antimicrobial agents. R. equi may cause life-threatening infections in HIV-infected patients. Microbiology laboratories should be cognizant of the need to exclude R. equi as a cause of infection in highly immunosuppressed patients. C1 UNIV PARMA,IST MICROBIOL,VIA A GRAMSCI 14,I-43100 PARMA,ITALY. UNIV PARMA,IST ANAT PATOL,I-43100 PARMA,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1059 EP 1064 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JN550 UT WOS:A1992JN55000015 PM 1453322 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, LA DALING, JR MCFARLANE, C ASHLEY, D WARREN, CW AF WEBSTER, LA DALING, JR MCFARLANE, C ASHLEY, D WARREN, CW TI PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF CESAREAN-SECTION IN JAMAICA SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CESAREAN-SECTION; BRAZIL AB The prevalence and determinants of primary caesarean section in Jamaica were estimated from a survey of women aged 14-49 years. Among 2328 women reporting 2395 live hospital births during the period January 1984 to May 1989, the prevalence of caesarean section was 4.1%. Repeat caesarean sections accounted for 1-3% of the hospital births during that period. Of the medical complications studied, prolonged labour and/or cephalopelvic disproportion carried the highest risks of primary caesarean section, followed by breech presentation, maternal diabetes, a high birth-weight baby, maternal hypertension, and a low birth-weight baby. The risk of primary caesarean section increased with maternal age, decreased with parity, was higher for urban than for rural residents, and was higher for births in private versus government hospitals. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. MCFARLANE CONSULTANTS,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. MINIST HLTH,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GALTON FOUNDATION PI COLCHESTER PA P O BOX 32 COMMERCE WAY, COLCHESTER, ESSEX, ENGLAND CO2 8HP SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 515 EP 525 PG 11 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA JQ391 UT WOS:A1992JQ39100009 PM 1429779 ER PT J AU JACOBSEN, SJ FREEDMAN, DS HOFFMANN, RG GRUCHOW, HW ANDERSON, AJ BARBORIAK, JJ AF JACOBSEN, SJ FREEDMAN, DS HOFFMANN, RG GRUCHOW, HW ANDERSON, AJ BARBORIAK, JJ TI CHOLESTEROL AND CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE - AGE AS AN EFFECT MODIFIER SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY DISEASE; AGE FACTORS; RISK FACTORS; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES ID HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER PERSONS; FRAMINGHAM; DEATH; MEN AB An elevation of serum cholesterol has been one of the more frequently cited risk factors for coronary heart disease, found in both case-control and cohort studies. As a result, this country has undertaken massive screening of adults older than 20 years of age in an attempt to identify those persons with cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dl, and follow up with an active approach for intervention. The suggested cutpoints for borderline (200-240 mg/dl), and definite (greater-than-or-equal-to 240 mg/dl) hypercholesterolemia have been applied to all age groups despite suggestions of a diminution of risk conferred by cholesterol in the elderly. This study of 2544 white men undergoing coronary angiography shows that for all men, aged 25-84 years, plasma cholesterol levels were associated with an increase in coronary artery occlusion (r(s) = 0.15, p < 0.01). However, when stratified by age, this association held only for the younger men, the association diminishing to near zero in the oldest age group. The negative interaction between cholesterol levels and age in predicting coronary artery disease proved highly significant (p < 0.001) in multivariable linear regression analysis, suggesting that cholesterol levels are much less predictive of coronary artery disease in the elderly as compared to the young. These results point to the need for a more finely tuned set of criteria for the evaluation of hypercholesterolemia, one that takes into account the age of the screenee. C1 ST LUKES HOSP,CARDIOVASC DIS DATA REGISTRY,MILWAUKEE,WI 53215. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DIV BIOSTAT,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PUBL HLTH EDUC,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. RP JACOBSEN, SJ (reprint author), MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT HLTH SCI,CLIN EPIDEMIOL SECT,200 1ST ST SW,ROCHESTER,MN 55905, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL29011, R01-HL28692] NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1053 EP 1059 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90145-D PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR932 UT WOS:A1992JR93200002 PM 1474401 ER PT J AU SWENSON, JM FERRARO, MJ SAHM, DF CHARACHE, P TENOVER, FC HARDY, DJ MOELLERING, RC WILSON, WR AF SWENSON, JM FERRARO, MJ SAHM, DF CHARACHE, P TENOVER, FC HARDY, DJ MOELLERING, RC WILSON, WR TI NEW VANCOMYCIN DISK DIFFUSION BREAKPOINTS FOR ENTEROCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; TRANSFERABLE RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEICOPLANIN; FAECIUM AB Since 1988, when the first vancomycin-resistant enterococcus was described, several descriptions of failures of disk diffusion breakpoints to detect low-level vancomycin resistance (MICs, 8 to 32 mug/ml) have been published. A four-laboratory collaborative study was undertaken to establish more accurate breakpoints for the disk test. Mueller-Hinton agar was used to perform dilution testing (in three laboratories) and disk diffusion testing (in all laboratories). Results were determined at 18, 24, and 48 h, and zones of inhibition were read using both transmitted and reflected light. One hundred organisms (35 Enterococcus faecalis, 55 E. faecium, and 10 E. gallinarum or E. casseliflavus isolates) were selected to represent vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant phenotypes. Interlaboratory agreement of agar dilution MICs was better at 24 h (91 to 94% within +/-1 dilution) than at 18 h (76% within +/-1 dilution). Therefore, 24-h agar dilution MIC results were used as the reference. For disk diffusion, it was critical to note the presence of a haze or colonies inside the zone when interpreting the test, since this correlated better with the results of the agar dilution test. The presence of a haze or inner colonies was best detected by reading the zones with transmitted tight and incubating the plates for a full 24 h. When plotted against 24-h agar dilution MICs, breakpoints of less-than-or-equal-to 14 mm (resistant), 15 to 16 mm (intermediate), and greater-than-or-equal-to 17 mm (susceptible) resulted in 58 minor errors (14.5% of total values) and 5 very major errors (2.2% of resistant values or 1.3% of total values). No major errors were seen. Results of repeat testing using a common lot of Mueller-Hinton agar showed 52 minor errors (13.3%) and 4 major errors (4.2% of susceptible values or 1.0% of total values) but no very major errors. It is recommended that any haze or colonies within the zone be taken into account when determining zones of inhibition and that an MIC test be performed for strains with intermediate zones if vancomycin is being considered for treatment. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02114. UNIV CHICAGO,MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LABS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP SWENSON, JM (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2525 EP 2528 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JP653 UT WOS:A1992JP65300001 PM 1400949 ER PT J AU FARMER, JJ CARTER, GP MILLER, VL FALKOW, S WACHSMUTH, IK AF FARMER, JJ CARTER, GP MILLER, VL FALKOW, S WACHSMUTH, IK TI PYRAZINAMIDASE, CR-MOX AGAR, SALICIN FERMENTATION-ESCULIN HYDROLYSIS, AND D-XYLOSE FERMENTATION FOR IDENTIFYING PATHOGENIC SEROTYPES OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; INVASIVENESS; VIRULENCE; MILK AB We evaluated several simple laboratory tests that have been used to identify pathogenic serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica or to indicate the pathogenic potential of individual strains. A total of 100 strains of Y. enterocolitica were studied, including 25 isolated during five outbreak investigations, 63 from sporadic cases, and 12 from stock cultures. The pyrazinamidase test, which does not depend on the Yersinia virulence plasmid, correctly identified 60 of 63 (95% sensitivity) strains of pathogenic serotypes and 34 of 37 (92% specificity) strains of nonpathogenic serotypes. Salicin fermentation-esculin hydrolysis (25-degrees-C, 48 h) correctly identified all 63 (100% sensitivity) strains of the pathogenic serotypes and 34 of 37 (92% specificity) strains of the nonpathogenic serotypes. The results of the pyrazinamidase and salicin-esculin tests disagreed for only 7 of the 100 strains of Y. enterocolitica, and these would require additional testing. Congo red-magnesium oxalate (CR-MOX) agar determines Congo red dye uptake and calcium-dependent growth at 36-degrees-C, and small red colonies are present only if the strain contains the Yersinia virulence plasmid. This test has proven to be extremely useful for freshly isolated cultures, but only 15 of 62 strains of pathogenic serotypes that had been stored for 1 to 10 years were CR-MOX positive. None of the 16 strains of Y. enterocolitica serotype O3 fermented D-xylose, so this test easily differentiated strains of this serotype, which now appears to be the most common in the United States. Although antisera that can actually be used to serotype strains of Y. enterocolitica are not readily available, the four simple tests described above can be used to screen for pathogenic serotypes. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP FARMER, JJ (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Miller, Virginia/0000-0002-9522-1767 NR 20 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2589 EP 2594 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JP653 UT WOS:A1992JP65300012 PM 1400958 ER PT J AU MANOR, E IGHBARIEH, J SAROV, B KASSIS, I REGNERY, R AF MANOR, E IGHBARIEH, J SAROV, B KASSIS, I REGNERY, R TI HUMAN AND TICK SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIA ISOLATES FROM ISRAEL - A GENOTYPIC ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGEN AB The genomes of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated in different geographical areas of Israel (two from ticks and four from humans, obtained over a span of 20 years) were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. ne human isolates were obtained from patients suffering from rickettsial disease of different degrees of severity. The PCR products obtained with five pairs of oligonucleotide primers (two primer sets derived from the 190-kDa polypeptide gene and three from the 120-kDa polypeptide gene) and cleaved with restriction endonucleases were used to study the Israeli isolates and reference Rickettsia conorii isolates. Subtle differences between the PCR-RFLP patterns of Israeli isolates and the two R. conorii reference strains (Moroccan and no. 7) were seen when the PCR products derived from the 190-kDa gene-derived primer sets were digested. All of the Israeli isolates were identical by RFLP analysis using all of the primer sets. This study showed that the Israeli spotted fever group isolates (from both ticks and humans) were genetically homogeneous by the criteria used in this study, despite the time and location differences in their original isolation, and different as a group from R. conorii. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. SOROKA MED CTR,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NATL CTR INFECT DIS CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MANOR, E (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,VIROL UNIT,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 126688] NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2653 EP 2656 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JP653 UT WOS:A1992JP65300022 PM 1356998 ER PT J AU BUTLER, WR THIBERT, L KILBURN, JO AF BUTLER, WR THIBERT, L KILBURN, JO TI IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX STRAINS AND SOME SIMILAR SPECIES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA PROBES; GEN-PROBE; INTRACELLULARE; SCROFULACEUM; CULTURE AB Strains of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium gordonae were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mycolic acids as bromophenacyl esters. HPLC criteria were used to develop a flow chart identification scheme, which was evaluated in our laboratory with a set of 234 strains representing five species and a hitherto undescribed species. Correct identifications of M. gordonae and M. xenopi were easily made. Flow chart differentiation of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum was done with 97.9, 97.5, and 89.2% accuracies, respectively. Independent evaluation of the flow chart at a separate laboratory demonstrated an overall identification accuracy of 97% for M. avium complex. Strains that have been described biochemically as being intermediate between M. avium-M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum were identified as one or the other of these known species. Strains which were negative with the species-specific radioactive probe for M. avium complex but which were positive with the nonradioactive SNAP X probe were usually identified as M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum but rarely as M. avium. C1 LAB SANTE PUBL QUEBEC,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3R5,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP BUTLER, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOBACTERIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2698 EP 2704 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JP653 UT WOS:A1992JP65300030 PM 1400970 ER PT J AU CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL MICHALEK, JE AF CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL MICHALEK, JE TI EFFECTS OF MEASUREMENT ERROR ON ESTIMATING BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Direct computation of the observed biological half-life of a toxic compound in a person can lead to an undefined estimate when subsequent concentration measurements are greater than or equal to previous measurements. The likelihood of such an occurrence depends upon the length of time between measurements and the variance (intra-subject biological and inter-sample analytical) associated with the measurements. If the compound is lipophilic the subject's percentage of body fat al the times of measurement can also affect this likelihood. We present formulas for computing a model-predicted half-life estimate and its variance; and we derive expressions for the effect of sample size, measurement error, time between measurements, and any relevant covariates on the variability in model-predicted half-life estimates. We also use statistical modeling to estimate the probability of obtaining an undefined half-life estimate and to compute the expected number of undefined half-life estimates for a sample from a study population. Finally, we illustrate our methods using data from a study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure among 36 members of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of Agent Orange in Vietnam. RP CAUDILL, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 463 EP 476 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KG652 UT WOS:A1992KG65200006 PM 1483030 ER PT J AU PARK, BZ KINNEY, MB STEFFENSEN, JEM AF PARK, BZ KINNEY, MB STEFFENSEN, JEM TI PUTTING TEETH INTO YOUR PHYSICAL EXAM .1. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. CTR DIS CONTROL,INDIAN HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PARK, BZ (reprint author), AMER DENT HLTH ASSOC,FLUORIDAT & PREVENT HLTH ACT,211 E CHICAGO AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 459 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JT794 UT WOS:A1992JT79400019 PM 1402735 ER PT J AU ROTA, PA HEMPHILL, ML WHISTLER, T REGNERY, HL KENDAL, AP AF ROTA, PA HEMPHILL, ML WHISTLER, T REGNERY, HL KENDAL, AP TI ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEMAGGLUTININS OF RECENT COCIRCULATING STRAINS OF INFLUENZA-B VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; A H1N1; VARIANTS; PATHWAYS; LINEAGES; SELECTION AB The antigenic and genetic characteristics of the haemagglutinins of influenza type B viruses isolated since 1988 during periods of both widespread activity (1990/1991) and sporadic activity (1989/1990) were examined using microneutralization tests and direct RNA sequencing. During 1989/1990, influenza B viruses representative of two distinct lineages antigenically and genetically related to either B/Victoria/2/87 or B/Yamagata/16/88 were isolated, and a minor drift variant of B/Yamagata/16/88, B/Hong Kong/22/89, was identified. In 1990/1991, B/Hong Kong/22/89- or B/Yamagata/16/88-like viruses accounted for the majority of the influenza virus isolates in most countries. Sequence analysis of the HA1 domains of representative viruses confirmed the continued existence of two main lineages among recent strains of influenza B virus and identified unique amino acid changes that could account for the altered antigenic reactivity of some variants. Sequence analysis of the HA2 domains of some of the recent influenza B viruses allowed for a comparison of the evolutionary rates and patterns between the HA1 and HA2 domains. RP ROTA, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 35 TC 83 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 73 BP 2737 EP 2742 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-10-2737 PN 10 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JT944 UT WOS:A1992JT94400032 PM 1402807 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP BRAMMER, TL TRAPPIER, SG HUTWAGNER, LC FARRAR, BB RUO, SL BROWN, BG HERMANN, LM PEREZORONOZ, GI GOLDSMITH, CS HANES, MA MCCORMICK, JB AF FISHERHOCH, SP BRAMMER, TL TRAPPIER, SG HUTWAGNER, LC FARRAR, BB RUO, SL BROWN, BG HERMANN, LM PEREZORONOZ, GI GOLDSMITH, CS HANES, MA MCCORMICK, JB TI PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FILOVIRUSES - ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF PRIMATE HOST AND VIRUS-STRAIN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EBOLA VIRUS; INFECTION; ZAIRE AB African filoviruses have caused outbreaks of fulminating hemorrhagic fever among humans. In 1989, related filoviruses were isolated from cynomolgus monkeys imported into the United States from the Philippines. The pathogenic potential of these new filoviruses was compared in 16 Asian monkeys (Macaca fascicularis-cynomolgus) and 16 African monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops-African green) using African filoviruses from Zaire (Ebola virus) and Sudan or Asian filoviruses (Reston and Pennsylvania). African filovirus infections resulted in earlier death (P = .005), had a shorter duration of disease and median incubation period (3-4 vs. 7 days), and had earlier peak viremia (5-7 vs. 7-9 days). African green monkeys showed significantly higher survival than cynomolgus monkeys (P < .01), and some were asymptomatic as have been humans accidentally infected with Asian filovirus. Rechallenge experiments showed that protection in survivors of filovirus infections against fatal challenge with Ebola (Zaire) virus is unpredictable. The minimal clinical disease observed in humans infected with the Reston strain is consistent with host- and virus-dependent pathogenicity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RES ANIM SECT,SPECIAL PATHOL GENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ANIM RESOURCES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP FISHERHOCH, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 166 IS 4 BP 753 EP 763 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JP645 UT WOS:A1992JP64500009 PM 1527410 ER PT J AU OSTROFF, SM KAPPERUD, G LASSEN, J AASEN, S TAUXE, RV AF OSTROFF, SM KAPPERUD, G LASSEN, J AASEN, S TAUXE, RV TI CLINICAL-FEATURES OF SPORADIC YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTIONS IN NORWAY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MILK; O-3 AB During October 1988 through January 1990, a study of sporadic Yersinia enterocolitica infections was done in the Oslo region to assess the clinical impact and risk factors for this disease. Sixty-seven case-patients (mean age, 23.4 years) and 132 population-based age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Among patients who were well when interviewed, illness lasted a mean of 20 days, but 10% of the others remained symptomatic a year later. Bloody diarrhea occurred only in persons <18 years old (P = .002); joint pain was more common in adults (P = .001). Prolonged carriage was found in 47% of patients after resolution of symptoms. Patients were less likely to shed the organism after antimicrobial treatment (relative risk, 0.3; P = .003). Case-patients were more likely than controls to have antecedent enteric illness (odds ratio, 8.2; P < .001). Y. enterocolitica infection in Norway is notable for its severity and chronicity. Postsymptomatic shedding, which occurs commonly, may be reduced by antimicrobial treatment. RP CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ROOM 1-4419, MAILSTOP C09, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 166 IS 4 BP 812 EP 817 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JP645 UT WOS:A1992JP64500017 PM 1527416 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE ABRAMS, E SHAFFER, N CANNON, RO KAUL, A KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M HARTLEY, TM ROBERTS, B KILBOURNE, B THOMAS, P ROGERS, M HENEINE, W AF KAPLAN, JE ABRAMS, E SHAFFER, N CANNON, RO KAUL, A KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M HARTLEY, TM ROBERTS, B KILBOURNE, B THOMAS, P ROGERS, M HENEINE, W TI LOW-RISK OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IN NON-BREAST-FED INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AB The transmissibility of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type II from mother to child was investigated. Of 236 women enrolled during pregnancy in a study of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in 1986-1988, 21 (8.9%) were seropositive for HTLV-I/II. All 21 mothers were infected with HTLV-II by synthetic peptide testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HTLV-II-infected women were older (median age, 34 vs. 28 years), more likely to be black (70% vs. 38%), and more likely to report past or current intravenous drug use (85% vs. 56%) than HTLV-II-uninfected women. Of 20 non-breast-fed infants born to 19 of these HTLV-II-infected women, none had detectable HTLV-II by PCR done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at birth to 36 months of age. Serologic testing of these infants revealed gradual disappearance of HTLV-I/II antibody. While this study does not rule out the possibility of perinatal HTLV-II transmission, the data suggest that it occurs rarely in the absence of breast-feeding. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10037. LINCOLN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 166 IS 4 BP 892 EP 895 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JP645 UT WOS:A1992JP64500030 PM 1527426 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR IRWIN, KL LUDWIG, DD MCCOY, HV SERRANO, Y WORD, C BOWSER, BP FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB SCHILLING, RF HOLMBERG, SD AF EDLIN, BR IRWIN, KL LUDWIG, DD MCCOY, HV SERRANO, Y WORD, C BOWSER, BP FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB SCHILLING, RF HOLMBERG, SD TI HIGH-RISK SEX BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG STREET-RECRUITED CRACK COCAINE SMOKERS IN 3 AMERICAN CITIES - AN INTERIM-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIV AB Since crack cocaine appeared in urban areas in the United States in the mid-1980s. Reports have suggested that crack smokers may be at increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including infection with HIV, because they have multiple sex partners, trade sex for money or drugs, and rarely use condoms. A cross-sectional survey is being conducted in urban neighborhoods in Miami, New York and San Francisco-where crack use is common-to explore these issues. Indigenous street outreach workers are recruiting men and women who are either current regular crack smokers or who have never smoked crack; each group is further stratified according to whether participants had ever injected drugs. Participants were interviewed about their sexual and drug-use practices. Overall, crack smokers, whether injectors or not, engaged in higher-risk sexual behaviors than nonsmokers, reported greater numbers of sex partners than nonsmokers, and were more likely than nonsmokers to have exchanged sex for money or drugs or to have had an STD. Differences between crack smokers and nonsmokers were generally greater among noninjectors than among injectors, and generally greater among women than among men. Condom use, although somewhat more common with paying than nonpaying partners, was infrequent overall. Most of the subjects had not been in substance abuse treatment in the preceding 12 months, and a majority had never been in substance abuse treatment. Education and prevention programs specifically targeted at crack smokers not currently in substance abuse treatment are needed to reach these high-risk persons. C1 ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV MIAMI,COMPREHENS DRUG RES CTR,MIAMI,FL 33152. CALIF STATE UNIV HAYWARD,HAYWARD,CA 94542. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU204582, U64/CCU404539, U64/CCU904453] NR 26 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 4 PU HAIGHT-ASHBURY PUBL PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 409 CLAYTON ST, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 SN 0279-1072 J9 J PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS JI J. Psychoact. Drugs PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 363 EP 371 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA KF528 UT WOS:A1992KF52800006 PM 1491285 ER PT J AU WEATHERBY, NL SHULTZ, JM CHITWOOD, DD MCCOY, HV MCCOY, CB LUDWIG, DD EDLIN, BR AF WEATHERBY, NL SHULTZ, JM CHITWOOD, DD MCCOY, HV MCCOY, CB LUDWIG, DD EDLIN, BR TI CRACK COCAINE USE AND SEXUAL-ACTIVITY IN MIAMI, FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE CONDOM USE; CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; CRACK COCAINE; SEXUAL ACTIVITY; SEX BEHAVIOR; PROSTITUTION; MIAMI ID RISK; HIV AB Data are analyzed from the Multicenter Study of Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection in Miami, Florida, examining interrelationships among use of crack cocaine, use of other drugs, sexual activity, and exchange of sex for money and drugs. This study was designed to recruit two groups of approximately equal size: persons who reported current use of crack cocaine three or more times per week, and those who had never used crack. Participants (N=641) were recruited in Miami. Participants' median age for first use of crack cocaine was higher than for use of alcohol, marijuana or powdered cocaine. It was also higher than participants' ages at first sexual activity, and somewhat higher than the median age for reporting initiation of trading sex for money or drugs. The median age of first crack use was lower among younger participants, suggesting that crack use in older participants followed quickly upon availability of the drug. Crack users reported reduced desire for sex and diminished ability to have sex after smoking crack. However, crack use was associated with increased sexual activity, trading sex for money or drugs, and sex with multiple partners. Participants who traded sex for money or drugs (traders) reported higher rates of condom use than nontraders; however, neither traders nor nontraders reported rates of condom use sufficient to substantially reduce the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,MIAMI,FL 33136. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT SOCIOL,MIAMI,FL 33136. FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT PUBL HLTH,MIAMI,FL 33199. RP WEATHERBY, NL (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,COMPREHENS DRUG RES CTR,1400 NW 10TH AVE,SUITE 212,MIAMI,FL 33136, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404539-02] NR 13 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAIGHT-ASHBURY PUBL PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 409 CLAYTON ST, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 SN 0279-1072 J9 J PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS JI J. Psychoact. Drugs PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA KF528 UT WOS:A1992KF52800007 PM 1491286 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI PARTICIPATION IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL-EDUCATION AND SELECTED DIETARY PATTERNS AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. COLORADO STATE DEPT EDUC,DENVER,CO. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. SCH BOARD BROWARD CTY,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. SCH BOARD DADE CTY,MIAMI,FL. GEORGIA DEPT EDUC,ATLANTA,GA. HAWAII DEPT EDUC,HILO,HI. IDAHO DEPT EDUC,BOISE,ID. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. IOWA DEPT EDUC,DES MOINES,IA. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. MONTANA OFF PUBL INSTRUCT,HELENA,MT. NEBRASKA DEPT EDUC,LINCOLN,NE. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT EDUC,CONCORD,NH. JERSEY CITY DEPT EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT EDUC,TRENTON,NJ. NEW MEXICO STATE DEPT EDUC,SANTA FE,NM. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY 12224. OREGON DEPT EDUC,SALEM,OR. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. PENN DEPT EDUC,HARRISBURG,PA. PUERTO RICO DEPT EDUC,SAN JUAN,PR. S CAROLINA STATE DEPT EDUC,COLUMBIA,SC. S DAKOTA DEPT EDUC & PUBL AFFAIRS,PIERRE,SD. TENNESSEE STATE DEPT EDUC,NASHVILLE,TN. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. UTAH STATE OFF EDUC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. GOVT VIRGIN ISL DEPT EDUC,CHARLOTTE AMALIE,VI. WISCONSIN DEPT PUBL INSTRUCT,MADISON,WI. WYOMING DEPT EDUC,CHEYENNE,WI. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOORE, J (reprint author), ALABAMA STATE DEPT EDUC,MONTGOMERY,AL, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 62 IS 8 BP 392 EP 394 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JU853 UT WOS:A1992JU85300007 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM MCALLISTER, SK GORDON, SM FAVERO, MS JARVIS, WR AF PEGUES, DA OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM MCALLISTER, SK GORDON, SM FAVERO, MS JARVIS, WR TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF PYROGENIC REACTIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS USING BICARBONATE DIALYSIS FLUIDS FILTERED TO REMOVE BACTERIA AND ENDOTOXIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS; HIGH-FLUX DIALYSIS; PYROGENIC REACTION; BICARBONATE DIALYSATE; ENDOTOXIN; FILTRATION ID INTERLEUKIN-1; INDUCTION AB Pyrogenic reactions (PR) are a well-recognized complication of hemodialysis and have been associated with dialyzer reuse, high-flux dialysis, and bicarbonate dialysate. However, the roles of bacteria and endotoxin in dialysate for producing PR are not well defined. To determine the effect of removing most bacteria and endotoxin from the dialysate on the incidence of PR, a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients receiving high-flux, high-efficiency, or conventional hemodialysis at three centers with bicarbonate dialysis fluids that had been filtered with a polysulfone high-flux hemodialyzer was prospectively studied. Unfiltered bicarbonate concentrate had median bacterial and endotoxin concentrations of 479,000 CFU/mL and 39,800 pg/mL, respectively. After filtration of the bicarbonate concentrate at the central proportioner, dialysate had a median 9.2 CFU/mL of bacteria and 17.8 pg/mL of endotoxin. Dialysate filtered at individual proportioning dialysis machines had a median 0.001 CFU/mL of bacteria and 0.19 pg/mL of endotoxin. Nine PR were identified among 303 patients after 28,007 hemodialysis treatments (0.3 PR/1,000 treatments). The rate of PR was similar for the three hemodialysis treatment modalities and for first-use compared with reused dialyzers. Although the PR rate in this study was lower (P = 0.046) than the PR rate of a previous study with unfiltered dialysis fluids (0.7 PR/1,000 treatments), it represents a difference of only 10 PR in over 28,000 treatments. It was concluded that filtration of hemodialysis fluids is efficacious in removing bacterial and endotoxin contamination and can result in a lower incidence of PR in patients receiving high-flux, high-efficiency, or conventional hemodialysis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP C01,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RENAL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. DIALYSIS CLIN INC,ATLANTA,GA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1007 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA JU826 UT WOS:A1992JU82600014 PM 1450362 ER PT J AU BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK AF BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK TI WOUND INFECTIONS AFTER TORNADOES SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter RP BRENNER, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 IS 4 BP 643 EP 643 DI 10.1097/00005373-199210000-00024 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA JY184 UT WOS:A1992JY18400024 PM 1433414 ER PT J AU DUFFY, LC ZIELEZNY, MA MARSHALL, JR WEISER, MM PHILLIPS, JF BYERS, TE OGRA, PL GRAHAM, S AF DUFFY, LC ZIELEZNY, MA MARSHALL, JR WEISER, MM PHILLIPS, JF BYERS, TE OGRA, PL GRAHAM, S TI COMPARISON OF STRESS INDEXES IN GAUGING CLINICAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; MAJOR EVENTS; DAILY STRAINS, STRESS LADDER; CLINICAL DISEASE ACTIVITY ID LIFE EVENTS AB Stress indices are widely available but few have been validated or used for monitoring clinical disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders. One hundred twenty-three outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ParticiPated in this prospective investigation. Stress events (major events, daily strains, Perceived stress) and disease activity were monitored for six consecutive follow-ups using standardized instruments. We present effect estimates of daily strains on clinical disease activity separately from the effect of major stress events. Our results indicate that the stress measures were moderately correlated, correlation coefficients ranged from .64 to .66. In relation to disease self-perceived stress using a stress ladder (r = .31, p < .001) was comparable to probing stress event checklists (major events: r = .34, p < .001; daily strains: r = .20, p = NS). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that each of the three methods of evaluating stress makes a significant contribution, even after adjustment for potential confounders. No substantial increase in the ProPortion Of explained variance was evident in an analysis based on a composite index of major events and daily strains. A clinical implication of these results is that while self-perceptions of emotional stress may be less objective measures, influencing changes in stress perceptions may be useful in the treatment and prevention IBD. C1 STATE UNIV NEW YORK, DEPT SOCIAL & PREVENT MED, BUFFALO, NY 14214 USA. STATE UNIV NEW YORK BUFFALO, DIV GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL & NUTR, BUFFALO, NY 14203 USA. BUFFALO GEN HOSP, BUFFALO, NY 14203 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, CHRONIC DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP STATE UNIV NEW YORK BUFFALO, CHILDRENS HOSP, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BUFFALO, NY 14222 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-9867 EI 1573-6598 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD OCT PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 601 EP 612 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JX298 UT WOS:A1992JX29800007 ER PT J AU FUKUHARA, T HOOPER, WC BAYLIN, SB BENSON, J PRUCKLER, J OLSON, AC EVATT, BL VOGLER, WR AF FUKUHARA, T HOOPER, WC BAYLIN, SB BENSON, J PRUCKLER, J OLSON, AC EVATT, BL VOGLER, WR TI USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TO DETECT HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE CALCITONIN GENE - A NEW, SENSITIVE APPROACH TO MONITOR TUMOR-CELLS IN ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HYPERMETHYLATION; CALCITONIN GENE; HPAII; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SOUTHERN-BLOT ANALYSIS; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; HL-60 ID MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS; LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; ABNORMAL METHYLATION; REGION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; LYMPHOMAS AB Based on the recent observations that, in a majority of patients with acute leukemia, the 5' end of the calcitonin gene was hypermethylated and abnormal DNA fragments were observed following HpaII restriction digestion, we have developed a PCR-based method to sensitively detect this abnormal methylation of the calcitonin gene in AML. Applying the concept of competitive PCR, a semi-quantitative correlation was obtained between the amount of hypermethylation and the amount of leukemic cells present. These results suggest that this method will be useful to monitor the amount of tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with AML. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/0145-2126(92)90083-J PG 10 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA JT916 UT WOS:A1992JT91600011 PM 1405705 ER PT J AU PATE, RR MACERA, CA BAILEY, SP BARTOLI, WP POWELL, KE AF PATE, RR MACERA, CA BAILEY, SP BARTOLI, WP POWELL, KE TI PHYSIOLOGICAL, ANTHROPOMETRIC, AND TRAINING CORRELATES OF RUNNING ECONOMY SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER; AEROBIC DEMAND; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; SUBMAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION ID MALE RUNNERS; OXYGEN COST; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; MEN; MECHANICS; WOMEN; MASS AB Potential physiological, anthropometric, and training determinants of running economy (RE) were studied in a heterogeneous group of habitual distance runners (N = 188, 119 males, 69 females). RE was measured as VO2 (ml . kg-1 min-1) during level treadmill running at 161 m . min-1 (6 mph) (VO2-6). Examined as potential determinants of RE were heart rate and ventilation while running at 6 mph (HR6, VE6), VO2max (ml . kg-1 . min-1), % fat, age, gender, height, weight, estimated leg mass, typical training pace, training volume, and sit-and-reach test performance. RE was entered as the dependent variable and the potential determinants as independent variables in zero-order correlation and multiple regression analyses. Zero-order correlation analysis found VO2max, HR6, and VE6 to be significantly, positively correlated with VO2-6 (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis, in which the independent effect of each predictor variable was examined, revealed VO2-6 to be positively correlated with VO2max (P < 0.001), HR6 (P < 0.001), VE6 (P < 0.00 1), and age (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with weight (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that, in a diverse group of runners, better RE (VO2-6) is associated with lower VO2max, lower submaximal exercise VE and HR, lower age, and greater weight. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP PATE, RR (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1128 EP 1133 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA JT398 UT WOS:A1992JT39800010 PM 1435160 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, IF QARI, SH SKINNER, J OLIVEIRA, S NASCIMENTO, JM POVOA, MM COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF GOLDMAN, IF QARI, SH SKINNER, J OLIVEIRA, S NASCIMENTO, JM POVOA, MM COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI USE OF GLASS-BEADS AND CF-11 CELLULOSE FOR REMOVAL OF LEUKOCYTES FROM MALARIA-INFECTED HUMAN BLOOD IN FIELD SETTINGS SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE GLASS BEADS; CF-11 CELLULOSE; LEUKOCYTES; MALARIA-INFECTED HUMAN BLOOD ID CHROMOSOME SIZE POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; P-FALCIPARUM; GENE; SPOROZOITE; DELETIONS; SURFACE; ANTIGEN; DOMAINS AB Passage of malaria-infected blood through a two-layered column composed of acid-washed glass beads and CF 11 cellulose removes white cells from parasitized blood However, because use of glass beads and CF 11 cellulose requires filtration of infected blood separately through these two resins and the addition of ADP, the procedure is time-consuming and may be inappropriate for use in the field, especially when large numbers of blood samples are to be treated. Our modification of this process yields parasitized cells free of contaminating leukocytes, and because of its operational simplicity, large numbers of blood samples can be processed. Our procedure also compares well with those using expensive commercial Sepacell resins in its ability to separate leukocytes from whole blood. As a test of usefulness in molecular biologic investigations, the parasites obtained from the blood of malaria-infected patients using the modified procedure yield genomic DNA whose single copy gene, the circumsporozite gene, efficiently amplifies by polymerase chain reaction. C1 FUNDACAO NACL SAUDE,INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,BELEM,PARA,BRAZIL. RP GOLDMAN, IF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 87 IS 4 BP 583 EP 587 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA KH943 UT WOS:A1992KH94300019 PM 1343674 ER PT J AU QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF POVOA, MM DISANTI, S ALPERS, MP LAL, AA AF QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF POVOA, MM DISANTI, S ALPERS, MP LAL, AA TI POLYMORPHISM IN THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF THE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; CLONAL TYPING; EPITOPE POLYMORPHISM ID T-CELL EPITOPES; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; FALCIPARUM; GENE; SPOROZOITE; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOGENETICS; LYMPHOCYTES AB The circumsporozoite (CS) protein that covers the surface of infectious sporozoites is a candidate antigen in malaria vaccine development. To determine the extent of B- and T-epitope polymorphism and to understand the mechanisms of antigenic variability, we have characterized the CS protein gene of Plasmodium vivax from field isolates representing geographically distant regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Brazil. In the central repeat region of the CS protein, in addition to variation in the number of repeats, an array of mutations was observed which suggests that point mutations have led to the emergence of the variant CS repeat sequence ANGA(G/D)(N/D)QPG from GDRA(D/A)GQPA. Outside the repeat region of the protein, the nonsilent nucleotide substitutions of independent origin are localized in three domains of the protein that either harbor known T-cell determinants or are analogous to the Plasmodium falciparum immunodominant determinants, Th2R and Th3R. We have found that, with the exception of one CS clone sequence that was shared by one P. vivax isolate each from PNG and Brazil, the P. vivax CS protein types can be grouped into Papuan and Brazilian types. These results suggest that an in-depth study of parasite population dynamics is required before field trials for vaccine formulations based on polymorphic immunodominant determinants are conducted. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAIL STOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST EVANDRA CHAGAS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. SUCEN,DEPT MALARID,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Di Santi, Silvia/D-8973-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI00006-01] NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90131-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA JV683 UT WOS:A1992JV68300011 PM 1279418 ER PT J AU BLACK, CM THARPE, JA RUSSELL, H AF BLACK, CM THARPE, JA RUSSELL, H TI DISTINGUISHING CHLAMYDIA SPECIES BY RESTRICTION ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN GENE SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE GENE TYPING; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TWAR; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE ID PNEUMONIAE STRAIN TWAR; TRACHOMATIS; POLYMORPHISM; DIAGNOSIS RP BLACK, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BLDG 5-310,MS G05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0890-8508(92)90033-T PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA JX525 UT WOS:A1992JX52500007 PM 1361962 ER PT J AU KEMPE, A WISE, PH BARKAN, SE SAPPENFIELD, WM SACHS, B GORTMAKER, SL SOBOL, AM FIRST, LR PURSLEY, D RINEHART, H KOTELCHUCK, M COLE, FS GUNTER, N STOCKBAUER, JW AF KEMPE, A WISE, PH BARKAN, SE SAPPENFIELD, WM SACHS, B GORTMAKER, SL SOBOL, AM FIRST, LR PURSLEY, D RINEHART, H KOTELCHUCK, M COLE, FS GUNTER, N STOCKBAUER, JW TI CLINICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE RACIAL DISPARITY IN VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRETERM DELIVERY; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PREMATURE RUPTURE; INFANT-MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; MEMBRANES; DECLINE AB Background. Although the risk of very low birth weight (< 1500 g) is more than twice as high among blacks as among whites in the United States, the clinical conditions associated with this disparity remain poorly explored. Methods and Results. We reviewed the medical records of over 98 percent of all infants weighing 500 to 1499 g who were born in Boston during the period 1980 through 1985 (687 infants), in St. Louis in 1985 and 1986 (397 infants), and in two health districts in Mississippi in 1984 and 1985 (215 infants). The medical records of the infants' mothers were also reviewed. These data were linked to birth-certificate files. During the study periods, there were 49,196 live births in Boston, 16,232 in St. Louis, and 16,332 in the Mississippi districts. The relative risk of very low birth weight among black infants as compared with white infants ranged from 2.3 to 3.2 in the three areas. The higher proportion of black infants with very low birth weights was related to an elevated risk in their mothers of major conditions associated with very low birth weight, primarily chorioamnionitis or premature rupture of the amniotic membrane (associated with 38.0 percent of the excess proportion of black infants with very low birth weights [95 percent confidence interval, 31.3 to 45.4 percent]); idiopathic preterm labor (20.9 percent of the excess [95 percent confidence interval, 16.0 to 26.4 percent]); hypertensive disorders (12.3 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 8.6 to 16.6 percent]); and hemorrhage (9.8 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 5.5 to 13.5 percent]). Conclusions. The higher proportion of black infants with very low birth weights is associated with a greater frequency of all major maternal conditions precipitating delivery among black women. Reductions in the disparity in birth weight between blacks and whites are not likely to result from any single clinical intervention but, rather, from comprehensive preventive strategies. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,HARVARD INST REPROD & CHILD HLTH,RICHARDSON FULLER BLDG,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,JOINT PROGRAM NEONATOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL BEHAV,BOSTON,MA 02115. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,BUR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD MED,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST LOUIS CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV NEWBORN MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63178. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL & PHYSIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,JACKSON,MS. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD24124]; PHS HHS [000102] NR 22 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 14 BP 969 EP 973 DI 10.1056/NEJM199210013271401 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JQ225 UT WOS:A1992JQ22500001 PM 1518548 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T NUNEZ, JC RULLAN, JV MARKOWITZ, LE BARKER, ND HORAN, J AF DIAZ, T NUNEZ, JC RULLAN, JV MARKOWITZ, LE BARKER, ND HORAN, J TI RISK-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE MEASLES IN PUERTO-RICO SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SEVERE MEASLES; PUERTO-RICO; RISK FACTORS ID MORTALITY; INFECTION; CHILDREN; HOUSEHOLDS; EXPOSURE; AREA AB From January to April, 1990, 695 measles cases were reported to the Puerto Rico Health Department; there were 12 measles-associated deaths (case fatality ratio, 17/1000), more than in any year since 1967. We conducted a case-control study of risk factors for severe measles. We identified 16 children (ages 5 to 34 months) with severe measles and selected children with nonsevere measles as controls (39 hospitalized and 38 nonhospitalized). Controls were frequency matched to severe measles cases by region of residence. One case and two controls had been vaccinated. An underlying illness was present in 50% of cases and 16% of nonhospitalized controls (Mantel-Haenszel weighted odds ratio 5.3; 95% confidence interval 1.4, 20.2). In a multivariate analysis cases were significantly more likely than hospitalized controls to be from families with an annual income of <$5000 (odds ratio (OR), 26.9), to have a mother without a high school degree (OR 11.1), to be anemic (hemoglobin <10 g/dl) (OR 15.9) and have an underlying illness (OR 18.3). During measles outbreaks preventing severe illness requires aggressive control measures and strategies to increase vaccine coverage of children with underlying illnesses and of low socioeconomic status. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SALAMANCA,DEPT PUBL HLTH & PREVENT MED,SALAMANCA,SPAIN. PUERTO RICO HLTH DEPT,DIV EPIDEMIOL,RIO PIEDRAS,PR. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,AIDS SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1097/00006454-199210000-00006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JT864 UT WOS:A1992JT86400006 PM 1408482 ER PT J AU GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE HUTCHINS, SS AF GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE HUTCHINS, SS TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MEASLES IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1989 AND 1990 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; IMMUNIZATION ID VACCINE; EFFICACY; OUTBREAK AB During 1989 and 1990 measles incidence increased sharply in the United States. We compared cases reported during these years with those reported between 1981 and 1988. Incidence increased 462% in 1989, and incidence in 1990 (11.2/100 000) was the highest in more than a decade. Although all ages were affected the greatest increases were in children <5 years and in adults. Incidence was 7- to 10-fold higher among racial/ethnic minority preschoolers than whites, and 80% of vaccine-eligible preschool age cases were unvaccinated. Complications occurred in 9418 (20.5%) cases, most frequently in young children and adults. Large urban outbreaks affecting predominantly unvaccinated preschoolers were common; 47% of all cases reported in 1990 were associated with 5 outbreaks. Reasons for the increased incidence are not clear. Current information suggests no change in vaccination coverage among pre-school age children or in vaccine efficacy. Continued surveillance and evaluation of epidemiologic and laboratory data are necessary. The most pressing need is to improve age-appropriate vaccination among preschool age children. RP GINDLER, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 841 EP 846 DI 10.1097/00006454-199210000-00007 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JT864 UT WOS:A1992JT86400007 PM 1408483 ER PT J AU LEBARON, CW ALLEN, JR HEBERT, M WOODS, P LEW, J GLASS, RI AF LEBARON, CW ALLEN, JR HEBERT, M WOODS, P LEW, J GLASS, RI TI OUTBREAKS OF SUMMER ROTAVIRUS LINKED TO LABORATORY PRACTICES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; PSEUDOOUTBREAKS; LABORATORY METHODS; SURVEILLANCE ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; FECAL SPECIMENS AB In temperate regions rotavirus diarrhea is a disease of the cooler months of the year, but little is known about its patterns in the summer. We report on the first year of national surveillance of rotavirus, during which we actively investigated patterns of summer activity. We obtained data on rotavirus testing from 85 laboratories in 48 states, conducted a survey of their testing practices and retested for confirmation positive specimens from laboratories reporting high rates of positivity during the summer. During 1989 participating laboratories reported 4011 specimens tested for rotavirus during July and August, of which 436 (11%) were said to be positive. Most laboratories reported low rates of positivity during these months (median percent positive, 3), but five had very high rates of summer positivity (>30%). These five laboratories were geographically separated, and neighboring laboratories showed little rotavirus activity. Positive specimens submitted by four of these centers with high rates of summer rotavirus could not be confirmed. A survey of laboratory methods found one commercial assay (TestPack(R)) and two laboratory practices (failure to use controls and involvement of more than six technicians in the testing process) to be associated with high rates of summer positivity. Moderate rates of positivity (11 to 30%) were found frequently in the southwest during July and August; reference testing of specimens from these laboratories confirmed positivity. We conclude that in the United States reports of intense rotavirus activity during the summer are likely to represent false positive detections, that laboratories performing rotavirus testing should avoid methods linked in this study with the risk of false positivity and that periodic confirmatory testing is essential for assuring the reliability of test results. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 860 EP 865 DI 10.1097/00006454-199210000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JT864 UT WOS:A1992JT86400011 PM 1408487 ER PT J AU WEST, DJ MARGOLIS, HS AF WEST, DJ MARGOLIS, HS TI PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES - A PEDIATRIC PERSPECTIVE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B; PREVENTION ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CARRIER MOTHERS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFANTS BORN; VACCINE; EFFICACY; RECOMBINANT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 76 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 10 BP 866 EP 874 DI 10.1097/00006454-199210000-00012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JT864 UT WOS:A1992JT86400012 PM 1408488 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, MB MASCOLA, L SMITH, W THOMAS, P HSU, HW MALDONADO, Y PARROTT, R BYERS, R OXTOBY, M AF CALDWELL, MB MASCOLA, L SMITH, W THOMAS, P HSU, HW MALDONADO, Y PARROTT, R BYERS, R OXTOBY, M TI BIOLOGIC, FOSTER, AND ADOPTIVE PARENTS - CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN EXPOSED PERINATALLY TO HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PERINATAL INFECTION; CAREGIVERS; FOSTER CARE; ADOPTION AB Children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers often do not live with a biologic parent because of drug use, illness, or death of the mother. Public health officials need to know the number and proportion of children who will require care by someone other than a biologic parent (alternative care giver). The Pediatric Spectrum of Disease project, conducted in six different geographic regions in the United States, assesses issues specific to HIV in children. Among the information being collected in this study are data regarding the primary care giver. Of 1683 children born to HIV-infected mothers and enrolled through 1990, 55% (937) were living with a biologic parent, 10% (169) with another relative, 28% (455) were in foster care, 3% (55) had been adopted, and 4% (67) lived in group settings or with other care givers. In all locations and for all racial/ethnic groups, children of mothers who used intravenous drugs were more likely to be living with an alternative care giver than were children of mothers who had not used intravenous drugs (odds ratio 4.15). However, there were striking variations by study location (odds ratio range 1.4 to 7.2). The data suggest that maternal drug use may be the most important factor determining whether a child lives with a biologic parent and that there are also regional differences in alternative care placement. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. LOS ANGELES DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. MASSACHUSSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CALDWELL, MB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 603 EP 607 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JT863 UT WOS:A1992JT86300018 PM 1408516 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, MA BOCK, HGO PHILEN, RM HILL, RH CRAWFORD, LV AF SPRINGER, MA BOCK, HGO PHILEN, RM HILL, RH CRAWFORD, LV TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME IN A CHILD WITH PHENYLKETONURIA SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN; INGESTION; SCLERODERMA; FASCIITIS; ILLNESS AB Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been observed primarily among adults who take over-the-counter tryptophan preparations for a variety of common ailments.1-5 EMS occasionally has been identified among children, including a neonate with persistent eosinophilia whose mother ingested tryptophan during pregnancy.6 However, no patients have been described as having EMS after ingesting infant formula containing contaminated tryptophan, nor have there been cases of EMS described among patients with phenylketonuria. We present the case of a child with phenylketonuria who developed EMS after ingesting a specialized infant formula containing contaminated tryptophan. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,JACKSON,MS 39216. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SPRINGER, MA (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,956 COURT AVE,RM B310,MEMPHIS,TN 38163, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 630 EP 633 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JT863 UT WOS:A1992JT86300026 PM 1408523 ER PT J AU POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A AF POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A TI SUPPLEMENT 1991 (NO-35) TO THE KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; SEROVARS, TAXONOMY, KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME ID SALMONELLA; NOV AB This supplement reports the characterization of 28 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1991 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 12 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 10 to subspecies salamae, 4 to subspecies diarizonae and 2 to S. bongori. C1 NATL REFERENZZENTRUM ENTERITISERREGER,INST HYG,HAMBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPOFF, MY (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES SALMONELLA,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 143 IS 8 BP 807 EP 811 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90109-2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JX004 UT WOS:A1992JX00400008 PM 1298033 ER PT J AU FAVERO, MS ALTER, MJ AF FAVERO, MS ALTER, MJ TI HEPATITIS-B SEROLOGIES AND ISOLATION IN HEMODIALYSIS SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Letter RP FAVERO, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.1992.tb00241.x PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA JV652 UT WOS:A1992JV65200024 ER PT J AU MURRILL, CS KUNCL, KA WEEKS, HR WHYTE, BM PETERSEN, LR JANSSEN, RS AF MURRILL, CS KUNCL, KA WEEKS, HR WHYTE, BM PETERSEN, LR JANSSEN, RS TI HIV SEROPREVALENCE IN HOSPITAL PATIENTS IN RURAL GEORGIA SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCY AB To determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among hospital patients in three rural community-based hospitals in southern Georgia, we anonymously tested patients 15 to 54 years old for antibodies to HIV-1 from residual blood specimens collected for routine diagnostic purposes. Data collected included age, sex, race, hospital service, presenting condition, physician's knowledge of HIV infection status, and discharge diagnosis. Of 1319 patients tested, seven (0.5%, 95% confidence interval = 0.2% to 1.1%) had antibodies to HIV-1. Of those seven, five had HIV infection unsuspected by their physicians, and four had an infectious disease. HIV seroprevalence was 0.5% for both men and women, 1.0% for blacks, and 0.3% for whites. HIV-positive patients were found on all hospital services. These results suggest that in rural southern Georgia hospitals, HIV should be routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions that may be related to HIV. In addition, these data demonstrate a need for medical services or referral networks for HIV-related illnesses and a need for continuing HIV counseling and testing offered by local health departments in rural southern Georgia. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 10 BP 969 EP 971 DI 10.1097/00007611-199210000-00009 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JU912 UT WOS:A1992JU91200009 PM 1411737 ER PT J AU MOYER, LA SHAPIRO, CN SHULMAN, G BRUGLIERA, PD ALTER, MJ AF MOYER, LA SHAPIRO, CN SHULMAN, G BRUGLIERA, PD ALTER, MJ TI A SURVEY OF HEPATITIS-B SURFACE ANTIGEN-POSITIVE BLOOD-DONORS - DEGREE OF UNDERSTANDING AND ACTION TAKEN AFTER NOTIFICATION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article AB All blood donors in the United States are tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) upon donation; if the test result is positive, the primary method of notification is by letter. To assess the effectiveness of this notification method in stimulating HBsAg-positive donors to seek medical care and take preventive measures, 54 donors who tested HBsAg-positive on donation at the American Red Cross Blood Services, Atlanta Region, from January 1987 to July 1989 were interviewed. Thirty-nine donors (72%) had sought medical care after notification; the only motivating factor was that the letter told the donor to consult with his or her physician. Compared with donors who did not seek medical care, donors who did so were more likely to understand that the blood test was abnormal or that they were infected, and they were more likely to understand how hepatitis B virus is transmitted and that a vaccine is available. The differences were not significant, however. Of those donors who sought medical care, less than half received appropriate recommendations for protection of contacts, and of those who did, only one-third received prophylaxis. In-person and telephone interviews with donors, revision of the notification letter, and hepatitis B education programs targeted at medical care providers are suggested. C1 AMER RED CROSS BLOOD SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP MOYER, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 BP 702 EP 706 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32893032094.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JV169 UT WOS:A1992JV16900003 PM 1412675 ER PT J AU FRICKE, W AUGUSTYNIAK, L LAWRENCE, D BROWNSTEIN, A KRAMER, A EVATT, B AF FRICKE, W AUGUSTYNIAK, L LAWRENCE, D BROWNSTEIN, A KRAMER, A EVATT, B TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION DUE TO CLOTTING FACTOR CONCENTRATES - RESULTS OF THE SEROCONVERSION SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILIA-B; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION AB From 1987 to the present, the Seroconversion Surveillance Project has provided the means by which to monitor the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by clotting factor concentrates. One hundred thirty-one hemophilia treatment centers in the United States are contacted regularly, and data on HIV testing of patients are collected. To date, 4366 (46.0%) of 9496 patients have been reported to be seropositive, and 37 new seroconversions have been identified. Nine of these have met the Centers for Disease Control criteria for seroconversion while the patient was taking factor concentrate. None of the nine seroconversions were due to concentrates that had been treated to inactivate viruses and made from plasma that had been tested for HIV antibody. These results indicate that there is a high prevalence of seropositivity in affected patient groups, but that the risk of HIV infection from currently available clotting factor concentrates is extremely low. C1 NATL HEMOPHILIA FDN,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FRICKE, W (reprint author), NIAID,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES FOOD & DRUG ADM,HFB-440,8800 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU PHS HHS [223-89-1005] NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 BP 707 EP 709 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32893032095.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JV169 UT WOS:A1992JV16900004 PM 1412676 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP LEE, L READ, S FARZEDEGAN, H NELSON, K PETERSEN, L AF BUSCH, MP LEE, L READ, S FARZEDEGAN, H NELSON, K PETERSEN, L TI SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV PCR POSITIVE PRESEROCONVERSION SPECIMENS - NARROWING THE SEROCONVERSION WINDOW SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEML BLOOD CTRS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,TORONTO M5G 1X8,ONTARIO,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW378 UT WOS:A1992JW37800172 ER PT J AU FUKUDA, K DOLL, LS SLADE, BA MONTGOMERY, AM JONES, MM MURRAY, DA KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, R AF FUKUDA, K DOLL, LS SLADE, BA MONTGOMERY, AM JONES, MM MURRAY, DA KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, R TI RESPONSES OF BLOOD-DONORS TO NOTIFICATION AND COUNSELING FOR HTLV INFECTION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N NEW JERSEY BLOOD CTR,PARAMUS,NJ. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER RED CROSS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW378 UT WOS:A1992JW37800123 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, S KAPLAN, J CALABRO, M BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, R THOMSON, R HOLLINGSWORTH, C AF KLEINMAN, S KAPLAN, J CALABRO, M BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, R THOMSON, R HOLLINGSWORTH, C TI EVALUATION OF A RGP21E SPIKED WESTERN-BLOT FOR CONFIRMATION OF HTLV-I/II INFECTION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SRA TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD. WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. BLOOD INST,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW378 UT WOS:A1992JW37800220 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR SATTEN, G DODD, R AF PETERSEN, LR SATTEN, G DODD, R TI TIME PERIOD FROM INFECTIOUSNESS AS BLOOD-DONOR TO DEVELOPMENT OF DETECTABLE ANTIBODY AND THE RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION FROM TRANSFUSION OF SCREENED BLOOD SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER NATL RED CROSS,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW378 UT WOS:A1992JW37800171 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, BD FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ KAPLAN, JE HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CHAN, L HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF AF ROBERTS, BD FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ KAPLAN, JE HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CHAN, L HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF TI EVALUATION OF AN IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY FOR SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPHIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. DIAGNOST BIOTECHNOL,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JW378 UT WOS:A1992JW37800219 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM SORO, B COULIBALY, IM LUCAS, SB AF DECOCK, KM SORO, B COULIBALY, IM LUCAS, SB TI TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV-INFECTION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NON-HAITIAN PATIENTS; SYNDROME AIDS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BCG VACCINATION; ZAIRE; ASSOCIATION AB Objectives.-To review the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological characteristics and the public health implications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Data Sources.-Published medical literature (English and French) and proceedings of international and African conferences on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Study Selection.-Selection by the authors of articles most pertinent to HIV infection and tuberculosis in Africa and internationally. Data Extraction.-Direct reporting of quantitative data (eg, HIV seroprevalence levels) and of qualitative descriptions and conclusions from selected literature. Data Synthesis.-High rates (20% to 67%) of HIV infection in patients with tuberculosis have been reported from East, West, Central, and Southern Africa. An increase in tuberculosis cases has been reported at the same time as the emergence of AIDS in several countries. Autopsies in Abidjan, Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire), have shown tuberculosis as the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients dying of AIDS. Clinical differences in patients with tuberculosis who were HIV-positive and HIV-negative are reviewed, the most important being a greatly increased mortality rate in HIV-associated disease. Access to HIV testing is required for firm diagnosis, for clinical care and counseling, and for public health surveillance. Conclusions.-The epidemiology of tuberculosis has been profoundly influenced by the epidemic of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Greatly increased human and material resources are required for this neglected problem in international health. C1 INST NATL SANTE PUBL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DECOCK, KM (reprint author), PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 93 TC 340 Z9 342 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1587 DI 10.1001/jama.268.12.1581 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JN256 UT WOS:A1992JN25600030 PM 1518113 ER PT J AU RUNYAN, CW BANGDIWALA, SI LINZER, MA SACKS, JJ BUTTS, J AF RUNYAN, CW BANGDIWALA, SI LINZER, MA SACKS, JJ BUTTS, J TI RISK-FACTORS FOR FATAL RESIDENTIAL FIRES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Background. Residential fires are the most important cause of fire-related mortality in the United States. Previous research has concentrated on fatal fires in urban areas; considerably less is known about fatal fires in rural areas. Methods. We studied fatal and nonfatal residential fires in predominantly rural areas. Using a case-control design, we compared all 151 fatal fires (cases) in single-family dwellings in North Carolina during a 13-month period with a sample of nonfatal fires (controls). Case fires were identified through the medical-examiner system, and control fires that occurred within a few weeks of the case fires were chosen from the records of randomly selected fire departments statewide. For each fire, fire officials were interviewed about the dwelling, the fire, the people involved, and the fire-response system. Results. Although heating incidents were the leading cause of fires, fatal fires were more likely to have been caused by smoking (31 percent of fatal fires vs. 6 percent of nonfatal fires). Mobile homes posed a higher risk of death if a fire occurred (odds ratio, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.6), as did the absence of a smoke detector (odds ratio, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 5.6). Smoke detectors were more protective against death in fires involving young children and when no one present was impaired by alcohol or drugs or had a physical or mental disability. The presence of an alcohol-impaired person was the strongest independent risk factor for death in the case of a fire (odds ratio, 7.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.4 to 12.7). Conclusions. Residential fires are most likely to be caused by heating equipment or smoking materials. The risk of death is greatest in fires in mobile homes, in those involving alcohol-impaired persons, and in those in houses without smoke detectors. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. N CAROLINA OFF CHIEF MED EXAMINER,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP RUNYAN, CW (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,INJURY PREVENT RES CTR,CB 7400 ROSENAU HALL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR402444] NR 15 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 16 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 17 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 12 BP 859 EP 863 DI 10.1056/NEJM199209173271207 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JN120 UT WOS:A1992JN12000007 PM 1508246 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI PARTICIPATION IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL-EDUCATION AND SELECTED DIETARY PATTERNS AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 597-607, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. SCH BOARD DADE CTY,DADE CITY,FL. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. JERSEY CITY BOARD EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTRI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 11 BP 1392 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM849 UT WOS:A1992JM84900007 ER PT J AU SPOLARICH, AW ANDRULIS, DP WESLOWSKI, VB AF SPOLARICH, AW ANDRULIS, DP WESLOWSKI, VB TI AVAILABILITY OF FLOW CYTOMETRIC IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF LYMPHOCYTES TO HOSPITAL PATIENTS - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 608-612, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SPOLARICH, AW (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH & HOSP INST,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 11 BP 1395 EP 1396 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM849 UT WOS:A1992JM84900008 ER PT J AU LANSER, S MOTTICE, S NEWCOMBGAYMAN, P NICHOLS, CR AF LANSER, S MOTTICE, S NEWCOMBGAYMAN, P NICHOLS, CR TI LIZARD-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS - UTAH (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 610-611, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP LANSER, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 11 BP 1396 EP 1396 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM849 UT WOS:A1992JM84900009 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, DP AF FRANCIS, DP TI TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR THE CDC AND THE NATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTION RP FRANCIS, DP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,REG AIDS DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1001/jama.268.11.1444 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM849 UT WOS:A1992JM84900028 PM 1324996 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA SCAGGS, M WROTEN, JE AF DESENCLOS, JCA SCAGGS, M WROTEN, JE TI CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTHERS OF LIVE INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS IN FLORIDA, 1987-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRENATAL CARE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYPHILIS, CONGENITAL ID PROSTITUTION; EPIDEMIC AB The incidence of congenital syphilis in Florida increased sixfold from 1985 through 1989, and more than 80% of the cases occurred in metropolitan areas of southern Florida. To characterize the population of pregnant women in Florida at high risk of delivering an infant with congenital syphilis, the authors conducted a case-control study using birth certificates. Birth certificates were obtained for 256 of the 344 live infants reported as having congenital syphilis from 1987 through 1989 (74%); the 246 of these infants born in hospitals were matched for hospital and week of birth with an equal number of controls. In conditional multiple logistic regression, the following maternal characteristics were independent risk factors for congenital syphilis: young age, black race, single marital status, absence of a father's name on the birth certificate, previous pregnancy, substance abuse, and lack of prenatal care. Although the national origin of the mother was not a significant risk factor, the infants of black mothers born in the United States were at greater risk than the infants of black mothers born outside the United States. Mothers who had less-than-or-equal-to 3 prenatal visits had an increased risk of delivering an infant with congenital syphilis as compared with mothers who had >3 visits. This study suggests that targeted outreach efforts are necessary to control congenital syphilis and provides guidance for public health intervention activities. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 6 BP 657 EP 661 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY025 UT WOS:A1992JY02500004 PM 1442732 ER PT J AU PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J SERDULA, MK KLEINMAN, JC BYERS, T AF PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J SERDULA, MK KLEINMAN, JC BYERS, T TI WEIGHT-LOSS AND MORTALITY IN A NATIONAL COHORT OF ADULTS, 1971-1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BODY MASS INDEX; MORTALITY; OBESITY; WEIGHT LOSS ID BODY-WEIGHT; CORONARY-DISEASE; HEALTH; MEN; FRAMINGHAM; OBESITY; POPULATION; VARIABILITY; LONGEVITY; WOMEN AB Although obesity is a risk factor for mortality, evidence that weight loss improves survival is limited. The relation between self-reported previous maximum weight, weight loss, and subsequent mortalitY was examined in 2,140 men and 2,550 women aged 45-74 years who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-1975) and survived the next 5 years. Vital status was determined through 1987. Among men and women whose maximum body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) was between 26 and 29, risk of death increased with increasing weight loss, after adjustment for age, race, smoking, parity, preexisting illnesses, and maximum body mass index. Subjects who lost 15% or more of their maximum weight had over twice the mortality risk of those who lost less than 5%. At maximum body mass indices of 29 or higher, mortality risk increased with the amount of weight lost in women, but weight loss of 5% to <15% appeared to lessen mortality risk in men. Generalization from these results is limited by the older age range of the sample and the inability to adequately distinguish voluntary from involuntary weight loss in this study. However, these findings suggest that prevention of severe overweight may be more generally effective than weight loss in reducing obesity-related mortality in the US population. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP PAMUK, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 6 BP 686 EP 697 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY025 UT WOS:A1992JY02500007 PM 1442735 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA BRANN, EA AF BOYLE, CA BRANN, EA TI PROXY RESPONDENTS AND THE VALIDITY OF OCCUPATIONAL AND OTHER EXPOSURE DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; INTERVIEWS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ID NEXT-OF-KIN; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; SPOUSE; COMPARABILITY; INFORMATION; BIAS AB As part of a multicenter cancer case-control study conducted in 1984-1988, a proxy interview was attempted for all cases who were initially interviewed for the study but who died during the 4-year data collection period. To assess the validity of using wives, other relatives, or other informants to obtain information about a subject, the authors compared occupational and other exposure data obtained from 270 male cancer Gases and their proxy respondents. The primary focus of the case-control study was on Vietnam military service and exposure to phenoxy herbicides, but cases and their proxy respondents were also asked about occupational and other exposures relevant to the cancers. The accuracy of reporting for specific occupational exposures (e.g., asbestos and formaldehyde) and specific occupations (e.g., dry cleaning and meat packing or processing) was poor, although the latter improved somewhat when only case-spouse pairs were examined. Similarly, there was poor sensitivity in the reporting of herbicide exposure information in farming and other related occupations. In contrast, the reporting of certain demographic characteristics, childhood history characteristics, and use of alcohol and cigarettes was relatively good, and was even better when only case-spouse pairs were examined. The poor quality of proxy information for detailed exposure information suggests the need for careful use and interpretation of proxy information in epidemiologic studies. RP BOYLE, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F-15,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 6 BP 712 EP 721 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JY025 UT WOS:A1992JY02500009 PM 1442737 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR STCLAIR, MH PITHA, PM WHALING, SM KING, DM BITRAN, JD WEINSTEIN, RA AF EDLIN, BR STCLAIR, MH PITHA, PM WHALING, SM KING, DM BITRAN, JD WEINSTEIN, RA TI INVITRO RESISTANCE TO ZIDOVUDINE AND ALPHA-INTERFERON IN HIV-1 ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS - CORRELATIONS WITH TREATMENT DURATION AND RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE INTERFERON-ALPHA; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ZIDOVUDINE; DRUG RESISTANCE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; AIDS; SENSITIVITY; INFECTION; TYPE-1; THERAPY AB Objective: To measure in-vitro antiviral drug susceptibilities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates recovered from patients treated with alpha-interferon or zidovudine and patients not treated with these drugs and to examine the relation of these susceptibility measurements to duration of therapy, disease stage, and response to alpha-interferon therapy. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient HIV clinic. Patients: Twenty-six ambulatory HIV-1-infected patients: Fifteen of these patients were receiving alpha-interferon therapy, and 11 had never received such therapy. Nine patients were participating in a clinical trial of combination therapy with zidovudine and alpha-interferon. Measurements: The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of zidovudine and alpha-interferon was determined for HIV-1 isolates recovered from each patient. Plasma concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the nine patients in the clinical trial were measured monthly after alpha-interferon was added to zidovudine monotherapy. Results: Zidovudine IC50 (range, 0.01 to 4.87-mu-M) increased steadily with duration of zidovudine therapy (r = 0.57, P = 0.003). In contrast, alpha-interferon IC50 (range, 0.8 to 415 units/mL) was not related to duration of alpha-interferon treatment; in fact, high IC50s were found in isolates from patients who had never received exogenous alpha-interferon therapy. Resistance to alpha-interferon was greater in isolates from the 15 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (median, 104 units/mL) than in those from the 10 patients without AIDS (median, 50 units/mL). Interferon activity was detected in plasma samples from 23 of 24 patients and was also at higher levels in patients with AIDS than in HIV-infected patients without AIDS. Reductions in plasma concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen in nine patients after beginning alpha-interferon therapy were greater in those with more susceptible isolates (r = -0.72, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Interferon resistance, possibly due to endogenous interferon, is not related to duration of interferon therapy but may limit the effectiveness of interferon therapy. Determinations of interferon susceptibility may identify patients most likely to benefit from this agent. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 6 BP 457 EP 460 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JN257 UT WOS:A1992JN25700002 PM 1503348 ER PT J AU ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D HOOPER, WC EVATT, BL AF ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D HOOPER, WC EVATT, BL TI HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH MYCOSIS-FUNGOIDES - EVIDENCE THAT HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II) AS WELL AS HTLV-I MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE DISEASE SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SEZARY-SYNDROME; CULTURED LYMPHOCYTES; DRUG-ABUSERS; INFECTION; PARTICLES; LYMPHOMA; PREVALENCE C1 NYU MED CTR,KAPLAN CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42103]; NIADDK NIH HHS [AM-12274] NR 41 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1537 EP 1545 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JN507 UT WOS:A1992JN50700022 PM 1520878 ER PT J AU KAFADAR, K STROUP, DF AF KAFADAR, K STROUP, DF TI ANALYSIS OF ABERRATIONS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE DATA - ESTIMATING VARIANCES ON CORRELATED SAMPLES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BOOTSTRAP AB The detection of unusual patterns in health data presents an important challenge to health workers interested in early identification of epidemics or important risk factors. A useful procedure for detection of aberrations is the ratio of a current report to some historic baseline. This work addresses the problem of finding the variance of such a ratio when the surveillance reports are correlated. Results show that, when estimating this variance or the variance of the sample mean from a series of observations with an estimated correlation structure, bootstrap and jackknife estimates may be overly optimistic. The delta method or a classical method may be more useful when such model dependence is inappropriate. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAFADAR, K (reprint author), NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1551 EP 1568 DI 10.1002/sim.4780111203 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA JX708 UT WOS:A1992JX70800002 PM 1332172 ER PT J AU SMITH, PJ AF SMITH, PJ TI BAYESIAN METHODS FOR PREVALENCE ESTIMATES FROM INCOMPLETE ADMINISTRATIVE LISTS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; CLOSED POPULATION; SIZE RP SMITH, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1621 EP 1622 DI 10.1002/sim.4780111211 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA JX708 UT WOS:A1992JX70800011 PM 1439366 ER PT J AU LAIRMORE, MD RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, BD DEZZUTTI, CS LAL, RB AF LAIRMORE, MD RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, BD DEZZUTTI, CS LAL, RB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A B-CELL IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE OF HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC-T VIRUS TYPE-1 (HTLV-I) ENVELOPE GP46 SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC-T VIRUS TYPE-1; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; ANIMAL MODEL; VACCINE; HUMAN ID SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY; PROTECTION; GENE; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; INDUCTION AB The immune response elicited by a synthetic peptide derived from an immunodominant external envelope region (Env-5, amino acids 242-257) of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) was tested in a rabbit model of HTLV-I infection. The synthetic peptide elicited a strong antibody response to the HTLV-I envelope protein gp46; however, these antibodies failed to inhibit HTLV-I-mediated cell fusion. Immunized rabbits were not protected from HTLV-I infection as determined by seroconversion to viral core proteins by immunoblot, HTLV-I p24 antigen detection in lymphocyte cultures and polymerase chain reaction for the HTLV-I provirus in lymphocyte DNA. Env-5 peptide immunization failed to induce T-cell lymphocyte proliferative responses in rabbits, but induced antibody responses in T-cell deficient Balb c nu/nu mice suggesting that the antigenic determinant represented by the Env-5 peptide is primarily a B-cell epitope. These results further define an immunodominant epitope of the HTLV-I envelope protein and suggest that potential synthetic peptide vaccines against HTLV-I infection must contain multiple antigens that induce both humoral and cellular immune reactivity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAIRMORE, MD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,1925 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-40714] NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1992 VL 66 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(92)90274-Y PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JR212 UT WOS:A1992JR21200002 PM 1360328 ER PT J AU HULL, RD MALICK, RE DORSEY, JG AF HULL, RD MALICK, RE DORSEY, JG TI DISPERSION PHENOMENA IN FLOW-INJECTION SYSTEMS SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE FLOW INJECTION; DISPERSION; REVIEW ID COILED TUBULAR REACTORS; BEAD-STRING REACTOR; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEMS; RANDOM-WALK SIMULATION; OPEN TUBES; KINETIC TREATMENT; GRADIENT CHAMBER; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-REACTION AB Reproducible dispersion is the basis for analysis by flow-injection (FI) methods and is also utilized in several other sample handling and analysis systems (e.g., liquid chromatographic connecting tubing, injectors, detectors and post-column reactors). However, a uniformly acceptable understanding or description of dispersion is currently not available. Theoretical treatments (mathematical models) of dispersion have been developed for both non-reactive (sample does not react with carrier) and kinetic (sample and carrier react) systems. Historically, chemical engineering hydraulic models were used as predictive estimators for FI response curves. These predictive models typically describe only the dispersion in the FI manifold and do not incorporate the influence of the injection, detection or connecting components of the system. Recently, descriptive models which utilize deconvolution of the response curve to describe the dispersion produced by the analysis system have been reported. This review details the various approaches that have been utilized to describe dispersion in FI systems and includes both predictive and descriptive models. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 111 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JM652 UT WOS:A1992JM65200001 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, K KLOCKNER, R FLEMING, D AF HEDBERG, K KLOCKNER, R FLEMING, D TI TESTING FOR HIV IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS - OREGON, 1988-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 581-584, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HEDBERG, K (reprint author), OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 10 BP 1251 EP 1252 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL608 UT WOS:A1992JL60800008 ER PT J AU KESSLER, H DUNCAN, R BLOK, T VONREYN, C FARTHING, C JONES, B AF KESSLER, H DUNCAN, R BLOK, T VONREYN, C FARTHING, C JONES, B TI UPDATE - CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA IN PERSONS WITHOUT EVIDENT HIV-INFECTION - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 578-579, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BOSTON CITY HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02118. PARKSIDE INTERNAL MED,KALAMAZOO,MI. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SECT,LEBANON,NH. NYU MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN DEPT HLTH,BUR HIV AIDS,DIV EPIDEMIOL,HARRISBURG,PA. RP KESSLER, H (reprint author), RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1252 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL608 UT WOS:A1992JL60800009 ER PT J AU GINSBERG, M ROBERTO, R TRUJILLO, E BRAY, E BAILEY, E EDGERTON, P RUTHERFORD, GW SEWELL, CM PALMER, D WHEELER, S AF GINSBERG, M ROBERTO, R TRUJILLO, E BRAY, E BAILEY, E EDGERTON, P RUTHERFORD, GW SEWELL, CM PALMER, D WHEELER, S TI HIV EXPOSURE DURING NUCLEAR-MEDICINE PROCEDURES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 575-578, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NEW MEXICO HLTH DEPT,SANTA FE,NM. VET ADM MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87108. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NUCL REGULATORY COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC 20555. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GINSBERG, M (reprint author), SAN DIEGO DEPT HLTH,SAN DIEGO,CA, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 10 BP 1253 EP 1254 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL608 UT WOS:A1992JL60800010 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, C DOOLEY, SW HUTTON, MD OTTEN, J BREEDEN, A CRAWFORD, JT PITCHENIK, AE WOODLEY, C CAUTHEN, G JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, C DOOLEY, SW HUTTON, MD OTTEN, J BREEDEN, A CRAWFORD, JT PITCHENIK, AE WOODLEY, C CAUTHEN, G JARVIS, WR TI HOSPITAL OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS - FACTORS IN TRANSMISSION TO STAFF AND HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To describe transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among patients and health care workers (HCWs) in a ward and clinic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in a hospital, four studies were conducted. Methods.-Case patients and control patients were persons who had been treated in the HIV ward or clinic, whose clinical course was consistent with tuberculosis and who had at least one positive culture for M tuberculosis between January 1, 1988, and January 31, 1990, resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin (case patients), or whose isolates were susceptible to all drugs tested (control patients). In the first study, case patients and control patients were compared to identify risk factors for MDR tuberculosis. In the second study, inpatient and outpatient days of MDR tuberculosis case patients were compared to determine whether acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear-positivity or aerosolized pentamidine use was associated with higher numbers of subsequent MDR tuberculosis cases among exposed patients. In the third study, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed on available MDR and sensitive M tuberculosis isolates. In the fourth study, skin test conversion rates among HCWs in the HIV ward and clinic were compared with those of HCWs in another ward, and the strength of the associations between skin test conversions among HCWs on the HIV ward and the number of person-days that AFB smear-positive case patients and control patients were on this ward was estimated. Results.-Case patients were more likely than control patients to have been exposed on the HIV ward or clinic to an AFB smear-positive case patient (P<.001). Inpatient and outpatient days of MDR tuberculosis case patients were associated with more subsequent cases of MDR tuberculosis if exposing case patients were smear-positive or if they received aerosolized pentamidine (P less-than-or-equal-to .01). Of 13 MDR isolates, all had one of two restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns; 10 sensitive isolates had restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns that were different from each other. The HCW skin test conversion rate was higher on the HIV ward and clinic than on the comparison ward (P<.01). The risk of occupational acquisition of infection increased in direct proportion to the number of person-days that AFB smear-positive case patients were on the HIV ward (r=.75; P=.005), but did not increase in proportion to the number of person-days that AFB smear-positive control patients were there (r=-.36; P=NS). After isolation measures for AFB smear-positive tuberculosis patients were improved, MDR tuberculosis cases decreased to seven of 214 tuberculosis patients. Conclusions.-Nosocomial transmission of MDR M tuberculosis infection to patients and HCWs occurred on the HIV ward and clinic. Infectiousness of MDR tuberculosis case patients was associated with AFB sputum-smear positivity. Case patients with MDR tuberculosis created a greater risk of skin test conversion for HCWs on the HIV ward than drug-susceptible control patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33152. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MIAMI,FL. JACKSON MEM HOSP,MIAMI,FL 33136. RP BECKSAGUE, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 378 Z9 382 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 10 BP 1280 EP 1286 DI 10.1001/jama.268.10.1280 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL608 UT WOS:A1992JL60800028 PM 1507374 ER PT J AU FERRIS, FL KASSOFF, A BUZNEY, SM MCMEEL, JW WEITER, JJ DOYLE, GJ IMMERMAN, RL FRIEDMAN, GR KLEIN, ML DREYER, R CHENOWETH, R HANDELMAN, I HOHL, R BIESBROECK, R SIPPERLEY, J GARCIA, CA BLOOME, MA RUIZ, RS RIEKHOF, FT BOHART, WA GOODART, RA CLARKE, DH ORTH, DH FLOOD, TP PACKO, KH MALHOTRA, J RAHMANI, A WINTER, EJ BHATIA, H MURPHY, RP FINE, SL ELMAN, MJ PROUT, TE PATZ, A RICE, TA NEWSOME, D AIELLO, LM RAND, LI SHAH, ST COOPPAN, R CAVALLERANO, J POOLE, R SILVER, P BRIONES, J WAFAI, MZ ASMAL, AC FRANKLIN, RM AREND, L BERGSMA, D TURKISH, L BEER, P CARROLL, D THOMAS, E BURTON, TC ABRAMS, GW KIM, HJ WILLIAMS, GA TOPPING, TM REESER, FH AABERG, TM BRINTON, GS KINGHAM, JK MEREDITH, TA MARGHERIO, RR MURPHY, PL COX, MS TRESE, M WINOKUR, S AI, E SORENSON, R ARSHAM, G CAVENDER, J KOPELOW, SM SHABO, AL BRIONES, JC HORNICHTER, RD BLAIR, NP GOLDBERG, MF LINDBERG, CR ROSS, NL HAUSER, LE CUNHAVAZ, J ERNEST, JT LIANG, JC COHEN, SB VYGANTAS, C WILLIAMS, G FLYNN, HW BLANKENSHIP, GW KNOBLOCH, WH RAMSAY, RC CANTRILL, HL GOETZ, FC HOOGWERF, B BERROCAL, J PEREZ, R UMPIERRE, AR KINYOUN, JL KALINA, RE WELLS, CG GUZAK, SV PALMER, J MYERS, FL BRESNICK, GH CHANDRA, SR DAVIS, MD KLEIN, R STEVENS, TS WALLOW, IH DIXON, R EHRLICH, E EWART, R FRANK, RN LUCAS, S WHITEHOUSE, F WEISS, H BALLEN, AE TESKE, M WARTH, M BENSON, WE TASMAN, WS BROWN, GC MCNAMARA, JA LITTLE, HL JACK, RL BASSO, L MILLER, DT GUNTER, E BAYSE, DD HANNON, WH MYRICK, JE KNATTERUD, GL FISHER, MR PRIOR, MJ BARTON, F KUFERA, J MILLER, TW HOOPER, JK CROW, RS BAKER, RR PRINEAS, R DAVIS, MD HUBBARD, LD MAGLI, YL SEGAL, P MOWERY, RL CHEW, EY SEIGEL, DG CASSEL, G AF FERRIS, FL KASSOFF, A BUZNEY, SM MCMEEL, JW WEITER, JJ DOYLE, GJ IMMERMAN, RL FRIEDMAN, GR KLEIN, ML DREYER, R CHENOWETH, R HANDELMAN, I HOHL, R BIESBROECK, R SIPPERLEY, J GARCIA, CA BLOOME, MA RUIZ, RS RIEKHOF, FT BOHART, WA GOODART, RA CLARKE, DH ORTH, DH FLOOD, TP PACKO, KH MALHOTRA, J RAHMANI, A WINTER, EJ BHATIA, H MURPHY, RP FINE, SL ELMAN, MJ PROUT, TE PATZ, A RICE, TA NEWSOME, D AIELLO, LM RAND, LI SHAH, ST COOPPAN, R CAVALLERANO, J POOLE, R SILVER, P BRIONES, J WAFAI, MZ ASMAL, AC FRANKLIN, RM AREND, L BERGSMA, D TURKISH, L BEER, P CARROLL, D THOMAS, E BURTON, TC ABRAMS, GW KIM, HJ WILLIAMS, GA TOPPING, TM REESER, FH AABERG, TM BRINTON, GS KINGHAM, JK MEREDITH, TA MARGHERIO, RR MURPHY, PL COX, MS TRESE, M WINOKUR, S AI, E SORENSON, R ARSHAM, G CAVENDER, J KOPELOW, SM SHABO, AL BRIONES, JC HORNICHTER, RD BLAIR, NP GOLDBERG, MF LINDBERG, CR ROSS, NL HAUSER, LE CUNHAVAZ, J ERNEST, JT LIANG, JC COHEN, SB VYGANTAS, C WILLIAMS, G FLYNN, HW BLANKENSHIP, GW KNOBLOCH, WH RAMSAY, RC CANTRILL, HL GOETZ, FC HOOGWERF, B BERROCAL, J PEREZ, R UMPIERRE, AR KINYOUN, JL KALINA, RE WELLS, CG GUZAK, SV PALMER, J MYERS, FL BRESNICK, GH CHANDRA, SR DAVIS, MD KLEIN, R STEVENS, TS WALLOW, IH DIXON, R EHRLICH, E EWART, R FRANK, RN LUCAS, S WHITEHOUSE, F WEISS, H BALLEN, AE TESKE, M WARTH, M BENSON, WE TASMAN, WS BROWN, GC MCNAMARA, JA LITTLE, HL JACK, RL BASSO, L MILLER, DT GUNTER, E BAYSE, DD HANNON, WH MYRICK, JE KNATTERUD, GL FISHER, MR PRIOR, MJ BARTON, F KUFERA, J MILLER, TW HOOPER, JK CROW, RS BAKER, RR PRINEAS, R DAVIS, MD HUBBARD, LD MAGLI, YL SEGAL, P MOWERY, RL CHEW, EY SEIGEL, DG CASSEL, G TI ASPIRIN EFFECTS ON MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES-MELLITUS - EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY STUDY REPORT-14 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; PLATELETS; AGGREGATION AB Objectives.-This report presents information on the effects of aspirin on mortality, the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and the incidence of kidney disease in the patients enrolled in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Study Design.-This multicenter, randomized clinical trial of aspirin vs placebo was sponsored by the National Eye Institute. Patients.-Patients (N=3711) were enrolled in 22 clinical centers between April 1980 and July 1985. Men and women between the ages of 18 and 70 years with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were eligible. Approximately 30% of all patients were considered to have type I diabetes mellitus, 31 % type II, and in 39% type I or II could not be determined definitely. Intervention.-Patients were randomly assigned to aspirin or placebo (two 325-mg tablets once per day). Main Outcome Measures.-Mortality from all causes was specified as the primary outcome measure for assessing the systemic effects of aspirin. Other outcome variables included cause-specific mortality and cardiovascular events. Results.-The estimate of relative risk for total mortality for aspirin-treated patients compared with placebo-treated patients for the entire study period was 0.91 (99% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.11). Larger differences were noted for the occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction; the estimate of relative risk was 0.83 for the entire follow-up period (99% confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.04). Conclusions.-The effects of aspirin on any of the cardiovascular events considered in the ETDRS were not substantially different from the effects observed in other studies that included mainly nondiabetic persons. Furthermore, there was no evidence of harmful effects of aspirin. Aspirin has been recommended previously for persons at risk for cardiovascular disease. The ETDRS results support application of this recommendation to those persons with diabetes at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. C1 UNION UNIV, ALBANY, NY 12208 USA. RETINA FDN RETINA ASSOCIATES, EYE RES INST, BOSTON, MA USA. GOOD SAMARITAN HOSP, PORTLAND, OR 97210 USA. UNIV TEXAS, HERMANN EYE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77025 USA. HOLY CROSS HOSP, SALT LAKE CITY, UT USA. INGALLS MEM HOSP, HARVEY, IL USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP, WILMER INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOSLIN DIABET CTR, BEETHAM EYE INST, BOSTON, MA USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR EYE, NEW ORLEANS, LA USA. MED COLL WISCONSIN, MILWAUKEE, WI 53226 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, ASSOCIATED RETINA CONSULTANTS, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. PACIFIC PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, CTR HLTH SCI, JULES STEIN EYE INST, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, CHICAGO, IL 60680 USA. UNIV MIAMI, SCH MED, BASCOM PALMER EYE INST, MIAMI, FL 33152 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, CTR ECG CODING, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV PUERTO RICO, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00931 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, CTR FUNDUS PHOTOG READING, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, KRESGE EYE INST, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. WILLS EYE HOSP & RES INST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA. ZWENG MEM RETINAL RES FDN, MENLO PK, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, CENT LAB, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MARYLAND MED RES INST, COORDINATING CTR, BALTIMORE, MD USA. US PHS, CTR DRUG DISTRIBUT, PERRY POINT, MD USA. RP FERRIS, FL (reprint author), NEI, BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM, ROOM 6A-24, 9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 35 TC 267 Z9 275 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 10 BP 1292 EP 1300 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL608 UT WOS:A1992JL60800030 ER PT J AU DANKOVIC, DA STAYNER, LT SMITH, RJ BAILER, AJ AF DANKOVIC, DA STAYNER, LT SMITH, RJ BAILER, AJ TI CARCINOGENICITY OF BUTADIENE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID 1,3-BUTADIENE; MORTALITY RP DANKOVIC, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5075 BP 1330 EP 1330 DI 10.1126/science.1529327 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL612 UT WOS:A1992JL61200006 PM 1529327 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, PM MOORE, AC MUNOZ, JL HARTMAN, BJ SCHAEFER, JA ARON, AM PERSAUD, D SARTI, E WILSON, M FLISSER, A AF SCHANTZ, PM MOORE, AC MUNOZ, JL HARTMAN, BJ SCHAEFER, JA ARON, AM PERSAUD, D SARTI, E WILSON, M FLISSER, A TI NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS IN AN ORTHODOX JEWISH-COMMUNITY IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS AB Background and Methods. From June 1990 through July 1991, intracerebral infection with the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium was diagnosed in four unrelated persons in an Orthodox Jewish community in New York City. None of the patients had eaten pork, and only one had traveled to a country in which T solium infection was endemic. We investigated this outbreak, screened serum samples from family members and household contacts for antibodies to cysticercosis, and examined stool specimens from household employees for eggs of taenia species. Results. The four patients had recurrent seizures and brain lesions that were radiologically consistent with the presence of cysticerci. The diagnosis was confirmed in two patients by a brain biopsy, and in two by immunoblot assays for cysticercus antibodies. Of 17 immediate family members screened serologically, 7 from two families had cysticercus antibodies. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cystic lesions in two of the seropositive family members, one of whom had had a seizure. Examinations of six domestic employees from all four households revealed an active infection with taenia species in one and a positive serologic test in another. Since these women had recently emigrated from Latin American countries where T. solium infection is endemic, they were the most likely sources of infection in the members of these households. Conclusions. A diagnosis of neurocysticercosis should be considered in patients with seizures and radiologic evidence of cystic brain lesions, even in those who do not eat pork and who have not traveled to a country in which T. solium infection is endemic. Recent emigrants from countries in which T. solium infection is endemic should be screened for tapeworm infection in their stools before they are employed as housekeepers or food handlers. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CORNELL UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ITHACA,NY 14853. MT SINAI MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. SECRETARIAT HLTH,GEN DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. BIOMED RES INST,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RP SCHANTZ, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 274 Z9 283 U1 0 U2 9 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 3 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 10 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1056/NEJM199209033271004 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL235 UT WOS:A1992JL23500004 PM 1495521 ER PT J AU TURNER, SH CHERNIAK, R REISS, E KWONCHUNG, KJ AF TURNER, SH CHERNIAK, R REISS, E KWONCHUNG, KJ TI STRUCTURAL VARIABILITY IN THE GLUCURONOXYLOMANNAN OF CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS SEROTYPE-A ISOLATES DETERMINED BY C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AIDS; GALACTOXYLOMANNAN; MENINGITIS; VARIANT; GATTII AB Cryptococcus neoformans, the etiologic agent of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, produces glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) as the major capsule component. Purified GXMs obtained from eight serotype A isolates of C. neoformans were treated by ultrasonic irradiation and then 0-deacetylated prior to their comprehensive chemical analysis by GLC, GLC-MS, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The average xylose:mannose:glucuronic acid molar ratio of the eight isolates is 1.96+/-0.25:3.00:0.58+/-0.10. Methylation analyses and C-13 NMR spectroscopy show a general structure for GXM that is comprised of a linear (1 --> 3)-alpha-D-mannopyranan substituted with beta-D-Glc pA and with beta-D-Xyl p at 0-2. Variable quantities of unsubstituted (1 --> 3)-alpha-D-Man p were observed between the eight isolates studied. In several isolates some of the (I --> 3)-alpha-D-Man p residues are disubstituted with beta-D-Glc pA at 0-2 and with beta-D-Xyl p at 0-4; this type of substitution was not previously thought to occur in serotype A isolates. Heterogeneity, between isolates, in the disposition of the substituents along the mannopyranan backbone was revealed by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The eight isolates, and three isolates previously studied, were each assigned to one of four distinct groups based on the C-13 NMR chemical shifts of the anomeric carbons. Six of the eleven isolates gave identical spectra (Group I). The six major anomeric resonances from Group I were assigned to specific glycosidic linkages present in GXM. The remaining five isolates gave more complex spectra that are indicative of additional linkages and comprise the remaining three groups. Three of these five isolates contain substantial amounts of linkages previously thought to be distinctive of serotypes B and C, i.e., Man p residues that are 4-O-glycosylated with beta-D-Xyl p. Methylation analyses only predicted an average repeating unit, whereas C-13 NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that GXM from each isolate may be categorized into four groups by the occurrence of distinct sequences of carbohydrate residues. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30303. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,BIOL & CHEM SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20205. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31769] NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 2 PY 1992 VL 233 BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90932-7 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JP243 UT WOS:A1992JP24300017 PM 1446309 ER PT J AU SERWADDA, D WAWER, MJ MUSGRAVE, SD SEWANKAMBO, NK KAPLAN, JE GRAY, RH AF SERWADDA, D WAWER, MJ MUSGRAVE, SD SEWANKAMBO, NK KAPLAN, JE GRAY, RH TI HIV RISK-FACTORS IN 3 GEOGRAPHIC STRATA OF RURAL RAKAI DISTRICT, UGANDA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV; RURAL AFRICA; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; INFECTION; UGANDA; PREVALENCE; LUSAKA; ZAMBIA; AFRICA AB Objectives: To examine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in three geographic strata (main road trading centers that service local and international traffic, small trading villages on secondary dirt roads that serve as foci for local communications, and agricultural villages off main and secondary roads) in Rakai District, Uganda. Design and methods: Serological, sociodemographic, knowledge/behaviors and health survey conducted in 21 randomly selected community clusters; complete data were collected for 1292 consenting adults. Results: Fifteen per cent of the men and 24% of the women were HIV-1-positive. On univariate analysis, several sociodemographic and behavioral factors were significantly associated with risk of HIV infection, including age, place of residence, travel, occupation, marital status, number of sex partners, sex for money or gifts, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), and history of injections. On multivariate analysis, age, residence and number of sex partners remained significantly associated with HIV infection in both sexes; a history of STD and not having been circumcised were significant in men. There was a significant interaction between place of residence and reported number of sex partners: for any given level of sexual activity, the risk of HIV infection was markedly increased if the background community prevalence was high. Conclusion: Sexual transmission appears to be the primary behavioral risk factor for infection, but the risks associated with this factor vary substantially between the three geographic strata. These data can be used to design targeted interventions. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR POPULAT & FAMILY HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10032. MULAGO HOSP,KAMPALA,UGANDA. MAKERERE UNIV,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. OI Sewankambo, Nelson/0000-0001-9362-053X FU PHS HHS [R01-A129314-01] NR 22 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 8 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 9 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1097/00002030-199209000-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JM475 UT WOS:A1992JM47500012 PM 1388911 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T BARBORIAK, JJ FLANDERS, WD DUNCAN, A YIP, R MEILAHN, EN AF FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T BARBORIAK, JJ FLANDERS, WD DUNCAN, A YIP, R MEILAHN, EN TI THE RELATION OF PROTHROMBIN TIMES TO CORONARY HEART-DISEASE RISK-FACTORS AMONG MEN AGED 31-45 YEARS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; BLOOD COAGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; LIPIDS; PROTHROMBIN TIME; SMOKING ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FACTOR-VII; ARTERY DISEASE; HEMOSTATIC VARIABLES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INDUSTRIAL-POPULATION; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; BASELINE DATA; COAGULATION; SMOKING AB Although levels of coagulation factor VII and fibrinogen are predictive of cardiovascular disease, relatively little data describe hemostatic characteristics in healthy populations. The cross-sectional associations between the prothrombin time, a measure of the activity of the extrinsic and common pathways of coagulation, and traits associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease were therefore examined among 3,604 white and 514 black, male, US Army veterans aged 31-45 years. The prothrombin time measurements, performed in 1985 and 1986, were precise, with an intraclass correlation of 0.98 (202 pairs). Overall, the mean prothrombin time was 12.4 seconds (standard deviation, 0.4 seconds), and 11 percent of the men had a value of less than 12 seconds. Many of the observed associations with the prothrombin time paralleled those that have been reported with clotting factor VII and fibrinogen. The mean prothrombin time was 0.15 seconds shorter among whites than among blacks and was 0.2 seconds shorter among current cigarette smokers than among men who had never smoked. Inverse associations were also seen with relative weight and with levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides (r = -0.09 to -0.16). All associations were statistically significant at the 0.01 level, and the examined characteristics could jointly account for about 12 percent of the variability in prothrombin times. Additional data on characteristics related to coagulation may help elucidate the natural history of cardiovascular disease and aid in the design of clinical trials. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,K-26,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 5 BP 513 EP 524 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KN667 UT WOS:A1992KN66700002 PM 1442715 ER PT J AU CLIFF, AD HAGGETT, P STROUP, DF AF CLIFF, AD HAGGETT, P STROUP, DF TI THE GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF MEASLES EPIDEMICS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; MEASLES; SPACE-TIME CLUSTERING ID SURVEILLANCE; DISEASES AB The incidence of disease across geographic space often produces distinctive regional patterns. In this paper, a modeling approach to the identification of the factors that shape the patterns is presented, and a procedure for fitting the model to observed data is given. The methodology is illustrated by an application to the geographic structure of measles epidemics among 22 states of the northeastern United States, New York City, and Washington, D. C., from 1962 to 1988. The patterns identified are interpreted in terms of the spatial behavior of measles epidemics in the region, and the implications of the methodology for surveillance and control are considered. z C1 UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOG,BRISTOL BS8 1TH,AVON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CLIFF, AD (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT GEOG,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EN,ENGLAND. FU Wellcome Trust NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 5 BP 592 EP 602 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KN667 UT WOS:A1992KN66700010 PM 1442722 ER PT J AU MEEHAN, PJ ATKESON, T KEPNER, DE MELTON, M AF MEEHAN, PJ ATKESON, T KEPNER, DE MELTON, M TI A FOODBORNE OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS INVOLVING 2 DIFFERENT PATHOGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD POISONING; GASTROENTERITIS; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING; STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING ID FOOD AB On the evening of October 10, 1990, many of the 474 inmates of a state prison in Florida began to experience symptoms of gastroenteritis. An investigation included interviews with inmates, evaluation of the kitchen and food-handling practices, cultures of leftover food, stool cultures, and cultures from the nares and skin lesions of food handlers. Of the 331 inmates interviewed, 215 (65%) had diarrhea, vomiting, or both. The median incubation period was 5 hours (range, 1-41 hours). Cases with onset of illness 8 or more hours after the evening meal were more likely than those with earlier onset to have had only diarrhea without vomiting (p < 0.001). Eating turkey at the evening meal on October 1 0 was associated with risk of illness (relative risk = 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.7-13.7). Cases who became ill within 8 hours of the evening meal and those who became ill later were both more likely to have eaten turkey than those who did not become ill (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007, respectively). Salmonella infantis and enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus were both isolated from samples of leftover turkey, and S. infantis was isolated from 18 of 20 stool specimens. Cultures of the anterior nares and skin lesions of food handlers grew S. aureus, but phage typing failed to link these strains to the outbreak. Improper food-handling practices contributed to the development of this outbreak. This report highlights the importance of recognizing multiple-organism outbreaks, since the authors' recommendations for prevention of more cases depended upon knowing the risks associated with the distinct organisms and the possible sources of contamination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,OFF LAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 5 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KN667 UT WOS:A1992KN66700012 PM 1442724 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, RC CHORBA, TL CLARKE, MJ EVATT, BL AF HOLMAN, RC CHORBA, TL CLARKE, MJ EVATT, BL TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AIDS IN FEMALES WITH HEMOPHILIA AND OTHER CHRONIC BLEEDING DISORDERS IN THE UNITED-STATES - COMPARISONS WITH MALES WITH CHRONIC BLEEDING DISORDERS AND AIDS AND WITH NONHEMOPHILIAC FEMALE BLOOD-TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMOPHILIA; BLEEDING DISORDERS; AIDS; FEMALE; TRANSFUSION; VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; FACTOR-VIII; VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE; HTLV-III; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SURVIVAL; VIRUS AB From January 1, 1981 through June 30, 1990, 32 females with chronic bleeding disorders were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. Most (81.3%) were white and greater-than-or-equal-to 30 years of age, with a median age of 37.5 years. Eighteen (56.3%) had von Willebrand's disease. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported for 16 (50%). None had Kaposi sarcoma. The median survival time was 10.8 months, with a cumulative probability of survival at 1 year of 47.3% and at 2 years of 27.6%. We compared the demographic data and survival times of these females with those of males with a chronic bleeding disorder and AIDS, and with those of nonhemophilic females with AIDS whose exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was through receipt of blood transfusions, blood components, or tissue. The principal demographic difference was age distribution. The females with chronic bleeding disorders tended to be younger than the transfused, nonhemophilic females, but older than the males. The survival time from AIDS diagnosis to death for the females with chronic bleeding disorders did not differ statistically from that of the other two groups, although older nonhemophilic females whose exposure was transfusion may progress more rapidly to AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLMAN, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830410105 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JJ369 UT WOS:A1992JJ36900004 PM 1503095 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL WELCH, BA BELL, DM FOY, DR PARRISH, CM PERLINO, CA KLEIN, L AF PANLILIO, AL WELCH, BA BELL, DM FOY, DR PARRISH, CM PERLINO, CA KLEIN, L TI BLOOD AND AMNIOTIC-FLUID CONTACT SUSTAINED BY OBSTETRIC PERSONNEL DURING DELIVERIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OBSTETRIC BLOOD AMNIOTIC FLUID CONTACT; OCCUPATIONAL BLOOD AMNIOTIC FLUID CONTACT ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION; EXPOSURES; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; CARE; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize blood and amniotic fluid contact sustained by obstetric personnel during deliveries. STUDY DESIGN: Trained observers collected data on 1376 person procedures during 230 deliveries at Grady Memorial Hospital from May to October 1989. Rates of contact were compared by means of the chi-2 test. RESULTS: At least one blood or amniotic fluid contact occurred during 79 (39.1%) of 202 vaginal and 14 (50.0%) of 28 cesarean deliveries; a needle stick occurred in 4 (2.0%) of the vaginal deliveries. Obstetricians and midwives had the highest rates of blood and amniotic fluid contact (18.7% and 28.8% of person procedures, respectively). Half of the contacts sustained by midwives might have been prevented by the use of gowns. Most contacts sustained by obstetricians might have been prevented by face shields, impervious gowns, and impervious shoe covers. CONCLUSIONS: Obstetricians and midwives had substantial risk of blood and amniotic fluid contact during delivery; many of their contacts were potentially preventable. C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP PANLILIO, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 167 IS 3 BP 703 EP 708 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA JN790 UT WOS:A1992JN79000024 PM 1530027 ER PT J AU IYASU, S BECERRA, JE ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR AF IYASU, S BECERRA, JE ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR TI IMPACT OF VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT ON THE BLACK-WHITE INFANT-MORTALITY GAP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In recent years, the rate of decline for the black infant mortality risk (IMR) has been slower than that for whites. The resultant widening in the black-white infant mortality gap has been accompanied by an increased percentage of very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants (227 g-1,499 g) among black live births. Restricting our analysis to non-Hispanic black and white single live births, we used the 1983 national linked birth-death file to assess the relative contribution of VLBW infants to the black-white gap in IMR. VLBW occurred among 2.3% of all black live births and among 0.8% of all white live births. Deaths among VLBW infants accounted for 62.5% of the black-white gap in IMR. Although VLBW newborns represent a fraction of all live births in the United States, they account for almost two-thirds of the black-white gap in IMR. Since preterm delivery is associated with most VLBW infant deaths, our findings indicate the crucial need to identify strategies that reduce preterm births, among blacks in particular, to reduce significantly the infant mortality gap in the United States. RP IYASU, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Hogue, Carol/H-5442-2012; Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA JR581 UT WOS:A1992JR58100001 PM 1419125 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, MT SPEERS, M MALLIN, K WARNECKE, R AF MCKENNA, MT SPEERS, M MALLIN, K WARNECKE, R TI AGREEMENT BETWEEN PATIENT SELF-REPORTS AND MEDICAL RECORDS FOR PAP SMEAR HISTORIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB As part of a larger cervical cancer study, we tried to verify the Pap smear histories for 125 black women with cervical cancer. For 105 of the patients, we identified all possible providers for the five-year period before the calendar year of diagnosis. Agreement between the medical records and the patient reports was poor to fair (kappa = 0.34) for whether the patient had a Pap smear in the three-year period before diagnosis. Patients tended to report far more Pap smears than medical records confirmed. Important determinants of agreement were the number of Pap smears reported during the five-year period and the age of the patient. The older the patient and the more Pap smears reported, the larger the discrepancy between the medical record and her self-report. The medical records did not contain enough data for us to complete an investigation of the possible reasons for this disagreement. Our results suggest these implications: (1) clinicians should strongly consider performing Pap smears if they doubt a patient's screening history, and (2) Pap smear registries are required for reliable and efficient evaluations of cervical cancer control programs because neither the patient report nor medical records are adequate. RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE K52,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA JR581 UT WOS:A1992JR58100004 PM 1419128 ER PT J AU KING, GE DAVIS, RL BARON, RC HORAN, JM AF KING, GE DAVIS, RL BARON, RC HORAN, JM TI FEMALE EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN A WORKSITE MAMMOGRAPHY SCREENING-PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a survey of 1,184 women 35 years of age or older who were employees of a company in Los Angeles County, California, to determine why some women participated in a worksite mammography screening program whereas others did not. Of the 111 who accepted a mammogram, 90 responded to the survey; of the 1,073 who declined mammography, 620 responded. The women were predominantly white, were well educated, and had health insurance. Of the 111 women who received mammograms, one was diagnosed with carcinoma. Seventy-three percent of the respondents to the survey 40 years of age or older who declined mammograms had already fulfilled American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for mammography screening at the time of the program. Women who accepted a mammogram were more likely to have had at least one previous mammogram than were women who had not met ACS guidelines yet who declined screening. We conclude that many female employees who are white, are well educated, and have health insurance may not participate in a worksite mammography screening program because they have been screened elsewhere. Companies providing worksite mammography screening should target education to women who have not met ACS guidelines, especially those who have never had a mammogram. RP KING, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA JR581 UT WOS:A1992JR58100008 PM 1419132 ER PT J AU GIOVINO, GA ERIKSEN, MP MCKENNA, JW AF GIOVINO, GA ERIKSEN, MP MCKENNA, JW TI THE VITAL DIVERSITY OF TOBACCO CONTROL RESEARCH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; SMOKING RP GIOVINO, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,K-50,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1203 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK727 UT WOS:A1992JK72700001 PM 1503156 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF SERDULA, MK ANDA, RF LEVY, A BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF SERDULA, MK ANDA, RF LEVY, A BYERS, T TI WEIGHT-LOSS ATTEMPTS IN ADULTS - GOALS, DURATION, AND RATE OF WEIGHT-LOSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; BLACK-WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; OBESITY; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT; BEHAVIOR; EXPERIENCE; ATTITUDES AB Objectives. Although attempted weight loss is common, little is known about the goals and durations of weight loss attempts and the rates of achieved weight loss in the general population. Methods. Data were collected by telephone in 1989 from adults aged 18 years and older in 39 states and the District of Columbia. Analysis were carried out separately for the 6758 men and 14 915 women who reported currently trying to lose weight. Results. Approximately 25% of the men respondents and 40% of the women respondents reported that they were currently trying to lose weight. Among men, a higher percentage of Hispanics (31%) than of Whites (25%) or Blacks (23%) reported trying to lose weight. Among women, however, there were no ethnic differences in prevalence. The average man wanted to lose 30 pounds and to weigh 178 pounds; the average woman wanted to lose 31 pounds and to weigh 133 pounds. Black women wanted to lose an average of 8 pounds more than did White women, but Black women's goal weight was 10 pounds heavier. The average rate of achieved weight loss was 1.4 pounds per week for men and 1.1 pounds per week for women; these averages, however, may reflect only the experience of those most successful at losing weight. Conclusions. Attempted weight loss is a common behavior, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity, and weight loss goals are substantial; however, obesity remains a major public health problem in the United States. C1 US FDA,DIV CONSUMER STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 183 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1251 EP 1257 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1251 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK727 UT WOS:A1992JK72700011 PM 1503167 ER PT J AU BEAN, NH MARTIN, SM BRADFORD, H AF BEAN, NH MARTIN, SM BRADFORD, H TI PHLIS - AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR REPORTING PUBLIC-HEALTH DATA FROM REMOTE SITES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Disease surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in conjunction with state health departments provides databases of information to public health workers. These databases' utility is limited by the lag time from occurrence of disease events until records are available for analysis. We developed the Public Heath Laboratory Information System (PHLIS), a PC-based electronic, reporting system for entering, editing, and analyzing data locally and for transmitting data electronically to other state or federal offices. Advantages of PHLIS include reduction paper handling, decrease in lag time between disease incident and availability of information for analysis, ability to rapidly examine data for clusters of disease, downloadable summary tables, data editing at site of input, data analysis capability, increased interaction among participants, and current data for responses to inquiries. PHLIS is available without cost and is transportable to other agencies, states, or countries. C1 LOUISIANA PUBL HLTH LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP BEAN, NH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1273 EP 1276 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1273 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK727 UT WOS:A1992JK72700016 PM 1323935 ER PT J AU BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK AF BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK TI HEAD AND NECK INJURIES FROM 1990 ILLINOIS TORNADO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID RISK-FACTORS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1296 EP 1297 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1296-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK727 UT WOS:A1992JK72700028 PM 1503179 ER PT J AU SEIDMAN, SN ARAL, S AF SEIDMAN, SN ARAL, S TI SUBPOPULATION DIFFERENTIALS IN STD TRANSMISSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MS E-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1297 EP 1297 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1297 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK727 UT WOS:A1992JK72700029 PM 1503180 ER PT J AU FRONTINI, MG FISHBEIN, DB RAMOS, JG COLLINS, EF TORRES, JMB HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG BELOTTO, AJ DOBBINS, JG LINHART, SB BAER, GM AF FRONTINI, MG FISHBEIN, DB RAMOS, JG COLLINS, EF TORRES, JMB HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG BELOTTO, AJ DOBBINS, JG LINHART, SB BAER, GM TI A FIELD-EVALUATION IN MEXICO OF 4 BAITS FOR ORAL RABIES VACCINATION OF DOGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; RECOMBINANT VIRUS; FOXES; IMMUNIZATION; ACCEPTANCE; TRIAL AB We evaluated four baits for the delivery of oral rabies vaccines to dogs. In a controlled study in a town in rural Mexico, 177 randomly selected dogs were assigned to receive one of four experiential baits (two of which were developed by the Denver Wildlife Research Center [DWRC]): one of two cylindrical polyurethane sponges with a com meal coating (one fried in com oil [DWRC-com], the other in fish oil [DWRC-fish]), a fish-flavored polymer bait, or a wax bait. Each dog was also offered a commercial dog biscuit. We recorded whether or not the bait was completely consumed, and used the following measures to estimate the amount of oropharyngeal contact with each bait: total chewing time, presence of pieces of bait on the ground following administration, the total area of ground surrounding the location of ingestion that was covered with green dye contained in each bait, and condition of ampules that contained the dye. The dog biscuits were completely consumed significantly more often than the baits (155 of 176 [88%] for the biscuits versus 89 of 176 [50.5%] for the four baits; P < 10(-6)), but were chewed for a significantly shorter time than the baits (mean time 34 sec for the biscuit versus 60-82 sec for the four baits: P < 0.001). The ideal bait would probably combine the attractiveness of the commercial biscuit and the ability of the sponge baits to promote contact with the mucous membranes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROD NACL BIOL VET,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CTR SALUD,PUEBLA,MEXICO. SERV COORDINADOS SALUD PUBL PUEBLA,OFF CONTROL ZOONOSIS,PUEBLA,MEXICO. MINIST HLTH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,ZONE OFF,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 310 EP 316 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700008 PM 1524144 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB FRONTINI, MG DOBBINS, JG COLLINS, EF HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG WOOMING, B RAMOS, JG BELOTTO, AJ TORRES, JMB YENNE, KM LINHART, SB BAER, GM AF FISHBEIN, DB FRONTINI, MG DOBBINS, JG COLLINS, EF HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG WOOMING, B RAMOS, JG BELOTTO, AJ TORRES, JMB YENNE, KM LINHART, SB BAER, GM TI PREVENTION OF CANINE RABIES IN RURAL MEXICO - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF VACCINATION CAMPAIGNS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION AB We compared three vaccination strategies in three rural communities in Mexico to determine the factors associated with the success of vaccination programs in areas where canine rabies is poorly controlled. In town A, intensive publicity and community participation were used; owners were instructed to bring their dogs to temporary centralized clinics for vaccination. In town B, only brief precampaign publicity was used, followed by vaccination at a centralized site. Minimal publicity was also used in town C, but the vaccination campaign was conducted house to house. A total of 5,426 residents and 1,597 dogs were counted in the three towns (mean human:dog ratio 3.4: 1). In Town A, 70.1% (472 of 673) of the dogs were vaccinated; the campaign required 40 person-minutes per dog. Significantly greater proportions were vaccinated in town B (262 of 318 [82.4%]; P < 0.001) and town C (483 of 561 [86.1%]; P < 0.00001); each of these latter campaigns required 10 person-minutes per dog. The following factors were positively associated (by multivariate analyses) with vaccination of individual dogs: non-intensive publicity, house-to-house vaccination, dogs owned by a single member of the household, and dogs acquired > 15 days after birth. Intensive publicity did not increase the overall success of the vaccination program; the efficiency of centralized versus and house-to-house vaccination was comparable. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SERV COORDINADOS SALUD EDO,JURISDICC SANIT ATUXCO,PUEBLA,MEXICO. SERV COORDINATOS SALUD EDO,OFICINA CONTROL ZOONOSIS,PUEBLA,MEXICO. ORG PANAMER SALUD,ORG MUNDIAL SALUDI PROD NACL BIOL VET,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPO,DFE,GLOBAL EIS PROGRAM,INT BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700009 PM 1524145 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB SWANEPOEL, R VANMIDDELKOOP, A HARVEY, S KUSTNER, HGV AF FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB SWANEPOEL, R VANMIDDELKOOP, A HARVEY, S KUSTNER, HGV TI RISK OF HUMAN INFECTIONS WITH CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUS IN A SOUTH-AFRICAN RURAL-COMMUNITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; CLINICAL-FEATURES; TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION; ANTIBODY; SENEGAL; TICKS; LASSA; KOCH AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is widely distributed in wild and domestic mammals, birds, and ticks throughout many regions of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Interviews were conducted with 484 individuals from nine farms in the Republic of South Africa from which recent human CCHF cases had originated and with individuals from 27 farms without recognized cases. Serum samples were obtained from all consenting individuals. Blood was also drawn from 2,212 farm animals. Human infection with CCHF virus was uncommon (point prevalence 12.6/1,000). Antibody prevalence in humans on farms increased with age (P < 0.00 1), and was correlated with handling lambs. Overall, a greater number of older animals were antibody positive than animals less than one year of age (P < 0.001), but 12.7% of young animals on farms with human infection were antibody positive compared with 5.8% on those farms without human infection (P < 0.05). Physical contact with ticks or tick bite was also found to be a risk factor, but contact with animal blood or fresh meat was not. The risk of CCHF virus infection in the community increased seven-fold following contact with a recognized CCHF case, even when other risk factors were taken into account (point prevalence rate 4.7%). In contrast, antibody prevalence was less than 1% (1 of 128) in the local hospital staff who had cared for patients with CCHF. Prevention is best achieved by education of the farming community and establishing and maintaining awareness in the hospital staff. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT NATL HLTH & POPULAT DEV,PRETORIA,SOUTH AFRICA. NATL INST VIROL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. KIMBERLEY HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,KIMBERLEY,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700011 PM 1524147 ER PT J AU SORVILLO, FJ WATERMAN, SH RICHARDS, FO SCHANTZ, PM AF SORVILLO, FJ WATERMAN, SH RICHARDS, FO SCHANTZ, PM TI CYSTICERCOSIS SURVEILLANCE - LOCALLY ACQUIRED AND TRAVEL-RELATED INFECTIONS AND DETECTION OF INTESTINAL TAPEWORM CARRIERS IN LOS-ANGELES COUNTY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; MEXICO AB A surveillance system for cysticercosis was initiated in January 1988 in Los Angeles County to measure the incidence of the disease, to more accurately assess the level of locally acquired and travel-related infection, and to evaluate household contacts for intestinal tapeworm infection. In three years of surveillance (1988-1990), 138 incident cases were reported for an average crude annual incidence rate of 0.6 per 100,000 population. The highest rates were among Hispanics (1.6/1 00,000), most of whom were Mexican immigrants. Eight (5.8%) cases were fatal. Nine (6.5%) probable travel-associated cases occurred among persons born in the United States who had traveled to Mexico. Ten (7.2%) autochthonous cases of cysticercosis were documented. Taenia eggs were recovered more commonly in specimens from contacts with cysticercosis cases (1.1%) than in specimens from noncontact patients (0.2%). At least one Taenia tapeworm carrier was found among contacts of five (6.9%) of 72 cysticercosis patients. Carriers were more likely to be found among contacts of patients born in the United States (22.2%) than among those of foreign-born (4.8%) patients (odds ratio = 5.4) Cysticercosis causes appreciable morbidity and mortality in Los Angeles County, principally among Hispanic immigrants. However, these results indicate that both travel-acquired and locally acquired cysticercosis may be more common than previously recognized. Public health followup of cysticercosis cases, including screening of household contacts, can identify tapeworm carriers, who can be treated and removed as potential sources of further infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SORVILLO, FJ (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. NR 20 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700014 PM 1524150 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB HOFFMAN, DA SMITH, J STEINBERG, K ZACK, M AF THACKER, SB HOFFMAN, DA SMITH, J STEINBERG, K ZACK, M TI EFFECT OF LOW-LEVEL BODY BURDENS OF LEAD ON THE MENTAL-DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN - LIMITATIONS OF METAANALYSIS IN A REVIEW OF LONGITUDINAL DATA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PORT-PIRIE COHORT; EARLY PRESCHOOL PERIODS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; BLOOD LEAD; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; INFANT DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL-CLASS; EXPOSURE; AGE; PROTOCOL AB The effect of low-level body burdens of lead on the intelligence of children, as measured by intelligence quotient (IQ), was assessed. We reviewed 35 reports from five longitudinal studies conducted in the United States and Australia. In each of these studies, infants were followed for 58 mo or less. The study populations consisted of low- and middle-socioeconomic-class infants who had low-level exposure to environmental lead. Blood-lead levels were measured in a standard fashion at various times, beginning in the prenatal period, and intelligence was first measured at 6 mo of age and was followed by subsequent assessments. Studies were assessed for quality by a review panel blinded to the identity of the investigators and their affiliations. Efforts were made to pool the data with meta-analytic techniques, but efforts were unsuccessful because the methods used to analyze and report data were inconsistent. Inconsistencies were as follows: (a) there were few instances in which IQ and blood-lead levels were measured at comparable times in different studies; (b) incompatibilities existed among the studies, including differences in independent variables, data transformations, and statistical parameters reported; (c) results conflicted when measurement intervals were comparable (i.e., heterogeneity); (d) patterns of regression and correlation coefficients were inconsistent; and (e) data were insufficient to interconvert the parameters reported. Consequently, definitive conclusions regarding the effect of low-level body burdens of lead on IQ could not be determined from the longitudinal data. Examination of the weight of the evidence from this and other studies, however, suggests an adverse relationship of lead on the intelligence of children. C1 CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 66 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 5 BP 336 EP 346 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JU811 UT WOS:A1992JU81100003 PM 1444595 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, K URBACH, D SLUTSKER, L MATSON, P FLEMING, D AF HEDBERG, K URBACH, D SLUTSKER, L MATSON, P FLEMING, D TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - NATURAL-HISTORY IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; FASCIITIS AB Background.-To determine the natural history of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, we followed up all patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome reported to the Oregon Health Division, Portland, during the recent epidemic caused by contaminated tryptophan. Methods.-Patients were interviewed by telephone from 1 to 5 months after illness onset and again at least 12 months after onset. Symptoms (type, onset, and duration), overall disability, treatment, and tryptophan lot and dose were assessed for each patient. Results.-Information was obtained for 55 (96%) of 57 case-patients: 53 patients completed interviews and two patients had died. For the 53 patients who were interviewed, symptoms with onset more commonly during the first 3 months of illness included severe myalgias, fatigue, generalized weakness, edema, and rash. Symptoms with later onset included paresthesias, muscle cramps, extremity weakness, and alopecia. At 12 months, 41 patients (77%) continued to report fatigue, 36 (68%) weakness, and 34 (64%) myalgias; 26 patients (49%) had difficulty climbing stairs, 23 (43%) had difficulty getting up from a chair, and 15 (28%) had difficulty holding a cup. Higher doses of tryptophan were correlated with more severe disability, both initially (r(s)=.33) and at follow-up (r(s)=.42). Although most patients reported improvement in symptoms at 12 months, only 14 (26%) patients reported that they were able to perform all normal daily activities. Conclusions.-Most patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in this population-based cohort are still symptomatic 1 year after onset, primarily with the complaints reported early in the illness. The association between degree of disability and daily tryptophan dose suggests that ingestion of varying amounts of contaminant may be responsible, in part, for the severity of symptoms experienced by individual patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HEDBERG, K (reprint author), OREGON HLTH DIV,COMMUNICABLE DIS SECT,OFF EPIDEMIOL & HLTH STAT,PORTLAND,OR, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 152 IS 9 BP 1889 EP 1892 DI 10.1001/archinte.152.9.1889 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM726 UT WOS:A1992JM72600019 PM 1520057 ER PT J AU MUECKE, L SHEKAR, S DWYER, D ISRAEL, E FLYNN, JPG AF MUECKE, L SHEKAR, S DWYER, D ISRAEL, E FLYNN, JPG TI FUNCTIONAL SCREENING OF LOWER-LIMB AMPUTEES - A ROLE IN PREDICTING REHABILITATION OUTCOME SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE AMPUTATION, DISABILITY EVALUATION, PHYSICAL DISABILITY, REHABILITATION ID LOWER-EXTREMITY AMPUTATIONS; CARE AB The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), a single-score instrument used to measure independent functioning in six areas of basic self-care skills, was used to evaluate 68 patients following lower-limb amputation. Patients in a rehabilitation hospital were assessed with the FIM upon admission and discharge. Admission scores averaged 52.7, ranging from 25.2 to 70.0. Patients scoring in the lowest and highest quartiles were compared: no remarkable gender, ethnic, or age differences were evident. Persons with the lowest scores (ie, lowest functioning) had a higher prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The success of rehabilitation in patients in the lower two quartiles upon admission was variable and not predicted well by the FIM. In contrast, predictability of rehabilitation success was high in patients functioning higher at admission, the majority achieving near-perfect scores by discharge. Length of hospitalization appeared to be largely unrelated to the net difference in FIM scores over the course of hospitalization. C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MARYLAND INST EMERGENCY MED SERV SYST,BALTIMORE,MD. RP MUECKE, L (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,660 W REDWOOD ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 73 IS 9 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA JM347 UT WOS:A1992JM34700016 PM 1514895 ER PT J AU MCNICHOLL, JM OFTUNG, F WHITWORTH, WC FU, X WILLIAMS, AS SHINNICK, TM KARR, RW AF MCNICHOLL, JM OFTUNG, F WHITWORTH, WC FU, X WILLIAMS, AS SHINNICK, TM KARR, RW TI HLA DR4DW4-ANTIGEN INTERACTIONS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NORWEGIAN RADIUM HOSP,OSLO 3,NORWAY. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA JR158 UT WOS:A1992JR15800071 ER PT J AU PACHMAN, LM HAYFORD, JR HOCHBERG, MC BOWYER, SL NIGRO, R SINACORE, J CHRISTENSEN, ML PALLANSCH, M AF PACHMAN, LM HAYFORD, JR HOCHBERG, MC BOWYER, SL NIGRO, R SINACORE, J CHRISTENSEN, ML PALLANSCH, M TI SEASONAL ONSET IN JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS (JDMS) - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 SU S BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA JR158 UT WOS:A1992JR15800315 ER PT J AU PACHMAN, LM NIGRO, R ROWLEY, A CHRISTENSEN, M HAYFORD, JR HELLER, S CALIENDO, J TICHO, B PATTERSON, B YTTERBERG, S PALLANSCH, M AF PACHMAN, LM NIGRO, R ROWLEY, A CHRISTENSEN, M HAYFORD, JR HELLER, S CALIENDO, J TICHO, B PATTERSON, B YTTERBERG, S PALLANSCH, M TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION (PCR) DOES NOT DETECT ENTEROVIRAL OR COXSACKIEVIRUS-B (CVB) MESSENGER-RNA IN FRESH-FROZEN MUSCLE BIOPSIES FROM 20 JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS (JDMS) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHICAGO,IL 60611. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 SU S BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA JR158 UT WOS:A1992JR15800182 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, BK SENSIBAR, J QUAN, Y LEE, C NIGRO, R PACHMAN, LM PALLANSCH, M AF PATTERSON, BK SENSIBAR, J QUAN, Y LEE, C NIGRO, R PACHMAN, LM PALLANSCH, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF A 67,000 MW COMMON AUTOANTIGEN IN JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS (JDMS) BY 2-DIMENSIONAL WESTERN BLOTTING SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA JR158 UT WOS:A1992JR15800106 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CHORBA, TL AF HOOPER, WC HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CHORBA, TL TI HODGKIN DISEASE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES - 1979-1988 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE HODGKIN DISEASE; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LYMPHOMA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; TRENDS; ANTIBODIES AB Mortality trends for Hodgkin disease in the United States were examined from 1979 to 1988 with the use of mortality data for multiple causes of death, which were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. A progressive decrease in the death rate from Hodgkin disease was observed over this period. The decrease in death rate was greatest among white patients. Patients who were 55 years or older had the highest death rate. Analysis by geographic region showed decreases in each of the regions, with no significant difference among groups of states with high and low incidences of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, the decrease in the South was approximately 35% greater than that in the North-east. In 1988 the most significant difference in death rates between male and female patients was in the 35-54-year age group, whereas a significant difference in death rates between white and black patients was seen only in patients who were 55 years of age or older. In summary, although there has been a significant reduction in deaths resulting from Hodgkin disease between 1979 and 1988, the decreases observed have varied between sexes and among age groups, racial groups, and geographic regions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOOPER, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19920901)70:5<1166::AID-CNCR2820700523>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JK783 UT WOS:A1992JK78300022 PM 1515992 ER PT J AU BYERS, T GORSKY, R AF BYERS, T GORSKY, R TI ESTIMATES OF COSTS AND EFFECTS OF SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL-CANCER IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL CONF ON COLORECTAL CANCER CY MAR 20-22, 1991 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP AMER CANC SOC DE NEOPLASMS; COLON; RECTUM; SCREENING; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ID OCCULT BLOOD; CONTROLLED TRIAL; SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH AB Background. In many ways, colorectal cancer might be an excellent candidate for mass screening because of the following: (1) it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States; (2) it develops slowly from a precursor lesion; and (3) methods of early detection are available. Barriers to screening include unproven efficacy of the procedure and high costs. Methods. Cost analyses are derived from two mathematic models that estimate screening costs and effects based on expert opinion and data from uncontrolled screening studies. Results. One screening option that follows the guidelines of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute (annual testing for occult fecal blood and sigmoidoscopy every 5 years) could result in a 40% decrease in colon cancer mortality for American adults between the ages of 50 and 75 years if they comply with screening. This model, developed hy David Eddy, projects an average of 44 days of extra life per person screened, at a net cost of $57 per day of life gained. Using assumptions much less favorable to screening, the Office of Technology Assessment modeled this same screening strategy for those aged 65 years and older. This model predicted a similar benefit of extra life per person at a cost of $118 per day of life gained. This doubling of the predicted cost was caused by the inclusion of subsequent colonoscopic surveillance costs for those found to have polyps. Direct costs of screening annually for fecal occult blood and every 5 years by sigmoidoscopy would cost an average of approximately $48 per person per year for screening and follow-up testing of all positive results. Fecal occult blood testing alone, although less effective, costs only $20 per person per year, including follow-up testing of all positive findings. Conclusions. The results from randomized trials of fecal occult blood screening will be known in the next 5 years, but trials of screening with sigmoidoscopy will not be complete for 10-15 years. Because mass screening programs will be difficult to fund without better data on their efficacy, colorectal cancer screening will continue to be a matter of individual decision making in the clinical setting for years to come. Clearer presentations of costs and benefits that can be understood by both patients and physicians are needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOTION,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 SU S BP 1288 EP 1295 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19920901)70:3+<1288::AID-CNCR2820701515>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JL193 UT WOS:A1992JL19300013 PM 1387342 ER PT J AU TURNER, WE PATTERSON, DG ISAACS, SG ALEXANDER, LR AF TURNER, WE PATTERSON, DG ISAACS, SG ALEXANDER, LR TI LABORATORY QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR SERUM DIOXIN AND FURAN MEASUREMENTS - UNITED-STATES-AIR-FORCE RANCH HAND AND CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL VIETNAM VETERAN, NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-FOR-OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY-AND-HEALTH CHEMICAL WORKERS, AND SEVESO, ITALY, STUDIES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE SERUM DIOXINS AND FURANS; QUALITY ASSURANCE; QUALITY CONTROL; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; CONTROL CHARTS; PCDDS; PCDFS ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; HERBICIDES; MORTALITY AB An overview of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Quality Assurance program, focusing on data quality assessment procedures for serum dioxin/furan measurements, is presented. RP CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90069-4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ551 UT WOS:A1992JZ55100005 ER PT J AU TURNER, WE ISAACS, SG PATTERSON, DG AF TURNER, WE ISAACS, SG PATTERSON, DG TI AN AUTOMATED SAMPLE CLEANUP APPARATUS USED IN THE PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, AND ORTHOUNSUBSTITUTED (PLANAR) BIPHENYLS IN HUMAN SERUM AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED SAMPLE CLEANUP APPARATUS; HUMAN SERUM AND ADIPOSE TISSUE; PCDDS; PCDFS; PLANAR PCBS ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN AB An improved automated sample cleanup apparatus used in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) procedure for measuring polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and ortho-unsubstituted or planar biphenyls (planar PCBs) in serum and adipose tissue has been developed. Compared to our prototype model, this device is more versatile, easier to use, and has reduced the time required to perform the first part of the procedure from 20 to 4 h. RP TURNER, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90070-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ551 UT WOS:A1992JZ55100006 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK HAMIR, Z AF SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK HAMIR, Z TI INVITRO ACTIVITY OF AMPHOTERICIN-B, HAMYCIN AND THEIR NOVEL WATER-SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS AGAINST PATHOGENIC YEASTS SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE INVITRO ACTIVITY; AMPHOTERICIN-B; HAMYCIN; JAI-AMPHOTERICIN-B; JAI-HAMYCIN; PATHOGENIC YEASTS ID TRICHOSPORON-BEIGELII; RESISTANT AB Twenty-eight pathogenic isolates, 4 each of Candida albicans, C. lusitaniae, C parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon beigelii were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to amphotericin B (AmB), hamycin (HA) and their novel water-soluble compounds, namely JAI-AmB (oral and injectable; patents pending) and JAI-HA (Jaimycin Inc., Walnut Creek, Calif., USA), using a standard double-dilution broth (1 ml/tube) procedure. The 2 novel compounds, namely JAI-AmB and JAI-HA, contain one twenty-fifth (w/w) of the AmB and HA, respectively. Results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AmB for all species, except C lusitaniae and Tr. beigelii (3.125-6.25 mug/ml), were 0.195-1.56 mug/ml. The values of JAI-AmB (oral) for C albicans, C parapsilosis, Cr neoformans and To. glabrata ranged from 0.78 to 25 mug/ml. The MICs of JAI-AmB (oral) for the other yeasts were 100 mug/ml. All of the yeasts yielded higher MICs (3.125-100 mug/ml) against JAI-AmB (injectable) than the JAI-AmB (oral) preparation. Except for C parapsilosis (MICs 25-100 mug/ml), all of the other species showed greater sensitivity to the parent HA (0.195-100 mug/ml) than AmB. The values for JAI-HA ranged from 0.195 to 100 mug/ml for all isolates, except C tropicalis (100 mug/ml). Based on our in vitro findings, in vivo efficacies of JAI-AmB and JAI-HA should be carried out. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON T6G 2J2,AB,CANADA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 38 IS 5 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KE414 UT WOS:A1992KE41400004 PM 1286573 ER PT J AU KING, GE WERNER, SB KIZER, KW AF KING, GE WERNER, SB KIZER, KW TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AEROMONAS INFECTIONS IN CALIFORNIA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; HYDROPHILA; GASTROENTERITIS; MICROBIOLOGY AB In May 1988, California became the first state to make aeromonas infection a reportable condition, thereby permitting the first population-based study of the epidemiology of infection caused by Aeromonas organisms. Case investigations were carried out on 219 of the 280 patients whose infections were reported during the first year of notification. The overall incidence rate for Aeromonas isolation was 10.6 cases per 1 million population. The gastrointestinal tract was the most commonly reported site from which Aeromonas was isolated (81%), with wounds being the next most common source (9%). Five (2%) of the 219 patients died; all five had serious underlying medical conditions apart from aeromonas infection. No common-source enteric outbreaks were reported. The high rate of gastrointestinal symptoms and isolation of organisms from medically vulnerable patients and the fact that other bacterial enteric pathogens were rarely isolated from symptomatic patients support evidence from previous studies that Aeromonas is an enteric pathogen. The evidence from these case reports in California suggests that aeromonas infections are not an important public health problem and are largely nonpreventable. Thus, public health surveillance is not necessary and mandatory reporting has been discontinued. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,INFECT DIS BRANCH,PREVENT SERV,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400011 PM 1520792 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM GEORGHIOU, PR ALLWORTH, AM BLACKLOCK, ZM AF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM GEORGHIOU, PR ALLWORTH, AM BLACKLOCK, ZM TI INFECTIONS DUE TO NOCARDIA-TRANSVALENSIS - CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; RECIPIENTS AB Nocardia transvalensis, a rare Nocardia species, has previously been recognized as a cause of actinomycotic mycetoma. In a retrospective review of N. transvalensis isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) during the period January 1981 through January 1990, we identified 15 patient isolates. Four N. transvalensis isolates originated from one Australian reference laboratory; one patient's isolate that was identified by the Australian laboratory but that was not received at the Centers for Disease Control was also included in our study. A review of the cases of these 16 patients found that N. transvalensis caused infection in 10 patients and colonization in two patients. Six (75%) of eight patients with primary pulmonary or disseminated N. transvalensis infections had an underlying immunologic disorder or were receiving immunosuppressive therapy; three patients with disseminated infection died. All nine infected patients for whom specific antimicrobial therapy was prescribed received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 11 N. transvalensis isolates revealed increased antimicrobial resistance to amikacin and other drugs when compared with that of other Nocardia species. Severely immunocompromised patients are predisposed to N. transvalensis pneumonia or disseminated infection, and the lung may be the portal of entry. C1 ROYAL BRISBANE HOSP,DEPT INFECT DIS,BRISBANE,QLD 4029,AUSTRALIA. DEPT HLTH,MICROBIOL & PATHOL LAB,BRISBANE,AUSTRALIA. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,BLDG 1,ROOM 4044,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Allworth, Anthony/G-3143-2011 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 453 EP 463 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400012 PM 1520793 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, JB HERWALDT, BL STOKES, SL BECHER, JA ROBERTS, JM MICHELSON, MK JURANEK, DD AF MCAULEY, JB HERWALDT, BL STOKES, SL BECHER, JA ROBERTS, JM MICHELSON, MK JURANEK, DD TI DILOXANIDE FUROATE FOR TREATING ASYMPTOMATIC ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA CYST PASSERS - 14 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; AMEBIASIS; DIAGNOSIS; ZYMODEMES AB Diloxanide furoate is used for treating asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic persons who are passing cysts of Entamoeba histolytica. The Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) released this drug for 4,371 treatment courses from 1977 through 1990. Of the 2,815 report forms (64%) returned, 656 adverse effects were reported for 390 treatment courses (14%); they included flatulence (260), diarrhea or cramping (100), nausea (93), headache (17), disorientation or dizziness (9), and diplopia (4). During 1984-1990 uniform collection of data allowed more detailed analysis of toxicity and efficacy; fewer adverse effects were reported for persons aged 20 months to 10 years than for persons aged > 10 years (6 of 206 [3%] vs. 89 of 763 [12%], relative risk = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.12 < relative risk < 0.61). Parasitological cures were achieved during 497 (86%) of the 575 treatment courses (52%) administered to asymptomatic persons who were passing cysts, who had received a full 10-day treatment course, and for whom results of a follow-up stool examination (greater-than-or-equal-to 14 days post-treatment) were available. Diloxanide furoate is safe and effective for treating asymptomatic persons who are passing E. histolytica cysts and may be particularly well tolerated in children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP 13,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 464 EP 468 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400013 PM 1520794 ER PT J AU VALERO, G CUTRONA, AF WATANAKUNAKORN, C TALKINGTON, DF AF VALERO, G CUTRONA, AF WATANAKUNAKORN, C TALKINGTON, DF TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS SEPTICEMIA AND AN INFECTED, RUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSM ASSOCIATED WITH PHARYNGITIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID EXPERIENCE AB A 65-year-old man had a 3-day history of sore throat, fever, rigors, back pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient's daughter had group A streptococcus pharyngitis. The patient was found to have a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. He underwent resection of the aneurysm and right axillary femoro-femoral bypass graft. The patient died 40 hours after admission. Gram stain of the aneurysm showed numerous gram-positive cocci. Group A streptococcus grew from cultures of blood, throat, and aneurysm. The group A streptococcus was M type 3, T type 3 and produced streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. This case is a very rare fatal complication of group A streptococcus pharyngitis. C1 NE OHIO UNIV,COLL MED,ROOTSTOWN,OH 44272. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WESTERN RESERVE CARE SYST,DEPT INTERNAL MED,YOUNGSTOWN,OH 44501. RP VALERO, G (reprint author), ST ELIZABETH HOSP,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,POB 1790,YOUNGSTOWN,OH 44501, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 525 EP 527 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400022 PM 1520802 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, JB JURANEK, DD AF MCAULEY, JB JURANEK, DD TI PAROMOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF MILD-TO-MODERATE INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID METRONIDAZOLE RP MCAULEY, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400027 PM 1520807 ER PT J AU MASCOLA, L SORVILLO, F GOULET, V HALL, B WEAVER, R LINNAN, M AF MASCOLA, L SORVILLO, F GOULET, V HALL, B WEAVER, R LINNAN, M TI FECAL CARRIAGE OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES - OBSERVATIONS DURING A COMMUNITY-WIDE, COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS C1 LAB NATL SANTE,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MASCOLA, L (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,313 N FIGUEROA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012, USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK474 UT WOS:A1992JK47400036 PM 1520812 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG RUTTENBER, AJ ANDA, RF SWEENEY, PA WETLI, CV AF ESCOBEDO, LG RUTTENBER, AJ ANDA, RF SWEENEY, PA WETLI, CV TI CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE, LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, AND THE RISK OF COCAINE OVERDOSE DEATH SO CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORONARY; COCAINE; FORENSIC; OVERDOSE ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ABUSE; ALCOHOL AB Background: We assessed the relationship of coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy to the risk of cocaine overdose death. Methods We conducted a case-control study using data collected by medical examiners in Dade County, Florida, using logistic regression to calculate the odds of cocaine overdose death in relation to coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. Results: Compared with decedents without coronary artery disease, the adjusted odds ratio (likelihood) of cocaine overdose death for decedents with coronary artery disease was 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.8). This relationship was stronger for decedents with severe coronary artery disease who had used alcohol and cocaine. Compared with decedents without left ventricular hypertrophy, the adjusted odds ratio of cocaine overdose death for decedents with left ventricular hypertrophy was 5.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 11.9). Conclusions: These results suggest that persons with coronary artery disease or left ventricular hypertrophy are at an increased risk of cocaine overdose death and that the use of alcohol in combination with cocaine increases this risk even further. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. METROPOLITAN DADE CTY MED EXAMINER DEPT,MIAMI,FL. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0954-6928 J9 CORONARY ARTERY DIS JI Coronary Artery Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 IS 9 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1097/00019501-199209000-00012 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JP250 UT WOS:A1992JP25000012 ER PT J AU PIZATELLA, TJ PUTZANDERSON, V BOBICK, TG MCGLOTHLIN, JD WATERS, TR AF PIZATELLA, TJ PUTZANDERSON, V BOBICK, TG MCGLOTHLIN, JD WATERS, TR TI UNDERSTANDING AND EVALUATING MANUAL HANDLING INJURIES - NIOSH RESEARCH STUDIES SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BACK INJURIES; MANUAL HANDLING; SURVEILLANCE; ENGINEERING CONTROLS AB This paper presents an overview of NIOSH research aimed at characterizing and identifying intervention strategies for reducing musculoskeletal injuries during manual handling activities. Surveillance and evaluative research projects are reviewed. Future research directions of the Institute are also discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP PIZATELLA, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1080/00140139208967374 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA JF382 UT WOS:A1992JF38200002 PM 1505511 ER PT J AU EKBOM, A HELMICK, CG ZACK, M HOLMBERG, L ADAMI, HO AF EKBOM, A HELMICK, CG ZACK, M HOLMBERG, L ADAMI, HO TI SURVIVAL AND CAUSES OF DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; ARTERY-OCCLUSION; PROGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; COUNTY; CANCER; COPENHAGEN; COMMUNITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EKBOM, A (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 59 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 954 EP 960 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JK851 UT WOS:A1992JK85100028 PM 1499945 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT - LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.11.3.257 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA JR215 UT WOS:A1992JR21500022 ER PT J AU FUCHS, R HEATH, GW WHEELER, FC AF FUCHS, R HEATH, GW WHEELER, FC TI PERCEIVED MORBIDITY AS A DETERMINANT OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION-MOTIVATION; UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM; SMOKING CESSATION; HEART-DISEASE; BELIEF MODEL; THREAT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ADOLESCENTS AB It is hypothesized that perceived morbidity, a concept closely related to perceived vulnerability, is an important determinant of health behaviors. In this cross-sectional study (N = 2740), perceived morbidity was conceptualized as a categorical variable defining six distinct morbidity groups: the hypertension, high cholesterol, angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke and 'morbidity-free' groups. We used analyses of covariance to identify differences in health behaviors between the six groups; the analyses were done separately for middle-aged (40-60 years old) and older (> 60 years old) respondents. Results show that perceived morbidity had a significant effect on fat consumption (P < 0.001) and on physical activity (P < 0.01). In both age ranges, the morbidity-free group had the highest fat consumption; among the middle-aged respondents, the level of physical activity was significantly lower in the morbidity-free group than in the heart attack group. Furthermore, respondents in the high cholesterol group showed consistently a 'better' health behavior than people in the hypertension group. Overall, these results suggest that the concept of perceived morbidity may be useful in explaining inter-individual differences in health behaviors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP FUCHS, R (reprint author), FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST PSYCHOL WE7,HABELSCHWERDTER ALLEE 45,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 402234] NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1093/her/7.3.327 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN740 UT WOS:A1992JN74000002 PM 10148740 ER PT J AU TOKARS, JI JARVIS, WR EDLIN, BR DOOLEY, SW GRIECO, MH GILLIGAN, ME SCHNEIDER, N MONTONEZ, M WILLIAMS, J AF TOKARS, JI JARVIS, WR EDLIN, BR DOOLEY, SW GRIECO, MH GILLIGAN, ME SCHNEIDER, N MONTONEZ, M WILLIAMS, J TI TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTING OF HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES DURING AN OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV)-INFECTED PATIENTS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. RP TOKARS, JI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 9 BP 509 EP 510 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JN691 UT WOS:A1992JN69100003 PM 1430996 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, CM CHONG, WH ROY, C ANDERSON, R JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, CM CHONG, WH ROY, C ANDERSON, R JARVIS, WR TI OUTBREAK OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL INFECTION; PROPHYLACTIC CEFAZOLIN; REPLACEMENT; PREVENTION; PLACEBO; SURGERY AB OBJECTIVES: Describe an outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty; identify risk factors for surgical wound infection during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. SETTING: A 100-bed hospital. From May 1 to September 30, 1988, 7 of 15 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty developed surgical wound infections from Staphylococcus aureus (5), Enterobacter cloacae (1), beta-hemolytic streptococci (1), enterococci (1), coagulase-negative staphylococci (1), and Escherichia coli (1) (attack rate = 46.7%). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort studies comparing surgical wound infection rates by patient- and procedure-related risk factors during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods were conducted. Drop plate quantitative air culturing was conducted in 10 consecutive total hip arthroplasties in the subsequent 6 months. RESULTS: Rates of surgical wound infection were significantly higher for arthroplasties in which no intraoperative prophylactic antimicrobials were given (44% versus 8%, relative risk [RR]=5.4, p=.01), or in which the posterior approach (20% versus 3%, RR=6.7, p=.04) or a specific prosthesis (39% versus 5%, RR=6.3, p=0.01) was used. The surgical wound infection rate was highest when one circulating nurse, Nurse A, assisted (47% versus 4%, RR=12.8, p<.001). Logistic regression analysis identified use of the posterior approach (PR=1.8, p=.04) and Nurse A's participation (RR=5.0, p<.001) as independent risk factors for surgical wound infection. Interviews of the nursing supervisor indicated that Nurse A had recurrent dermatitis on her hands. During 6 months following Nurse A's reassignment, the rate declined significantly (from 7/15 to 0/10, p=.01). Drop plate culturing yielded 2 to 10 colonies per plate of organisms that did not match outbreak organisms. CONCLUSIONS: Outbreaks associated with personnel generally involve only 1 species. In this outbreak, Nurse A (possibly because of her dermatitis), technique, the posterior approach, and/or other undetermined factors were the primary predictors of surgical wound infection. C1 PENOBSCOT BAY MED CTR,ROCKLAND,ME 04841. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 9 BP 526 EP 534 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JN691 UT WOS:A1992JN69100010 PM 1431000 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR DOLL, L WHITE, C CHU, S WILLIAMS, A ALTMAN, R BECKER, G BERNARDUCCI, J BUSCH, M VIGGIANO, E DAVIS, J DARR, F GRINDON, A KLEINMAN, S LAMBERSON, H LENES, B MENITOVE, J MOLINARIS, J NESS, P RAEVSKY, C HOLLAND, P SCHAFER, AW KAMEL, H STEVENS, C VAUGHAN, H AF PETERSEN, LR DOLL, L WHITE, C CHU, S WILLIAMS, A ALTMAN, R BECKER, G BERNARDUCCI, J BUSCH, M VIGGIANO, E DAVIS, J DARR, F GRINDON, A KLEINMAN, S LAMBERSON, H LENES, B MENITOVE, J MOLINARIS, J NESS, P RAEVSKY, C HOLLAND, P SCHAFER, AW KAMEL, H STEVENS, C VAUGHAN, H TI NO EVIDENCE FOR FEMALE-TO-FEMALE HIV TRANSMISSION AMONG 960,000 FEMALE BLOOD-DONORS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; LESBIANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AB The frequency of female-to-female HIV transmission was assessed among 960,000 female blood donors at 20 large U.S. blood centers during 1990. Of 144 HIV-seropositive women identified, 106 were interviewed. None of the interviewed women reported sex exclusively with women since 1978. Three seropositive women reported sex contact with women as well as with either bisexual men or men who had used i.v. drugs. In this large population, we identified no woman who was infected with HIV from sexual contact with another woman. C1 BLOOD CTR SE WISCONSIN INC,MILWAUKEE,WI. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. AMER NATL RED CROSS,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. SACRAMENTO MED CTR,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,POPULAT STUDIES SECT,MAILSTOP E-46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 9 BP 853 EP 855 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JJ975 UT WOS:A1992JJ97500001 PM 1512683 ER PT J AU BEHETS, F BISHAGARA, K DISASI, A LIKIN, S RYDER, RW BROWN, C QUINN, TC AF BEHETS, F BISHAGARA, K DISASI, A LIKIN, S RYDER, RW BROWN, C QUINN, TC TI DIAGNOSIS OF HIV-INFECTION WITH INSTRUMENT-FREE ASSAYS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE ELISA AND WESTERN-BLOT TESTING STRATEGY - AN EVALUATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; ZAIRE; SERODIAGNOSIS; INSTRUMENT FREE ASSAYS AB The efficiency of an alternative instrument-free testing strategy was evaluated using a membrane-based rapid screening assay (HIVCHEK and its new version HIVCHEK 1 + 2) in serial combination with a particle agglutination assay (SERODIA-HIV). Among 1,054 Zairian individuals at high risk of HIV infection, 573 were Western blot-positive for HIV-1 (54.4%) and none were Western blot-positive for HIV-2. In this group, the sensitivities of the serial combination HIVCHEK plus SERODIA-HIV and HIVCHEK 1 + 2 plus SERODIA-HIV were 98.1 and 98.2%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.6 and 99.5% compared with HIV-1 Western blot. The positive predictive values were 99.6% for HIVCHEK plus SERODIA-HIV and 99.5% for HIVCHEK 1 + 2 plus SERODIA-HIV; the negative predictive values were 97.8 and 97.9%, respectively. Among 1,495 pregnant women, 90 were Western blot-positive for HIV-1 (6.0%), and 54 of 1,510 blood donors were HIV-1 Western blot-positive (3.6%). None were positive for HIV-2. The sensitivities of HIVCHEK plus SERODIA-HIV and HIVCHEK 1 + 2 plus SERODIA-HIV in these groups were 98.6 and 99.3%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.8 and 99.7%. The positive and negative predictive values of HIVCHEK plus SERODIA-HIV were 96.6 and 99.9%, respectively, and they were 94.1 and 99.9%, respectively, for HIVCHEK 1 + 2 plus SERODIA-HIV. These instrument-free testing strategies are efficient alternatives for serodiagnosis of HIV-1 infection, although their cost should be further reduced. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CLIN NGALIEMA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 9 BP 878 EP 882 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JJ975 UT WOS:A1992JJ97500005 PM 1512687 ER PT J AU GALLO, D HOFFMAN, MN YEH, ET GEORGE, JR HANSON, CV AF GALLO, D HOFFMAN, MN YEH, ET GEORGE, JR HANSON, CV TI COMPARISON OF INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND MEMBRANE FLUORESCENCE ASSAYS FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 AND TYPE-2 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN AB Serum samples from 20 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and 30 HIV-2-infected and 7 dually infected individuals were reacted by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and membrane fluorescence assay in order to determine whether these methods were useful for typing HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Although 41 of 50 (82%) of the HIV-1- and HIV-2-positive specimens cross-reacted to some extent with the heterologous antigen in the IFA, the antigen with the higher titer correlated completely with the infecting type. The IFA could not distinguish single from dual infections, however. In contrast, only 4 of the 50 (8%) serum samples cross-reacted in the membrane fluorescence test. All seven of the specimens from patients with mixed infections reacted with both antigens. The membrane fluorescence test appears to be reliable for serodifferentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and may be useful for laboratories with low-volume typing requirements. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GALLO, D (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV LABS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS LAB,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2275 EP 2278 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JJ484 UT WOS:A1992JJ48400010 PM 1328285 ER PT J AU GORDON, S SWENSON, JM HILL, BC PIGOTT, NE FACKLAM, RR COOKSEY, RC THORNSBERRY, C JARVIS, WR TENOVER, FC AF GORDON, S SWENSON, JM HILL, BC PIGOTT, NE FACKLAM, RR COOKSEY, RC THORNSBERRY, C JARVIS, WR TENOVER, FC TI ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF COMMON AND UNUSUAL SPECIES OF ENTEROCOCCI CAUSING INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; N-FORMIMIDOYL THIENAMYCIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; SP-NOV; ENDOCARDITIS; PENICILLIN; INVITRO; FAECIUM; CIPROFLOXACIN; AMPICILLIN AB We collected 705 isolates of enterococci (1 per patient) from cultures of a variety of anatomic sites from patients at eight tertiary-care hospitals in six geographic regions of the United States. A total of 632 (90%) Enterococcus faecalis, 58 (8%) E. faecium, 5 E. gallinarum, 4 E. avium, 3 E. casseliflavus, 1 E. raffinosus, and 1 E. hirae isolate and 1 biochemical variant of E. faecalis were identified; 606 (86%) of these isolates were associated with clinical infections. The most common sites of isolation were the urinary tract (402 [57%]), nonsurgical wounds (94 [13%]), the bloodstream (74 [10%]), and surgical wounds (62 [9%]). High-level resistance to gentamicin or streptomycin or both was detected in 265 (38%) of the isolates. We identified two E. faecalis isolates resistant to vancomycin (MICs, 32 and 128-mu-g/ml) and 11 beta-lactamase-producing E. faecalis isolates. E. faecium isolates were significantly more resistant than E. faecalis isolates to penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001). The MICs for the 15 non-E. faecalis, non-E. faecium enterococci indicated variable resistance to ciprofloxacin and the penicillins. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns vary among species of enterococci, and these organisms, while commonly resistant to high-level aminoglycosides, can also acquire resistance to vancomycin or the ability to produce beta-lactamase. Because of these diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, successful treatment and control of enterococcal infections with current antimicrobial agents are becoming increasingly difficult. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST MICROBIOL RES,FRANKLIN,TN 37064. NR 49 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2373 EP 2378 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JJ484 UT WOS:A1992JJ48400027 PM 1401001 ER PT J AU THACKER, WL DYKE, JW BENSON, RF HAVLICHEK, DH ROBINSONDUNN, B STIEFEL, H SCHNEIDER, W MOSS, CW MAYBERRY, WR BRENNER, DJ AF THACKER, WL DYKE, JW BENSON, RF HAVLICHEK, DH ROBINSONDUNN, B STIEFEL, H SCHNEIDER, W MOSS, CW MAYBERRY, WR BRENNER, DJ TI LEGIONELLA-LANSINGENSIS SP-NOV ISOLATED FROM A PATIENT WITH PNEUMONIA AND UNDERLYING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOHYDROXY; DIHYDROXY AB A Legionella-like organism, strain 1677-MI-H, was isolated from the bronchoscopy washings of a patient with pneumonia who had a 2-year history of progressive, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The growth characteristics, cellular fatty acids, and ubiquinone content of the isolate were consistent with those for Legionella spp. The isolate was serologically distinct in the slide agglutination test with absorbed antisera. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain 1677-MI-H (ATCC 49751) represents a new Legionella species which is named Legionella lansingensis. C1 SPARROW HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,E LANSING,MI 48824. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JAMES H QUILLEN COLL MED,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. RP THACKER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2398 EP 2401 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JJ484 UT WOS:A1992JJ48400031 PM 1401005 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA KAUFMAN, L DURRY, E BANERJEE, CK JINDAL, SK TALWAR, P CHAKRABARTI, A AF PADHYE, AA KAUFMAN, L DURRY, E BANERJEE, CK JINDAL, SK TALWAR, P CHAKRABARTI, A TI FATAL PULMONARY SPOROTRICHOSIS CAUSED BY SPOROTHRIX-SCHENCKII VAR LURIEI IN INDIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The first case of fatal pulmonary sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii var. luriei in a patient from the northwestern region of India is described. In the absence of cultures, the diagnosis was suspected by notation, in lung tissue, of large, thick-walled, hyaline fungal cells that divided internally by septation or a budding process. The thick-walled, internally septated cells often became muriform. The presence of an "eyeglass" configuration of incompletely separated cells characteristic of S. schenckii var. luriei in large numbers aided the diagnosis. The identity of the etiologic agent was confirmed by application of a fluorescent-antibody reagent specific for S. schenckii. C1 POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES,DEPT PATHOL,CHANDIGARH 160012,INDIA. POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES,DEPT PULM MED,CHANDIGARH 160012,INDIA. POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CHANDIGARH 160012,INDIA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2492 EP 2494 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JJ484 UT WOS:A1992JJ48400051 PM 1401023 ER PT J AU MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI AF MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI TI IDENTIFICATION OF SOME UNCOMMON MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS OF BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DIMETHYL DISULFIDE DERIVATIVES; CAT SCRATCH DISEASE; DOUBLE-BONDS; CORYNEBACTERIA; POSITION AB Location of the double-bond positiOn Of monounsaturated fatty acids of various bacteria was accomplished with combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) derivatives. The monoenoic fatty acids from whole cells were converted to methyl esters and then to DMDS adducts and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectra of DMDS adducts gave an easily recognizable molecular ion and two major diagnostic ions attributable to fragmentation between the two CH3S groups located at the original site of unsaturation. Twenty-one relatively novel monoenoic fatty acids were identified among the bacteria studied. All Flavobacterium species contained i17:1-omega-8c, Bacillus alvei contained i16:1-omega-11c and i17:l-omega-12c, and Psychrobacter immobilis contained 12:1-omega-9c. Resolution of cis and trans isomers with capillary gas chromatography and subsequent mass spectrometry permitted positive identification of 16:1-omega-7c and 16:1-omega-7t in Arcobacter (Campylobacter) cryaerophila and 16:1-omega-9c and 16:1-omega-9t in Aerococcus viridans. RP MOSS, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2511 EP 2512 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JJ484 UT WOS:A1992JJ48400058 PM 1401029 ER PT J AU VANLOON, FPL GYR, K BANIK, AK AF VANLOON, FPL GYR, K BANIK, AK TI PERFUSION STUDIES IN CHOLERA - METHODS AND PROCEDURES SO JOURNAL OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE CHOLERA; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; INTESTINAL SECRETIONS AB This paper reviews the characteristics of perfusion techniques in the study of intestinal functions by specifically examining the methods and procedures of perfusion in patients with diarrhoea due to infection with V. cholerae 01. Because of abundant jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes in cholera, perfusion studies require special approaches with regard to patient preparation, use of tubing material, selection of markers, and rate of perfusion. A discussion on specific problems involved in marker perfusion techniques in cholera and on the interpretation of the results is followed by practical recommendations. RP VANLOON, FPL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT MS E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTRE DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RES, BANGLADESH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 0253-8768 J9 J DIARRHOEAL DIS RES JI J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 10 IS 3 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JQ823 UT WOS:A1992JQ82300001 PM 1430966 ER PT J AU HAYES, LC RODENBECK, SE AF HAYES, LC RODENBECK, SE TI DEVELOPING A PUBLIC-HEALTH ASSESSMENT - IMPACT OF A MERCURY-CONTAMINATED DISCHARGE TO SURFACE-WATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In its public health assessments, the Agency for Toxic Substances and disease Registry (ATSDR) evaluates data and information on the release of hazardous substances into the environment to assess any current or future impact on public health, develop health advisories or other recommendations, and identify studies or actions needed to evaluate and mitigate or prevent human health effects. Activities at the Stauffer Chemical LeMoyne National Priorities List (NPL) site, Mobile, Alabama, resulted in the discharge of mercury-laden effluent into a wetland area. This case study illustrates how site-specific information was used to develop the ATSDR health assessment for the Stauffer Chemical LeMoyne NPL site and how the movement of contaminants from an NPL site into surface waters may affect public health. RP HAYES, LC (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DHAC,RBP,ENVIRONM SCI SECT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 55 IS 2 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JM034 UT WOS:A1992JM03400004 ER PT J AU NIU, MT POLISH, LB ROBERTSON, BH KHANNA, BK WOODRUFF, BA SHAPIRO, CN MILLER, MA SMITH, JD GEDROSE, JK ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS AF NIU, MT POLISH, LB ROBERTSON, BH KHANNA, BK WOODRUFF, BA SHAPIRO, CN MILLER, MA SMITH, JD GEDROSE, JK ALTER, MJ MARGOLIS, HS TI MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A ASSOCIATED WITH FROZEN STRAWBERRIES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OYSTER-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RASPBERRIES AB A multistate outbreak of hepatitis A was traced to frozen strawberries processed at a single plant. Among 827 students and 60 teachers at an elementary school in Georgia during a 2-week period. 15 developed hepatitis A. Three months later, among 174 residents and 467 staff in an institution for the developmentally disabled in Montana during a 3-week period, 13 developed hepatitis A. Primary attack rates were 10% in the school and 8% in the institution. Cohort analysis in the school implicated consumption of strawberry shortcake in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection (relative risk, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-55.6). In the institution, such analysis implicated desserts and uncooked strawberries as the most biologically plausible vehicle of HAV transmission. Molecular analysis of HAV from patients in the two outbreaks revealed that the viral genomes were genetically identical and distinct from other known US strains. Contamination of food products before retail distribution is rare but should be considered in investigating common-source outbreaks of hepatitis A. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOORCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT. RP NIU, MT (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP G-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 166 IS 3 BP 518 EP 524 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK029 UT WOS:A1992JK02900009 PM 1323618 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM STEPHENS, DS LICITRA, C PIGOTT, N FACKLAM, R SWAMINATHAN, B WACHSMUTH, IK AF BLUMBERG, HM STEPHENS, DS LICITRA, C PIGOTT, N FACKLAM, R SWAMINATHAN, B WACHSMUTH, IK TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS - USE OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL DNA AND DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES (RIBOTYPING) SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPES; INFANTS; STRAINS; BACTEREMIA; PATTERNS; DISEASE; SEPSIS; ADULTS; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Epidemiologic investigation of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections has been limited by the lack of a discriminatory typing system. Therfore, the use of restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA (REAC) and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA genes (ribotyping) to subtype molecularly GBS isolates associated with human invasive disease was investigated. Chromosomal DNA of selected GBS isolates was initially digested with 24 different restriction enzymes. HhaI gave the best discrimination of hybridization banding patterns (ribotypes) and was used with all study isolates. Ribotyping and REAC differentiated among isolates of the same and different serotypes. Nine ribotype patterns were noted among the 76 isolates studied, including 4 among serotype Ia/c and 4 additional ribotypes among serotype III isolates. Epidemiologically related isolates (e.g., mother-infant or twin-twin pairs) had identical REAC and ribotype patterns. Epidemiologically unrelated isolates with the same ribotype usually had different REAC patterns, suggesting that REAC may be a more sensitive technique for strain differentiation. REAC and ribotyping were reproducible and proved to be successful molecular epidemiologic methods for subtyping GBS. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP BLUMBERG, HM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 166 IS 3 BP 574 EP 579 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK029 UT WOS:A1992JK02900018 PM 1380050 ER PT J AU FIERER, J KRAUSE, M TAUXE, R GUINEY, D AF FIERER, J KRAUSE, M TAUXE, R GUINEY, D TI SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM BACTEREMIA - ASSOCIATION WITH THE VIRULENCE PLASMID SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DUBLIN; INFECTION; PSDL2; MICE; SEROTYPES; SEQUENCES; STRAINS AB Virulence plasmids, which are found in a small number of Salmonella serotypes, greatly enhance the extraintestinal growth of salmonellae and lower the LD50 by 2-5 logs in experimental murine infections. To determine if virulence plasmids are important in the pathogenesis of Salmonella bacteremia in humans, blood and fecal isolates of Salmonella typhimurium from California were examined for the presence of a virulence plasmid. Colony blots were done using a labeled probe made from the highly conserved EcoRI fragment of the Salmonella dublin virulence plasmid. A total of 42% of the fecal and 76% of the blood isolates hybridized with the probe. This is the first evidence that the virulence plasmid is important in the pathogenesis of Salmonella bacteremia in humans. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FIERER, J (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT 111F,3350 LA JOLLA VILLAGE DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92161, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-35108] NR 19 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 166 IS 3 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK029 UT WOS:A1992JK02900031 PM 1500749 ER PT J AU QUICK, R PAUGH, K ADDISS, D KOBAYASHI, J BARON, R AF QUICK, R PAUGH, K ADDISS, D KOBAYASHI, J BARON, R TI RESTAURANT-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAK OF GIARDIASIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LAMBLIA AB An outbreak of giardiasis occurred among staff of a job training center after a meeting at a restaurant. Twenty-seven (75%) of 36 attendees became ill compared with 1 (3%) of 31 staff members not attending (relative risk, 23.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-161.4). Because most attendees ate all items on a fixed menu, no individual food item could be conclusively associated with illness. Circumstantial evidence suggests, however, that ice contaminated by a food handler may have been the vehicle. The restaurant had multiple sanitary violations, and 2 employees, 1 with asymptomatic giardiasis and the other with a Giardia-infected, diapered child, served ice to the attendees. This outbreak demonstrates the potential for restaurant-based giardiasis outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GRANT CTY HLTH DIST,EPHRATA,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 166 IS 3 BP 673 EP 676 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JK029 UT WOS:A1992JK02900040 PM 1500757 ER PT J AU ATTFIELD, MD WAGNER, GR AF ATTFIELD, MD WAGNER, GR TI A REPORT ON A WORKSHOP ON THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY AND HEALTH B READER CERTIFICATION PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID READINGS AB In September 1990, a 2-day workshop was held in Chicago to discuss the current status of the NIOSH B reader certification program and to suggest modifications and improvements. This is a summary report of the proceedings of that conference. RP ATTFIELD, MD (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CDC,EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 875 EP 878 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN422 UT WOS:A1992JN42200007 PM 1447591 ER PT J AU WAGNER, GR ATTFIELD, MD KENNEDY, RD PARKER, JE AF WAGNER, GR ATTFIELD, MD KENNEDY, RD PARKER, JE TI THE NIOSH B READER CERTIFICATION PROGRAM - AN UPDATE REPORT SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; READINGS AB Physicians trained in the use of the International Labour Office system for classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses who pass a competence test administered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are designated as B readers. The current certification and recertification examinations for qualification under the NIOSH B reader program are described. Details of the rationale and format of each examination are given, and information on candidates' scores provided for the years 1987-1990. C1 NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CDC,EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 879 EP 884 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN422 UT WOS:A1992JN42200008 PM 1447592 ER PT J AU SURUDA, A SMITH, L AF SURUDA, A SMITH, L TI WORK-RELATED ELECTROCUTIONS INVOLVING PORTABLE POWER TOOLS AND APPLIANCES SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AB Portable power tools and appliances can be identified as the source of injury in approximately 9% of occupational electrocutions. A search of fatality records for 1984 through 1986 in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data bases identified 102 electrocutions involving portable appliances and tools that used 110-volt AC and 33 deaths involving welding equipment, which usually operates on 220-volt AC or higher. Of these 102 deaths, 51 occurred in the construction industry, 13 in services, 13 in manufacturing, and 25 in other industries. Plumbing contractors (Standard Industrial Classification [SIC] 1711) had the largest number of deaths (15) in construction. Powered hand-tools were involved in 58 deaths, with electric drills (23) and saws (13) the two largest classes. Proper provision of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection, particularly al temporary work sites, could have prevented most of the deaths from 110-volt AC Engineering controls for preventing electrocution from portable arc-welding equipment should be evaluated. RP SURUDA, A (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CDC,TRAUMA INVEST SECT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 887 EP 892 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN422 UT WOS:A1992JN42200010 PM 1447594 ER PT J AU MOSS, DM VISVESVARA, GS MATHEWS, HM WARE, DA AF MOSS, DM VISVESVARA, GS MATHEWS, HM WARE, DA TI ISOENZYME COMPARISON OF AXENIC GIARDIA-LAMBLIA STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROTOZOAN; ZYMOGRAM ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIVITY; CULTIVATION; NAEGLERIA; HUMANS; FECES; DNA AB We obtained isoenzyme patterns by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PGGE) of water-soluble protein fractions prepared from trophozoites of 11 axenic G. lamblia strains. The strains were isolated from animals and humans (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) from various geographic locations. Isoenzymes were also separated by isoelectric focusing. Of 12 enzymes attempted, eight exhibited well-defined and reproducible isoenzyme patterns by PGGE, based on which the strains were grouped into four zymodemes. Although the 11 strains were grouped into four zymodemes based on PGGE, no correlation between zymodeme and the known characteristics of the strains existed. Thus, a high degree of characteristic sharing appears to occur among genetically different G. lamblia strains. RP MOSS, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 39 IS 5 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04851.x PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JP207 UT WOS:A1992JP20700004 PM 1522537 ER PT J AU MOURA, H WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS AF MOURA, H WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS TI ACANTHAMOEBA-HEALYI N-SP AND THE ISOENZYME AND IMMUNOBLOT PROFILES OF ACANTHAMOEBA SPP, GROUPS-1 AND GROUP-3 SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; SDS-PAGGE; TAXONOMY; ZYMODEMES ID GENUS ACANTHAMOEBA; INFECTIONS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NAEGLERIA; TAXONOMY; HUMANS; AMEBA AB Two strains of Acanthamoeba isolated from human brain tissue and a strain of Acanthamoeba isolated from a fish were compared with 10 species of Acanthamoeba belonging to groups 1, 2 and 3 based on their isoenzyme profiles and antigenic characteristics. A total of 12 enzymes were studied. The isoenzymes and antigens were electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gradient gels, and the patterns obtained were compared after appropriate staining for particular enzymes and reactivities with homologous and heterologous rabbit anti-Acanthamoeba antisera. One of the human strains (CDC: 1283:V013) was identified as A. healyi n. sp. because of its unique isoenzyme profiles for 11 of the 12 enzymes tested. The other human isolate was reidentified as A. culbertsoni because its isoenzyme profiles for 10 of 12 enzymes resembled those of A. culbertsoni, Lilly A-1 strain. Since the isoenzyme profiles and the antigenic patterns of the fish isolate as well were remarkably similar to those of A. royreba, it was considered as a strain of A. royreba. Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis appears to be a power-ful technique for the study of isoenzymes and antigens of Acanthamoeba. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MS-F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO,FAC CIENCIAS MED,DEPT PATOL & LABS,RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 39 IS 5 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04853.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JP207 UT WOS:A1992JP20700006 PM 1522539 ER PT J AU SANTELLI, JS BEILENSON, P AF SANTELLI, JS BEILENSON, P TI RISK-FACTORS FOR ADOLESCENT SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR, FERTILITY, AND SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; UNITED-STATES; UNMARRIED ADOLESCENTS; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; BLACK-ADOLESCENTS; 1ST INTERCOURSE; PEER INFLUENCE; PREGNANCY; FAMILY; TEENAGERS AB Current understanding of the risk factors related to adolescent initiation of sexual activity, use of contraception, pregnancy, and STDs is examined. From recent research on adolescent fertility, findings that have particular relevance to school health or reflect new understandings of adolescent sexuality are summarized. In selected cases, prevention programs that build directly on an understanding of these risk factors are cited. C1 BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,SCH & ADOLESCENT HLTH SERV,BALTIMORE,MD. RP SANTELLI, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 79 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 62 IS 7 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR628 UT WOS:A1992JR62800004 PM 1434553 ER PT J AU ADES, EW HIERHOLZER, JC GEORGE, V BLACK, J CANDAL, F AF ADES, EW HIERHOLZER, JC GEORGE, V BLACK, J CANDAL, F TI VIRAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; VIRAL SUSCEPTIBILITY ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; DETECTOR ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; T-CELLS; VIRUS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; INFECTION; ADHESION AB CDC/EU.HMEC-1 is the first immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line that retains morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of a normal human microvascular endothelial cell. This study evaluates a variety of viruses and their effects on this human endothelial cell line. The data indicate that adenoviruses, some herpesviruses, reoviruses and most picorna-viruses grow well in HMEC-1, with distinctive cytopathic effects. The paramyxoviruses, however, do not appear to propagate, nor does HIV. The findings indicate that microvascular endothelial cells may act as a reservoir of these viruses; it also suggests the possibility that microvascular endothelium could be involved in the processing and presentation of antigen to immune cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ADES, EW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,1-3205 D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90127-Y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JQ073 UT WOS:A1992JQ07300008 PM 1430067 ER PT J AU THORNER, A JOHANSSON, ME HIERHOLZER, JC AF THORNER, A JOHANSSON, ME HIERHOLZER, JC TI RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE PATTERNS OF ADENOVIRUS-TYPE-12 AND TYPE-18 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ADENOVIRUS TYPE-12; ADENOVIRUS TYPE-18; ADENOVIRUS TYPE-31; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE PATTERN; GENOMIC CLUSTER; DNA VARIANT ID ENTERIC ADENOVIRUS-40; GENOME TYPES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS AB Restriction endonuclease analysis using 10 restriction enzymes was performed on six and three wild isolates of adenovirus (Ad) type 12 and 18, respectively. Among the Ad12 strains, five DNA variants could be identified. The degree of pairwise comigration of restriction fragments suggests a high degree of genomic diversity within Ad12. The wild isolates of Ad18, on the other hand, displayed a low degree of genetic variability and comprised one DNA variant closely related to the prototype strain. The BglII, BstEII, and HindIII restriction endonuclease patterns of Ad18 were inconsistent with those originally presented. Identical RE-patterns among Ad18 prototype strains (DC) obtained from four different sources, including directly from the American Type Culture Collection, verify that the genuine Ad18 prototype was used in the present study. Using the revised restriction patterns of BglII, BstEII, and HindIII, a proper identification of Ad18 will be facilitated. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,VIROL SECT,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 1992 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90129-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JQ073 UT WOS:A1992JQ07300010 PM 1331143 ER PT J AU GERBER, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ SAMPLINER, RE MARGOLIS, HS JUDSON, FN MINAREK, S SCHOMER, K SHAHAN, M RECTOR, W MALLORY, A ALEXANDER, WJ FLEENOR, M HILL, S COLEMAN, S SHAW, J CUSIMANO, S PIN, YH PIXLEY, BR MCRAE, P MARES, A WINEGAR, C MOTTRAM, K WAGONFELD, J AF GERBER, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ SAMPLINER, RE MARGOLIS, HS JUDSON, FN MINAREK, S SCHOMER, K SHAHAN, M RECTOR, W MALLORY, A ALEXANDER, WJ FLEENOR, M HILL, S COLEMAN, S SHAW, J CUSIMANO, S PIN, YH PIXLEY, BR MCRAE, P MARES, A WINEGAR, C MOTTRAM, K WAGONFELD, J TI HISTOPATHOLOGY OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; BILE DUCT DAMAGE ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TERM FOLLOW-UP; SPORADIC NON-A; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES AB As part of a study of community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis, liver biopsy specimens of 29 anti-HCV positive and four anti-HCV negative patients were evaluated in order to characterize the histopathologic changes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver biopsies were performed 6 to 46 mo after onset of the disease and repeat biopsies were obtained in 10 anti-HCV positive patients. The histologic diagnoses were chronic persistent hepatitis (45%), chronic active hepatitis (35%), and chronic lobular hepatitis (21%). Irrespective of the tissue diagnosis, the majority of the patients showed characteristic histologic abnormalities in the liver, particularly damage of the small and medium-sized bile ducts (76%), lymphoid aggregates in portal tracts (45%), enlarged macrophages (48%), and steatosis (31%). In 59% of the patients, two or more of these histologic abnormalities were combined. Similar histologic changes have previously been observed in non-A, non-B hepatitis, but only uncommonly in hepatitis A or hepatitis B. We conclude that the histopathologic findings in chronic hepatitis C are highly characteristic, although not pathognomonic. The liver biopsy findings of bile duct abnormalities and lymphoid aggregates in portal tracts, particularly in combination, strongly suggest the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,TUCSON,AZ 85724. VET ADM MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85723. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. JEFFERSON CTY DEPT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL. TACOMA PIERCE CTY DEPT HLTH,TACOMA,WA. RP GERBER, MA (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,1430 TULANE AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-85-1001] NR 26 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA JP049 UT WOS:A1992JP04900002 PM 1344809 ER PT J AU BERISH, SA CHEN, CY MIETZNER, TA MORSE, SA AF BERISH, SA CHEN, CY MIETZNER, TA MORSE, SA TI EXPRESSION OF A FUNCTIONAL NEISSERIAL FBP GENE IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-REGULATED PROTEIN; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; BINDING-PROTEIN; OUTER MEMBRANE; GONORRHOEAE; MENINGITIDIS; TRANSFERRIN; TRANSPORT; IDENTIFICATION; LACTOFERRIN AB The ability to acquire iron from a human host is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. Pathogenic Neisseria spp. do not synthesize siderophores and instead express a receptor-mediated, high-affinity iron acquisition system in the iron-restricted environment of its host. A ferric-iron-binding protein (Fbp) of Neisseria spp. is also iron-regulated and may play a central role in this novel iron-uptake system. To define the physical properties of Fbp further, we used polymerase chain reaction to synthesize DNA fragments containing the fbp structural gene with and without the sequence encoding the Fbp leader peptide. These fragments were ligated into pUC13 to create in-frame fusions with the alpha peptide of lacZ. The expression of Fbp was under the control of the lacZ promoter. Both fusion clones produced Fbp in large amounts, facilitating the purification of quantities of Fbp sufficient for elucidating the biochemical, immunologic, and functional properties of this protein. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 18 BP 2607 EP 2615 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01438.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA JP271 UT WOS:A1992JP27100008 PM 1447971 ER PT J AU PERKINS, BA TONDELLA, MLC BORTOLOTTO, IM TAKANO, OA DASILVA, GA IRINO, K BRANDILEONE, MCD HARRISON, LH WENGER, JD BROOME, CV NETO, BM ZANELLA, RC VIEIRA, VSD WALDMAN, EA MELLES, CEA ALVES, JCM HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM REEVES, MW BIBB, WF SWAMINATHAN, B BRENNER, DJ AF PERKINS, BA TONDELLA, MLC BORTOLOTTO, IM TAKANO, OA DASILVA, GA IRINO, K BRANDILEONE, MCD HARRISON, LH WENGER, JD BROOME, CV NETO, BM ZANELLA, RC VIEIRA, VSD WALDMAN, EA MELLES, CEA ALVES, JCM HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM REEVES, MW BIBB, WF SWAMINATHAN, B BRENNER, DJ TI COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ORAL RIFAMPIN AND TOPICAL CHLORAMPHENICOL IN ERADICATING CONJUNCTIVAL CARRIAGE OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CONJUNCTIVITIS; BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER; RIFAMPIN ID BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; B DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Persistent conjunctival carriage of the Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae) strain (BPF clone) responsible for Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) has been documented. Topical chloramphenicol is routinely used to treat conjunctivitis in areas affected by BPF in Brazil. Although the BPF clone is susceptible to chloramphenicol, we observed a number of children treated with topical chloramphenicol for conjunctivitis who still developed BPF. During an investigation of an outbreak of BPF in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, we compared oral rifampin (20 mg/kg/day for 4 days) with topical chloramphenicol for eradication of conjunctival carriage of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius among children with presumed BPF clone conjunctivitis. Conjunctival samples were taken for culture on the day treatment was initiated and a mean of 8 and 21 days later. At 8 days the eradication rates for oral rifampin and topical chloramphenicol were 100 and 44%, respectively (P = 0.003); at 21 days they were 100 and 50% (P = 0.01). Oral rifampin was more effective than topical chloramphenicol for eradication of the BPF clone and may be useful in prevention of BPF. C1 MATO GROSSO STATE DEPT HLTH,GUIABA,MATO GROSSO,BRAZIL. FED UNIV MATO GROSSO,CUIABA,MATO GROSSO,BRAZIL. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. SAO PAULO STATE DEPT HLTH,ADOLFO LUTZ INST,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. SAO PAULO STATE DEPT HLTH,CTR EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP PERKINS, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 11 IS 9 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1097/00006454-199209000-00009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JN203 UT WOS:A1992JN20300008 PM 1448311 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN BENSON, JD LIEN, E THEUER, RC CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J DANIELS, PN HARRIS, SS HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, AE YIP, R LAUER, RM AF KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN BENSON, JD LIEN, E THEUER, RC CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J DANIELS, PN HARRIS, SS HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, AE YIP, R LAUER, RM TI STATEMENT ON CHOLESTEROL SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BOGALUSA HEART; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN; CHILDREN; DIETARY; HISTORY C1 BUR NUTR SCI,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. INT LIFE SCI INST,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL INST DIABETES DIGEST & KIDNEY DIS,BETHESDA,MD. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. AMER DIETET ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JM412 UT WOS:A1992JM41200030 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, MB FLEMING, PL OXTOBY, MJ AF CALDWELL, MB FLEMING, PL OXTOBY, MJ TI ESTIMATED NUMBER OF AIDS ORPHANS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; WOMEN; HIV RP CALDWELL, MB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PEDIAT & FAMILY STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 482 EP 482 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JM412 UT WOS:A1992JM41200045 PM 1518720 ER PT J AU KOONIN, EV GORBALENYA, AE PURDY, MA ROZANOV, MN REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW AF KOONIN, EV GORBALENYA, AE PURDY, MA ROZANOV, MN REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW TI COMPUTER-ASSISTED ASSIGNMENT OF FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS IN THE NONSTRUCTURAL POLYPROTEIN OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS - DELINEATION OF AN ADDITIONAL GROUP OF POSITIVE-STRAND RNA PLANT AND ANIMAL VIRUSES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE; RNA HELICASE; PROTEASE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; POLYPROTEIN ORGANIZATION ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; SINDBIS VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; PUTATIVE HELICASES; SERINE PROTEASES; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME AB Computer-assisted comparison of the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) with proteins of other positive-strand RNA viruses allowed the identification of the following putative functional domains: (i) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, (ii) RNA helicase, (iii) methyltransferase, (iv) a domain of unknown function ("X" domain) flanking the papain-like protease domains in the polyproteins of animal positive-strand RNA viruses, and (v) papain-like cysteine protease domain distantly related to the putative papain-like protease of rubella virus (RubV). Comparative analysis of the polymerase and helicase sequences of positive-strand RNA viruses belonging to the so-called "alpha-like" supergroup revealed grouping between HEV, RubV, and beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), a plant furovirus. Two additional domains have been identified: one showed significant conservation between HEV, RubV, and BNYVV, and the other showed conservation specifically between HEV and RubV. The large nonstructural proteins of HEV, RubV, and BNYVV retained similar domain organization, with the exceptions of relocation of the putative protease domain in HEV as compared to RubV and the absence of the protease and X domains in BNYVV. These observations show that HEV, RubV, and BNYVV encompass partially conserved arrays of distinctive putative functional domains, suggesting that these viruses constitute a distinct monophyletic group within the alpha-like supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses. C1 ACAD SCI MOSCOW,INST MICROBIOL,117811 MOSCOW,USSR. ACAD MED SCI MOSCOW,INST POLIOMYEL & VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES,142782 MOSCOW,USSR. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ACAD SCI MOSCOW,INST MOLEC BIOL,MOSCOW,USSR. GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA 95064. RI Gorbalenya, Alexander/J-4818-2012 OI Gorbalenya, Alexander/0000-0002-4967-7341 NR 34 TC 260 Z9 272 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 17 BP 8259 EP 8263 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8259 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL614 UT WOS:A1992JL61400086 PM 1518855 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT AF KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT TI NEEDS ARISING FROM LOWERING THE LIMIT VALUES SO STAUB REINHALTUNG DER LUFT LA English DT Article AB Over the past years, the needs of the occupational safety and health community in the United States have been changing. After the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, needs for sampling and analytical methods and standardization in procedures were emphasized. A major effort to address these needs was embodied by the joint National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standards Completion Program. Under this program, sampling and analytical methods for nearly 400 compounds were developed, as well as an experimental protocol for methods evaluation that is still in use today. Several years ago, the evaluation protocol was supplemented with specific evaluation experiments to address the performance characteristics of passive sampling devices. Recently, the trend toward lower exposure limit values has necessitated the evaluation of existing sampling and analytical methods at lower concentrations and the development of new methods. To address this need, the original sampling and analytical method evaluation protocol is being revised. In anticipation of further reduction of the exposure limit values, future needs are being projected. RP KENNEDY, ER (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0039-0771 J9 STAUB REINHALT LUFT JI Staub Reinhalt. Luft PD SEP PY 1992 VL 52 IS 9 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JM131 UT WOS:A1992JM13100001 ER PT J AU MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ AF MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ TI COCAINE AND SINGLE VENTRICLE - A POPULATION STUDY SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; ABUSE AB A recent case report by Shepard et al. (Teratology 43:113-117, 1991) suggested that single ventricle may result from maternal cocaine ingestion by inducing coronary occlusion in the developing fetal heart. We used data from the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study and the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) to investigate the role of maternal cocaine ingestion in the induction of single ventricles. We identified through the MACDP 58 case infants with a single ventricle, 27 who were study subjects in the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study, and 31 who were not. We conducted a case-control study with the 27 Atlanta Birth Defects Case Control Study infants, frequency-matched to control infants by race, hospital of birth, and calendar quarter of birth. None of the 27 case infants were exposed to cocaine during early pregnancy, but 7 (0.43%) of the control infants were exposed during early pregnancy. Using MACDP data, we conducted an analysis of trends for prevalence of single ventricle in the metropolitan area. No upward trend in single ventricle was detected for 1968 through 1990. Our data suggest that even if maternal cocaine ingestion during pregnancy is a cause of single ventricle, most cases appear to be unrelated to this exposure. RP MARTIN, ML (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460310 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA JJ567 UT WOS:A1992JJ56700009 PM 1523584 ER PT J AU MVONDO, JL JAMES, MA SULZER, AJ CAMPBELL, CC AF MVONDO, JL JAMES, MA SULZER, AJ CAMPBELL, CC TI MALARIA AND PREGNANCY IN CAMEROONIAN WOMEN - NATURALLY ACQUIRED ANTIBODY-RESPONSES TO ASEXUAL BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS AND THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; PREVALENCE; REACTIVITY; PARASITES; AFRICA; AREA AB Antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in women during pregnancy were investigated in Mfou, a rural community in Cameroon. The study consisted of cross-sectional analyses involving 225 pregnant women and 75 non-pregnant controls. Blood samples were collected from each woman to determine serological reactivity to intraerythrocytic malarial antigens, ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) and circumsporozoite (CS) repeat peptide (NANP)5 by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, modified immunofluorescent antibody assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Reactivity to intraerythrocytic asexual blood-stage antigens and to the CS repeat region was similar in both pregnant and non-pregnant women, and no correlation with parasitaemia was found. In contrast, anti-RESA antibody levels were significantly lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women (P=0.02) and in primigravidae than in multigravidae (P=0.002), and were inversely correlated with parasitaemia (r=-0.36; P<0.01). These data suggest that the increased susceptibility to malarial infection in pregnant women may be explained in part by their lower reactivity to RESA. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. INST MED RES & STUDY MED PLANTS,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 86 IS 5 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90080-V PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JX432 UT WOS:A1992JX43200012 PM 1475812 ER PT J AU KIM, DM BRECHER, ME BLAND, LA ESTES, TJ MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM CARMEN, RA NELSON, EJ AF KIM, DM BRECHER, ME BLAND, LA ESTES, TJ MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM CARMEN, RA NELSON, EJ TI PRESTORAGE REMOVAL OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA FROM RED-CELLS WITH WHITE CELL-REDUCTION FILTERS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUOUS-FLOW CENTRIFUGATION; HISTAMINE LEVELS; BLOOD; STORAGE; TRANSFUSION; BACTEREMIA; GROWTH AB Prestorage removal of phagocytic white cells (WBCs) may increase the survivability of contaminating bacteria in units of stored red cells. Fourteen units of whole blood were inoculated with 65 colony-forming units per mL of Yersinia enterocolitica (serotype O:3) and processed into AS-3-preserved red cells. Five red cell units were filtered with a prototype third-generation filter and five red cell units with a second generation filter. WBC reduction was performed on the day of collection. Four red cell units were not filtered. Three noninoculated whole blood units served as negative controls; two were filtered (one with each type of WBC-reduction filter) and one remained unfiltered. All red cell units were then stored at 4-degrees-C for 42 days. One of the five filtered red cell units (20%) in each filter group supported growth of Y. enterocolitica. In contrast, 4 (100%) of 4 unfiltered inoculated red cell units had growth (p = 0.04). Overall, 2 (20%) of 10 units of WBC-reduced red cells supported the growth of Y. enterocolitica, as compared to 100 percent of unfiltered red cell units after inoculation (p = 0.015). Bacterial contamination was not detected in any of the three noninoculated units. It can be concluded that prestorage WBC filtration significantly reduces the potential for growth of Y. enterocolitica in red cells stored at 4-degrees-C for 42 days. C1 MILES INC,BLOOD MANAGEMENT SYST,BERKELEY,CA. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,TRANSFUS MED SECT,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 38 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1992 VL 32 IS 7 BP 658 EP 662 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32792391041.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JM761 UT WOS:A1992JM76100013 PM 1381532 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, JC GOLDSMITH, CS TAMIN, A REGNERY, RL REGNERY, DC ESPOSITO, JJ AF KNIGHT, JC GOLDSMITH, CS TAMIN, A REGNERY, RL REGNERY, DC ESPOSITO, JJ TI FURTHER ANALYSES OF THE ORTHOPOXVIRUSES VOLEPOX VIRUS AND RACCOON POXVIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRIC-FIELDS; A-TYPE INCLUSION; VACCINIA VIRUS; COWPOX VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ALPHA-AMANITIN; DNA-MOLECULES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 190 IS 1 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91228-M PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA JL549 UT WOS:A1992JL54900043 PM 1529541 ER PT J AU CAVALLARO, KF ESPOSITO, JJ AF CAVALLARO, KF ESPOSITO, JJ TI SEQUENCES OF THE RACCOON POXVIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VACCINIA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE; FUSION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 190 IS 1 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91229-N PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA JL549 UT WOS:A1992JL54900044 PM 1529542 ER PT J AU JIANG, BM TSUNEMITSU, H GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI GREEN, KY QIAN, Y SAIF, LJ AF JIANG, BM TSUNEMITSU, H GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI GREEN, KY QIAN, Y SAIF, LJ TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF GENE-5 ENCODING THE INNER CAPSID PROTEIN (VP6) OF BOVINE GROUP-C ROTAVIRUS - COMPARISON WITH CORRESPONDING GENES OF GROUP-C, GROUP-A, AND GROUP-B ROTAVIRUSES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYPEPTIDES; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; CLONING C1 HOKKAIDO PREFECTURAL SHINTOKU ANIM HUSBANDRY EXPT STN,SHINTO KU,HOKKAIDO 081,JAPAN. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP JIANG, BM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [YO2-AI-90002-02] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 190 IS 1 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91250-X PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA JL549 UT WOS:A1992JL54900065 PM 1326819 ER PT J AU HUMMEL, KB MARTIN, ML AUPERIN, DD AF HUMMEL, KB MARTIN, ML AUPERIN, DD TI BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION OF THE GLYCOPROTEIN GENE OF LASSA VIRUS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BACULOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; LASSA VIRUS; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; INSECT CELLS; FEVER; EPITOPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROTECTION; INFECTION; VECTOR; LEVEL AB A recombinant baculovirus was constructed that expresses the glycoprotein gene of Lassa virus (Josiah strain) under the transcriptional control of the polyhedrin promoter. The expressed protein (B-LSGPC) comigrated with the authentic viral glycoprotein as observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), was reactive with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in Western blots, and was glycosylated. Although the recombinant protein was not processed into the mature glycoproteins, G1 and G2, it demonstrated reactivity with all known epitopes as measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and it was immunogenic, eliciting antisera in rabbits that recognized whole virus in IFAs. Regarding future applications to diagnostic assays, the recombinant glycoprotein proved to be an effective substitute for Lassa virus-infected mammalian cells in IFAs and it was able to distinguish sera from several human cases of Lassa fever, against a panel of known negative sera of African origin, in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90101-E PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA JN652 UT WOS:A1992JN65200007 PM 1413995 ER PT J AU SAVARIT, D DECOCK, KM SCHUTZ, R KONATE, S LACKRITZ, E BONDURAND, A AF SAVARIT, D DECOCK, KM SCHUTZ, R KONATE, S LACKRITZ, E BONDURAND, A TI RISK OF HIV-INFECTION FROM TRANSFUSION WITH BLOOD NEGATIVE FOR HIV ANTIBODY IN A WEST AFRICAN CITY SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; AIDS AB Objective-To estimate the risk of infection with HIV (HIV 1 or HIV 2, or both) from transfusion of a screened unit of blood in a high prevalence area in west Africa. Design-Retrospective cohort study for january-July 1991. Setting-National Blood Transfusion Centre, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Subjects-Repeat donors (5831 units of blood) and first time donors (5076 units) in the first five months of 1991. Main outcome measures-Prevalence and estimated incidence of HIV infection in repeat and first time donors; estimated rate of potentially infected, HIV antibody negative units; and rate of (false negative) potentially infected units assuming a laboratory test sensitivity of 99%. Results-Overall HIV prevalence was 11.0% in first time donors and 2.1% in repeat donors. In the first seven months of 1991, 29 HIV antibody positive (27 HIV 1, 1 HIV 2, 1 dually reactive) donors with a seronegative unit of blood earlier in the year were identified; 26 had donated blood eight weeks or less before their estimated dates of seroconversion and may have been infectious (minimum rate 26/5831 (4-5/1000 potentially infected units)). Estimated incidence of infection in repeat donors was 1.2-2.5%. Laboratory test insensitivity would result in an estimated 1.1/1000 false negative units from first time donors and 0.211000 units from regular donors. The overall rate of potentially infected units (all donors, seroconversions, and errors) was estimated at 5.4-10.6/1000. Conclusions-The risk of HIV infection from a single unit of blood remains substantial (5.4-10.6/1000 units). To prevent infection from blood transfusion in areas of high incidence and prevalence of HIV all but absolutely essential transfusions should be avoided, and donors with low incidence of HIV infection should be selected. C1 CTR NATL TRANSFUS SANGUINE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD AUG 29 PY 1992 VL 305 IS 6852 BP 498 EP 502 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL609 UT WOS:A1992JL60900016 PM 1327367 ER PT J AU LACKRITZ, EM CAMPBELL, CC RUEBUSH, TK HIGHTOWER, AW WAKUBE, W STEKETEE, RW WERE, JBO AF LACKRITZ, EM CAMPBELL, CC RUEBUSH, TK HIGHTOWER, AW WAKUBE, W STEKETEE, RW WERE, JBO TI EFFECT OF BLOOD-TRANSFUSION ON SURVIVAL AMONG CHILDREN IN A KENYAN HOSPITAL SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HIV; KINSHASA; ZAIRE; SEROPOSITIVITY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; AFRICA; TRENDS AB In Africa, blood transfusions are frequently given to treat severe paediatric anaemia. Because of the risk of HIV transmission, identification of when transfusion will reduce the risk of death for severely anaemic children has become increasingly important. For all children admitted to a Kenyan hospital from October, 1989, to October, 1990, we collected data on clinical presentation, haemoglobin (Hb), receipt of transfusion, and in-hospital survival. Of 2433 admissions, 29% (684) had severe anaemia (Hb<5.0 g/dl), and 20% (483) received blood transfusions. Based on laboratory criteria only, children with Hb<3.9 g/dl who were transfused had lower mortality than those with Hb<3.9 g/dl who were not transfused, but this finding applied only to children transfused on the day of admission (odds ratio [OR] 0.30; 95% CI 0.14, 0.61) or the day after admission (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14, 1.00). Based on a combination of laboratory and clinical criteria, children with clinical signs of respiratory distress and Hb<4.7 g/dl who were transfused had lower mortality than those who were not (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.09, 0.41). Among children without respiratory distress, there was no association between receipt of transfusion and mortality, irrespective of admission Hb. The frequency of blood transfusion can be reduced and survival enhanced by targeting blood to those children with severe anaemia and clinical signs of respiratory distress, and by using transfusion early in the course of hospitalisation. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP LACKRITZ, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MS F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 187 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 29 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8818 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91719-O PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL234 UT WOS:A1992JL23400012 PM 1354285 ER PT J AU REGNERY, R MARTIN, M OLSON, J AF REGNERY, R MARTIN, M OLSON, J TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION IN DOMESTIC CAT SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR FELINE MED & SURG,STONE MT,GA. RP REGNERY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 29 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8818 BP 557 EP 558 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91760-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JL234 UT WOS:A1992JL23400047 PM 1354314 ER PT J AU FRENCH, G PAVLICK, A FELSEN, A GROSS, P BROOK, J PAUL, S GENESE, C AF FRENCH, G PAVLICK, A FELSEN, A GROSS, P BROOK, J PAUL, S GENESE, C TI OUTBREAK OF TYPE-E BOTULISM ASSOCIATED WITH AN UNEVISCERATED, SALT-CURED FISH PRODUCT - NEW-JERSEY, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 521-522, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INTERNATIONAL OUTBREAK C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV EMERGENCY & EPIDEMIOL OPERAT,NEWARK,NJ. US FDA,OFF REG OPERAT,NEWARK DIST OFF,NEWARK,NJ. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FRENCH, G (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 8 BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JK129 UT WOS:A1992JK12900007 ER PT J AU BROWN, R COREA, J LUCE, B ELIXHAUSER, A SHEINGOLD, S AF BROWN, R COREA, J LUCE, B ELIXHAUSER, A SHEINGOLD, S TI ESTIMATED NATIONAL SPENDING ON DISEASE AND INJURY PREVENTION - UNITED-STATES, 1988 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 529-531, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP BROWN, R (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,MED TECHNOL & POLICY RES CTR,ARLINGTON,VA 22217, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 8 BP 969 EP 970 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JK129 UT WOS:A1992JK12900010 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SMITH, SJ SCHLANT, RC AF COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SMITH, SJ SCHLANT, RC TI DIETARY OAT FIBER SOURCES AND BLOOD-LIPIDS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 8 BP 986 EP 986 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JK129 UT WOS:A1992JK12900020 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM ORTIZ, DI AUERBACH, SB FALK, H AF PHILEN, RM ORTIZ, DI AUERBACH, SB FALK, H TI SURVEY OF ADVERTISING FOR NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IN HEALTH AND BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; L-TRYPTOPHAN AB The use of food supplements by the general public is poorly quantified, and little information on this subject is available in the medical literature. We surveyed 12 recent issues of popular health and bodybuilding magazines (1) to quantify the number of advertisements for food supplements, the number of products advertised, and the number and type of ingredients in these products; (2) to identify the purported health benefits of these products; and (3) as a preliminary effort to identify areas for future research. We counted 89 brands, 311 products, and 235 unique ingredients, the most frequent of which were unspecified amino acids; the most frequently promoted health benefit was muscle growth. We also found many unusual or unidentifiable ingredients, and 22.2% of the products had no ingredients listed in their advertisements. Health professionals may not be aware of how popular food supplements are or of a particular supplement's potential effects or side effects. In addition, patients may be reluctant to discuss their use of these products with traditional medical practitioners. We recommend that routine history taking include specific questions about patients' use of food supplements and that any possible adverse effects or side effects be reported to public health authorities. C1 UNIV TURABO,DEPT CIENCIAS & TECHNOL,UNIV STN,PR. RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 8 BP 1008 EP 1011 DI 10.1001/jama.268.8.1008 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JK129 UT WOS:A1992JK12900026 PM 1501305 ER PT J AU MACKENZIE, WR DAVIS, JP PETERSON, DE HIBBARD, AJ BECKER, G ZARVAN, BS AF MACKENZIE, WR DAVIS, JP PETERSON, DE HIBBARD, AJ BECKER, G ZARVAN, BS TI MULTIPLE FALSE-POSITIVE SEROLOGIC TESTS FOR HIV, HTLV-1, AND HEPATITIS-C FOLLOWING INFLUENZA VACCINATION, 1991 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Objective.-(1) To assess factors associated with the occurrence of multiple false-positive viral enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among individual blood donors and (2) to determine the frequency and time course of this phenomenon. Design.-Case-control study. Setting.-A regional blood center. Participants.-Blood donors found to have multiple false-positive viral ELISAs (case donors) and randomly selected seronegative controls (control donors) who donated between October 31, 1991, and December 15, 1991. An additional random sample of 262 donation records was reviewed to calculate the proportion of donors who received influenza vaccine. Main Outcome Measures.-Multiple false-positive viral ELISAs, receipt of influenza vaccination formulated for the 1991-1992 influenza season, and follow-up ELISA results on serum samples obtained from case donors. Results.-Among 17941 donors, 10 case donors were identified. Nine of the 10 case donors received influenza vaccine, compared with three of 30 control donors (odds ratio [OR]=81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 3670; P<.001). Among nine case donors, the mean time between vaccination and blood donation was 26 days (range, 9 to 68 days). Follow-up ELISAs of serum samples from seven case donors obtained 52 to 130 days (mean, 75 days) after vaccination demonstrated reversion to HIV and HTLV-1 seronegativity in all but one specimen, with persistence of positive HCV ELISAs in four specimens. We estimate between 0.6% and 1.7% of blood donors who received influenza vaccine this season had multiple false-positive viral ELISAs. Conclusions.-The occurrence of multiple false-positive viral ELISAs among blood donors was associated with influenza vaccination, but was infrequent among vaccinees. This phenomenon is of short duration for HIV and HTLV-1, but may persist longer for HCV. We recommend influenza vaccinees not be deferred from blood donation. Blood donors with multiple false-positive viral ELISAs should be considered for future reentry as blood donors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,BADGER REG,MADISON,WI. RP MACKENZIE, WR (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,1400 & WASHINGTON AVE,ROOM 96,MADISON,WI 53703, USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 5 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1017 DI 10.1001/jama.268.8.1015 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JK129 UT WOS:A1992JK12900028 PM 1501307 ER PT J AU MILNE, A KRUGMAN, S WALDON, JA HADLER, SC LUCAS, CR MOYES, CD PEARCE, NE AF MILNE, A KRUGMAN, S WALDON, JA HADLER, SC LUCAS, CR MOYES, CD PEARCE, NE TI HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION IN CHILDREN - 5 YEAR BOOSTER STUDY SO NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; NEWBORN AB Aim: to demonstrate that appropriate doses of hepatitis B vaccines would be protective for at least five years in children. This would be shown by administering booster doses and measuring the response. Methods: 2-mu-g intramuscular (IM) doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) recombinant DNA vaccine (rDNAV) were given to 318 children who had received age appropriate doses of MSD plasma derived vaccine (PDV) five years earlier. Sera were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) seromarkers pre- and postbooster. Results: all children who had responsed to primary immunisation demonstrated an anamnestic response. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (antiHBs) rose from 89 to 4777 IU/L. AntiHBs was detected in 94% of vaccinees just prior to the five year booster, and 96.5% a mean of 10 days later. Conclusion: when initial vaccine seroconversion is satisfactory, protection of responders persists for at least five years, assuming that the response to vaccine boosters mimics the response to wild virus. Therefore, for population control of hepatitis B in children in endemic areas, booster doses are not required for at least five years. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FAIRFIELD HOSP,MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA. WELLINGTON SCH MED,DEPT MED,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. RP MILNE, A (reprint author), HEPATITIS RES UNIT,POB 241,WHAKATANE 3400,NEW ZEALAND. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW ZEALAND MED ASSN PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 156, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8446 J9 NEW ZEAL MED J JI N. Z. Med. J. PD AUG 26 PY 1992 VL 105 IS 940 BP 336 EP 338 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JM885 UT WOS:A1992JM88500007 PM 1508451 ER PT J AU SUSTEN, SS AF SUSTEN, SS TI HAZDAT - A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RELEASE HEALTH-EFFECTS DATABASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 36 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200817 ER PT J AU HILL, RH CAUDILL, SP PHILEN, RM BAILEY, SL KAMB, ML NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH CAUDILL, SP PHILEN, RM BAILEY, SL KAMB, ML NEEDHAM, LL TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME (EMS) CASE-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS IN L-TRYPTOPHAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 91 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200091 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP PEREZORONOZ, GI JACKSON, EL HERMANN, LM BROWN, BG AF FISHERHOCH, SP PEREZORONOZ, GI JACKSON, EL HERMANN, LM BROWN, BG TI FILOVIRUS CLEARANCE IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EBOLA; MONKEYS; VIRUS AB There has been concern in the USA and Europe about filovirus outbreaks in recently imported monkeys, and possible transmission to human beings. Healthy monkeys have been found to have low-titre immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) to Asian filoviruses (Reston and Pennsylvania viruses) as well as to the African filoviruses that caused fulminating human outbreaks in the 1970s (Ebola [Zaire] and Sudan viruses). We have assessed whether such monkeys are a risk to man. We studied 42 non-human primates; 31 were experimentally infected with African and Asian filoviruses, 6 were infected during a documented Reston filovirus outbreak, and 5 had serological evidence suggestive of recent filovirus infection. During the first 15 days after infection, virus could be routinely recovered from serum or biopsy or necropsy tissue, and Asian filovirus RNA could be detected by polymerase chain reaction. 20 to 600 days after challenge, filovirus could no longer be recovered nor viral RNA detected in 141 serum, liver, spleen, or kidney specimens. Animals surviving filovirus infection develop high-titre, cross-reacting filovirus-specific antibody 14 to 21 days after infection, and this coincides with virus clearance. Healthy monkeys with low-titre filovirus antibody may be regarded as uninfected. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ANIM RESOURCES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 22 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8817 BP 451 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91770-9 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JJ877 UT WOS:A1992JJ87700004 PM 1354784 ER PT J AU COHEN, ML AF COHEN, ML TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DRUG-RESISTANCE - IMPLICATIONS FOR A POSTANTIMICROBIAL ERA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN SALMONELLOSIS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; PLASMIDS; ENTEROCOCCUS; TRANSMISSION; HOSPITALS; CHILDREN AB In the last several years, the frequency and spectrum of antimicrobial-resistant infections have increased in both the hospital and the community. Certain infections that are essentially untreatable have begun to occur as epidemics both in the developing world and in institutional settings in the United States. The increasing frequency of drug resistance has been attributed to combinations of microbial characteristics, selective pressures of antimicrobial use, and societal and technologic changes that enhance the transmission of drug-resistant organisms. Antimicrobial resistance is resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Prevention and control of these infections will require new antimicrobial agents, prudent use of existing agents, new vaccines, and enhanced public health efforts to reduce transmission. RP COHEN, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 860 Z9 890 U1 8 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5073 BP 1050 EP 1055 DI 10.1126/science.257.5073.1050 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JJ884 UT WOS:A1992JJ88400019 PM 1509255 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ AGUANNO, J HOXIE, NJ AF SIMONDS, RJ AGUANNO, J HOXIE, NJ TI HIV-1 FROM A SERONEGATIVE TRANSPLANT DONOR - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DALLAS,TX 75246. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI 53701. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 20 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 8 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JJ457 UT WOS:A1992JJ45700014 ER PT J AU GREIFINGER, R KEEHFUS, C GRABAU, J QUINLAN, A LOEDER, A DIFERDINANDO, G MORSE, DL AF GREIFINGER, R KEEHFUS, C GRABAU, J QUINLAN, A LOEDER, A DIFERDINANDO, G MORSE, DL TI TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS, CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM - NEW-YORK, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 507-509, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,SYRACUSE,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GREIFINGER, R (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT CORRECT,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 7 BP 855 EP 856 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH588 UT WOS:A1992JH58800012 ER PT J AU SINHA, A AF SINHA, A TI SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME - UNITED-STATES, 1980-1988 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 515-517, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SINHA, A (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 7 BP 856 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH588 UT WOS:A1992JH58800013 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, R GOSLIN, D GROFF, L HOWARD, M PAYNE, P RHOADSMARTINEZ, R ABBOTT, D DRAGANN, N RUTT, J SAMITT, J MORTON, DH CARR, D YINGLING, B KIMBER, RG HERSHEY, E TAVRIS, DR AF ANDERSON, R GOSLIN, D GROFF, L HOWARD, M PAYNE, P RHOADSMARTINEZ, R ABBOTT, D DRAGANN, N RUTT, J SAMITT, J MORTON, DH CARR, D YINGLING, B KIMBER, RG HERSHEY, E TAVRIS, DR TI CONGENITAL-RUBELLA SYNDROME AMONG THE AMISH - PENNSYLVANIA, 1991-1992 (MMWR, VOL 41, PG 468-476, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LANCASTER GEN HOSP,LANCASTER,PA. PENN DEPT HLTH,PHILADELPHIA,PA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDERSON, R (reprint author), COMMUNITY HOSP LANCASTER,SPECIAL CHILDREN CLIN,LANCASTER,PA 17604, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 7 BP 859 EP 860 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH588 UT WOS:A1992JH58800015 ER PT J AU KOLANZ, M SANDIFER, J POUNDSTONE, J STAPLETON, M FINGER, R AF KOLANZ, M SANDIFER, J POUNDSTONE, J STAPLETON, M FINGER, R TI SHIGELLOSIS IN CHILD DAY-CARE-CENTERS - LEXINGTON-FAYETTE COUNTY, KENTUCKY, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 440-442, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ILLNESS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KOLANZ, M (reprint author), LEXINGTON FAYETTE CTY HLTH DEPT,SHIGELLA TASK FORCE,LEXINGTON,KY 40508, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 7 BP 860 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH588 UT WOS:A1992JH58800016 ER PT J AU FIORDALISI, I CHRISTIE, J MOFFITT, C AF FIORDALISI, I CHRISTIE, J MOFFITT, C TI PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS - NORTH-CAROLINA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 437-440, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP FIORDALISI, I (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 7 BP 862 EP 863 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH588 UT WOS:A1992JH58800017 ER PT J AU SINKS, T STEELE, G SMITH, AB WATKINS, K SHULTS, RA AF SINKS, T STEELE, G SMITH, AB WATKINS, K SHULTS, RA TI MORTALITY AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRAIN NEOPLASMS; ELECTRICITY; MELANOMA; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ID CAPACITOR MANUFACTURING WORKERS; LIFE; CONSEQUENCES; MELANOMA; PCBS AB On the basis of evidence from animal studies, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are considered potentially carcinogenic to humans. However, the results of studies in human populations exposed to PCBs have been inconsistent. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis (1957-1986) comparing the mortality of 3,588 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers with known exposure to PCBs with age-, sex-, and calendar time-specific mortality rates for all whites in the United States. Proportional hazards modeling was also performed to examine the association between cumulative PCB exposure and site-specific cancer mortality. All-cause mortality (1 92 deaths observed, 283.3 expected) and total cancer mortality (54 deaths observed, 63.7 expected) were lower than expected. More deaths were observed than expected for malignant melanoma (8 observed, < 2.0 expected) and cancer of the brain and nervous system (5 observed, 2.8 expected). The average estimated cumulative dose for the cases of brain cancer (22.9 units) was greater than for other workers (12.9 units), but the 95% confidence intervals around this difference were broad. The risk of malignant melanoma was not related to cumulative PCB exposure. These results provide some evidence of an association between employment at this plant and malignant melanoma and cancer of the brain. The possibility that the results are due to chance, bias, or confounding cannot be excluded. C1 INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,CTR EPIDEMIOL RESOURCE,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL SECT,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 28 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 4 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR447 UT WOS:A1992JR44700002 PM 1415158 ER PT J AU COLES, FB SCHUCHAT, A HIBBS, JR KONDRACKI, SF SALKIN, IF DIXON, DM CHANG, HG DUNCAN, RA HURD, NJ MORSE, DL AF COLES, FB SCHUCHAT, A HIBBS, JR KONDRACKI, SF SALKIN, IF DIXON, DM CHANG, HG DUNCAN, RA HURD, NJ MORSE, DL TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF SPOROTRICHOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SPHAGNUM MOSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; PLANTS; SPOROTRICHOSIS; TREES ID SPOROTHRIX-SCHENCKII; EPIDEMIC AB In the spring of 1988, the largest documented US outbreak of cutaneous sporotrichosis to date occurred, with 84 cases among persons from 15 states who were exposed to Wisconsin-grown sphagnum moss used in packing evergreen tree seedlings. In New York State, 13 cases occurred among 109 forestry workers. All 13 cases occurred among 76 workers who had handled evergreen seedlings and moss (attack rate = 17%). For those exposed to evergreens and moss, the risk of infection increased as worktime exposure to moss increased (attack rates: < 10 hours, 8%; 10-19 hours, 12%; > 19 hours, 33%). While environmental samples of moss from the Wisconsin supplier were negative, Sporothrix schenckii was cultured from multiple samples of the sphagnum moss obtained from one of six Pennsylvania tree nurseries, representing the nursery that was identified as the source for 79 (94%) of the moss-associated cases. Differences in tree-handling procedures at this nursery-including the use of 1- to 3-year-old moss to pack seedlings, use of a pond water source to wet the moss, use of an organic polymer gel on the seedling root system, and underground storage and longer storage of moss-packed seedlings before shipping-suggested possible explanations for the association. Efforts to prevent sporotrichosis among persons handling evergreen seedlings should include the use of alternate types of packing material (e.g., cedar wood chips or shredded paper) and protective clothing such as gloves and long-sleeved shirts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,HARRISBURG,PA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,MYCOL LABS,ALBANY,NY 12237. RP COLES, FB (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ROOM 651,CORNING TOWER,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 4 BP 475 EP 487 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR447 UT WOS:A1992JR44700012 PM 1415167 ER PT J AU CALLE, EE KHOURY, MJ AF CALLE, EE KHOURY, MJ TI COMPLETENESS OF THE DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES AS A MEASURE OF BIRTH-DEFECTS RECORDED IN THE HOSPITAL BIRTH RECORD - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CALLE, EE (reprint author), AMER CANC SOC,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 4 BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR447 UT WOS:A1992JR44700015 ER PT J AU KRIEGER, N ROWLEY, DL AF KRIEGER, N ROWLEY, DL TI RACE, FAMILY INCOME, AND LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BLOOD-PRESSURE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KRIEGER, N (reprint author), KAISER FDN,RES INST,DIV RES,OAKLAND,CA 94611, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 4 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR447 UT WOS:A1992JR44700017 PM 1415171 ER PT J AU HESSOL, NA KATZ, MH LIU, JY BUCHBINDER, SP RUBINO, CJ HOLMBERG, SD AF HESSOL, NA KATZ, MH LIU, JY BUCHBINDER, SP RUBINO, CJ HOLMBERG, SD TI INCREASED INCIDENCE OF HODGKIN DISEASE IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN WITH HIV-INFECTION SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HODGKINS DISEASE; HOMOSEXUALITY; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BISEXUAL MEN; COHORT; AIDS AB Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Cohort study with computer-matched identification of participants with the Northern California Cancer Center registry. Population rate comparisons were made with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. Participants: The 6704 homosexual men in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort study. Measurements: Incidence of Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, HIV infection, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); calculation of sex and age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratios and attributable risk. Results: Eight cases of Hodgkin disease and 90 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were identified through computer matching among cohort members residing in the San Francisco Bay area from 1978 through 1989. Among the HIV-infected men, the age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was 5.0 (95% Cl, 2.0 to 10.3) for Hodgkin disease and 37.7 (Cl, 30.3 to 46.7) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The excess risk attributable to HIV infection was 19.3 cases of Hodgkin disease per 100 000 person-years and 224.9 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma per 100 000 person-years. Conclusion: An excess incidence of Hodgkin disease was found in HIV-infected homosexual men. Additional well-designed epidemiologic studies are needed to determine whether Hodgkin disease should be considered an HIV-related malignancy. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-08] NR 14 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH464 UT WOS:A1992JH46400007 PM 1637026 ER PT J AU JANOFF, EN BREIMAN, RF DALEY, CL HOPEWELL, PC AF JANOFF, EN BREIMAN, RF DALEY, CL HOPEWELL, PC TI PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE DURING HIV-INFECTION - EPIDEMIOLOGIC, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PNEUMONIA; BACTEREMIA; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PERSISTENT GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ABNORMAL ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PREDOMINANT IGA2 RESPONSE; CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDE; PERSONS 6 YEARS AB Objective: To characterize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and immunologic risk factors for infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and to delineate a practical approach for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections. Data Sources: English-language articles from Index Medicus and their references as well as abstracts from conference proceedings that compared rates as well as clinical and microbiologic features of S. pneumoniae infections in HIV-infected patients. Study Selection: All human studies that included denominators, appropriate control groups, or sufficient clinical descriptions and animal studies with key immunologic observations were cited. Data Extraction: We compared epidemiologic and clinical responses to pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected patients and control subjects and correlated clinical and experimental data on immunologic defects associated with HIV infection with those on regulation of pneumococcal infections. Data Synthesis: Among patients with HIV infection, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease is high, bacteremia is a common complication of pneumonia, and relapses occur frequently. However, the clinical presentation, response to therapy, and serotypes isolated are similar to those in persons without HIV infection, and mortality is similar or lower. Specific local and systemic defects in host defense, particularly humoral immunity, may contribute to the high incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of invasive bacterial respiratory disease in adults and children with HIV infection. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy are associated with a favorable clinical outcome. Characterizing the specific immunologic defects associated with invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected patients may facilitate development of successful, cost-effective strategies for prophylaxis. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP JANOFF, EN (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT 111F,1 VET DR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31373]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU903297] NR 124 TC 270 Z9 273 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 314 EP 324 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH464 UT WOS:A1992JH46400009 PM 1637028 ER PT J AU REEVES, WC PELLETT, PE GARY, H AF REEVES, WC PELLETT, PE GARY, H TI THE CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME CONTROVERSY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP REEVES, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH464 UT WOS:A1992JH46400015 PM 1322077 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, RS STLOUIS, ME SATTEN, GA CRITCHLEY, SE PETERSEN, LR STAFFORD, RS WARD, JW HANSON, DL OLIVO, N SCHABLE, CA DONDERO, TJ AF JANSSEN, RS STLOUIS, ME SATTEN, GA CRITCHLEY, SE PETERSEN, LR STAFFORD, RS WARD, JW HANSON, DL OLIVO, N SCHABLE, CA DONDERO, TJ TI HIV-INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS IN UNITED-STATES ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS - STRATEGIES FOR THE COUNSELING AND TESTING OF HOSPITAL PATIENTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EMERGENCY; WORKERS AB Background. Routine, voluntary testing of hospital patients for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been proposed in order to identify those with early HIV infection in a setting where there is ready access to counseling, appropriate clinical referral, evaluation, and therapy. We studied the pattern of HIV infection among patients in 20 U.S. hospitals, in order to evaluate possible national strategies for the routine, voluntary HIV counseling and testing of hospital patients. Methods. Blood specimens remaining after clinical use from a systematically selected sample of patients at 20 hospitals in 15 U.S. cities were tested anonymously for antibody to HIV type 1 (HIV-1). Multivariate regression was used to determine which variables best predicted HIV seroprevalence in individual hospitals. Using these data, we estimated the number of HIV-positive patients in all U.S. hospitals and considered the efficiency of routine counseling and testing in different subgroups of patients and hospitals. Results. From September 1989 through October 1991, 9286 of 195,829 specimens (4.7 percent) were positive for HIV-1 in the 20 hospitals. The seroprevalence of HIV at these institutions ranged from 0.2 percent to 14.2 percent. Among HIV-positive patients, 32 percent had symptomatic HIV infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of admission or evaluation. In the 20 hospitals, HIV seroprevalence was 10.4 times (95 percent confidence interval, 8.8 to 12.0) the AIDS-diagnosis rate (the annual number of patients with new diagnoses of AIDS per 1000 discharges in 1990). In a multivariate model that included 13 hospital-specific variables, only the AIDS-diagnosis rate was associated with the hospital-specific HIV-seroprevalence rate (P<0.001). Using these data and the AIDS-diagnosis rates for all U.S. acute care hospitals, we estimated that 225,000 HIV-positive persons were hospitalized (95 percent confidence interval, 190,000 to 260,000) in all 5558 such hospitals in 1990, including 163,000 persons presenting with conditions other than HIV or AIDS (95 percent confidence interval, 130,000 to 196,000). In 1990, in 593 U.S. hospitals with AIDS-diagnosis rates of 1.0 or more per 1000 discharges, HIV testing of patients 15 to 54 years old (3 million patients, or 12.0 percent of all patients in U.S. acute care hospitals) would have identified an estimated 68 percent of all HIV-positive patients (110,000 patients) who were admitted with conditions other than symptomatic HIV infection or AIDS. Conclusions. We estimate that about 225,000 HIV-positive persons were hospitalized in 1990, of whom only one third were admitted for symptomatic HIV infection or AIDS. Routine, voluntary HIV testing of patients 15 to 54 years old in hospitals with 1 or more patients with newly diagnosed AIDS per 1000 discharges per year could potentially have identified as many as 110,000 patients with HIV infection that was previously unrecognized. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AID,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,AIDS SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 7 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1056/NEJM199208133270701 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH340 UT WOS:A1992JH34000001 PM 1625734 ER PT J AU CATES, W HINMAN, AR AF CATES, W HINMAN, AR TI AIDS AND ABSOLUTISM - THE DEMAND FOR PERFECTION IN PREVENTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; METHADONE TREATMENT; HIV INFECTION; NOTIFICATION; RISK RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 7 BP 492 EP 494 DI 10.1056/NEJM199208133270711 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH340 UT WOS:A1992JH34000011 PM 1625740 ER PT J AU POLISH, LB BAUER, F ROBERTO, RR AF POLISH, LB BAUER, F ROBERTO, RR TI TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B BY A FINGERSTICK DEVICE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 FRESNO VET AFFAIRS HOSP,FRESNO,CA 93703. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP POLISH, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 7 BP 497 EP 497 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH340 UT WOS:A1992JH34000019 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL NEVA, FA BERMAN, JD AF HERWALDT, BL NEVA, FA BERMAN, JD TI ALLOPURINOL IN THE TREATMENT OF AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID EFFICACY C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 7 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH340 UT WOS:A1992JH34000021 PM 1625745 ER PT J AU PIERCE, JP MILLS, SL SHOPLAND, DR MARCUS, SE AF PIERCE, JP MILLS, SL SHOPLAND, DR MARCUS, SE TI ACCESSIBILITY OF CIGARETTES TO YOUTHS AGED 12-17 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 485-488, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MINORS; SALES C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANAL,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF VITAL & HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PIERCE, JP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 6 BP 706 EP 707 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG666 UT WOS:A1992JG66600006 ER PT J AU ROERIG, S MELIUS, J CASEY, G AF ROERIG, S MELIUS, J CASEY, G TI SCALPING INCIDENTS INVOLVING HAY BALERS - NEW-YORK (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 489-491, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE,HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP ROERIG, S (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 6 BP 707 EP 708 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG666 UT WOS:A1992JG66600007 ER PT J AU FLOOD, T BREWSTER, M HARRIS, J KEEFER, S MERZ, R HOWE, H HANSON, J PANNY, S BAKEWELL, J SEELAND, M COSTA, P OLSEN, C MURRAY, A MARAZITA, M HILL, C AF FLOOD, T BREWSTER, M HARRIS, J KEEFER, S MERZ, R HOWE, H HANSON, J PANNY, S BAKEWELL, J SEELAND, M COSTA, P OLSEN, C MURRAY, A MARAZITA, M HILL, C TI SPINA-BIFIDA INCIDENCE AT BIRTH - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 497-500, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,ARKANSAS REPROD HLTH MONITORING SYST,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94704. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,COLORADO REGISTRY CHILDREN SPECIAL NEEDS,DENVER,CO. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,SPRINGFIELD,IL. STATE HLTH REGISTRY IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,DIV HEREDITARY DISORDERS,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,BUR HLTH DATA ANAL,COLUMBIA,MO. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS REGISTRY,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & OCCUPAT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,STATE CTR HLTH & ENVIRONM STAT,RALEIGH,NC. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT HUMAN GENET,RICHMOND,VA 23298. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS REGISTRY,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRON HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FLOOD, T (reprint author), ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,OFF CHRON DIS EPIDEMIOL,PHOENIX,AZ, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 6 BP 708 EP 709 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG666 UT WOS:A1992JG66600008 ER PT J AU TIGHE, T HANSEN, T CARMONA, B FUJIKAWA, B STALLWORTH, HF EMMONS, RW REILLY, KR BARRETT, L MURRAY, RA ROBERTO, RR RUTHERFORD, GW AF TIGHE, T HANSEN, T CARMONA, B FUJIKAWA, B STALLWORTH, HF EMMONS, RW REILLY, KR BARRETT, L MURRAY, RA ROBERTO, RR RUTHERFORD, GW TI HUMAN RABIES - CALIFORNIA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 461-463, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. FRESNO CTY DEPT HLTH,FRESNO,CA. RP TIGHE, T (reprint author), VALLEY CHILDRENS HOSP,FRESNO,CA 93703, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 6 BP 709 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG666 UT WOS:A1992JG66600009 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ AF SOSIN, DM NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ TI HEAD-INJURY DEATHS - THE ENORMITY OF FIREARMS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP SOSIN, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 6 BP 791 EP 791 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG666 UT WOS:A1992JG66600036 PM 1322468 ER PT J AU GEORGE, JR OU, CY PAREKH, B BRATTEGAARD, K BROWN, V BOATENG, E DECOCK, KM AF GEORGE, JR OU, CY PAREKH, B BRATTEGAARD, K BROWN, V BOATENG, E DECOCK, KM TI PREVALENCE OF HIV-1 AND HIV-2 MIXED INFECTIONS IN COTE-DIVOIRE SO LANCET LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN BLOTS; DNA AB We have investigated the cause of dual serological reactivity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2, a common occurrence in West Africa. Serum specimens from 111 individuals from cote d'Ivoire classified by commercial western blot as HIV-1 (n = 15), HIV-2 (32), and dually reactive (64) were further tested by more specific serological tests (a synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassay [Pepti-LAV 1/2] and western blots prepared from antigen in which oligomeric forms of the transmembrane protein were disrupted by trichloroacetic acid [WB-TCA]). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus culture. Of 104 samples that were concordant by both WB-TCA and Pepti-LAV, 82 (79%) were confirmed by PCR results. Virus culture was concordant with serology for specimens (35/38) in which any virus was detected. Our findings indicate that mixed HIV-1/HIV-2 infections are common in Cote d'Ivoire, and suggest that natural infection by one HIV type does not prevent heterologous infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJECT RETROCI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP GEORGE, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 8 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8815 BP 337 EP 339 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91406-X PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JH125 UT WOS:A1992JH12500005 PM 1353806 ER PT J AU KESTENS, L BRATTEGAARD, K ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T DIALLO, K GIGASE, PL GAYLE, H DECOCK, KM AF KESTENS, L BRATTEGAARD, K ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T DIALLO, K GIGASE, PL GAYLE, H DECOCK, KM TI IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF HIV-1REACTIVE, HIV-2REACTIVE AND DUALLY-REACTIVE WOMEN DELIVERING IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; IMMUNITY; WEST-AFRICA; AIDS; COTE-DIVOIRE ID HIV-2 INFECTION; GUINEA-BISSAU; WEST-AFRICA; AIDS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY AB Objectives: To compare the basic immunological changes induced by HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and to assess the immune status of subjects serologically reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dually-reactive). Design: Immune parameters were studied cross-sectionally in women delivering in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa, where HIV-1 and HIV-2 are endemic. In this area, a significant number of sera from infected individuals are reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight women delivering in a major maternity clinic were screened for HIV-1 and HIV-2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositivity was confirmed by Western blot. The immune parameters studied were CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin (Ig) serum levels, neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2M) serum levels. Results: Similar but less pronounced immune changes were present in HIV-2-reactive subjects compared with HIV-1- and dually-reactive subjects. The observed differences between the HIV-seropositive groups could not be explained by differences in age or disease stage but paralleled differences in the frequency of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). The intermediate immune profile of HIV-2-reactives (between seronegatives and HIV-1- and dually-reactives) was most clearly reflected by the number of CD8 + lymphocytes, the CD4 : CD8 ratio and the IgG serum level. Median neopterin and beta-2M levels, though significantly increased in all HIV-seropositive groups, did not differ significantly between HIV-2-, HIV-1- and dually-reactives. Conclusions: HIV-2 infection is associated with typical HIV-related immunological changes. Immunologically, dually-reactives resemble HIV-1-reactives more closely than HIV-2-reactive subjects. C1 PROJET RETRO CL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KESTENS, L (reprint author), INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,PATHOL & IMMUNOL LAB,NATIONALESTR 155,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 8 BP 803 EP 807 DI 10.1097/00002030-199208000-00006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JG079 UT WOS:A1992JG07900006 PM 1329848 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, AE THOMAS, PA LANDESMAN, SH MILDVAN, D SEIDLIN, M FRIEDLAND, GH HOLZMAN, R STARRETT, B BRAUN, J BRYAN, EL EVANS, RF AF GREENBERG, AE THOMAS, PA LANDESMAN, SH MILDVAN, D SEIDLIN, M FRIEDLAND, GH HOLZMAN, R STARRETT, B BRAUN, J BRYAN, EL EVANS, RF TI THE SPECTRUM OF HIV-1-RELATED DISEASE AMONG OUTPATIENTS IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE SPECTRUM; HIV-1; AIDS ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NATIONAL CASE-CONTROL; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRUS-INFECTION; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AB Objectives: To define the spectrum of HIV-1-related disease in New York City (NYC) and to determine how the clinical spectrum of illness differs in various populations. Design and methods: The medical records of the 2983 HIV-infected individuals who had received care through 1989 at four hospital outpatient clinics and two private physicians' offices were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Sixty-one per cent of the study patients and 48% of patients seen in 1989 had AIDS. HIV-infected women were significantly less likely to have AIDS and CD4 lymphocyte counts < 200 x 10(6)/l than men. For every 100 AIDS patients seen in 1989, there were 88 non-AIDS patients with CD4 counts < 500 x 10(6)/l, of whom 41 had CD4 counts < 200 x 10(6)/l; thus, in addition to an estimated 16425 individuals living with AIDS in NYC, we estimate that there are at least 14454 HIV-infected individuals without AIDS with CD4 counts < 500 x 10(6)/l, of whom 6734 have CD4 counts < 200 x 10(6)/l. Men who have sex with men were significantly more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus disease and retinitis, cryptosporidiosis and lymphoma, and significantly less likely to have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and bacterial pneumonia than intravenous drug users. Whites were significantly less likely to have pulmonary TB than Hispanics, non-Haitian and Haitian blacks, toxoplasmosis than Hispanics and Haitian blacks, and salmonella septicemia than non-Haitian blacks. The frequencies of most diagnoses did not differ by sex; gynecologic diseases were recorded infrequently in the medical records of women in this study. Conclusions: These data indicate that there are more than 30 000 HIV-infected adults living in NYC with significant immunosuppression, that an increasing proportion of AIDS cases in NYC will occur among women, and that the spectrum of HIV-related disease varies markedly in different populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KINGS CTY HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,BROOKLYN,NY. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,BRONX,NY 10467. RP GREENBERG, AE (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,OFF AIDS SURVEILLANCE,BOX 44,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 53 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 8 BP 849 EP 859 DI 10.1097/00002030-199208000-00014 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JG079 UT WOS:A1992JG07900014 PM 1418782 ER PT J AU OU, CY TAKEBE, Y LUO, CC KALISH, M AUWANIT, W BANDEA, C DELATORRE, N MOORE, JL SCHOCHETMAN, G YAMAZAKI, S GAYLE, HD YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG AF OU, CY TAKEBE, Y LUO, CC KALISH, M AUWANIT, W BANDEA, C DELATORRE, N MOORE, JL SCHOCHETMAN, G YAMAZAKI, S GAYLE, HD YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG TI WIDE DISTRIBUTION OF 2 SUBTYPES OF HIV-1 IN THAILAND SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ADVANCES IN AIDS VACCINE DEVELOPMENT / 4TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COOPERATIVE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT GROUP FOR AIDS CY OCT 15-19, 1991 CL MARCO ISLAND, FL SP NATL COOPERAT VACCINE DEV GRP AIDS ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SEQUENCES C1 NATL INST HLTH,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. NATL INST HLTH,BANGKOK,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP OU, CY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 13 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1472 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JR904 UT WOS:A1992JR90400050 PM 1466984 ER PT J AU MILLI, F FLANDERS, WD BORING, JR ANNEST, JL DESTEFANO, F AF MILLI, F FLANDERS, WD BORING, JR ANNEST, JL DESTEFANO, F TI THE ASSOCIATIONS OF ALCOHOL DRINKING AND DRINKING CESSATION TO MEASURES OF THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL; B-LYMPHOCYTES; DRINKING CESSATION; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; T-LYMPHOCYTES ID T-CELL SUBSETS; LIVER-DISEASE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SERUM ANTIBODIES; ACETALDEHYDE; CIRRHOSIS; POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION; HEPATITIS; ETHANOL AB To estimate the association between the immunologic responses of the cell-mediated and humoral systems and alcohol drinking, we used data from the Vietnam Experience Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. That study, conducted from 1985 to 1986, was based on a random sample of 4462 male, Vietnam-era, U.S. veterans. By using linear regression, we evaluated how (1) the number of alcoholic drinks the subjects consumed per month and (2) the drinking cessation of certain subjects were associated with their relative and absolute T, B, CD4, and CD8 lymphocyte counts and immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG levels. We used geometric means and percentage differences in geometric means of immune status to measure the associations and adjusted these values to account for the effect of covariates. The results indicated that measures of immune status differed among the drinking categories and that, generally, the differences changed after adjustment for covariates. These differences consisted, as alcohol consumption increased, of higher IgA and IgM levels, relative T and CD4 lymphocytes, and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells, and of lower IgG levels, relative B and CD8 lymphocytes, absolute lymphocyte, and lymphocyte subset counts after adjusting for other covariates. Among former drinkers, we found no clear-cut pattern in measures of immunity for a few years after cessation and then found that values of former drinkers tended to return toward values of nondrinkers as the continued to abstain. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MILLI, F (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD AUG PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 688 EP 694 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA JK612 UT WOS:A1992JK61200007 ER PT J AU HEWITT, DJ PEDDECORD, KM FRANCIS, DP BENENSON, AS HOFHERR, LK FERRAN, KL GARFEIN, RS GERBER, AR AF HEWITT, DJ PEDDECORD, KM FRANCIS, DP BENENSON, AS HOFHERR, LK FERRAN, KL GARFEIN, RS GERBER, AR TI CONTENT AND DESIGN OF LABORATORY REPORT FORMS FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ANTIBODY TESTING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE QUALITY ASSURANCE IN CLINICAL LABORATORIES; HIV-1 ANTIBODY TESTING; LABORATORY REPORTING; REPORT CONTENT; LABORATORY-TO-PHYSICIAN COMMUNICATION; TOTAL LABORATORY TESTING PROCESS; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AB In a pilot study involving proficiency testing for human immunodeficiency virus, markedly diverse and potentially confusing test report forms were encountered among participating laboratories. Therefore, a comprehensive study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 report forms was conducted from state-licensed testing laboratories in California. Participants analyzed three serum samples of known human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody reactivity and reported their results on forms that they would normally submit to clinicians. Report forms from 84 laboratories were evaluated for content, design, and clarity. Differences were found among commercial, hospital, and public health laboratories. The significance of these findings is discussed. This technique also may be applied to evaluate laboratory report form design and content for other diagnostic test results. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV, GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH, LAB ASSURANCE PROGRAM, SAN DIEGO, CA 92182 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, LAB PRACTICE BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 EI 1943-7722 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 98 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA JK803 UT WOS:A1992JK80300012 PM 1510032 ER PT J AU MCGRADY, GA SUNG, JFC ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR AF MCGRADY, GA SUNG, JFC ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR TI PRETERM DELIVERY AND LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AMONG 1ST-BORN INFANTS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE COLLEGE GRADUATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DATA COLLECTION; EDUCATION; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, PREMATURE; LABOR, PREMATURE; STUDENTS ID GESTATIONAL-AGE; MEDICAL RECORDS; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIAL-CLASS; RECALL; MORTALITY; ACCURACY AB Reproductive outcomes were investigated in black and white female college graduates, presumed to be of similar socioeconomic status and similar risk profile with respect to environmental factors. Data were gathered by mail survey from graduates (1973-1985) of four Atlanta, Georgia, colleges between February and June 1988. Of 6,867 alumnae to whom questionnaires were mailed, 3,084 responded. A follow-up study of black nonrespondents yielded responses from 14% (335) of those who did not respond to the mail survey. For all graduates with a first live born at the time of survey (n = 1,089), the rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and infant mortality were 80.8, 82.6, and 14.6 per thousand births (primigravida), respectively. Compared with white graduates, black graduates had 1.67 times the risk of preterm delivery and 2.48 times the risk of low birth weight. Measures of social and economic status differed significantly by race. However, adjustment for these variables did not reduce the estimated risk for black graduates compared with whites. Analysis of the nonresponder survey suggested that respondent data alone overestimates the incidence of adverse outcomes in blacks; using nonresponder data, relative risks of 1.28 (preterm delivery) and 1.75 (low birth weight) were calculated as lower limits of the increased risk for blacks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCGRADY, GA (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT MED,720 WESTVIEW DR SW,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. RI Hogue, Carol/H-5442-2012 FU PHS HHS [CCR-R.O.-1403020] NR 22 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 3 BP 266 EP 276 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR446 UT WOS:A1992JR44600002 PM 1415148 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA BARON, RC TSAI, TF AF WOODRUFF, BA BARON, RC TSAI, TF TI SYMPTOMATIC LA-CROSSE VIRUS-INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM - A STUDY OF RISK-FACTORS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS; ARBOVIRUSES; CALIFORNIA GROUP VIRUSES; LA-CROSSE VIRUS; RISK FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE, IMMUNOLOGICAL ID AEDES-TRISERIATUS DIPTERA; POPULATION; MINNESOTA; ESTIMATOR; CULICIDAE; INDIANA; DENSITY; TIRES AB In most years, La Crosse virus is the most common cause of reported mosquito-borne illness in the United States. The authors conducted a case-control study to determine if behavioral and environmental factors influenced the risk of La Crosse virus illness. Data were gathered on 31 serologically confirmed cases and 60 age-, sex-, and geography-matched controls in West Virginia in 1987 and 1988. Univariate analysis revealed minimal elevation of disease risk (odds ratios (ORs) <2.0) with increased time outdoors, non-use of insect repellant, non-use of air conditioning, lack of screened windows, and not wearing protective clothing. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of tree holes significantly increased disease risk (OR = 8.5 for -1 tree hole vs. 0 tree holes). The following factors may also increase disease risk, although the findings were not statistically significant: discarded tires (OR = 3.2 for -1 0 tires vs. 0-9 tires); non-tire artificial containers (OR = 4.1 for greater-than-or-equal-to 6 containers vs. 0-5 containers); and close proximity of the house to the forest edge (OR = 3.2 for 0-49 ft (0-14.9 m) vs. greater-than-or-equal-to 50 ft (greater-than-or-equal-to 14.9 m)). The authors conclude that the presence of natural breeding sites (tree holes) is an important risk factor for La Crosse virus illness. These results may be important in guiding future efforts aimed at preventing infection with La Crosse virus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. W VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH & HUMAN RESOURCES,CHARLESTON,WV. RP WOODRUFF, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JR446 UT WOS:A1992JR44600007 PM 1357961 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD TI CAN MATERNAL RISK-FACTORS INFLUENCE THE PRESENCE OF MAJOR BIRTH-DEFECTS IN INFANTS WITH DOWN-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; DOWN SYNDROME; MATERNAL FACTORS ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; ANEUPLOID PHENOTYPES; MALFORMATIONS; PATHOGENESIS; TERATOGENS; TRISOMY-21; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Although the manifestations of Down syndrome ( DS) are well known, certain major birth defects such as duodenal atresia and endocardial cushion defects are present in some infants but not others, suggesting the possible role of other genetic or environmental factors interacting with the trisomy genotype. To explore the possible role of maternal factors in the presence of major defects among DS infants, we examined data from an epidemiologic study of DS conducted in metropolitan Atlanta. Of 219 DS infants born between 1968 and 1980, 50 had recorded cardiac defects, 9 had selected gastrointestinal atresias and 4 had oral clefts. We evaluated the association of these defects with several maternal factors including age, race, first trimester cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and fever. We found that different maternal factors were associated with several defects: (1) mother's race with cardiac defects (40% in blacks vs. 17% in whites, P < 0.01), (2) mother's age with oral clefts (6% for < 25 years, 1% for 25-34, and 0% for > 34, P < 0.05), and (3) maternal first trimester fever with gastrointestinal defects (15% in infants with history of fever and 3% in infants without a history of fever, P < 0.01). We also observed an inverse relationship between maternal alcohol use and the presence of ventricular septal defect. These findings suggest that maternal risk factors may influence the clinical manifestations of DS. In addition to searching for a genetic basis for the DS phenotype, we suggest that the role of environmental factors and maternal exposures be specifically explored in clarifying the genesis of various birth defects in Down syndrome. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1022 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430620 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JH159 UT WOS:A1992JH15900019 PM 1415327 ER PT J AU LENTZNER, HR PAMUK, ER RHODENHISER, EP ROTHENBERG, R POWELLGRINER, E AF LENTZNER, HR PAMUK, ER RHODENHISER, EP ROTHENBERG, R POWELLGRINER, E TI THE QUALITY-OF-LIFE IN THE YEAR BEFORE DEATH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MORBIDITY; CARE AB Objectives. Most Americans wish to live a long healthy life, but fear disease and dependency in their last years. Until recently, little has been known about the prevalence of opposite extremes of health in old age, particularly in the period leading up to death. Methods. We used results from the 1986 National Mortality Follow-back Survey to estimate proportions of elderly decedents who were "fully functional" or "severely restricted" in the last year of life. Estimates were based on responses from proxies to questions regarding the decedent's functional status, mental awareness, and time spent in institutions. Results. Approximately 14% of all decedents aged 65 years and older were defined as fully functional in the last year of life; 10% were defined as severely restricted. Proportions varied with the decedent's age and sex, the underlying cause of death, and the presence of other preexisting conditions. Conclusions. Results from this survey and future surveys can be used to learn more about "successful agers" -their medical histories, their life-styles, and whether their relative number is increasing or decreasing over time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1093 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JF310 UT WOS:A1992JF31000006 PM 1386195 ER PT J AU MASTRO, TD REDD, SC BREIMAN, RF AF MASTRO, TD REDD, SC BREIMAN, RF TI IMPORTED LEPROSY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1978 THROUGH 1988 - AN EPIDEMIC WITHOUT SECONDARY TRANSMISSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Leprosy remains a major health problem in many regions of the world. In the United States, although leprosy continues to be reported, approximately 90% of cases are imported (i.e., occur among immigrants and refugees). An increase in imported cases began in 1978. This study was conducted to analyze this trend and to characterize the contributing cases. Methods. Centers for Disease Control leprosy surveillance data from 1971 through 1988 were analyzed. Results. The number of imported cases reported annually was relatively constant from 1971 through 1977 (mean = 119 per year), increased to 307 in 1985, and then decreased to 102 in 1988. Of the 957 excess cases reported from 1978 through 1988, 73.4% were among persons from Southeast Asia, including 51.3% from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (Indochina). There was no coincident increase in indigenous cases of leprosy; the mean annual number of such cases was 17.7 (range = 10 to 29). Leprosy remains endemic in Texas, Hawaii, Louisiana, and possibly California. Conclusions. An epidemic of imported leprosy began in the United States in 1978, peaked in 1985, and ended by 1988. This increase was primarily due to cases among refugees from Indochina and was limited by a decrease in the influx of Indochinese refugees in the mid-1980s. There is no evidence that these cases resulted in transmission in the United States. RP MASTRO, TD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYOCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1130 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1127 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JF310 UT WOS:A1992JF31000011 PM 1636833 ER PT J AU BAYER, R TOOMEY, KE AF BAYER, R TOOMEY, KE TI HIV PREVENTION AND THE 2 FACES OF PARTNER NOTIFICATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENTIALITY; AIDS; PATIENT AB In the cases of medical patients with sexually transmitted diseases (particularly those with the human immunodeficiency virus), two distinct approaches exist to notifying sexual and/or needle-sharing partners of possible risk. Each approach has its own history (including unique practical problems of implementation) and provokes its own ethical dilemmas. The first approach-the moral "duty to warn"-arose out of clinical situations in which a physician knew the identity of a person deemed to be at risk. The second approach-that of contact tracing-emerged from sexually transmitted disease control programs in which the clinician typically did not know the identity of those who might have been exposed. Confusion between the two approaches has led many to mistake processes that are fundamentally voluntary as mandatory and those that respect confidentiality as invasive of privacy. In the context of the AIDS epidemic and the vicissitudes of the two approaches, we describe the complex problems of partner notification and underscore the ethical and political contexts within which policy decisions have been made. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10027. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1158 EP 1164 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1158 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JF310 UT WOS:A1992JF31000021 PM 1304728 ER PT J AU PEPIN, J ETHIER, L KAZADI, C MILORD, F RYDER, R AF PEPIN, J ETHIER, L KAZADI, C MILORD, F RYDER, R TI THE IMPACT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI GAMBIENSE SLEEPING SICKNESS IN NIOKI, ZAIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HIV INFECTION; TROPICAL DISEASES; KINSHASA; DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; CHILDREN AB To determine if there is an association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness, all incident cases of trypanosomiasis and a control group of blood donors presenting to the same rural hospital in Zaire were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) antibodies. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HIV-1 infection between the two groups (7 of 220, [3.2%] for the incident cases and 8 of 388 [2.1%] for the blood donors; P = 0.56). Among the three HIV-1 seropositive incident cases of trypanosomiasis treated with difluoromethylornithine, two (67%) relapsed after treatment compared with four of 39 (10%) HIV-1 seronegative incident cases treated with the same drug (P = 0.05). These findings suggest that at the present time, HIV-1 infection is not having a significant impact on the incidence of T. brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in rural Zaire, but the possibility that incident cases of trypanosomiasis concurrently infected with HIV-1 may be at higher risk of treatment failure warrants further investigation. C1 US EMBASSY,DEPT PUBL HLTH,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MRC,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. UNIV SHERBROOKE,SHERBROOKE J1K 2R1,QUEBEC,CANADA. ZONE SANTE RURALENIOKI,NIOKI,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JL246 UT WOS:A1992JL24600002 PM 1503182 ER PT J AU COLLINS, RC OCHOA, JO CUPP, EW GONZALESPERALTA, C PORTER, CH AF COLLINS, RC OCHOA, JO CUPP, EW GONZALESPERALTA, C PORTER, CH TI MICROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF ONCHOCERCIASIS IN GUATEMALA - DISPERSAL AND SURVIVAL OF SIMULIUM-OCHRACEUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BLACK FLIES; GONOTROPHIC CYCLE; BITING ACTIVITY; VOLVULUS; TRANSMISSION; RATES AB Wild Simulium ochraceum females, both blood engorged and non-blood engorged, were collected from human volunteers infected with Onchocerca volvulus, marked with fluorescent dyes, and released from the same locality as they were collected during February and March 1989. A small hyperendemic village located within 0.5 km of streams supporting large populations of S. ochraceum larvae served as the site for both collection and release of adult females. Fifteen sites for the recapture of flies were located within this same village, within two other villages located 1.0 and 3.7 km from it, and at other places spaced approximately 0.25-3.5 km within a coffee agroecosystem. Flies from both groups were recaptured at distances ranging to 3.5 km from the point of release. Non-blood-engorged flies, however, exhibited a greater tendency to disperse away from the release site. Of the total number of blood-engorged flies recaptured, 51.9% were collected at the release point, 25.7% at 1.0 km, and 1.6% at 3.3-3.5 km. The corresponding percentages for non-blood-engorged flies were 26.9%, 40.4%, and 4.4%, respectively. No flies from either group were recaptured at the most distant site, a large village that was 3.7 km away. Marked flies from both groups were recaptured 12-14 days after release, which was sufficient time for the development of infective O. volvulus larvae. A survival rate (4.7%) of marked, blood-engorged flies over the second and third gonotrophic cycles was estimated from the slope of the regression line of the log number of flies recaptured. This compares with the 15.8% survival rate estimated from the ratio of infective stage O. volvulus larvae to early first stage larvae in wild populations of S. ochraceum. This difference suggests that survival rates estimated from mark, release, recapture studies using fluorescent dyes are lower than actual rates by a considerable margin, probably due to excess mortality from marking and handling the insects. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,410 FORBES BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SNEM,MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT ONCHOCERCIASIS ROBLES DIS,ENTOMOL SECT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JL246 UT WOS:A1992JL24600004 PM 1503184 ER PT J AU COLLINS, RC GONZALESPERALTA, C CASTRO, J ZEAFLORES, G CUPP, MS RICHARDS, FO CUPP, EW AF COLLINS, RC GONZALESPERALTA, C CASTRO, J ZEAFLORES, G CUPP, MS RICHARDS, FO CUPP, EW TI IVERMECTIN - REDUCTION IN PREVALENCE AND INFECTION INTENSITY OF ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS FOLLOWING BIANNUAL TREATMENTS IN 5 GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BLACK FLIES; TRANSMISSION; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; CHEMOTHERAPY; HUMANS AB Residents of five hyperendemic communities located in the central focus of onchocerciasis in Guatemala were treated with ivermectin (Mectizan(R)) or placebo every six months for 30 months. The effects of treatment on prevalence and the intensity of skin infection (microfilarial skin density [MFD]) were evaluated. Significant and persistent reductions in both of these indices were achieved by coverage of 80.7% of the eligible populations. The highest proportionate reductions in both indicators of infection occurred after the first treatment, followed by more gradual decreases through the fourth treatment. In one community in which the mean coverage was 92.7%, prevalence decreased from 74.0% at pretreatment to 34.9% after four treatments, while the MFD decreased from 7.8 to 2.0; reductions of 52.8% and 74.3% from pretreatment values, respectively. In every ivermectin-treated community except one, in which drug acceptance was low, the mean community MFD values were reduced to the level associated with low infectiousness for the vector, Simulium ochraceum. Moreover, the category of MFD associated with high vector infectiousness was reduced at least ten-fold over the pretreatment level. One community had low participation during the first two treatments (32.8% and 22.7% of those eligible). This increased to 55.2% at the third treatment because of implementation of an educational program describing both the disease and the beneficial effects of ivermectin and because skin biopsies and nodulectomies were not performed. Secondary reaction rates for all communities were 29.5%, 9.9%, 10.3%, 8.2%, and 7.1% for the first through fifth treatments, respectively. Pruritus was the most common (34.0%) secondary reaction, followed by facial edema (31.8%). All reactions were classified as, mild to moderate. Recommendations for mass distribution of ivermectin in Guatemala are given. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,410 FORBES BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SNEM,MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT ONCHOCERCIASIS ROBLES DIS,ENTOMOL SECT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 156 EP 169 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JL246 UT WOS:A1992JL24600005 PM 1503185 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JE EWING, SA AF DAWSON, JE EWING, SA TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DOGS TO INFECTION WITH EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS, CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; RICKETTSIA; TICKS AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the newly recognized agent of human ehrlichiosis, is closely related to E canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis. Eight pups were inoculated IV with E chaffeensis-, or with E canis-infected DH82 cells, or organisms released from these host cells. Two additional pups served as nonexposed controls. Marked thrombocytopenia was observed in the E canis-infected pups, but not in those infected with E chaffeensis. Homologous serologic response was observed in the E chaffeensis-exposed pups by postinoculation day (PID) 14 and in the E canis-exposed pups by PID 21. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E canis were reisolated from the respective inoculated pups on each of 8 attempts from PID 7 to 26. One E chaffeensis-exposed pup that was challenge exposed with E canis via blood transfusion, developed fever, anorexia, and thrombocytopenia, suggesting lack of cross protection against E canis. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP DAWSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1322 EP 1327 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF100 UT WOS:A1992JF10000010 PM 1510307 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML FENLEY, MA AF ROSENBERG, ML FENLEY, MA TI THE FEDERAL-ROLE IN INJURY CONTROL SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Early federal injury control programs in the 1960s and 1970s were centered first in the Division of Accident Prevention (Public Health Service) and subsequently in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Department of Transportation) and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the early 1970s also began to investigate injuries, particularly in the home and recreational environment. The field expanded in the 1970s and 1980s to include injuries that occur in many settings and both intentional injuries (violence) and unintentional injuries. After a 1985 report, Injury in America, CDC was chosen to be the national coordinating agency because of its mission of Prevention. The current program also includes acute care, rehabilitation, and biomechanics. RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1037//0003-066X.47.8.1031 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JG888 UT WOS:A1992JG88800005 PM 1510331 ER PT J AU PEARSON, ML JEREB, JA FRIEDEN, TR CRAWFORD, JT DAVIS, BJ DOOLEY, SW JARVIS, WR AF PEARSON, ML JEREB, JA FRIEDEN, TR CRAWFORD, JT DAVIS, BJ DOOLEY, SW JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS - A RISK TO PATIENTS AND HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; CROSS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AB Objective: To determine the factors associated with the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among patients at a New York City Hospital and to investigate possible nosocomial transmission. Design: A retrospective case-control study and tuberculin skin test survey. Patients: Twenty-three patients with tuberculosis whose isolates were resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin (case patients) were compared with patients with tuberculosis whose isolates were susceptible to all agents tested (controls). Tuberculin skin test conversion rates were compared among health care workers assigned to wards where patients with tuberculosis were frequently or rarely admitted. Setting: A large, teaching hospital in New York City. Measurements: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from case patients and controls were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Case patients were younger (median age, 34 compared with 42 years; P = 0.006), more likely to be seropositive for HIV (21 of 23 compared with 11 of 23 patients; odds ratio, 11.5; 95% Cl, 1.9 to 117), and more likely to have had a previous hospital admission within 7 months before the onset of tuberculosis (19 of 23 compared with 5 of 23 patients; odds ratio, 17.1; Cl, 3.3 to 97), particularly on one ward (12 of 23 compared with 0 of 23 patients; odds ratio, undefined; P = 0.002). Health care workers assigned to wards housing case patients were more likely to have tuberculin skin test conversions than were health care workers assigned to other wards (11 of 32 compared with 1 of 47 health care workers; P < 0.001). Few (6 of 23) case patients were placed in acid-fast bacilli isolation, and no rooms tested had negative pressure. Of 16 available multidrug-resistant isolates obtained from case patients, 14 had identical banding patterns by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In contrast, M. tuberculosis isolates from controls with drug-susceptible tuberculosis had patterns distinct from each other and from those of case patients. Conclusions: These data suggest nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurred from patient to patient and from patient to health care worker and underscore the need for effective acid-fast bacilli isolation facilities and adherence to published infection control guidelines in health care institutions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP PEARSON, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 457 Z9 464 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JF304 UT WOS:A1992JF30400003 PM 1352093 ER PT J AU DOOLEY, SW JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ SNIDER, DE AF DOOLEY, SW JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ SNIDER, DE TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; INFECTION CONTROL; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; CROSS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AB Large outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have recently occurred in hospitals and correctional facilities. Mortality in these outbreaks has been extraordinarily high, and more than 80% of cases have occurred in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At least eight health care workers at these hospitals have developed active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conditions contributing to these outbreaks include poor compliance with antituberculosis therapy leading to development of drug-resistant organisms; contact between immunocompromised persons and those with infectious tuberculosis; and inadequate infection control practices and isolation facilities. To prevent further outbreaks, steps should be taken to ensure that patients with tuberculosis adhere to the prescribed drug regimen to prevent the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis, and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for reducing tuberculosis transmission should be implemented immediately. A federal tuberculosis task force has been established and has developed a national action plan to address the problem of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. RP DOOLEY, SW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 190 Z9 193 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JF304 UT WOS:A1992JF30400015 PM 1296597 ER PT J AU MOTLEY, M SARAFIAN, SK KNAPP, JS ZAIDI, AA SCHMID, G AF MOTLEY, M SARAFIAN, SK KNAPP, JS ZAIDI, AA SCHMID, G TI CORRELATION BETWEEN INVITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES AND BETA-LACTAMASE PLASMID CONTENTS OF ISOLATES OF HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI FROM THE UNITED-STATES SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TREATMENT REGIMENS; AGAR DILUTION; CEFTRIAXONE; STRAINS; INFECTIONS; THAILAND AB We determined the susceptibilities of 94 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in various municipalities in the United States between 1982 and 1989 to the following antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin. Ceftriaxone (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.008-mu-g/ml), azithromycin (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.125-mu-g/ml), erythromycin (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.125-mu-g/ml), ciprofloxacin (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.25-mu-g/ml), and ofloxacin (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.25-mu-g/ml) were highly active against all isolates. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (MICs, 0.25 to 8.0-mu-g/ml), trimethoprim (MICs, 0.06 to 16.0-mu-g/ml), and spectinomycin (MICs, 2.0 to greater-than-or-equal-to 32.0-mu-g/ml) were less active against these isolates. Isolates possessing the 5.7-MDa beta-lactamase plasmid were less susceptible to erythromycin, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin than were isolates possessing the 3.2-MDa beta-lactamase plasmid. The susceptibilities of plasmidless isolates to erythromycin, trimethoprim, and spectinomycin were distributed bimodally; the median MIC for the more susceptible plasmidless isolates corresponded to that for isolates with the 3.2-MDa plasmid, and the median MIC for the less susceptible plasmidless isolates corresponded to that for isolates with the 5.7-MDa plasmid. Thus, plasmid profiles may be valuable markers for geographical variations in antimicrobial susceptibilities of H. ducreyi strains that may indicate the relative efficacy of regimens for the treatment of chancroid. Of the regimens recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service for the treatment of chancroid, our results support the use of erythromycin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin, and perhaps ofloxacin, but suggest that amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim should be used with caution. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOTLEY, M (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1639 EP 1643 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JG147 UT WOS:A1992JG14700011 PM 1416845 ER PT J AU PERKINS, BA HAMILL, RJ MUSHER, DM OHARA, C AF PERKINS, BA HAMILL, RJ MUSHER, DM OHARA, C TI INVITRO ACTIVITIES OF STREPTOMYCIN AND 11 ORAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF KLEBSIELLA-RHINOSCLEROMATIS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note AB We tested in vitro the activities of streptomycin and tetracycline-antibiotics that have long been used to treat rhinoscleroma-as well as several newer oral agents by using 23 isolates of the causative organism Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. All isolates were inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,INFECT DIS SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ANTIMICROB INVEST LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1785 EP 1787 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JG147 UT WOS:A1992JG14700037 PM 1416867 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP GBORIE, S PARKER, L HUGGINS, J AF FISHERHOCH, SP GBORIE, S PARKER, L HUGGINS, J TI UNEXPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS DURING A CLINICAL-TRIAL IN RURAL WEST AFRICA SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SIDE EFFECT; RIBAVIRIN; LASSA FEVER; RIGOR ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; LASSA FEVER; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; THERAPY; INFANTS AB Ribavirin has been used widely in various clinical trials, without significant adverse effects beyond reversible, mild anemia. Since 1978 intravenous ribavirin has been used to treat Lassa fever in a remote area of Eastern Sierra Leone, West Africa. In March 1991, brief episodes of rigors in patients receiving ribavirin were reported. An immediate investigation found that 27/3 patients (29%) had records in 1990/1991 of at least one episode, the strongest association being with survival of Lassa fever (P = 0.0001). The occurrence or number of rigors in an individual patient was unassociated with sex, age. weight, volume of loading dose, cumulative dose, administration of other drugs, use of intravenous lines or heparin traps. In a review of 12 years of ribavirin administration, 74/2117 injections sampled (3.5%) were associated with a record of rigors. Most occurred before 08.00 h (P <0.0001), between 0 and 30 min after injection, lasted 2-45 min, and clustered towards the end of the treatment course (P <0.0001). There was no association with drug lot or individual vials. Drug was being given as a bolus (< 1 min). Since slowing the infusion rate, no further episodes have been reported. Epidemiologic techniques are important tools in rapid assessment of unexpected events particularly when conducting trials in remote locations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LASSA FEVER RES PROJECT,SEGBWEMA,SIERRA LEONE. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT ANTIVIRAL STUDIES,DIV VIROL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0166-3542(92)90073-E PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA JP392 UT WOS:A1992JP39200005 PM 1444324 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AJ GASSER, RA OSTER, CN GROGL, M SUN, W AF MAGILL, AJ GASSER, RA OSTER, CN GROGL, M SUN, W TI VISCEROTROPIC LEISHMANIASIS IN PERSONS RETURNING FROM OPERATION-DESERT-STORM - 1990-1991 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; REGION; AGENT C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV EXPTL THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MED CTR,INFECT DIS SERV,EL PASO,TX 79920. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARSIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAGILL, AJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,INFECT DIS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 128 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1034 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA JH724 UT WOS:A1992JH72400001 ER PT J AU GUTEKUNST, KA PINE, L WHITE, E KATHARIOU, S CARLONE, GM AF GUTEKUNST, KA PINE, L WHITE, E KATHARIOU, S CARLONE, GM TI A FILAMENTOUS-LIKE MUTANT OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES WITH REDUCED EXPRESSION OF A 60-KILODALTON EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN INVADES AND GROWS IN 3T6 AND CACO-2 CELLS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INVASION; NONPROFESSIONAL PHAGOCYTIC CELLS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; VIRULENCE; SPREAD; ACTIN; HEMOLYSIN AB We describe a spontaneous rough mutant of Listeria monocytogenes that produces reduced amounts of a 60-kilodalton major extracellular polypeptide (p60) as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The cells of this mutant are filamentous, do not give rise to smooth wild-type colonies, and produce listeriolysin O in amounts equal to that of the wild-type cells, but they show a reduced virulence in the mouse LD50 model and in the Caco-2 tissue culture virulence assay. Light and electron microscopic studies show that this mutant invades and remains filamentous during in vivo growth in both Caco-2 and 3T6 tissue culture monolayers. The reduced virulence of the rough mutant is not due to the inability of its filamentous forms to invade or to grow in nonprofessional phagocytes since invasion and growth of the smooth wild-type and the rough mutants are comparable in both Caco-2 and 3T6 monolayers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SCI RESOURCES,EXPTL PATHOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT MICROBIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 8 BP 843 EP 851 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JQ110 UT WOS:A1992JQ11000016 PM 1458374 ER PT J AU GUTEKUNST, KA HOLLOWAY, BP CARLONE, GM AF GUTEKUNST, KA HOLLOWAY, BP CARLONE, GM TI DNA-SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY IN THE GENE ENCODING A 60-KILODALTON EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AND OTHER LISTERIA SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; 60-KILODALTON EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; HEMOLYSIN; PROBE; FOOD AB Chromosomal DNA sequences from the 60 kilodalton protein gene of Listeria monocytogenes, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, were used for restriction fragment length polymorphism differentiation of L. monocytogenes serotypes and other Listeria species. All 24 strains of L. monocytogenes examined produced an extracellular protein of molecular weight 60 000 (p60) as determined by Western blot analysis. Four of six other Listeria species had a protein that cross-reacted to antibodies to p60, but all differed in molecular weight, ranging from approximately 50 000 to 65 000. The gene encoding p60 was amplified from chromosomal DNA in all strains using polymerase chain reaction with-a single primer pair. Restriction enzyme digestion with HindIII of the amplified product revealed a restriction pattern that was distinct between serotypes 1/2a and either 4b or 1/2b of L. monocytogenes. Of the other Listeria species, four strains that produced a cross-reacting protein likewise produced a polymerase chain reaction amplification product with the primer pair. Listeria innocua alone had a restriction pattern similar to that of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b and 1/2b. Genotypic heterogeneity, as revealed by DNA amplification and restriction endonuclease digestion of the p60 open reading frame, correlates with "electrophoretic type" grouping and may be related to differences in virulence mechanisms of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,SCI RESOURCE PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 8 BP 865 EP 870 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JQ110 UT WOS:A1992JQ11000020 PM 1458376 ER PT J AU HINMAN, AR AF HINMAN, AR TI THE LABORATORYS ROLE IN PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POLIOMYELITIS; VIRUSES; VACCINES; PUBLIC HEALTH; RUBELLA; SMALLPOX; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS; TUBERCULOSIS ID POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE AB The laboratory is essential for optimal prevention and control of infectious diseases. Its major functions are identification and characterization of infectious agents and development of serological tests. Isolation of the agent and characterization of the immune response can lead to development of some of the most effective prevention tools-vaccines. After prevention/control programs are under way, confirmation of diagnosis remains important. As programs near the state of disease elimination or eradication, the laboratory role is critical in ensuring accurate diagnosis of suspicious illness. In the current global effort to eradicate poliomyelitis, the laboratory has a leading role in identifying poliovirus isolates as being wild or vaccine-like and in determining the relationships among cases of polio. Techniques are being developed that will enable the identification of wild poliovirus in the presence of large quantities of polio vaccine viruses, which will be necessary to document the eradication of polio. RP HINMAN, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1532 EP 1538 PN 2 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA JH684 UT WOS:A1992JH68400006 PM 1643735 ER PT J AU LASKER, BA BROWN, JM MCNEIL, MM AF LASKER, BA BROWN, JM MCNEIL, MM TI IDENTIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC TYPING OF CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATES OF THE GENUS RHODOCOCCUS WITH USE OF A DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED RDNA GENE PROBE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP-NOV; RESTRICTION PATTERNS; LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION; RHODOCHROUS COMPLEX; EQUI INFECTION; ACTINOMYCETE; NOCARDIA; CLASSIFICATION; AURANTIACUS AB Rhodococcus species are ubiquitous in the environment, and several species have been reported to have pathogenic potential for humans. Rhodococcus equi, in particular, has been reported to cause infections in patients with AIDS. However, the identification of Rhodococcus species with use of conventional biochemical tests is problematic, and no simple and reproducible method exists for their rapid identification and differentiation. We found that the type strains of the 20 recognized species in the genus Rhodococcus could be clearly distinguished with use of a combination of the Pvu II and Pst I rRNA gene restriction endonuclease patterns and a digoxigenin-labeled Escherichia coli rDNA probe. Analysis of four clinical or environmental isolates confirmed as Rhodococcus bronchialis showed no interstrain variation of rRNA gene bands. Analysis of 15 isolates confirmed as R. equi from 13 patients showed 11 different rRNA gene patterns. No discernible difference was observed in the ribotype patterns between R. equi isolates from patients for whom AIDS had been diagnosed and those from patients who did not have AIDS, and there was no evidence of geographic clustering of R. equi ribotype patterns. Three of five Rhodococcus species isolates that could not be differentiated with use of conventional biochemical methods were identified with use of ribotype analysis. Therefore, ribotype analysis may provide an important adjunct to current biochemical identification of environmental and clinical isolates of Rhodococcus species. RP LASKER, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JF190 UT WOS:A1992JF19000003 PM 1381620 ER PT J AU WILSON, JF RAUSCH, RL MCMAHON, BJ SCHANTZ, PM AF WILSON, JF RAUSCH, RL MCMAHON, BJ SCHANTZ, PM TI PARASITICIDAL EFFECT OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN ALVEOLAR HYDATID-DISEASE - REVIEW OF EXPERIENCE WITH MEBENDAZOLE AND ALBENDAZOLE IN ALASKAN ESKIMOS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS INFECTION; THERAPY; ELISA; LIVER AB Evidence that the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans is killed by chemotherapy is presented in a review of our 17-year experience with treatment of alveolar hydatid disease in Alaska. The efficacy of chemotherapy was assessed with use of an in vivo assay of parasite viability by means of inoculation of voles, immunohistochemical tests, and histopathologic findings. Of 14 tests performed for nine patients, 12 in vivo assays (86%) were negative after chemotherapy, while only two (17%) of 12 vole tests for seven untreated patients were negative. Regression or arrest of growth of metastatic and primary hepatic lesions, together with their partial-to-complete calcification and prolonged survival times has been observed among patients treated with the benzimidazole compounds. For six who received appropriate chemotherapy, treatment has been discontinued for an average of 4.6 years (range, 3-7 years) without an increase in lesion size or other evidence of reactivation. C1 ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT SURG,ANCHORAGE,AK. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT MED,ANCHORAGE,AK. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT COMPARAT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 15172] NR 36 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 234 EP 249 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JF190 UT WOS:A1992JF19000004 PM 1520758 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B ELLIOTT, JA BUTLER, JC SIMON, PA JAMESON, BL WELCH, GE FACKLAM, RR AF SCHWARTZ, B ELLIOTT, JA BUTLER, JC SIMON, PA JAMESON, BL WELCH, GE FACKLAM, RR TI CLUSTERS OF INVASIVE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN FAMILY, HOSPITAL, AND NURSING-HOME SETTINGS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; PYOGENES BACTEREMIA; PHARYNGITIS; OUTBREAK; PENICILLIN; CEFADROXIL; PROTEIN AB The spread of group A streptococcal infection to close contacts of infected persons is well recognized. With the resurgence of invasive group A streptococcal infections, there is an increased potential for clusters of patients with invasive disease. We reviewed data collected since December 1988 at the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) to identify clusters of infection in which one or more patients had invasive disease. Twelve family clusters were identified. Infection in index cases included the toxic shock-like syndrome and septicemia. Infection in family contacts included invasive infections, pharyngitis, or asymptomatic carriage. Most invasive disease occurred in adults, while the majority of noninvasive infections were in children. Five nosocomial clusters with spread of infection from patients to hospital personnel were documented. All index patients had the toxic shock-like syndrome; secondary infections included the toxic shock-like syndrome, pneumonia, bullous cellulitis, lymphangitis, and pharyngitis. Clusters of invasive infections also were identified in five nursing homes. Pneumonia, cutaneous infections, and the toxic shock-like syndrome occurred most commonly. Clustering by nursing home unit occurred in three outbreaks. In hospitals and nursing homes, improved infection control will likely decrease secondary spread; in families, spread of disease may be prevented by identifying and treating those harboring the organism or by chemoprophylaxis. Studies that characterize the rate of secondary infection are needed before definitive recommendations can be made. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,DENVER,CO. S DAKOTA DEPT HLTH,DIV PUBL HLTH & COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,PIERRE,SD. RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JF190 UT WOS:A1992JF19000009 PM 1520763 ER PT J AU WETTERHALL, SF OLSON, DR DESTEFANO, F STEVENSON, JM FORD, ES GERMAN, RR WILL, JC NEWMAN, JM SEPE, SJ VINICOR, F AF WETTERHALL, SF OLSON, DR DESTEFANO, F STEVENSON, JM FORD, ES GERMAN, RR WILL, JC NEWMAN, JM SEPE, SJ VINICOR, F TI TRENDS IN DIABETES AND DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS, 1980-1987 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVE - Although diabetes is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, only recently has a unified national surveillance system begun to monitor trends in diabetes and diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We established a diabetes surveillance system using data for 1980-1987 from vital records, the National Health Interview Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Health Care Financing Administration's records to examine trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, diabetes mortality, hospitalization, and diabetic complications. RESULTS - From 1980 through 1987, the number of individuals known to have diabetes increased by 1 million-to 6.82 million. Age-standardized prevalence for diabetes increased 9% during this period, from 25.4 to 27.6/1000 U.S. residents (P = 0.03). The incidence of diabetes increased among women (P = 0.003), particularly among those > 65 yr old (P = 0.02). Age-standardized mortality rates (for diabetes as either an underlying or contributing cause) per 100,000 individuals with diabetes declined 12%, from 2350 to 2066. Annual mortality rates from stroke (as an underlying cause and diabetes as a contributing cause) and diabetic ketoacidosis declined 29% (P = 0.003) and 22% (P < 0.001), respectively. During these 8 yr, hospitalization rates for major CVD and stroke (as the primary diagnoses and diabetes as a secondary diagnosis) increased 34% (P = 0.006) and 38% (P = 0.01), respectively. Also during this period, hospitalization rates increased 21% for diabetic ketoacidosis (P = 0.01) and 29% for lower-extremity amputations (P = 0.06). From 1982 through 1986, treatment for endstage renal disease related to diabetes increased > 10% each year (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was nearly twice as high in blacks as in whites (P = 0.04). Blacks also had increased rates of lower-extremity amputation (P = 0.02), diabetic ketoacidosis (P < 0.001), and end-stage renal disease (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS - Diabetes surveillance data will be useful in planning, targeting, and evaluating public health efforts designed to prevent and control diabetes and its complications. RP WETTERHALL, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,MAILSTOP K-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 8 BP 960 EP 967 DI 10.2337/diacare.15.8.960 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JF369 UT WOS:A1992JF36900003 PM 1324144 ER PT J AU VINICOR, F WALKER, EA CHERRINGTON, AD FISHER, JN HEINS, J AF VINICOR, F WALKER, EA CHERRINGTON, AD FISHER, JN HEINS, J TI DUPLICATE PUBLICATION IN AMERICAN-DIABETES-ASSOCIATION JOURNALS - CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP VINICOR, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,1600 CLIFTON RD K10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1061 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JF369 UT WOS:A1992JF36900022 ER EF