FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU GARZA, BW DROTMAN, DP MARTIN, LS MCDOUGAL, JS BOND, WW JONES, TS AF GARZA, BW DROTMAN, DP MARTIN, LS MCDOUGAL, JS BOND, WW JONES, TS TI HIV-1 AND BLEACH SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; INACTIVATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP GARZA, BW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MW114 UT WOS:A1994MW11400012 PM 8301527 ER PT J AU FERNANDO, NH PETERSEN, LR CONWAY, GA CRITCHLEY, SE AF FERNANDO, NH PETERSEN, LR CONWAY, GA CRITCHLEY, SE TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AMONG CLINICAL LABORATORY SPECIMENS - FINDINGS FROM A SURVEY OF PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; PRECAUTIONS; SEROPREVALENCE ID UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; HOSPITALS; BLOOD AB To evaluate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection among patients of primary care physicians, we performed anonymous, unlinked HIV-1 antibody testing on leftover blood specimens submitted to 10 large commercial clinical laboratories for complete blood cell count or hematocrit determination, the most commonly ordered diagnostic tests. From January through August 1990, 55,613 specimens submitted by general internists, pediatricians, and family practitioners were sampled; 1,104 (2.0%) had HIV-1 antibody. Seroprevalence among the laboratories varied 50-fold, from 0.3 to 12.4%. The HIV-1 prevalence at each laboratory was not always consistent with the AIDS incidence in the area served by the laboratory. Overall the seroprevalence was almost eight times higher in men (3.9%) than in women (0.5%). Specimens from seropositive persons, especially from men, were unevenly distributed among the physician practices; only three practices submitted approximately 50% of all specimens from seropositive men. These data indicate that a few physicians treat the majority of HIV-1-infected primary care patients. The HIV-1 prevalence among specimens at a clinical laboratory is thus determined by whether few physicians submit specimens to that laboratory. These results could be of use, for instance, in analyzing proposals to mandate physician reporting of HIV-1 infection. The high HIV-1 prevalence among laboratory specimens underscores the potential for exposure to HIV-1-infected blood by clinical laboratory personnel and emphasizes the need for universal precautions for all blood specimens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MW114 UT WOS:A1994MW11400014 PM 8301529 ER PT J AU LIANG, TJ HASEGAWA, K MUNOZ, SJ SHAPIRO, CN YOFFE, B MCMAHON, BJ FENG, CY BEI, HC ALTER, MJ DIENSTAG, JL AF LIANG, TJ HASEGAWA, K MUNOZ, SJ SHAPIRO, CN YOFFE, B MCMAHON, BJ FENG, CY BEI, HC ALTER, MJ DIENSTAG, JL TI HEPATITIS-B VIRUS PRECORE MUTATION AND FULMINANT-HEPATITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES - A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SPECIFIC MUTATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS B VIRUS; FULMINANT HEPATITIS; PRECORE MUTATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; HEPATITIS C VIRUS ID E-ANTIGEN; LIVER-DISEASE; INFECTION; MUTANT; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODY; REGION; DNA; RNA AB Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants with precore mutation(s) resulting in the absence of HBeAg production have been associated with the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis in Japan, Israel, and southern Europe, where the prevalence of this HBV strain appears common. In areas such as United States, where HBV infection is not endemic, the role of this mutant virus in fulminant hepatitis is unknown. We developed an amplification refractory mutation detection system to detect specifically the presence of the G to A mutation at nucleotide position 1898, which is the most frequently observed mutation resulting in a precore stop codon. In addition, this method provided a quantitative measurement of the relative ratio of one strain to the other. Using this system, we tested E-IBV strains for the presence of the stop codon mutation in sera from 40 cases of fulminant hepatitis B occurring in the United States. Serum HBV DNAs from 28 patients were analyzed successfully. A mixture of wild-type and mutant strains in various ratios were observed in 15 patients, mild type exclusively in 11, and mutant exclusively in 2. Four of these patients had undergone liver transplantation for HBV-associated cirrhosis and developed fulminant HBV-associated hepatitis after transplantation. Pre- and posttransplant serum samples from one patient were analyzed: a mixture of wild-type and mutant HBV strains was detected in both samples. Our study demonstrated that both wild-type and mutant HBV strains are associated with fulminant hepatitis, and that in some patients in the United States, factors other than precore mutations contribute to the development of fulminant hepatitis. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. JEFFERSON MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL & HEPATOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DIV GI,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. RP LIANG, TJ (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MED SERV,GASTROINTESTINAL UNIT,JACKSON 812,FRUIT ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-54524]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-01952] NR 28 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 93 IS 2 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1172/JCI117006 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MY296 UT WOS:A1994MY29600017 PM 8113393 ER PT J AU NOORDHOEK, GT KOLK, AHJ BJUNE, G CATTY, D DALE, JW FINE, PEM GODFREYFAUSSETT, P CHO, SN SHINNICK, T SVENSON, SB WILSON, S VANEMBDEN, JDA AF NOORDHOEK, GT KOLK, AHJ BJUNE, G CATTY, D DALE, JW FINE, PEM GODFREYFAUSSETT, P CHO, SN SHINNICK, T SVENSON, SB WILSON, S VANEMBDEN, JDA TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF PCR FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS - A BLIND COMPARISON STUDY AMONG 7 LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; COMPLEX STRAINS; BOVIS BCG; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIMENS; ELEMENT AB PCR is, in principle, a simple and rapid test for use in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, virtually no data are available on the reliability and reproducibility of the method. In order to assess the validity of PCR for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical samples, seven laboratories participated in a blinded study of 200 sputum, saliva, and water samples containing either known numbers of Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells or no added organisms. Each laboratory used its own protocol for pretreatment, DNA extraction, and detection of the amplification product. Insertion sequence IS6110 was the target for DNA amplification. Several participating laboratories reported high levels of false-positive PCR results, with rates ranging from 3 to 20% and with one extreme value of 77%. The levels of sensitivity also ranged widely among the different participants. A positive PCR result was reported for 2 to 90% of the samples with 10(3) mycobacteria. Although most participants did include control tests to check the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR, the sequence of operations from sample pretreatment to purification of DNA from bacteria was not always monitored adequately. During these procedures cross contaminating DNA was introduced and/or bacterial DNA was lost. The results of the study show that the implementation of an effective system for monitoring sensitivity and specificity is required before the PCR can be used reliably in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. C1 ROYAL TROP INST,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM,ENGLAND. UNIV SURREY,GUILDFORD,SURREY,ENGLAND. LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. YONSEI UNIV,COLL MED,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP NOORDHOEK, GT (reprint author), PUBL HLTH LAB,PB 21020,8900 JA LEEUWARDEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 53 TC 324 Z9 335 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200001 PM 8150935 ER PT J AU KHAN, AS MOE, CL GLASS, RI MONROE, SS ESTES, MK CHAPMAN, LE JIANG, X HUMPHREY, C PON, E ISKANDER, JK SCHONBERGER, LB AF KHAN, AS MOE, CL GLASS, RI MONROE, SS ESTES, MK CHAPMAN, LE JIANG, X HUMPHREY, C PON, E ISKANDER, JK SCHONBERGER, LB TI NORWALK VIRUS-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS TRACED TO ICE CONSUMPTION ABOARD A CRUISE SHIP IN HAWAII - COMPARISON AND APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR METHOD-BASED ASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; RESTAURANT AB Investigation of an outbreak of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis on a cruise ship provided an opportunity to assess new molecular method-based diagnostic methods for Norwalk virus (NV) and the antibody response to NV infection. The outbreak began within 36 h of embarkation and affected 30% of 672 passengers and crew. No single meal, seating, or food item was implicated in the transmission of NV, but a passenger's risk of illness was associated with the amount of ice (but not water) consumed (chi-square for trend, P = 0.009). Of 19 fecal specimens examined, 7 were found to contain 27-nm NV-like particles by electron microscopy and 16 were positive by PCR with very sensitive NV-specific primers, but only 5 were positive by a new highly specific antigen enzyme immunoassay for NV. Ten of 12 serum specimen pairs demonstrated a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer io recombinant baculovirus-expressed NV antigen. The amplified PCR band shared only 81% nucleotide sequence homology with the reference NV strain, which may explain the lack of utility of the fecal specimen enzyme immunoassay. This report, the first to document the use of these molecular method-based assays for investigation of an outbreak, demonstrates the importance of highly sensitive viral diagnostics such as PCR and serodiagnosis for the epidemiologic investigation of NV gastroenteritis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,DIV MICROANALYT EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI 96813. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 30448] NR 26 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200007 PM 8150941 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC ARBEIT, R ARCHER, G BIDDLE, J BYRNE, S GOERING, R HANCOCK, G HEBERT, GA HILL, B HOLLIS, R JARVIS, WR KREISWIRTH, B EISNER, W MASLOW, J MCDOUGAL, LK MILLER, JM MULLIGAN, M PFALLER, MA AF TENOVER, FC ARBEIT, R ARCHER, G BIDDLE, J BYRNE, S GOERING, R HANCOCK, G HEBERT, GA HILL, B HOLLIS, R JARVIS, WR KREISWIRTH, B EISNER, W MASLOW, J MCDOUGAL, LK MILLER, JM MULLIGAN, M PFALLER, MA TI COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS OF TYPING ISOLATES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STRAINS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; OXACILLIN-RESISTANT; PLASMID DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; OUTBREAK; PATTERNS; INFECTIONS AB Fifty-nine Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 1 isolate of Staphylococcus intermedius were typed by investigators at eight institutions by using either antibiograms, bacteriophage typing, biotyping, immunoblotting, insertion sequence typing with IS257/431, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, restriction analysis of plasmid DNA, pulsed-field or field inversion gel electrophoresis, restriction analysis of PCR-amplified coagulase gene sequences, restriction fragment length polymorphism typing by using four staphylococcal genes as probes, or ribotyping. Isolates from four well-characterized outbreaks (n = 29) and a collection of organisms from two nursing homes were mixed with epidemiologically unrelated stock strains from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Several isolates were included multiple times either within or between the sets of isolates to analyze the reproducibilities of the typing systems. Overall, the DNA-based techniques and immunoblotting were most effective in grouping outbreak-related strains, recognizing 27 to 29 of the 29 outbreak-related strains; however, they also tended to include 3 to 8 epidemiologically unrelated isolates in the slime strain type. Restriction fragment length polymorphism methods with mec gene-associated loci were less useful than other techniques for typing oxacillin-susceptible isolates. Phage typing, plasmid DNA restriction analysis, and antibiogram analysis, the techniques most readily available to clinical laboratories, identified 23 to 26 of 29 outbreak-related isolates and assigned 0 to 6 unrelated isolates to outbreak strain types. No single technique was clearly superior to the others; however, biotyping, because it produced so many subtypes, did not effectively group outbreak-related strains of S. aureus. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,BOSTON,MA 02130. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02130. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT MED,RICHMOND,VA 23298. PROV LAB,VANCOUVER V5Z 1LB,BC,CANADA. CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68178. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. PUBL HLTH RES INST,NEW YORK,NY 10016. LONG BEACH VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,LONG BEACH,CA 90822. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 371 Z9 384 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 407 EP 415 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200021 PM 7908673 ER PT J AU GILL, JS MCLEAN, RG SHRINER, RB JOHNSON, RC AF GILL, JS MCLEAN, RG SHRINER, RB JOHNSON, RC TI SEROLOGIC SURVEILLANCE FOR THE LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE, BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI, IN MINNESOTA BY USING WHITE-TAILED DEER AS SENTINEL ANIMALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G RESPONSE; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; ANTIBODIES; CONNECTICUT; DIAGNOSIS; IXODIDAE; AGENT; DOGS AB To determine the effectiveness of white-tailed deer as sentinel animals in serologic surveillance programs for Borrelia burgdorferi, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting analyses on 467 deer serum samples. The seropositivity rate in the ELISA was 5% for the 150 samples collected at the three sites in which the tick Lxodes scapularis was absent. The three sites with established I. scapularis populations had a seropositivity rate of 80% for 317 samples. Results were similar for two closely situated sites, one with an established I. scapularis population and one without; these sites were only 15 km apart. Rates of seropositivity were significantly higher in yearling and adult deer than in fawns. The mean numbers of bands seen on Western immunoblots were 3.0 for samples negative in the ELISA and 13.8 for samples positive in the ELISA; all of these samples were collected from sites in which I. scapularis was established. At sites in which I. scapularis was absent, the mean numbers of bands seen were 1.6 for samples negative in the ELISA and 8.2 for samples positive in the ELISA. There were 14 different B. burgdorferi antigens that reacted with more than 50% of the ELISA-positive samples from areas with I. scapularis. A 19.5-kDa antigen reacted with 94% of the ELISA-positive samples. Reactivity against OspA and OspB was weak and infrequent (2%). Serologic analysis of white-tailed deer sera appears to be an accurate and sensitive surveillance method for determining whether B. burgdorferi is present in specific geographic locations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BONE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP GILL, JS (reprint author), UNIV OSTEOPATH MED & HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,3200 GRAND AVE,DES MOINES,IA 50312, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR34744] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 444 EP 451 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200027 PM 8150955 ER PT J AU CHANG, GJJ TRENT, DW VORNDAM, AV VERGNE, E KINNEY, RM MITCHELL, CJ AF CHANG, GJJ TRENT, DW VORNDAM, AV VERGNE, E KINNEY, RM MITCHELL, CJ TI AN INTEGRATED TARGET SEQUENCE AND SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION ASSAY, REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY, TO DETECT AND CHARACTERIZE FLAVIVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB We previously described a reverse transcriptase-PCR using flavivirus genus-conserved and virus species-specific amplimers (D. W. Trent and G. J. Chang, p. 355-371, in Y. Becker and C. Darai; ed., Frontiers of Virology, vol. 1, 1992). Target amplification was improved by redesigning the amplimers, and a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique has been developed to detect amplified digoxigenin (DIG)-modified DNA. A single biotin motif and multiple DIG motifs were incorporated into each amplicon, which permitted amplicon capture by a biotin-streptavidin interaction and detection with DIG-specific antiserum in a colorimetric ELISA. We evaluated the utility of this assay for detecting St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viral RNA in infected mosquitoes and dengue viral RNA in human serum specimens. The reverse transcriptase-PCR-ELISA was as sensitive as isolation of SLE virus by cell culture in detecting SLE viral RNA in infected mosquitoes. The test was 89% specific and 95 to 100% sensitive for identification of dengue viral RNA in serum specimens compared with isolation of virus by Aedes albopictus C6/36 cell culture and identification by the indirect immunofluorescence assay. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200034 PM 7512096 ER PT J AU BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA GROSS, WM AF BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA GROSS, WM TI CROSS-REACTIVITY OF GENETIC PROBE FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS WITH NEWLY DESCRIBED SPECIES MYCOBACTERIUM-CELATUM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX AB An acridinium ester-labeled DNA probe (AccuProbe; Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex gave discrepant results with the newly described species M. celatum. Examination of 20 strains of M. celatum showed that 8 were positive with the probe; the remaining 12 were negative. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS,VA REFERENCE LAB TUBERCULOSIS & OTHER MYCOBACTERI,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP BUTLER, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 536 EP 538 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR792 UT WOS:A1994MR79200047 PM 7512098 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW HADLER, SC STRIKAS, RA FEDSON, DS KATZ, SL AF SUTTER, RW HADLER, SC STRIKAS, RA FEDSON, DS KATZ, SL TI TETANUS IMMUNIZATION - CONCERNS ABOUT THE ELDERLY AND ABOUT DIPHTHERIA REEMERGENCE SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,INFANT IMMUNIZAT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA MW508 UT WOS:A1994MW50800018 PM 8164077 ER PT J AU DUMITRESCU, O KALISH, ML KLIKS, SC BANDEA, CI LEVY, JA AF DUMITRESCU, O KALISH, ML KLIKS, SC BANDEA, CI LEVY, JA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ISOLATES FROM CHILDREN IN ROMANIA - IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW ENVELOPE SUBTYPE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; RETROVIRUS; INFECTION; PATTERNS; HIV-1; AIDS AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates recovered from infected children in Romania were characterized for their biologic, serologic, and molecular properties. The isolates were from subjects in different clinical states, and all showed cytopathic properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and varying kinetics of replication. The isolates grew to varying titers in macrophages and established T cell lines. Serologic evaluation with Romanian sera indicated stronger antibody response to the gp120 of Romanian isolates than to the envelope protein of HIV-1 isolates from other countries. Although there was cross-neutralization among the Romanian isolates, no substantial activity was noted against HIV-1 prototype strains from the United States, Africa, and Thailand. Genetic analysis of the envelope C2-V3 region strongly suggests that the Romanian isolates are a subtype distinct from those assigned to other HIV-1 strains analyzed to date. This finding raises questions about the origin of HIV-1 in Romania. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,CANC RES INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26471] NR 25 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 169 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MV829 UT WOS:A1994MV82900008 PM 8106761 ER PT J AU CHIN, DP HOPEWELL, PC YAJKO, DM VITTINGHOFF, E HORSBURGH, CR HADLEY, WK STONE, EN NASSOS, PS OSTROFF, SM JACOBSON, MA MATKIN, CC REINGOLD, AL AF CHIN, DP HOPEWELL, PC YAJKO, DM VITTINGHOFF, E HORSBURGH, CR HADLEY, WK STONE, EN NASSOS, PS OSTROFF, SM JACOBSON, MA MATKIN, CC REINGOLD, AL TI MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX IN THE RESPIRATORY OR GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AND THE RISK OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX BACTEREMIA IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULARE; PREDICTORS; AIDS AB Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is frequently isolated from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Whether they are at increased risk of MAC bacteremia and whether culture of respiratory tract or stool specimens is useful for predicting bacteremia are unclear. HIV-infected patients with less than or equal to 50 CD4(+) cells/mu L were prospectively studied. The risk of MAC bacteremia was similar to 60% within 1 year for patients with MAC in either the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and was greater than for those without MAC in these sites (relative hazards for respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, 2.3 and 6.0; 95% confidence intervals, 1.1-4.6 and 2.5-14.6, respectively). Both respiratory tract specimen and stool culture had poor sensitivities (22% and 20%, respectively) but good positive predictive values (similar to 60%) for bacteremia. Symptomatic HIV-infected patients with MAC in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract are at a substantial risk for developing MAC bacteremia; culture of these sites has limited usefulness as a screening test. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BIOSTAT PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHIN, DP (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,MED CTR,MED SERV,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,ROOM 5K1,1001 POTRERO AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. NR 20 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 169 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MV829 UT WOS:A1994MV82900009 PM 7906290 ER PT J AU LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOPH, D LEVINE, PH AF LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOPH, D LEVINE, PH TI SEQUENCE VARIATION WITHIN THE IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE-CODING REGION FROM THE EXTERNAL GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IN ISOLATES FROM SEMINOLE INDIANS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CELL LEUKEMIA AB Western blot analysis of 16 serum specimens from Seminole Indians demonstrated that 14 reacted with the type-specific recombinant epitope (rgp46(II+)) of human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II), whereas the remaining 2 specimens did not (rgp46(II-)). Both rgp46(II-) specimens demonstrated presence of HTLV-II genome by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Culture of 1 of these specimens demonstrated presence of type C retrovirus particles by electron microscopy, and p24(gag) antigens were detectable in culture supernatant. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 557 bp in the env gene (position 5405-5961) from 2 each of the rgp46(II-) and rgp46(II+) specimens demonstrated sequence conservation in the rgp46(II) epitope (K-55(162-205)). Thus, lack of immune reactivity to rgp46 is not due to sequence variation within this epitope. This observation suggests that immunodominant env epitopes may not be universally recognized. Therefore, specimens with p24(gag) and r21e(env) reactivity in modified Western blot assays should be further tested by more sensitive techniques. C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 169 IS 2 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MV829 UT WOS:A1994MV82900026 PM 7508969 ER PT J AU WEYANT, RS QUINN, FD UTT, EA WORLEY, M GEORGE, VG CANDAL, FJ ADES, EW AF WEYANT, RS QUINN, FD UTT, EA WORLEY, M GEORGE, VG CANDAL, FJ ADES, EW TI HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL TOXICITY CAUSED BY BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER-ASSOCIATED STRAINS OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID AUSTRALIA AB An in vitro cytotoxicity model that uses an immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) differentiates Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)-associated Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (HAE) strains from non-BPF-associated HAE strains. Toxic strains produced a characteristic HMEC-1 phenotype at an MOI of < 1 bacterium/1000 tissue culture cells (TCC). Nontoxic strains required MOIs of > 1000 bacteria/TCC to produce an observable effect. The cytotoxic phenotype was characterized by the presence of large clumps of HMEC-1 cells, which detached from the monolayer within 48 h of inoculation by HAE cells. The cytotoxic phenotype was observed with 100% of BPF-associated HAE (40/40) and 14% of non-BPF-associated HAE (8/57; P < .001). The ability to study a BPF-associated phenotype in vitro using human microvascular cells should enhance our knowledge of BPF pathogenesis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WEYANT, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 169 IS 2 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MV829 UT WOS:A1994MV82900031 PM 8106777 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA TENOVER, FC BAKER, C PLIKAYTIS, BD REEVES, MW STOCKER, SA WEAVER, RE WENGER, JD DEAVER, KA PIERCE, R ANDERSON, G DAILY, P KRAUS, K PATTNI, B STONE, E REINGOLD, AL RADOS, M TAYLOR, J LEFKOWITZ, L HARVEY, C STULL, T FARLEY, M STEPHENS, D AF JACKSON, LA TENOVER, FC BAKER, C PLIKAYTIS, BD REEVES, MW STOCKER, SA WEAVER, RE WENGER, JD DEAVER, KA PIERCE, R ANDERSON, G DAILY, P KRAUS, K PATTNI, B STONE, E REINGOLD, AL RADOS, M TAYLOR, J LEFKOWITZ, L HARVEY, C STULL, T FARLEY, M STEPHENS, D TI PREVALENCE OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS RELATIVELY RESISTANT TO PENICILLIN IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CHILDREN; STRAINS AB To estimate the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis relatively resistant to penicillin in the United States, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all US meningococcal isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1991, including isolates identified through population-based surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease in selected areas of the United States. Three of the 100 isolates tested had MICs of penicillin of 0.125 mu g/mL. All were serogroup B, beta-lactamase-negative, and unique by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis subtyping. None of the 3 patients had been treated solely with penicillin; all recovered completely. About 4% of the isolates obtained from the population-based surveillance system were relatively penicillin-resistant. Given the low prevalence and uncertain clinical significance of infection with these organisms, routine susceptibility testing of meningococcal isolates is not indicated at this time; however, continued surveillance is necessary to monitor trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of meningococci in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 169 IS 2 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MV829 UT WOS:A1994MV82900033 PM 8106779 ER PT J AU TASSOPOULOS, NC KRAWCZYNSKI, K HATZAKIS, A KATSOULIDOU, A DELLADETSIMA, I KOUTELOU, MG TRICHOPOULOS, D AF TASSOPOULOS, NC KRAWCZYNSKI, K HATZAKIS, A KATSOULIDOU, A DELLADETSIMA, I KOUTELOU, MG TRICHOPOULOS, D TI ROLE OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED NON-A, NON-B-HEPATITIS IN GREECE - CASE-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Note DE ACUTE HEPATITIS; NANBH; HEV; HEPATITIS C VIRUS ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; SPORADIC HEPATITIS; C VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; MEXICO AB The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a population of Greek adults with community-acquired (sporadic) non-A, non-B hepatitis found to be seronegative for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). All patients admitted to the Liver Unit of Western Attica General Hospital and diagnosed as having acute community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis between February, 1986, and May, 1990, were enrolled in follow up studies (n = 66). Nineteen patients with HCV infection and 11 patients with acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis that progressed to chronicity were excluded. Convalescent sera were tested for antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) by a fluorescent antibody blocking assay in 33 of 36 eligible patients. One of the 33 (3%) patients was found to be positive for anti-HEV. Anti-HEV testing of all 20 available serum specimens from this patient showed evidence of anti-HEV seroconversion at the fourth week after the onset of hepatitis. The patient had not travelled abroad or within Greece or had not had apparent contact with people from foreign countries for the previous 3 months. These data show that HEV infection is not a major cause of community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis in Greece. However, the reported case of HEV hepatitis suggests that HEV may retain a low endemicity in Greece. More extensive seroprevalence studies are needed for an accurate estimation of the extent of HEV infection in the southeastern European countries. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV ATHENS, SCH MED, DEPT HYG & EPIDEMIOL, ATHENS, GREECE. LAIKON GEN HOSP, PATHOL LAB, ATHENS, GREECE. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. RP TASSOPOULOS, NC (reprint author), WESTERN ATTICA GEN HOSP, DEPT MED 1, LIVER UNIT, 1 DODECANISSOU ST, GR-12351 ATHENS, GREECE. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890420205 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA MT785 UT WOS:A1994MT78500004 PM 8158106 ER PT J AU TEPPER, A MOSS, CE AF TEPPER, A MOSS, CE TI WALDENSTROMS MACROGLOBULINEMIA - SEARCH FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; HEALTH AB Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) that occurred in employees from one university academic department were investigated using approaches for both cluster and single case investigation. Common personal characteristics and potential past hazardous exposures were evaluated. The patients shared a young age at diagnosis, worked in the same building, and had similar duration of time between first entering the building and diagnosis of WM. No evidence was found to support the original hypothesis that exposure to radioactive material could be related to the occurrence of WM. Although this investigation did not identify a common causal agent among two cases of a rare disease, investigations of disease clusters may be useful for developing etiologic hypotheses even when a full-scale epidemiologic study is not undertaken. Detailed descriptions of case characteristics can help generate ideas for further research. RP TEPPER, A (reprint author), NIOSH,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 36 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1097/00043764-199402000-00007 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MX607 UT WOS:A1994MX60700004 PM 8176510 ER PT J AU MONAFO, WJ HASLAM, DB ROBERTS, RL ZAKI, SR BELLINI, WJ COFFIN, CM AF MONAFO, WJ HASLAM, DB ROBERTS, RL ZAKI, SR BELLINI, WJ COFFIN, CM TI DISSEMINATED MEASLES INFECTION AFTER VACCINATION IN A CHILD WITH A CONGENITAL IMMUNODEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note AB An infant boy with a congenital immunodeficiency had fatal disseminated measles after administration of a live attenuated measles vaccine. This rare complication was confirmed with molecular virologic techniques. Although efforts to expand availability of vaccinations are critically important, caution is warranted in children with potentially severe immunologic dysfunction. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, ST LOUIS, MO USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, MEASLES VIRUS SECT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RI Haslam, David/G-3825-2012 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 124 IS 2 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70318-3 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MV834 UT WOS:A1994MV83400019 PM 8301437 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RR FRANKS, JR PEKKARINEN, JO AF DAVIS, RR FRANKS, JR PEKKARINEN, JO TI HEARING-LOSS IN THE CHINCHILLA FROM IMPACT AND CONTINUOUS NOISE EXPOSURE (VOL 90, PG 1979, 1991) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction, Addition RP DAVIS, RR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 95 IS 2 BP 1165 EP 1166 DI 10.1121/1.410007 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA MW284 UT WOS:A1994MW28400061 ER PT J AU RESNICK, NM BECKETT, LA BRANCH, LG SCHERR, PA WETLE, T AF RESNICK, NM BECKETT, LA BRANCH, LG SCHERR, PA WETLE, T TI SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY OF SELF-REPORT OF INCONTINENCE IN OLDER PERSONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; QUESTIONNAIRE; PATTERNS AB Objective: Virtually all estimates of the prevalence and incidence of incontinence in the community rely on self-reported continence status. The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of this measure in older adults. Design: Telephone interviews administered approximately 2 weeks apart. Setting: Community-based congregate living facility. Participants: A convenience sample of approximately 100 residents was contacted by letter; 48 of 51 (94%) who indicated their willingness to participate were interviewed. They included eight men and 40 women >70 years old (79% >80 years old), virtually all of whom were independent in basic ADLs and 83% of whom reported their health as good or excellent. Measurement: Responses to a structured questionnaire. Main Results: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 40% at baseline and 44% on re-interview; the prevalence of fecal incontinence was 17% on both occasions. All Spearman correlations for items related to urinary incontinence characteristics were between .80 and .86, except for a question related to stress incontinence (r = .62); correlations for fecal incontinence were .67-.69. Conclusion: Prevalence estimates of incontinence are stable over a 2-week period. However, the variability of individual responses, while relatively low, was within the range previously reported for estimates of incidence and remission rates of incontinence in community-dwelling elderly. This, variability should be taken into consideration when interpreting previous studies and designing future ones. C1 BROCKTON W ROXBURY DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,GRECC,BROCKTON,MA. BROCKTON W ROXBURY DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DIV UROL,BROCKTON,MA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02131. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. ABT ASSOCIATES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. INST LIVING,HARTFORD,CT. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED & HLTH CARE,STORRS,CT. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,TRAVELERS CTR AGING,STORRS,CT. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP RESNICK, NM (reprint author), BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV GERONTOL,75 FRANCIS ST,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08812] NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA MW106 UT WOS:A1994MW10600016 PM 8126337 ER PT J AU FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOV, YE FIELDS, HA KHUDYAKOVA, NS PADHYE, N ALTER, MJ MAST, E POLISH, L YASHINA, TL YARASHEVA, DM ONISCHENKO, GG MARGOLIS, HS AF FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOV, YE FIELDS, HA KHUDYAKOVA, NS PADHYE, N ALTER, MJ MAST, E POLISH, L YASHINA, TL YARASHEVA, DM ONISCHENKO, GG MARGOLIS, HS TI ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODY TO HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-BASED ON SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS E VIRUS; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; EPIDEMIC; IDENTIFICATION AB Five synthetic peptides were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of open reading frames 2 and 3 encoded in the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome and were used to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of anti-HEV activity in sera. Three different approaches were employed to ascertain the optimal preparation of these peptides as an immunodiagnostic reagent, including (1) a mixture of unconjugated peptides, (2) conjugating individual peptides to bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by mixing each conjugate at various concentrations, and (3) mixing the peptides before conjugation with BSA to create an artificial antigen complex. The third method was superior in discriminating anti-HEV activity in sera previously tested by Western blot (WB). A frequency distribution of optical density values demonstrated that the peptide-based EIA was able to readily discriminate anti-HEV positive sera from sera devoid of anti-HEV activity. To confirm anti-HEV activity a neutralization test was developed using a mixture of 5 unconjugated peptides. With the exception of sera containing high levels of anti-HEV activity, all sera were neutralized greater than 50%. Strong sera required a higher dilution before a 50% neutralization was achieved. The sensitivity of the WB compared to EIA was 89.5% with and overall concordance of 94.8%. The peptide-EIA was used to determine anti-HEV activity in sera collected from various populations worldwide. In six outbreaks of ET-NANB,hepatitis in various geographic regions, anti-HEV activity was demonstrated in 78-100% of cases. The peptide-EIA also detected anti-HEV activity in 14 out of 14 follow-up sera obtained 4-6 months after onset of disease and in 2 of 2 of these patients 5 yr after the acute episode. Anti-HEV activity was found in 8.5% of sera obtain from a healthy population residing in an HEV endemic region and 0.5% in two non-endemic regions (P<0.001). These data demonstrate that a synthetic peptide-based EIA is sensitive for detecting anti-HEV activity in the sera of patients with acute hepatitis E, convalescents, and among healthy individuals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 1994 VL 46 IS 2 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90106-6 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MZ309 UT WOS:A1994MZ30900011 PM 8188817 ER PT J AU LILLIBRIDGE, SR CONRAD, K STINSON, N NOJI, EK AF LILLIBRIDGE, SR CONRAD, K STINSON, N NOJI, EK TI HAITIAN MASS MIGRATION - UNIFORMED SERVICE MEDICAL SUPPORT, MAY 1992 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Beginning in November 1991. the United States Department of Defense established a Joint Task Force (JTF) to deal with the mass migration of Haitians. During the next 9 months, pending a determination of their immigration status, 34,000 Haitians were managed by uniformed service personnel at a temporary camp facility at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. To meet the urgent clinical and public health needs of this population, the JTF developed a camp medical system. This article describes the system of uniformed service medical support for the Haitians at the Guantanamo Bay facility during May 1992, the busiest month of the operation, when 11,400 Haitians (34% of the total) arrived. RP LILLIBRIDGE, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 159 IS 2 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NB549 UT WOS:A1994NB54900018 PM 8202245 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE LAWTON, RL GIOVINO, GA ERIKSEN, MP NOVOTNY, TE AF NELSON, DE LAWTON, RL GIOVINO, GA ERIKSEN, MP NOVOTNY, TE TI THE CAUSE OF DEATH IS DYING SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA NF428 UT WOS:A1994NF42800021 PM 8008751 ER PT J AU GORSKY, RD KOPLAN, JP PETERSON, HB THACKER, SB AF GORSKY, RD KOPLAN, JP PETERSON, HB THACKER, SB TI RELATIVE RISKS AND BENEFITS OF LONG-TERM ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY - A DECISION-ANALYSIS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; HORMONE-REPLACEMENT; POSTMENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; NURSES HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; WOMEN; PROGESTIN; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Objective: To evaluate the relative risks and benefits of exogenous estrogen use among women entering the climacteric and to consider estrogen use for relief of symptoms or prevention of disease. Methods: Decision analysis was used to assess the value of estrogen replacement therapy in a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 women assumed to be age 50 years; health outcomes were extrapolated to age 75. Risk ratios for mortality and morbidity of health outcomes associated with the use of estrogen replacement therapy were based on longitudinal studies reported in the literature. Results: Estrogen use for 25 years would decrease fatal coronary heart disease events by 48% (567 cases), decrease deaths from hip fracture by 49% (75), increase deaths from breast cancer by 21% (39), and increase deaths from endometrial cancer by 207% (29 excess deaths). On balance, 25 years of estrogen replacement therapy in a cohort of 10,000 women would prevent 574 deaths. Further, women using estrogens for 25 years would gain 3951 quality-adjusted life years compared with women not using estrogens. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the benefits of estrogen replacement therapy outweigh the risks under most assumptions. Conclusion: In a hypothetical, population-based analysis, the health benefits of postmenopausal estrogen replacement exceed the health risks incurred. Nevertheless, clinicians must still evaluate each individual's risks and needs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH MANAGEMENT & POLICY,DURHAM,NH. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 83 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MT964 UT WOS:A1994MT96400001 PM 8290175 ER PT J AU SWINDELLS, S DURHAM, T JOHANSSON, SL KAUFMAN, L AF SWINDELLS, S DURHAM, T JOHANSSON, SL KAUFMAN, L TI ORAL HISTOPLASMOSIS IN A PATIENT INFECTED WITH HIV - A CASE-REPORT SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Note AB Histoplasmosis is a frequent complication of HIV infection and is usually the result of reactivation. In the immunocompromised host, histoplasmosis may cause a chronic pulmonary infection or disseminated disease. In the setting of disseminated disease, oral lesions are present in 30% to 50% of patients and may occur in almost every part of the oral mucosa. The most common sites are the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. In some cases, oral lesions appear to be the primary or only manifestation of disease. We have been able to find only five case reports in the literature of histoplasmosis in HIV infection with oral lesions. In two of the cases, histoplasmosis was apparently localized to the oral cavity, whereas two cases also had evidence of disseminated disease, the fifth was undetermined. We report one such case of apparently localized oral histoplasmosis in a patient with HIV infection. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT ADULT DENT,OMAHA,NE 68105. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,OMAHA,NE 68105. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SWINDELLS, S (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0030-4220(94)90273-9 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MZ508 UT WOS:A1994MZ50800005 PM 8139828 ER PT J AU WELBEL, SF MCNEIL, MM PRAMANIK, A SILBERMAN, R OBERLE, AD MIDGLEY, G CROW, S JARVIS, WR AF WELBEL, SF MCNEIL, MM PRAMANIK, A SILBERMAN, R OBERLE, AD MIDGLEY, G CROW, S JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL MALASSEZIA-PACHYDERMATIS BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MALASSEZIA PACHYDERMATIS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL ID INFANTS; FEATURES; FUNGEMIA AB Malassezia pachydermatis, a lipophilic yeast, has been described to cause sporadic nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI). Nosocomial outbreaks of M. pachydermatis BSI have never been described. A cluster of M. pachydermatis BSIs in the neonatal intensive care unit at Louisiana State University Medical Center, University Hospital provided the opportunity to investigate the epidemiology of this organism and apply molecular epidemiologic typing techniques. A case-patient was defined as any neonatal intensive care unit patient in University Hospital with a blood culture positive for M. pachydermatis from January 1, 1989, through August 15, 1991. Five patients met the case definition. Case-patients were premature as estimated by gestational age and required prolonged hospitalization. Case-patients received parenteral nutrition and intravenous lipids for twice as many days as randomly selected controls. No environmental source of M. pachydermatis was identified; however, infants on each side of a previously identified M. pachydermatis-colonized infant became colonized with M. pachydermatis during a 20-day period. Chromosomal analysis of five M. pachydermatis blood isolates from two case-patients had identical banding patterns. These data show that M. pachydermatis can cause nosocomial BSI outbreaks, that premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition and/or lipids may be at greatest risk and that transmission is most likely from person to person, probably via the hands of medical personnel. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,SHREVEPORT,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SHREVEPORT,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT INFECT CONTROL,SHREVEPORT,LA. ST JOHNS INST DERMATOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1097/00006454-199402000-00005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MW838 UT WOS:A1994MW83800005 PM 8190533 ER PT J AU MANCAO, MY NOLTE, FS NAHMIAS, AJ JARVIS, WR AF MANCAO, MY NOLTE, FS NAHMIAS, AJ JARVIS, WR TI USE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ID RAPID DIAGNOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; CHILDREN; SYSTEM C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [U52/CCU406008] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.1097/00006454-199402000-00016 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MW838 UT WOS:A1994MW83800016 PM 8190543 ER PT J AU ROONEY, BL HAYES, EB ALLEN, BK STRUTT, PJ AF ROONEY, BL HAYES, EB ALLEN, BK STRUTT, PJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SCREENING TOOL FOR PREDICTION OF CHILDREN AT RISK FOR LEAD-EXPOSURE IN A MIDWESTERN CLINICAL SETTING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE LEAD; SCREENING; RISK ASSESSMENT ID CHILDHOOD; BLOOD AB Objective. Universal screening for childhood lead poisoning is becoming quite common, with many states having legislation requiring screening. We set out to determine whether a questionnaire could be used to identify children at risk for exposure to lead to determine whether selective screening of those at risk was possible. Methods. Parents of 370 children 12 to 36 months of age having well-child examinations completed a questionnaire and their children were screened by a fingerstick capillary blood lead test at two clinics. Results. Of patients from clinic A, 5.4% had lead levels greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL compared with 16.8% of those from clinic B (P < .001). This difference between clinics could not be explained by the demographic characteristics of the patients or by differences in their potential exposures to lead. We evaluated the five questions suggested by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for anticipatory guidance for their ability to identify children with elevated blood lead levels. In clinic A, this instrument had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a negative predictive value of 96.5%. In clinic B, it had a sensitivity of 63.6% and a negative predictive value of 81.4%. Based on an assessment of significant items from a large questionnaire, we determined five questions that were the best predictors of risk. On the basis of this risk assessment, 100% of the children from clinic A with elevated lead levels and 90.9% of the children from clinic B with elevated lead levels were classified as being at ''high risk.'' Had this risk assessment been used as an initial screen in this sample, 40% of the patients from clinic A and 37% of the patients from clinic B would not have been screened with a blood lead test, because they were classified as being at ''low risk.'' Conclusions. Results of this study suggest that there is great variability in the prevalence of elevated lead levels and potential risks between clinics within a fairly homogeneous community; however, selective screening with a community-specific questionnaire may be feasible if the prevalence is low and the risks to the population are known. C1 GUNDERSON CLIN LTD,LA CROSSE,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 93 IS 2 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MU934 UT WOS:A1994MU93400009 PM 8121728 ER PT J AU HAYES, EB MCELVAINE, MD ORBACH, HG FERNANDEZ, AM LYNE, S MATTE, TD AF HAYES, EB MCELVAINE, MD ORBACH, HG FERNANDEZ, AM LYNE, S MATTE, TD TI LONG-TERM TRENDS IN BLOOD LEAD LEVELS AMONG CHILDREN IN CHICAGO - RELATIONSHIP TO AIR LEAD LEVELS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION; BLOOD LEAD LEVEL OF CONCERN; SCREENING; AIR LEAD LEVELS; SEASONALITY; LEAD POISONING ID PORT-PIRIE; CITY; COHORT; BOSTON; AGE AB Objectives. To evaluate trends in blood lead levels among children in Chicago from 1968 through 1988, and to determine the impact of the changes in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) blood lead level of concern. Methods. We reviewed a systematic sample of blood lead screening records of the Chicago Department of Health Laboratory for high-risk children aged 6 months to 5 years. Median blood lead levels for each quarter of the years 1974 through 1988 were determined and regressed against mean air lead levels recorded at air-monitoring stations in Chicago during the same period. Results. Median blood lead levels declined from 30 mu g/dL in 1968 to 12 mu g/dL in 1988, and were strongly associated with declining average air lead levels (r = .8, P < .001) from 1974 through 1988. A regression model using log-transformed data predicted a decline of 0.56 mu g/dL in the median blood lead level with each 0.1 mu g/m(3) decline in the mean air lead level when the air lead level was near 1.0 mu g/m(3); the predicted slope was steeper at lower air lead levels. Despite the nearly 20-fold reduction in air lead levels, the median blood lead level of 12 mu g/dL in 1988 indicates substantial continuing lead exposure. The CDC blood lead level of concern was lowered twice from 1968 to 1988, but due to the decline in blood lead levels, fewer than 30% of the children were above the level of concern throughout most of the study. Conclusion. Although substantial lead exposure persists in Chicago, reductions in airborne lead emissions seem to have contributed to a long-term decline in the median blood lead level of high-risk Chicago children. C1 CITY CHICAGO DEPT HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. RP HAYES, EB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 93 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MU934 UT WOS:A1994MU93400012 PM 8121731 ER PT J AU MEDLOCK, KL FORRESTER, TM SHEEHAN, DM AF MEDLOCK, KL FORRESTER, TM SHEEHAN, DM TI PROGESTERONE AND ESTRADIOL INTERACTION IN THE REGULATION OF RAT UTERINE WEIGHT AND ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR CONCENTRATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNA; UTERUS; MECHANISM; TURNOVER AB Autologous down-regulation of hormone receptors has been shown for several steroid hormones. We have previously shown estradiol (E(2)) regulates estrogen receptor (ER) in ovarlectomized (OVX) rats. These studies have been extended to investigate the interaction between progesterone (P) and E(2) in the regulation of ER and uterine weight. We implanted Silastic capsules containing varying concentrations of E(2) (0.0005 mg E(2)/ml to 5.0 mg E(2)/ml of sesame oil) Into adult female Sprague-Dawley rats one week after OVX. Simultaneously with implantation, P injections were started (sc in sesame oil) at doses of 1-40 mg/day for three days. In the absence of P, the 0.05 mg E(2)/ml implant significantly increased total ER levels (measured by cytosol and nuclear exchange assays) by 25%, while the two highest concentrations of E(2) (0.5 and 5.0 mg E(2)/ml) significantly decreased cytosol and total ER levels by at least 40%. No P dose altered ER levels in OVX rats or in rats given E(2) implants of 0.01 mg E(2)/ml or lower. At E(2) implant concentrations of 0.05 mg E(2)/ml and higher, P decreased total ER levels 30%-50% compared to the appropriate E(2)-only controls. P increased uterine weight by 25% in OVX controls end in rats treated with E(2) implants of 0.01 mg E(2)/ml and below. In contrast, P inhibited uterine weight gain induced by 0.05-5.0 mg/E(2) ml implants by 20%-30%; maximal inhibition occurred at 5 mg/day of P and above. These data demonstrate that P increases uterine weight but does not alter ER concentration in rats with low E(2) levels (OVX or low E(2) concentration implants) but decreases uterine weight and down-regulates ER at higher E(2) levels, regardless of whether ER is upregulated or down-regulated by E(2). C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,REMEDIAL PROGRAMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP MEDLOCK, KL (reprint author), NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,HFT-130,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 205 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA NF385 UT WOS:A1994NF38500007 PM 8108464 ER PT J AU KITAYAPORN, D BEJRACHANDRA, S CHONGKOLWATANA, V CHANDANAYINGYONG, D WENIGER, BG AF KITAYAPORN, D BEJRACHANDRA, S CHONGKOLWATANA, V CHANDANAYINGYONG, D WENIGER, BG TI POTENTIAL DEFERRAL CRITERIA PREDICTIVE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS POSITIVITY AMONG BLOOD-DONORS IN THAILAND SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HIV; PREVALENCE; ANTIGEN; TYPE-1; AIDS; RISK AB Background: To develop deferral criteria to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by recently infected blood donors in the seronegative ''window'' phase, routine data on donors at a university hospital were examined for factors predicting seropositivity. Study Design and Methods: Records of all 281 HIV-positive blood donors from August 1987 through September 1991 were retrospectively compared with those of 1076 randomly selected control donors matched only by year of donation. Four controls were selected for each HIV-positive donor Results: The prevalence of HIV in 102,684 donor units during the period rose from 0.02 percent in 1987 to 0.52 percent in 1991. Multivariable analysts revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 26.4), VDRL test positivity (OR = 3.0), age 21 to 30 years (OR = 2.2; referent: 16-20-year-old group), and replacement donorship (OR = 1.4; referent: voluntary donors) were independent factors significantly associated with HIV positivity among these donors (p<0.05). Since replacement donorship cannot be avoided, only male sex, age 21 to 30 years, and VDRL test positivity were considered as potential criteria. When these findings were extrapolated to all donors in 1990 and 1991, those with all three or only two (excluding VDRL test, because the results are known only after donation) of these high-risk factors had HIV positivity probabilities of 2.2 and 1.0 percent, respectively. These probabilities were, respectively, 4.9 times (95% CI: 2.9, 8.3) and 4.1 times (3.1, 5.4) the risk among other donors. However, applying such criteria would have eliminated 1.5 and 31.2 percent, respectively, of all HIV-negative donors in 1990 and 1991. The latter deferral proportion is too high to be acceptable. Conclusion: In Thailand, improved donor deferral criteria addressing sexual risk factors could lead to decreased probability of window-period donation, with an acceptable rate of deferral. Additional p24 antigen testing may be indicated for donors at increased risk for HIV infection, specifically, men aged 21 to 30. C1 THAILAND MINIST PUBL HLTH CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVE,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34294143945.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MW156 UT WOS:A1994MW15600014 PM 8310487 ER PT J AU ROTA, PA BLOOM, AE VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ AF ROTA, PA BLOOM, AE VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ TI EVOLUTION OF THE NUCLEOPROTEIN AND MATRIX GENES OF WILD-TYPE STRAINS OF MEASLES-VIRUS ISOLATED FROM RECENT EPIDEMICS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; KAWASAKI-DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEIN; CHILD RP ROTA, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVANT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 198 IS 2 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1086 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA MV841 UT WOS:A1994MV84100034 PM 8291252 ER PT J AU BORGES, GL KANAZAWA, KK GORDON, JG ASHLEY, K RICHER, J AF BORGES, GL KANAZAWA, KK GORDON, JG ASHLEY, K RICHER, J TI AN IN-SITU ELECTROCHEMICAL QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDY OF THE UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION OF COPPER ON AU(111) ELECTRODES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BISULFATE ADSORPTION; NEUTRAL MEDIA; GOLD; CU; GOLD(111); RHEED; LEED C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. AECL RES,CHALK RIVER KOJ 1J0,ON,CANADA. RP BORGES, GL (reprint author), IBM CORP,RES DIV,ALMADEN RES CTR,650 HARRY RD,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 23 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JAN 31 PY 1994 VL 364 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0022-0728(93)03169-P PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA MW292 UT WOS:A1994MW29200038 ER PT J AU LOFT, J MARDER, W BRESOLIN, L RINALDI, R AF LOFT, J MARDER, W BRESOLIN, L RINALDI, R TI HIV PREVENTION PRACTICES OF PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS - UNITED-STATES, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 988-992, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,BUR HLTH PROFESS,DIV MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LOFT, J (reprint author), ABT ASSOCIATES INC,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 4 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR221 UT WOS:A1994MR22100005 ER PT J AU BROWNSTEIN, A FRICKE, W AF BROWNSTEIN, A FRICKE, W TI HIV TRANSMISSION BETWEEN 2 ADOLESCENT BROTHERS WITH HEMOPHILIA (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 948-951, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20014. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROWNSTEIN, A (reprint author), NATL HEMOPHILIA FDN,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 4 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR221 UT WOS:A1994MR22100006 ER PT J AU WORTLEY, P CHU, SY BLOSTEIN, J FARLEY, T MORRISON, L KOVACS, A THOMPSON, S AF WORTLEY, P CHU, SY BLOSTEIN, J FARLEY, T MORRISON, L KOVACS, A THOMPSON, S TI CARE OF PREGNANT-WOMEN INFECTED WITH HIV SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS C1 MICHIGAN DEPT HLTH,DETROIT,MI. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. HOUSTON DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WORTLEY, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 4 BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR221 UT WOS:A1994MR22100013 PM 7905034 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, AE CHIASSON, MA THOMAS, PA AF GREENBERG, AE CHIASSON, MA THOMAS, PA TI REPORTING AIDS IN NEW-YORK-CITY - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP GREENBERG, AE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 26 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 4 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR221 UT WOS:A1994MR22100020 ER PT J AU MASTRO, TD SATTEN, GA NOPKESORN, T SANGKHAROMYA, S LOGINI, IM AF MASTRO, TD SATTEN, GA NOPKESORN, T SANGKHAROMYA, S LOGINI, IM TI PROBABILITY OF FEMALE-TO-MALE TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 IN THAILAND SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; PARTNERS; CHILDREN; VIREMIA; TYPE-1; ADULTS; AIDS AB The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Thailand has allowed an estimate to be made of the probability of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission per sexual contact. In a study of 1115 21 year-old male military conscripts, of whom 77 (6.9%) were HIV-1 seropositive, sex with female prostitutes was identified as the principal mode of HIV-1. transmission. With a mathematical model including data on conscript's age at first sexual contact, frequency of sex with female prostitutes, and province of origin; as well as province-specific HIV-1 seroprevalence of prostitutes, we estimated the probability of HIV-1 transmission per sexual contact to be 0.031 (95% confidence limits [CL] 0.025-0.040). Allowing for random error in the self-reported frequency of contacts, the estimate was 0.056 (95% CL 0.041-0.075). The transmission probability was significantly greater among men with a history of sexually-transmitted diseases. These estimates are substantially higher than analogous estimates made in North America. This high per-act probability of heterosexual transmission helps to explain the rapid spread of HIV-1 in the emerging epidermic in Thailand and perhaps in other countries where HIV-1 transmission is predominately heterosexual. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. SOMDEJ PRANARESUAN MAHARAJ HOSP,PHITSANULOKE,THAILAND. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MASTRO, TD (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,88-7 SOI BAMRASNARADURA,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. NR 25 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 22 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8891 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90990-3 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MT332 UT WOS:A1994MT33200009 PM 7904668 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF AF KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF TI TIME-RESOLVED IMMUNOFLUOROMETRIC ASSAYS FOR URINARY LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE FLUOROMETRY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GONADOTROPINS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; 2-SITE IMMUNOFLUOROMETRIC ASSAY ID MONITORING MENSTRUAL FUNCTION; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD; IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAY; LUTROPIN; LH; GONADOTROPIN; BIOASSAY; WOMEN; SERUM AB The goal of this effort was to develop and validate non-radioisotopic immunoassays for measuring luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in unextracted urine. Towards this goal, commercial time-resolved immunofluorometric assays (IFMAs) were modified. Validation demonstrated that the resultant assays were specific, sensitive, accurate, and precise. Urine matrix was shown not to interfere with the assay. Gonadotropin profiles generated using these assays conformed to those measured in urine and serum by other established immunoassays. These IFMAs afford the collective advantages of non-radioisotopic procedures and urine sample collection (convenience, noninvasiveness, integration of pulsatile secretion), plus the superior sensitivity and specificity of IFMAs. Applications include epidemiology and medicine. RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 285 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(94)85003-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MU847 UT WOS:A1994MU84700003 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF HENEINE, W GEORGE, JR PAREKH, B ROWE, T WOODS, T SWITZER, WM MCCLURE, HM MURPHEYCORB, M FOLKS, TM AF KHABBAZ, RF HENEINE, W GEORGE, JR PAREKH, B ROWE, T WOODS, T SWITZER, WM MCCLURE, HM MURPHEYCORB, M FOLKS, TM TI INFECTION OF A LABORATORY WORKER WITH SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID MACAQUE MONKEYS; SOOTY MANGABEY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; NEF GENE; RETROVIRUS; DISEASE; INVITRO; HIV-2; AIDS; REPLICATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,LAB INVEST BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. TULANE UNIV,DELTA REG PRIMATE RES CTR,COVINGTON,LA 70433. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP G-03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00164, RR00165] NR 28 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 3 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1056/NEJM199401203300304 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ863 UT WOS:A1994MQ86300004 PM 8264739 ER PT J AU LEVY, M MOLL, M JONES, BR AF LEVY, M MOLL, M JONES, BR TI IMPROPER INFECTION-CONTROL PRACTICES DURING EMPLOYEE VACCINATION PROGRAMS - 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 969, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HIV INFECT BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEVY, M (reprint author), DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 3 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ645 UT WOS:A1994MQ64500010 ER PT J AU CONRAD, C HEMPHILL, K WILSON, S MCFARLAND, L COULBOURNE, K QARNI, S POSTER, S GROVES, C SLEMP, C BUTLER, E MATUSZAK, D DWYER, D ISRAEL, E CIRINO, J CUMBERLAND, D POLLACK, L CURRIER, M MORRIS, H BISSETT, M EVANS, S RESPESS, B JENKINS, B MAILLARD, J MERIWETHER, R MACCORMACK, JN CREASY, B VEAZEY, J CALCI, K RIPPEY, S HOSKIN, G AF CONRAD, C HEMPHILL, K WILSON, S MCFARLAND, L COULBOURNE, K QARNI, S POSTER, S GROVES, C SLEMP, C BUTLER, E MATUSZAK, D DWYER, D ISRAEL, E CIRINO, J CUMBERLAND, D POLLACK, L CURRIER, M MORRIS, H BISSETT, M EVANS, S RESPESS, B JENKINS, B MAILLARD, J MERIWETHER, R MACCORMACK, JN CREASY, B VEAZEY, J CALCI, K RIPPEY, S HOSKIN, G TI MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS RELATED TO CONSUMPTION OF OYSTERS - 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 945, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH PROGRAM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. TALBOT CTY HLTH DEPT,EASTON,MD. BALTIMORE CTY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. HARFORD CTY HLTH DEPT,BEL AIR,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,BUR MARINE RESOURCES,JACKSON,MS. BEAUFORT CTY HLTH DEPT,WASHINGTON,DC. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP CONRAD, C (reprint author), LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,SEAFOOD SANITAT PROGRAM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 3 BP 183 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ645 UT WOS:A1994MQ64500011 ER PT J AU FARMER, P COLEMAN, P ALSTON, J ZANTO, S DAMROW, TA MUSIC, S MEDLIN, R SANDAVAL, C AF FARMER, P COLEMAN, P ALSTON, J ZANTO, S DAMROW, TA MUSIC, S MEDLIN, R SANDAVAL, C TI UPDATE - INFLUENZA ACTIVITY - UNITED-STATES AND EUROPE, 1993-94 SEASON (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 909, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SERV,HELENA,MT. WYOMING DEPT HLTH,CHEYENNE,WY. IDAHO DEPT HLTH & WELF,BOISE,ID. WHO,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,CTR INFLUENZA,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE CTR,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,DIV VIRUS REFERENCE,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,SF-00280 HELSINKI 28,FINLAND. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARMER, P (reprint author), MAMMOTH CLIN,MAMMOTH,MT, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 3 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ645 UT WOS:A1994MQ64500012 ER PT J AU DONNELL, HD HAMM, R AF DONNELL, HD HAMM, R TI FLOOD-RELATED MORTALITY - MISSOURI, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 941, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE & COORDINAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DONNELL, HD (reprint author), MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 3 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ645 UT WOS:A1994MQ64500013 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B FRIES, S FITZGIBBON, AM LIPMAN, H AF SCHWARTZ, B FRIES, S FITZGIBBON, AM LIPMAN, H TI PEDIATRICIANS DIAGNOSTIC-APPROACH TO PHARYNGITIS AND IMPACT OF CLIA 1988 ON OFFICE DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; PHYSICIANS OFFICE; THROAT-CULTURES; PENICILLIN THERAPY; SORE THROATS; ACCURACY; PENNSYLVANIA; LABORATORIES; PERFORMANCE AB Objective.-To determine the factors associated with an optimal diagnostic approach to a child with pharyngitis, characterize off ice laboratory methods for throat swab culture and group A streptococcal rapid antigen testing, and assess the potential impact of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 on the performance of these tests. Design and Setting.-Mailed survey to all board-certified primary care pediatricians from seven western states with telephone follow-up for nonrespondents. Outcome Measures.-Differences in practice characteristics and use of office laboratory tests for physicians who usually (>80%) diagnose pharyngitis using a recommended approach vs those who follow this approach less often (<50%); characteristics of physicians who indicate that they intend to discontinue office throat culture because of CLIA and those who will continue to perform this test also are compared. Results.-Responses from 531 pediatricians were analyzed. Forty-four percent diagnosed pharyngitis appropriately for more than 80% of patients, and 17% did so for fewer than 50%. Optimal diagnosis was significantly more common among physicians who cultured throat swabs in their office (relative risk, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.66) and less common among solo practitioners (relative risk, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.88). Factors that may decrease the sensitivity of off ice throat culture include short duration of incubation (59%), lack of quality control (51%), and limited education of the persons reading results (6%). With implementation of CLIA, 24% of pediatricians reported that they already have discontinued or will discontinue off ice throat culture, and 23% have discontinued or will discontinue antigen detection testing for group A streptococci. Those most likely to stop off ice culture include solo practitioners and practitioners who do not currently perform quality control of culture methods. Conclusions.-Office culture for group A streptococci is strongly associated with an optimal diagnostic approach. Implementation of CLIA regulations may substantially decrease the number of physicians who perform this test. The balance between potential improvements in the quality of office culture with CLIA implementation and the decreased availability of this test needs to be assessed. C1 BOULDER MED CTR,BOULDER,CO. BIOTEXT,BOULDER,CO. RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1001/jama.271.3.234 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ645 UT WOS:A1994MQ64500039 PM 8277551 ER PT J AU FINE, PEM CHEN, RT AF FINE, PEM CHEN, RT TI CONFOUNDING IN STUDIES OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO VACCINES - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FINE, PEM (reprint author), LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 2 BP 229 EP 230 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MV274 UT WOS:A1994MV27400012 ER PT J AU STRAUS, WL OSTROFF, SM JERNIGAN, DB KIEHN, TE SORDILLO, EM ARMSTRONG, D BOONE, N SCHNEIDER, N KILBURN, JO SILCOX, VA LABOMBARDI, V GOOD, RC AF STRAUS, WL OSTROFF, SM JERNIGAN, DB KIEHN, TE SORDILLO, EM ARMSTRONG, D BOONE, N SCHNEIDER, N KILBURN, JO SILCOX, VA LABOMBARDI, V GOOD, RC TI CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-HAEMOPHILUM, AN EMERGING PATHOGEN IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS INFECTION; CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS; AIDS; LYMPHADENITIS; HEMOPHILUM AB Objective:To describe 13 infections caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum. Design: Identification of patients by microbiologic record review, followed by medical record review and a case-control study. Setting: Seven metropolitan hospitals in New York. Patients: All patients with M. haemophilum infections diagnosed between January 1989 and September 1991 and followed through September 1992. Surviving patients were enrolled in the case-control study. Results: Infection with M. haemophilum causes disseminated cutaneous lesions, bacteremia, and diseases of the bones, joints, lymphatics, and the lungs. Improper culture techniques may delay laboratory diagnosis, and isolates may be identified incorrectly as other mycobacterial species. Persons with profound deficits in cell-mediated immunity have an increased risk for infection. These include persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection or lymphoma and those receiving medication to treat immunosuppression after organ transplant. Various antimycobacterial regimens have been used with apparent success to treat M. haemophilum infection. However, standards for defining antimicrobial susceptibility to the organism do not exist. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider this pathogen when evaluating an immunocompromised patient with cutaneous ulcerating lesions, joint effusions, or osteomyelitis. Microbiologists must be familiar with the fastidious growth requirements of this organism and screen appropriate specimens for mycobacteria using an acid-fast stain. If acid-fast bacilli are seen, M. haemophilum should be considered as the infecting organism as well as other mycobacteria, and appropriate media and incubation conditions should be used. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,INFECT DIS SERV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10025. ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10011. RP STRAUS, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 120 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ671 UT WOS:A1994MQ67100004 PM 8256970 ER PT J AU LOBEL, HO KEYSTONE, JS AF LOBEL, HO KEYSTONE, JS TI CONFUSION ON MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 TORONTO GEN HOSP,FAC MED,TORONTO M5G 1L7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP LOBEL, HO (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8890 BP 183 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90979-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ869 UT WOS:A1994MQ86900057 PM 7904036 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP WHITFORD, GM AF GESSNER, BD BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP WHITFORD, GM TI ACUTE FLUORIDE POISONING FROM A PUBLIC WATER-SYSTEM SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FATAL HYPERKALEMIA; INTOXICATION; CHILDREN AB Background. Acute fluoride poisoning produces a clinical syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and paresthesias. In May 1992, excess fluoride in one of two public water systems serving a village in Alaska caused an outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning. Methods. We surveyed residents, measured their urinary fluoride concentrations, and analyzed their serum-chemistry profiles. A case of fluoride poisoning was defined as an illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or numbness or tingling of the face or extremities that began between May 21 and 23. Results. Among 47 residents studied who drank water obtained on May 21, 22, or 23 from the implicated well, 43 (91 percent) had an illness that met the case definition, as compared with only 6 of 21 residents (29 percent) who drank water obtained from the implicated well at other times and 2 of 94 residents (2 percent) served by the other water system. We estimated that 296 people were poisoned; 1 person died. Four to five days after the outbreak, 10 of the 25 case patients who were tested, but none of the 15 control subjects, had elevated urinary fluoride concentrations. The case patients had elevated serum fluoride concentrations and other abnormalities consistent with fluoride poisoning, such as elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. The fluoride concentration of a water sample from the implicated well was 150 mg per liter, and that of a sample from the other system was 1.1 mg per liter. Failure to monitor and respond appropriately to elevated fluoride concentrations, an unreliable control system, and a mechanism that allowed fluoride concentrate to enter the well led to this outbreak. Conclusions. Inspection of public water systems and monitoring of fluoride concentrations are needed to prevent outbreaks of fluoride poisoning. C1 ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT ORAL BIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-06113, DE-06429] NR 25 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 13 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1056/NEJM199401133300203 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ670 UT WOS:A1994MQ67000003 PM 8259189 ER PT J AU FELL, JC HEDLUND, J VEGEGA, ME KLEIN, TM JOHNSON, D AF FELL, JC HEDLUND, J VEGEGA, ME KLEIN, TM JOHNSON, D TI REDUCTION IN ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC FATALITIES - UNITED-STATES, 1990-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 905-909, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,OFF ALCOHOL & STATE PROGRAMS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FELL, JC (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURIES,NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 2 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ083 UT WOS:A1994MQ08300005 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ AF SIMONDS, RJ TI PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 2 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ083 UT WOS:A1994MQ08300011 ER PT J AU ROLLIN, PE COUDRIER, D SUREAU, P AF ROLLIN, PE COUDRIER, D SUREAU, P TI HANTAVIRUS EPIDEMIC IN EUROPE, 1993 SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME C1 INST PASTEUR, NATL REFERENCE CTR VIRAL HAEMORRHAGIC FEVERS, F-75724 PARIS 15, FRANCE. RP ROLLIN, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 8 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8889 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ092 UT WOS:A1994MQ09200042 PM 7903744 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG LENGERICH, EJ AF ADDISS, DG LENGERICH, EJ TI HYPOKALEMIC MYOPATHY INDUCED BY GIARDIA-LAMBLIA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 6 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 1 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MP649 UT WOS:A1994MP64900023 PM 8259154 ER PT J AU EAKER, E HAHN, RA AF EAKER, E HAHN, RA TI WOMENS HEALTH INITIATIVE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ESTROGEN; RISK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EAKER, E (reprint author), MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 6 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1056/NEJM199401063300121 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MP649 UT WOS:A1994MP64900036 PM 8259163 ER PT J AU GALE, JL THAPA, PB WASSILAK, SGF BOBO, JK MENDELMAN, PM FOY, HM AF GALE, JL THAPA, PB WASSILAK, SGF BOBO, JK MENDELMAN, PM FOY, HM TI RISK OF SERIOUS ACUTE NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE REACTIONS; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB Objective.-To evaluate the association between serious acute neurological illness and receipt of whole-cell pertussis vaccine, given as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Design.-Population-based case-control study. Setting.-Outpatient and inpatient hospital settings, physician practices, and the general population in Washington and Oregon states. Subjects.-A total of 424 confirmed cases of neurological illness were identified prospectively during a 12-month period by statewide active surveillance from the population of 218 000 children 1 to 24 months of age living in Washington and Oregon (estimated 368 000 DTP immunizations given). Each case child was matched to two population control children by birth date (+/-5 days), gender, and county of birth. Written immunization records were used to determine whether illness occurred within 7 days of immunization in case children, or within 7 days of the same reference date in control children, thus qualifying as exposed. Main Outcome Measures.-Outpatient and inpatient cases of complex febrile seizures, seizures without fever, infantile spasms, and acute encephalitis/encephalopathy confirmed by an expert panel masked to immunization history. Results.-The estimated odds ratio (OR) for onset of serious acute neurological illness within 7 days for young children exposed to DTP vaccine was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6 to 2.0). When the analysis was restricted to children with encephalopathy or complicated seizures and adjusted for factors possibly affecting vaccine administration, the OR was 3.6 (95% Cl, 0.8 to 15.2). Odds ratios for specific study diagnoses varied, but all CIs included 1. No elevated risk was observed for the largest group of illnesses studied, nonfebrile seizures (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.5). Conclusions.-This study did not find any statistically significant increased risk of onset of serious acute neurological illness in the 7 days after DTP vaccine exposure for young children. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GALE, JL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-87-0506] NR 26 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 5 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1001/jama.271.1.37 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MN725 UT WOS:A1994MN72500028 PM 7903109 ER PT J AU WARD, EM ROBERTS, D DANKOVIC, D FLESCH, J REED, L FAJEN, J AF WARD, EM ROBERTS, D DANKOVIC, D FLESCH, J REED, L FAJEN, J TI A REEXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE OF EXCESS BLADDER CANCERS IN CHEMICAL-PLANT WORKERS - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID ORTHO-TOLUIDINE; CARCINOGENICITY RP WARD, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE,HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,MAILSTOP R16,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 5 PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1093/jnci/86.1.60 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA MP650 UT WOS:A1994MP65000018 ER PT J AU RIBOT, E BIRKNESS, K STEPHENS, D QUINN, F AF RIBOT, E BIRKNESS, K STEPHENS, D QUINN, F TI MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR STUDIES OF ATTACHMENT AND INVASION OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200172 ER PT J AU KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC KING, CH SHINNICK, TM QUINN, FD AF KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC KING, CH SHINNICK, TM QUINN, FD TI METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENCE GENES EXPRESSED IN MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS STRAIN H37RV SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200229 ER PT S AU RUSSELL, J ONEIL, J AF RUSSELL, J ONEIL, J GP ASSOC ADV AUTOMOT MED TI RESULTS FROM A SURVEY OF STATE-LEVEL DATA SYSTEMS FOR THE STUDY OF MOTOR VEHICLE-ASSOCIATED INJURIES SO 38TH ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS - ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Automotive-Medicine CY SEP 21-23, 1994 CL LYON, FRANCE SP Assoc Adv Automot Med, Univ Maryland, Sch Med C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE PI DES PLAINES PA 2340 DES PLAINES AVE, STE 106, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 SN 0892-6484 J9 P ANN C ASS PY 1994 BP 444 EP 445 PG 2 GA BC38U UT WOS:A1994BC38U00032 ER PT B AU ERIKSEN, MP AF ERIKSEN, MP GP AMER CANC SOC TI CLEAN INDOOR AIR POLICIES SO 8TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON TOBACCO OR HEALTH: BUILDING A TOBACCO-FREE WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Tobacco or Health: Building a Tobacco-Free World CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1992 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP ARGENTINA ANTI TOBACCO UNION, LATIN AMER COORDINATING COMM SMOKING CONTROL, AMER CANC SOC, US DHHS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CANCER SOC PI NEW YORK PA 777 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 PY 1994 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Public Administration SC Substance Abuse; Public Administration GA BZ96E UT WOS:A1994BZ96E00018 ER PT J AU ELLIS, BA MILLS, JN KENNEDY, EJT MAIZTEGUI, JI CHILDS, JE AF ELLIS, BA MILLS, JN KENNEDY, EJT MAIZTEGUI, JI CHILDS, JE TI THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DIET, ALIMENTARY-TRACT MORPHOLOGY, AND LIFE-HISTORY FOR 5 SPECIES OF RODENTS FROM THE CENTRAL ARGENTINE PAMPA SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE CALOMYS LAUCHA; CALOMYS MUSCULINUS; AKODON AZARAE; BOLOMYS OBSCURUS; OLIGORYZOMYS FLAVESCENS; DIET; DIGESTIVE TRACT; ARGENTINA AB A suite of characters describing digestive tract structure has been hypothesized to reflect the relative degree of specialization of the digestive system of rodent species along a continuum from a proteinaceous diet of seeds and insects to a cellulosic diet of vegetation. Similarly, it has been proposed that life history traits might reflect diet and digestive tract structure, with the most opportunistic species consuming the most energy-rich diets of seeds and insects. The five members of the rodent assemblage of agroecosystems of the Argentine pampa were found to be omnivores and varied in the relative proportions of seeds, insects, and vegetation consumed. On a gross level, diet reflected life history; the most opportunistic species (smallest body size, highest fecundity, preference for disturbed habitats) consumed the most energy-rich diet, while the least opportunistic species consumed the most vegetation. However, comparative digestive tract structure was generally converse to that predicted, based on diet. Failure to observe predicted correlations may be due in part to seasonal variability in diet, lack of evolutionary relevance of crop habitats, or flaws in the underlying hypotheses. Alternatively, the observed variation in digestive tract structure may reflect the spectrum of Variation encountered within an omnivore rodent guild rather than the degree of food specialization. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL ENFERMEDADES VIRALES HUMANAS,RA-2700 PERGAMINO,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. RP ELLIS, BA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI BIALOWIEZA PA MAMMAL RESEARCH INST, 17-230 BIALOWIEZA, POLAND SN 0001-7051 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 345 EP 355 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QD521 UT WOS:A1994QD52100002 ER PT J AU KOOPMANS, M HORZINEK, MC AF KOOPMANS, M HORZINEK, MC TI TOROVIRUSES OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS - A REVIEW SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 43 SE ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PROPOSED FAMILY TOROVIRIDAE; BOVINE ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS; CELL-CULTURE PROPAGATION; EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; BERNE VIRUS; BREDA VIRUS; WINTER DYSENTERY; DAIRY-CATTLE; RNA VIRUSES; MESSENGER-RNAS C1 UNIV UTRECHT,FAC VET,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP KOOPMANS, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 112 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-3527 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 1994 VL 43 BP 233 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60050-0 PG 41 WC Virology SC Virology GA BA97N UT WOS:A1994BA97N00005 PM 8191955 ER PT J AU WENIGER, BG TAKEBE, Y OU, CY YAMAZAKI, S AF WENIGER, BG TAKEBE, Y OU, CY YAMAZAKI, S TI THE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV IN ASIA SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV-1; HIV-2; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ASIA; OCEANIA; CLASSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; MICROBIAL GENETICS; AIDS VACCINES ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; NORTHERN THAILAND; DENTAL PRACTICE; RISK-FACTORS; ENV GENES; V3 REGION; INFECTION; INDIA C1 NATL INST HLTH,AIDS RES CTR,SHINJUKU KU,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 148 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 9 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1994 VL 8 SU 2 BP S13 EP S28 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT121 UT WOS:A1994PT12100003 PM 7857556 ER PT J AU TAMASHIRO, H KAGAN, J LANDAY, A NICHOLSON, JKA HEARN, T DENNY, T THOMPSON, P THOMAS, M RUSSELL, T BRANDES, W JACKSON, B MEISNER, P GELB, W CORBET, D DELETOILLE, P PAU, B MANDY, F WONG, W JENSEN, B CEKORIC, T QUINN, T FRANCIS, S HOFF, R LISSE, I OSHAUGHNESSY, M KATAAHA, P DEPEREZ, GE KARAM, M WEISSENBACHER, M ZACARIAS, F AF TAMASHIRO, H KAGAN, J LANDAY, A NICHOLSON, JKA HEARN, T DENNY, T THOMPSON, P THOMAS, M RUSSELL, T BRANDES, W JACKSON, B MEISNER, P GELB, W CORBET, D DELETOILLE, P PAU, B MANDY, F WONG, W JENSEN, B CEKORIC, T QUINN, T FRANCIS, S HOFF, R LISSE, I OSHAUGHNESSY, M KATAAHA, P DEPEREZ, GE KARAM, M WEISSENBACHER, M ZACARIAS, F TI REPORT OF A WHO WORKSHOP ON FLOW-CYTOMETRY AND ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR CD4 LYMPHOCYTE DETERMINATIONS - APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES WASHINGTON, DC, 16 APRIL 1992 SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ 07103. BECTON DICKINSON IMMUNOCYTOMETRY SYST,SAN JOSE,CA 95131. COULTER CYTOMETRY,HIALEAH,FL. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,CLEVELAND,OH. T CELL DIAGNOST INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA. SANOFI DIAGNOST PASTEUR,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. UNIV MONTPELLIER,FAC PHARM,F-34059 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. FED CTR AIDS,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. ZYNAXIS CELL SCI INC,MALVERN,PA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD. NIAID,DIV AIDS,VACCINE TRIALS SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD. HVIDOVRE UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,HVIDOVRE,DENMARK. ST PAULS HOSP,BC CTR EXCELLENCE HIV AIDS,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. NAKASERO BLOOD BANK,KAMPALA,UGANDA. INST IMMUNOL,CLIN IMMUNOL NALT CTR,RETROVIRAL INFECT PROGRAMME,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. WHO,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,REG OFF AMER,WASHINGTON,DC. RP TAMASHIRO, H (reprint author), WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,RES OFF,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RI Tamashiro, Hidehiko/B-2403-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP WHO1 EP WHO4 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NA432 UT WOS:A1994NA43200030 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BJ MCQUEEN, DV AF ROBERTSON, BJ MCQUEEN, DV TI PERCEIVED RISK OF BECOMING INFECTED WITH HIV BY DONATING BLOOD AND CHANGES IN REPORTED BLOOD DONATION PRACTICE AMONG THE SCOTTISH GENERAL PUBLIC 1989-1992 SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDES; AIDS AB A total of 17,537 respondents aged 18-60 and resident in Edinburgh and Glasgow were interviewed between January 1989 and May 1992 as part of a large scale continuous monitoring survey of lifestyles and health. A computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) system was used. Respondents were chosen randomly from households with telephones. The objective was to see whether concern about the risks of becoming infected with HIV by donating blood led to a change in the blood donating habits of existing blood donors. Results showed no change in the percentage of donors, ex-donors and non-donors between 1989 and 1992, but a recent decrease in the percentage of respondents who thought that you could become infected with HIV by donating blood was observed. The percentage of new donors and ex-donors balanced each other out, but in all years respondents reporting a decreased frequency of donation outweighed those reporting an increased frequency. The belief that you can become infected with HIV by donating blood was most prevalent among non-donors followed by ex-, current and new-donors in that order. There was some evidence that the belief that you can become infected with HIV by donating blood was adversely affecting blood donation habits. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROBERTSON, BJ (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,HLTH & BEHAV CHANGE RES UNIT,24 BUCCLEUCH PL,EDINBURGH EH8 9LN,SCOTLAND. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1080/09540129408258658 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA PL782 UT WOS:A1994PL78200008 PM 7833361 ER PT J AU GESSAIN, A KORALNIK, IJ FULLEN, J BOERI, E MORA, C BLANK, A SALAZARGRUESO, EF KAPLAN, J SAXINGER, WC DAVIDSON, M LAIRMORE, MD LEVINE, P FRANCHINI, G AF GESSAIN, A KORALNIK, IJ FULLEN, J BOERI, E MORA, C BLANK, A SALAZARGRUESO, EF KAPLAN, J SAXINGER, WC DAVIDSON, M LAIRMORE, MD LEVINE, P FRANCHINI, G TI PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF 10 NEW HTLV-I STRAINS FROM THE AMERICA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Note ID T-CELL LEUKEMIA; VIRUS TYPE-I; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; NATURAL ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; LYMPHOMA; PROVIRUS; PATIENT C1 NINCDS,CENT NERVOUS SYST STUDIES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HOSP UNIV VALLE,CALI,COLOMBIA. UNIV CHICAGO,CANC RES CTR,DEPT NEUROL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT MED,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NCI,TUMOR CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.103 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MV293 UT WOS:A1994MV29300013 PM 7514013 ER PT J AU BARTHOLOW, B BUCHBINDER, S DOUGLAS, J JUDSON, F MCKIRNAN, D MACQUEEN, K AF BARTHOLOW, B BUCHBINDER, S DOUGLAS, J JUDSON, F MCKIRNAN, D MACQUEEN, K TI RECRUITMENT OF US GAY/BISEXUAL MEN FOR HIV VACCINE PREPAREDNESS STUDIES - SCREENING, ELIGIBILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENT SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S219 EP S219 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800102 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, SD AF HOLMBERG, SD TI EMERGING EPIDEMIOLOGIC PATTERNS OF HIV IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development - 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Cooperative-Vaccine-Development-Group-for-AIDS CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 1993 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP NATL COOPERAT VACCINE DEV GRP AIDS, NIAID, DIV AIDS, VACCINE TEAM, FOGARTY INT CTR, AIDS INT TRAINING RES PROGRAM, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FDA, NIDA, US AGCY INT DEV, NIAID, OFF TROP MED & INT RES, WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800001 PM 7865280 ER PT J AU HUNTER, RL MCNICHOLL, J LAL, AA AF HUNTER, RL MCNICHOLL, J LAL, AA TI MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF NONIONIC BLOCK-COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development - 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Cooperative-Vaccine-Development-Group-for-AIDS CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 1993 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP NATL COOPERAT VACCINE DEV GRP AIDS, NIAID, DIV AIDS, VACCINE TEAM, FOGARTY INT CTR, AIDS INT TRAINING RES PROGRAM, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FDA, NIDA, US AGCY INT DEV, NIAID, OFF TROP MED & INT RES, WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS ID POLYMER SURFACTANTS; ANTIBODY ISOTYPE; INDUCTION; SPECIFICITY; PROTEIN; FORMULATION; VACCINATION; MODULATION; PROTECTION; RESPONSES AB Nonionic block copolymer adjuvants typically induce high-titer, long-lasting antibody responses, cell-mediated immunity, CTLs, and modulate the isotype and specificity of antibody. Their primary activity is modulation of hydrophobic adhesive interactions. The copolymers adhere to lipids, promote retention of protein antigen to surfaces, activate complement, and induce expression of class II (IA) on macrophages. They produce a concentrated surface matrix of antigen and activated host mediators that facilitates antigen presentation to cells of the immune system. The copolymer adjuvants act synergistically with multiple MDP and LPS preparations to increase total titers, especially those of the IgG(2a) and IgG(2b) isotypes. A surprising discovery was that they influence the specificity of antibody by at least two mechanisms. Saline formulations and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions induced more antibody against labile, conformationally dependent epitopes on the surface of particles than water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions. Finally, we found that very large copolymers are able to stabilize water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) or multiple emulsions that can protect antigen during passage through the upper GI tract. They are therefore attractive vehicles for oral delivery of vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HUNTER, RL (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S95 EP S98 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800047 PM 7865341 ER PT J AU LUPO, LD SCHOCHETMAN, G OTTEN, RA RAYFIELD, MA AF LUPO, LD SCHOCHETMAN, G OTTEN, RA RAYFIELD, MA TI SUPERINFECTION STUDIES WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS ISOLATES IN MACACA-NEMESTRINA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30033. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800010 ER PT J AU MACQUEEN, KM BUCHBINDER, S DOUGLAS, JM JUDSON, FN MCKIRNAN, DJ BARTHOLOW, B AF MACQUEEN, KM BUCHBINDER, S DOUGLAS, JM JUDSON, FN MCKIRNAN, DJ BARTHOLOW, B TI THE DECISION TO ENROLL IN HIV VACCINE EFFICACY TRIALS - CONCERNS ELICITED FROM GAY MEN AT INCREASED RISK FOR HIV-INFECTION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development - 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Cooperative-Vaccine-Development-Group-for-AIDS CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 1993 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP NATL COOPERAT VACCINE DEV GRP AIDS, NIAID, DIV AIDS, VACCINE TEAM, FOGARTY INT CTR, AIDS INT TRAINING RES PROGRAM, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FDA, NIDA, US AGCY INT DEV, NIAID, OFF TROP MED & INT RES, WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. DENVER PUBL HLTH DEPT,DENVER,CO 80204. HOWARD BROWN HLTH CLIN,CHICAGO,IL 60607. RP MACQUEEN, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E45,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S261 EP S264 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800136 PM 7865314 ER PT J AU MCNAMARA, JG ROGERS, M GOLDENTHAL, K JACKSON, JB ROSSI, P FENTON, T FAST, PE AF MCNAMARA, JG ROGERS, M GOLDENTHAL, K JACKSON, JB ROSSI, P FENTON, T FAST, PE TI CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN AIDS VACCINE DEVELOPMENT - 1993 REPORT OF PERINATAL INTERVENTION WORKING GROUP SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development - 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Cooperative-Vaccine-Development-Group-for-AIDS CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 1993 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP NATL COOPERAT VACCINE DEV GRP AIDS, NIAID, DIV AIDS, VACCINE TEAM, FOGARTY INT CTR, AIDS INT TRAINING RES PROGRAM, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FDA, NIDA, US AGCY INT DEV, NIAID, OFF TROP MED & INT RES, WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS C1 NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UNIV ROME,ROME,ITALY. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI rossi, paolo/D-6504-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S161 EP S164 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800090 PM 7865292 ER PT J AU PAREKH, B PHILLIPS, S GEORGE, JR AF PAREKH, B PHILLIPS, S GEORGE, JR TI EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL, HIV DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS TO DISCRIMINATE SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CANDIDATE AIDS VACCINE RECIPIENTS FROM THAT OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800012 ER PT J AU WENIGER, BG MASTRO, TD LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K KITAYAPORN, D YOUNG, NL AF WENIGER, BG MASTRO, TD LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K KITAYAPORN, D YOUNG, NL TI HIV-1 INCIDENCE, FOLLOW-UP RATES, AND SEROTYPES IN HIGH-RISK COHORTS IN THAILAND - IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV VACCINE PHASE-III EFFICACY TRIALS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS E50,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAHIDOL UNIV,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. ROYAL THAI ARMY,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1994 VL 10 SU 2 BP S247 EP S247 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PT118 UT WOS:A1994PT11800117 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, F MATSON, C AF MAHONEY, F MATSON, C TI CONCERNS ABOUT UNIVERSAL HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION - REPLY SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter RP MAHONEY, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 48 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR223 UT WOS:A1994MR22300008 ER PT J AU BRIEFEL, RR AF BRIEFEL, RR TI ASSESSMENT OF THE UNITED-STATES DIET IN NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEYS - NATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AND NHANES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIET; NUTRITION SURVEYS ID HEALTH AB The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program includes conducting national surveys to estimate the dietary intake and nutritional status of the US population. As part of this program, a 10-y comprehensive plan has been developed to strengthen nutrition-monitoring efforts in the United States. Emphasis is placed on improving coordination and comparability among data collection methods across federal agencies and on conducting relevant research. Current collaborative efforts between the US Departments of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and Agriculture (USDA) include coordinating the national food-consumption surveys in the areas of planning population coverage, by using comparable dietary intake methods, and targeting research toward improving dietary methods. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) contributes population data on diet, nutritional status, and health outcomes to the Nutrition Monitoring Program. The third NHANES (1988-1994) includes 40 000 noninstitutionalized people aged greater-than-or-equal-to 2 mo and oversamples blacks, Mexican Americans, children, and elderly people and uses an automated 24-h recall as the primary dietary instrument. Assessing dietary intake in heterogeneous populations in national surveys poses many methodologic, statistical, and interpretive issues and highlights the need for specific research to improve dietary assessment methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 164S EP 167S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900005 PM 8279416 ER PT J AU LORIA, C ARROYO, D BRIEFEL, R AF LORIA, C ARROYO, D BRIEFEL, R TI CULTURAL BIASES INFLUENCING DIETARY INTERVIEWS WITH MEXICAN-AMERICANS - THE HANES EXPERIENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; HISPANIC POPULATIONS; FOOD RECALLS C1 CDC, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 291S EP 291S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900060 ER PT J AU FLEGAL, KM LARKIN, FA AF FLEGAL, KM LARKIN, FA TI PARTITIONING RELATIVE ERROR IN VITAMIN AND MINERAL INTAKE ESTIMATES FROM A FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; FOOD FREQUENCY; SOURCES OF ERROR C1 CDC, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, HUMAN NUTR PROGRAM, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 303S EP 303S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900098 ER PT J AU FINE, PEM ZELL, ER AF FINE, PEM ZELL, ER TI OUTBREAKS IN HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATIONS - IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDIES OF VACCINE PERFORMANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLUSTER ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASLES VACCINE; VACCINATION ID MEASLES OUTBREAK; SCHOOL POPULATION; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFICACY; STUDENTS; DISEASE AB Most of the factors associated with the failure of a Vaccination to provide protective immunity are not distributed uniformly or randomly within populations. This paper explores the extent to which a nonrandom distribution of vaccination failures and the selection of exceptional situations for investigation may influence estimates of vaccine performance. The authors show that outbreak investigations will tend to underestimate vaccination efficacy, and that the extent of underestimation will be related directly to the size of the epidemic triggering an investigation, the vaccination coverage in the community, and the extent of clustering of vaccination failures in the population; it will be related inversely to the size of and contact intensity within the investigated community. These potential sources of bias are not the only problems that arise in estimating vaccine efficacy, but they should be taken into consideration when analyzing and interpreting outbreak situations. The fact that outbreak investigations carried out within the United States during the past decade have provided estimates of measles vaccination efficacy on the order of 95% is consistent with a somewhat higher overall ''true'' efficacy of current vaccines and procedures in the total population. It is important to understand better the frequency, distribution, and risk factors for vaccination failures in populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MT968 UT WOS:A1994MT96800008 PM 8296777 ER PT J AU BALLEW, C SUGERMAN, S AF BALLEW, C SUGERMAN, S TI DIETARY SURVEY OF LOW-INCOME MEXICAN WOMEN IN CHICAGO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,MAYWOOD,IL 60153. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NA672 UT WOS:A1994NA67200020 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, CM WILLIAMSON, DF BARTKO, JJ BRADLEY, EL AF RUSSELL, CM WILLIAMSON, DF BARTKO, JJ BRADLEY, EL TI SIMULATION STUDY OF A PANEL OF RELIABILITY INDICATORS APPLIED TO PAIRED MEASUREMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; AGREEMENT; HEALTH AB Reliability is a subject of continuing discussion in biomedial specialty areas, including physical anthropology and nutritional epidemiology. The purpose of this study was to explore techniques of detecting differences between two evaluators or methods. A field study in which anthropometric dimensions would be taken by two independent evaluators on each participant in a study group was simulated. A panel of reliability indicators was applied across a broad range of parameters using simulation, and then the panel was applied to field anthropometric data. The panel consisted of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test, a simultaneous test of evaluator means and variances, technical error of measurement, mean absolute difference, and mean difference. The simultaneous test for equal evaluator means and variances uses regression to model paired differences versus paired sums. The simulation demonstrated general properties of the reliability indicators across many conditions of population variance, measurer bias, and measurer error variance. High values of ICC often exist in cases in which the measurers are different. The simultaneous test is thus a powerful method for detecting measurer differences, especially when combined with the paired t-test. However, a single reliability indicator that is sufficient to determine all measurer inconsistencies was not identified. The field study and the simulation permitted the development of a logical approach to determining the source and magnitude of measurer differences using the panel of reliability indicators. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT BIOSTAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH DENT,DEPT BIOSTAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT ORAL DIAG,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. MED COLL GEORGIA,PATIENT SERV,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. NIMH,DRUG ALCOHOL ABUSE & MENT HLTH ADM,DIV APPL SERV RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP RUSSELL, CM (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF BIOSTAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1994 VL 6 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310060306 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NN261 UT WOS:A1994NN26100005 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ MOORE, CA EVANS, JA AF KHOURY, MJ MOORE, CA EVANS, JA TI ON THE USE OF THE TERM SYNDROME IN CLINICAL GENETICS AND BIRTH-DEFECTS EPIDEMIOLOGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SYNDROME; GENETICS; CLINICAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID SURVEILLANCE C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT HUMAN GENET,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT CHILD HLTH,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH SCI,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MB,CANADA. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,F-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320490107 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MM931 UT WOS:A1994MM93100006 PM 8172247 ER PT J AU BRETT, KM SCHOENDORF, KC KIELY, JL AF BRETT, KM SCHOENDORF, KC KIELY, JL TI DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN IN THE USE OF PRENATAL-CARE TECHNOLOGIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMNIOCENTESIS; TOCOLYSIS; PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; BLACK WOMEN; WHITE WOMEN ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the content of prenatal care received by black and white women in the United States differs, as measured by the use of amniocentesis, ultrasonography, and tocolysis. STUDY DESIGN: This study uses data from birth certificates issued for births occurring in the United States in 1990. Multivariate analyses were used to calculate the relative risk of receipt of each technology by black women compared with white women. RESULTS: Amniocentesis was used substantially less frequently by black women (relative risk 0.6), whereas ultrasonography was received by black women slightly less frequently than white women (relative risk 0.9). Tocolysis use varied by plurality. Black women with singleton births were slightly more likely to receive tocolysis than were white women (relative risk 1.1), although the risk of idiopathic preterm delivery is estimated to be three times higher in black women. Black women with multiple births received tocolysis two thirds as often as white women. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences exist in the content of prenatal care received by black and white women in the United States, This finding should be followed up with more detailed studies to identify its cause and possible interventions. RP BRETT, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 730,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MT975 UT WOS:A1994MT97500009 PM 11654139 ER PT J AU GUINAN, ME FARNHAM, PG HOLTGRAVE, DR AF GUINAN, ME FARNHAM, PG HOLTGRAVE, DR TI ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF PREVENTING A HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We estimated the medical cost savings for a case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevented. Using medical care cost estimates, assumptions concerning knowledge of serostatus, time spent in various stages of HIV disease, and a discount factor, we estimated the present value of future cost savings for a case of HIV prevented, which ranged from $56,000 to $80,000. Since this method excludes both indirect costs and direct costs other than medical care, these figures underestimate the true cost savings for a case of HIV prevented. However, the method may prove useful in assigning a systematic economic value to an HIV infection averted that can be used in cost-benefit analyses of HIV prevention interventions. RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,BLDG 26,EXECUT PK,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MY873 UT WOS:A1994MY87300001 PM 8172724 ER PT J AU FALTER, KH STRIKAS, RA BARKER, WH BRUGLIERA, PD BANDEMER, CJ DOGGETT, KB WILLIAMS, WW AF FALTER, KH STRIKAS, RA BARKER, WH BRUGLIERA, PD BANDEMER, CJ DOGGETT, KB WILLIAMS, WW TI CURRICULUM CONTENT ON VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN UNITED-STATES MEDICAL-SCHOOLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Lack of knowledge among health care providers about vaccine schedules, indications and contraindications, and optimal vaccination delivery practices is an important reason for low vaccination levels.1 Three studies of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward immunization among people 65 years of age and older showed that a doctor's recommendation is the single most important factor in whether these patients received influenza or pneumococcal vaccinations.2-4 Physicians can make appropriate recommendations regarding immunization only if they have an adequate knowledge base. While continuing medical education for practicing physicians is clearly important to ensure appropriate immunization practices, teaching basic information about vaccine preventable-diseases (VPDs) and principles about preventing and controlling them at the earliest stages of medical training may also help determine subsequent vaccination practices among medical practitioners. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM) executed a mail survey of all medical schools in the United States from 1990 to 1991(5) to identify curriculum content on VPDs and immunization principles and practices, as well as curriculum development information such as the use of standard resources on immunization practices and the materials used to update curriculum. Data from the survey were used to identify predictors for teaching various subjects. This article describes the results of the survey. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,MS E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900003 PM 7841005 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA BARON, RC AF WOODRUFF, BA BARON, RC TI A DESCRIPTION OF NONFATAL SPINAL-CORD INJURY USING A HOSPITAL-BASED REGISTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB To formulate an epidemiologic description of West Virginia spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in hospitalization, we used data collected during the West Virginia Spinal Cord Injury Registry's first three years of operation, July 1985 through June 1988, supplemented by data from registries in neighboring states. The West Virginia registry was established to detect newly injured persons potentially in need of rehabilitation services. Because reporting is hospital based, the registry records only injured patients surviving until hospitalization. The overall incidence of hospitalized SCI patients was 25 per million per year; the sex-specific rate among men was 4.6 times the rate among women. Age-specific rates peaked in the 15-24 years age group and declined with increasing age. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 69% of all hospitalized SCI; falls, for 21%; and sports, falling objects, and violence, for less than 10% each. Most cause-specific incidence rates were highest for young males; however, falls were more common for the elderly. At least 25% of victims used drugs or alcohol shortly before injury, and none injured in auto or truck crashes reported wearing seat belts. Quadriplegia resulted for 56% of recorded SCI patients, whereas paraplegia resulted for the remaining 44%. SCI was more common in the summer months, on weekends, and during late afternoon hours. Both neurologic deficit and time of occurrence varied by cause. Although limitations exist, registry data has proved useful in describing spinal cord injury in West Virginia and has potential public health use in guiding prevention programs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPO,DFE MS C08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MY873 UT WOS:A1994MY87300003 PM 8172725 ER PT J AU STRIKAS, RA FALTER, KH BARKER, WH BRUGLIERA, PD BANDEMER, CJ DOGGETT, KB WILLIAMS, WW AF STRIKAS, RA FALTER, KH BARKER, WH BRUGLIERA, PD BANDEMER, CJ DOGGETT, KB WILLIAMS, WW TI CURRICULUM CONTENT ON VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN PRIMARY-CARE AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE RESIDENCY PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Physicians miss many opportunities to provide effective vaccines to children and adults because of their uncertainty about all patients for whom vaccines are indicated and their unfounded concerns about vaccine safety or efficacy.1-3 These and other factors have contributed to suboptimal vaccination practices and low vaccination levels. Teaching basic principles about prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) during postgraduate medical training may determine subsequent practice patterns.4 To identify the content in postgraduate medical training programs on selected immunization principles and practices and the use of standard resources to update program content, as well as predictors for teaching the various subjects, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM) executed a mail survey from 1990 to 1991 of all primary care and preventive medicine residency programs in the United States.5 This paper describes the results of the survey. A companion article describes the results of a similar survey of medical schools.6 RP FALTER, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,MS E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900004 PM 7841001 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL KAPLAN, JM CLOVER, R AF ATKINSON, WL KAPLAN, JM CLOVER, R TI MEASLES - VIROLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DISEASE, AND PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,E-52,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900006 PM 7841003 ER PT J AU LAFORCE, FM NICHOL, KL COX, NJ AF LAFORCE, FM NICHOL, KL COX, NJ TI INFLUENZA - VIROLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DISEASE, AND PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,G-16,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP 31 EP 44 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900007 PM 7841004 ER PT J AU MOYER, LA MAST, EE AF MOYER, LA MAST, EE TI HEPATITIS-B - VIROLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DISEASE, AND PREVENTION, AND AN OVERVIEW OF VIRAL-HEPATITIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP MOYER, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,G-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900008 PM 7841006 ER PT J AU ORENSTEIN, WA BRUGLIERA, PD AF ORENSTEIN, WA BRUGLIERA, PD TI IMMUNIZATION IN MEDICAL-EDUCATION - PREFACE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM E-52,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PY 1994 VL 10 SU S BP R5 EP R8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PL129 UT WOS:A1994PL12900001 PM 7840998 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW MACERA, CA CROFT, JB MACE, ML GILLETTE, T WHEELER, FC AF HEATH, GW MACERA, CA CROFT, JB MACE, ML GILLETTE, T WHEELER, FC TI CORRELATES OF HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; INSULIN; LIPIDS; RATIO; RACE; MEN; PATTERNS AB The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in both groups, and with cigarette smoking and low educational attainment among White women only. Since correlates of HDL cholesterol differ for Black and White women, further investigation of the differences in these correlates is warranted. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF C08,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 402234] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.1.98 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NB627 UT WOS:A1994NB62700018 PM 8279620 ER PT J AU CLARK, GG AF CLARK, GG TI PREVENTION OF TROPICAL DISEASES - STATUS OF NEW AND EMERGING VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES - PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-SOCIETY-OF-TROPICAL-MEDICINE-AND-HYGIENE, DECEMBER 2, 1991 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS - INTRODUCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material RP CLARK, GG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX799 UT WOS:A1994NX79900001 ER PT J AU COLLEY, DG AF COLLEY, DG TI TARGETED RESEARCH - AN OXYMORON THAT NEEDS TO BE DISCUSSED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MW296 UT WOS:A1994MW29600002 PM 8304563 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE LOBEL, HO MCCLURE, H STROBERT, E GALLAND, GG TAYLOR, F BARRETO, AL ROBERTO, RR SKINNER, JC ADAMS, S MORRIS, CL SULLIVAN, J AF COLLINS, WE LOBEL, HO MCCLURE, H STROBERT, E GALLAND, GG TAYLOR, F BARRETO, AL ROBERTO, RR SKINNER, JC ADAMS, S MORRIS, CL SULLIVAN, J TI THE CHINA I/CDC STRAIN OF PLASMODIUM-MALARIAE IN AOTUS MONKEYS AND CHIMPANZEES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIVITY; ANOPHELINES AB Five Aotus monkeys and two chimpanzees were infected with Plasmodium malariae isolated from a patient who acquired her infection approximately 50 years ago. All animals were splenectomized. The chimpanzees supported the highest parasite densities of 22,27 l/mu l and 18,544/mu l. Three Aotus monkeys with a previous history of infection with P. vivax had maximum parasite counts of from 1,818/mu l to 2,909/mu l, whereas two monkeys not previously infected had maximum parasite counts of 6,908/mu l. The establishment of new isolates in these animals aides the development of diagnostic probes and the identification of areas of antigenic variation within the species. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. US BUR EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,DEPT PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH F12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MW296 UT WOS:A1994MW29600005 PM 8304570 ER PT J AU QARI, SH COLLINS, WE LOBEL, HO TAYLOR, F LAL, AA AF QARI, SH COLLINS, WE LOBEL, HO TAYLOR, F LAL, AA TI A STUDY OF POLYMORPHISM IN THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF HUMAN MALARIA PARASITES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL EPITOPES; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; AOTUS MONKEYS; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SPOROZOITE; STRAIN; GENE; FALCIPARUM; IDENTIFICATION; ANOPHELINES AB We have characterized the circumsporozoite (CS) gene sequences of Plasmodium malariae China-1 CDC, isolated recently from a person who was infected 50 years ago in China, and P. vivax Chesson, isolated 48 years ago from a patient who had returned from New Guinea. These protein sequences were compared with the CS protein sequences of recently isolated P. vivax and P. malariae parasites. In a similar manner, we compared the previously characterized CS protein gene of P. falciparum clone 7G8, derived from a Brazilian isolate collected in 1980, with the CS protein genes of recent P. falciparum field isolates. In the case of the P. malariae CS protein gene, with the exception of an additional copy of major (NAAG) and minor (NDAG) repeat sequences and the presence of one copy of NDEG sequence, the China-1 CDC P. malariae parasite is similar to the Uganda-l CDC isolate of 1982. In the nonrepeat region, changes were noted in two amino acid residues, one of which is also seen in a closely related monkey malaria parasite, P. brasilianum. In the case of P. vivax CS proteins, the nonrepeat region of the protein in Chesson strain shares identity with nearly 71% of the CS clones characterized from field isolates. In the P. falciparum CS proteins, the 7G8 CS protein sequence is identical to 75% of the genes of recent field isolates in the Th 1R-N1 region. In the Th2R and Th3R regions, 34% and 55% of the CS clones analyzed, respectively, had changes at two amino acid residues. These results reveal that polymorphism in the CS protein of human malaria parasites may not undermine its use as a vaccine antigen, thus alleviating concerns of antigenic polymorphism in vaccine development. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP QARI, SH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [1-Y02-00006-01] NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MW296 UT WOS:A1994MW29600007 PM 8304571 ER PT J AU GUBLER, DJ CLARK, GG AF GUBLER, DJ CLARK, GG TI COMMUNITY-BASED INTEGRATED CONTROL OF AEDES-AEGYPTI - A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PROGRAMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Prevention of Tropical Diseases: Status of New and Emerging Vector Control Strategies, at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 02, 1991 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, AMER COMM MED ENTOMOL ID BORNE DISEASE-CONTROL; DENGUE; MERIDA; MEXICO AB Dengue viruses are maintained in endemic transmission cycles in tropical urban areas where epidemics periodically occur. Until about 30 years ago, there were long intervals (10-40 years) between epidemics but they are now occurring in many areas at 3-5-year intervals. These epidemics are most likely caused by virus strains with different epidemic potential. Accompanying this increased frequency in epidemic activity has been a change in the disease pattern with cases of the severe form of dengue (dengue hemorrhagic fever) becoming much more common. The occurrence of these factors and the expanding geographic distribution of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the past 15 years have made it necessary to re-evaluate currently recommended methods for prevention and control. The result has been increasing emphasis on the development of effective sustainable Aedes aegypti control programs based on source reduction using community participation. A brief overview of global programs using this approach is presented with emphasis on the Puerto Rican program, one of the earliest developed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921. RP GUBLER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP 50 EP 60 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX799 UT WOS:A1994NX79900006 PM 8024084 ER PT J AU HUNTER, RL LAL, AA AF HUNTER, RL LAL, AA TI COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS IN MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Strategy for Plasmodium Falciparum Blood-Stage Vaccine Development and Clinical Trials, at Annual Meeting of the Amer-Soc-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 19, 1992 CL SEATTLE, WA SP AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE ID BLOCK POLYMER SURFACTANTS; ISOTYPE; ANTIBODY; SPECIFICITY; FORMULATION; IMMUNITY; MICE AB Protection against virulent challenge with murine Plasmodium yoelii malaria was induced by immunization with whole killed blood-stage parasites in copolymer P1004 and detoxified lipopolysaccharide as adjuvant. Similar immunization with Freund's complete adjuvant and other water-in-oil emulsions failed to protect. Protection was associated with the production of antibody of the IgG2a isotype against epitopes measured by immunofluorescence. Several formulations that did nest protect elicited high antibody titers measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or titers of other isotypes measured by indirect immunofluorescent assay. The results provide additional evidence that the adjuvants influenced both the isotype and specificity of antibody. The implications of these findings for vaccine development are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VAXCEL CORP,NORCROSS,GA. RP HUNTER, RL (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,762 WMB,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 SU S BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NK901 UT WOS:A1994NK90100008 PM 8172332 ER PT J AU BRYAN, RT BALDERRAMA, F TONN, RJ DIAS, JCP AF BRYAN, RT BALDERRAMA, F TONN, RJ DIAS, JCP TI COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN VECTOR CONTROL - LESSONS FROM CHAGAS-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Prevention of Tropical Diseases: Status of New and Emerging Vector Control Strategies, at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 02, 1991 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, AMER COMM MED ENTOMOL ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; MALARIA; SURVEILLANCE; GUATEMALA; VENEZUELA; BOLIVIA; AREA AB As applied to vector-borne disease control, the term community participation has been broadly interpreted. Community-based vector control projects have been described as having bath active and passive components. Recently, community participation in organized efforts to control Chagas' disease has become more dynamic, with increasingly active involvement by local community members. Chagas' disease is a particularly significant vector-borne disease problem in the South American countries of Brazil, Venezuela, and Bolivia, and health officials there are beginning to emphasize horizontal or decentralized approaches to control of triatomine vectors. Experience suggests that vector control programs using community participation have significant and sustainable impact on vector density, appear to be more cost-effective than purely vertically structured programs, are readily integrated with other health or development programs, promote an enduring sense of pride in home and community, and are politically viable vector control strategies. Community participation per se has inherent value because of its positive effect on social relationships and community solidarity. Moreover, it is a dynamic process that results in accrued benefits for public health that exceed most vector control program goals and persist well beyond program termination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. USAID BOLIVIA,MINIST PREVIS SOCIAL & SALUD PUBL BOLIVIA,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA. CTR PESQUISAS RENE ROCHOU,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP 61 EP 71 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX799 UT WOS:A1994NX79900007 PM 8024086 ER PT J AU SEXTON, JD AF SEXTON, JD TI IMPREGNATED BED NETS FOR MALARIA CONTROL - BIOLOGICAL SUCCESS AND SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Prevention of Tropical Diseases: Status of New and Emerging Vector Control Strategies, at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 02, 1991 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, AMER COMM MED ENTOMOL ID EXPERIMENTAL HUT TRIALS; MOSQUITO NETS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PREVENT MALARIA; BURKINA-FASO; PERMETHRIN; INSECTICIDE; CURTAINS; BEDNETS; TANZANIA AB Malaria is a serious public health problem in numerous countries of the world. In Africa alone, it is estimated that more than a million children less than five years of age die each year from this disease. The problem has become more critical with the development of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine, the high cost of replacement antimalarials, and vector resistance to the cheaper insecticides such as DDT. Emphasis now is on sustainable control programs that can be implemented by communities with assistance from primary health care providers. This has led to a re-examination of impregnated bed nets (IBNs) that serve as a physical barrier to break human-vector contact. Over the last decade, bed nets impregnated with cheap and long-lasting pyrethroids used in Africa and Asia have shown their utility in reducing human-vector contact, inoculation of humans with sporozoites, clinical episodes of fever, and high levels of parasitemia. One study in The Gambia demonstrated that mortality in young children was significantly reduced, and the results of that study have led to the initiation of large-scale mortality studies in different epidemiologic areas in Africa. This paper reviews current bed net materials, recommended insecticides, an impregnation technique, costs, and the importance of community participation. As a malaria control option IBNs appear to be very premising, but further entomologic and epidemiologic assessments, including mortality studies, are needed. Future use of IBNs should be considered as part of a larger program that includes other vector control measures, proper case management, appropriate use of antimalarials for prevention in specific target groups, surveillance, and program monitoring with attention to changing epidemiologic situations and developing technology. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP 72 EP 81 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX799 UT WOS:A1994NX79900008 PM 8024087 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK ZEISSIG, R KOPLAN, JP KLEIN, RE GODOY, HA AF RUEBUSH, TK ZEISSIG, R KOPLAN, JP KLEIN, RE GODOY, HA TI COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MALARIA SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT .3. AN EVALUATION OF MODIFICATIONS IN THE VOLUNTEER COLLABORATOR NETWORK OF GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB In most rural areas of Latin America, malaria surveillance and treatment is carried out by a network of unpaid village malaria workers, known as Volunteer Collaborators, who are trained and supervised by the National Malaria Service. To identify ways in which the performance of these volunteer workers could be improved and to test changes that would make the Volunteer Collaborator Networks (VCNs) a more attractive model for community participation in malaria case detection and treatment in other regions, we tested a series of modifications in the VCN of Guatemala. These modifications included improved methods for selecting, supervising, and evaluating the volunteer workers and for collecting blood smears and reporting results, and the use of volunteer workers, known as Volunteer Medicators, who administered presumptive antimalarial therapy without taking a blood smear. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the modified VCN was also carried out. Two years after the modifications were introduced, Volunteer Collaborators identified nearly twice as high a percentage (33% versus 17%) of patients with suspected malaria in their villages. Delays in examining blood smears were reduced from 23 days to 11 days and delays from blood smear examination to curative treatment were reduced from 21 days to 7 days. The Volunteer Medicators identified and treated only a slightly higher percentage of patients than the Volunteer Collaborators (36% versus 33%). However, the cost of maintaining a network of Volunteer Medicators ($0.61 per patient treated) was much lower than the traditional VCN ($2.45) or the modified VCN ($1.85). Thus, with a few, simple and relatively inexpensive modifications, the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of Volunteer Collaborators can be markedly improved. Additionally, the VCN can be modified to make it a more suitable model for community-based malaria control and surveillance networks in other malarious areas of the world, which differ in terms of their level of endemicity, the goals of the malaria program, or the available health care infrastructure. C1 MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,SERV NACL ERRADICAC MALARIA,DIV ENFERMEDADES METAXENICAS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA,CTR INVEST ENFERMEDADES TROP,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MW296 UT WOS:A1994MW29600013 PM 8304577 ER PT B AU HADGU, A AF HADGU, A GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Analysis of three mouthrinses fn inhibiting the development of supragingival dental plaque SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Epidemiology of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Epidemiol C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-16-0 PY 1994 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BE08X UT WOS:A1994BE08X00016 ER PT B AU WHITE, AA PICKLE, LW HERRMANN, DJ CRONER, CM WILSON, BF AF WHITE, AA PICKLE, LW HERRMANN, DJ CRONER, CM WILSON, BF GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Map design preferences associated with professional discipline SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION - 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICAL GRAPHICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Section-on-Statistical-Graphics CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Stat Graph DE CARTOGRAPHY; COGNITION; STATISTICAL MAPS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-08-X PY 1994 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BD83U UT WOS:A1994BD83U00009 ER PT B AU MAKUC, DM MADANS, JH FELDMAN, JJ AF MAKUC, DM MADANS, JH FELDMAN, JJ GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Use of last physician visit to characterize health care utilization SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 11-15, 1994 CL DANVERS, MA SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; HEALTH CARE; QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CDC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-10-1 PY 1994 BP 368 EP 372 PG 5 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50X UT WOS:A1994BD50X00059 ER PT B AU GARDENIER, JS AF GARDENIER, JS GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Problems, trade-offs, and solutions for CAPI surveys SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 11-15, 1994 CL DANVERS, MA SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE CAPI C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20850. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-10-1 PY 1994 BP 857 EP 860 PG 4 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50X UT WOS:A1994BD50X00146 ER PT B AU KUNG, HC LIU, XH CHAN, J AF KUNG, HC LIU, XH CHAN, J GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Socioeconomic status and suicide SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIAL STATISTICS SECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Social-Statistics-Section CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Social Stat Sect DE LOGISTIC REGRESSION; RACIAL DIFFERENCES C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CDC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-09-8 PY 1994 BP 235 EP 239 PG 5 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD51B UT WOS:A1994BD51B00046 ER PT J AU BARON, PA AF BARON, PA TI DIRECT-READING INSTRUMENTS FOR AEROSOLS - A REVIEW SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Principles of Workplace Air Monitoring: Pumped and Diffusive Sampling for Contaminants CY FEB 15-18, 1993 CL GEILO, NORWAY SP NORDIC INST ADV TRAINING OCCUPAT HLTH, NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH DE DIRECT-READING INSTRUMENTS; AEROSOLS ID ASPIRATION AB Direct-reading instruments for aerosols have not had the popularity within the industrial hygiene community that similar instruments for gases and vapours have enjoyed. There are several reasons for this: aerosols have complex properties that are difficult to characterize with a single measurement, commercial instruments often do not provide an accurate measure of a useful aerosol property and aerosol instruments are relatively expensive for industrial hygiene use. A variety of instruments are commercially available and are briefly reviewed. Two general classes of instruments used for industrial hygiene measurements are covered: field instruments and research instruments. The International Symposium on Air Sampling Instrument Performance held in Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, in October, 1991 included a workshop on direct-reading aerosol instruments that produced several recommendations to advance the state of the art. The two primary recommendations approved by the symposium attendees were to develop voluntary consensus standards for aerosol mass-measuring instruments and optical particle counters and to develop an accurate, portable, direct-reading aerosol mass monitor. Some progress is being made on the latter recommendation through a project supported by the US Bureau of Mines. Other instruments have found specific application in industrial hygiene measurements. A miniaturized condensation nucleus counter is being used to estimate fit factors for respirators. A fibre monitor is used for monitoring asbestos, especially in asbestos abatement operations. Optical particle counters are used for low-concentration aerosols, especially in clean rooms. Aerosol research instruments are being used to evaluate and improve field instrumentation, such as respirable, thoracic and inhalable samplers and cascade impactors. Several such direct-reading instruments are now commercially available that can rapidly measure aerosol concentration and size distribution. These instruments can also be used to make field measurements. Accurate aerosol sampling is often difficult in uncontrolled atmospheres; many direct-reading instrument manufacturers have paid little attention to inlet-characteristics of their instruments. Errors due to sampling-and internal instrument losses an be large. RP BARON, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HEALTH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1039/an9941900035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MU328 UT WOS:A1994MU32800007 PM 8154598 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN AF SHAPIRO, CN TI TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS VIRUSES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID C VIRUS; B VIRUS; A VIRUS; INFECTION; SALIVA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEMEN; RISK RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MS G-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 120 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MP280 UT WOS:A1994MP28000014 PM 8250462 ER PT J AU MACQUEEN, KM AF MACQUEEN, KM TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV TRANSMISSION - TRENDS, STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DYNAMIC MODELS; NETWORKS; AIDS; RISK BEHAVIOR ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; SOCIAL DISINTEGRATION; PLANNED SHRINKAGE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DRUG-USERS RP MACQUEEN, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 101 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6570 J9 ANNU REV ANTHROPOL JI Annu. Rev. Anthropol. PY 1994 VL 23 BP 509 EP 526 PG 18 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA PM449 UT WOS:A1994PM44900021 PM 12319162 ER PT J AU SWAMINATHAN, B FENG, P AF SWAMINATHAN, B FENG, P TI RAPID DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE RAPID DETECTION; ENRICHMENT; IMPEDANCE; BIOLUMINESCENCE; AUTOMATION; MINISYSTEMS; IMMUNOASSAY; DNA PROBE; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SHIGA-LIKE-TOXIN; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPIFLUORESCENT FILTER TECHNIQUE; DNA COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; MULTIPLE CAPTURE METHODS; MICRO-ID LISTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Recent advancements in biotechnology are rapidly altering the diagnostic procedures used in microbiologic analysis of foods. Biochemical identification tests have been miniaturized and automated, making-them faster and more economical. Pathogenic bacteria that were previously isolated and identified after labor- and time-intensive enrichment and plating procedures can now be detected by measuring specific physicochemical changes resulting from their growth or metabolic activity. Nucleic acid and antibody-based assays are now used to rapidly and reliably detect pathogenic bacteria in foods. Nevertheless, foods offer unique challenges to the application of these techniques because of their complexity and variety, their interference with the rapid detection methods, and the need to detect pathogenic bacteria when they are present in foods at very low levels. Methods to sequester target pathogenic bacteria from interfering food components and to concentrate them in small volumes are needed to enable the efficient application of rapid detection and identification methods. RP SWAMINATHAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 141 TC 175 Z9 187 U1 5 U2 33 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4227 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 1994 VL 48 BP 401 EP 426 DI 10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.002153 PG 26 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM446 UT WOS:A1994PM44600015 PM 7826012 ER PT J AU MIETZNER, TA MORSE, SA AF MIETZNER, TA MORSE, SA TI THE ROLE OF IRON-BINDING PROTEINS IN THE SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE TRANSFERRINS; HEME; RECEPTORS; IRON TRANSPORT; PATHOGENESIS ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HUMAN LACTOFERRIN-BINDING; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HUMAN TRANSFERRIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REGULATED PROTEIN; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MIETZNER, TA (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC GENET & BIOCHEM,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. NR 114 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1994 VL 14 BP 471 EP 493 DI 10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.002351 PG 23 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NZ330 UT WOS:A1994NZ33000021 PM 7946530 ER PT J AU OBERLE, MW BAKER, EL MAGENHEIM, MJ AF OBERLE, MW BAKER, EL MAGENHEIM, MJ TI HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 AND COMMUNITY-HEALTH PLANNING SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HEALTH OBJECTIVES; PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE; HEALTH REFORM; ASSESSMENT; ADMINISTRATION; HEALTH PLANNING ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; DISEASE PREVENTION; LOCAL HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SETTING OBJECTIVES; PROMOTION; 1990S; PROGRAM; SYSTEM; EXPERIENCE C1 SARASOTA CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,SARASOTA,FL 34230. RP OBERLE, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1994 VL 15 BP 259 EP 275 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NK763 UT WOS:A1994NK76300014 PM 8054085 ER PT J AU MABERLY, GF TROWBRIDGE, FL YIP, R SULLIVAN, KM WEST, CE AF MABERLY, GF TROWBRIDGE, FL YIP, R SULLIVAN, KM WEST, CE TI PROGRAMS AGAINST MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION - ENDING HIDDEN HUNGER SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; INFANT MORTALITY; PRODUCTIVITY; FOOD ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; IODOTHYRONINE 5'-DEIODINASE; ENDEMIC CRETINISM; LEAD EXPOSURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHILDREN; VULNERABILITY; NUTRITION; MORTALITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT HUMAN NUTR,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP MABERLY, GF (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 95 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 19 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1994 VL 15 BP 277 EP 301 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NK763 UT WOS:A1994NK76300015 PM 8054086 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ KNAPP, JS AF RICE, RJ KNAPP, JS TI ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE STRAINS REPRESENTING 5 DISTINCT RESISTANCE PHENOTYPES SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; UNITED-STATES; CEFTRIAXONE AB The susceptibilities of 109 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin G, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and fleroxacin were determined. The activities of cefmetazole, cefuroxime, cefixime, and ofloxacin were also determined against 62 of these strains. Strains represented penicillin-susceptible (Pen(s)) N. gonorrhoeae; penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) possessing 2.9-, 3.05-, 3.2-, or 4.4-MDa beta-lactamase plasmids; strains with high-level, plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance (TRNG); strains with plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin and tetracycline; and strains with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin and tetracycline (CMRNG). Ceftriaxone, cefixime, and ciprofloxacin were the most active agents tested against all strains. Pen(s), TRNG, and PPNG strains possessing a 3.2-MDa beta-lactamase plasmid were more susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, extended- and broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and quinolones than were either PPNG strains possessing a 2.9-, a 3.05-, or a 4.4-MDa beta-lactamase plasmid or CMRNG strains. RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MS C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MP524 UT WOS:A1994MP52400028 PM 8141573 ER PT J AU HALL, HI DHARA, VR KAYE, WE PRICEGREEN, P AF HALL, HI DHARA, VR KAYE, WE PRICEGREEN, P TI SURVEILLANCE OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RELEASES AND RELATED HEALTH-EFFECTS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EVACUATIONS AB The public health consequences of hazardous substance releases have not been characterized adequately. In response, therefore, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry implemented an active, state-based surveillance system. Information is collected with respect to the events, chemicals, victims, injuries, and evacuations. Five states reported 1 249 events during 1990 and 1991. Seventy-two percent of the events occurred at fixed facilities, and 28% of the events were transportation related. In 80% of the events, one chemical was released. The most frequently released chemicals were herbicides, acids, volatile organic compounds, and ammonias. In 204 events, 846 persons were injured and 7 died. Employees were injured more frequently than first responders or the general public. The most frequently reported injuries were respiratory irritation and eye irritation. Evacuations occurred in 14% of the events. These results provide information for preparedness planning and training of first responders and employees. RP HALL, HI (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MY521 UT WOS:A1994MY52100007 PM 8117146 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DE KANAREK, MS KUYKENDALL, MA DIEDRICH, JM ANDERSON, HA REMINGTON, PL SHEFFY, TB AF PETERSON, DE KANAREK, MS KUYKENDALL, MA DIEDRICH, JM ANDERSON, HA REMINGTON, PL SHEFFY, TB TI FISH CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND BLOOD MERCURY LEVELS IN WISCONSIN CHIPPEWA INDIANS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY AB Methylmercury is a known neurotoxin at high blood levels (> 400 mu g/l) and is thought to cause neurologic symptoms at substantially lower levels in susceptible adults and infants. Given that levels of methylmercury in fish in northern Wisconsin lakes can be high (> 1 ppm, FDA standard) and Chippewa Indians take large amounts of fish from these lakes, the extent of their exposure to methylmercury was investigated. Using tribal-maintained registries, 465 Chippewa adults living on reservation were selected randomly and were invited to participate; 175 (38%) participated in the study. In an effort to characterize nonrespondents, 75 nonrespondents were selected randomly and were followed up aggressively. An additional 152 volunteers who were selected nonrandomly also participated in the study. Subjects completed a questionnaire about fish consumption patterns and had blood drawn for mercury determination. Sixty-four persons (20%) had blood mercury levels in excess of 5 mu g/l (i.e., upper limit of normal in nonexposed populations); the highest level found was 33 mu g/l. Fish consumption was higher in males and the unemployed. Blood mercury levels were highly associated with recent walleye consumption (p =.001). Methylmercury levels in some Wisconsin Chippewa were found to be elevated, but were below the levels associated with adverse health effects. We recommend a continuation of efforts to limit exposures in this high-risk population. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,ENVIRONM & CHRON DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,MADISON,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,MADISON,WI 53706. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,MADISON,WI. RP PETERSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,MS CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MY521 UT WOS:A1994MY52100009 PM 8117148 ER PT J AU MAJ, M JANSSEN, R STARACE, F ZAUDIG, M SATZ, P SUGHONDHABIROM, B LUABEYA, MK RIEDEL, R NDETEI, D CALIL, HM BING, EG STLOUIS, M SARTORIUS, N AF MAJ, M JANSSEN, R STARACE, F ZAUDIG, M SATZ, P SUGHONDHABIROM, B LUABEYA, MK RIEDEL, R NDETEI, D CALIL, HM BING, EG STLOUIS, M SARTORIUS, N TI WHO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AIDS STUDY, CROSS-SECTIONAL PHASE-I - STUDY DESIGN AND PSYCHIATRIC FINDINGS SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISORDERS; INFECTION; MEN AB Background: Most available studies on the psychiatric, neuropsychological, and neurological complications of HIV-1 infection and AIDS have been conducted in Western countries, on samples of well-educated, mostly white, homosexual men. Concerns about generalizability of the results of those investigations prompted the WHO to implement the cross-cultural venture called WHO Neuro psychiatric AIDS study. Methods: This project aims to assess the prevalence and natural history of HIV-1-associated psychiatric, neuropsychological, and neurological abnormalities in representative subject samples enrolled in the five geographic areas predominantly affected by the HIV-1 epidemic. Assessment is made by a data collection instrument including six modules. The intercenter and intracenter reliability in the use of each module has been formally evaluated. The study consists of a cross-sectional phase and a longitudinal follow-up. Results: The cross-sectional phase was completed in five centers. This paper reports on the results of psychiatric assessment, which revealed a significantly higher prevalence of current mental disorders Ln symptomatic seropositive persons compared with seronegative controls among intravenous drug users in Bangkok and homosexuals/bisexuals in Sao Paulo. The mean global score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale was significantly higher in symptomatic seropositive individuals than in matched seronegative controls in all centers. Conclusions: These results suggest that the significance of the psychopathological complications of symptomatic HIV-1 infection may have been underestimated by previous studies conducted on self-selected samples of well educated, middle-class, mostly white, homosexual men. C1 WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. UNIV NAPLES, DEPT PSYCHIAT 1, NAPLES, ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MAX PLANCK INST PSYCHIAT, W-8000 MUNICH, GERMANY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST NEUROPSYCHIAT, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. CHULALONGKORN UNIV, DEPT PSYCHIAT, BANGKOK, THAILAND. UNIV KINSHASA, CTR NEUROPSYCHOPATHOL, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. UNIV MUNICH, DEPT PSYCHIAT, W-8000 MUNICH, GERMANY. UNIV NAIROBI, DEPT PSYCHIAT, NAIROBI, KENYA. ESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT PSYCHOBIOL, SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL. PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. RP MAJ, M (reprint author), WHO, DIV MENTAL HLTH, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND. NR 21 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA MR516 UT WOS:A1994MR51600005 PM 8279928 ER PT J AU MAJ, M SATZ, P JANSSEN, R ZAUDIG, M STARACE, F DELIA, L SUGHONDHABIROM, B MUSSA, M NABER, D NDETEI, D SCHULTE, G SARTORIUS, N AF MAJ, M SATZ, P JANSSEN, R ZAUDIG, M STARACE, F DELIA, L SUGHONDHABIROM, B MUSSA, M NABER, D NDETEI, D SCHULTE, G SARTORIUS, N TI WHO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AIDS STUDY, CROSS-SECTIONAL PHASE-II - NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEROPOSITIVE ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS; HIV-1 INFECTION; DEMENTIA COMPLEX; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; ALZHEIMER TYPE; MANIFESTATIONS; PERFORMANCE; DISORDERS; DISEASE AB Background: The neuropsychological and neurological complications of HIV-1 infection and AIDS were explored within the cross-sectional phase of the WHO Neuropsychiatric AIDS Study. Special attention was devoted to the controversial issue of the prevalence and clinical significance of subtle cognitive deficits in asymptomatic seropositive subjects. Methods: A neuropsychological test battery validated for cross-cultural use, a structured interview for the diagnosis of dementia, a rating scale of functioning in daily living activities, and a neurological module were administered to representative samples of seropositive subjects and to matched seronegative controls living in the five geographic areas predominantly affected by the HIV-I epidemic. Data are available for five centers. Results: The prevalence of global neuropsychological impairment was significantly increased in asymptomatic seropositive subjects compared with controls in only two centers. A significant effect of education on neuropsychological performance was observed among asymptomatic serepositive individuals. In the two African centers, low-education, but not high-education, asymptomatic seropositive persons had an impaired performance. The frequency of impaired functioning in daily living activities and of neurologic abnormalities was higher in symptomatic, but not in asymptomatic, seropositive subjects compared with controls in all centers. Conclusions: These data suggest that the risk of subtle cognitive deficits may be increased in asymptomatic stages of HIV-1 infection. However, these deficits are not associated with neurologic changes and do not seem to affect subjects' social functioning. C1 WHO, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. UNIV NAPLES, DEPT PSYCHIAT 1, NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST NEUROPSYCHIAT, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MAX PLANCK INST PSYCHIAT, W-8000 MUNICH, GERMANY. CHULALONGKORN UNIV, DEPT PSYCHIAT, BANGKOK, THAILAND. UNIV KINSHASA, CTR NEUROPSYCHOPATHOL, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. UNIV MUNICH, DEPT PSYCHIAT, W-8000 MUNICH, GERMANY. UNIV NAIROBI, DEPT PSYCHIAT, NAIROBI, KENYA. EMILIO RIBAS HOSP, SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL. RP MAJ, M (reprint author), WHO, DIV MENTAL HLTH, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND. NR 44 TC 160 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA MR516 UT WOS:A1994MR51600006 PM 8279929 ER PT J AU MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ EWIGMAN, BG SMITH, SM MERCY, JA SNIEZEK, JE AF MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ EWIGMAN, BG SMITH, SM MERCY, JA SNIEZEK, JE TI GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FATAL ABUSE OR NEGLECT IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 5 YEARS OLD, UNITED-STATES, 1979 TO 1988 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: To examine geographic patterns of fatal child abuse or neglect (CAN) among children younger than 5 years old. Design: A death certificate-based model to estimate the occurrence of fatal CAN. Setting: United States, 1979 to 1988. Participants: The population of children younger than 5 years old. Interventions: None. Main Result: We estimate that from 868 to 1815 deaths annually occur among children younger than 5 years old from CAN. The lower figure is the estimate of confirmed CAN, and the higher is the estimate of the sum of confirmed, probable, and possible CAN. Death rates were highest in the South and West, intermediate in the North Central, and lowest in the Northeast. A threefold difference was noted between rates in the lowest- and highest-ranking states (ie, Connecticut, 2.9 to 5.1 per 1 00 000, and Nevada, 6.7 to 15.4 per 100 000, respectively). When the 39 largest metropolitan areas were ranked, a similar variation between the lowest and the highest was observed (ie, Boston, Mass, 2.7 to 5.5 per 100 000, and Phoenix, Ariz, 6.6 to 15.5 per 100 000, respectively). Conclusion: Understanding the sizable geographic variation in CAN deaths rates could lead to effective interventions. If the US fatality rate were reduced to that of Connecticut, between 434 and 908 fewer CAN deaths might occur annually. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 148 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ND428 UT WOS:A1994ND42800018 PM 8143018 ER PT J AU SWAN, DC VERNON, SD ICENOGLE, JP AF SWAN, DC VERNON, SD ICENOGLE, JP TI CELLULAR PROTEINS INVOLVED IN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINOBLASTOMA GENE-PRODUCT; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; C-HA-RAS; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; TGF-BETA-1 INHIBITION; E7 ONCOPROTEINS; E6 ONCOPROTEIN; E5 GENE; TYPE-16 AB Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with at least 80% of cervical carcinomas and are classified as high-risk or low-risk based on whether or not they are commonly found in cervical cancers. The high-risk HPVs have early gene products (E6 and E7) that immortalize human keratinocytes and are at least partially responsible for causing cervical carcinoma. E6 and E7 from the high-risk viruses interact strongly with the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb; those from the low-risk HPVs do not. Transformation involves a multi-step process and requires additional factors besides high-risk HPV infection. High-risk HPVs are capable of immortalizing primary human keratinocytes in tissue culture, but such cells become transformed only after certain chromosomal changes take place, possibly having to do with oncogene activation. The DNA of high-risk HPVs is frequently (if not always) integrated into the genome of cancer cells; it is normally episomal in premalignant lesions. Integration disrupts the E2 and E5 genes and viral gene regulation. Cells containing integrated viral DNA show excessively high levels of E6 and E7. While there is some conflicting evidence, it appears that the p53 and Rb tumor-suppressor genes are more frequently mutated in HPV-negative tumors than they are in HPV-positive tumors, suggesting that for tumor formation to proceed the p53 and Rb proteins must be inactivated either by interaction with the viral proteins or by mutation. The presence of an activated oncogene in a cell lacking functional p53 or Rb may then be sufficient to cause tumor progression. RP SWAN, DC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-18,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF01310042 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA PJ917 UT WOS:A1994PJ91700009 PM 7980001 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC TANNOCK, GA HIERHOLZER, CM COOMBS, RA KENNETT, ML PHILLIPS, PA GUST, ID AF HIERHOLZER, JC TANNOCK, GA HIERHOLZER, CM COOMBS, RA KENNETT, ML PHILLIPS, PA GUST, ID TI SUBGROUPING OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-STRAINS FROM AUSTRALIA AND PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA BY BIOLOGICAL AND ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTICS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-B STRAINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GROUP-A; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITIES AB Strains of respiratory syncytial virus from 3 major areas of Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) were analyzed for variations in their antigenic and biological properties and in the molecular weights of their major structural proteins. Seventy-eight strains from infants and young children with LRI were collected from 1981-1984. The RSV season in the Australian cities lasted from April through September, with major peaks in July of each year, while the RSV season in tropical PNG was year-round, with small peaks in March and October of each year coinciding with excessive rainfall. Fifty-six strains were analyzed in detail; 40 were typed by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies as group A strains and 16 were group B; both groups were concurrent. Three children of one family had sequential RSV infections 13 months apart, and the etiologic group A strain was identical both years in terms of growth and antigenic properties with strain-specific ferret antisera; the second infection was milder in all three children. On average, the group A strains replicated considerably better than group B strains in HEp2 cells, producing 53% more syncytia and 99% higher infectious virus titers in 31% less time in culture. Ten group A and B reference strains exhibited the same growth patterns as the A and B regional strains, respectively. Differences in antigenicity as measured with hyperimmune antisera to prototype Long strain were even greater. Group A strains exhibited a mean 68% greater IFA staining than B strains, a 71% greater EIA reaction, and were neutralized to 69% higher serum titers than B strains. Again, the reference A and B strains included as controls gave patterns identical to those of the regional strains. Finally, the P phosphoprotein had consistently higher molecular weight in A strains (mean 35 900) than B strains (mean 33 100). Small variations in the sizes of the F and G glycoproteins were not sufficient to suggest grouping on this basis. C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE,FAC MED,CALLAGHAN,NSW,AUSTRALIA. FAIRFIELD HOSP COMMUNICABLE DIS,VIRUS LAB,FAIRFIELD,VIC,AUSTRALIA. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF01538823 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA NN737 UT WOS:A1994NN73700012 PM 8002781 ER PT J AU VORNDAM, V NOGUEIRA, RMR TRENT, DW AF VORNDAM, V NOGUEIRA, RMR TRENT, DW TI RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN REGION DENGUE VIRUSES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN; SINGLE-STRANDED CDNA; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRION RNA; AUSTRALIA; ANTIBODIES; BANGKOK; DIGESTS; STRAINS AB Restriction fragment heterogeneity of Hae III digestion products of cDNA to virion RNA was used to map the distribution of dengue virus topotypes found in the American region. By comparing the electrophoretic patterns of fragments produced, dengue virus isolates were placed in groups that agreed with those previously determined by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Dengue-1 and dengue-4 viruses occur throughout the western hemisphere as single genetic types, with most of the isolates sharing at least 70% of their Hae III restriction enzyme fragments. Dengue-2 virus exists as two topotypes in the region with apparently non-overlapping distributions. The Puerto Rico topotype, which has been in the Caribbean for at least 40 years, is genetically diverse, while the Jamaica topotype, first isolated in 1981, is more homogeneous and has expanded its range from the original Caribbean focus to South America. C1 INST OSWALDO CRUZ,DEPT VIROL,BR-20001 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP VORNDAM, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE LAB,2 CALLE CASIA,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1007/BF01538828 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA NN737 UT WOS:A1994NN73700017 PM 7516146 ER PT J AU ANDO, T MULDERS, MN LEWIS, DC ESTES, MK MONROE, SS GLASS, RI AF ANDO, T MULDERS, MN LEWIS, DC ESTES, MK MONROE, SS GLASS, RI TI COMPARISON OF THE POLYMERASE REGION OF SMALL ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUS-STRAINS PREVIOUSLY CLASSIFIED IN 3 ANTIGENIC TYPES BY SOLID-PHASE IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID SNOW MOUNTAIN AGENT; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; NORWALK VIRUS; OUTBREAKS; IMMUNOASSAY AB We have used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with nested sets of primers to determine the nucleotide sequences of a 166 base pair segment of the RNA polymerase region of seven strains of small round structured viruses (SRSVs) from the United Kingdom. These SRSV strains were previously classified by solid-phase immune electron microscopy into three antigenic types - UK2, UK3 and UK4, which are comparable to the prototype strains Norwalk virus, Hawaii agent, and Snow Mountain agents, respectively. Based on their sequences, the seven strains from the United Kingdom could be divided into two groups. The first group included two strains of the UK2 type along with Norwalk virus and Southampton virus and the second group included three strains of UK3 and two strains of UK4 types. Viruses in the first group showed 75.3%-77.1% nucleotide and 89.1%-94.6% amino acid identity with Norwalk virus while those of the second group showed 60.8%-63.3% nucleotide and 67.3%-69.1% amino acid identity. Nucleotide and amino acid identity within the second group ranged between 91.6%-99.4% and 96.4%-100%, respectively. These results suggest that the SRSVs antigenically related with Norwalk virus, Hawaii agent, and Snow Mountain agent, can be classified into two genotypes on the basis of their sequences in the RNA polymerase region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MOLEC VIROL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUBL HLTH LAB,LEEDS,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ANDO, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1007/BF01309781 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA NB427 UT WOS:A1994NB42700021 PM 7515226 ER PT J AU MORSE, SA MCDADE, JE AF MORSE, SA MCDADE, JE TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WORKING WITH PATHOGENIC BACTERIA SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review RP MORSE, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1994 VL 235 BP 1 EP 26 PG 26 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BA88R UT WOS:A1994BA88R00001 PM 8057889 ER PT J AU GENCO, CA ARKO, RJ AF GENCO, CA ARKO, RJ TI ANIMAL CHAMBER MODELS FOR STUDY OF HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOXIN PRODUCTION INVIVO; FOREIGN-BODY INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SUBCUTANEOUS CHAMBERS; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GENCO, CA (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. NR 62 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1994 VL 235 BP 120 EP 140 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BA88R UT WOS:A1994BA88R00010 PM 8057891 ER PT J AU COX, DL AF COX, DL TI CULTURE OF TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NICHOLS STRAIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TISSUE-CULTURE; SUBSP PALLIDUM; MULTIPLICATION; CULTIVATION; REPLICATION; ATTACHMENT; OXYGEN; SYSTEM RP COX, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,TREPONEMA IMMUNOBIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1994 VL 236 BP 390 EP 405 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BA88S UT WOS:A1994BA88S00027 PM 7968624 ER PT J AU BLAJCHMAN, MA BERG FALANGA, A HARPER, P EMERSON, T HARKER, L SCHERR ANDREW, M KAREEM RICKLES, F SCHMIDT, B AF BLAJCHMAN, MA BERG FALANGA, A HARPER, P EMERSON, T HARKER, L SCHERR ANDREW, M KAREEM RICKLES, F SCHMIDT, B TI RATIONALE FOR REPLACEMENT THERAPY FOR ACQUIRED ANTITHROMBIN-III DEFICIENCY - DISCUSSION SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Discussion C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS DO2,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MCMASTER UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. OSPED RIUNITI BERGAMO,DEPT HAEMATOL,I-24100 BERGAMO,ITALY. MCMASTER UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PAEDIAT,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. MILES INC,DIV PHARMACEUT,W HAVEN,CT 06516. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL & ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BLAJCHMAN, MA (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ROOM 2N31,1200 MAIN ST W,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD JAN PY 1994 VL 5 SU 1 BP S59 EP S64 DI 10.1097/00001721-199401000-00008 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MV402 UT WOS:A1994MV40200008 ER PT J AU RICKLES, FR AF RICKLES, FR TI ACQUIRED ANTITHROMBIN-III DEFICIENCY - RATIONALE FOR REPLACEMENT THERAPY - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - WHAT ARE THE QUESTIONS SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Acquired Antithrombin III Deficiency - Rationale for Replacement Therapy CY JUL 09, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS DO2,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RICKLES, FR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD JAN PY 1994 VL 5 SU 1 BP S3 EP S4 DI 10.1097/00001721-199401000-00001 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MV402 UT WOS:A1994MV40200001 PM 8186354 ER PT J AU BIJNEN, FCH CASPERSEN, CJ MOSTERD, WL AF BIJNEN, FCH CASPERSEN, CJ MOSTERD, WL TI PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY HEART-DISEASE - A WHO AND INTERNATIONAL-SOCIETY AND FEDERATION-OF-CARDIOLOGY POSITION STATEMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC REHABILITATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EXERCISE; HEALTH; MEN AB Coronary heart disease is responsible for a considerable amount of the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases in industrialized countries. Many countries have therefore adopted prevention policies designed to reduce the prevalence of three of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease - high serum cholesterol, smoking, and high blood pressure. Physical inactivity is, however, also an important risk factor for developing coronary heart disease. This article presents a position statement by WHO and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology on physical inactivity and coronary heart disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CARDIOVASC HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT MED PHYSIOL & SPORTS MED,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 24 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA469 UT WOS:A1994NA46900001 PM 8131243 ER PT J AU REDD, SC VREULS, R METSING, M MOHOBANE, PH PATRICK, E MOTEETEE, M AF REDD, SC VREULS, R METSING, M MOHOBANE, PH PATRICK, E MOTEETEE, M TI CLINICAL SIGNS OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN ATTENDING A HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN LESOTHO SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; SELECTION AB To determine the value of clinical findings for the diagnosis of pneumonia, we evaluated 950 children who presented with respiratory illness to the outpatient department of the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Maseru, Lesotho. Those children at high risk for pneumonia and a systematically selected 20% sample of children at low risk were examined in turn by a nurse, a general practitioner, and a paediatrician; a chest radiograph was recorded for each child. Pneumonia was defined as radiographic findings compatible with the disease as interpreted by a paediatric radiologist. A respiratory rate greater than or equal to 50 breaths/minute was a sensitive sign for pneumonia among infants (sensitivity range for the three examiners: 59-79%), but identified a progressively smaller proportion of children with pneumonia in older age groups. Adjusting the respiratory rate for age using a threshold of greater than or equal to 40 breaths/minute for children aged greater than or equal to 12 months improved the sensitivity, but identified <30% of children with pneumonia aged greater than or equal to 24 months. No drop in sensitivity with age was found when respiratory rate thresholds were evaluated for children with more severe radiographic evidence of pneumonia. C1 MINIST HLTH,MASERU,LESOTHO. EMORY UNIV,HENRY EGLESTON HOSP,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. UNICEF,MUQDISHO,SOMALIA. MED SPECTRUM TWENTE,ENSCHEDE,NETHERLANDS. RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA469 UT WOS:A1994NA46900010 PM 8131246 ER PT J AU BRYCE, J VERNON, A BRATHWAITE, AR PERRY, S FIGUEROA, JP EMERSON, RB BAILEY, A BRAGG, L CAMPBELL, B LAWRENCE, G LONGSWORTH, G SIMMONDS, J THOMAS, O DUNCAN, W BIRMINGHAM, M MORAN, J BASSETT, D GREENSPAN, J AF BRYCE, J VERNON, A BRATHWAITE, AR PERRY, S FIGUEROA, JP EMERSON, RB BAILEY, A BRAGG, L CAMPBELL, B LAWRENCE, G LONGSWORTH, G SIMMONDS, J THOMAS, O DUNCAN, W BIRMINGHAM, M MORAN, J BASSETT, D GREENSPAN, J TI QUALITY OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE SERVICES IN JAMAICA - EVALUATION OF A CLINIC-BASED APPROACH SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB As part of a larger strategy to develop global indicators of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection prevention programmes, a clinic-based method for the assessment of sexually transmitted disease (STD) service quality was developed and field tested by trained observers who visited a random sample of public-sector clinics in Jamaica in October 1991. The assessment included an inventory of equipment and drugs, interviews with clinic staff, and observations of 27 health workers in 15 clinics as they provided services To 115 patients presenting for STD care. This observation-based method provided Jamaican programme managers with descriptive data on STD case management in public clinics within a one-month study period at an approximate local cost of US$ 5000. Based on weighted estimates, 91% of public-sector STD patients in Jamaica were seen in clinics whose staff had received some training in STD case management during the preceding 12 months. The correct treatment rate was estimated to be 82% for those diagnosed with gonorrhoea, and 70% for those diagnosed with syphilis. Based on 98 observed encounters for first-time-for-episode patients, counselling included sex partner referral (57%), partner reduction (48%), and condom use (59%). Although 61% of STD patients were seen in clinics with condoms in stock on the day of the assessment, only 23% were offered condoms during their visit. The clinic-based assessment method can be adapted to the programme management and reporting needs of countries at all stages of STD service development, and can provide data needed to improve programme operations and meet international reporting standards. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV TECH SUPPORT,SOCIAL & BEHAV SCI BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,STD HIV CONTROL PROGRAM,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,OFF INT ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINIST HLTH,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,TRAINING & EDUC BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BRYCE, J (reprint author), WHO,DIV DIARRHOEAL & ACUTE RESP DIS CONTROL,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NL738 UT WOS:A1994NL73800008 PM 8205644 ER PT J AU GORSTEIN, J SULLIVAN, K YIP, R DEONIS, M TROWBRIDGE, F FAJANS, P CLUGSTON, G AF GORSTEIN, J SULLIVAN, K YIP, R DEONIS, M TROWBRIDGE, F FAJANS, P CLUGSTON, G TI ISSUES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL-STATUS USING ANTHROPOMETRY SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INDICATORS; AGE AB Four issues in the use and interpretation of anthropometry are discussed at the level of the population and of the individual. The first issue is the index or indices of choice: weight-for-height versus height-for-age versus weight-for-age. The selection of an index or indices depends upon many factors, and no one index is completely adequate in all situations. Proposed criteria are provided to assess the severity of low anthropometry within populations. The second issue is the scale of the index: z-scores (or standard deviations) versus percentiles versus percent-of-median. z-Scores have several properties that make them superior to the other two scales. A third issue deals with limitations in the current growth reference; one of these is the disjunction between the growth curves at 2 years of age, resulting from the use of two different populations in the reference. It is important that this disjunction be recognized by researchers so that the anthropometric findings are interpreted correctly for this age range. Lastly, some issues to do with the collection of single versus multiple anthropometric measurements on children are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. PROGRAM AGAINST MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT INT HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 28 TC 129 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NL738 UT WOS:A1994NL73800012 PM 8205648 ER PT J AU BRYCE, J ROUNGOU, JB NGUYENDINH, P NAIMOLI, JF BREMAN, JG AF BRYCE, J ROUNGOU, JB NGUYENDINH, P NAIMOLI, JF BREMAN, JG TI EVALUATION OF NATIONAL MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAMS IN AFRICA SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; CHILDREN AB Evaluation is an essential management tool for the improvement of public health programmes or projects. As malaria morbidity and mortality continue to increase in most countries in Africa, international agencies and malaria control programme managers have identified the strengthening of programme evaluation as an important strategy for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of malaria control programmes. Managers can develop an evaluation strategy only after they have defined programme objectives and planned specific programme activities. Indicators should be directly related to programme objectives and should be selected on the basis of the following criteria: their validity; reliability; ability to detect change within a reasonable time period and as a result of successful programme implementation; ability to be interpreted; and usefulness in guiding programme change. Only those indicators that can be measured with available programme resources should be selected. Managers will also need to identify the sources of indicator data and to determine how often each indicator will be measured. Programme managers should develop criteria or indicators for the following: programme policies and plans; the process of programme implementation; the outcomes of malaria control interventions in disease management and prevention; and programme impact in terms of reductions in malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Key issues related to the management of evaluation activities within a national programme include the need to begin with available resources and build incrementally, to explore options for administering evaluation activities; to select, train and supervise staff who carry out evaluation activities; to develop quality control strategies; and to ensure that data are managed and communicated in ways that support effective programme decision-making. For evaluation to lead to improvements in malaria control programmes it must be clearly defined as a part of the programme management process. Programme managers should lead this developmental process, ensuring that evaluation methods produce the information they need to monitor and improve their programmes at reasonable cost. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ925 UT WOS:A1994NZ92500003 ER PT J AU LIMQUIZON, MC BENABAYE, RM WHITE, FM DAYRIT, MM WHITE, ME AF LIMQUIZON, MC BENABAYE, RM WHITE, FM DAYRIT, MM WHITE, ME TI CHOLERA IN METROPOLITAN MANILA - FOODBORNE TRANSMISSION VIA STREET VENDORS SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; RISK AB Reported are the results of an unmatched case-control study to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of cholera in Manila. Cases were patients admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital between July and September 1989 and whose stools yielded Vibrio cholerae 01 on culture. Controls were patients admitted to the same hospital and who had no history of diarrhoea or of having taken antibiotics during the 3 days prior to admission. Of the 158 cases and 158 controls who had bought food from street vendors, cases were more likely to have bought the following items: pansit (rice noodles with shrimp, meat, and vegetables), mussel soup, spaghetti, fish balls, pig blood coagulated with vinegar, and salty brine shrimp with vegetables. Cases were also more likely to lack piped water at home. An unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated that only pansit (OR = 2.15, 95% Cl = 1.32 - 3.51), mussel soup (OR = 2.29, 95% Cl = 1.06 - 4.95), and the absence of piped wafer at home (OR = 2.70, 95% Cl = 1.63-4.46) remained as risk factors. As control measures we recommend stricter implementation of the food sanitation code and the licensing of street food vendors. C1 NATL EPIDEM & SURVEILLANCE SITE,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. RP LIMQUIZON, MC (reprint author), HLTH OFF TARLAC,TARLAC 2300,PHILIPPINES. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 5 BP 745 EP 749 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR381 UT WOS:A1994PR38100008 PM 7955024 ER PT J AU AABY, P SAMB, B SIMONDON, F KNUDSEN, K SECK, AMC BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L RHODES, P WHITTLE, H AF AABY, P SAMB, B SIMONDON, F KNUDSEN, K SECK, AMC BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L RHODES, P WHITTLE, H TI SEX-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN MORTALITY AFTER HIGH-TITER MEASLES IMMUNIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; CHILD-MORTALITY; VACCINES; TITER; VACCINATION; EXPOSURE; URBAN; LIFE; EFFICACY; SCHWARZ AB Administration of high-titre measles vaccine (Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) at >10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) per dose) before the age of 9 months has been recommended in areas with high measles mortality before the routine age of immunization after 9 months. The study compares the long-term survival after high-titre measles immunization at 5 months of age with that following routine immunization with standard-titre vaccine at 10 months of age. At 5 months of age the high-titre group received Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ-HT, 5 months) or Schwarz (SW-HT, 5 months) at titres >10(5) PFU per dose, while the standard-titre group received placebo at 5 months of age and <10(4) PFU per dose of Schwarz vaccine at 10 months (SW-std, 10 months). AN the children were followed up to at least 36 months of age. The mortality ratio (MR) for infants in the EZ-HT, 5 months and SW-HT, 5 months groups was 1.32 (P = 0.089) and 1.45 (P = 0.092), respectively, which did not differ significantly from that of recipients of the SW-std, 10 months. The higher MR among recipients of the high-titre vaccines was due to the significantly lower survival among females compared with the females who received SW-std vaccine (EZ-HT, 5 months MR = 1.76, P = 0.013; SW-HT, 5 months MR = 2.14, P = 0.017). For children aged 5-10 months the high-titre measles vaccine did not increase mortality relative to unvaccinated children who had received placebo. C1 ORSTOM,DAKAR,SENEGAL. STATENS SERUM INST,EPIDEMIOL RES UNIT,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV COPENHAGEN,STAT RES UNIT,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,DAKAR,SENEGAL. TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1994 VL 72 IS 5 BP 761 EP 770 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR381 UT WOS:A1994PR38100010 PM 7955026 ER PT B AU MCQUEEN, D CAMPOSTRINI, S AF MCQUEEN, D CAMPOSTRINI, S BE Boulton, M TI MONITORING BEHAVIORAL-CHANGE IN THE POPULATION - A CONTINUOUS DATA-COLLECTION APPROACH SO CHALLENGE AND INNOVATION: METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN SOCIAL RESEARCH ON HIV/AIDS SE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF AIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Challenge and Innovation: Methodological Advances in Social Research on HIV/AIDS CY MAY, 1992 CL HARROGATE, ENGLAND SP ECON & SOCIAL RES COUNCIL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 4 JOHN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1N 2ET BN 0-74840-197-0 J9 SOC AS AIDS PY 1994 VL 264 BP 39 EP 55 PG 17 WC Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Biomedical Social Sciences GA BB08B UT WOS:A1994BB08B00003 ER PT J AU LABEUR, C ROSSENEU, M HENDERSON, O AF LABEUR, C ROSSENEU, M HENDERSON, O TI INTERNATIONAL LP(A) STANDARDIZATION SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE LP(A); STANDARDIZATION; INTERNATIONAL SURVEY ID LIPOPROTEIN(A) AB Two international surveys for Lp(a) measurements were organized from 1989 to 1991. The results of the first survey led to the conclusion that the lack of a common primary standard was the main cause of the large inter-laboratory variation observed. No major effects of techniques or antisera were observed. The same findings were confirmed during the second survey, which was extended to include more samples and a larger number of participants. During the second survey, no consistent effect due to freezing or lyophilization could be demonstrated, although there was a trend towards lower Lp(a) values in lyophilized samples. The inter- and intra-laboratory coefficients of variation did not vary significantly for the different Lp(a) phenotypes, and variability was comparable for lyophilized, liquid and frozen materials. Large intra-assay coefficients of variation were observed during both surveys. Results obtained in different laboratories using the same commercial reagents and standards also showed a large variation. These initial results demonstrate that the lack of a primary standard and poor assay precision are the main factors responsible for the high inter-laboratory variation observed during these surveys. C1 INNOGENET NV,B-9052 GHENT,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LABEUR, C (reprint author), ACAD HOSP ST JAN,DEPT BIOCHEM,BIOCHEM LAB,5TH FLOOR,RUDDERSHOVE 8-10,B-8000 BRUGGE,BELGIUM. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PY 1994 VL 67-8 SI SI BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90146-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA NB029 UT WOS:A1994NB02900029 PM 8187223 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D ALPERS, MP SULZER, AJ YAPING, S LAL, AA AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D ALPERS, MP SULZER, AJ YAPING, S LAL, AA TI IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY BETWEEN STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND THE BLOOD-STAGE OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; NEW-GUINEA; GAG; EPITOPES; ANTIGEN AB To determine the serologic cross reactivity between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and parasite antigens, we measured antibody responses against HTLV-I, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Brugia malayi in serum specimens obtained from regions where malaria (n = 482) and filariasis (n = 101) are endemic. Analysis of immune reactivity to HTLV-I antigens showed that specimens from regions where malaria is endemic had significantly higher rates of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactivity (76 of 482 [15.8%]) than those from regions where filariasis is endemic (0 of 101 [0%]). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of the HTLV-I EIA-reactive specimens demonstrated predominant Gag reactivity (HTLV-I-ind). Only two specimens each from Indonesia and Brazil and four specimens from Papua New Guinea had Fm reactivity by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis. Furthermore, a positive correlation between HTLV-I EIA and titers of antibody to the blood stage of P. falciparun (r(s) = 0.24, P < 0.005) was discerned; no correlation was observed between antibodies to the blood stage or the circumsporozoite protein of P. vivax and the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum. In addition, P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte lysate specifically abrogated binding of Gag-specific antibodies in HTLV-I-ind specimens from regions where malaria is endemic without affecting binding in HTLV-I-seropositive specimens, suggesting that the immunologic cross-reactivity between HTLV Gag proteins and malaria parasites is restricted to the blood-stage antigens of plasmodia in specimens from regions where malaria is endemic. However, HTLV-seroindeterminate specimens from the United States did not demonstrate serologic cross-reactivity, suggesting that antigenic mimicry of HTLV proteins extends to other nonplasmodial antigens as well. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT561 UT WOS:A1994PT56100002 PM 7496921 ER PT J AU POPE, V LARSEN, SA RICE, RJ GOFORTH, SN PARHAM, CE FEARS, MB AF POPE, V LARSEN, SA RICE, RJ GOFORTH, SN PARHAM, CE FEARS, MB TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPES IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SYPHILIS; INFILTRATE; IMMUNITY; SUBSETS AB To characterize the human immune response to syphilis, we determined the effect of infection with Treponema pallidum on the percentage of the various lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of infected and uninfected persons. Monoclonal antibodies labeled with either fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin were used to perform dual color analysis on a FACScan with the following markers: CD3 for total T cells, CD4 for T helper cells, CD8 for T suppressor cells, CD19 for B cells, and CD16 plus CD56 for natural killer cells. Lymphocyte immunophenotype results were analyzed by the stage of untreated syphilis and by gender. Although they were within the ran:ges of the normal distribution of immunophenotypes, the percentages of CD4(+) cells were significantly lower (P < 0.001) and those of CD8(+) cells were higher (P = 0.03) in patients,vith syphilis than in the uninfected papulation. For infected versus uninfected subjects, both women and men, the differences in the mean percentages bf CD3(+) and CD4(+) cells were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Significant differences were noted between the se:res in secondary syphilis only in the mean percentages of cells positive for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD16 plus CD56. Gender had no effect on lymphocyte subpopulations in subjects with primary or latent syphilis. In the control population, significant differences due to gender were observed in the percentages of cells positive for CD3, CD4, and CD16 plus CD56. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPE, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,TPIB D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT561 UT WOS:A1994PT56100024 PM 7496914 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ SILCOX, V BROWN, BA AF WALLACE, RJ SILCOX, V BROWN, BA TI TAXONOMY OF RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FORTUITUM; COMPLEX C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,MYCOBACTERIA NOCARDIA LAB,TYLER,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOBACTERIOL REFERENCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA. RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,POB 2003,TYLER,TX 75710, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MX205 UT WOS:A1994MX20500024 PM 8093182 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W WOODS, TC SINHA, SD KHAN, AS CHAPMAN, LE SCHONBERGER, LB FOLKS, TM AF HENEINE, W WOODS, TC SINHA, SD KHAN, AS CHAPMAN, LE SCHONBERGER, LB FOLKS, TM TI LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR INFECTION WITH KNOWN HUMAN AND ANIMAL RETROVIRUSES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HTLV-I; HUMAN SPUMARETROVIRUS; SEQUENCES; DISEASE AB We investigated 21 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who were identified through the surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta for the presence of several human and animal retroviruses. In addition, we evaluated 21 CDC employee controls matched with the patients for age (+/-5 years), gender, and race. The viruses tested included human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II; human spuma retrovirus; simian T-lymphotropic virus type I; simian retroviruses types 1, 2, and 3; bovine leukemia virus; feline leukemia virus; and gibbon ape leukemia virus. Samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukocytes from patients and controls were analyzed in a blinded fashion for retroviral sequences; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification assays and Southern blot hybridization to P-32-labeled internal oligoprobes were used. All PCR assays were optimized for maximal sensitivity on respective infected cell lines or plasmids, and sensitivity controls were included in each experiment. All samples from patients and controls were negative for the tested retroviral sequences. Our data indicate that none of these retroviruses plays an etiologic role or is a cofactor in the chronic fatigue syndrome illnesses of our study population. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 18 SU 1 BP S121 EP S125 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MR864 UT WOS:A1994MR86400029 PM 8148438 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, O POPOVIC, T SKJERVE, E CUDJOE, KS HORNES, E UGELSTAD, J UHLEN, M AF OLSVIK, O POPOVIC, T SKJERVE, E CUDJOE, KS HORNES, E UGELSTAD, J UHLEN, M TI MAGNETIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB The principles of magnetic separation aided by antibodies or other specific binding molecules have been used for isolation of specific viable whole organisms, antigens, or nucleic acids. Whereas growth on selective media may be helpful in isolation of a certain bacterial species, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technology can isolate strains possessing specific and characteristic surface antigens. Further separation, cultivation, and identification of the isolate can be performed by traditional biochemical, immunologic, or molecular methods. PCR can be used for amplification and identification of genes of diagnostic importance for a target organism. The combination of IMS and PCR reduces the assay time to several hours while increasing both specificity and sensitivity. Use of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads for separation of amplified DNA fragments, containing both biotin and a signal molecule, has allowed for the conversion of the traditional PCR into an easy-to-read microtiter plate format The bead-bound PCR amplicons can also easily be sequenced in an automated DNA sequencer. The latter technique makes it possible to obtain sequence data of 300 to 600 bases from 20 to 30 strains, starting with clinical samples, within 12 to 24 h. Sequence data can be used far both diagnostic and epidemiologic purposes. IMS has been demonstrated to be a useful method in diagnostic microbiology. Most recent publications describe IMS as a method for enhancing the specificity and sensitivity of other detection systems, such as PCR, and providing considerable savings in time compared with traditional diagnostic systems. The relevance to clinical diagnosis has, however, not yet been fully established for all of these new test principles. In the case of PCR, for example, the presence of specific DNA in a food sample does not demonstrate the presence of a live organism capable of inducing a disease. However, all tests offering increased sensitivity and specificity of detection, combined with reduced time of analysis, have to be seriously evaluated. RP OLSVIK, O (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM MSGO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 312 Z9 329 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MR002 UT WOS:A1994MR00200004 PM 8118790 ER PT J AU MUENKE, M GURRIERI, F YI, D BAY, C COLLINS, AL JOHNSON, VP HENNEKAM, RCM SCHAEFER, GB LUBINSKY, MS MOORE, CA DOBYNS, WB MURRAY, JC PRICE, RA AF MUENKE, M GURRIERI, F YI, D BAY, C COLLINS, AL JOHNSON, VP HENNEKAM, RCM SCHAEFER, GB LUBINSKY, MS MOORE, CA DOBYNS, WB MURRAY, JC PRICE, RA TI LINKAGE OF A GENE CAUSING FAMILIAL HOLOPROSENCEPHALY (HPE) TO CHROMOSOME 7Q36 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT GENET,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. PRINCESS ANN HOSP,SOUTHAMPTON,ENGLAND. UNIV S DAKOTA,VERMILLION,SD 57069. UNIV AMSTERDAM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. CHILDRENS HOSP,MILWAUKEE,WI. UNIV NEBRASKA,OMAHA,NE 68182. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1994 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ME404 UT WOS:A1994ME40400064 ER PT J AU PEARSON, ML COLE, JS JARVIS, WR AF PEARSON, ML COLE, JS JARVIS, WR TI HOW COMMON IS LATEX ALLERGY - A SURVEY OF CHILDREN WITH MYELODYSPLASIA SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHYLAXIS AB To estimate the prevalence of latex allergy among children with myelodysplasia, describe the spectrum of associated clinical symptoms and evaluate potential risk factors for the development of latex sensitization, the authors conducted a survey at a regional spina bifida center. The findings suggest that symptomatic latex allergy is frequent among children with myelodysplasia and that those with a history of allergies and/or multiple surgical procedures are at greatest risk of sensitization. Until a sensitive and specific laboratory test for latex allergy is available, clinical history, especially allergy to balloons, may be an inexpensive and convenient way of identifying patients with myelodysplasia who may be at increased risk of more severe reactions and at whom preventive measures, such as reducing latex exposures and/or administration of prophylactic medications, should be targeted. C1 ARNOLD PALMER HOSP CHILDREN & WOMEN,CTR SPINA BIFIDA,ORLANDO,FL 32806. RP PEARSON, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA MR164 UT WOS:A1994MR16400009 PM 8132116 ER PT S AU LEDUC, JW MORSE, S BERKELMAN, R GARRETT, L CASH, R SHOPE, RE KOMAR, N LEVINS, R EPSTEIN, P ROBERTS, D SPIELMAN, A WILSON, M AF LEDUC, JW MORSE, S BERKELMAN, R GARRETT, L CASH, R SHOPE, RE KOMAR, N LEVINS, R EPSTEIN, P ROBERTS, D SPIELMAN, A WILSON, M BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI DISEASE IN EVOLUTION - HANTAVIRUS - GENERAL DISCUSSION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEWSDAY,SCI SECT,MELVILLE,NY 11747. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,PMB DEPT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. HARVARD UNIV,MT AUBURN HOSP,SCH MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02238. HARVARD UNIV,MT AUBURN HOSP,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV INFECT DIS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02238. RP LEDUC, JW (reprint author), WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 208 EP 224 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00024 ER PT S AU GARENNE, M GLASSER, J LEVINS, R AF GARENNE, M GLASSER, J LEVINS, R BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI DISEASE, POPULATION AND VIRULENCE - THOUGHTS ABOUT MEASLES MORTALITY SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA ID PARASITES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GARENNE, M (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,ROOM 1208,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. RI GARENNE, Michel/A-7712-2013 OI GARENNE, Michel/0000-0001-6073-7803 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19881.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00034 PM 7840460 ER PT S AU BRYAN, RT PINNER, RW BERKELMAN, RL AF BRYAN, RT PINNER, RW BERKELMAN, RL BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES IN THE UNITED-STATES - IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE, A REQUISITE FOR PREVENTION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA ID CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 346 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19892.x PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00045 PM 7840468 ER PT S AU SPIELMAN, A TESH, R BRYAN, R ECKARDT, I BERKELMAN, R SHOPE, R ROBERTS, D COLWELL, R LEVINS, R ANDERSON, P AF SPIELMAN, A TESH, R BRYAN, R ECKARDT, I BERKELMAN, R SHOPE, R ROBERTS, D COLWELL, R LEVINS, R ANDERSON, P BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI SURVEILLANCE .A. THE POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SURVEILLANCE - DISCUSSION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. IHS,HQW,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. HARVARD UNIV,MUSEUM COMPARAT ZOOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PMB,BETHESDA,MD 20814. MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,OFF PRESIDENT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV NACL AGR,AGR INST CANADA,FIELD PROJECT INSECT TRANSMITTED PLANT PATHOGENS,MANAGUA,NICARAGUA. RP SPIELMAN, A (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BLDG I-5TH FLOOR,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 383 EP 387 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00048 ER PT S AU GARRETT, L BERKELMAN, R BRYAN, R AF GARRETT, L BERKELMAN, R BRYAN, R BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI SURVEILLANCE .B. INSTITUTIONS AND SURVEILLANCE - DISCUSSION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IHS,HQW,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00049 ER PT J AU KUSSER, WC MIAO, XL GLICKMAN, BW FRIEDLAND, JM ROTHMAN, N HEMSTREET, GP MELLOT, J SWAN, DC SCHULTE, PA HAYES, RB AF KUSSER, WC MIAO, XL GLICKMAN, BW FRIEDLAND, JM ROTHMAN, N HEMSTREET, GP MELLOT, J SWAN, DC SCHULTE, PA HAYES, RB TI P53 MUTATIONS IN HUMAN BLADDER-CANCER SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE PCR; SSCP; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE P53; BLADDER CANCER ID GENE; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. To assess the status of p53 from genomic DNA from bladder cancer samples a two stage polymerase chain reaction was employed. The technique provided material for subsequent detection of mutations by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis followed by DNA sequence analysis. SSCP analysis of exons 5 to 9 of p53 was performed using fragments from PCR end-labeled with P-32 followed by autoradiography using an electrophoresis system with temperature control. This SSCP method improved resolution of mutations in exons 5, 7, and 8 and the sharpness of bands in exons 6 and 9. Bonds with altered migration patterns were excised from the dried SSCP gels, reamplified by PCR, and sequenced. Mutations in conserved exons 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the p53 gene were analyzed from bladder tumor biopsies. Our results are consistent with the literature in that mutations in p53 are predominantly found in high grade bladder cancer (Odds Ratio = 4.05, Fisher Exact P = 0.104); however, the results were not statistically significant due to small numbers. Eight of 35 (23%) tumor samples examined showed mutations in p53 (including two double mutations). Six of 13 (46%) grade III and IV tumors had p53 mutations vs. 2 of 17 (12%) grade I and II tumors. Normal individuals carried no p53 mutations. We found no correlation between pock years of smoking and mutation in p53. The spectrum of mutations confirmed a high proportion of G:C C:G transversions as well as the occurrence of double mutations. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD. UNIV OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP KUSSER, WC (reprint author), UNIV VICTORIA,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DEPT BIOL,VICTORIA,BC V8W 2Y2,CANADA. FU PHS HHS [211-91-0007] NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1002/em.2850240303 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA QF993 UT WOS:A1994QF99300002 PM 7957118 ER PT J AU CHOUDHARY, G AF CHOUDHARY, G TI ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO 1,3-BUTADIENE - A HUMAN HEALTH PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review ID MALE B6C3F1 MICE; MACROCYTIC-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS; RUBBER WORKERS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INHALED 1,3-BUTADIENE; BUTADIENE METABOLISM; INVIVO EXPOSURE RP CHOUDHARY, G (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1059-0501 J9 ENVIRON CARCIN ECO R JI Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxical. Rev.-Pt. C J. Env. Sci. Health PY 1994 VL 12 IS 1 BP 23 EP 61 PG 39 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NR368 UT WOS:A1994NR36800002 ER PT S AU HOUK, VN AF HOUK, VN BE Draper, WM TI ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL RISK - SCIENTIFICALLY DEFENSIBLE OR FANTASY SO ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS ON HUMAN HEALTH SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Epidemiology: Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Human Health, at the 203rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM AB Estimating the risk to human health from synthetic toxic substances is becoming increasingly critical in our society. Epidemiological studies should play a vital role in risk assessment. Without human data based on valid, well-done epidemiological studies, extrapolation from animal studies may seriously overestimate or underestimate the risk. To assess risk to the best of our ability, scientists must use all the data-human and animal-and combine this information with the soundest professional judgment. The multistage linearized model for quantitative risk assessment is not appropriate for all chemicals and just because the results of an epidemiological study have been published, they do not necessarily provide the final answers. RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2517-6 J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1994 VL 241 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BB39J UT WOS:A1994BB39J00001 ER PT S AU NEEDHAM, LL AF NEEDHAM, LL BE Draper, WM TI EXAMPLES OF MEASURING INTERNAL DOSE FOR ASSESSING EXPOSURE IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS ON HUMAN HEALTH SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Epidemiology: Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Human Health, at the 203rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORINATED PHENOLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-FLUIDS; HALF-LIFE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; PENTACHLOROPHENOL AB Exposure to environmental contaminants occurs when the contaminant is present in the environment and humans have contact with that environment. Environmental public health scientists, especially epidemiologists, study the relationship between such exposure and any adverse health effects. The exposure is often assessed on the basis of measured concentrations of the contaminants in the environment and the estimated duration of human exposure. However, frequently these models are not predictive of the amount of toxicant absorbed in the human; thus, there is a need to measure the internal dose of these toxicants in humans. This measurement, along with pharmacokinetic information for the toxicant, is the best marker of exposure with which to relate adverse health effects. Several examples that illustrate the need for measuring the internal dose are presented. RP NEEDHAM, LL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2517-6 J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1994 VL 241 BP 121 EP 135 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BB39J UT WOS:A1994BB39J00010 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DG TODD, GD TURNER, WE MAGGIO, V ALEXANDER, LR NEEDHAM, LL AF PATTERSON, DG TODD, GD TURNER, WE MAGGIO, V ALEXANDER, LR NEEDHAM, LL TI LEVELS OF NON-ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED (COPLANAR), MONO-ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED AND DI-ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, AND DIBENZOFURANS IN HUMAN SERUM AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; WHOLE-WEIGHT; PCBS; FISH; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PCDDS; PCDFS; BLOOD AB We have measured non-ortho-substituted (coplanar) polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in human adipose tissue and serum collected in Atlanta, Georgia. The results show that the concentrations of the coplanar PCBs can be more than an order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Our measurements in pooled serum collected in 1982, 1988, and 1989 show a decrease in coplanar PCB levels from 1982 to 1989. We found that the pattern of relative amounts of coplanar PCBs in adipose tissue varied greatly from person to person unlike the PCDD and PCDF patterns, which were more nearly the same. Age was significantly correlated with the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD,3,3'4,4'-PCB, 3,3',4,4',5-PCB, and 3,3'4,4',5,5'-PCB in adipose tissue. We also measured levels of the mono- and di-ortho chlorine-substituted PCBs in human serum. The levels for some of these PCB congeners were three orders of magnitude higher than the coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. We used the international toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCDDs and PCDFs and the TEFs proposed by Safe for PCBs to calculate the 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents. Four PCBs (3,3',4,4',5-; 2,3',4,4',5-;2,3,3',4,4'-;2,3,3',4,4',5-) make a larger contribution than 2,3,7,8-TCDD, while four other PCBs (3,3',4,4'5,5'-; 2,2',3,4,4',5'-;2,2',4,4',5,5'-;2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-) make nearly the same contribution as 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The mono-ortho-chlorine-substituted 2,3',4,4',5-PCB, however, is the major contributor to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents in general population samples from the United States, Sweden, and Japan. The PCDDs are the second most significant contributor in the U.S. samples, whereas the coplanar PCBs are the second most significant contributor in samples from Sweden and Japan. RP PATTERSON, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,MAIL STOP F17,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 61 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 102 SU 1 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NB330 UT WOS:A1994NB33000028 PM 8187709 ER PT J AU DWYER, DM STRICKLER, H GOODMAN, RA ARMENIAN, HK AF DWYER, DM STRICKLER, H GOODMAN, RA ARMENIAN, HK TI USE OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES IN OUTBREAK INVESTIGATIONS SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID TOXIC-SHOCK SYNDROME; EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; PUBLIC-HEALTH-SERVICE; RISK-FACTORS; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; WOUND INFECTIONS; REYES-SYNDROME; CONSUMPTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DWYER, DM (reprint author), MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,CTR CLIN EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1994 VL 16 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NW918 UT WOS:A1994NW91800010 PM 7925720 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH AF KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH TI APPLICATIONS OF THE CASE-CONTROL METHOD IN GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; SIB-PAIR METHOD; ASSESSING FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CLEFT-LIP; PREREPRODUCTIVE MORTALITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; REGRESSION-MODELS C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 118 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1994 VL 16 IS 1 BP 134 EP 150 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NW918 UT WOS:A1994NW91800012 PM 7925722 ER PT J AU NESS, RB SCHOTLAND, HM FLEGAL, KM SHOFER, FS AF NESS, RB SCHOTLAND, HM FLEGAL, KM SHOFER, FS TI REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE RISK IN WOMEN SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; 2ND NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WHITE WOMEN; WEIGHT-GAIN; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NESS, RB (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,130 DESOTO ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 146 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 298 EP 314 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QC870 UT WOS:A1994QC87000007 PM 7713181 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, L MASTROIACOVO, P SKJAERVEN, R CASTILLA, E ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, L MASTROIACOVO, P SKJAERVEN, R CASTILLA, E ERICKSON, JD TI MONITORING FOR MULTIPLE CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES - AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; VACTERL-ASSOCIATION; DISRUPTION DEFECTS; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DYSMORPHOLOGY; EMBRYOPATHY C1 UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, PEDIAT CLIN, ITALIAN MULTICENTR REGISTAR CONGENITAL MALFORMAT, ROME, ITALY. UNIV BERGEN, HAUKELAND HOSP, MED INFORMAT & STAT SECT, N-5021 BERGEN, NORWAY. FIOCRUZ MS, LATIN AMER COLLABORAT STUDY CONGENITAL MALFORMAT, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH, MAILSTOP F45, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 335 EP 350 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QC870 UT WOS:A1994QC87000009 PM 7713183 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD AF SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE - RISK-FACTORS, PREVENTION STRATEGIES, AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; DOSE PENICILLIN PROPHYLAXIS; INTRA-AMNIOTIC INFECTION; BREAST-MILK TRANSMISSION; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; HUMAN-IGG ANTIBODY; BETA-C-PROTEIN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PREMATURE RUPTURE RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 187 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 374 EP 402 PG 29 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QC870 UT WOS:A1994QC87000011 PM 7713185 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS CROFT, JB ANDERSON, AJ BYERS, T JACOBSEN, SJ GRUCHOW, HW WALKER, JA BARBORIAK, JJ AF FREEDMAN, DS CROFT, JB ANDERSON, AJ BYERS, T JACOBSEN, SJ GRUCHOW, HW WALKER, JA BARBORIAK, JJ TI THE RELATION OF DOCUMENTED CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE TO LEVELS OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; HDL LIPOPROTEINS; LDL LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; LIPIDS AB Recommendations for identifying persons at high risk for coronary heart disease are based primarily on levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We examined whether, given knowledge of these levels, information on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level would improve the prediction of arteriographically documented coronary artery disease among 591 men. We found that even at levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol considered desirable, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely related to disease severity. For example, among the 112 men with a total cholesterol level <180 mg per dl, the mean occlusion score (representing the overall severity of disease) was 107 among men with a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than or equal to 30 mg per dl us a mean score of 52 among men with levels greater than or equal to 45 mg per dl. Furthermore, men with low levels of both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<110 mg per dl) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (less than or equal to 30 mg per dl) had as much occlusive disease as did men with high levels of both lipoprotein fractions. Given information on the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol, the actual levels of the lipoprotein fractions did nor improve disease prediction. Our results emphasize the importance of considering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when assessing coronary heart disease risk. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,MAILSTOP K-26,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL29011, R01-HL28692] NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 5 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1097/00001648-199401000-00012 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MQ008 UT WOS:A1994MQ00800012 PM 8117786 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA AF NICHOLSON, JKA TI QUALITY-CONTROL IN IMMUNOPHENOTYPING - US EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH COMMON METHODOLOGY AND THEIR IMPACT SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Meeting on Advances in Analytical Cytology Immunology CY NOV 11-14, 1993 CL ERICE, ITALY DE GUIDELINES; PERFORMANCE PROGRAMS; PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAMS; LABORATORY PERFORMANCE; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; FLOW CYTOMETRY ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; TEMPERATURE; TIME AB Several organizations in the United States have recently been involved in the quality assurance of immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. These activities include publication of guidelines for immunophenotyping, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus infection, performance evaluation and proficiency testing programs, and training and continuing education programs. Through questionnaires and results from performance evaluation programs, variability in test results has been decreasing the last few years, and more laboratories are beginning to use the same specimen processing and data analysis procedures. RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LUIGI PONZIO E FIGLIO PI PAVIA PA VIA D DA CATALOGNA 1/3, 27100 PAVIA, ITALY SN 1121-760X J9 EUR J HISTOCHEM JI Eur. J. Histochem. PY 1994 VL 38 SU 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA RC605 UT WOS:A1994RC60500002 PM 8547714 ER PT J AU WALDVOGEL, K REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE CADUFF, R CADUFF, J NADAL, D AF WALDVOGEL, K REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE CADUFF, R CADUFF, J NADAL, D TI DISSEMINATED CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE - DETECTION OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE IN AFFECTED TISSUE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ROCHALIMAEA HENSELAE; ROCHALIMAEA QUINTANA; SEROLOGY; DIAGNOSIS ID BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV AB An immunocompetent 9-year-old boy with disseminated catscratch disease involving spleen, cervical and abdominal lymph nodes, skull, and one clavicle is reported. Antibodies to Rochalimaea quintana and R. henselae were detected, at increasing, then decreasing concentration. DNA extracted from the biopsied skull lesion was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with species-specific oligonucleotides proving the presence of R. henselae in affected tissue. Our findings suggest that R. henselea plays a pathogenic role in cat-scratch disease. C1 UNIV CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV IMMUNOL HAEMATOL,CH-8032 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DIV PAEDIAT RADIOL,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 19 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-6199 J9 EUR J PEDIATR JI Eur. J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1007/BF02000782 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MP132 UT WOS:A1994MP13200005 PM 8313920 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JE FREESE, TE PENNBRIDGE, JN AF ANDERSON, JE FREESE, TE PENNBRIDGE, JN TI SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR AND CONDOM USE AMONG STREET YOUTH IN HOLLYWOOD SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; ADOLESCENTS; TEENAGERS; RUNAWAY; MALES; AIDS AB A study of 610 street youth aged 13-23 who attended drop-in centers in Hollywood, Calif., reveals that 96% are sexually experienced. One-half of the young men and one-third of the young women have engaged in sex for food money, shelter, drugs or other items needed. Twenty-five percent of the men and 15% of the women have injected drugs at some time in their life. Some 45% of the men and 30% of the women used condoms at last intercourse. A logistic regression analysis found that among men, those who have completed 1Oth grade or higher are nearly three times as likely to use condoms as are those who have less education. Young men who have been tested for the human immunodeficiency virus are nearly twice as likely to use condoms as are those who have not been tested. Among women, condom use declines with age, and young women who have engaged in sex for food, money or lodging are more likely to use condoms than those who have not. C1 CALIF WELLNESS FDN,WOODLAND HILLS,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,DIV ADOLESCENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP ANDERSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.2307/2136092 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA MW757 UT WOS:A1994MW75700005 PM 8174692 ER PT S AU GOLDSMITH, CS HUMPHREY, CD ELLIOTT, LH ZAKI, SR AF GOLDSMITH, CS HUMPHREY, CD ELLIOTT, LH ZAKI, SR BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI MORPHOLOGY OF MUERTO-CANYON VIRUS, CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 272 EP 273 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00136 ER PT S AU HUMPHREY, CD GOLDSMITH, CS ELLIOTT, L ZAKI, SR AF HUMPHREY, CD GOLDSMITH, CS ELLIOTT, L ZAKI, SR BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE PULMONARY SYNDROME HANTAVIRUS BY DIRECT AND COLLOIDAL GOLD IMMUNE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 CDC,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 274 EP 275 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00137 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT WEBER, R VISVESVARA, GS AF SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT WEBER, R VISVESVARA, GS TI MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS - CURRENT METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS USING BIOPSY, CYTOLOGIC, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL, AND TISSUE-CULTURE TECHNIQUES SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE MICROSPORIDIOSIS; AIDS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; PROTOZOA; DIAGNOSIS; PARASITIC DISEASE ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; AIDS PATIENTS; INFECTED PATIENTS; N-SP; DIARRHEA; CUNICULI; CORNEAL; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; DISSEMINATION AB Microsporidiosis is an increasingly important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. Five species of microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon hellem and E. cuniculi, Septata intestinalis. and Pleistophora sp.) have been reported to occur in AIDS, with each agent producing a different clinicopathologic spectrum of disease. This communication reviews routine and specialized methods for diagnosis of these important pathogenic protozoa, including biopsy, cytology. ultrastructural and immunologic examination, and tissue culture. and describes the current knowledge of organ distribution for microsporidia in persons with AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST PARASITOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PD833 UT WOS:A1994PD83300004 PM 7927059 ER PT J AU DANKOVIC, DA BAILER, AJ AF DANKOVIC, DA BAILER, AJ TI THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE AND INTERSUBJECT VARIABILITY ON DOSE ESTIMATES FOR DICHLOROMETHANE DERIVED FROM A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; RISK ASSESSMENT; METABOLISM C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056. RP DANKOVIC, DA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,MS C15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1003 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MT496 UT WOS:A1994MT49600003 PM 8125209 ER PT J AU YANG, P KHOURY, MJ STEWART, WF BEATY, TH CHEE, E BEATTY, JC DIAMOND, EL GORDIS, L AF YANG, P KHOURY, MJ STEWART, WF BEATY, TH CHEE, E BEATTY, JC DIAMOND, EL GORDIS, L TI COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SELECTED MIDLINE CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; MIDLINE ID HEART-DISEASE; DEVELOPMENTAL FIELD; MALFORMATIONS; BIRTHS; HETEROGENEITY; GASTROSCHISIS; ASSOCIATION; OMPHALOCELE; ANOMALIES AB We present comparative epidemiologic characteristics of five congenital abnormalities that have been suggested to result from midline abnormal developmental disturbances: esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), imperforate anus with or without fistula (IA/F), omphalocele (OM), bladder exstrophy (BE), and diaphragmatic hernia (DH). The purpose was to assess the extent of epidemiologic similarities among these five defects. Data were collected as part of a population-based case-control study of infants with these defects born to mothers residing in Maryland, Washington, D.C., or Northern Virginia from 1980 through 1987. The estimated annual birth prevalences (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of these five defects were 0.40 (0.26-0.61) for BE, 1.34 (1.08-1.67) for OM, 1.59 (1.29-1.95) for DH, 2.11 (1.76-2.53) for EA/TEF, and 2.97 (2.55-3.46) for IA/F. The birth prevalence of IA/F and DH increased between 1980 and 1987. In contrast to the other four defects, DH showed a significant male preponderance (rate ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.03-2.47), a significant white excess (rate ratio white:other, 1.56, 95% CI 1.00-2.48), and a lower proportion of multiple associated defects (30% vs. 46-61%). We concluded from this study that the descriptive epidemiology of diaphragmatic hernia is different from that of the other four defects. This finding may imply differences in etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying DH. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED GENET,BALTIMORE,MD. RP YANG, P (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED & CLIN EPIDEMIOL,M200 SCIAFE HALL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1002/gepi.1370110205 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA NG854 UT WOS:A1994NG85400004 PM 8013895 ER PT J AU ABRISHAMCHIAN, AR KHOURY, MJ CALLE, EE AF ABRISHAMCHIAN, AR KHOURY, MJ CALLE, EE TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF MATERNAL EPILEPSY AND ITS TREATMENT TO THE ETIOLOGY OF ORAL CLEFTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTICONVULSANTS; CLEFT LIP AND PALATE; EPILEPSY ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GROWTH FACTOR-ALPHA; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; FACIAL CLEFTS; PALATE; LIP; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; ACID AB The associations between maternal epilepsy and anticonvulsant drug therapy with the risk of oral clefts in the offspring were investigated using data from a population-based case-control study. Cases included 238 infants with cleft lip +/- cleft palate (CLP) and 107 infants with cleft palate (CP) ascertained through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) between 1968 and 1980. Controls included 3029 population-based normal infants. Histories of maternal epilepsy and drug therapy during pregnancy were compared between cases and controls using maternal interviews and reviews of hospital medical records. Maternal epilepsy was associated with increased risk of nonsyndromic CLP (OR = 3.78, 95% C.I. 1.65-7.88), and less with CP (OR = 1.75, 95% C.I. 0.20-6.99). Therapy during pregnancy was associated with the greatest excess risk (CLP OR = 7.77, C.I. 2.02-26.0; CP OR = 3.61, C.I. 0.08-26.5). The use of polytherapy was associated with the highest risk (CLP OR = 10.5, C.I. 1.52-59.9). Adjustment for potential confounding variables in the study did not change these findings. In this well-defined population, maternal epilepsy and its treatment account for a small proportion of nonsyndromic oral clefts (attributable fraction CLP = 3.3%, CP = 0.9%). (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1002/gepi.1370110404 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA PJ558 UT WOS:A1994PJ55800003 PM 7813896 ER PT B AU SCHULTE, PA KAWAMOTO, MM AF SCHULTE, PA KAWAMOTO, MM BE Andrews, JS Frumkin, H Johnson, BL Mehlman, MA Xintaras, C Bucsela, JA TI ETHICAL ISSUES IN BIOLOGIC MONITORING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE WORKERS SO HAZARDOUS WASTE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on the Health Effects of Hazardous Waste - Hazardous Waste and Public Health CY MAY 03-06, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, ASSOC OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM CLIN, ASSOC SCH PUBLIC HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH, CHEM MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, EMORY UNIV, CARTER CTR, EMORY UNIV, SCH PUBLIC HLTH, INT LABOUR ORG, UN, ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, WHO, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, INT LIFE SCI INST, INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL, INT SOC EXPOSURE ANAL, NIH, NIEHS, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, SIERRA CLUB, US EPA RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 BN 0-911131-52-3 PY 1994 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC34E UT WOS:A1994BC34E00011 ER PT B AU KAWAMOTO, MM ALBERS, JW DONOFRIO, PD BOXER, PA FIDLER, AT KINNES, GM AF KAWAMOTO, MM ALBERS, JW DONOFRIO, PD BOXER, PA FIDLER, AT KINNES, GM BE Andrews, JS Frumkin, H Johnson, BL Mehlman, MA Xintaras, C Bucsela, JA TI INVESTIGATION OF A REPORT OF NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS IN FORMER HAZARDOUS WASTE WORKERS SO HAZARDOUS WASTE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on the Health Effects of Hazardous Waste - Hazardous Waste and Public Health CY MAY 03-06, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, ASSOC OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM CLIN, ASSOC SCH PUBLIC HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH, CHEM MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, EMORY UNIV, CARTER CTR, EMORY UNIV, SCH PUBLIC HLTH, INT LABOUR ORG, UN, ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, WHO, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, INT LIFE SCI INST, INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL, INT SOC EXPOSURE ANAL, NIH, NIEHS, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, SIERRA CLUB, US EPA RP KAWAMOTO, MM (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 BN 0-911131-52-3 PY 1994 BP 738 EP 741 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC34E UT WOS:A1994BC34E00092 ER PT B AU KUCHINSKI, B TALTY, J ZEY, JN AF KUCHINSKI, B TALTY, J ZEY, JN BE Andrews, JS Frumkin, H Johnson, BL Mehlman, MA Xintaras, C Bucsela, JA TI NIOSH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM - A STATUS REPORT SO HAZARDOUS WASTE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on the Health Effects of Hazardous Waste - Hazardous Waste and Public Health CY MAY 03-06, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, ASSOC OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM CLIN, ASSOC SCH PUBLIC HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH, CHEM MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, EMORY UNIV, CARTER CTR, EMORY UNIV, SCH PUBLIC HLTH, INT LABOUR ORG, UN, ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, WHO, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, INT LIFE SCI INST, INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL, INT SOC EXPOSURE ANAL, NIH, NIEHS, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, SIERRA CLUB, US EPA RP KUCHINSKI, B (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 BN 0-911131-52-3 PY 1994 BP 929 EP 938 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BC34E UT WOS:A1994BC34E00119 ER PT S AU STUPP, PW WARREN, CW AF STUPP, PW WARREN, CW BE Campbell, KL Wood, JW TI SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN PREGNANCY OUTCOMES - UNITED-STATES, 1971-1989 SO HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY: INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT, FERTILITY, AND BEHAVIOR SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Reproductive Ecology: Interactions of Environment, Fertility, and Behavior CY MAY 21-24, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID ABORTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP STUPP, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-841-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 709 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30387.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Reproductive Biology GA BA04D UT WOS:A1994BA04D00004 PM 8154734 ER PT S AU CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN MARCHBANKS, PA AF CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN MARCHBANKS, PA BE Campbell, KL Wood, JW TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND TUBAL INFERTILITY - THE PREVENTABLE CONDITIONS SO HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY: INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT, FERTILITY, AND BEHAVIOR SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Reproductive Ecology: Interactions of Environment, Fertility, and Behavior CY MAY 21-24, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; FEMALE GUINEA-PIGS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE; GENITAL-INFECTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 113 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-841-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 709 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30397.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Reproductive Biology GA BA04D UT WOS:A1994BA04D00014 PM 8154701 ER PT J AU BUTTKE, TM SANDSTROM, PA AF BUTTKE, TM SANDSTROM, PA TI OXIDATIVE STRESS AS A MEDIATOR OF APOPTOSIS SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MANGANOUS SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FACTOR-ALPHA; T-CELL; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; KAPPA-B; GENERATION; CYTOTOXICITY AB Many agents which induce apoptosis are either oxidants or stimulators of cellular oxidative metabolism. Conversely, many inhibitors of apoptosis have antioxidant activities or enhance cellular antioxidant defenses. Mammalian cells exist in a state of oxidative siege in which survival requires an appropriate balance of oxidants and antioxidants. Thomas Buttke and Paul Sandstrom suggest that eukaryotic cells may benefit from this perilous existence by invoking oxidative stress as a common mediator of apoptosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUTTKE, TM (reprint author), E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858, USA. NR 59 TC 1780 Z9 1832 U1 7 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD JAN PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90018-3 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA MT967 UT WOS:A1994MT96700004 PM 8136014 ER PT J AU LAL, AA SCHRIEFER, ME SACCI, JB GOLDMAN, IF LOUISWILEMAN, V COLLINS, WE AZAD, AF AF LAL, AA SCHRIEFER, ME SACCI, JB GOLDMAN, IF LOUISWILEMAN, V COLLINS, WE AZAD, AF TI INHIBITION OF MALARIA PARASITE DEVELOPMENT IN MOSQUITOS BY ANTI-MOSQUITO-MIDGUT ANTIBODIES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; CULICIDAE; HEMOLYMPH; DIPTERA AB The mosquito midgut plays a central role in the development and subsequent transmission of malaria parasites. Using a rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, and the mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi, we investigated the effect of anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies on the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito. In agreement with previous studies, we found that mosquitoes that ingested antimidgut antibodies along with infectious parasites had significantly fewer oocysts than mosquitoes in the control group. We also found that the antimidgut antibodies inhibit the development and/or translocation of the sporozoites. Together, these observations open an avenue for research toward the development of a vector-based malaria parasite transmission-blocking vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 14 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 62 IS 1 BP 316 EP 318 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MN488 UT WOS:A1994MN48800046 PM 8262645 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, JS OCONNOR, SP STINSON, AR THARPE, JA RUSSELL, H AF SAMPSON, JS OCONNOR, SP STINSON, AR THARPE, JA RUSSELL, H TI CLONING AND NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF PSAA, THE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE GENE ENCODING A 37-KILODALTON PROTEIN HOMOLOGOUS TO PREVIOUSLY REPORTED STREPTOCOCCUS SP ADHESINS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID SALIVA-COATED HYDROXYAPATITE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SANGUIS FW213; ADHERENCE; COAGGREGATION; ACTINOMYCES; LEGIONELLA; ANTIGEN; BINDING; HYDROPHOBICITY AB Gene psaA, which encodes the Streptococcus pneumoniae 37-kDa protein, was cloned in Escherichia coli, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Analysis of the sequence of the 2.4-kb cloned fragment revealed three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF2, which is 933 bp long, was identified as psaA. The two other ORFs identified flank psaA. ORF1, located upstream of psaA, is 836 nucleotides long and encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 29,843 Da. The sequence for ORF3, located downstream of psaA, was only partially determined. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of pneumococcal RNA. suggests that psaA is transcribed as part of a polycistronic message. Analysis of the primary structure of the protein encoded by this gene indicated significant similarity to two previously reported streptococcal proteins, SsaB (80% similarity) and FimA (92.3% similarity), from S. sanguis and S. parasanguis, respectively. These two homologous proteins have been shown to be associated with bacterial adhesion, and the possibility of a similar role for PsaA is hypothesized. RP SAMPSON, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 132 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 62 IS 1 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MN488 UT WOS:A1994MN48800047 PM 7505262 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL AF ATKINSON, WL TI MEASLES AND HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MQ231 UT WOS:A1994MQ23100002 PM 8133010 ER PT J AU WILLY, ME KOZIOL, DE FLEISHER, T KOO, S MCFARLAND, H SCHMITT, J WESLEY, R HURWITZ, ES HENDERSON, DK AF WILLY, ME KOZIOL, DE FLEISHER, T KOO, S MCFARLAND, H SCHMITT, J WESLEY, R HURWITZ, ES HENDERSON, DK TI MEASLES IMMUNITY IN A POPULATION OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SCHOOL POPULATION; VACCINE FAILURES; EPIDEMIC MEASLES; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; RUBELLA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNIZATION AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate measles seroprevalence among cohorts of new employees and to evaluate vaccine responses of susceptible adult healthcare workers. DESIGN: New employees were screened for measles susceptibility as part of employee evaluations. Anti-IgG measles antibody tests were completed on 2,473 workers. Demographic, measles history, and measles vaccination information was collected using a short questionnaire. Susceptible workers were vaccinated and screened for vaccine responses following vaccination. RESULTS: Ninety-three workers (4(%) were seronegative, and 56 (2%) were equivocal. Individuals in the youngest cohort (born after 1956) were significantly more likely to be susceptible than those in the middle cohort (born 1951 to 1956) and those in the oldest cohort (born before 1951) (P<0.01). The middle cohort included eight (5%) of the 149 seronegative or equivocal workers. Among the members of the youngest cohort, those from the United States were more likely to be susceptible (P<0.01) than those from outside the United States. Of the 106 vaccinated susceptible workers whose follow-up serologies were determined, 90 (85%) developed positive IgG serologies, six had equivocal results, and 10 were seronegative. Eleven of the 16 non- or hyporesponders were revaccinated and re-evaluated; nine developed low positive IgG antimeasles levels, one exhibited an equivocal response, and one failed to respond. CONCLUSIONS: A small but important proportion of healthcare workers are susceptible to measles. Whenever feasible, measles immunity programs for healthcare workers should include workers born before 1957. Of workers born after 1956, those from outside the United States are more likely to be immune than workers from inside the United States. Using the currently available vaccine, revaccination of initial non- or hyporesponders appears to be effective. C1 NIH,WARREN G MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,BLDG 10,ROOM 2C146,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,HOSP EPIDEMIOL SERV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,IMMUNOL SERV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,NEUROIMMUNOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,OCCUPAT MED SERV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,DEPT IONOSPHERE RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MQ231 UT WOS:A1994MQ23100004 PM 8133003 ER PT J AU STANDAERT, SM HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF STANDAERT, SM HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF SALMONELLA GASTROENTERITIS TO LAUNDRY WORKERS IN A NURSING-HOME SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGIC CONTROL; TYPHOID FEVER; PATHOGENESIS; OUTBREAKS AB BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of salmonella gastroenteritis in nursing homes are common. Person-to-person transmission to nursing home personnel occurs occasionally, but infection of laundry staff as a result of handling soiled linen rarely has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To examine the nosocomial transmission of infection to laundry staff during an outbreak of salmonellosis in a nursing home. SETTING: A 250-bed nursing home in a rural Tennessee county. METHODS: Residents and staff of the nursing home were interviewed and cultures of stool samples examined for enteric pathogens. RESULTS: Stool cultures from 32 residents and 8 employees were positive for Salmonella hadar. Infection among die residents was foodborne, but infection among employees likely represented secondary transmission, as none of the employees ate food prepared in the kitchen and their onset of symptoms occurred seven to 10 days after that of ill residents. Three laundry personnel who had no contact with residents were infected. Most of the ill residents (81%) were incontinent, which led to an increase in both the degree of fecal soiling and the amount of soiled linen received by the laundry during the outbreak. Laundry personnel regularly ate in the laundry room, did not wear protective clothing, and did not wear gloves consistently while handling soiled laundry. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation implicates linen soiled with feces as die source of nosocomial S hadar infection in laundry workers and underscores die importance of using appropriate precautions when handling linen. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,A-1124 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MQ231 UT WOS:A1994MQ23100006 PM 8133005 ER PT J AU NIEMEIER, RW AF NIEMEIER, RW TI MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LEVELS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nasal Toxicity and Dosimetry of Inhaled Xenobiotics - Implications for Human Health CY SEP 20-22, 1993 CL DURHAM, NC AB The responsibilities of developing occupational exposure limits in the United States is described in terms of the related processes used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Department of Labor (DOL). In the United States the processes are characteristically lengthy and litigious. Attempts are being made to expedite the promulgation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) by developing and applying more generic forms of decision logic and risk management policies to the process. Dialogue needs to begin on integrating these policies with the concepts of degree of adversity of occupational disease and injury and the acceptability of risk. RP NIEMEIER, RW (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 1994 VL 6 SU S BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QD179 UT WOS:A1994QD17900021 ER PT J AU BARRETT, BM SOWELL, A GUNTER, E WANG, M AF BARRETT, BM SOWELL, A GUNTER, E WANG, M TI POTENTIAL ROLE OF ASCORBIC-ACID AND BETA-CAROTENE IN THE PREVENTION OF PRETERM RUPTURE OF PETAL MEMBRANES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; PRETERM RUPTURE OF FETAL MEMBRANE; AMNIOTIC FLUID; SERUM; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SMOKING ID PREMATURE RUPTURE; VITAMIN-C AB The association of antioxidant vitamins in serum and amniotic fluid with preterm rupture of fetal membrane (FROM) was examined. Amniotic fluid and venous blood specimens from 80 pregnant women with or without FROM were analyzed for ascorbic acid (ASA), alpha-tocopherol, retinol and beta-carotene concentrations. No differences in retinol and alpha-tocopherol in amniotic fluid or serum concentrations were found between the FROM and control groups. FROM and control subjects had similar serum ASA concentrations. However; FROM subjects had lower amniotic fluid ASA concentrations (p < 0.0001) and lower ratios of amniotic fluid ASA to serum ASA concentration than those of controls. Serum beta-carotene levels were lower in FROM group than control group (p = 0.025). The findings suggest that a low level of ASA in amniotic fluid but not serum appears to be an important determinant of FROM. beta-carotene and ASA may act synergistically to prevent FROM in smokers. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30335. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1994 VL 64 IS 3 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK800 UT WOS:A1994PK80000006 PM 7814234 ER PT J AU STLOUIS, ME PAU, CP NSUAMI, M OU, CY MATELA, B KASHAMUKA, M BROWN, C GEORGE, JR HEYWARD, WL AF STLOUIS, ME PAU, CP NSUAMI, M OU, CY MATELA, B KASHAMUKA, M BROWN, C GEORGE, JR HEYWARD, WL TI LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTI-V3 LOOP ANTIBODY AND PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE, DESPITE USE OF ASSAYS BASED ON LOCAL HIV-1 STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; V3 LOOP; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DOMAIN; PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISSION; AFRICA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DOMAIN; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; TYPE-1; INFECTION; AFRICA; SERA; CHIMPANZEES AB Maternal antibodies against the V3 loop principal neutralizing domain (PND) have been reported to protect against perinatal HIV-1 transmission. To study this association in an African city with a long-standing HIV epidemic and no established ''consensus sequence'' for the V3 loop region of gp120, we determined the DNA sequence for the V3 region of HIV-1 from 13 HIV-1-infected residents of Kinshasa, Zaire, and developed peptide enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) reflecting the V3 loop PND for those HIV-1 strains. Using the most broadly reactive locally derived V3 loop peptide in a limited-antigen EIA, there was no significant difference in the perinatal HIV-1 transmission risk between 64 women with anti-V3 loop antibody (transmission risk, 30%) and 104 women without anti-V3 loop antibody (transmission risk, 25%; p = 0.5); this finding was unchanged after we controlled for maternal AIDS and low birth weight. Although we used assays for V3 loop antibody based on local HIV-1 strains and evaluated a large number of mother-child pairs, we found no evidence that maternal anti-V3 loop PND antibody protects against perinatal HIV-1 transmission. C1 NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP STLOUIS, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,E-50,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [N01-A1-8003] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MN428 UT WOS:A1994MN42800010 PM 8263755 ER PT J AU ADES, EW BOSSE, DC VOGLER, WR CANDAL, FJ AF ADES, EW BOSSE, DC VOGLER, WR CANDAL, FJ TI INHIBITION BY ALKYL-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID OF TUMOR-INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS, SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AND ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION USING A HUMAN IMMORTALIZED MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT HEMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 1994 SU 18D BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NE254 UT WOS:A1994NE25400312 ER PT J AU ANLAR, B OKTEM, F TOROK, T AF ANLAR, B OKTEM, F TOROK, T TI HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 ANTIBODIES IN INFANTILE-AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note C1 HACETTEPE UNIV,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,ANKARA,TURKEY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ANLAR, B (reprint author), HACETTEPE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT NEUROL,ANKARA,TURKEY. RI Anlar, Banu/I-9090-2013 OI Anlar, Banu/0000-0001-6727-6229 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA MP947 UT WOS:A1994MP94700026 PM 8151074 ER PT J AU CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA AF CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA TI PRODUCTION OF BLANK WATER FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN BLOOD AT THE LOW PARTS-PER-TRILLION LEVEL SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PURGE RP CARDINALI, FL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MQ711 UT WOS:A1994MQ71100008 PM 8126117 ER PT J AU JORGENSEN, JH FERRARO, MJ MCELMEEL, ML SPARGO, J SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC AF JORGENSEN, JH FERRARO, MJ MCELMEEL, ML SPARGO, J SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC TI DETECTION OF PENICILLIN AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE AMONG STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE CLINICAL ISOLATES BY USE OF THE E-TEST SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; BROTH MICRODILUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MENINGITIS; PNEUMOCOCCI; ANTIBIOTICS; BACTERIA; FAILURE AB Increasing penicillin resistance and the initial recognition of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates have placed greater emphasis on accurate methods for susceptibility testing of clinical isolates. This study has evaluated the use of the E test (AB Biodisk NA, Piscataway, N.J.) for the detection of penicillin and cefotaxime resistance among 147 pneumococcal clinical isolates in three geographically separate laboratories. These included 42 penicillin-resistant (MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 2 mug/ml) and 14 cefotaxime-resistant (defined here as an MIC of greater-than-or-equal-to 2 mug/ml) isolates. E test strips were applied to the surface of Mueller-Hinton sheep blood agar plates and incubated at 35-degrees-C in 5% CO2 for 20 to 24 h. E test MICs were compared with MICs determined with lysed horse blood-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth in a microdilution format as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Penicillin MICs agreed within one log2 dilution for 136 of 147 (92.5%) isolates, and cefotaxime MICs agreed within one log2 dilution for 142 of 147 (%.6%) isolates. No very major or major interpretive errors occurred with either penicillin or cefotaxime E test MIC results. There were 9.5 and 5.4% minor interpretive category errors with penicillin and cefotaxime E test MICs, respectively. These data indicate that the E test represents a convenient and reliable method for the detection of penicillin or cephalosporin resistance in pneumococci. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02114. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JORGENSEN, JH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 26 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600030 PM 8126173 ER PT J AU KAKOMA, I HANSEN, RD ANDERSON, BE HANLEY, TA SIMS, KG LIU, L BELLAMY, C LONG, MT BAEK, BK AF KAKOMA, I HANSEN, RD ANDERSON, BE HANLEY, TA SIMS, KG LIU, L BELLAMY, C LONG, MT BAEK, BK TI CULTURAL, MOLECULAR, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT FOR ATYPICAL CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTOMAC HORSE FEVER; EQUINE MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SP-NOV; RISTICII; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SENNETSU; DOGS AB More than 100 cases of canine ehrlichiosis, with three fatalities, were serologically negative by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test with Ehrlichia canis or E. sennetsu antigen but were reactive at titers of 10 to 640 with E. risticii. Ehrlichia-like agents were isolated from three such cases. The agents isolated from those cases were morphologically indistinguishable from each other and from a prototype, E. risticii, the etiologic agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in terms of growth characteristics and by light or electron microscopy. The patterns of and products from PCR were identical to those of E. risticii. The 16S rRNA sequences were distinct from those of E. canis and E. ewingii but were identical to those of E. risticii. A PCR product corresponding to the 5' half of the 16S rRNA gene was obtained from amplification of DNA from E. risticii and both sources of the atypical canine ehrlichiosis agent but was not obtained from uninfected host cells. The entire sequence of 719 nucleotides was identical for all three sources. The percentages of relatedness of the partial 16S rRNA gene of the atypical canine ehrlichiosis agent to E. risticii, E. sennetsu, E. platys, E. equi, E. phagocytophila, E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii were 100.0, 98.9, 83.7, 83.0, 83.0, 82.2, 81.8, and 81.5, respectively. These data are consistent with the identity of these isolates as E. risticii. The caninotropic characteristics of naturally acquired infections due to E. risticii are herein described for the first time, and the epizootiological implications are discussed in relation to the host range of E. risticii, which may include dogs as reservoirs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BRAMER ANIM HOSP,EVANSTON,IL 60201. CHONBUK NATL UNIV,CHONJU,SOUTH KOREA. RP KAKOMA, I (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL & VET CLIN MED,2001 S LINCOLN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600032 PM 8126175 ER PT J AU USERA, MA POPOVIC, T BOPP, CA STROCKBINE, NA AF USERA, MA POPOVIC, T BOPP, CA STROCKBINE, NA TI MOLECULAR SUBTYPING OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-8 STRAINS FROM THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS; DNA AB Salmonella enteritidis is now the most common serotype of the genus Salmonella reported in the United States. Bacteriophage typing has been helpful for subdividing S. enteritidis strains from different sources in the United States. Most S. enteritidis outbreaks reported were egg related, and the majority of them were caused by strains of phage type 8. To determine whether restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rRNA genes (ribotyping) and of the genomic DNAs from two lysogenic phages from S. enteritidis could be used to discriminate between S. enteritidis phage type 8 strains, we conducted Southern hybridization studies on 24 isolates from different outbreaks and six non-outbreak-associated strains using DNA probes for 16S and 23S rRNA genes and S. enteritidis typing phages 1 and 2 from the Ward typing system (L. R. Ward, J. D. H. de Sa, and B. Rowe, Epidemiol. Infect. 99:291-294, 1987). Of seven restriction endonucleases screened with the probe for rRNA genes, AccI provided the best discrimination between strains; six distinct patterns were observed. AccI ribosomal DNA patterns 1 to 6 were detected among 76.7, 3.3, 6.7, 3.3, 3.3, and 6.7% of isolates tested, respectively. Strains of AccI ribosomal DNA pattern 3 could be further subdivided into two additional patterns by using SmaI. Epidemiologically related strains had identical patterns. No discrimination between strains was achieved by probes for phages 1 and 2. No sequences homologous to the phage I probe were detected among phage type 8 strains, and all strains tested with six restriction enzymes had the same hybridization pattern with the phage 2 probe. These findings demonstrate that ribotyping with AccI and SmaI provides an additional means of discriminating between some phage type 8 strains; however, ribotyping and the phage 2 hybridization results from egg-related outbreak strains support previous findings that these strains are closely related. C1 INST SALVO CARLOS III,CTR NACL MICROBIOL VIROL & IMMUNOL SANITARIAS,MADRID,SPAIN. RP USERA, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600036 PM 7907343 ER PT J AU STUBBS, AD HICKMANBRENNER, FW CAMERON, DN FARMER, JJ AF STUBBS, AD HICKMANBRENNER, FW CAMERON, DN FARMER, JJ TI DIFFERENTIATION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-8 STRAINS - EVALUATION OF 3 ADDITIONAL PHAGE TYPING SYSTEMS, PLASMID PROFILES, ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS, AND BIOTYPING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES AB Three additional phage typing systems for Salmonella enteritidis, plasmid analysis, biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, were used in an attempt to subdivide 30 phage type 8 (phage typing system used by the WHO International Center for Enteric Phage Typing, London, England) isolates. These isolates represented 18 different egg-related outbreaks (21 strains) and 9 reference strains or strains that were not egg-associated. Only 7 of the 30 strains (28%) were subdivided by one or more of the methods used; this included 3 of the 21 strains from egg-related outbreaks. Twenty-seven strains contained a 55-kb plasmid that is associated with S. enteritidis. Of 65 additional phages tested, 2 from the phage typing system obtained from the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France, were useful in differentiating the three strains that lacked the 55-kb plasmid. Although the results obtained for the 21 strains from egg-related outbreaks showed that the strains had minor phenotypic differences, the overall results suggested that the strains may represent a single clone. Studies are planned to test additional phages and other typing methods to see whether strains of phage type 8 can be further differentiated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600037 PM 8126179 ER PT J AU DAUM, RS NACHMAN, JP LEITCH, CD TENOVER, FC AF DAUM, RS NACHMAN, JP LEITCH, CD TENOVER, FC TI NOSOCOMIAL EPIGLOTTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH PENICILLIN-RESISTANT AND CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE BACTEREMIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER-PATIENTS; MICRODILUTION SYSTEM; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; MENINGITIS; CEFTAZIDIME; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PNEUMOCOCCI; REGIMENS; FAILURE; ADULTS AB We cared for a 4-year-old male with nosocomially acquired epiglottitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. He had been receiving ceftazidime therapy when this infection was recognized. The S. pneumoniae isolate was of serotype 15B and was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins (including those with extended spectra), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clinicians and clinical microbiologists must be aware that cephalosporin susceptibility may no longer be assumed for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates and that susceptibility testing for the extended-spectrum cephalosporins should be performed whenever this species is isolated from a normally sterile body fluid. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,INFECT DIS SECT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,HEMATOL ONCOL SECT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,CLIN MICROBIOL LABS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 246 EP 248 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600051 PM 8126192 ER PT J AU CAVE, MD EISENACH, KD TEMPLETON, G SALFINGER, M MAZUREK, G BATES, JH CRAWFORD, JT AF CAVE, MD EISENACH, KD TEMPLETON, G SALFINGER, M MAZUREK, G BATES, JH CRAWFORD, JT TI STABILITY OF DNA FINGERPRINT PATTERN PRODUCED WITH IS6110 IN STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; POLYMORPHISM; OUTBREAK AB To assess the stability of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, DNA fingerprints of 6 Mycobacterium bovis isolates from 1 patient and of 41 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 18 patients were compared. The fingerprint pattern for a given patient remained identical or nearly identical despite recovery of the isolates during intervals which ranged from 8 months to 4.5 years. Changes in drug resistance profile did not alter a strain's fingerprint pattern. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MED,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. JAL MCCLELLAN MEM VET HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR. UNIV ZURICH,SWISS NATL CTR MYCOBACTERIA,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV ZURICH,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,TYLER,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP CAVE, MD (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT ANAT,SLOT 510,4301 W MARKHAM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27284] NR 17 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600056 PM 7907344 ER PT J AU LOCKWOOD, S SIEW, C MALVITZ, D GRUNINGER, S AF LOCKWOOD, S SIEW, C MALVITZ, D GRUNINGER, S TI FREQUENCY AND RATIONALE FOR HIV ANTIBODY TESTING AMONG DENTISTS AND ORAL SURGEONS SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER DENT ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1994 VL 73 SI SI BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MT325 UT WOS:A1994MT32500596 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, J LOCKWOOD, S GOOCH, B CHAMBERLAND, M AF CLEVELAND, J LOCKWOOD, S GOOCH, B CHAMBERLAND, M TI PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES (PIS) DURING DENTAL PROCEDURES - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1994 VL 73 SI SI BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MT325 UT WOS:A1994MT32501430 ER PT J AU GOOCH, B CARDO, D MARCUS, R MCKIBBEN, P CLEVELAND, J CULVER, D BELL, D AF GOOCH, B CARDO, D MARCUS, R MCKIBBEN, P CLEVELAND, J CULVER, D BELL, D TI PERCUTANEOUS EXPOSURES TO HIV-INFECTED BLOOD AMONG DENTAL WORKERS (DWS) SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1994 VL 73 SI SI BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MT325 UT WOS:A1994MT32501433 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC AF OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC TI DETECTION OF TET(M) IN BACTERIA FROM PERIODONTAL POCKETS USING PCR SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OSLO,OSLO 3,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1994 VL 73 SI SI BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MT325 UT WOS:A1994MT32502181 ER PT J AU GIST, GL BURG, J RADTKE, TM AF GIST, GL BURG, J RADTKE, TM TI THE SITE SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP GIST, GL (reprint author), ATSDR,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 56 IS 6 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MP909 UT WOS:A1994MP90900002 ER PT J AU LANCIOTTI, RS LEWIS, JG GUBLER, DJ TRENT, DW AF LANCIOTTI, RS LEWIS, JG GUBLER, DJ TRENT, DW TI MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE-3 VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SEQUENCES; GENOME; NUCLEOTIDE; GENE; RNA AB The nucleic acid sequences of the pre-membrane/ membrane and envelope protein genes of 23 geographically and temporally distinct dengue (DEN)-3 viruses were determined. This was accomplished by reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification of the structural genes followed by automated DNA sequence analysis. Comparison of nucleic acid sequences revealed that similarity among the viruses was greater than 90 %. The similarity among deduced amino acids was between 95 % and 100 %, and in many cases identical amino acid substitutions occurred among viruses from similar geographical regions. Alignment of nucleic acid sequences followed by parsimony analysis allowed the generation of phylogenetic trees, demonstrating that geographically independent evolution of DEN-3 viruses had occurred. The DEN-3 viruses were separated into four genetically distinct subtypes. Subtype I consists of viruses from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and the South Pacific islands; subtype II consists of viruses from Thailand; subtype III consists of viruses from Sri Lanka, India, Africa and Samoa; subtype IV consists of viruses from Puerto Rico and the 1965 Tahiti virus. Phylogenetic analysis has also contributed to our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and worldwide distribution of DEN-3 viruses. RP LANCIOTTI, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 32 TC 195 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 75 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-1-65 PN 1 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MR202 UT WOS:A1994MR20200008 PM 8113741 ER PT J AU PUJOL, FH BERTOLOTTI, A FIELDS, HA KHUDYAKOV, YE KALININA, TI LIPRANDI, F AF PUJOL, FH BERTOLOTTI, A FIELDS, HA KHUDYAKOV, YE KALININA, TI LIPRANDI, F TI A MONOCLONAL INHIBITION ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST HEPATITIS-B CORE ANTIGEN - CONFIRMATION OF AN IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL INHIBITION EIA ID VIRUS-DNA; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; IDENTIFICATION AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against hepatitis B virus core produced by a recombinant clone of Escherichia coli (rHBc). The three mAbs recognized rHBc by Western blot, suggesting that they reacted with non-conformational epitopes. Competition experiments between mAbs and human anti-HBc sera confirmed the existence of an immunodominant HBc epitope within the viral antigen. A monoclonal competition enzyme immunoassay using an IgM mAb conjugated to biotin and streptavidin-peroxidase as the detection system yielded 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity, when compared to other commercial assays. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. RP PUJOL, FH (reprint author), IVIC,CMBC,BIOL VIRUS LAB,APDO 21827,CARACAS 1020A,VENEZUELA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1080/15321819408009575 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA NW920 UT WOS:A1994NW92000002 PM 7929851 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL HOOPER, WC AF PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL HOOPER, WC TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELISA FOR QUANTIFICATION OF HUMAN PROTEIN-S IN CELL-CULTURE FLUIDS USING COMMERCIAL POLYCLONAL ANTISERA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN S; ELISA; CYTOKINE; ENDOTHELIAL CELL ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; C4B-BINDING PROTEIN; DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; INHIBITION; INTERLEUKIN-1; INACTIVATION; PROCOAGULANT; COAGULATION; INFECTION AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure protein S antigen released into cell culture fluids. We used readily available commercial polyclonal antisera to develop the assay. This assay was sensitive with a detection limit of about 0.086 ng/ml. Between-assay precision (coefficient of variation) at levels of 0.2, 1.1, and 13.9 ng/ml was 14%, 15%, and 11% respectively. Specificity and accuracy wars demonstrated from the use of: 1) culture fluids from 3-primary endothelial cell cultures and 7-cell lines known to constitutively produce protein S; 2) 2-cell lines not synthesizing protein S; and 3) from selected samples of normal and protein S deficient plasma. The ELISA described here was about 12-fold more sensitive and 40-fold more cost affective when compared to a commercial ELISA kit. Thus the assay provided a sensitive, specific, precise and economical method useful for the measurement of the nanogram amounts of protein S commonly encountered in cell culture fluids. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 4 BP 411 EP 428 DI 10.1080/15321819408009586 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA PN727 UT WOS:A1994PN72700006 PM 7836545 ER PT J AU BRISS, PA FEHRS, LJ PARKER, RA WRIGHT, PF SANNELLA, EC HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF BRISS, PA FEHRS, LJ PARKER, RA WRIGHT, PF SANNELLA, EC HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI SUSTAINED TRANSMISSION OF MUMPS IN A HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATION - ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY VACCINE FAILURE AND WANING VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 12, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA ID MEASLES; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; ERA AB From January to July 1991, an outbreak of mumps occurred in Maury County, Tennessee. At the primarily affected high school, where 98% of students and all but 1 student with mumps had been vaccinated before the outbreak, 68 mumps cases occurred among 1116 students (attack rate, 6.1%). Students vaccinated before 1988 (the first year mumps vaccination was required for school attendance in Tennessee) may have been at greater risk of mumps than those vaccinated later (65[6.1%] of 1001 vs. 2 [2.2%] of 89; risk ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-11.6). Of 13 persons with confirmed mumps who underwent serologic testing, 3 lacked IgM antibody in well-timed acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens. Vaccine failure accounted for a sustained mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. Most mumps cases were attributable to primary vaccine failure. It is possible that waning vaccine-induced immunity also played a role. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. NR 24 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 169 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MP527 UT WOS:A1994MP52700011 PM 8277201 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA PATHAK, AA KATKAR, VJ HAZARE, VK KAUFMAN, L AF PADHYE, AA PATHAK, AA KATKAR, VJ HAZARE, VK KAUFMAN, L TI ORAL HISTOPLASMOSIS IN INDIA - A CASE-REPORT AND AN OVERVIEW OF CASES REPORTED DURING 1968-92 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CAPSULATUM AB Oral histoplasmosis in a 30-year-old male with no history of travel outside India is described. An ulcerating lesion was located on the hard palate. A chest X-ray was normal. Based on physical examination, regional lymph nodes, liver and spleen were not involved. The diagnosis was established by demonstrating yeast-like budding cells in a biopsy of the lesion and by isolating Histoplasma capsulatum in pure culture. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by a chemiluminescent DNA-probe assay and the exoantigen test. A review of the Indian literature from 1968 to 1992 revealed the occurrence of 25 authentic cases of histoplasmosis in India. In 19 cases, lesions were confined to the oral cavity confirming prior observation that histoplasmosis in Indian patients tends to occur primarily in extrapulmonary sites, particularly the oral cavity. C1 GOVT MED COLL & HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,NAGPUR 440003,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. GOVT DENT COLL,DEPT DENT PATHOL,NAGPUR 440003,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NH896 UT WOS:A1994NH89600002 PM 8064548 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA AMSTER, RL BROWNING, M EWING, EP AF PADHYE, AA AMSTER, RL BROWNING, M EWING, EP TI FATAL ENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY OCHROCONIS-GALLOPAVUM IN A DOMESTIC CAT (FELIS-DOMESTICUS) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DACTYLARIA-GALLOPAVA; CELL TYPE; PATIENT AB Ochroconis gallopavum was identified as the causal agent of fatal encephalitis in a young, short-hair, domestic cat. The cat initially developed an ulcerated mass on the left side of the tongue and signs of pain in the abdomen. The tongue lesion was surgically removed and exploratory abdominal surgery revealed abnormalities suggestive of pancreatitis and peritonitis. During the month after surgery, the cat's health declined, manifested by sluggishness, loss of appetite and abnormal behaviour. Following a final rapid deterioration, the cat became non-responsive and was euthanized. Histologic examination of the brain, lung and mediastinal lymph node lesions revealed large numbers of pigmented, septate, branched, hyphal elements with swollen intercalary and terminal vesicles, and short chains of moniliform hyphal cells. Cultures of the mediastinal lymph nodes yielded a dematiaceous, thermotolerant fungus that was identified as O. gallopavum. This report describes the first well-documented infection in a cat caused by O. gallopavum. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,BUR DIAGNOST LABS,KISSIMMEE DIAGNOST LAB,KISSIMMEE,FL 34742. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NH896 UT WOS:A1994NH89600007 PM 8064545 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA WEITZMAN, I DOMENECH, E AF PADHYE, AA WEITZMAN, I DOMENECH, E TI AN UNUSUAL VARIANT OF TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS VAR SULFUREUM SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ARTHRODERMA; NANNIZZIA AB A fungus, recovered from a skin lesion of a patient, produced velvety to powdery, white to deep yellow colonies on Sabouraud glucose agar. Microscopically, it produced a large number of cylindric, smooth-walled, three- to eight-celled macroconidia but failed to produce microconidia on a variety of nutritional media such as rice grains, cornmeal dextrose, potato dextrose, Sabouraud glucose, oatmeal and lactrimel agars. It hydrolysed urea in 7 days, perforated hair in vitro and required thiamine for growth. This isolate represents an atypical variant of Trichophyton tonsurans var. sufureum subvar. perforans. C1 COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL SERV,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NEW YORK HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NH896 UT WOS:A1994NH89600008 PM 8064546 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC CHERMETTE, R PIER, AC HASEGAWA, A LUND, A BRATBERG, AM PADHYE, AA CONNOLE, MD AF RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC CHERMETTE, R PIER, AC HASEGAWA, A LUND, A BRATBERG, AM PADHYE, AA CONNOLE, MD TI ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MYCOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XII Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology (ISHAM) CY MAR 13-18, 1994 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; MICROSPORUM-CANIS; TURKEY POULTS; 2 CATS; DERMATOPHYTOSIS; GLIOTOXIN; CELLS; INFECTION; INVITRO C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. ECOLE NATL VET,F-94704 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT VET SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT VET INTERNAL MED,TOKYO,JAPAN. CENT VET LAB,OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ANIM RES INST,YEERONGPILLY,QLD,AUSTRALIA. RP RICHARD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 94 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 SU 1 BP 169 EP 187 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QB967 UT WOS:A1994QB96700015 PM 7536838 ER PT J AU DEREPENTIGNY, L KAUFMAN, L COLE, GT KRUSE, D LATGE, JP MATTHEWS, RC AF DEREPENTIGNY, L KAUFMAN, L COLE, GT KRUSE, D LATGE, JP MATTHEWS, RC TI IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF INVASIVE FUNGAL-INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XII Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology (ISHAM) CY MAR 13-18, 1994 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TUBE PRECIPITIN ANTIGEN; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SPOROTHRIX-SCHENCKII; MENINGITIS; DIAGNOSIS; GALACTOMANNAN; ANTIBODY C1 UNIV MONTREAL,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT BOT,AUSTIN,TX. INST PASTEUR,UNITE MYCOL,PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV MANCHESTER,SCH MED,MANCHESTER M13 9PT,LANCS,ENGLAND. RP DEREPENTIGNY, L (reprint author), HOP ST JUSTINE,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1C5,CANADA. RI latge, jean paul/F-3581-2011; Latge, Jean Paul/C-9846-2014 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 SU 1 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QB967 UT WOS:A1994QB96700021 PM 7722790 ER PT J AU KALA, SV WILLIAMSJOHNSON, M JADHAV, AL RICHARDSON, JS AF KALA, SV WILLIAMSJOHNSON, M JADHAV, AL RICHARDSON, JS TI NEUROCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO SUBCHRONIC PB EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS SO UNIV,COLL PHARM & HLTH SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77004. ATSDR,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PY 1994 VL 62 SU S BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA NQ959 UT WOS:A1994NQ95900381 ER PT J AU BYERS, RH SHENTON, LR AF BYERS, RH SHENTON, LR TI SURPRISING APPROXIMATIONS TO THE HALF-NORMAL SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Note DE DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERGENT INTEGRALS; QUADRATURE C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30306. RP BYERS, RH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1080/00949659408811573 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA PM040 UT WOS:A1994PM04000008 ER PT J AU PILTINGSRUD, HV AF PILTINGSRUD, HV TI MINIATURE CRYOSORPTION VACUUM PUMP FOR PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article AB This article describes the design, construction, and laboratory testing of a low power, low-weight, and compact cryosorption vacuum pump for backing, roughing, or other intermediate pressure applications, Novel features of this pump include a high-temperature, low-pressure desorption cycle allowing useful pumping capacities of many gases at 77 K, and the use of a miniature cryorefrigerator. The laboratory test pump used a cold finger cooled by a single stage helium Stirling cycle refrigerator having a 1 W capacity at 70 K, weighing between 1.6 and 2.0 kg, and consuming less than 45 W of electrical power. Calculations show that pumping rates for N-2 at 1x10(-4) Torr could be up to 10 Torr ls(-1) short-term, and approximately 0.5 Torr ls(-1) continuously. Our laboratory working model showed that it was possible to pump at pressures down to approximately 2x10(-5) Torr using a type 5A molecular sieve. Pumping rates for air of up to 5 Torr l min(-1) were achieved. Using desorption at 363 K and 2X10(-1) Torr, the capacity of type 5A molecular sieve was determined to be approximately 16 Torr lg(-1) at 1X1O(-4) Torr. It is anticipated that such a pump would be useful in certain portable instruments such as portable gas chromatograph-mass spectrometers used for occupational health applications, or other applications where weight, available power, and pumping requirements were compatible. RP PILTINGSRUD, HV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 12 IS 1 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1116/1.578889 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MT408 UT WOS:A1994MT40800039 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE ALVARADO, C ZAKI, SR GREER, PW RACINE, M ZHANG, W ZHAO, WG AUSTIN, ED AF AUSTIN, GE ALVARADO, C ZAKI, SR GREER, PW RACINE, M ZHANG, W ZHAO, WG AUSTIN, ED TI MYELOPEROXIDASE MESSENGER-RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN LYMPHOBLASTS OF INFANT ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VAMC,ATLANTA,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1 BP A102 EP A102 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MW426 UT WOS:A1994MW42600602 ER PT J AU FEDDERSEN, RM ZUMWALT, R NOLTE, KB FOUCAR, K MCFEELEY, PJ UMLAND, ET ZAKI, SR AF FEDDERSEN, RM ZUMWALT, R NOLTE, KB FOUCAR, K MCFEELEY, PJ UMLAND, ET ZAKI, SR TI AUTOPSY ANALYSIS OF HANTAVIRUS INFECTION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1 BP A126 EP A126 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MW426 UT WOS:A1994MW42600746 ER PT J AU UNGER, ER VERNON, SD THOMS, WW SPANN, C ICENOGLE, JP HOROWITZ, IR REEVES, WC AF UNGER, ER VERNON, SD THOMS, WW SPANN, C ICENOGLE, JP HOROWITZ, IR REEVES, WC TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) STATUS OF GENITAL-TRACT FOLLOWING THERAPY FOR CERVICAL-CANCER SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1 BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MW426 UT WOS:A1994MW42600573 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM NOLTE, KB ZUMWALT, RE UMLAND, ET FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K RUO, SL ROLLIN, P KSIAZEK, T NICHOL, S PETERS, CJ AF ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM NOLTE, KB ZUMWALT, RE UMLAND, ET FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K RUO, SL ROLLIN, P KSIAZEK, T NICHOL, S PETERS, CJ TI OUTBREAK OF HANTAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED ILLNESS IN THE UNITED-STATES - IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF VIRAL NUCLEOPROTEINS TO ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS IN HUMAN TISSUES SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1 BP A129 EP A129 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MW426 UT WOS:A1994MW42600764 ER PT J AU ZHAO, WG ZHANG, W RACINE, M FINDLEY, H AUSTIN, GE AF ZHAO, WG ZHANG, W RACINE, M FINDLEY, H AUSTIN, GE TI PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF A MINIMAL HUMAN MYELOPEROXIDASE PROMOTER SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 70 IS 1 BP A124 EP A124 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MW426 UT WOS:A1994MW42600737 ER PT J AU IONNEDELCU, N DOBRESCU, A STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW AF IONNEDELCU, N DOBRESCU, A STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW TI VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS AND HIV-INFECTION SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 INSPECTORATE SANIT POLICE & PREVENT MED,PLOIESTI,ROMANIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP IONNEDELCU, N (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,DEPT PREVENT MED & HLTH PROMOT,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8888 BP 51 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90903-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MN937 UT WOS:A1994MN93700036 PM 7905058 ER PT J AU VULULE, JM BEACH, RF ATIELI, FK ROBERTS, JM MOUNT, DL MWANGI, RW AF VULULE, JM BEACH, RF ATIELI, FK ROBERTS, JM MOUNT, DL MWANGI, RW TI REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE TO PERMETHRIN ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BEDNETS AND CURTAINS IN KENYA SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES GAMBIAE; INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERMETHRIN; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; MOSQUITO NETS; KENYA ID KISUMU AREA; WESTERN KENYA; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; RESISTANCE; MALARIA; MOSQUITOS; GILES AB Susceptibility of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to permethrin decreased following the installation of mosquito nets impregnated with 0.5 g permethrin per square metre in four villages near Kisumu, Kenya. During the first year that permethrin-impregnated bednets and curtains were in place, the exposure time to 50% mortality (LT(50)) increased 2.5-fold from 13 to 33 min, while the LT(50) for An. gambiae was unchanged in two other villages where no intervention measures were used. Two years after permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets were distributed the LT(50)s for An. gambiae were 28, 28 and 16 min, respectively, in the villages with bednets, curtains and with no such intervention. Using a colony of An. gambiae derived from females collected in the villages using permethrin-impregnated moquito nets, we lengthened the LT(50) from 28 to 41 min in two generations by exposing all females to permethrin-treated papers for 60 min and rearing offspring of the survivors. Permethrin-impregnated bednets and curtains are intended to reduce vectorial capacity. Reduced susceptibility to permethrin could counter this beneficial effect. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT ZOOL,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 24 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00389.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA MT584 UT WOS:A1994MT58400014 PM 8161849 ER PT S AU MUNDAYOOR, S SHINNICK, TM AF MUNDAYOOR, S SHINNICK, TM BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI IDENTIFICATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIA TO KILLING BY MACROPHAGES SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID PHAGOSOME-LYSOSOME FUSION; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT-C3; ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS; PHAGOCYTIC-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TUBERCULOSIS; LEPRAE; VIRULENCE; LEPROSY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GODREJ SOAPS INC,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BOMBAY,INDIA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44236.x PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00004 PM 8080180 ER PT S AU FOLKS, TM AF FOLKS, TM BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI MECHANISMS AND STRATEGIES OF VIRAL ANTIGENIC VARIATION SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; AIDS; RISK RP FOLKS, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44237.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00005 PM 8080212 ER PT S AU BIRKNESS, KA GEORGE, VG STEPHENS, DS RIBOT, E QUINN, FD AF BIRKNESS, KA GEORGE, VG STEPHENS, DS RIBOT, E QUINN, FD BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI USE OF TISSUE-CULTURE INVASION ASSAYS TO COMPARE STRAINS OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BIRKNESS, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44258.x PG 3 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00026 PM 8080179 ER PT S AU QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS WORLEY, MJ GEORGE, VG WHITE, EH ADES, EA LONG, EG UTT, EA AF QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS WORLEY, MJ GEORGE, VG WHITE, EH ADES, EA LONG, EG UTT, EA BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI A TISSUE-CULTURE MODEL FOR STUDYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI RP QUINN, FD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44259.x PG 3 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00027 PM 8080181 ER PT S AU KITKUTAOSHIMA, LC KING, CH SHINNICK, TM QUINN, FD AF KITKUTAOSHIMA, LC KING, CH SHINNICK, TM QUINN, FD BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENCE GENES EXPRESSED IN MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS STRAIN H37RV SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH RP KITKUTAOSHIMA, LC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00028 ER PT S AU PINE, L EWING, EP BIRKNESS, KA WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS QUINN, FD AF PINE, L EWING, EP BIRKNESS, KA WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS QUINN, FD BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI USE OF THE CHICK-EMBRYO FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIVE VIRULENCE OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS STRAINS SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP PINE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44261.x PG 3 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00029 PM 8080183 ER PT S AU UTT, EA QUINN, FD AF UTT, EA QUINN, FD BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI MESSENGER-RNA SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION FOR THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TISSUE CULTURE-INDUCED DETERMINANTS FROM HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI RP UTT, EA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44262.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00030 PM 7521602 ER PT S AU MURPHY, FA MORSE, SA AF MURPHY, FA MORSE, SA BE Ades, EW Rest, RF Morse, SA TI MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY - A PERSPECTIVE SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response CY SEP 08-11, 1993 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MURPHY, FA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-895-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 730 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44296.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pathology GA BB02T UT WOS:A1994BB02T00064 PM 8080213 ER PT J AU GUTH, BEC AGUIAR, EG GRIFFIN, PM RAMOS, SRTD GOMES, TAT AF GUTH, BEC AGUIAR, EG GRIFFIN, PM RAMOS, SRTD GOMES, TAT TI PREVALENCE OF COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS (CFAS) AND ADHERENCE TO HELA-CELLS IN ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI ISOLATED FROM FECES OF CHILDREN IN SAO-PAULO SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA COLI; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; ADHERENCE; DIARRHEA ID ENTERO-TOXIN; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; ADHESION; HUMANS; IV; HEMAGGLUTINATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPES AB Fifty-eight enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, isolated from children with and without diarrhea in Sao Paulo, were examined for the presence of colonization factor antigens (CFAs) and their ability to adhere to HeLa cells. Antisera to CFA/I, the coli surface (CS) antigens CS1CS3, CS2CS3, and CS2 of CFA/II, CFA/III, and CS5CS6 and CS6 of CFA/IV were used. CFAs were identified in 43% of the ETEC strains: 40% of the strains with CFAs harbored CFA/I, 24% carried CFA/II (CS1CS3), 24%; carried CFA/IV (CS6), and 12% carried CFA/IV (CS5CS6). CFAs occurred mainly among ETEC strains producing only heat-stable (ST-I) enterotoxin and in strains also producing heat-labile toxin (LT-I). No ETEC strains tested expressed CFA/III. A marked change in serotypes of ST-I-producing strains was found in Sao Paulo between 1979 and 1990. Adherence to HeLa cells was detected in 14% of the ETEC strains. All of them had a diffuse adherence pattern and produced only ST-I, and 88% carried CS6 antigen. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP INFANTIL MENINO JESUS,BR-01329 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CRIANCA,BR-05403000 SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. RP GUTH, BEC (reprint author), ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,RUA BOTUCATU 862,BR-04023062 SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 1994 VL 38 IS 9 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA PG176 UT WOS:A1994PG17600002 PM 7854210 ER PT S AU OAKLEY, GP ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM MULINARE, J CORDERO, JF AF OAKLEY, GP ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM MULINARE, J CORDERO, JF BE Bock, G Marsh, J TI PREVENTION OF FOLIC ACID PREVENTABLE SPINA-BIFIDA AND ANENCEPHALY SO NEURAL TUBE EFFECTS SE CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neural Tube Defects CY MAY 18-20, 1993 CL CIBA FOUNDATION, LONDON, ENGLAND SP CIBA SYMP HO CIBA FOUNDATION ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION AB The results of the British Medical Research Council's randomized controlled trial proved that folic acid can prevent spina bifida and anencephaly. The trial provided critical scientific data upon which to base public health policy for preventing folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly. Within weeks of publication of the results, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US developed and issued guidelines for women who had had a pregnancy affected by spina bifida or anencephaly. A year later, the US Public Health Service issued the recommendation that all women of child-bearing age who are capable of becoming pregnant should consume 0.4 mg of folic acid per day. The Public Health Service needed a year to make inferential judgements about dose, target groups, safety, timing of ingestion, and existing and proposed vitamin and drug policies and regulations. Current policy discussions concern whether to permit manufacturers of vitamins or food products to claim that folic acid will prevent folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly and whether to allow a food staple to be fortified with folic acid. RP OAKLEY, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,BLDG 101,F34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0300-5208 BN 0-471-94172-7 J9 CIBA F SYMP PY 1994 VL 181 BP 212 EP 223 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BZ87B UT WOS:A1994BZ87B00013 PM 8005026 ER PT S AU OAKLEY, GP NAU, H HALL, JG STANLEY, F OPITZ, JM HOLMES, LB SHURTLEFF, DB MILLS, JL LINDHOUT, D AF OAKLEY, GP NAU, H HALL, JG STANLEY, F OPITZ, JM HOLMES, LB SHURTLEFF, DB MILLS, JL LINDHOUT, D BE Bock, G Marsh, J TI ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AFFECTING NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS - GENERAL DISCUSSION SO NEURAL TUBE EFFECTS SE CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Discussion CT Symposium on Neural Tube Defects CY MAY 18-20, 1993 CL CIBA FOUNDATION, LONDON, ENGLAND SP CIBA SYMP HO CIBA FOUNDATION ID MOUSE; PREVENTION C1 FREE UNIV BERLIN,KLINIKUM RUDOLF VIRCHOW,INST TOXIKOL & EMBRYOPHARMAKOL,W-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,BRITISH COLUMBIA CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,VANCOUVER V6H 3V4,BC,CANADA. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT PAEDIAT,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. WESTERN AUSTRALIA RES INST CHILD HLTH,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. SHODAIR CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED GENET,HELENA,MT 59604. HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,EMBRYOL TERATOL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114. NICHHD,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,ACAD HOSP ROTTERDAM DIJKZIGT,MGC,INST CLIN GENET,3000 DR ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV CONGENITAL DEFECTS,BIRTH DEFECTS CLIN,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP OAKLEY, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,BLDG 101,F34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0300-5208 BN 0-471-94172-7 J9 CIBA F SYMP PY 1994 VL 181 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BZ87B UT WOS:A1994BZ87B00015 ER PT S AU HALL, JG MILLS, JL OAKLEY, GP STANLEY, F WALD, NJ CZEIZEL, AE SCOTT, JM COPP, AJ AF HALL, JG MILLS, JL OAKLEY, GP STANLEY, F WALD, NJ CZEIZEL, AE SCOTT, JM COPP, AJ BE Bock, G Marsh, J TI PREVENTION OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS BY FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION - FINAL DISCUSSION SO NEURAL TUBE EFFECTS SE CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Discussion CT Symposium on Neural Tube Defects CY MAY 18-20, 1993 CL CIBA FOUNDATION, LONDON, ENGLAND SP CIBA SYMP HO CIBA FOUNDATION ID VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION C1 INST CHILD HLTH,DIV CELL & MOLEC BIOL,DEV BIOL UNIT,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. NATL INST HYG,DEPT HUMAN GENET & TERATOL,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR COMMUNITY CONTROL HEREDITARY DI,H-1097 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NICHHD,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV DUBLIN TRINITY COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM,DUBLIN 2,IRELAND. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT PAEDIAT,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. WESTERN AUSTRALIAN RES INST CHILD HLTH,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. UNIV LONDON ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP & MED COLL,WOLFSON INST PREVENT MED,DEPT ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED,LONDON EC1M 6BQ,ENGLAND. RP HALL, JG (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,BRITISH COLUMBIA CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,4480 OAK ST,ROOM 2D15,VANCOUVER V6H 3V4,BC,CANADA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0300-5208 BN 0-471-94172-7 J9 CIBA F SYMP PY 1994 VL 181 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BZ87B UT WOS:A1994BZ87B00018 ER PT B AU AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA AF AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA BE Araki, S TI RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS AND OTHER ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES AT HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SITES IN THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational and Environmental Health CY 1991 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT LABOUR OFF, INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, WHO RP AMLER, RW (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBS & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 BN 0-12-059785-3 PY 1994 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BB93V UT WOS:A1994BB93V00067 ER PT S AU EHRENBERG, RL AF EHRENBERG, RL BE Rantanen, J Lehtinen, S Kalimo, R Nordman, H Vainio, H ViikariJuntura, E Vartio, A TI A NEW HANTAVIRUS IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS SO NEW EPIDEMICS IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SE PEOPLE AND WORK: RESEARCH REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Epidemics in Occupational Health CY MAY 16-19, 1994 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, WHO C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FINNISH INST OCCUPATIONAL HLTH PI HELSINKI PA INFORMATION OFFICE, TOPELIUKSENKATU 41 A A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 1237-6183 BN 951-802-050-7 J9 PEOPLE WORK RES REP PY 1994 VL 1 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BB93B UT WOS:A1994BB93B00028 ER PT S AU MORROW, JC HANNON, WH HENDERSON, LO PASCHAL, D AF MORROW, JC HANNON, WH HENDERSON, LO PASCHAL, D BE Farriaux, JP Dhondt, JL TI RELIABILITY OF LEAD MEASUREMENTS OF BLOOD COLLECTED ON FILTER-PAPER AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION TO EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEYS SO NEW HORIZONS IN NEONATAL SCREENING SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Neonatal Screening Symposium/2nd Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neonatal-Screening CY SEP 13-17, 1993 CL LILLE, FRANCE SP INT SOC NEONATAL SCREENING C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-81602-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1994 VL 1041 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BA04G UT WOS:A1994BA04G00053 ER PT J AU FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ ELEY, JW JONES, DP GUNTER, EW BYERS, TE BLOCK, GS GREENBERG, RS AF FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ ELEY, JW JONES, DP GUNTER, EW BYERS, TE BLOCK, GS GREENBERG, RS TI DIETARY GLUTATHIONE INTAKE IN HUMANS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTAKE AND PLASMA TOTAL GLUTATHIONE LEVEL SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NHANES-II SURVEY; ORAL GLUTATHIONE; QUANTITATIVE DATA; NUTRIENT SOURCES; OXYGEN RADICALS; SMALL-INTESTINE; AMERICAN DIET; VITAMIN-C; CANCER AB Glutathione may function as an anticarcinogen by acting as an antioxidant or by binding with cellular mutagens. Orally administered glutathione increases plasma glutathione levels, and plasma glutathione is also synthesized in the liver. To investigate the associations between glutathione intake and plasma glutathione level, we compared dietary intake estimates from food frequency questionnaire data and measured concentrations of plasma total glutathione and other serum antioxidants in 69 while men and women. Daily glutathione intake ranged from 13.0 to 109.9 mg (mean 34.8 mg). Fruits and vegetables were found to contribute over 50% of usual dietary glutathione intake, whereas meats contributed less than 25%. Small negative correlations were observed between dietary and plasma glutathione and, although they were usually not statistically significant, they were generally consistent by different time periods of dietary intake assessment. Adjustment for sex, age, caloric intake, and dietary intake of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine did not alter the observed associations. The correlations appeared to be modified, however, by serum vitamin C concentration, with little or no association between dietary and plasma glutathione among those with lower levels of serum vitamin C and stronger negative correlations among those with higher serum vitamin C levels. These findings indicate that factors regulating plasma glutathione concentration are complex and not simply related to dietary glutathione intake or supply of precursor amino acids. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV NUTR,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP FLAGG, EW (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-17998-15]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39968] NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MX498 UT WOS:A1994MX49800004 PM 8183721 ER PT J AU POTISCHMAN, N HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SWANSON, CA HERRERO, R TENORIO, F DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E REEVES, WC AF POTISCHMAN, N HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SWANSON, CA HERRERO, R TENORIO, F DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E REEVES, WC TI THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CERVICAL-CANCER AND SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF NUTRITIONAL-STATUS SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-AGED MEN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RISK; RETINOL; COHORT; HEALTH; WOMEN AB We evaluated whether differences in serological nutrient indicators between cases and controls were likely to be due to different usual levels for cases or to altered metabolism due to disease. Blood samples obtained as part of a case-control study of invasive cervical cancer conducted in Latin America were evaluated for case-control differences and for trends with stage of disease. Serum alpha- and beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol showed no trend with extent of disease, although Stage IV cases had lower alpha- and beta-carotene values than did other cases. A slight trend of decreasing values with stage was observed for serum retinol, lycopene, and lutein. For cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, an inverse trend was observed with stage of disease, which suggested a clinical effect of the disease on blood lipids. Adjustment for smoking, alcohol intake, or oral contraceptive use did not alter observed relations, nor was there evidence that the altered blood nutrient levels differed by histological type. These data suggest that serum values for some carotenoids from Stage I, II, and III cervical cancer are suitable for etiological studies, but spurious results may be obtained if late-stage cases are included. Evidence of trends with severity of disease for cholesterol and triglycerides, and possibly for retinol, lycopene, and lutein, suggest that special attention be given to disease effects of these nutrients in studies of cervical cancer. C1 CAJA COSTARRICENSE SEGURO SOCIAL,UNIDAD NACL CANCEROL,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. INST MEXICANO SEGURIDAD SOCIAL,HOSP ONCOL NACL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. INST ONCOL NACL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. INST NACL CANCEROL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NN828 UT WOS:A1994NN82800001 PM 8072874 ER PT J AU BERG, CJ ZUPAN, J DALMADA, PJ KHOURY, MJ FULLER, LJ AF BERG, CJ ZUPAN, J DALMADA, PJ KHOURY, MJ FULLER, LJ TI GESTATIONAL-AGE AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION AMONG WHITE AND BLACK VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS - A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM; PREMATURITY; CHILDREN; RISK AB Very low birthweight (VLBW) is a commonly used endpoint in perinatal epidemiology, but the population of VLBW infants comprises a wide range of gestational ages and rates of fetal growth. We used data from a population-based study of all 1072 black and white VLBW liveborn infants born in 29 counties in Georgia between April 1986 and March 1988. Less than 1% of the VLBW infants were greater-than-or-equal-to 37 weeks gestation; most were 29-32 weeks (26%) or 25 to 28 weeks (40%); 12% were 22 weeks or less. All infants 33 weeks gestation or greater were growth retarded. The population of VLBW infants seems to comprise three groups: approximately 11% very immature infants of 22 weeks or less; the majority of infants, born between 23 and 30 weeks, 90% of which are of normal weight for their gestational age; and a group of less premature, growth-retarded infants from 31 to 36 weeks. We found little or no difference in the distribution of gestational age or the percentage of intrauterine growth rates (IUGR) between black and white infants. In the USA the VLBW rate among black infants is over three times greater than that among white infants and consequently the rates of the three types of VLBW among black infants are likely to be triple those among white infants. C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. BATTELLE MEM INST,ARLINGTON,VA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP BERG, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP K-23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00435.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA MU458 UT WOS:A1994MU45800007 PM 8153018 ER PT J AU HALL, CB MARGOLIS, HS AF HALL, CB MARGOLIS, HS TI HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION - PEDIATRICIANS PERSPECTIVE - REPLY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; REFUGEES; BORN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HALL, CB (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT PEDIAT & MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1994 VL 93 IS 1 BP 151 EP 152 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MP568 UT WOS:A1994MP56800028 ER PT B AU ROSENBERG, M AF ROSENBERG, M BE Apple, DF Hayes, WC TI INJURY PREVENTION - A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO PREVENTION OF FALLS AND HIP FRACTURES IN THE ELDERLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Prevention of Falls and Hip Fractures in the Elderly CY JAN 21-22, 1993 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP AMER ACAD ORTHOPAED SURGEONS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMONT PA 6300 NORTH RIVER RD, ROSEMONT, IL 60018 BN 0-89203-101-8 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA BA54V UT WOS:A1994BA54V00001 ER PT B AU SATTIN, RW AF SATTIN, RW BE Apple, DF Hayes, WC TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FALLS AND HIP-FRACTURES AMONG OLDER PERSONS SO PREVENTION OF FALLS AND HIP FRACTURES IN THE ELDERLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Prevention of Falls and Hip Fractures in the Elderly CY JAN 21-22, 1993 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP AMER ACAD ORTHOPAED SURGEONS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,SCI REVIEW SECT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMONT PA 6300 NORTH RIVER RD, ROSEMONT, IL 60018 BN 0-89203-101-8 PY 1994 BP 71 EP 82 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA BA54V UT WOS:A1994BA54V00007 ER PT J AU GRANT, KA AF GRANT, KA GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI EVALUATION OF GRIP FORCE EXERTIONS IN DYNAMIC MANUAL WORK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 38TH ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society 38th Annual Meeting CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 SN 1071-1813 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1994 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BB69W UT WOS:A1994BB69W00118 ER PT J AU WARREN, RC HAHN, RA BRISTOW, L YU, ESH AF WARREN, RC HAHN, RA BRISTOW, L YU, ESH TI THE USE OF RACE AND ETHNICITY IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. RP WARREN, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400002 PM 8303012 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA STROUP, DF AF HAHN, RA STROUP, DF TI RACE AND ETHNICITY IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE - CRITERIA FOR THE SCIENTIFIC USE OF SOCIAL CATEGORIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CDC-ATSDR Workshop on the Use of Race and Ethnicity in Public Health Surveillance CY MAR 01-02, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, AGCY TAX SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY ID MORTALITY AB Public health surveillance is the cornerstone of public health practice. The uses of surveillance include the identification of patterns of health among population subgroups. The assessment of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance is fundamental to the reduction of preventable excesses in poor health among racial and ethnic populations. We review the use of race and ethnic variables in national public health surveillance systems in the United States. One barrier to the use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance is the lack of scientific consensus on the nature of race and ethnicity and the measurement of these variables. Differences in terminology, data collection procedures, perceptions of group identity, and changing demographics of the U.S. population present particular challenges for surveillance. We propose criteria for any useful variables collected through surveillance. Application of these criteria to race and ethnicity suggests that race as assessed in surveillance is not primarily associated with biological characteristics, but it is more like ethnicity-a matter of self-perceived membership in population groups. Regular evaluation of surveillance systems will contribute to the usefulness of information on race and ethnicity in the improvement of the health of minority populations. RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400003 PM 8303018 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DR LAVIZZOMOUREY, R WARREN, RC AF WILLIAMS, DR LAVIZZOMOUREY, R WARREN, RC TI THE CONCEPT OF RACE AND HEALTH-STATUS IN AMERICA SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CDC-ATSDR Workshop on the Use of Race and Ethnicity in Public Health Surveillance CY MAR 01-02, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, AGCY TAX SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY ID BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; STANDARDIZED TERMINOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; NATIVE-AMERICANS; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN; MORTALITY; ACCESS AB Race is an unscientific, societally constructed taxonomy that is based on an ideology that views some human population groups as inherently superior to others on the basis of external physical characteristics or geographic origin. The concept of race is socially meaningful but of limited biological significance. Racial or ethnic variations in health status result primarily from variations among races in exposure or vulnerability to behavioral, psychosocial, material, and environmental risk factors and resources. Additional data that capture the specific factors that contribute to group differences in disease must be collected. However, reductions in racial disparities in health will ultimately require change in the larger societal institutions and structures that determine exposure to pathogenic conditions. More attention needs to be given to the ways that racism, in its multiple forms, affects health status. Socioeconomic status is a central determinant of health status, overlaps the concept of race, but is not equivalent to race. Inadequate attention has been given to the range of variation in social, cultural, and health characteristics within and between racial or ethnic minority populations. There is a growing emphasis, both within and without the Federal Government, on the collection of racial or ethnic identifiers in health data systems, but noncoverage of the Asian and Pacific Islander population, Native Americans, and subgroups of the Hispanic population is still a major problem. However, for all racial or ethnic groups, we need not only more data but better data. We must be more active in directly measuring the health-related aspects of belonging to these social categories. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT SOCIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48106. CTR DIS CONTROL,AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WILLIAMS, DR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,INST SOCIAL RES,SURVEY RES CTR,POB 1248,ANN ARBOR,MI 48106, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07904] NR 104 TC 250 Z9 253 U1 1 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 26 EP 41 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400005 PM 8303011 ER PT J AU SCHWARTLANDER, B JANSSEN, RS SATTEN, GA CRITCHLEY, SE PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ AF SCHWARTLANDER, B JANSSEN, RS SATTEN, GA CRITCHLEY, SE PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ TI GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING RAPID ASSESSMENT SURVEYS OF HIV SEROPREVALENCE AMONG HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; INFECTION AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has developed guidelines for determining HIV seroprevalence among patients seeking medical care at acute-care hospitals. The guidelines enable hospital staff members to perform a simple, rapid, and inexpensive survey to determine seroprevalence among the patient population, protecting the anonymity of those who are tested. The guidelines are based on national experience with large-scale anonymous, unlinked HIV serosurveys. The data from a rapid assessment survey are particularly useful for evaluating the need to provide routine, voluntary HIV counseling and testing and treatment for HIV infection. Beyond that, such data can be used in targeting education efforts, in reinforcing the use of appropriate universal precautions, in resource allocation, and in determining the need for further studies of HIV infection among the population in the hospital catchment area. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MS E46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400008 PM 8303015 ER PT J AU BOSS, LP FOSTER, LR AF BOSS, LP FOSTER, LR TI SURVEY OF STATE HEALTH AGENCIES STAFF WHO PRACTICE THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES AND CONDITIONS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The primary causes of mortality in the United States are noninfectious diseases and conditions. Epidemiologic and intervention activities related to most of these diseases and conditions have increased in most State health agencies over the past decade. Because little was known of the practice of noninfectious disease epidemiology in State health agencies, a mail survey was undertaken in 1991. Persons working in State health agencies who responded to the survey had a graduate degree in epidemiology, biostatistics, or related fields and actively participated in the epidemiology of noninfectious diseases or conditions. Respondents were from 48 States, predominantly male (56 percent) and white (92 percent). On an average, respondents spent roughly half of their time actually doing epidemiology. The focus of noninfectious disease epidemiology has been categorized by risk factors (environment, occupation, nutrition, tobacco, and substance abuse), diseases (diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease), and health conditions (injury, birth defects, and other reproductive conditions). The percentage of respondents who reported epidemiologic activity in any risk factor, disease, or condition varied from 55 percent for environmental epidemiology to 9 percent in nutritional epidemiology. Respondents from 41 States reported activity in environmental epidemiology, those from 18 States reported activity in substance-abuse epidemiology, and those from 13 States reported activity in nutritional epidemiology. Although the practice of noninfectious disease epidemiology appears to be considered important in the majority of States, the extent of practice varies markedly. Those risk factors, diseases, and conditions that are most frequently associated with morbidity and mortality are the least addressed epidemiologically in State health agencies. In addition, when events such as environmental disasters occur, appropriate surveillance systems frequently are not in place to monitor the most important health outcomes. As a result, public health planning and intervention programs may not be driven by solid epidemiologic data. C1 DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OREGON STATE HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. RP BOSS, LP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RE NE,MS F53,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400016 PM 8303004 ER PT J AU MARCUS, SE EMONT, SL CORCORAN, RD GIOVINO, GA PIERCE, JP WALLER, MN DAVIS, RM AF MARCUS, SE EMONT, SL CORCORAN, RD GIOVINO, GA PIERCE, JP WALLER, MN DAVIS, RM TI PUBLIC-ATTITUDES ABOUT CIGARETTE-SMOKING - RESULTS FROM THE 1990 SMOKING ACTIVITY VOLUNTEER EXECUTED SURVEY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SELF-INTEREST; OPINION AB The 1990 Smoking Activity Volunteer Executed Survey collected information on a wide range of policy-relevant issues concerning public attitudes about cigarette smoking. These issues include cigarette taxes advertising restrictions, minors' access to tobacco products, school-based prevention, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in workplaces and public areas. Survey data were collected during the spring and summer months of 1990 from random samples of adults from Arizona, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Telephone interviews were conducted by trained American Cancer Society volunteers using standardized questionnaires. Cluster sampling techniques, interviewer training and supervision, and data collection procedures were designed in conformity with the methodology of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking prevalence ranged from a low of approximately 20 percent in Texas to a high of 31 percent in Michigan. Between 60 and 69 percent of the respondents in the four States, including between 44 and 71 percent of current smokers, believe tobacco should be classified as a drug. Around 65 percent of the respondents would support an extra tax on tobacco to finance public campaigns against smoking, and between 61 percent and 69 percent favor banning cigarette advertising in the print media and on billboards. More than 82 percent of the respondents believe that stronger laws should be enacted to prevent the sale of tobacco products to minors, and more than 86 percent believe that existing laws should be better enforced. Current smokers were only slightly less likely than were former and never smokers to indicate support of policy changes to prevent minors' access to tobacco products, the two groups had somewhat more disagreement in the amount of support for the other smoking control policies. Finally, although between 62 and 88 percent of working respondents reported the presence of smoking restrictions at their workplace, between 26 and 48 percent still reported being bothered by smoking at work. These study findings suggest that existing smoking control policies are not restrictive enough or are inadequately enforced. The study documents strong public concern in the four states about the inadequacy of current policies and support for the enactment of stronger legislation to control smoking behavior. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARCUS, SE (reprint author), NIDR,ANAL STUDIES & HLTH ASSESSMENT BRANCH,5333 WESTBARD AVE,ROOM 537,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400018 PM 8303006 ER PT J AU BRINK, SG GOTTLIEB, NH MCLEROY, KR WISOTZKY, M BURDINE, JN AF BRINK, SG GOTTLIEB, NH MCLEROY, KR WISOTZKY, M BURDINE, JN TI A COMMUNITY VIEW OF SMOKING CESSATION COUNSELING IN THE PRACTICES OF PHYSICIANS AND DENTISTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTION; HEALTH; CARE; SMOKERS; IMPACT; QUIT AB The practice norms of community physicians and dentists in the Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania for counseling about smoking cessation were surveyed. In addition, 1,373 residents in the valley were interviewed by telephone about the smoking counseling behaviors of their dentists and physicians. These activities were conducted as part of the planning for an intervention by the Coalition for a Smoke-Free Valley, a coalition of 100 persons and organizations in the area. The survey response rate for 172 physicians was 77 percent, and for 103 dentists, it was 76 percent. More physicians than dentists advised patients to quit, counseled patients, provided materials, and helped the patient to set a quit date. However, there was a clear discrepancy between what physicians say they do and what smokers say they hear. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HEALTHMARK ASSOCIATES,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT KINESIOL & HLTH ED,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT RES & DEV,HOUSTON,TX 77225. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PUBL,HLTH ED,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. LEHIGH VALLEY HOSP,ALLENTOWN,PA. RI Burdine, James/C-9011-2015 OI Burdine, James/0000-0002-9164-7402 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW864 UT WOS:A1994MW86400019 PM 8303007 ER PT B AU VENTURA, SJ AF VENTURA, SJ BE Lamberty, G GarciaColl, C TI DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PUERTO-RICAN MOTHERS AND THEIR BABIES, 1990 SO PUERTO RICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN: ISSUES IN HEALTH, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT SE TOPICS IN SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Puerto Rican Women and Children: Issues in Health, Growth, and Development CY NOV 29-30, 1990 CL BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI SP US DHHS, BROWN UNIV SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT HO BROWN UNIV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44615-4 J9 T SOC PSYCH PY 1994 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA BA60F UT WOS:A1994BA60F00006 ER PT B AU KILBOURNE, BW GWINN, M CASTRO, KG OXTOBY, MJ AF KILBOURNE, BW GWINN, M CASTRO, KG OXTOBY, MJ BE Lamberty, G GarciaColl, C TI HIV-INFECTION AND AIDS AMONG WOMEN - IMPACT ON HISPANIC WOMEN AND CHILDREN RESIDING IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PUERTO RICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN: ISSUES IN HEALTH, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT SE TOPICS IN SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Puerto Rican Women and Children: Issues in Health, Growth, and Development CY NOV 29-30, 1990 CL BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI SP US DHHS, BROWN UNIV SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT HO BROWN UNIV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44615-4 J9 T SOC PSYCH PY 1994 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA BA60F UT WOS:A1994BA60F00008 ER PT S AU WACHSMUTH, IK AF WACHSMUTH, IK BE Karmali, MA Goglio, AG TI PUBLIC HEALTH - EPIDEMIOLOGY - FOOD SAFETY - LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS SO RECENT ADVANCES IN VEROCYTOTOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium and Workshop on Verocytotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia Coli infections CY JUN 27-30, 1994 CL BERGAMO, ITALY SP ASSOC MICROBIOL CLIN ITALIANI, HOSPIT SICK CHILDREN, RES INST, TORONTO, CANADA, OSPEDALI RIUNITI, BERGAMO, ITALY, IST RIC FARMACOL MARIO NEGRI, BERGAMO, ITALY, IST SUPER SANITA, ROMA, ITALY, LOIS JOY GALLER FDN HEMOLYT UREM SYNDROME INC, NY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-81840-5 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1994 VL 1072 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BC58C UT WOS:A1994BC58C00001 ER PT S AU GRIFFIN, PM BELL, BP CIESLAK, PR TUTTLE, J BARRETT, TJ DOYLE, MP MCNAMARA, AM SHEFER, AM WELLS, JG AF GRIFFIN, PM BELL, BP CIESLAK, PR TUTTLE, J BARRETT, TJ DOYLE, MP MCNAMARA, AM SHEFER, AM WELLS, JG BE Karmali, MA Goglio, AG TI LARGE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTIONS IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES - THE BIG PICTURE SO RECENT ADVANCES IN VEROCYTOTOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium and Workshop on Verocytotoxin (Shiga-like Toxin)-Producing Escherichia Coli Infections CY JUN 27-30, 1994 CL BERGAMO, ITALY SP Assoc Microbiol Clin Italiani, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Ist Super Sanita, Roma, Lois Joy Galler Fdn Hemolyt Urem Syndrome Inc, New York, US Israael Binatl Sci Fdn C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-81840-5 J9 INT CONGR SER JI Int. Congr. Ser. PY 1994 VL 1072 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BC58C UT WOS:A1994BC58C00002 ER PT S AU MAHY, BWJ AF MAHY, BWJ BE Brown, F TI DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION - SUMMARY SO RECOMBINANT VECTORS IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Symposium on Recombinant Vectors in Vaccine Development CY MAY 23-26, 1993 CL ALBANY, NY SP NUCL ACID TECHNOL FDN, INT ASSOC BIOL STAND, US FDA, USDA ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, NIAID RP MAHY, BWJ (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-5997-6 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1994 VL 82 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Virology GA BA82W UT WOS:A1994BA82W00027 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS AF KESNER, JS TI ADDRESSING THE THREAT OF OCCUPATIONAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY IN RUSSIA SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAIL STOP C-23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90060-4 PG 3 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA NA400 UT WOS:A1994NA40000001 PM 8186618 ER PT J AU BINKIN, NJ GHERSI, G BOERI, V LOMONACO, R SALAMINA, G AF BINKIN, NJ GHERSI, G BOERI, V LOMONACO, R SALAMINA, G TI AN EPIDEMIC OF TUBERCULOSIS IN AN ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL, SANREMO, ITALY, 1993 SO REVUE D EPIDEMIOLOGIE ET DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIC; SCHOOL AB In late 1992, three cases of tuberculosis were identified in school children attending a small elementary school in Sanremo, Italy. In order to identify further cases and determine the source, an epidemiologic investigation was undertaken. Tine test and X rays were performed on all students and school personnel. A total of 80 % of the 59 students in the school had positive tine test reactions, as did 100 % of the 12 teachers. All but one of the positive students had converted since last tested, as had the nine teachers who had been previously negative. The source of the outbreak was a teacher who had been in direct classroom contact with two of the five classes and had worked closely with the rest in building of a Christmas creche for the school. This outbreak suggests that increasing attention should be paid to school as potential foci for the spread of tuberculosis and that greater attention be paid to teacher screening, particularly in areas of higher tuberculosis prevalence. RP BINKIN, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0398-7620 J9 REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE JI Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF155 UT WOS:A1994NF15500005 PM 8184157 ER PT B AU EBERHARD, ML ABRAHAM, DA AF EBERHARD, ML ABRAHAM, DA BE Eder, G Kaiser, E King, FA TI THE CHIMPANZEE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES FOR PARASITOLOGICAL DISEASES - SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MALARIA AND ONCHOCERCIASIS SO ROLE OF THE CHIMPANZEE IN RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on The Role of the Chimpanzee in Research CY MAY 22-24, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP EMORY UNIV, YERKES REG PRIMATE CTR, UNIV VIENNA, DEPT MED CHEM RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-8055-5850-3 PY 1994 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Zoology GA BA85S UT WOS:A1994BA85S00019 ER PT B AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K BE Eder, G Kaiser, E King, FA TI IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-ANTIGENS IN LIVER-TISSUE SO ROLE OF THE CHIMPANZEE IN RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on The Role of the Chimpanzee in Research CY MAY 22-24, 1992 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP EMORY UNIV, YERKES REG PRIMATE CTR, UNIV VIENNA, DEPT MED CHEM RP KRAWCZYNSKI, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,EXPTL PATHOL SECT,BLDG 6,ROOM 192,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-8055-5850-3 PY 1994 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Zoology GA BA85S UT WOS:A1994BA85S00028 ER PT J AU GALAVOTTI, C SCHNELL, DJ AF GALAVOTTI, C SCHNELL, DJ TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOICE AND BELIEFS ABOUT HIV AND PREGNANCY PREVENTION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between contraceptive method choice and perceptions of HIV and pregnancy risk among women at risk of HIV infection and transmission. Study Design: Women who were infected with HIV or who were at high risk of infection were administered a questionnaire assessing sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors and beliefs, Si;D and pregnancy history, and intentions, beliefs and behaviors regarding pregnancy, childbearing and contraception. Results: Among women who reported using a contraceptive method every time they had intercourse, 43% used condoms only, 22% used birth control pills only, and 11% used both. Only 58% of consistent condom users believed they were very unlikely to become infected with HIV in the next year. Controlling for risk factor differences, pill-only users were less likely to believe themselves at risk of HIV infection, and more confident in their ability to prevent HIV infection, compared with condom-only users. Conclusion: Results suggest that women's beliefs about the effectiveness of a method for pregnancy prevention may generalize to beliefs about the efficacy of the method for disease prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD-HIV,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GALAVOTTI, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1097/00007435-199401000-00002 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MU295 UT WOS:A1994MU29500002 PM 8140490 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SR MARTIN, DH CAMMARATA, C MORSE, SA AF JOHNSON, SR MARTIN, DH CAMMARATA, C MORSE, SA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; GENITAL ULCERS; SEX FACTOR; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; AMPLIFICATION AB Background and Objectives: Haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid is a fastidious organism difficult to culture and identify. Consequently, culture is an insensitive method for diagnosis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers a sensitive and specific nonculture method for the detection of bacterial pathogens. Study Design: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect the presence of Haemophilus ducreyi. A pair of primers was selected from sequences of an anonymous fragment of DNA cloned from H. ducreyi. The primers were tested in amplification reactions with both purified DNA and lysed organisms for their ability to detect H. ducreyi, and with DNA from a variety of different bacteria for their specificity. The utility of the primers for the detection of H. ducreyi in samples taken from genital ulcers was also tested and compared with culture. Results: PCR was positive for 62% of the specimens that were culture-positive, however, PCR was also positive for 49% of the culture-negative specimens. Comparison of specimens that were dark field positive for T. pallidum and PCR-positive with those that were culture-positive for herpes simplex virus and PCR positive suggested that PCR was giving true and not random positive results. Additional studies demonstrated that the failure of PCR to detect H. ducreyi in all of the culture-positive specimens probably resulted from inhibitors of the Tag DNA polymerase that were present in the nucleic acids extracted from the clinical specimen. Conclusion: PCR should be a useful method for the detection of H. ducreyi in genital lesions, especially where culture sensitivity is poor. However, the presence of unidentified Tag polymerase inhibitors in some ulcers specimens require the development of improved methods for specimen handling. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SECT,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP JOHNSON, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,D13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1097/00007435-199401000-00004 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MU295 UT WOS:A1994MU29500004 PM 8140483 ER PT J AU GROSECLOSE, SL ERICKSON, B QUINN, TC GLASSER, D CAMPBELL, CH HOOK, EW AF GROSECLOSE, SL ERICKSON, B QUINN, TC GLASSER, D CAMPBELL, CH HOOK, EW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PATIENTS ACCEPTING AND REFUSING ROUTINE, VOLUNTARY HIV ANTIBODY TESTING IN PUBLIC SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; WOMEN; AIDS; RISK AB Background and Objectives: To determine the proportion of HIV-infected sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients identified during routine, voluntary HIV counseling and testing and to characterize patients accepting and refusing counseling and testing, we linked data from a blinded HIV seroprevalence survey to data from the HIV counseling and testing program. Goal of this Study: This study characterizes patients accepting and refusing routine HIV counseling and testing in two public STD clinics. Study Design: A cross-sectional, blinded HIV seroprevalence survey was conducted of 1,232 STD clinic patients offered HIV counseling and testing. Results: HIV seroprevalence was higher among patients who refused voluntary testing (7.8% versus 3.6%, P = 0.001). Patients who refused testing were more likely to report a prior HIV test (45.6% versus 27.2%; P < 0.001). Among patients reporting a prior HIV test, differences were noted between reported prior results, both positive and negative, and blinded results. Conclusions: HIV-infected STD patients may not be detected by routine HIV testing, and self-reported HIV results should be confirmed. C1 BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU300604-04] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1097/00007435-199401000-00007 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MU295 UT WOS:A1994MU29500007 PM 8140486 ER PT B AU CHILDS, JE KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE KREBS, JW ZAKI, S NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ GLASS, GE AF CHILDS, JE KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE KREBS, JW ZAKI, S NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ GLASS, GE BE Halverson, WS Crabb, AC TI HANTAVIRUSES AND THEIR RODENT RESERVOIRS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SIXTEENTH VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Vertebrate Pest Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 1994 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP VERTEBRATE PEST COUNCIL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE PI DAVIS PA UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS WILDLIFE EXTENSION, DAVIS, CA 95616 PY 1994 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BC44N UT WOS:A1994BC44N00038 ER PT B AU GAGE, KL MONTENIERI, JA THOMAS, RE AF GAGE, KL MONTENIERI, JA THOMAS, RE BE Halverson, WS Crabb, AC TI THE ROLE OF PREDATORS IN THE ECOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND SURVEILLANCE OF PLAGUE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SIXTEENTH VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Vertebrate Pest Conference CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 1994 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP VERTEBRATE PEST COUNCIL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE PI DAVIS PA UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS WILDLIFE EXTENSION, DAVIS, CA 95616 PY 1994 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BC44N UT WOS:A1994BC44N00040 ER PT J AU KLOVDAHL, AS POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE MUTH, JB MUTH, SQ DARROW, WW AF KLOVDAHL, AS POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE MUTH, JB MUTH, SQ DARROW, WW TI SOCIAL NETWORKS AND INFECTIOUS-DISEASE - THE COLORADO-SPRINGS STUDY SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC MODELS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; HIV; HEPATITIS-B; PROSTITUTES; INJECTING DRUG USERS; CONTACT TRACING ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; GONORRHEA AB The social network paradigm provides a set of concepts and methods useful for studying the structure of a population through which infectious agents transmitted during close personal contact spread, and an opportunity to develop improved disease control programs. The research discussed was a first attempt to use a social network approach to better understand factors affecting the transmission of a variety of pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), in a population of prostitutes, injecting drug users (IDU) and their personal associates in a moderate-sized city (Colorado Springs, CO). Some of the challenges of studying large social networks in epidemiological research are described, some initial results reported and a new view of interconnections in an at risk population provided. Overall, for the first time in epidemiologic research a large number of individuals (over 600) were found connected to each other, directly or indirectly, using a network design. The average distance (along observed social relationships) between persons infected with HIV and susceptible persons was about three steps (3.1) in the core network region. All susceptibles in the core were within seven steps of HIV infection. C1 EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP KLOVDAHL, AS (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCUS802975-03] NR 34 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90302-6 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA MK270 UT WOS:A1994MK27000010 PM 8146718 ER PT B AU COCHI, SL SUTTER, RW AF COCHI, SL SUTTER, RW GP ABBOTT LAB, ROSS PROD DIV TI POLIOVIRUS VACCINES AND VACCINATION POLICY IN THE UNITED-STATES - REEVALUATION OF POLICY OPTIONS SO STRATEGIES FOR PEDIATRIC VACCINES: CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES: REPORT OF THE 104TH ROSS CONFERENCE ON PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 104th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research - Strategies for Pediatric Vaccines: Conventional and Molecular Approaches CY SEP 18-21, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP ABBOTT LAB, ROSS PROD DIV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSS PRODUCTS DIV ABBOTT LABORATORIES PI COLUMBUS PA COLUMBUS, OH 43215-1724 PY 1994 BP 94 EP 103 PG 10 WC Immunology; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Pediatrics GA BC29F UT WOS:A1994BC29F00011 ER PT J AU Short, LM Hennessy, M AF Short, Lynn M. Hennessy, Michael TI Using Structural Equations to Estimate Effects of Behavioral Interventions SO STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB When evaluating intervention programs designed to influence complex behavioral outcomes, researchers are often faced with confounding background variables that need to be controlled, as well as several intervening or mediating variables such as self-efficacy or locus of control. However, because intervening variables are assumed to have a causal effect on program outcomes, their impact should be estimated and not controlled. We compare the difference between means using t tests, single-equation multiple regression, and structural equation models for their ability to characterize accurately the causal pathways considered in behavioral interventions. We find that the mean difference accurately estimates the total effect of the treatment on the outcome of interest but does not allow for decomposition of treatment effects attributable to intervening variables. Multiple regression analysis defines the treatment effect as a unique component that does not consider relations among intervening variables. In contrast, structural equation modeling not only provides an accurate estimate of the total treatment effect, but it also allows for decomposition of effects into those directly related to the treatment and those operating through theoretically specified intervening causal variables. Because many behavioral theories suggest that treatment effects of social interventions result from effects of intervening variables, treatment effects cannot be adequately represented conceptually or statistically by single-equation analyses. C1 [Short, Lynn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Evaluat Res Sect, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,Dept Hlt, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hennessy, Michael] Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Short, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Evaluat Res Sect, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,Dept Hlt, Mail Stop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5511 J9 STRUCT EQU MODELING JI Struct. Equ. Modeling PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1080/10705519409539962 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA V19GP UT WOS:000208061200005 ER PT J AU Short, LM AF Short, Lynn M. TI Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis 2nd edition SO STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Short, Lynn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Short, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5511 J9 STRUCT EQU MODELING JI Struct. Equ. Modeling PY 1994 VL 1 IS 4 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1080/10705519409539987 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA V19GU UT WOS:000208061700005 ER PT J AU NELSON, BK AF NELSON, BK TI INTERACTIONS IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - A LITERATURE-REVIEW AND TERMINOLOGY PROPOSAL SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; 5-AZACYTIDINE-INDUCED DIGITAL MALFORMATIONS; ACID-INDUCED TERATOGENICITY; INDUCED LIMB MALFORMATIONS; SKF 525A PRETREATMENT; NITROUS-OXIDE; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; C57BL/6N MICE; RETINOIC ACID; CLEFT-PALATE AB Developmental toxicologists have investigated the interactive effects from concurrent exposures to a variety of chemical and physical agents, including therapeutic drugs, industrial agents, and some biological organisms or their toxins. Of approximately 160 reports of concurrent exposures reviewed in this paper, about one third report no interactive effects (including additive effects-usually referring to response-as opposed to dose-additivity); another one third report antagonistic effects, and the final third report potentiative or synergistic effects. The quality of the studies is highly variable. Frequently, only small numbers of animals were included, and very few dose levels were evaluated. Maternal toxicity was rarely discussed. Time-effect relationships were examined infrequently. In addition, these studies are also inconsistent in the use of terms to describe interactive effects, and more than 90% of the terms were not in harmony with currently accepted definitions in toxicology. Because interaction studies will continue to be important in the future, this paper proposes uniform usage of terms for additivity and interactions in developmental toxicology: additivity (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants approximates the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); antagonism (the combined effect of two or more agents, one or more of which are present at doses that would be developmentally toxic if given individually, is significantly less than the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); potentiation (the increased effect of a developmental toxicant by concurrent action of another agent at a dose that is not developmentally toxic); synergism (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants is significantly greater than the sum of the effects of each agent administered alone); and, interaction if more precise terminology does not apply. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP NELSON, BK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DBBS C24,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 181 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 33 EP 71 DI 10.1002/tera.1420490107 PG 39 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MW677 UT WOS:A1994MW67700006 PM 8171395 ER PT J AU FAROON, O DEROSA, CT SMITH, L MEHLMAN, MA RIDDLE, J HALES, Y BRATTIN, WJ AF FAROON, O DEROSA, CT SMITH, L MEHLMAN, MA RIDDLE, J HALES, Y BRATTIN, WJ TI ATSDR EVALUATION OF HEALTH-EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS .1. CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE - HEALTH-EFFECTS, TOXICOKINETICS, HUMAN EXPOSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE; TOXICITY; TOXICOKINETICS; HEALTH EFFECTS ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; INDUCED LIVER-DAMAGE; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHENOBARBITAL-PRETREATED RATS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; MICROSOMAL CALCIUM-PUMP; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FREE-RADICAL METABOLITES AB This document provides public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of carbon tetrachloride. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. Additional substances will be profiled in a series of manuscripts to follow. C1 LIFE SYST INC,CLEVELAND,OH. LIFE SYST INC,ARLINGTON,VA. RP FAROON, O (reprint author), ATSDR,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD E29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 722 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP 1 EP 123 PG 123 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PU674 UT WOS:A1994PU67400001 ER PT J AU SARTI, E SCHANTZ, PM PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M GUTIERREZ, I AGUILERA, J ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A AF SARTI, E SCHANTZ, PM PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M GUTIERREZ, I AGUILERA, J ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF TAENIA-SOLIUM TAENIASIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF MICHOACAN STATE, MEXICO SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SAGINATA AB We performed a survey for taeniasis and cysticercosis among persons living in a Mexican village where Taenia solium infection in pigs was known to be enzootic. A standardized questionnaire was administered in all 577 households to obtain medical histories and information on demographic and environmental factors and on risk factors associated with transmission of infection. Serum and/or stool specimens were obtained from 1005 volunteers and examined for cysticercosis antibodies and intestinal parasites. Faecal examination of 828 participants revealed infection by Taenia sp. in 2 (0.2%). Three additional cases of taeniasis were detected in individuals who evacuated proglottids after treatment with praziquantel. Of 1005 human serum specimens, 49 (4.9%) were positive in the cysticercosis immunoblot assay. Seropositivity increased with age and reached a peak in subjects aged 46-55 years (P < 0.05). A history of seizures was significantly associated with seropositivity (P < 0.05); approximately 25% of persons with such histories were seropositive. Histories of headache, dizziness, trembling, blurred vision, and vomiting were also significantly associated with positive immunoblot assays. This study has demonstrated previously undiagnosed morbidity associated with T. solium neurocysticercosis and identified community behavioural and environmental practices that must be modified to prevent continued transmission of cysticercosis and taeniasis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SECRETARIA SALUD MEXICO,DIRESS GEN EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. INST INVEST BIOMED,DEPT IMMUNOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 29 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 88 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90493-6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MY063 UT WOS:A1994MY06300014 PM 8154000 ER PT J AU ROEHRIG, JT RISL, PA BRUBAKER, JR HUNT, AR BEATY, BJ TRENT, DW MATHEWS, JH AF ROEHRIG, JT RISL, PA BRUBAKER, JR HUNT, AR BEATY, BJ TRENT, DW MATHEWS, JH TI T-HELPER CELL EPITOPES ON THE E-GLYCOPROTEIN OF DENGUE-2 JAMAICA VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; INTERFERON GAMMA-PRODUCTION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; B-CELL; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; FINE SPECIFICITY; ANTIGENIC SITES; VIRAL-PROTEINS C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,ARBOVIRUS & INFECT DIS LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP ROEHRIG, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 198 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA MV840 UT WOS:A1994MV84000006 PM 7505071 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO JUE, DL HINE, TK FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO JUE, DL HINE, TK FIELDS, HA TI IMMUNODOMINANT ANTIGENIC REGIONS IN A STRUCTURAL PROTEIN OF THE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPES; CLONING; HEV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL, MOSCOW 123098, RUSSIA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 198 IS 1 BP 390 EP 393 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1048 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA MV840 UT WOS:A1994MV84000049 PM 8259678 ER PT J AU SAKAMOTO, SI IDE, T NAKATAKE, H TOKIYOSHI, S YAMAMOTO, M KAWAI, A SMITH, JS AF SAKAMOTO, SI IDE, T NAKATAKE, H TOKIYOSHI, S YAMAMOTO, M KAWAI, A SMITH, JS TI STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENICITY AND NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE RABIES VIRUS NISHIGAHARA STRAIN, A CURRENT SEED STRAIN USED FOR DOG VACCINE PRODUCTION IN JAPAN SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE RABIES VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN RABIES VIRUS; GENE STRUCTURE RABIES VIRUS; DNA SEQUENCE; ANTIGENICITY ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; CELLS AB The Nishigahara strain of rabies virus, a current seed strain used for animal vaccine production in Japan, is believed to derive from the original Pasteur strain obtained from Paris in or before 1915. In Japan, the virus was serially passaged through several kinds of animals and cell cultures. Reactions with anti-nucleocapsid protein monoclonal antibodies (MAb-N) indicated the Nishigahara strain had maintained the antigenic profile of the Pasteur virus. Reactions with monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein (MAb-G) revealed differences between the Nishigahara strain and the Pasteur strain; however, the Nishigahara strain maintained a closer resemblance to the Pasteur virus than to other Pasteur-related viruses or to rabies strains unrelated to the Pasteur strain. Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of cloned cDNA encoding the G gene confirmed the antigenic differences among these strains and the resemblance of the Nishigahara strain to the original Pasteur strain. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the noncoding pseudogene region (Tordo et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 3914-3918, 1986) revealed different relationships. Unlike the Pasteur strain, which encodes a transcription-terminating signal at the end of the G gene (marking the beginning of the pseudogene), a long G-L intergenic sequence in the Nishigahara strain was connected to the 3' end of the cDNA, and the transcription-terminating signal was present only at the end of, but not before, the pseudogene. These results are not inconsistent with the documented origin of the Nishigahara strain, but the genome structure around the pseudogene region suggests divergence from the Pasteur strain and a closer resemblance to other strains of rabies virus. C1 KYOTO UNIV,FAC PHARMACEUT SCI,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,RABIES RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SAKAMOTO, SI (reprint author), CHEMO SERO THERAPEUT RES INST,DEPT RES & DEV,KUMAMOTO 86115,JAPAN. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF01703600 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA NA211 UT WOS:A1994NA21100004 PM 8209421 ER PT B AU KONCIKOWSKI, SM SIRIMANNE, SR SOWELL, AL MAGGIO, VL BARR, JR JONES, RL BOWMAN, BA GUNTER, EW AF KONCIKOWSKI, SM SIRIMANNE, SR SOWELL, AL MAGGIO, VL BARR, JR JONES, RL BOWMAN, BA GUNTER, EW BE Norman, AW Bouillon, R Thomasset, M TI Evaluation of conditions for acid catalyzed isomerization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 and sample preparation by solid-phase extraction SO VITAMIN D: PLURIPOTENT STEROID HORMONE: STRUCTURAL STUDIES, MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Vitamin D CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Chugai Pharm Co Ltd, Japan, Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, Switzerland, Hoffmann La Roche Inc, US, Inst Sci Roussel, France, Lab Leo SA, France, Leo Pharm Prod Ltd A S, Denmark, Novo Nordisk A S, Denmark, Procter & Gamble Pharm, US, Solvay Duphar BV, Netherlands, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Japan, Teijin Ltd, Japan, Westwood Squibb Pharm Res Inst, US C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER PI BERLIN 30 PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, W-1000 BERLIN 30, GERMANY BN 3-11-014157-4 PY 1994 BP 761 EP 762 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BD64B UT WOS:A1994BD64B00239 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH FRIEDBERG, D NORMANN, A GRAFF, J FLEHMIG, B SHOUVAL, D AF ROBERTSON, BH FRIEDBERG, D NORMANN, A GRAFF, J FLEHMIG, B SHOUVAL, D TI SEQUENCE VARIABILITY OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS AND FACTOR-VIII ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS-A INFECTIONS IN HEMOPHILIA PATIENTS IN EUROPE - AN UPDATE SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hepatitis A Virus Transmission by Blood Products CY JUL 10, 1993 CL NEW YORK BLOOD CTR, NEW YORK, NY HO NEW YORK BLOOD CTR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; A VIRUS; TRANSFUSION; OUTBREAK; RNA AB Outbreaks and sporadic cases of hepatitis A have been observed in 4 European countries in hemophilia patients receiving factor VIII preparations. PCR amplification of potential hepatitis A virus (HAV) nucleic acid present in plasma pools, purified factor VIII and acute-phase sera from infected individuals has been performed and the nucleic acid sequence determined for those samples that resulted in a positive PCR product. HAV sequences were detected in the serum of 2 German patients, but not in the factor VIII lots administered to these individuals. Screening of plasma pools and the corresponding 5 lots of factor VIII associated with the outbreak in Ireland did not reveal any HAV sequences. In contrast, a study of samples from Italy detected HAV sequences in 5 of 12 lots and in 2 hemophilia patients who developed hepatitis A. These data suggest that implicated factor VIII preparations might have been involved in the outbreaks of HAV infection among Italian hemophiliacs. However, no molecular evidence was obtained for a similar association in Germany or Ireland. The preliminary data from these two investigations must be verified by animal inoculation studies and supported by epidemiologic analysis. C1 HADASSAH UNIV HOSP,DIV MED,LIVER UNIT,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV TUBINGEN,INST HYG,DEPT MED VIROL & EPIDEMIOL VIRUS DIS,TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1994 VL 67 SU 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NU457 UT WOS:A1994NU45700013 PM 8091736 ER PT B AU MARTIN, LS AF MARTIN, LS GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI INACTIVATION AND DISINFECTION OF HIV - A SUMMARY SO WORKSHOP ON NEEDLE EXCHANGE AND BLEACH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Panel Needle Exchange & Bleach Distribut Program, Natl Res Council, Inst Med C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05084-7 PY 1994 BP 284 EP 293 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BD33B UT WOS:A1994BD33B00022 ER PT B AU JONES, TS AF JONES, TS GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI BLEACH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS SO WORKSHOP ON NEEDLE EXCHANGE AND BLEACH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Panel Needle Exchange & Bleach Distribut Program, Natl Res Council, Inst Med C1 CTR DIS CONTROL PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS OHA,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05084-7 PY 1994 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BD33B UT WOS:A1994BD33B00024 ER PT J AU MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ LIU, LI QI, J UTTERBACK, TR KNIGHT, JC AUBIN, L YURAN, TE PARSONS, JM LOPAREV, VN SELIVANOV, NA CAVALLARO, KF KERLAVAGE, AR MAHY, BWJ VENTER, JC AF MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ LIU, LI QI, J UTTERBACK, TR KNIGHT, JC AUBIN, L YURAN, TE PARSONS, JM LOPAREV, VN SELIVANOV, NA CAVALLARO, KF KERLAVAGE, AR MAHY, BWJ VENTER, JC TI POTENTIAL VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS IN TERMINAL REGIONS OF VARIOLA SMALLPOX VIRUS GENOME SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB SMALLPox eradication culminated the most successful antimicrobial campaign in medical history1. To characterize further the linear double-stranded DNA genome of the aetiological agent of smallpox, we have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the highly virulent variola major virus, strain Bangladesh-1975 (VA R-BSH; 186,102 base pairs, 33.7% G + C; Genbank accession number, L22579). Here we highlight features of the molecule and focus on a few of the 187 putative proteins that probably contribute to pathogenicity and virus host-range properties. One hundred and fifty proteins were markedly similar to those of vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine), for which a complete sequence has been reported2,3 for strain Copenhagen (VAC-CPN; 191,636 base pairs, 33.3% G + C). The remaining 37 proteins reflected variola-specific sequences or open reading frame divergences for variant proteins, which are often truncated or elongated compared with their vaccinia counterparts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NINCDS, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. INST GENOM RES, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20878 USA. NR 27 TC 146 Z9 255 U1 0 U2 7 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 366 IS 6457 BP 748 EP 751 DI 10.1038/366748a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN264 UT WOS:A1993MN26400030 PM 8264798 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL HADLER, SC MERMEL, L AF SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL HADLER, SC MERMEL, L TI MORE ON VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 23 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 26 BP 1968 EP 1969 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MM885 UT WOS:A1993MM88500025 ER PT J AU KULIG, K BRENT, J PHILLIPS, S MESSENGER, T HOFFMAN, RE BURKHART, K TAVRIS, DR ONEIDA, B MILLER, GB AF KULIG, K BRENT, J PHILLIPS, S MESSENGER, T HOFFMAN, RE BURKHART, K TAVRIS, DR ONEIDA, B MILLER, GB TI SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS LINKED TO USE OF SHOE SPRAYS - COLORADO, NOVEMBER 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 885-887, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CENT PENN POISON CONTROL CTR,HERSHEY,PA. BLUE RIDGE POISON CONTROL CTR,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMM,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KULIG, K (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 24 BP 2915 EP 2916 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MM119 UT WOS:A1993MM11900007 ER PT J AU WOOD, RC MACDONALD, KL WHITE, KE HEDBERG, CW HANSON, M OSTERHOLM, MT AF WOOD, RC MACDONALD, KL WHITE, KE HEDBERG, CW HANSON, M OSTERHOLM, MT TI RISK-FACTORS FOR LACK OF DETECTABLE ANTIBODY FOLLOWING HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION OF MINNESOTA HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; PERSISTENCE; REVACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; INJECTION; VIRUS; STAFF AB Objective.-To assess the presence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) at postvaccination testing in Minnesota health care workers receiving recombinant hepatitis B vaccines, and to identify risk factors for lacking anti-HBs following hepatitis B vaccination. Design.-Retrospective cohort study. Setting.-Ten acute care hospitals in Minnesota. Participants.-A total of 595 health care workers who had received hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB or Engerix-B) between June 1987 and December 1991 and who underwent postvaccination testing for anti-HBs within 6 months after receiving the third dose of vaccine. Main Outcome Measure.-Presence or absence of anti-HBs following hepatitis B vaccination. Results.-Five variables were independently associated with lacking anti-HBs by multivariate analysis: vaccine brand, smoking status, gender, age, and body mass index. Stratifying by vaccine brand demonstrated that age (P=.01), body mass index (P<.01), and smoking status (P<.01) were associated with lacking anti-HBs only for Recombivax HB recipients; and gender (P=.03) was associated with lacking anti-HBs only for Engerix-B recipients. After controlling for smoking status, age, gender, and body mass index, recipients of Recombivax HB were more likely to lack anti-HBs than recipients of Engerix-B (relative risk, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.7; P=.02). Conclusions.-Results indicate that certain populations of health care workers are at increased risk of not responding to hepatitis B vaccination. Further studies evaluating immunogenicity of currently available recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in persons at high risk for primary vaccine failure are needed. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH, DIV DIS PREVENT & CONTROL, ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT, 717 DELAWARE ST SE, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55440 USA. MEM BLOOD CTR MINNEAPOLIS, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 39 TC 191 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 24 BP 2935 EP 2939 DI 10.1001/jama.270.24.2935 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MM119 UT WOS:A1993MM11900027 PM 8254853 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS PRESSON, AC AF MARGOLIS, HS PRESSON, AC TI HOST FACTORS RELATED TO POOR IMMUNOGENICITY OF HEPATITIS-B VACCINE IN ADULTS - ANOTHER REASON TO IMMUNIZE EARLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; PROGRAMS; EFFICACY; SCHOOLS C1 US DEPT LABOR,OFF OCCUPAT MED OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20210. RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BLDG 6,ROOM 154,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 24 BP 2971 EP 2972 DI 10.1001/jama.270.24.2971 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MM119 UT WOS:A1993MM11900035 PM 8254860 ER PT J AU FITZGIBBON, JE GAUR, S FRENKEL, LD LARAQUE, F EDLIN, BR DUBIN, DT AF FITZGIBBON, JE GAUR, S FRENKEL, LD LARAQUE, F EDLIN, BR DUBIN, DT TI TRANSMISSION FROM ONE CHILD TO ANOTHER OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 WITH A ZIDOVUDINE-RESISTANCE MUTATION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; HIV-1; INFECTION; INFANTS; RISK; AIDS; DNA AB Background and Methods. We describe a child who apparently acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the home setting. The suspected source of infection was a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had received zidovudine and whose virus contained a mutation associated with in vitro zidovudine resistance. The children were born to different HIV-1-infected mothers, but they lived in the same home between the ages of two and five years. Child 1 was infected perinatally; Child 2 was not and was repeatedly found to be seronegative. Child 2 was examined because of acute lymphadenopathy and had seroconverted to HIV-1 positivity. HIV-1 proviral DNA was amplified from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and subjected to sequence analysis. Sequences from Child 2 were compared with those from Child 2's mother, Child 1, and local HIV-1-infected control children. Results. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences from the third hypervariable region (V3) of the env gene from Child 2 were much more similar to those of Child 1 (with a difference of 1.3 percent) than to those of Child 2's mother (a difference of 9.9 percent) or those of four local, epidemiologically unrelated children (differences of 10.1 to 16.3 percent). A zidovudine-resistance mutation at codon 215 of the reverse transcriptase gene (Thr-->Tyr) was found in Children 1 and 2, but not in Child 2's mother. Although the children had no documented exposure to each other's blood, there had been numerous opportunities, including nosebleeds, bleeding gums, and a laceration in Child 1. Conclusions. In the case we describe, HIV-1 with a mutation associated with zidovudine resistance was transmitted from one young child to another, apparently in the home and probably through unrecognized exposure to blood. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DEPT PEDIAT,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DUBIN, DT (reprint author), UMDNJ,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DEPT MOLEC GENET & MICROBIOL,675 HOES LN,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 25 BP 1835 EP 1841 DI 10.1056/NEJM199312163292502 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ML588 UT WOS:A1993ML58800002 PM 8247034 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ ROGERS, MF AF SIMONDS, RJ ROGERS, MF TI HIV PREVENTION - BRINGING THE MESSAGE HOME SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMISSION RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 16 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 25 BP 1883 EP 1885 DI 10.1056/NEJM199312163292511 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ML588 UT WOS:A1993ML58800011 PM 8247042 ER PT J AU TELZAK, EE CHIASSON, MA BEVIER, PJ STONEBURNER, RL CASTRO, KG JAFFE, HW AF TELZAK, EE CHIASSON, MA BEVIER, PJ STONEBURNER, RL CASTRO, KG JAFFE, HW TI HIV-1 SEROCONVERSION IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT GENITAL ULCER DISEASE - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SEROPOSITIVITY; CHANCROID; SYPHILIS; HERPES GENITALIS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; MEN; AFRICA; FEMALE; AIDS AB Objective: To determine the relative risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seroconversion in patients with and without genital ulcers caused by chancroid, syphilis, and herpes. Design: A prospective cohort study Setting: An inner-city, sexually transmitted disease clinic. Patients: Patients seronegative for HIV-1 with and without genital ulcers who were followed for a minimum of 3 months. Interventions: Questionnaire to obtain data on demographics, sexual behavior, and illicit drug use; testing for HIV-1 at entry and at a minimum of 3 months after entry; medical examination for the presence or absence of genital ulcer disease. Results: Overall, 758 heterosexual men with no history of injection drug use completed the study; HIV-1 seroconversion occurred in 10 of 344 (2.9%; 95% CI, 1.4% to 5.3%) men with a genital ulcer and in 4 of 414 (1%; CI, 0.2% to 2.5%) without a genital ulcer (relative risk, 3.0; P = 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, those men with chancroid and a new sexually transmitted disease during follow-up each had about three times the risk for HIV-1 seroconversion (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.04). Conclusions: In this group of heterosexual men, chancroid and repeated acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases appeared to facilitate the sexual transmission of HIV-1. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP TELZAK, EE (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,1650 GRAND CONCOURSE,BRONX,NY 10457, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU203312] NR 20 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 12 BP 1181 EP 1186 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MM121 UT WOS:A1993MM12100005 PM 8239249 ER PT J AU DEBBIE, JG FRANTZ, S NOVICK, LF TRIMARCHI, CV BIRKHEAD, GS BAKER, M HILL, D FUCHS, R VALSAMIS, M VALLEJO, C ROSEMAN, B SCHROEDER, S AF DEBBIE, JG FRANTZ, S NOVICK, LF TRIMARCHI, CV BIRKHEAD, GS BAKER, M HILL, D FUCHS, R VALSAMIS, M VALLEJO, C ROSEMAN, B SCHROEDER, S TI HUMAN RABIES - NEW-YORK, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 805-806, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WESTCHESTER CTY MED CTR,VALHALLA,NY 10595. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP DEBBIE, JG (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 23 BP 2786 EP 2787 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MK941 UT WOS:A1993MK94100005 ER PT J AU RAVIGLIONE, MC SUDRE, P ESTEVES, K SPINACI, S KOCHI, A RIEDER, HL AF RAVIGLIONE, MC SUDRE, P ESTEVES, K SPINACI, S KOCHI, A RIEDER, HL TI TUBERCULOSIS - WESTERN-EUROPE, 1974-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 628-631, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 INT UNION AGAINST TB & LUNG DIS,TB SECT,PARIS,FRANCE. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP RAVIGLIONE, MC (reprint author), WHO,TB PROGRAM,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 23 BP 2787 EP 2787 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MK941 UT WOS:A1993MK94100006 ER PT J AU BRAUN, JE NICHOL, KL MONSON, J THELEN, VM AF BRAUN, JE NICHOL, KL MONSON, J THELEN, VM TI COMPREHENSIVE DELIVERY OF ADULT VACCINATION - MINNESOTA, 1986-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 768-770, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VET ADM MED CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP BRAUN, JE (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 23 BP 2790 EP 2790 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MK941 UT WOS:A1993MK94100007 ER PT J AU FRADKIN, JE MILLS, JL SCHONBERGER, LB WYSOWSKI, DK THOMSON, R DURAKO, SJ ROBISON, LL AF FRADKIN, JE MILLS, JL SCHONBERGER, LB WYSOWSKI, DK THOMSON, R DURAKO, SJ ROBISON, LL TI RISK OF LEUKEMIA AFTER TREATMENT WITH PITUITARY GROWTH-HORMONE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; HISTORY AB Objective.-To determine whether pituitary-derived human growth hormone treatment increases the subsequent risk of developing leukemia and lymphoma. Design.-Cohort study. Setting.-United States. Participants.-A total of 6284 recipients of pituitary-derived human growth hormone distributed by the National Hormone and Pituitary Program between 1963 and 1985. Main Outcome Measures.-Leukemia and lymphoma. Results.-Three cases of leukemia occurred in 59736 patient-years of follow-up from the start of growth hormone therapy to case ascertainment at interview; this number was not significantly higher (P=.23) than the 1.66 cases expected in the US age-, race-, and gender-matched general population. Three additional cases, found in an extended follow-up that provided 83 917 person-years of risk, yielded a minimum rate of leukemia that was significantly increased (six cases found, 2.26 expected; P=.028). The relative risk of leukemia in pituitary growth hormone recipients compared with the general population was 1.8 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 7.5) for the defined follow-up and 2.6 (90% CI, 1.2 to 5.2) for the extended follow-up. Five of the six subjects who developed leukemia had antecedent cranial tumors (four craniopharyngioma, one astrocytoma) as the cause of growth hormone deficiency, and four had received radiotherapy. There was no increase in leukemia in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. The association of leukemia and craniopharyngioma was significant (P<.001). There was no excess of lymphoma in the cohort. Conclusions.-This cohort of growth hormone recipients had a significantly increased rate of leukemia compared with the age-, race-, and gender-matched general population. However, the upper bound CI of the relative risk in our population (5.2) is well below the other estimates (7.6). Compared with the general population, our study population had more possible risk factors for leukemia (radiation, tumor) that may have contributed to the excess observed. The clustering of cases of leukemia in craniopharyngioma patients should be further evaluated. C1 NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP FRADKIN, JE (reprint author), NIDDKD,DIV DIABET ENDOCRINOL & METAB DIS,WESTWOOD BLDG,ROOM 621,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 23 BP 2829 EP 2832 DI 10.1001/jama.270.23.2829 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MK941 UT WOS:A1993MK94100032 PM 8133622 ER PT J AU TENHAGEN, TLM SULZER, AJ KIDD, MR LAL, AA HUNTER, RL AF TENHAGEN, TLM SULZER, AJ KIDD, MR LAL, AA HUNTER, RL TI ROLE OF ADJUVANTS IN THE MODULATION OF ANTIBODY ISOTYPE, SPECIFICITY, AND INDUCTION OF PROTECTION BY WHOLE BLOOD-STAGE PLASMODIUM-YOELII VACCINES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOCK POLYMER SURFACTANTS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; MALARIA; COPOLYMERS; MICE; VACCINATION; FALCIPARUM; SELECTION; ANTIGENS AB Mice were immunized with whole killed blood stage Plasmodium yoelii parasites in 15 adjuvant formulations then boosted and challenged with parasitized blood. Five of six groups immunized with the Ag in oil-in-water emulsions or formulations without oil were protected. Formulations that induced protection contained saponin, pertussis, copolymer P1004, and detoxified RaLPS. In contrast, none of nine groups of animals immunized with Ag in water-in-oil emulsions were protected. Ineffective adjuvants included CFA and water-in-squalene emulsions with copolymer L141 plus detoxified RaLPS, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and mycobacterial cell wall skeletons. Antibody was measured by ELISA against disrupted parasites and by indirect fluorescent antibody (immunofluorescence) using intact parasites. Protection was associated with antibody of the IgG2a isotype detected by immunofluorescence but not with other isotypes detected by immunofluorescence or any type antibody detected by ELISA. The water-in-oil adjuvants induced high titers by ELISA but low titers by immunofluorescence. These results, together with Western blot analyses, suggested that adjuvant vehicles control the specificity of antibody and that this, in turn, is essential for induction of protective immune responses in this model. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,762 WMB,1639 PIERCE DR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV UTRECHT,EIJKMAN WINKLER LAB MED MICROBIOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 151 IS 12 BP 7077 EP 7085 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA MM036 UT WOS:A1993MM03600047 PM 8258712 ER PT J AU KREBS, JW STRINE, TW CHILDS, JE AF KREBS, JW STRINE, TW CHILDS, JE TI RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1992 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In 1992, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/midAtlantic region and Southeastern region) are now approaching convergence in North Carolina (49 reported cases of rabies in 1992). Massachusetts (57 cases), New York City (41 cases), and New Hampshire (10 cases) became new additions to the epizootic in the Northeast, with Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont the only states in the region without cases associated with the raccoon strain of rabies. The state of New York (including New York City) reported 1,761 cases (79% in raccoons) of rabies, the largest number ever recorded for any state. Increases attributable to epizootics of rabies in other species were reported by Alaska (25 cases in 1992, compared with 12 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in foxes) and Kansas (374 cases in 1992, compared with 63 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in skunks). Reported cases of rabies in coyotes (75) increased 50% over those for 1991 (50 cases). In the southern portion of Texas (reporting 70 of the 75 cases in coyotes), there was a similar increase (55%) in reported cases of rabies in dogs, whereas nationally, reported cases of rabies in dogs (182) increased 17%. Twenty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1992, compared with 16 states in 1991. Hawaii was the only stare that did not report a case of rabies in 1992. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KREBS, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 12 BP 1718 EP 1731 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MM317 UT WOS:A1993MM31700029 PM 8307825 ER PT J AU PELLETIER, AR DIFERDINANDO, GT GREENBERG, AJ SOSIN, DM JONES, WD BLOCH, AB WOODLEY, CL AF PELLETIER, AR DIFERDINANDO, GT GREENBERG, AJ SOSIN, DM JONES, WD BLOCH, AB WOODLEY, CL TI TUBERCULOSIS IN A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; YORK-CITY; INFECTION; PRISON; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: After the identification of five suspected cases of tuberculosis (TB) in a Nassau County (New York) jail during a 3-week period, an epidemiologic investigation was begun to document the number of cases of TB infection and disease associated with the jail, the characteristics of current or former inmates with TB disease, and the factors contributing to TB transmission in the jail. Methods: The county TB register was matched against the inmate files of the jail. Medical records from hospitals, the health department, and the jail were then reviewed. All inmates in the jail were skin tested during a mass screening. Results: From January 1, 1988, through March 16, 1990, of 205 TB cases in the county, 49 (24%) were associated with the jail. Forty of the cases occurred among current or former inmates, one in a corrections officer, and eight among community contacts of inmates. The 40 inmates with TB were predominantly nonwhite (75%), unmarried (80%) men (90%), with a median age of 32 years. Twenty-three (58%) had a history of injecting drug use, and 14 (35%) were known to be seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Thirty (75%) of the inmates had culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. Five (29%) of 17 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates had the same phage type and DNA fingerprint, which was consistent with transmission of infection within the jail. The mass screening revealed that 374 (20%) of 1855 inmates were tuberculin positive. Conclusions: Without an effective program of TB control, jails can act as reservoirs of disease for inmates and staff, and for the community into which the inmates are released. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY. NASSAU CTY DEPT HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS CONTROL,MINEOLA,NY. RP PELLETIER, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 13 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 23 BP 2692 EP 2695 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.23.2692 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MW097 UT WOS:A1993MW09700010 PM 8250665 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, R SAVARIT, D KADJO, JC BATTER, V KONE, NV LARUCHE, G BONDURAND, A DECOCK, KM AF SCHUTZ, R SAVARIT, D KADJO, JC BATTER, V KONE, NV LARUCHE, G BONDURAND, A DECOCK, KM TI EXCLUDING BLOOD-DONORS AT HIGH-RISK OF HIV-INFECTION IN A WEST-AFRICAN CITY SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION; KINSHASA; ZAIRE AB Objective-To examine the potential impact of deferral of blood donors at high risk of HIV infection in a west African city where blood is screened for HIV antibodies but no other special measures are taken to protect the blood supply. Design-Cross sectional study. Setting-National Blood Transfusion Centre and Project RETRO-CI, an international collaborative AIDS research project, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Subjects-1257 male first time blood donors. Interventions-Blood donors were interviewed about demographic and behavioural characteristics and tested for HIV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and, if positive, synthetic peptide based tests. Main outcome measures-HIV antibody status in relation to presence of behavioural risk factors; calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of specific criteria for excluding HIV infected donors. Results-The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 11.4%. The most important risk factors for HIV positivity were prostitute contact and being aged 30-39 years. For identifying seropositive donors individual criteria had sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values ranging from 15% to 98%, 38% to 91%, and 17% to 30% respectively. Prostitute contact in the past five years would have excluded 31% of all donors and 73% of HIV infected donors. 27% of those excluded would have been HIV positive. Conclusions--The widespread assumption that donor deferral is not feasible in sub-Saharan Africa needs reassessment. In Abidjan this approach was well accepted and potentially effective. Donor deferral requires evaluation as a strategy for improving blood safety in resource poor areas with high rates of HIV infection. C1 CTR NATL TRANSFUS SANGUINE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. PROJET SANTE ABIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD DEC 11 PY 1993 VL 307 IS 6918 BP 1517 EP 1519 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ML869 UT WOS:A1993ML86900018 PM 8274919 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, M DOUGLAS, JM RHODES, F HANANEL, LD NAPOLITANO, E AF FISHBEIN, M DOUGLAS, JM RHODES, F HANANEL, LD NAPOLITANO, E TI DISTRIBUTION OF STD CLINIC PATIENTS ALONG A STAGES-OF-BEHAVIORAL-CHANGE CONTINUUM - SELECTED SITES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 880-883, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT PSYCHOL,COMMUNITY RES & SERV PROGRAM,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. DEPT PUBL HLTH,STD CONTROL PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,STD CONTROL PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SVCS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FISHBEIN, M (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 22 BP 2671 EP 2672 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ821 UT WOS:A1993MJ82100008 ER PT J AU SERRANO, Y FARUQUE, S LAUFFER, H CLATTS, M KIPKE, M LAFRANCE, S OCONNOR, SD LONG, A MILLS, S WILBER, J GEOFFREY, J CHENEY, R WIEBEL, W AF SERRANO, Y FARUQUE, S LAUFFER, H CLATTS, M KIPKE, M LAFRANCE, S OCONNOR, SD LONG, A MILLS, S WILBER, J GEOFFREY, J CHENEY, R WIEBEL, W TI ASSESSMENT OF STREET OUTREACH FOR HIV PREVENTION - SELECTED SITES, 1991-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 873, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VICTIMS SERV,NEW YORK,NY. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,DIV ADOLESCENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. AIDS PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. PHILADELPHIA HLTH MANAGEMENT CORP,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SVCS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SERRANO, Y (reprint author), ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 22 BP 2675 EP 2675 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ821 UT WOS:A1993MJ82100010 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, G ING, RT AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, G ING, RT TI SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME - WILL ESTABLISHING RISK-FACTORS SPURIOUSLY REDUCE INCIDENCE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 22 BP 2684 EP 2685 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ821 UT WOS:A1993MJ82100018 PM 8133582 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KE THACKER, SB AF STEINBERG, KE THACKER, SB TI ESTROGEN THERAPY AND THE RISK OF BREAST-CANCER - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP STEINBERG, KE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 22 BP 2686 EP 2686 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ821 UT WOS:A1993MJ82100023 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP KHAN, A IAMULHAQ KHAN, MA MINTZ, ED AF FISHERHOCH, SP KHAN, A IAMULHAQ KHAN, MA MINTZ, ED TI VIBRIO-CHOLERAE 0139 IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP FISHERHOCH, SP (reprint author), AGA KHAN UNIV,MED HOSP,KARACHI 74800,PAKISTAN. NR 6 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 4 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8884 BP 1422 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92780-W PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MK095 UT WOS:A1993MK09500037 PM 7901702 ER PT J AU THEA, DM STLOUIS, ME ATIDO, U KANJINGA, K KEMBO, B MATONDO, M TSHIAMALA, T KAMENGA, C DAVACHI, F BROWN, C RAND, WM KEUSCH, GT AF THEA, DM STLOUIS, ME ATIDO, U KANJINGA, K KEMBO, B MATONDO, M TSHIAMALA, T KAMENGA, C DAVACHI, F BROWN, C RAND, WM KEUSCH, GT TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF DIARRHEA AND HIV-1 INFECTION AMONG 429 ZAIRIAN INFANTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH; MALNUTRITION; ASSOCIATION; DURATION; MOTHERS; AIDS; BORN AB Background. Persistent diarrhea is a prominent feature of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in adults, but its cause and its effect on children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are largely unknown, particularly in Africa. Methods. We studied a birth cohort of 429 infants born to HIV-positive or HIV-negative mothers in Zaire to determine the incidence of acute, recurrent (greater-than-or-equal-to 2 episodes), and persistent (greater-than-or-equal-to 14 days) diarrhea; outcome; and risk factors. Results. Of the 238 infants whose mothers were HIV-positive, 53 were infected, 139 were uninfected, and the HIV status of 46 could not be determined. As compared with uninfected infants, infected infants had higher incidence rates for acute diarrhea (170 vs. 100 episodes per 100 child-years, P = 0.003), recurrent diarrhea (21 vs. 11, P = 0.12), and persistent diarrhea (19 vs. 4, P<0.003). Persistent diarrhea developed in 11 HIV-infected infants; all but 1 died. It also developed in 19 uninfected infants; all but 1 survived. The prevalence of stool pathogens was similar in the two groups. In a multivariate model, persistent diarrhea in an infant was independently associated with symptomatic HIV type 1 infection in the mother (relative hazard, 1.5; P = 0.08). The incidence of persistent diarrhea in the uninfected infants of seropositive mothers was nearly double that in the uninfected infants of seronegative mothers (4.9 vs. 2.7 episodes per 100 child-years), and the risk increased if the mother died (relative hazard, 10.4). Significant growth impairment and severe immunosuppression occurred in the six to eight weeks before the onset of persistent diarrhea. Conclusions. In Zaire, infants with HIV infection have an 11-fold increased risk of death from diarrhea, largely persistent diarrhea, which is often preceded by recurrent episodes of acute diarrhea, malnutrition, or immunosuppression. illness and death of the mother increase that risk, even among her uninfected infants. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV GEOG MED & INFECT DIS,BOX 041,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. INT COOPERAT AIDS RES UNIT,PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01-AI-26698] NR 27 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 2 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 23 BP 1696 EP 1702 DI 10.1056/NEJM199312023292304 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ707 UT WOS:A1993MJ70700004 PM 8232458 ER PT J AU LUCAS, SB HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C BEAUMEL, A DJOMAND, G NGBICHI, JM YEBOUE, K HONDE, M DIOMANDE, M GIORDANO, C DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K KESTENS, L SMITHWICK, R KADIO, A EZANI, N YAPI, A DECOCK, KM AF LUCAS, SB HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C BEAUMEL, A DJOMAND, G NGBICHI, JM YEBOUE, K HONDE, M DIOMANDE, M GIORDANO, C DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K KESTENS, L SMITHWICK, R KADIO, A EZANI, N YAPI, A DECOCK, KM TI THE MORTALITY AND PATHOLOGY OF HIV-INFECTION IN A WEST-AFRICAN CITY SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV-1; HIV-2; MORTALITY; AUTOPSY; AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS; BACTEREMIA; TOXOPLASMOSIS; CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; SLIM ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; IVORY-COAST; AIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE; UGANDA; ABIDJAN; DEATH AB Background: HIV disease is epidemic in Africa, but associated mortality, underlying pathology and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts have not previously been evaluated in a representative study. Such data help to determine the management of HIV-positive people. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections are prevalent in Cote d'Ivoire, and the pathology of HIV-2 infection in Africa is unclear. Methods: Consecutive adult medical admissions to a large city hospital in Cote d'Ivoire were studied in 1991, and a sample of HIV-positive deaths autopsied. Results: Of 5401 patients evaluated, 50% were HIV-positive; 38% of these died, with a median survival of 1 week. At autopsy (n=294, including 24% of HIV-positive deaths in hospital), tuberculosis (TB), bacteraemia (predominantly Gram-negative rods) and cerebral toxoplasmosis caused 53% of deaths. TB was seen in 54% of cadavers with AIDS-defining pathology and Pneumocystis pneumonia in 4%. The median CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in those who died was <90x10(6)/l. Compared with HIV-1-positives, patients with HIV-2-positivity had a greater frequency of severe cytomegalovirus infection, HIV encephalitis and cholangitis. Conclusions: In this population, HIV-positive adults present to hospital with advanced disease associated with high mortality. The three major underlying pathologies (TB, toxoplasmosis and bacteraemia) are either preventable or treatable. TB is an underestimated cause of the 'slim' syndrome in Africa. The patterns of pathology in HIV-2-positive patients suggest a more prolonged terminal course compared with HIV-1. There is an urgent need for attention towards the issues of therapy and care for HIV disease in developing countries. C1 PROJECT RETRO-CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP LUCAS, SB (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,UNIV ST,LONDON WC1E 6JJ,ENGLAND. FU Wellcome Trust NR 76 TC 441 Z9 447 U1 1 U2 16 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1569 EP 1579 DI 10.1097/00002030-199312000-00005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MJ797 UT WOS:A1993MJ79700005 PM 7904450 ER PT J AU HERSH, BS POPOVICI, F JEZEK, Z SATTEN, GA APETREI, RC BELDESCU, N GEORGE, JR SHAPIRO, CN GAYLE, HD HEYMANN, DL AF HERSH, BS POPOVICI, F JEZEK, Z SATTEN, GA APETREI, RC BELDESCU, N GEORGE, JR SHAPIRO, CN GAYLE, HD HEYMANN, DL TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HIV-INFECTION AMONG ABANDONED ROMANIAN CHILDREN SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE ROMANIA; HIV; AIDS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MEDICAL INJECTIONS ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; MEDICAL INJECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; AFRICA; PREVENTION; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To determine risk factors for HIV infection among abandoned Romanian infants and children living in a public institution. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 1990 among 101 children between 0 and 4 years of age living in an orphanage. Orphanage and hospital records were reviewed and a blood specimen for hepatitis B and HIV serologic testing obtained from each child. A case-control study was conducted using data from the cross-sectional study. Cases were HIV-positive children; one HIV-negative control, matched by age, was selected for each case. Results: Overall, 20 (20%) children were HIV-positive, 88 (87%) tested positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and 32 (32%) were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive. In the case-control study, HIV-positive children had received more therapeutic injections [mean, 280; median, 231] than age-matched HIV-negative children [mean; 142, median, 155; P=0.02]. Cases were more likely than controls to have received over 200 lifetime injections (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-32.7). Blood transfusions and mother-to-child transmission were excluded as routes of HIV transmission. By reviewing sterilization records and interviewing local health-care workers, we determined that needles and syringes were often re-used without proper disinfection in the orphanage. Conclusions: These data provide strong epidemiologic evidence that indiscriminate injections with contaminated needles and syringes were responsible for HIV transmission in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,DEPT PREVENT MED,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 49 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1617 EP 1624 DI 10.1097/00002030-199312000-00012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MJ797 UT WOS:A1993MJ79700012 PM 8286071 ER PT J AU HEYWARD, WL BATTER, VL MALULU, M MBUYI, N MBU, L STLOUIS, ME KAMENGA, M RYDER, RW AF HEYWARD, WL BATTER, VL MALULU, M MBUYI, N MBU, L STLOUIS, ME KAMENGA, M RYDER, RW TI IMPACT OF HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING AMONG CHILD-BEARING WOMEN IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING; WOMEN; ZAIRE ID CONDOM PROMOTION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; SEROCONVERSION; COUPLES; RATES AB Objective: To determine the impact of HIV counseling and testing among child-bearing women. Study setting: Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants and interventions: After informed consent, 187 HIV-seropositive and 177 HIV-seronegative child-bearing women received pre- and post-test counseling for HIV infection. Main outcome measures: Participant knowledge of HIV/AIDS and plans for notifying partners of serologic status and contraceptive use at the time of counseling, and actual partner involvement and contraception use 12 months later. Results: During pre-test counseling, participant knowledge of HIV infection was high, although 30% of women were unaware of perinatal HIV transmission, and 50% did not know that HIV infection could be asymptomatic. At post-test counseling, 70% of mothers (47% of HIV-seropositive, 94% of HIV-seronegative) intended to notify their partners and have joint counseling and testing, although after 12 months, only 2.2% of all women and 7.9% of those who desired assistance to notify their partner returned with their partners for joint counseling and testing. Similarly, 86% planned to use birth control (61% condoms), with HIV-seropositive women more likely to prefer condoms than HIV-seronegative women (71 versus 53%; P<0.001). After 12-months, however, only 20% of HIV-seropositive women reported condom use, and the frequency of pregnancy in both groups was approximately equal. Conclusions: HIV counseling and testing led to higher rates of contraceptive and condom use, although the actual level was lower than the intended use. To further reduce the risk of heterosexual and perinatal HIV transmission in families with an HIV-infected woman, counseling should also include their male partners. C1 PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP HEYWARD, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACTIV,MAILSTOP E-50,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1633 EP 1637 DI 10.1097/00002030-199312000-00014 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MJ797 UT WOS:A1993MJ79700014 PM 8286073 ER PT J AU JENSEN, PA TODD, WF HART, ME MICKELSEN, RL OBRIEN, DM AF JENSEN, PA TODD, WF HART, ME MICKELSEN, RL OBRIEN, DM TI EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF WORKER EXPOSURE TO FUNGI IN A BEET SUGAR REFINERY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; PENICILLIUM; SYSTEM AB A study of worker exposure to airborne fungi was undertaken in a sugar beet refinery to evaluate the level of exposure and to determine if controls could be implemented that would lower these exposures. A previous study at this refinery identified one worker who reacted on challenge testing to the moldy but not the fresh sugar beet pulp, had specific Immunoglobulin G to Aspergillus niger, and specific Immunoglobulin E to Aspergillus. Also, two employees were diagnosed with occupational asthma. In the study reported here, two field surveys were conducted, the first during the sugar production campaign (January) and the second during postproduction cleanup and maintenance (June). Approximately 65 personal and area air samples were collected on polycarbonate filters and the culturable fungal spores were identified and enumerated. This study showed high exposure of pellet loaders and pellet silo workers to various species of Aspergillus. Other fungal species that might pose a health hazard were detected. Exposures to fungi during the postproduction cleanup and maintenance phase were much higher than those measured during the production campaign. Engineering controls that would reduce employee exposure are discussed. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV OCCUPAT HLTH,SAGINAW,MI 48607. RP JENSEN, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI,ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 742 EP 748 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MP505 UT WOS:A1993MP50500007 PM 8304278 ER PT J AU SHORT, LJ BELL, DM AF SHORT, LJ BELL, DM TI RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL INFECTION WITH BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS IN OPERATING AND DELIVERY ROOM SETTINGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Surveillance data and case reports substantiate that health care workers are at risk for occupationally acquired infection with blood-borne pathogens. The risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens to a health care worker depends on the prevalence of blood-borne pathogen infection among patients, the likelihood of transmission of infection per blood contact, and the nature and frequency of occupational blood contacts. In surgical and obstetrical settings, blood contact varies with occupation, specialty, procedures performed, and precautions used. Many contacts appear to be preventable by changes in technique or instrument design and by use of protective barriers. Studies are needed to assess the impact of such interventions. RP SHORT, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 6 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0196-6553(93)90400-X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MP523 UT WOS:A1993MP52300013 PM 8122808 ER PT J AU KONEN, J SHIHABI, Z NEWMAN, J AF KONEN, J SHIHABI, Z NEWMAN, J TI THE ASSOCIATION OF NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION WITH URINARY-EXCRETION OF ALBUMIN AND TRANSFERRIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ALBUMIN; TRANSFERRIN; DIABETES-MELLITUS; NEPHROPATHY; MICROALBUMINURIA ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; MICROALBUMINURIA; MICROTRANSFERRINURIA; IMPACT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27157. RP KONEN, J (reprint author), WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,MED CTR BLVD,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27157, USA. FU PHS HHS [U32CCU-403318] NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 791 EP 797 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA MK124 UT WOS:A1993MK12400003 PM 8250024 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD AF JACKSON, LA PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD TI CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES - AN ANALYSIS OF 3 NATIONAL DATABASES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY AB Objectives. Current knowledge of the epidemiology of cat scratch disease is based primarily on information from case series. We used three national databases to obtain more representative data to determine the incidence and demographics of cat scratch disease. Methods. Records coded with the diagnosis of cat scratch disease rom two hospital discharge data-bases and an ambulatory care data-base were analyzed. Costs of diagnostic tests and hospitalization were obtained from a sample of providers and published data. Results. The incidence of patients discharged from hospitals with a diagnosis of cat scratch disease was between 0.77 and 0.86 per 100 000 population per year. Fifty-five percent of the case patients were 18 years of age or younger. Males accounted for 60% of cases. Incidence varied by season; approximately 60% of case patients were discharged in the months September through January. The estimated incidence of disease in ambulatory patients was 9.3 per 100 000 population per year. On the basis of these rates, we estimated the annual health care cost of the disease to be more than $12 million. Conclusions. The rates and seasonality of cat scratch disease found in this study were consistent with previous reports. Adults represented a higher percentage of the total than reported in previous case series, suggesting that the disease may affect more adults than previously recognized. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 160 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1707 EP 1711 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.12.1707 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MM041 UT WOS:A1993MM04100013 PM 8259799 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, C BANERJEE, S JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, C BANERJEE, S JARVIS, WR TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AND MORTALITY AMONG UNITED-STATES NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; REHABILITATION; FACILITIES; PREVALENCE AB Data collected in the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey were analyzed to identify risk factors for infections and mortality and to explore their relationship in US nursing homes. An infection was recorded in 166 609 (14%) discharges. Risk of pneumonia was found to be higher among bedbound patients (54.5 vs 13.1 per IOD discharges); urinary tract and other infections were most frequent among residents with indwelling catheters (6.6 vs 1.0 per 100 discharges). Residents with pneumonia were more likely than those with other infections to die (35% vs 28%), or be discharged to hospitals if alive (94% vs 66%). Thus, immobility and catheterization were associated with infections in US nursing homes, and pneumonia was found to contribute to mortality. RP BECKSAGUE, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,BLDG 3 B-49A,STOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1739 EP 1742 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.12.1739 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MM041 UT WOS:A1993MM04100020 PM 8259806 ER PT J AU GALAVOTTI, C BEEKER, C AF GALAVOTTI, C BEEKER, C TI CHANGING HIV RISK BEHAVIORS - THE CASE AGAINST PESSIMISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CONDOM PROMOTION; WOMEN; SCIENCE; SPONGE; AIDS RP GALAVOTTI, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MS K-34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1791 EP 1792 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.12.1791 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MM041 UT WOS:A1993MM04100036 PM 8259821 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, MT BUEHLER, JW QUALTERS, JR CHU, SY AF MCKENNA, MT BUEHLER, JW QUALTERS, JR CHU, SY TI HIV AND TRENDS IN CERVICAL-CANCER DEATH RATES AMONG YOUNG-WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HWY,NE K55,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1792 EP 1793 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.12.1792-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MM041 UT WOS:A1993MM04100038 PM 8259823 ER PT J AU LETSON, GW BAILEY, RE PEARSON, J TSAI, TF AF LETSON, GW BAILEY, RE PEARSON, J TSAI, TF TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS (EEE) - A DESCRIPTION OF THE 1989 OUTBREAK, RECENT EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS, AND THE ASSOCIATION OF RAINFALL WITH EEE OCCURRENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY; PATTERNS; PRESSURE; USA AB An Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) outbreak in 1989 led to nine human and 196 equine cases, chiefly in coastal Atlantic and Gulf Coast counties. In the past two decades, EEE age-specific incidence and mortality rates have declined compared with earlier years. Analysis of rainfall patterns in areas where human EEE cases occurred between 1983 and 1989 revealed an association between occurrence of human cases and excess rainfall. The association was stronger with data from local weather stations than from statewide rainfall averages and the predictive models were best when applied to northern states. The sensitivity and specificity of these measures varied, depending on the model used, but the positive predictive value was no better than 50%, regardless of the rainfall model applied. C1 USDA ARS,NATL VET DIAGNOST LAB,ANIM PLANT & HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP LETSON, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 49 IS 6 BP 677 EP 685 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MR261 UT WOS:A1993MR26100004 PM 8279635 ER PT J AU BRYAN, RT WEBER, R AF BRYAN, RT WEBER, R TI MICROSPORIDIA - EMERGING PATHOGENS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT PERSONS SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; DIAGNOSIS; AIDS; DIARRHEA C1 UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP BRYAN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 117 IS 12 BP 1243 EP 1245 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MX206 UT WOS:A1993MX20600013 PM 8250696 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS WATTIGNEY, WA SRINIVASAN, S NEWMAN, WP TRACY, RE BYERS, T BERENSON, GS AF FREEDMAN, DS WATTIGNEY, WA SRINIVASAN, S NEWMAN, WP TRACY, RE BYERS, T BERENSON, GS TI THE RELATION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS TO ANTEMORTEM AND POSTMORTEM LIPID-LEVELS - THE BOGALUSA HEART-STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; CHILDREN; FATTY STREAKS; FIBROUS PLAQUES ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; RISK-FACTORS; BIRACIAL COMMUNITY; LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; BLOOD-LIPIDS; CHILDREN; AUTOPSY; PLASMA; TRIGLYCERIDE; ADULTHOOD AB Although postmortem lipid levels have been used as surrogates for levels during life, it is uncertain whether atherosclerotic lesions are related similarly to antemortem and postmortem lipid values. In a sample of 23 children and young adults who had been examined for cardiovascular disease risk factors and subsequently died from violent causes, we examined the relation of (a) postmortem lipid levels to values obtained 1 to 14 years earlier, and (b) atherosclerotic lesions to antemortem and postmortem lipid levels. Postmortem levels of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC) were higher than levels during life, but postmortem levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were related to antemortem levels (r(s) > 0.40). After excluding eight persons who likely received large volumes of intravenous fluids before death, the within-person variability between antemortem and postmortem levels of LDLC and HDLC was similar to the antemortem variability. Furthermore, the relation of atherosclerotic lesions to antemortem and postmortem lipid levels differed only slightly for TC, LDLC and HDLC. In contrast, lesions in the coronary arteries showed the strongest association with antemortem VLDLC levels, but were not associated with postmortem VLDLC levels. Despite the very small number of subjects, our results suggest that if intravenous fluids are not administered before death, postmortem levels of TC, LDLC and HDLC are fairly representative of levels during life. Postmortem levels of VLDLC or triglycerides, however, should not be used as surrogates for antemortem levels. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT APPL HLTH SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-33746, HL-08974, HL-38844] NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 1993 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90174-S PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MR226 UT WOS:A1993MR22600004 PM 8141849 ER PT J AU CRAINIC, R KEW, O AF CRAINIC, R KEW, O TI EVOLUTION AND POLYMORPHISM OF POLIOVIRUS GENOMES SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; VACCINE STRAIN; POLIOMYELITIS; REPLICATION; SEQUENCES; NEUROVIRULENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERADICATION; ATTENUATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CRAINIC, R (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,RUE DR ROUX,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1006/biol.1993.1099 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NC311 UT WOS:A1993NC31100013 PM 8024754 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L AF STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L TI AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF WORKERS POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-1072 J9 BRIT J IND MED PD DEC PY 1993 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1125 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK331 UT WOS:A1993MK33100010 PM 8280646 ER PT J AU KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K TANAKA, N BARNART, ER ALEXANDER, LR PATTERSON, DG AF KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K TANAKA, N BARNART, ER ALEXANDER, LR PATTERSON, DG TI EVALUATION OF NITROPHENYL-BONDED SILICA FOR REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE SEPARATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN ISOMERS SO BUNSEKI KAGAKU LA Japanese DT Article DE SEPARATION OF DIOXIN ISOMERS; DIOXIN; REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITROPHENYL BONDED PHASE ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STATIONARY PHASES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELECTIVITY; RETENTION AB Several nitrophenylsilylated silicas were prepared, and the chromatographic properties were compared with those of C-18 and phrenylethyl bonded silica (PYE). 3-(p-Nitrophenoxy)propylsilyated silica (NPO) and 2-(nitrophenyl)ethyl bonded silica (NPE) showed preferential retention for dinitrobenzenes and chlorobenzenes with substituents positioned as close as possible based on the dipole-dipole interaction. The NPO showed greater selectivity than NPE. In contrast, PYE preferentially retained isomers with more symmetrical substitution. The use of NPO, in combination with the PYE phase, allowed not only the separation of all of the polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin isomer mixtures coproduced during the synthesis, but also a structural assignment for each separated peak. C1 KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KIMATA, K (reprint author), NACALAI TESQUE,17 KAIDE CHO,MUKO,KYOTO 617,JAPAN. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEM PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO 141, JAPAN SN 0525-1931 J9 BUNSEKI KAGAKU JI Bunseki Kagaku PD DEC PY 1993 VL 42 IS 12 BP 837 EP 843 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MM443 UT WOS:A1993MM44300009 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF BASS, JB AF HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF BASS, JB TI THE TUBERCULIN SKIN-TEST SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; CONVERSION; ANTIGENS; ANERGY C1 UNIV SO ALABAMA,COLL MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,MOBILE,AL 36688. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 548 Z9 569 U1 4 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 6 BP 968 EP 975 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ML918 UT WOS:A1993ML91800002 PM 8110954 ER PT J AU DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW AF DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANABOLIC-STEROID USE, STRENGTH TRAINING, AND MULTIPLE-DRUG USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL GEORGIA, DEPT PEDIAT, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP A745 EP A745 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MN948 UT WOS:A1993MN94800160 ER PT J AU ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL HOLLOWAY, B MURTAGH, JJ AF ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL HOLLOWAY, B MURTAGH, JJ TI DETECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 IN SERONEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS BY AN EXONUCLEASE-COUPLED AMPLIFICATION REACTION SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP A766 EP A766 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MN948 UT WOS:A1993MN94800278 ER PT J AU FORTENBERRY, JD BHARDWAJ, V BLAND, L CORNISH, D NIEMER, P WRIGHT, J AF FORTENBERRY, JD BHARDWAJ, V BLAND, L CORNISH, D NIEMER, P WRIGHT, J TI EFFECTS OF NEONATAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION (ECMO) ON NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION AND CYTOKINE LEVELS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP A783 EP A783 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MN948 UT WOS:A1993MN94800369 ER PT J AU OH, MK BERMAN, S CLOUD, GA FLEENOR, M BAILEY, D PASS, RF AF OH, MK BERMAN, S CLOUD, GA FLEENOR, M BAILEY, D PASS, RF TI POPULATION SPECIFIC TARGETED STD PROGRAM FOR HIGH-RISK ADOLESCENTS - WHY DID IT WORK SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ALABAMA,JEFFERSON CTY DEPT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP A779 EP A779 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MN948 UT WOS:A1993MN94800342 ER PT J AU MOYENUDDIN, M WACHSMUTH, K HOUGHTON, JE AHEARN, DG AF MOYENUDDIN, M WACHSMUTH, K HOUGHTON, JE AHEARN, DG TI POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC FACTORS PRODUCED BY A CLINICAL NONTOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE 01 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ADULT MICE; TOXIN; VIRULENCE; TNPHOA; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; ENTEROTOXIN AB A clinical isolate of nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 that caused intestinal fluid accumulation (FA) in adult mice produced proteolytic, hemolytic, and cytotoxic activities in in vitro assays. The linkage of these secreted factors to the FA activity was studied by transposon (TnphoA) mutagenesis. Ten of the 12 TnphoA insertion mutants that were defective for proteolytic activity produced FA, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities; the remaining two mutants lost these latter three activities. These results indicate that FA activity is independent of proteolytic activity but closely associated with cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. Our results with the adult mouse model and a nontoxigenic V. cholerae 01 are in general agreement with previous studies that demonstrated linkage of cytotoxin and hemolysin of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 with FA activity in rabbit ileal loops. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,BIOL SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1007/BF01568956 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MF304 UT WOS:A1993MF30400004 ER PT J AU KITAMURA, K RUDOLPH, DL GOLDSMITH, C FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF KITAMURA, K RUDOLPH, DL GOLDSMITH, C FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II IN CULTURE SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HTLV-I; INFECTION; MYELOPATHY; EXPRESSION; I/II; LYMPHOCYTES; INDIVIDUALS AB Highly sensitive coculture methods were developed both for isolation of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) from infected individuals and for productive infection of lymphoid cells. Mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 13 HTLV-I- and 20 HTLV-II-positive specimens were cocultured with an equal number of mitogen-activated PBMC from HTLV-seronegative individuals, and culture supernatants were tested for the presence of soluble p24gag antigens at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Eleven of 13 (85%) HTLV-I and 14 of 20 (70%) HTLV-II cultures were positive for p24 antigens. None of the 17 HTLV-seroindeterminate or six HTLV-seronegative specimens were positive for the presence of p24 antigen. The isolation rates for HTLV-I and HTLV-II by an alternative whole-blood lysis procedure were comparable to those obtained by standard PBMC cultures. Furthermore, cocultivation of PHA-stimulated PBMC from healthy donors with lethally irradiated HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines (SP and Mo-T, respectively) resulted in productive viral infection, as reflected by the appearance of p24gag antigens concomitant with specific genomic amplification of HTLV proviral DNA after 3 weeks of cocultivation. Thus, the cocultivation technique provides a highly sensitive and specific procedure both for HTLV isolation and for infection of target cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1007/BF01568960 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MF304 UT WOS:A1993MF30400008 PM 7764258 ER PT J AU ALSTON, PG AF ALSTON, PG TI ENVIRONMENT ONLINE - UPDATE 93 SO DATABASE LA English DT Article RP ALSTON, PG (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 462 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-2126 SN 0162-4105 J9 DATABASE JI Database PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA MH947 UT WOS:A1993MH94700005 ER PT J AU MUNETA, B NEWMAN, J WETTERALL, S STEVENSON, J AF MUNETA, B NEWMAN, J WETTERALL, S STEVENSON, J TI DIABETES AND ASSOCIATED RISK-FACTORS AMONG NATIVE-AMERICANS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Note AB OBJECTIVE- To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and related risk factors among Native Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used 1988-1989 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to calculate the overall, age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes, obesity, sedentary life-style, hypertension, and smoking among Native Americans. The SESUDAAN software package was used to derive confidence intervals. RESULTS- The prevalence of diabetes was 11.6% among the 768 Native American Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents (95% confidence interval 7.8-15.4) and 4.7% among the 121,986 white respondents (95% confidence interval 4.6-4.8). The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 2.5 times higher among Native Americans than among whites. The prevalence of obesity was higher among Native Americans (34.4; 95% confidence interval 31.7-37.1) than among whites (23.9%; confidence interval 23.7-24.1). The prevalences of sedentary lifestyle (58%), hypertension (16%), and smoking (28%) were similar among both populations. CONCLUSIONS- The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System may prove as a useful tool for surveying Native Americans living on and off reservations for inclusion in national estimates of diabetes prevalences. RP MUNETA, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1619 EP 1620 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.12.1619 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MJ773 UT WOS:A1993MJ77300013 PM 8299459 ER PT J AU ZHANG, W AUSTIN, GE FARHI, DC ZAKI, SR AF ZHANG, W AUSTIN, GE FARHI, DC ZAKI, SR TI DETECTION OF LEUKEMIC BLASTS IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD SPECIMENS BY REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY FOR MYELOPEROXIDASE MESSENGER-RNA SO DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYELOPEROXIDASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CLASSIFICATION AB The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), an important constituent of granulocytes, is used clinically in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia. Whereas MPO protein or enzyme activity is detectable in mature granulocytes, MPO RNA is present only in myeloblasts or promyelocytes. Some undifferentiated, biphenotypic, or lymphoblastic leukemias, although lacking MPO enzyme activity, express low levels of MPO RNA, a fact that may be of prognostic and therapeutic importance. However, current methods are inadequate for reliably detecting low levels of MPO RNA in leukemic cells containing few copies of the message. We have developed a new and highly sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detecting low levels of MPO RNA in peripheral blood specimens of leukemic patients. This report describes the assay, and demonstrates its potential applicability to the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemias. C1 ATLANTA VET ADM MED CTR,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV 113,1670 CLAIRMONT RD NE,DECATUR,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1052-9551 J9 DIAGN MOL PATHOL JI Diagn. Mol. Pathol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 2 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1097/00019606-199312000-00009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology GA ML349 UT WOS:A1993ML34900009 PM 8118606 ER PT J AU DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D AF DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D TI AN EXPOSURE-RESPONSE METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM HEALTH-EFFECTS OF THE BHOPAL GAS DISASTER SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOCYANATE; POPULATION AB Approximately 200,006 persons were exposed to methyl isocyanate in the Bhopal Gas leak in Bhopal, India. 4037 deaths have resulted and 30 per cent of the population are estimated to be suffering from long-term health effects. Though inflammatory damage to the eyes and lungs is the main cause of morbidity, other systems are also reported to be affected. For a disaster of this magnitude, there is a relative paucity of medical information. Very little information has been published on the late recovery period, a phase in which the detection of chronic and long-term effects is vital. Early cross-sectional studies suffer from a number of defects in study design, including validity and precision of exposure and outcome variables, selection of study and control groups, etc. By using exposure concentrations derived from Singh's analytic dispersion model, this paper outlines a strategy for doing community epidemiology in Bhopal using exposure strata for sampling. Pulmonary dose can be estimated from exposure concentration, duration and activity during exposure. For respiratory end-points, a sample size of 100/stratum will ensure study power of 90 per cent. Using multiple linear regression, data from the study can be used to build a model for prediction of lung function parameters. Exposure-stratified sampling techniques may provide valid estimates of exposure-response without including the total exposed community. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT WORK ENVIRONM,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP DHARA, VR (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,E-31,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00502.x PG 10 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA MK367 UT WOS:A1993MK36700001 PM 20958771 ER PT J AU HARTLE, R AF HARTLE, R TI EXPOSURE TO METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND BENZENE AMONG SERVICE STATION ATTENDANTS AND OPERATORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Health Effects of Gasoline CY NOV 05-08, 1991 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER PETR INST, ASSOC SWEDISH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS & WHOLESALERS, HLTH EFFECTS INST, INST EVALUAT HLTH RISKS, INST PETR, JAPAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOC US, PETR ASSOC JAPAN, US EPA, W STATES PETR ASSOC AB Concerns for atmospheric pollution from auto exhaust have led to the blending of ''oxygenates'' with motor fuels. The most common oxygenate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is curl-entry required within several metropolitan areas (Denver and Phoenix) in the range of 12% of the motor fuel. Amendments to the Clean Air Act may expand this requirement to as many as 44 other areas of the United States in the near future. In consideration of the magnitude of potential uncontrolled exposures from its extensive use and a related concern involving the potential influence of MTBE blending on exposures to other constituents of gasoline (particularly benzene), an evaluation of exposures among service station attendants and operators was undertaken at the request, and in cooperation with, the American Petroleum Institute during the latter part of 1990. For application of the survey results to a broad audience, three categories or types of service stations were identified with regard to MTBE use and exposure potential: a) service stations that do not use MTBE or use it only as an octane enhancer, b) service stations with seasonal requirements to use 12-15% MTBE (the Denver, Colorado, and Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan areas), and c) service stations equipped with stage II (active) vapor recovery systems (several coastal areas, most notably Southern California). At the two sampled service stations that use only minimal amounts of MTBE (less than 1%) only 1 of 32 personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples from attendants was above the analytical limit of detection, reported at 0.16 ppm. The geometric mean concentration of benzene among this same population (n = 32) was 0.04 ppm. At the two sampled stations with requirements to use oxygenated fuel, geometric mean MTBE and benzene concentrations were 0.30 and 0.04 ppm, respectively (n = 41). At the two stations equipped with stage II vapor recovery, 16 of 48 PBZ samples for MTBE were detectable, with a geometric mean concentration of 0.09 ppm. The geometric mean benzene concentration at these facilities was 0.06 ppm (n = 48). RP HARTLE, R (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-11,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 4 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 101 SU 6 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MY181 UT WOS:A1993MY18100004 PM 8020445 ER PT J AU HEMPHILL, ML ROTA, PA IVANOVA, VT SLEPUSHKIN, AN KENDAL, AP AF HEMPHILL, ML ROTA, PA IVANOVA, VT SLEPUSHKIN, AN KENDAL, AP TI ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC ANALYSES OF INFLUENZA TYPE-B VIRUSES ISOLATED IN RUSSIA, 1987-91 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; VARIANTS; LINEAGES AB Four influenza type B viruses isolated in Russia during periods of relatively low (1987-8) or high (1990-1) influenza B activity were characterized antigenically using a microneutralization assay. These isolates were antigenically similar to contemporary reference strains from either of two separate lineages represented by B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88. The evolutionary relationships of the variable portion of the haemagglutinin (HA1) genes of these viruses were determined by comparison with influenza B HA1 sequences previously obtained. The Isolate B/USSR/2/87, collected during the 1987-8 influenza season, was found to be closely related to viruses on the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage that circulated during the 1988-9 influenza season in the United States. Sequence analysis of the isolates from the 1990-1 influenza season demonstrated co-circulation of viruses from both the B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages in Russia, confirming the antigenic analysis. C1 DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. RP HEMPHILL, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 111 IS 3 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MQ156 UT WOS:A1993MQ15600013 PM 8270013 ER PT J AU BRINTON, LA HERRERO, R REEVES, WC DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E TENORIO, F AF BRINTON, LA HERRERO, R REEVES, WC DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E TENORIO, F TI RISK-FACTORS FOR CERVICAL-CANCER BY HISTOLOGY SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; UTERINE CERVIX; PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA; YOUNG-WOMEN; ENDOCERVIX; PROGNOSIS; FEATURES C1 CAJA COSTARRICENSE SEGURO SOCIAL,DEPT MED PREVENT,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. INST ONCOL NACL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. INST NACL CANCEROL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. HOSP NACL ONCOL,INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP BRINTON, LA (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 51 IS 3 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1006/gyno.1993.1294 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MW768 UT WOS:A1993MW76800003 PM 8112636 ER PT J AU MERCY, JA ROSENBERG, ML POWELL, KE BROOME, CV ROPER, WL AF MERCY, JA ROSENBERG, ML POWELL, KE BROOME, CV ROPER, WL TI PUBLIC-HEALTH POLICY FOR PREVENTING VIOLENCE SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HOME; VICTIMIZATION; ASSAULTS; SUICIDE; RATES; ABUSE AB The current epidemic of violence in America threatens not only our physical health but also the integrity of basic social institutions such as the family, the communities in which we live, and our health care system. Public health brings a new vision of how Americans can work together to prevent violence. This new vision places emphasis on preventing violence before it occurs, making science integral to identifying effective policies and programs, and integrating the efforts of diverse scientific disciplines, organizations, and communities. A sustained effort at all levels of society will be required to successfully address this complex and deeply rooted problem. RP MERCY, JA (reprint author), NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENT TEAM,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 82 TC 154 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 14 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 7 EP 29 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.12.4.7 PG 23 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA MQ976 UT WOS:A1993MQ97600003 PM 8125450 ER PT J AU EDELMAN, P SATCHER, D AF EDELMAN, P SATCHER, D TI VIOLENCE PREVENTION AS A PUBLIC-HEALTH PRIORITY SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.12.4.123 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA MQ976 UT WOS:A1993MQ97600011 PM 8125431 ER PT J AU VANASSEMA, P PIETERSE, M KOK, G ERIKSEN, M DEVRIES, H AF VANASSEMA, P PIETERSE, M KOK, G ERIKSEN, M DEVRIES, H TI THE DETERMINANTS OF 4 CANCER-RELATED RISK BEHAVIORS SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; EDUCATION STRATEGIES; NUTRITION EDUCATION; HEALTH-EDUCATION; ATTITUDES; PROGRAM; SMOKING; IMPACT; SALES AB This paper reports research into the determinants of four cancer-related risk behaviours: smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high fat consumption and exposure to artificial sunlight. The results indicate that the four types of risk behaviour are determined by several factors: the perceived behaviour of the social environment, individual's attitudes towards the risk behaviour and self-efficacy perceptions on changing the risk behaviour. High fat consumption differs from the other risk behaviours in that people tend not to be aware of their high fat consumption. No significant relationships were found among the risk behaviours apart from small correlations between smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, and between high fat consumption and heavy alcohol consumption. The implications of these results for the development of behaviour change programs are discussed. C1 UNIV TWENTE,DEPT PSYCHOL,ENSCHEDE,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANASSEMA, P (reprint author), UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT HLTH EDUC,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Kok, Gerjo/F-4445-2012 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK386 UT WOS:A1993MK38600002 PM 10146560 ER PT J AU GALINSKY, TL ROSA, RR WARM, JS DEMBER, WN AF GALINSKY, TL ROSA, RR WARM, JS DEMBER, WN TI PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETERMINANTS OF STRESS IN SUSTAINED ATTENTION SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE; PERFORMANCE; OPERATORS; SYMPTOMS; TASK AB To date, research on the stress of sustained attention tasks has not explored the extent to which such stress is determined by the psychophysical aspects of the monitored display. In the present study, the effects of the sensory modality of signals (audition and vision) and the background event rate (5 and 40 events/min) on task-induced stress were examined in a vigilance situation. Critical signals for detection were slight changes in stimulus duration. Stress was indexed by motor restlessness and subjective reports of fatigue. Restlessness and subjective fatigue increased dramatically across a 50-min watch in all conditions. Stress effects were most notable in the case of visual monitoring but were unrelated to variations in event rate. Hence, from a psychophysical perspective, the stress of sustained attention seems to be identified more specifically with the sensory modality of signals than with the event rate context in which they appear. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP GALINSKY, TL (reprint author), NIOSH,APPL PSYCHOL & ERGONOM BRANCH,RABERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 4 BP 603 EP 614 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA NA405 UT WOS:A1993NA40500002 PM 7909308 ER PT J AU INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR PELLETT, PE AF INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR PELLETT, PE TI MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES 6A AND 6B SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Review DE HERPESVIRUSES; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6A; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6B; HHV-6; HHV-6A; HHV-6B; VIRAL EVOLUTION; DNA REPLICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; GLYCOPROTEINS ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; ORIGIN-BINDING-PROTEIN; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS US22-GENE FAMILY; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; B-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; DNA-POLYMERASE; LYMPHOCYTES-T; UNIQUE REGION AB Human herpesvirus 6 variant A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6 variant B (HHV-6B) are closely related herpesviruses. No disease has been specifically associated with HHV-6A, whereas HHV-6B is the major etiologic agent of exanthem subitum. Both viruses may be opportunistic pathogens in the immunocompromised patient. HHV-6 genomes have low G+C contents for herpesviruses (43%); they consist of a 141-kb unique segment that is flanked by single copies of a directly repeated sequence that can vary from 10 to 13 kb. HHV-6A and HHV-6B encode homologs of many conserved herpesvirus proteins and are classified as beta-herpesviruses based on their close genetic relationship with human cytomegalovirus. HHV-6A and HHV-6B are even more closely related to the recently discovered human herpesvirus 7. HHV-6 encodes homologs of the seven genes that are essential for origin-dependent herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication, including the origin-binding protein, which has no clear homolog in human cytomegalovirus. The HHV-6B origin-binding protein binds to sequences with similarities to alpha-herpesvirus replication origins that lie within a genomic segment that can serve as a replication origin in transient replication assays. Both HHV-6 variants encode homologs of the adeno-associated virus type 2 Rep protein; the role of this protein during infection is unknown. HHV-6 induces synthesis of a broad range of host cell proteins, including interferon alpha, CD4, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and also induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR promoter. Little is known about the process by which HHV-6 regulates gene expression. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST HLTH,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES & DEV,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 146 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 2 IS 6 BP 343 EP 360 PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NH243 UT WOS:A1993NH24300001 PM 8012736 ER PT J AU TOOMEY, KE MORAN, JS RAFFERTY, MP BECKETT, GA AF TOOMEY, KE MORAN, JS RAFFERTY, MP BECKETT, GA TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-INSURANCE; MEDICAL-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; MINORITY POPULATIONS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT MED,DIV HLTH SERV & POLICY RES,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,PORTLAND,ME. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD-HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TOOMEY, KE (reprint author), GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT BRANCH,2 PEACHTREE ST,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 115 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 739 EP 752 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MN575 UT WOS:A1993MN57500002 PM 8106727 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO PETERMAN, TA AF ARAL, SO PETERMAN, TA TI DEFINING BEHAVIORAL-METHODS TO PREVENT SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES THROUGH INTERVENTION RESEARCH SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; URBAN TEENAGERS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMUNITY; PREGNANCY; PROGRAM; PROJECT; AIDS; INTENTIONS; ATTITUDES RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 861 EP 873 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MN575 UT WOS:A1993MN57500008 PM 8106733 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK ARMENIAN, HK OGANESSIAN, A AF NOJI, EK ARMENIAN, HK OGANESSIAN, A TI ISSUES OF RESCUE AND MEDICAL-CARE FOLLOWING THE 1988 ARMENIAN EARTHQUAKE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; NATURAL DISASTERS; SOVIET ARMENIA; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; INJURIES; NEEDS AB On-site emergency care and rescue efforts may be critical in preventing disability and other serious consequences of disasters. In this report we compare efforts used in the rescue and emergency medical care of 189 people (case subjects) from Kumairy (Leninakan), Armenia, who were hospitalized with serious injuries following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988, with efforts used in helping 68 people (controls) from Kumairy with mild injuries who were not hospitalized. We used a standardized interview questionnaire to ascertain the circumstances of entrapment, the rescue process used, the injuries the victims sustained, and the medical care they received. Case and control subjects shared similar social and demographic characteristics; however, case subjects waited longer to be rescued and to receive medical care than did control subjects. Of the people who said they were trapped, 66.2% of the case subjects and 41.2% of the control subjects said that they were trapped for >1 hour (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.52-5.13) whilst the OR for >6 hours of entrapment was 3.88 (95% CI : 1.69-9.10). Of those requiring medical care, 28.6% of people who were hospitalized waited >1 hour after rescue to receive medical care, compared with only 14.7% of the control subjects (OR = 2.32, 95% CI : 1.05-5.23). In addition to the case-control study, we collected data on general characteristics of the rescue and emergency medical care process. We found that most of the trapped people were rescued by untrained local inhabitants who most often used their hands or simple tools. Only 2.5% of the trapped survivors were rescued by Soviet specialists in urban search and rescue, and fewer than 1% were rescued by specialized foreign rescue groups. Many of the surviving injured victims (43.5%) did not receive their first medical care until they arrived at a hospital. Of the people with serious injuries, 37% walked to hospitals or were transported by private cars, and 24% were transported by plane or helicopter. Of those who received some sort of medical treatment, more than 60% underwent an orthopaedic procedure and 56.7% required only minor procedures. Only 1.6% required surgery. The results of this study highlight, once more, the importance of local disaster preparedness and proper on-site emergency care. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. MINIST HLTH,CTR REPUBL INFORMAT COMP,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1076 DI 10.1093/ije/22.6.1070 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MU551 UT WOS:A1993MU55100013 PM 8144288 ER PT J AU BORDA, IA KILBOURNE, EM DELAPAZ, MP RUIZNAVARRO, MD SANCHEZ, RG FALK, H AF BORDA, IA KILBOURNE, EM DELAPAZ, MP RUIZNAVARRO, MD SANCHEZ, RG FALK, H TI MORTALITY AMONG PEOPLE AFFECTED BY TOXIC OIL SYNDROME SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE; RAPESEED OIL; SPAIN; INGESTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The authors conducted a mailed questionnaire survey of a 5% sample of the cohort of 20 643 people officially recognized by the Spanish government as having had toxic oil syndrome, a previously undescribed illness that was epidemic in Spain in 1981. After three mailings of a letter and questionnaire, responses for only 66% of the sample had been received. Nevertheless, responses were obtained from virtually all remaining patients (or surrogates for them in the cases of patients that had died) when they were sought by telephone. In 1981, there was clear-cut excess mortality in the cohort (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 6.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] : 3.92-10.17). During the period January 1982 through 7 March 1988, there was no statistically significant overall mortality excess except during the period 1982-1983 among people aged <65 years (SMR 2.26; 95% CI : 1.03-4.29). Toxic oil syndrome substantially altered the patterns of mortality among affected people. Analysis of deaths by cause among the TOS cohort will be useful for further evaluation of the long-term impact of the TOS epidemic. C1 US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MINIST JUSTICIA, SUBDIRECC GEN SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA, AREA SALUD PUBL, MADRID, SPAIN. HOSP PRINCESA, UNIDAD INVEST, MADRID, SPAIN. RP BORDA, IA (reprint author), MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO, DIRECC GEN ORDENAC INVEST & FORMAC, SUBDIRECC GEN FORMAC & DIFUS INVEST, E-28029 MADRID, SPAIN. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1084 DI 10.1093/ije/22.6.1077 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MU551 UT WOS:A1993MU55100014 ER PT J AU YANG, B DAI, Z WANG, Z WANG, K ZHANG, R ZHANG, J JIANG, T AF YANG, B DAI, Z WANG, Z WANG, K ZHANG, R ZHANG, J JIANG, T TI NATIONAL POLIOMYELITIS IMMUNIZATION DAYS - PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 837-839, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH & EPIDEM PREVENT,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. WHO,WESTERN PACIFIC REG OFF,EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT UNIT,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,POLIO ERADICAT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP YANG, B (reprint author), MINIST PUBL HLTH,DIV EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 21 BP 2537 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ266 UT WOS:A1993MJ26600006 ER PT J AU BORING, CC SQUIRES, TS TONG, T HEATH, CW AF BORING, CC SQUIRES, TS TONG, T HEATH, CW TI MORTALITY TRENDS FOR SELECTED SMOKING-RELATED CANCERS AND BREAST-CANCER - UNITED-STATES, 1950-1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 857, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRONIC DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BORING, CC (reprint author), AMER CANC SOC,NEW YORK,NY 10017, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 21 BP 2541 EP 2542 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ266 UT WOS:A1993MJ26600007 ER PT J AU BRISS, PA ROSENBLUM, LS AF BRISS, PA ROSENBLUM, LS TI SCREENING STRATEGIES FOR LEAD-POISONING SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE RP BRISS, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 21 BP 2556 EP 2556 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ266 UT WOS:A1993MJ26600012 PM 8230637 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR VANDEVANTER, N PAXTON, H POLAN, C HOLMBERG, SD AF OBRIEN, TR VANDEVANTER, N PAXTON, H POLAN, C HOLMBERG, SD TI CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS AMONG SERONEGATIVE HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS OF PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV SOCIOMED SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10027. MARYLAND MED RES INST,BALTIMORE,MD. RP OBRIEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1374 EP 1375 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MM128 UT WOS:A1993MM12800017 PM 7902867 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST AF BUTERA, ST TI CYTOKINE INVOLVEMENT IN VIRAL PERMISSIVENESS AND THE PROGRESSION OF HIV DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PERMISSIVENESS; HIV-1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; VIRAL ACTIVATION ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; INFECTION; AIDS; SYSTEM; CD4; NEF AB Many viruses have evolved novel means of exploiting host defense mechanisms for their own survival. This exploitation may be best exemplified by the interrelationships between certain viruses and the host cytokine networks. Many viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), rely on the liberation and cellular action of host immune cytokines to expand their host cell range, to regulate their cellular expression, and to maintain their dormant state until the proper extracellular conditions arise. As again exemplified by HIV-1, viruses may also take an active role regulating cytokine expression and cell surface cytokine receptors. Because the viral life cycle, and in particular the HIV-1 life cycle, is so intertwined with cytokine regulatory networks, these networks represent potential points for therapeutic intervention. As our understanding of cellular cytokine pathways involved in viral infection and replication continues to expand, so too will our ability to design rational anti-viral therapies to alter multiple steps along the viral life cycle. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1002/jcb.240530411 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA ML654 UT WOS:A1993ML65400010 PM 8300751 ER PT J AU BEGUM, D STROCKBINE, NA SOWERS, EG JACKSON, MP AF BEGUM, D STROCKBINE, NA SOWERS, EG JACKSON, MP TI EVALUATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA-COLI BY USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED PROBES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; DNA PROBES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; B-SUBUNIT; GENES; AMPLIFICATION; DIARRHEA; VARIANT AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the identification of Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing Escherichia coli was assessed by using 95 strains of SLT-producing E. coli and 5 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. PCR was used for the amplification of slt gene sequences from whole bacterial colonies. A digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe was used for identification of the PCR products in a spot blot hybridization assay. Modifications were made to adapt this technique for the proper identification of 10 SLT-producing isolates which were refractory to the heat lysis step that was used to liberate whole-cell DNA for PCR and 6 isolates which gave nonspecific amplification products. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay were each 99% when compared with toxin neutralization results by using SLT-specific monoclonal antibodies. These values indicate that this detection technique could be suitable for use in a clinical laboratory. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,540 E CANFIELD AVE,DETROIT,MI 48201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER BACTERIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29929] NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3153 EP 3156 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG725 UT WOS:A1993MG72500011 PM 8308107 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM BIDDLE, JW QUENZER, VK MCLAUGHLIN, JC AF MILLER, JM BIDDLE, JW QUENZER, VK MCLAUGHLIN, JC TI EVALUATION OF BIOLOG FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY MICROCOCCACEAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; STAPHYLOCOCCI AB The Biolog Identification System (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, Calif.) was challenged at two separate laboratories with 113 coded isolates, including 33 type strains of staphylococci, S strains of Micrococcus spp., and 1 strain of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus. Test parameters between the sites were controlled as much as possible. Discrepancies were arbitrated by using conventional biochemicals. Overall accuracies (correct to the species level) upon initial testing were 47.7 and 59.3%, respectively, at the two laboratories. After repeat testing of isolates generating ''no identification'' responses or errors, the overall accuracies increased to 69.0 and 74.3% at the two sites, respectively, revealing no significant difference in the final results at the two laboratories (78 of 113 versus 84 of 113; P > 0.05). Error rates were 7.1% at one site and 9.7% at the other. The Biolog is not yet accurate enough to serve as a primary method for identifying staphylococci. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3170 EP 3173 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG725 UT WOS:A1993MG72500014 PM 8308109 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ SILCOX, VA TSUKAMURA, M BROWN, BA KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR ONYI, G AF WALLACE, RJ SILCOX, VA TSUKAMURA, M BROWN, BA KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR ONYI, G TI CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE, BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF SPORADIC ISOLATES OF THE MYCOBACTERIUM-CHELONAE-LIKE ORGANISM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; FORTUITUM COMPLEX; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; WATER-SUPPLIES; NOM REV; DIFFERENTIATION; DIALYSIS; CIPROFLOXACIN; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycobacterium chelonae-like organisms are nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria whose clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated 87 sporadic isolates encountered in a clinical laboratory. Most isolates (62%) were respiratory; only 2 of 54 (4%) (both from patients with AIDS) were clinically significant. Among 33 nonrespiratory isolates, 20 of 33 (or 61%) were clinically significant. Clinical diseases included posttraumatic wound infections and catheter-related sepsis. Routine biochemical features included growth inhibition by 5% NaCl (100%), a smooth colony morphology (94%), positive 3-day arylsulfatase reaction (84%), no color or a light tan color on iron uptake (100%), and variable nitrate reduction (45%). Additional characteristics that helped to separate this group from M. chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus were susceptibility to cephalothin (90%) and ciprofloxacin (100%), utilization of mannitol (94%) and citrate (83%) as carbon sources, and unique patterns of mycolic acid esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. This group was quite drug susceptible, with 100% of isolates inhibited by amikacin, imipenem, cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and the newer quinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Three examples of this group, including a proposed type strain, have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,TB & MYCOBACTERIOSIS LAB SECT,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CHUBU HOSP,OBU,JAPAN. RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX 75710, USA. NR 30 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3231 EP 3239 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG725 UT WOS:A1993MG72500025 PM 8308116 ER PT J AU RIHS, JD BRENNER, DJ WEAVER, RE STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG YU, VL AF RIHS, JD BRENNER, DJ WEAVER, RE STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG YU, VL TI ROSEOMONAS, A NEW GENUS ASSOCIATED WITH BACTEREMIA AND OTHER HUMAN INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In the 1980s, a pink bacterium different from species of the genus Methylobacterium was implicated in human infection. Using biochemical tests and DNA hybridization, we examined 42 strains of pink-pigmented, gram-negative bacteria that were not members of the genus Methylobacterium. The isolates included 6 strains each of CDC ''pink coccoid'' groups I, II, III, and IV; 10 isolates from Gilardi's ''unnamed taxon''; and 8 blood isolates from ill, debilitated, or immunosuppressed patients. The DNA hybridization studies supported the creation of six genomospecies encompassing the 42 strains. Reactions for esculin hydrolysis, glycerol oxidation, and D-mannose oxidation enabled separation of genomospecies 1 through 4. These tests, as well as motility, nitrate reduction, citrate utilization, and oxidation Of L-arabinose, D-galactose, and D-xylose, differentiated genomospecies 5 and 6 from each other and from genomospecies 1 through 4. These organisms were susceptible in vitro to the aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and imipenem and generally susceptible to the quinolones. We propose the new genus, Roseomonas, for these bacteria to include three named species, Roseomonas gilardii sp. nov., Roseomonas cervicalis sp. nov., and Roseomonas fauriae sp. nov., and three unnamed genomospecies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP YU, VL (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, INFECT DIS SECT, UNIV DR C, PITTSBURGH, PA 15240 USA. NR 11 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3275 EP 3283 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG725 UT WOS:A1993MG72500032 PM 8308122 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM AF NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM TI APPLICATION OF LIOR BIOTYPING BY USE OF GENETICALLY IDENTIFIED CAMPYLOBACTER STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID JEJUNI; LARIDIS; SCHEME AB We used the scheme of Lior to biotype 140 genetically identified Campylobacter strains. Our results confirmed previous studies and extended Lior biotyping to show that nine C. jejuni subsp. doylei strains (100%) were one biotype and nine C. jejuni subsp. jejuni nalidixic acid-resistant strains (100%) were C. jejuni biotype I or II. All C. jejuni subsp. jejuni hippurate-negative strains studied and 6 of 35 C. lari strains (17%) were grouped with C. coli biotypes. These findings may be useful in epidemiologic investigations. RP NICHOLSON, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3348 EP 3350 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG725 UT WOS:A1993MG72500049 PM 8308136 ER PT J AU VORNDAM, V MATHEWS, JH BARRETT, ADT ROEHRIG, JT TRENT, DW AF VORNDAM, V MATHEWS, JH BARRETT, ADT ROEHRIG, JT TRENT, DW TI MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NONGLYCOSYLATED ISOLATE OF ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; FLAVIVIRUS WEST NILE; DENGUE TYPE-2 VIRUS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; GENOME RNA AB The glycosylation patterns of the envelope (E) glycoprotein of several naturally occurring strains of St Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus were investigated. SLE viruses were found that contained both glycosylated and non-glycosylated E proteins, and one isolate (Tr 9464) that lacks N-linked glycosylation sites on its E protein was identified. SLE virus monoclonal antibodies that define E protein B cell epitopes and demonstrate biological activities reacted essentially to the same extent with glycosylated and non-glycosylated virions. These results indicate that glycosylation is not essential for epitope conformation or recognition. However, failure to glycosylate the E protein was associated with possible morphogenetic differences as manifested by reduced virus yields and differences in specific infectivity. C1 DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. UNIV SURREY,SCH BIOL SCI,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP VORNDAM, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE LAB,2 CALLE CASIA,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU Wellcome Trust NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 74 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-12-2653 PN 12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MN275 UT WOS:A1993MN27500014 PM 7506301 ER PT J AU ZHENG, DP ZHANG, LB FANG, ZY YANG, CF MULDERS, M PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM AF ZHENG, DP ZHANG, LB FANG, ZY YANG, CF MULDERS, M PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM TI DISTRIBUTION OF WILD TYPE-1 POLIOVIRUS GENOTYPES IN CHINA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DETERMINANTS; POLYMERASE; SEROTYPE-1; DNA AB Poliomyelitis remains an important public health problem in China. Most cases and outbreaks are associated with wild type 1 polioviruses. To obtain an overview of type 1 poliovirus transmission in China, partial genomic sequences were compared for 24 case isolates from 12 provinces. Because polioviruses evolve rapidly during infection of humans, the genetic relationships among isolates provide a measure of the extent of epidemiologic linkage among cases. The observed genetic relationships were complex: six different genotypes, apparently derived from five separate endemic origins, were found. One genotype was recombinant, having noncapsid sequences derived from the Sabin type 1 vaccine strain and capsid sequences derived from a genotype indigenous to several northern and eastern provinces. Some isolates from geographically separate provinces were closely related; other isolates were related to wild polioviruses found in neighboring countries. The combination of epidemiologic and virologic analyses may facilitate the development of more effective strategies for poliomyelitis eradication. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. JIANGXI PROV ANTIEPIDEM STN,NANCHANG,PEOPLES R CHINA. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,NATL POLIOVIRUS REFERENCE LAB,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,ENVIRONM VIROL LAB,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & PROTECT,VIROL LAB,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1367 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MJ709 UT WOS:A1993MJ70900004 PM 8245521 ER PT J AU QARI, SH SHI, YP POVOA, MM ALPERS, MP DELORON, P MURPHY, GS HARJOSUWARNO, S LAL, AA AF QARI, SH SHI, YP POVOA, MM ALPERS, MP DELORON, P MURPHY, GS HARJOSUWARNO, S LAL, AA TI GLOBAL OCCURRENCE OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX-LIKE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; T-CELL EPITOPES; FALCIPARUM; POLYMORPHISM; VARIANT AB A Plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite was recently identified from Madang, a holoendemic malarious region in Papua New Guinea. The complete nucleotide sequence of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein gene of this parasite is presented here. The CS protein of this parasite has an 11-mer repeat sequence and is different from the other known CS protein genes of human malaria parasites. However, it is identical to the CS protein gene of a monkey malaria parasite, Plasmodium simiovale. This P. vivax-like malaria parasite was found in Sepik, another malarious region of Papua New Guinea, and in Brazil, Indonesia, and Madagascar. No pure isolate of this parasite was identified. Specific oligonucleotide probes were used to determine relative proportion of the P. vivax-like parasite in P. vivax (type 1 and type 2) mixed field isolates. Compared with P. vivax or Plasmodium falciparum, the circumsporozoite protein of P. vivax-like parasites showed markedly less polymorphism. C1 USN HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. CHAGAS INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKHA,PAPUA N GUINEA. HOP CLAUDE BERNARD,INSERM,U13,F-75994 PARIS 19,FRANCE. MINIST HLTH REPUBL INDONESIA,JAYAPURA,INDONESIA. RP QARI, SH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Deloron, Philippe/G-6305-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1489 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MJ709 UT WOS:A1993MJ70900022 PM 8245533 ER PT J AU TAMBINI, G ANDRUS, JK MARQUES, E BOSHELL, J PALLANSCH, M DEQUADROS, CA KEW, O AF TAMBINI, G ANDRUS, JK MARQUES, E BOSHELL, J PALLANSCH, M DEQUADROS, CA KEW, O TI DIRECT-DETECTION OF WILD POLIOVIRUS CIRCULATION BY STOOL SURVEYS OF HEALTHY-CHILDREN AND ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY WASTE-WATER SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; WATERS AB Cartagena, Colombia, was one of the last cities in the Americas known to have endemic poliomyelitis. After 3 cases were identified in 1991, two approaches for detecting continued silent transmission of wild polioviruses within a high-risk community were used: stool surveys of healthy children and virologic analysis of community sewage. Wild type 1 polioviruses were isolated from 8% of the children studied and from 21% of sewage samples. The proportions of wild polioviruses, vaccine-related polioviruses, and nonpolio enteric viruses were similar for both approaches. Wild poliovirus sequences were also amplified directly from processed sewage samples by the polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs specific for the indigenous type 1 genotype. The last reported cases associated with wild polioviruses in the Americas occurred in Colombia (8 April 1991) and Peru (23 August 199 1). Direct sampling for wild polioviruses in high-risk communities can provide further evidence that eradication of the indigenous wild polioviruses has been achieved in the Americas. C1 PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT,WASHINGTON,DC. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. INST NACL SALUD,MINIST SALUD,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CO TECNOL SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1510 EP 1514 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MJ709 UT WOS:A1993MJ70900026 PM 8245537 ER PT J AU TSAI, TF PAUL, R LYNBERG, MC LETSON, GW AF TSAI, TF PAUL, R LYNBERG, MC LETSON, GW TI CONGENITAL YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS-INFECTION AFTER IMMUNIZATION IN PREGNANCY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB To determine whether yellow fever (YF) vaccine administered in pregnancy causes fetal infection, women who were vaccinated during unrecognized pregnancy in a mass campaign in Trinidad were studied retrospectively. Maternal and cord or infant blood were tested for IgM and neutralizing antibodies to YF and dengue viruses. One of 41 infants had IgM and elevated neutralizing antibodies to YF virus, indicating congenital infection. The infant, the first reported case of YF virus infection after immunization in pregnancy, was delivered after an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy and appeared normal. Congenital dengue 1 infection may have occurred in another case. The frequency of fetal infection and adverse events after such exposure could not be estimated; however, the neurotropism of YF virus for the developing nervous system and the now documented possibility of transplacental infection underscores the admonition that YF vaccination in pregnancy should be avoided. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECT BORNE BORNE INFECT,FT COLLINS,CO. CDC,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH TRINIDAD & TOBAGO,ST JOSEPH,TRINID & TOBAGO. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1523 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MJ709 UT WOS:A1993MJ70900028 PM 8245539 ER PT J AU GORDON, SM HORSBURGH, CR PELOQUIN, CA HAVLIK, JA METCHOCK, B HEIFETS, L MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE AF GORDON, SM HORSBURGH, CR PELOQUIN, CA HAVLIK, JA METCHOCK, B HEIFETS, L MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE TI LOW SERUM LEVELS OF ORAL ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; INFECTION; AIDS; RIFAMPIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; MALABSORPTION; CIPROFLOXACIN AB Twenty-seven human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease who were treated with oral antimycobacterial agents (clofazimine, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, and rifampin) were studied to evaluate the usefulness of monitoring serum drug concentrations and testing in vitro susceptibility of M. avium complex (MAC) isolates. Twenty patients tolerated treatment with three or four antimycobacterial agents for at least 8 weeks; mycobacteremia was eradicated in 7 (35%). The in vitro susceptibilities of MAC isolates to antimycobacterial agents were similar for these 7 and for the 13 who did not respond to antimycobacterial treatment. Serum drug levels were below the expected range in 6 of the 7 whose mycobacteremia was cleared and in 9 of the 13 nonresponders (P = .41). These low serum concentrations of antimycobacterial drugs may be due to impaired drug absorption in patients with AIDS and disseminated MAC disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DENVER,CO. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 15 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 168 IS 6 BP 1559 EP 1562 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MJ709 UT WOS:A1993MJ70900037 PM 8245546 ER PT J AU MUDIDO, P MARSHALL, GS HOWELL, RS SCHMID, DS STEGER, S ADAMS, G AF MUDIDO, P MARSHALL, GS HOWELL, RS SCHMID, DS STEGER, S ADAMS, G TI DISSEMINATED HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS-INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY - A CASE-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID PRIMARY GENITAL HERPES; ENCEPHALITIS; HEPATITIS; ACYCLOVIR; HOMINIS AB Hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) developed in a pregnant woman at 38 weeks' gestation. She delivered a live-born infant who had serologically documented HSV 2 infection but did well with acyclovir therapy. The mother, however, died five days postpartum from fulminant hepatic failure despite antiviral treatment, and HSV was demonstrated in the liver. Twenty-three reported cases clearly establish pregnancy as a condition that can predispose to disseminated HSV infection. The majority of cases have been due to HSV 2, and primary infection in the latter part of pregnancy appears to constitute the greatest risk. The major disease manifestations appear to be hepatitis and encephalitis. Historically, maternal and fetal mortality rates have been high, but there is a trend toward improved survival in the acyclovir era. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. JEWISH HOSP,LOUISVILLE,KY. ALLIANT HLTH SYST,IMMUNOL LAB,LOUISVILLE,KY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 12 BP 964 EP 968 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MN609 UT WOS:A1993MN60900010 PM 8120855 ER PT J AU CONN, JM CHORBA, TL PETERSON, TD RHODES, P ANNEST, JL AF CONN, JM CHORBA, TL PETERSON, TD RHODES, P ANNEST, JL TI EFFECTIVENESS OF SAFETY-BELT USE - A STUDY USING HOSPITAL-BASED DATA FOR NONFATAL MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FATALITY RISK; CAR MASS; INJURY; LAW AB To evaluate the effectiveness of safety-belt use in reducing the likelihood of a serious injury, we analyzed data from the Iowa Safety Restraint Assessment study collected from 893 front-seat passenger car occupants treated for nonfatal injuries in the emergency department of 16 Iowa hospitals from November 1987 through March 1988. Data analyzed included demographic information, motor-vehicle and crash-related information, and medical information collected on all driver-seat and right-front-seat occupants. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess outcomes for front-seat occupants who did or did not use safety belts, while controlling for confounder variables. The crude odds of being seriously injured (Injury Severity Score greater than or equal to 9) were greater for those who were not using safety belts than for those who were (4.4 to 1, respectively) at the time of the crash. The odds of a serious injury for people not using safety belts versus those using safety belts was greater in larger cars than in small cars. We concluded that the use of safety belts reduces the number and seriousness of injuries for cars of all sizes; however, car size may influence the effectiveness of safety-belt use in preventing a serious injury. The limitations of this study (including small sample size, the lack of detailed vehicle and crash information, and the lack of injury outcome information for all of each vehicle's passengers) underscore the need for further research into the role of vehicle size and mass in the effectiveness of safety restraint systems in nonfatal and fatal crashes or fatal combined with nonfatal crashes. RP CONN, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0022-4375(93)80003-T PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA MN156 UT WOS:A1993MN15600003 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ LIDDLE, JA AF SMITH, SJ LIDDLE, JA TI QUALITY ASSURANCE CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL-AGENT MONITORING AT MUNITIONS DEMILITARIZATION SITES SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Facilities to demilitarize chemical munitions are designed to destroy the chemical agent in these munitions while minimizing risk to workers, the general public, and the environment. We describe the relationship between the specific risk of exposure to chemical agent at these facilities and the statistical quality control used to evaluate monitoring systems that detect unplanned releases. The exposure risk is minimized by (a) requiring the likelihood of that agent being detected to be 99% or greater, and (b) by requiring appropriate measures to minimize human contact or further release upon detection. We show the theoretical relationship between the agent alarm response rate and the estimated precision and accuracy of monitoring system instruments. We demonstrate that the specified minimum response rate can be achieved by requiring the precision and accuracy of the monitoring instruments to fall within theoretical limits. We define a tolerance interval-based parameter, the passing rate, as the likelihood of an analytical measurement falling within a specified time and concentration interval, and we show that this parameter is a useful quality control tool for maintaining response rates that minimize risk of exposure. Concepts presented here will be applicable to other laboratory quality assurance programs where (a) the health risk at a specified dose (concentration) is known or estimated; (b) a desirable, nonzero response rate can be stated fdr that dose; and (c) a quality control system with standardized laboratory reference materials is used to assess and maintain accuracy and precision. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 243 EP 254 PG 12 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA MN156 UT WOS:A1993MN15600005 ER PT J AU GINSBERG, C LOFFREDO, L AF GINSBERG, C LOFFREDO, L TI VIOLENCE-RELATED ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - NEW-YORK-CITY, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 NEW YORK CITY PUBL SCH,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PRENENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP GINSBERG, C (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 1993 VL 63 IS 10 BP 438 EP 440 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MP301 UT WOS:A1993MP30100006 PM 8133649 ER PT J AU DOMEL, SB BARANOWSKI, T LEONARD, SB LITAKER, MS BARANOWSKI, J MULLIS, R BYERS, T STRONG, WB TREIBER, F LEVY, M AF DOMEL, SB BARANOWSKI, T LEONARD, SB LITAKER, MS BARANOWSKI, J MULLIS, R BYERS, T STRONG, WB TREIBER, F LEVY, M TI DEFINING THE YEAR-2000 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GOAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE YEAR-2000 GOALS; FRUITS AND VEGETABLES; DEFINITION; FOOD FREQUENCY ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; GUIDELINES AB Various nutrition guidelines recommend increased consumption of fruits and vegetables (F+V); a Year 2000 goal targets five or more daily servings of F+V. Decisions are needed regarding how to define F+V to facilitate measurement of goal achievement. Four alternative definitions (narrow and broad, each with and without legumes) were developed and applied to food frequencies from 133 children and 211 parents. Results varied by definition. Mean intake met the goal of five or more daily servings regardless of definition and exceeded it for both broad definitions by children and both broad definitions and the narrow definition with legumes for adults. Median intakes met the goal for all definitions except for children with the narrow definition without legumes, and exceeded it for children with both broad definitions and for adults with the broad definition with legumes. These differences by definition indicate that a clear definition of F+V is needed. C1 MED COLL GEORGIA,GEORGIA INST HUMAN NUTR,DEPT MED,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF BIOSTAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. MED COLL GEORGIA,SCH MED,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP DOMEL, SB (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,GEORGIA PREVENT INST,DEPT PEDIAT,HS 1640,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MK580 UT WOS:A1993MK58000007 PM 8294722 ER PT J AU CLARK, GG SUAREZ, MF AF CLARK, GG SUAREZ, MF TI MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL AND BIOLOGY IN LATIN-AMERICA - A 3RD SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The third Spanish language symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 59th Annual Meeting in Fort Myers, FL, in April 1993. The principal objective, as for the symposia held in 1991 and 1992, was to increase and stimulate greater participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists and public health workers from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 25 presentations that were given in Spanish by participants from 8 countries in Latin America, Puerto Rico, and the USA. The symposium included the following topics: ecological, genetic, and control studies of anopheline vectors of malaria; laboratory evaluation and production of biological control agents for Aedes aegypti; community participation in the prevention of dengue; and studies of other medically important insects (e.g., Simulium and Triatoma). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SAN JUAN LABS,SAN JUAN,PR 00921. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 441 EP 453 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MV752 UT WOS:A1993MV75200012 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL NEEDS DURING DISASTERS CAUSED BY TROPICAL CYCLONES - ANTICIPATED INJURY PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE INJURIES; NATURAL DISASTER; CYCLONE; HURRICANE; TYPHOON; DISASTER-EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISASTER MEDICINE ID NATURAL DISASTERS; RELIEF; SYSTEM AB This paper is a summary of the data for describing the distribution of injuries among people affected by tropical cyclones that have occurred during the past 20 years. The most striking feature of the data gathered from a review of the epidemiologic literature on tropical cyclones is its lack of uniformity. The absence of an international classification and coding scheme for recording injuries sustained in cyclones also makes planning medical assistance difficult following future cyclones and hurricanes. We propose here a simple injury classification scheme comprising three components for categorizing injury data. Such a standardized disaster injury classification scheme, coupled with other types of information about injuries, will greatly aid relief officials in efficiently matching available resources to needs, in effectively managing health relief operations, and in developing strategies to prevent future cyclone-related morbidity and mortality. RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-5304 J9 J TROP MED HYG JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 96 IS 6 BP 370 EP 376 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MM323 UT WOS:A1993MM32300008 PM 8254716 ER PT J AU PARDI, D KAPLAN, JE COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF PARDI, D KAPLAN, JE COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXTENDED TAX PROTEIN IN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II SUBTYPE-B ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HTLV-II; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; INFECTION; DISEASE; ABUSERS; RETROVIRUS; PREVALENCE; EPITOPES AB The tar gene sequence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate G12 (HTLV-II(G12)) was found to encode an extended Tax protein when compared with that of HTLV-II(MoT). In vitro transcription-translation of the HTLV-II(G12) tar gene produced a 40-kDa Tax protein that specifically reacted with serum specimens from HTLV-II-infected individuals. Limited sequence analysis demonstrated that isolates with an extended Tax protein were all HTLV-II subtype b (HTLV-IIb). Therefore, the extended Tax protein appears to be a unique characteristic of most HTLV-IIb isolates and may be useful in designing immunoassays to distinguish between HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. C1 NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20894. RP PARDI, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 67 IS 12 BP 7663 EP 7667 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA MG307 UT WOS:A1993MG30700090 PM 8230487 ER PT J AU DEWHURST, S DOLLARD, SC PELLETT, PE DAMBAUGH, TR AF DEWHURST, S DOLLARD, SC PELLETT, PE DAMBAUGH, TR TI IDENTIFICATION OF A LYTIC-PHASE ORIGIN OF DNA-REPLICATION IN HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6B STRAIN-Z29 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; VIRUS-DNA; ORILYT; CLONING; VECTOR; REGION AB DNA sequences which have structural features suggestive of their functioning as an origin of lytic-phase DNA replication were previously identified in both human herpesvirus 6B strain Z29 [HHV-6B (Z29)] and in HHV-6A (U1102). Plasmid constructs containing the putative HHV-6B (Z29) oriLyt element were replicated after transfection into permissive T cells, when trans-acting factors were provided by HHV-6B (R-1) infection. By using this assay, the HHV-6B (Z29) oriLyt was mapped to a minimal region of approximately 400 bp which lies upstream of the gene that is homologous to herpes simplex virus UL29, a region that carries an origin in other betaherpesviruses and in some alphaherpesviruses. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,CTR CANC,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO INC,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RP DEWHURST, S (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. OI Dewhurst, Stephen/0000-0001-7729-7920 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 67 IS 12 BP 7680 EP 7683 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA MG307 UT WOS:A1993MG30700094 PM 8230490 ER PT J AU GUO, ZM QIAN, CG PETERS, CJ LIU, CT AF GUO, ZM QIAN, CG PETERS, CJ LIU, CT TI CHANGES IN PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR, CATECHOLAMINE, AND SEROTONIN CONCENTRATIONS IN BRAIN, CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID, AND PLASMA OF PICHINDE VIRUS-INFECTED GUINEA-PIGS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUROGENIC PULMONARY-EDEMA; FACTOR PAF; RAT-BRAIN; MEDIAN-EMINENCE; INVOLVEMENT; MECHANISMS; DOPAMINE; HORMONE; STRESS AB Brain concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), catecholamines, and serotonin were measured in control and Pichinde virus-infected strain 13 guinea pigs on postinoculation day (PID) 12. After virus inoculation, PAF concentrations increased 81% in cerebrum, 147% in diencephalon-brain stem, and 110% in cerebellum from baseline values of 2.6 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.2, and 6.1 +/- 0.5 (ng/g wet tissue), respectively. Dopamine concentrations in the infected cerebrum and diencephalon-brain stem increased significantly, whereas norepinephrine concentration increased only in cerebrum. However, serotonin concentrations in all three regions of infected brain decreased significantly as compared with control values. There were no significant changes in epinephrine concentrations of infected brain. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid on PID 7 and 12 increased significantly as compared with control values, while plasma dopamine concentration increased significantly on PID 7. Increased brain PAF, dopamine, and norepinephrine concentrations with decreased brain serotonin concentrations may mediate the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and involve some unknown pathophysiologic processes of arenaviral infection. Furthermore, increased plasma catecholamine concentrations are associated with stress and may be partially responsible for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema during this viral disease. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. CYTOMED INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. CTR DIS CONTROL,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT CLIN & EXPTL PHYSIOL,DIV DIS ASSESSMENT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA MV091 UT WOS:A1993MV09100007 PM 8158981 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE AF KAPLAN, JE TI WRIT IN GUAYMI BLOOD SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 102 IS 12 BP 6 EP & PG 0 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT248 UT WOS:A1993MT24800003 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM BRUCE, FC SHULMAN, HB KENDRICK, JS BROGAN, DJ PEARSON, K LONGWHITE, D GANSER, J DANA, J EYSTER, J DEPERSIO, S THOMAS, T AF ADAMS, MM BRUCE, FC SHULMAN, HB KENDRICK, JS BROGAN, DJ PEARSON, K LONGWHITE, D GANSER, J DANA, J EYSTER, J DEPERSIO, S THOMAS, T TI PREGNANCY PLANNING AND PRE-CONCEPTION COUNSELING SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE AB Objective: To estimate the percentage of women with one or more of four potentially modifiable risks who could have availed themselves of pre-conception counseling. Methods: We defined pre-conception counseling to be consultation that occurs shortly before a couple attempts conception. Thus, we assumed that to obtain pre-conception counseling, a woman must plan her pregnancy. We used data from a population-based survey of 12,452 new mothers in four states who delivered babies during 1988-1990. Mothers were contacted 3-6 months after delivery and asked about pre-conception behaviors and the planning status of their pregnancies. We estimated the percentage of women who planned their pregnancies and had an indication for pre-conception counseling related to smoking, drinking, being underweight, or delaying initiation of prenatal care. Results: State-specific response rates ranged from 68-84%. Sixty percent of mothers reported that their pregnancies were planned. In general, mothers with unintended pregnancies were more likely to have an indication for preconception counseling than mothers with planned pregnancies. Thirty-eight percent of all mothers planned their pregnancies and had one or more indications for preconception counseling. An additional 30% had one or more indications for counseling but did not have a planned pregnancy. Conclusions: Despite the limited range of indications for counseling that we considered, a substantial percentage of women potentially could have used counseling. A similar percentage of women could have benefited from family planning services. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 82 IS 6 BP 955 EP 959 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MH769 UT WOS:A1993MH76900014 PM 8233272 ER PT J AU SMITH, JS YAGER, PA ORCIARI, LA AF SMITH, JS YAGER, PA ORCIARI, LA TI RABIES IN WILD AND DOMESTIC CARNIVORES OF AFRICA - EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS DETERMINED BY LIMITED SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Rabies in Southern and Eastern Africa CY MAY 03-05, 1993 CL UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI, ONDERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA SP SO & E AFRICAN RABIES GRP HO UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI ID SURVEILLANCE AB Virus isolates from three important reservoirs for rabies in Africa (domestic dogs, jackals and yellow mongooses) were compared by their reaction with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to the nucleocapsid protein and by the nucleotide sequence of a 200 base pair segment of the nucleocapsid gene. Although antigenically dissimilar, the variants commonly transmitted in dogs and jackals were very closely related by genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis and historical accounts support a common lineage for these variants in both past and present reservoirs for rabies in Europe. Two additional variants, distinct from the dog or jackal variant, were found in yellow mongoose samples and nucleotide sequence from these animals showed more divergence than any other group of samples. These variants and a third variant for which no host species could be identified, were shown to form two additional genetic groups only distantly related to each other. These three variants and a previously identified variant in Nigeria may be indigenous to African carnivores. RP SMITH, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 60 IS 4 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PC060 UT WOS:A1993PC06000009 PM 7777316 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, KA SMITH, JS MACHARIA, MJ KING, AA AF ALEXANDER, KA SMITH, JS MACHARIA, MJ KING, AA TI RABIES IN THE MASAI-MARA, KENYA - PRELIMINARY-REPORT SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Rabies in Southern and Eastern Africa CY MAY 03-05, 1993 CL UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI, ONDERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA SP SO & E AFRICAN RABIES GRP HO UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI ID DOGS; ANTIBODY; NIGERIA AB A serosurvey of rabies antibodies among domestic dogs (Canis familiaris, n = 178), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta, n = 72) and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus, n = 18) of the Masai Mara, Kenya, was carried out. Rabies antibodies were found in 9,6 % of the domestic dog sera, but all wild dog and hyaena sera were negative. Rabies has been confirmed in this region among the above species as well as in a domestic cat (Felis catus) and a cow (Bos indicus) by fluorescent antibody tests (FAT) and/or histopathology. The disease was confirmed in three wild dogs in 1989 and in a fourth dog in early 1991. In 1992, a spotted hyaena attacked six people, one of whom died; the hyaena brain was positive for rabies. To date, rabies has been confirmed in one domestic cow (n = 22; 4,5 %), one domestic cat (n = 9; 11,1 %) and five domestic dogs (n = 32; 15,6 %). The wild dog cases exhibited paralytic rabies whereas in the hyaena, domestic cat and domestic dogs furious rabies was observed. The dynamics of rabies in this ecosystem is not yet fully understood, but based on these preliminary data it is suspected that domestic dogs play a primary role in its maintenance. C1 VET RES LAB,DEPT VET SERV,KABETE,KENYA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAFF,CENT VET LAB,WEYBRIDGE KT15 3NB,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP ALEXANDER, KA (reprint author), SCH VET MED DAVIS,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010 OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 60 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PC060 UT WOS:A1993PC06000023 PM 7777329 ER PT J AU FEKADU, M AF FEKADU, M TI CANINE RABIES SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Rabies in Southern and Eastern Africa CY MAY 03-05, 1993 CL UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI, ONDERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA SP SO & E AFRICAN RABIES GRP HO UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DOGS; RECOVERY; PATHOGENESIS; CATS; MICE; VACCINATION; EXCRETION AB Dog rabies is still epizootic in most countries of Africa, Asia and South America and in these countries dogs are responsible for most human deaths from the disease. The incubation period in dogs may vary from one week to several months and may be influenced by the site of infection and the virus dose and strain. Diagnosis by clinical signs alone is inadequate since many rabid dogs develop dumb rabies which can easily be overlooked and others die without showing signs of rabies. Rabies virus may be excreted in the saliva before clinical signs appear and may lead to infection of an unsuspecting and untreated bite victim. Dogs may recover from clinical rabies and may then intermittently excrete virus in the saliva. Prevention of human rabies depends on the control of canine rabies which can only be achieved by mass-immunization and control of stray dog populations. RP FEKADU, M (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 60 IS 4 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PC060 UT WOS:A1993PC06000025 PM 7777331 ER PT J AU RUPPRECHT, CE HANLON, CA NIEZGODA, M BUCHANAN, JR DIEHL, D KOPROWSKI, H AF RUPPRECHT, CE HANLON, CA NIEZGODA, M BUCHANAN, JR DIEHL, D KOPROWSKI, H TI RECOMBINANT RABIES VACCINES - EFFICACY ASSESSMENT IN FREE-RANGING ANIMALS SO ONDERSTEPOORT JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Rabies in Southern and Eastern Africa CY MAY 03-05, 1993 CL UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI, ONDERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA SP SO & E AFRICAN RABIES GRP HO UNIV PRETORIA, FAC VET SCI ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS VACCINE; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; CANINE ADENOVIRUS; ORAL VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; SKUNKS AB With the advancement of recombinant DNA techniques, a number of potent biologicals are available for the oral vaccination of free-ranging animals. Once oral immunogenicity and vaccine safety have been demonstrated, efficacy then becomes of paramount importance. Classical assessment of efficacy is conducted under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, whereas efficacy of oral wildlife rabies vaccination programs, to date, have been assessed by the lack (or occurrence) of field cases of rabies in a vaccinated area. This communication describes an intermediate vaccine efficacy strategy in which self-vaccinated, free-ranging animals from a study site were captured seven months after vaccine-laden bait distribution for laboratory rabies challenge. This technique is specifically reviewed in the context of available recombinant products for the consideration of extension towards dog rabies control. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,CTR NEUROVIROL,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. RP RUPPRECHT, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INST, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI ONDERSTEPOORT PA PRIVATE BAG X5, ONDERSTEPOORT 0110, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-2465 J9 ONDERSTEPOORT J VET JI Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 60 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PC060 UT WOS:A1993PC06000031 PM 7777337 ER PT J AU BLACK, JB PELLETT, PE AF BLACK, JB PELLETT, PE TI HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-7 SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES; T-CELLS; SALIVA; VIRUS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; HHV-6; INFECTION; CHILDREN RP BLACK, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1002/rmv.1980030405 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA MT549 UT WOS:A1993MT54900004 ER PT J AU STAYNER, LT BAILER, AJ AF STAYNER, LT BAILER, AJ TI COMPARING TOXICOLOGIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES - METHYLENE-CHLORIDE - A CASE-STUDY SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE METHYLENE CHLORIDE; CANCER; RISK ASSESSMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID MORTALITY; WORKERS; MODEL; RISK AB Exposure to methylene chloride induces lung and liver cancers in mice. The mouse bioassay data have been used as the basis for several cancer risk assessments.(1,2) The results from epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to methylene chloride have been mixed with respect to demonstrating an increased cancer risk. The results from a negative epidemiologic study of Kodak workers have been used by two groups of investigators to test the predictions from the EPA risk assessment models.(3,4) These two groups used very different approaches to this problem, which resulted in opposite conclusions regarding the consistency between the animal model predictions and the Kodak study results. The results from the Kodak study are used to test the predictions from OSHA's multistage models of liver and lung cancer risk. Confidence intervals for the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from the Kodak study are compared with the predicted confidence intervals derived from OSHA's risk assessment models. Adjustments for the ''healthy worker effect,'' differences in length of follow-up, and dosimetry between animals and humans were incorporated into these comparisons. Based on these comparisons, we conclude that the negative results from the Kodak study are not inconsistent with the predictions from OSHA's risk assessment model. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056. RP STAYNER, LT (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 6 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01328.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA MN631 UT WOS:A1993MN63100008 PM 8310163 ER PT J AU ROBEY, B RUTSTEIN, SO MORRIS, L AF ROBEY, B RUTSTEIN, SO MORRIS, L TI THE FERTILITY DECLINE IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROBEY, B (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR COMMUN PROGRAMS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 4 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 269 IS 6 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MG629 UT WOS:A1993MG62900024 PM 8266060 ER PT J AU ROSA, RR AF ROSA, RR TI NAPPING AT HOME AND ALERTNESS ON THE JOB IN ROTATING SHIFT WORKERS SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE NAPS; SHIFT WORK; SLEEP QUALITY; WORKSITE ALERTNESS ID EXTENDED WORKDAYS; SLEEP PATTERNS; PERFORMANCE; NAPS; WAKEFULNESS; VARIABLES; FATIGUE; MEMORY; MOOD AB Conditions surrounding self-selected napping and its association with waking function were examined in a quasi-experimental study at two worksites with workers on 8- and 12-hour rotating shifts. Nap frequency, sleep quantity, quality and timing were determined from daily questionnaires, and performance/alertness during the workshift was assessed with on-site computerized testing. Results indicated that most napping occurred prior to the first night shift of the week. Napping prior to the first shift supplemented an apparently adequate quantity of main sleep, whereas napping during the workweek compensated for a reduced quantity of main sleep. Sleep quality was rated higher on no-nap days than on nap days and higher prior to the first shift than during the workweek. These results generally support a compensatory view of napping. Worksite performance/alertness testing, however, indicated diminished alertness during the shift on nap days compared to no-nap days, which was not consistent with a compensatory view of napping. Decreased alertness on nap days may have been associated with poorer sleep quality or with differences in circadian rhythm adaptation on those days. RP ROSA, RR (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 8 BP 727 EP 735 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA MV969 UT WOS:A1993MV96900008 PM 8165387 ER PT J AU LUBY, S JONES, J AF LUBY, S JONES, J TI OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS DUE TO SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS FROM LOCALLY PRODUCED GRADE-A EGGS, SOUTH-CAROLINA SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Recent investigations of outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis among humans, especially in the northeastern United States, implicate grade A shell chicken eggs as the likely vehicle of transmission. In April 1991 we investigated an outbreak of S enteritidis infections after a wedding anniversary celebration in Beaufort, South Carolina. Sixty-eight percent of persons who ate a macaroni and cheese dish, but none of the 16 attendees who did not, became ill (P <.001). The chef used six grade A eggs in the macaroni and cheese and may have undercooked it. The egg supplier processed eggs exclusively from farms in South Carolina and North Carolina. This outbreak suggests that the epidemic of S enteritidis in flocks of laying hens and the consequent threat of human infection has spread to the Carolinas. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1350 EP 1353 DI 10.1097/00007611-199312000-00005 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MN622 UT WOS:A1993MN62200005 PM 8272910 ER PT J AU ERICKSON, JD AF ERICKSON, JD TI CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL AND PREVENTION - CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS SURVEILLANCE - INTRODUCTION SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DEFECTS RP ERICKSON, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 545 EP 546 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480602 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MM879 UT WOS:A1993MM87900001 ER PT J AU JAMES, LM AF JAMES, LM TI MAPS OF BIRTH-DEFECTS OCCURRENCE IN THE UNITED-STATES, BIRTH-DEFECTS-MONITORING-PROGRAM (BDMP)-CPHA, 1970-1987 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article RP JAMES, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 551 EP 646 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480605 PG 96 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MM879 UT WOS:A1993MM87900004 PM 8115972 ER PT J AU EDMONDS, LD JAMES, LM AF EDMONDS, LD JAMES, LM TI TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE BIRTH PREVALENCE OF SELECTED CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS IN THE BIRTH-DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM-COMMISSION-ON-PROFESSIONAL-AND-HOSPITAL-ACTIVITIES, 1979-1989 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SUPPLEMENTATION RP EDMONDS, LD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 647 EP 649 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480606 PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MM879 UT WOS:A1993MM87900005 PM 8115973 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC CHAVEZ, GF EDMONDS, LD MULINARE, J AF LYNBERG, MC CHAVEZ, GF EDMONDS, LD MULINARE, J TI EVALUATION OF THE BIRTH-DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM, 1982-1985 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article RP LYNBERG, MC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480607 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MM879 UT WOS:A1993MM87900006 PM 8115974 ER PT J AU HERMISTON, TW HELLWIG, R HIERHOLZER, JC WOLD, WSM AF HERMISTON, TW HELLWIG, R HIERHOLZER, JC WOLD, WSM TI SEQUENCE AND FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-7 E3-GP19K PROTEIN FROM 17 CLINICAL ISOLATES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CLASS-I ANTIGENS; CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; REGION E3; GENOME TYPES; TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE C1 ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,1402 S GRAND BLVD,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA24710, F32 CAD8896] NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 197 IS 2 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1633 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA MH092 UT WOS:A1993MH09200009 PM 8249282 ER PT J AU FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A MORZUNOV, S SPIROPOULOU, CF ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A MORZUNOV, S SPIROPOULOU, CF ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI UTILIZATION OF AUTOPSY RNA FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF THE NUCLEOCAPSID ANTIGEN OF A NEWLY RECOGNIZED VIRUS-ASSOCIATED WITH HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HANTAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; ANTIGEN; RECOMBINANT EXPRESSED N-PROTEIN ID S-GENOME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VACCINIA VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; HANTAAN VIRUS; NON-A; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB A newly recognized hantavirus was recently found to be associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness in the southwestern United States. The disease, which has become known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, has an unusually high mortality (64%). Virus isolation attempts have been unsuccessful thus far, resulting in a lack of homologous antigen for use in diagnostic assays. For this reason, a molecular approach was initiated to produce recombinant homologous antigen. The virus nucleocapsid (N) protein was selected, since N has been shown to be a sensitive antigenic target in other hantavirus systems. The N protein open reading frame of the virus S genome segment was synthesized from frozen autopsy tissue by polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by cloning and expression in Hela cells (vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase system) and Escherichia coli. N protein-expressing Hela cells served as excellent antigens for an improved indirect immunofluorescence assay. Use of the E.coli-expressed N protein in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay improved the sensitivity and specificity when compared with heterologous antigens used previously. Preliminary analysis also indicates that the higher sensitivity could result in earlier detection of infected persons. These data demonstrate that even in the absence of a virus isolate, the necessary homologous antigen can be produced and can serve to improve the detection and diagnostic capabilities needed to combat this newly recognized fatal respiratory illness in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 42 TC 174 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 3 BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90101-R PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA MK285 UT WOS:A1993MK28500010 PM 8109165 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB ROBINSON, LE AF FISHBEIN, DB ROBINSON, LE TI RABIES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; MID-ATLANTIC STATES; RECOMBINANT VIRUS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 96 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 22 BP 1632 EP 1638 DI 10.1056/NEJM199311253292208 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ546 UT WOS:A1993MJ54600008 PM 8232433 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD AF FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD TI GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN ADULTS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 22 BP 1659 EP 1659 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ546 UT WOS:A1993MJ54600030 ER PT J AU MEYER, RE BUESCHER, PA RYAN, K AF MEYER, RE BUESCHER, PA RYAN, K TI PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES AMONG WOMEN WITH DIABETES - NORTH-CAROLINA, 1989-1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 847-851, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,DIV MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,RALEIGH,NC. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP MEYER, RE (reprint author), N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,STATE CTR HLTH & ENVIRONM STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27611, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 20 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MG671 UT WOS:A1993MG67100005 ER PT J AU NELSON, M DALES, L FREDERICK, P HOUSEKNECHT, R LAMB, P AF NELSON, M DALES, L FREDERICK, P HOUSEKNECHT, R LAMB, P TI MEASLES - UNITED-STATES, 1ST 26 WEEKS, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 813-816, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP NELSON, M (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,IMMUNIZAT BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 24 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 20 BP 2423 EP 2424 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MG671 UT WOS:A1993MG67100004 ER PT J AU MAHY, BWJ ALMOND, JW BERNS, KI CHANOCK, RM LVOV, DK PETTERSSON, RF SCHATZMAYR, HG FENNER, F AF MAHY, BWJ ALMOND, JW BERNS, KI CHANOCK, RM LVOV, DK PETTERSSON, RF SCHATZMAYR, HG FENNER, F TI THE REMAINING STOCKS OF SMALLPOX VIRUS SHOULD BE DESTROYED SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DNA C1 DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. LUDWIG INST CANC RES,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. OSWALDO CRUZ FDN,DEPT VIROL,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV READING,SCH ANIM & MICROBIAL SCI,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAROLINSKA INST,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,JOHN CURTIN SCH MED RES,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP MAHY, BWJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 19 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5137 BP 1223 EP 1224 DI 10.1126/science.8235651 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MH324 UT WOS:A1993MH32400026 PM 8235651 ER PT J AU ALLEN, S FEDDERSEN, R FOUCAR, K HJELLE, B JAMES, D JENISON, S KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G SIMPSON, S WILLIAMS, J NOLTE, K SEWELL, CM SANDS, L RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE DIXON, FR MCFARLAND, L DAMROW, TA DISALVO, A SHIRELEY, LA FLEMING, D SENGER, KA SIMPSON, DM NICHOLS, CR AF ALLEN, S FEDDERSEN, R FOUCAR, K HJELLE, B JAMES, D JENISON, S KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G SIMPSON, S WILLIAMS, J NOLTE, K SEWELL, CM SANDS, L RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE DIXON, FR MCFARLAND, L DAMROW, TA DISALVO, A SHIRELEY, LA FLEMING, D SENGER, KA SIMPSON, DM NICHOLS, CR TI UPDATE - HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 816-820, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SER,PHOENIX,AZ. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. IDAHO DEPT HLTH & WELF,DIV HLTH,BOISE,ID. N DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,STATE HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH,PIERRE,SD 57501. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT 59620. NEVADA STATE DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV HLTH,STATE HLTH LAB,CARSON CITY,NV 89710. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. RP ALLEN, S (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 19 BP 2287 EP 2288 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MF993 UT WOS:A1993MF99300007 ER PT J AU STAYNER, L STEENLAND, K GREIFE, A HORNUNG, R HAYES, RB NOWLIN, S MORAWETZ, J RINGENBURG, V ELLIOT, L HALPERIN, W AF STAYNER, L STEENLAND, K GREIFE, A HORNUNG, R HAYES, RB NOWLIN, S MORAWETZ, J RINGENBURG, V ELLIOT, L HALPERIN, W TI EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF CANCER MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE OXIDE; LEUKEMIA; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES; INHALATION; HEMOGLOBIN; LEUKEMIA; HEALTH; MODEL; RISK; RATS AB The authors previously reported results from the largest cohort mortality study of ethylene oxide-exposed workers that has been conducted to date. Here they extend their previous work by quantitatively examining the relation between cancer mortality and ethylene oxide exposure. This study included workers from 13 of the 14 geographically distinct facilities that were included in the previous investigation. These facilities began regularly using ethylene oxide to sterilize medical supplies or spices sometime between 1938 and 1969. Workers were followed from first exposure through December 31, 1987. Historical exposures to ethylene oxide were estimated using a regression model. Standard life-table analysis was used to examine cancer mortality in three categories of cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide. The Cox proportional hazards model was also used to examine cumulative and other measures of ethylene oxide exposure as predictors of cancer mortality. In both the life-table analysis and the Cox model, a positive trend was observed in all lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer mortality for cumulative ethylene oxide exposure. This trend was strengthened when ethylene oxide exposures 10 years prior to death were discounted (lagged) and when the analysis was restricted to neoplasms of lymphoid cell origin. Despite limitations discussed in this paper, the authors believe that these findings provide some support for the hypothesis that exposure to ethylene oxide increases the risk of mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms. The authors intend to continue follow-up of this relatively young cohort, which may allow more definitive conclusions to be drawn in the future. C1 NCI,ATLANTA,GA. INT CHEM WORKERS UNION,CTR WORKERS HLTH & SAFETY EDUC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP STAYNER, L (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,MS C-15,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 10 BP 787 EP 798 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ML239 UT WOS:A1993ML23900002 PM 8237967 ER PT J AU SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA MURRAY, WE HORNUNG, RW AF SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA MURRAY, WE HORNUNG, RW TI MAGNETIC-FIELDS OF VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS AND SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SCHNORR, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 10 BP 902 EP 902 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ML239 UT WOS:A1993ML23900013 PM 8305042 ER PT J AU AYALA, IA VERGARA, CM TOMER, A KELLAR, KL AF AYALA, IA VERGARA, CM TOMER, A KELLAR, KL TI EXPRESSION OF MEGAKARYOCYTE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS ON CD34 CELLS AND THEIR PROGENY GENERATED IN LIQUID CULTURE SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A70 EP A70 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68200268 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, JA EVATT, B WIDEMAN, C GRIFFIN, JH AF FERNANDEZ, JA EVATT, B WIDEMAN, C GRIFFIN, JH TI DEFECTIVE ANTICOAGULANT RESPONSE TO ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C (APC) IS COMMON IN VENOUS THROMBOPHILIA AND CORRECTED BY A NOVEL ANTICOAGULANT PLASMA FACTOR SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Fernandez, Jose/A-3211-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A212 EP A212 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68200833 ER PT J AU GILL, JC ALTER, MJ LAMBERT, S FOSTER, P AF GILL, JC ALTER, MJ LAMBERT, S FOSTER, P TI INVESTIGATION OF HEPATITIS-A FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO A UNITED-STATES SOLVENT DETERGENT-TREATED CLOTTING FACTOR CONCENTRATE SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. BLOOD CTR SE WISCONSIN INC,MILWAUKEE,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A588 EP A588 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68202336 ER PT J AU HJELLER, B SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S NICHOL, ST AF HJELLER, B SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S NICHOL, ST TI ACUTE INFECTION BY 4 CORNERS HANTAVIRUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL-RNA SEQUENCES IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS AND PLASMA SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A189 EP A189 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68200741 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM EVATT, BL TI UP-REGULATION OF PROTEIN-S SECRETION IN THE HUMAN HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELL DURING IL-6 EXPOSURE SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A282 EP A282 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68201112 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM GEORGE, VG ADES, EW EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM GEORGE, VG ADES, EW EVATT, BL TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA DOWN-REGULATES PROTEIN-S SECRETION IN THE HUMAN HMEC-1 MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE BUT NOT IN THE HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELL LINE SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A277 EP A277 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68201091 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC RENSHAW, M FUKUHARA, K GOODWYN, D SERGENTON, S VOGLER, WR AF HOOPER, WC RENSHAW, M FUKUHARA, K GOODWYN, D SERGENTON, S VOGLER, WR TI DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC USES OF CALCITONIN-GENE HYPERMETHYLATION IN ACUTE-LEUKEMIA SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A53 EP A53 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68200198 ER PT J AU JIANG, BM MONROE, SS KOONIN, EV STINE, SE GLASS, RI AF JIANG, BM MONROE, SS KOONIN, EV STINE, SE GLASS, RI TI RNA SEQUENCE OF ASTROVIRUS - DISTINCTIVE GENOMIC ORGANIZATION AND A PUTATIVE RETROVIRUS-LIKE RIBOSOMAL FRAMESHIFTING SIGNAL THAT DIRECTS THE VIRAL REPLICASE SYNTHESIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROTEINS; DOMAIN; GASTROENTERITIS; SUPERFAMILY; POLYPROTEIN; DELINEATION; PSEUDOKNOT AB The genomic RNA of human astrovirus was sequenced and found to contain 6797 nt organized into three open reading frames (1a, 1b, and 2). A potential ribosomal frameshift site identified in the overlap region of open reading frames 1a and 1b consists of a ''shifty'' heptanucleotide and an RNA stem-loop structure that closely resemble those at the gag-pro junction of some retroviruses. This translation frameshift may result in the suppression of in-frame amber termination at the end of open reading frame 1a and the synthesis of a nonstructural, fusion polyprotein that contains the putative protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Comparative sequence analysis indicated that the protease and polymerase of astrovirus are only distantly related to the respective enzymes of other positive-strand RNA viruses. The astrovirus polyprotein lacks the RNA helicase domain typical of other positive-strand RNA viruses of similar genome size. The genomic organization and expression strategy of astrovirus, with the protease and the polymerase brought together by predicted frameshift, most closely resembled those of plant luteoviruses. Specific features of the sequence and genomic organization support the classification of astroviruses as an additional family of positive-strand RNA viruses, designated Astroviridae. C1 NIH,NATL CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP JIANG, BM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 51 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 22 BP 10539 EP 10543 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10539 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MH322 UT WOS:A1993MH32200027 PM 8248142 ER PT J AU EWERT, D BENDANA, N TORMEY, M KILMAN, L MASCOLA, L GRESHAM, LS GINSBERG, MM TANNER, PA BARTZEN, ME HUNT, S MARKS, RS PETER, CR MOHLEBOETANI, J FENSTERSHEIB, M GANS, J COY, K LISKA, S ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R BARRETT, L REILLY, K WANG, M WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW AF EWERT, D BENDANA, N TORMEY, M KILMAN, L MASCOLA, L GRESHAM, LS GINSBERG, MM TANNER, PA BARTZEN, ME HUNT, S MARKS, RS PETER, CR MOHLEBOETANI, J FENSTERSHEIB, M GANS, J COY, K LISKA, S ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R BARRETT, L REILLY, K WANG, M WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW TI OUTBREAKS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS GASTROENTERITIS - CALIFORNIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 793-797, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. SANTA CLARA CTY HLTH DEPT,DIS CONTROL & PREVENT UNIT,SAN JOSE,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP EWERT, D (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 18 BP 2160 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME816 UT WOS:A1993ME81600009 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, W SKALA, M DONELON, I DONNELL, HD AF SCHMIDT, W SKALA, M DONELON, I DONNELL, HD TI MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING THE MIDWEST FLOOD - MISSOURI, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 797-798, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,OFF DIRECTOR,PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS ACT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHMIDT, W (reprint author), MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 18 BP 2164 EP 2164 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME816 UT WOS:A1993ME81600011 ER PT J AU LINDEGREN, ML ATKINSON, WL FARIZO, KM STEHRGREEN, PA AF LINDEGREN, ML ATKINSON, WL FARIZO, KM STEHRGREEN, PA TI MEASLES VACCINATION IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING A MEASLES OUTBREAK SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL SETTINGS; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; OPPORTUNITIES; INFANTS; HEALTH; CARE AB Objective.-To determine the proportion of preschool-aged patients attending two inner-city hospital pediatric emergency departments (EDs) who were eligible for measles vaccination, to describe their demographic and clinical characteristics, and to assess the performance of the ED immunization programs that were implemented during a measles outbreak in vaccinating eligible children. Design.-Cross-sectional study. Setting.-Pediatric EDs of two urban hospitals in Chicago, Ill, in 1989. Participants.-Children 6 months to 5 years of age seen in the EDs. Intervention.-None. Main Outcome Measures.-The proportion of preschool-aged patients attending the two EDs who were eligible for measles vaccination and the proportion of vaccine-eligible children who were given measles vaccine. Results.-508 ED patients at hospital A and 255 patients at hospital B, 18% and 29%, respectively, were considered to be vaccine eligible. The most common discharge diagnoses of eligible patients were viral syndrome, otitis media, and minor trauma. Of vaccine-eligible patients, 59% at hospitals A and B were not vaccinated in the ED. At hospital B, patients with an infectious or respiratory disease diagnosis were less likely to be vaccinated than those with other diagnoses (P<.05). Conclusions.-Many children seen in these EDs were eligible for measles vaccination, and many eligible patients were not vaccinated. During community outbreaks of measles, optimal vaccination programs in pediatric EDs could increase vaccination coverage among inner-city preschool-aged children who may have limited access to health care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MAILSTOP EO5,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 18 BP 2185 EP 2189 DI 10.1001/jama.270.18.2185 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME816 UT WOS:A1993ME81600028 PM 8411600 ER PT J AU IKEDA, RM KONDRACKI, SF DRABKIN, PD BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL AF IKEDA, RM KONDRACKI, SF DRABKIN, PD BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL TI PLEURODYNIA AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT A HIGH-SCHOOL - AN OUTBREAK ASSOCIATED WITH COXSACKIEVIRUS-B1 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS AB Objective.-Enteroviral outbreaks involving athletic teams have been described, although the mode of transmission has been unclear. In September 1991, an out-break of pleurodynia among high school football players provided an opportunity to identify possible modes of transmission. Design.-Retrospective cohort outbreak investigation. Setting.-Public high school in upstate New York. Results.-Illness was reported by 17 (20%) of the football players. Behaviors involving contact with common water containers were associated with illness, including eating ice cubes from the team ice chest (relative risk [RR], 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 65.5) and drinking water f rom the team cooler (RR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 25.7). Coxsackievirus B1 was isolated in four (50%) of the eight stool specimens collected. Conclusions.-Contamination of common water containers by an infected player may have contributed to or initiated the outbreak. In addition to discouraging direct oral contact with common drinking containers, use of individual water containers and ice packs for injuries was recommended. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12201. RP IKEDA, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 18 BP 2205 EP 2206 DI 10.1001/jama.270.18.2205 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME816 UT WOS:A1993ME81600032 PM 8411604 ER PT J AU DESTEFANO, F MERRITT, RK ANDA, RF CASPER, ML EAKER, ED AF DESTEFANO, F MERRITT, RK ANDA, RF CASPER, ML EAKER, ED TI TRENDS IN NONFATAL CORONARY HEART-DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980 THROUGH 1989 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY AB Background: Although coronary heart disease mortality has been decreasing, little is known about trends in morbidity from coronary heart disease. We evaluated trends in nonfatal coronary heart disease in the United States during 1980 through 1989. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing survey of representative samples of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Survey respondents were determined to have coronary heart disease if they reported ever having a myocardial infarction or heart attack, angina pectoris, or coronary heart disease. Incidence was defined as initial onset of a coronary heart disease condition during the year preceding the interview date. Results: About 6 million people were estimated to be living with coronary heart disease. The age-standardized prevalence was relatively constant at about 25 per 1000. Among white men, however, prevalence increased significantly over the 10-year period. Among 75- to 84-year-old men, prevalence increased from 100 per 1000 in 1980 to 179 per 1000 in 1989. Among men and women 45 to 54 years old, prevalence decreased. Overall, the incidence rate of nonfatal coronary heart disease was relatively flat (at about 3 per 1000 per year after 1983). Among white women, the incidence rate increased from 1.4 to 2.8 per 1000, and by the end of the decade it nearly equaled the incidence rate among white men. Conclusions: Overall, the burden of nonfatal coronary heart disease remained fairly constant during the 1980s. The trends, however, were not uniform in all population groups. The apparent increasing incidence among women deserves continued monitoring. An encouraging trend is the decreasing prevalence in the younger age groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP DESTEFANO, F (reprint author), MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,1000 N OAK AVE,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449, USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 8 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 21 BP 2489 EP 2494 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.21.2489 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME659 UT WOS:A1993ME65900011 PM 8215754 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JM PETERS, CJ COHEN, ML MAHY, BWJ AF HUGHES, JM PETERS, CJ COHEN, ML MAHY, BWJ TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - AN EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ETIOLOGIC AGENT RP HUGHES, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 5 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5135 BP 850 EP 851 DI 10.1126/science.8235607 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MF438 UT WOS:A1993MF43800024 PM 8235607 ER PT J AU NICHOL, ST SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A CHILDS, J ZAKI, S PETERS, CJ AF NICHOL, ST SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A CHILDS, J ZAKI, S PETERS, CJ TI GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF A HANTAVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH AN OUTBREAK OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME SEGMENT; VIRUS; RNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HANTAAN AB A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents. RP NICHOL, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 790 Z9 819 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 5 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5135 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.1126/science.8235615 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MF438 UT WOS:A1993MF43800041 PM 8235615 ER PT J AU GINSBERG, C LOFFREDO, L AF GINSBERG, C LOFFREDO, L TI VIOLENCE-RELATED ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - NEW-YORK-CITY, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 773-777, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK CITY PUBL SCH,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GINSBERG, C (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 17 BP 2032 EP 2033 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD882 UT WOS:A1993MD88200005 ER PT J AU WOLITSKI, RJ RADZISZEWSKA, B AF WOLITSKI, RJ RADZISZEWSKA, B TI SELF-REPORTED HIV-ANTIBODY TESTING AMONG PERSONS WITH SELECTED RISK BEHAVIORS - SOUTHERN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 786-789, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WOLITSKI, RJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 17 BP 2033 EP 2034 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD882 UT WOS:A1993MD88200006 ER PT J AU KAHLER, M KUHSE, W WINTERMEYER, LA AF KAHLER, M KUHSE, W WINTERMEYER, LA TI UNINTENTIONAL CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING FROM INDOOR USE OF PRESSURE WASHERS - IOWA, JANUARY 1992 JANUARY 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 777-779, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAHLER, M (reprint author), IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 17 BP 2034 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD882 UT WOS:A1993MD88200007 ER PT J AU MATTE, T BINDER, S AF MATTE, T BINDER, S TI COSTS AND BENEFITS OF LEAD SCREENING - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP MATTE, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 17 BP 2054 EP 2055 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD882 UT WOS:A1993MD88200021 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T KOUADIO, J MARAN, M BRATTEGAARD, K VETTER, KM DOORLY, R GAYLE, HD AF DECOCK, KM ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T KOUADIO, J MARAN, M BRATTEGAARD, K VETTER, KM DOORLY, R GAYLE, HD TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF HIV-2 - WHY THERE IS NO HIV-2 PANDEMIC SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2; COTE-DIVOIRE; WEST-AFRICA; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; GUINEA-BISSAU; IVORY-COAST; INFECTION; ABIDJAN; WOMEN; AIDS AB Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 share modes of transmission, their epidemiologic characteristics differ and international spread of HIV-2 has been very limited. Recently, the prevalence of infection with HIV-1 but not HIV-2 has increased rapidly in different West African countries, where HIV-2 was probably present earlier. Among 19 701 women of reproductive age tested in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, between 1988 and 1992, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection increased from 5.0% to 9.2%, while that of HIV-2 declined from 2.6% to 1.5%. Differences in viral load may be responsible: reported results of virus culture and polymerase chain reaction assays suggest that at high CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts viral load is lower in HIV-2-infected than in HIV-1-infected persons; the efficacy of heterosexual and perinatal transmission of HIV-2 is less efficient than that of HIV-1 at this stage. At low (<0.20 x 10(9)/L [<200/muL]) CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, virus isolation is equally successful for both viruses, and the efficacy of heterosexual transmission is similar. Differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2 natural history are reflected in differences in viral load, that for HIV-2 being lower until immunodeficiency is severe. Differences in viral load throughout most of the natural history of infection appear to correlate with lower transmissibility of HIV-2 than HIV-1, and are the likeliest explanation for their markedly different global epidemiology. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 49 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 3 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 17 BP 2083 EP 2086 DI 10.1001/jama.270.17.2083 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD882 UT WOS:A1993MD88200028 PM 8147962 ER PT J AU POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE ROTHENBERG, RB MUTH, SQ DARROW, WW MUTH, JB REYNOLDS, JU AF POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE ROTHENBERG, RB MUTH, SQ DARROW, WW MUTH, JB REYNOLDS, JU TI AIDS IN COLORADO-SPRINGS - IS THERE AN EPIDEMIC SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIV INFECTION; PREVENTION; SOCIAL NETWORKS; SURVEILLANCE ID PREVALENCE AB Objective: To analyze trends and patterns of HIV infection in a medium-sized community in the United States. Methods: Surveillance for AIDS and HIV infection was conducted by private physicians, military and public clinics, and blood and plasma donation centers. HIV-positive individuals were contacted and asked to refer their sex and injection partners for HIV-antibody testing. Prostitutes, injecting drug users and their sex partners were studied. Selected physicians were surveyed to assess under-reporting. Results: The 740 HIV-infected adults (67 with documented seroconversion) included 506 with no evidence of AIDS, 58 living with AIDS, and 176 who had died. Of the 126 patients cared for by local physicians, 107 (85%) had been reported. No major changes in behavioral risk factors or increases in the number of HIV-infected individuals occurred between 1986 (128) and 1992 (95). Conclusions: Characteristics of individuals at risk and incidence of HIV infection have remained stable from 1981 to 1992. Analysis of data from the comprehensive surveillance and control program established in Colorado Springs in response to the AIDS epidemic suggests that, unlike the nation's epicenters, HIV incidence in this location is neither widespread nor rapidly increasing. The age distribution of reported cases is slowly increasing, and the ratio of newly reported cases to deaths is declining, implying stable or decreasing incidence; deaths may soon exceed new cases. Using data routinely available to public health officials, we conclude that the epidemiologic picture of AIDS - like the clinical one - must be heterogenous, and that rational planning for the impact of AIDS should be based on the collection and analysis of local data. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP POTTERAT, JJ (reprint author), EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,301 S UNION BLVD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80910, USA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1517 EP 1521 DI 10.1097/00002030-199311000-00017 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MD962 UT WOS:A1993MD96200017 PM 8280420 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ AF SIMONDS, RJ TI HIV TRANSMISSION BY ORGAN AND TISSUE-TRANSPLANTATION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; HIV TRANSMISSION; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; HIV SERODIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; HTLV-III; INFECTION; RECIPIENTS; KIDNEY; POPULATION; AIDS; CYCLOSPORINE AB Purpose: Published reports in English of HIV infection in organ and tissue recipients were reviewed to examine (1) the effect of donor screening, allograft type, and allograft processing on risk of HIV transmission by transplantation; (2) the antibody response to HIV infection in organ recipients taking antirejection therapy; and (3) survival following transplantation for HIV-infected organ recipients. Data extraction: Date of transplant, timing of HIV infection in relation to transplant, type of allograft, type of antirejection therapy, duration of follow-up, time to death, and time to antigen and antibody appearance were recorded for each of 32 reports. Results: HIV transmission associated with transplantation of kidney (n = 50), liver (n = 13), heart (n = 6), pancreas (n = 1), bone (n = 4), and skin (n = 1) has been reported. In all but 14 cases, transplantation occurred before routine donor screening for HIV antibody began. In addition, 24 cases of an organ transplant after the recipient became HIV-infected have been reported. Non-transmission of HIV from HIV-infected donors has also been reported in recipients of corneas (n = 9), bone (n = 26), other musculoskeletal tissue (n = 3), dura mater (n = 3), and kidneys (n = 2). Of 40 recipients with organ transplantation-associated infection who were tested for HIV antibody within 6 months of transplantation, 34 (85%) tested positive; only one recipient remained seronegative more than 6 months after transplantation. Estimated 1- and 5-year survival following transplantation for 61 HIV-infected kidney recipients was 90 and 50%, respectively. Conclusions: With current screening practices, HIV transmission by transplantation is rare. The transmission risk appears lower for recipients of processed or avascular tissues. The antibody response to HIV infection in organ recipients taking immunosuppressive therapy is similar to that reported in other infected people. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 SU 2 BP S35 EP S38 DI 10.1097/00002030-199311002-00008 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MU109 UT WOS:A1993MU10900008 PM 8161444 ER PT J AU SANDSTROM, PA ROBERTS, B FOLKS, TM BUTTKE, TM AF SANDSTROM, PA ROBERTS, B FOLKS, TM BUTTKE, TM TI HIV GENE-EXPRESSION ENHANCES T-CELL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR KAPPA-B; INFECTED-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LYMPHOCYTE-T AB A human T cell lineage was used to determine the possible effects of HIV infection on T cell antioxidant status. On inoculation into serum-free culture, 8E5, a constitutive HIV-expressing T cell line, underwent apoptosis whereas cell death was not observed with the uninfected A3.01 or latently HIV-infected 8E5L T cell lines. 8E5 survival was markedly prolonged by supplementing the serum-free medium with either A3.01-conditioned medium, catalase, vitamin E, or 2-mercaptoethanol, but supplementation with ascorbic acid, glutathione, or N-acetylcysteine had no effect. Consistent with their being in a state of oxidative stress, 8E5 cells displayed reduced levels of catalase activity, and were more susceptible to killing by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than A3.01 and 8E5L cells. These results demonstrate an inverse correlation between HIV gene expression and antioxidant status in human T cells. Enhanced cytotoxicity of HIV-infected, antioxidant-deficient CD4 T cells following exposure to H2O2 in lymphoid tissues responding to opportunistic pathogens may contribute to the depletion of CD4 T cells in AIDS. C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 50 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.1107 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MK130 UT WOS:A1993MK13000009 PM 7906132 ER PT J AU KITAMURA, K BESANSKY, NJ RUDOLPH, D NUTMAN, TB FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF KITAMURA, K BESANSKY, NJ RUDOLPH, D NUTMAN, TB FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI UNINTEGRATED 2-LONG TERMINAL REPEAT CIRCULAR HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS-DNA ACCUMULATION DURING CHRONIC HTLV INFECTION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; I INFECTION; VIRAL-DNA; MEMBERS; TISSUE; AIDS AB Accumulation of unintegrated human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) DNA was analyzed in long-term T cell lines infected with HTLV type I (HTLV-I) or type II (HTLV-II). By using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, amplified products of expected size were obtained in all of the HTLV-I-infected (n = 7) and HTLV-II-infected (n = 8) cell lines. The signal intensities of the hybridizing band varied greatly among the cell lines and did not correlate with HTLV p24(gag) antigen production. Further analysis of HTLV-I-infected clones demonstrated considerable variability in the unintegrated DNA accumulation, suggesting that either the epigenetic status of the host cell or some environmental factor determines the occurrence of unintegrated DNA. The presence of lower levels of unintegrated DNA in most of the HTLV-infected, long-term cell lines presumably results in persistent noncytopathic infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20894. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.1167 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MK130 UT WOS:A1993MK13000016 PM 8312058 ER PT J AU SPENCER, AB GRESSEL, MG AF SPENCER, AB GRESSEL, MG TI A HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) applied Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis to examine hazards during the use of anhydrous ammonia by farmers. This analysis evaluated the storage, transfer, and application of anhydrous ammonia, identifying credible hazard scenarios, practical solutions, and research needs. Ninety-five findings were developed that are of use to farmers, distributors of ammonia and application equipment, and manufacturers of application equipment. The findings generally involve training, equipment design changes, preventive maintenance, and material compatibilities. The HAZOP team found that additional safety features need to be developed or implemented. The study also pointed out where correct operator procedure and preventive maintenance can prevent inadvertent releases. Other inadvertent releases are caused by incompatible materials, or by using equipment in ways other than intended. Several examples of the findings are given to emphasize the HAZOP technique and the high-risk scenarios. Strategies for dissemination to the agricultural community are presented. RP SPENCER, AB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 54 IS 11 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1993)054<0671:AHAOSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK762 UT WOS:A1993MK76200007 PM 8256691 ER PT J AU KIM, I YETLEY, EA CALVO, MS AF KIM, I YETLEY, EA CALVO, MS TI VARIATIONS IN IRON-STATUS MEASURES DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE IRON; HEMOGLOBIN; MENSTRUATION; FERRITIN; TRANSFERRIN SATURATION; NHANES-II ID PROGESTERONE; DEFICIENCY AB To determine whether normal physiologic changes associated with hormone fluctuations over the menstrual cycle affect concentrations of iron-status indicators, we examined data from 1712 women aged 18-44 y from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted mean values of hemoglobin (Hb), transferrin saturation (TS), and serum ferritin (SF) were lowest for women whose blood was drawn during menses and highest for women examined in luteal or late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (Hb = 130 vs 133 g/L; TS = 21.2% vs 24.8%, P < 0.01 for both; and SF = 17.2 vs 24.0 mug/L, P < 0.05). The prevalence estimate of impaired iron status was significantly higher for women whose blood was drawn during the menstrual phase than for women whose blood was drawn during the luteal and late luteal phases. Our findings suggest that the phases of the menstrual cycle affect the concentration or values of iron-status indicators. These cyclic variations in indicators of iron status are a potential source of error when iron status is assessed in large population surveys that include women of reproductive age. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE STAFF,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF PREMARKET APPROVAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF SPECIAL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 705 EP 709 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME259 UT WOS:A1993ME25900020 PM 8237879 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, BA FORBES, AL WHITE, JS GLINSMANN, WH AF BOWMAN, BA FORBES, AL WHITE, JS GLINSMANN, WH TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF DIETARY FRUCTOSE - INTRODUCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENTAL-CARIES C1 ALLAN L FORBES INC, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. AE STALEY MFG CO, DECATUR, IL USA. US DEPT HHS, OFF DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, WASHINGTON, DC 20201 USA. RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, MS F-18, 4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY, NE, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 SU S BP 721 EP 723 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF185 UT WOS:A1993MF18500001 ER PT J AU GLINSMANN, WH BOWMAN, BA AF GLINSMANN, WH BOWMAN, BA TI THE PUBLIC-HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF DIETARY FRUCTOSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FRUCTOSE; FRUCTOSE SAFETY; ADVERSE EFFECTS; HEALTH EFFECTS; PUBLIC HEALTH ID HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; LIPOPROTEINS AB It is increasingly appreciated that some foods and food components, including fructose, have specific health benefits and/or potential risks. This recognition is associated with varied health claims and cautionary statements that can drive dynamic changes in food manufacture, selection, consumption, and views about food safety. It is imperative that the scientific and public health communities develop clear standards for evaluating potential benefits and risks, a process for accurately conveying sound public health information to consumers, and a mechanism for monitoring future changes in the food supply and relating these changes to potential health effects. In this paper we discuss specific and general considerations about the health effects of dietary fructose and provide a perspective on their public health significance. On the basis of currently available information, there is little basis for recommending increased or decreased use of fructose in the general food supply or in products for special dietary use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP US DEPT HHS, OFF DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, WASHINGTON, DC 20201 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 SU S BP 820 EP 823 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF185 UT WOS:A1993MF18500015 ER PT J AU DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M AF DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M TI MENTAL-RETARDATION IN 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN RELATION TO THEIR MOTHERS EMPLOYMENT DURING PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE APPAREL INDUSTRY; COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; TEXTILE INDUSTRY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURES ID VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INUTERO EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; WOMEN WORKING; LEAD-EXPOSURE; BIRTH-DEFECTS AB We conducted a case-control study to examine relationships between potential risk factors in women's prenatal occupational histories and subsequent mental retardation in their 10-year-old children. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient less than 7 1) were identified from special education records maintained by the public school systems in the metropolitan Atlanta area and from records of various medical and social service agencies serving children with special needs. Control children were chosen from the rosters of 10-year-olds who were enrolled in regular education classes in the local public school systems. To obtain occupational histories, sociodemographic data, and other information, we interviewed 352 natural mothers (67%) of 525 case children and 408 natural mothers (64%) of 636 control children. We computed odds ratios for each of 25 selected occupation, industry, and agent categories controlling for maternal education, birth order, and race. Most comparisons yielded odds ratios that were not indicative of unusual risks, but we did find lower than expected risks among children of teachers and health-care professionals. We also found a strong, positive association between mental retardation and maternal employment in the textile and apparel industries. The findings are useful for planning the direction of future studies of childhood cognitive ability to focus on specific parental occupations or industries. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 24 IS 5 BP 567 EP 586 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700240507 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MD084 UT WOS:A1993MD08400006 PM 8266932 ER PT J AU ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR BLACKMORE, CA FERRE, CD HATFIELDTIMAJCHY, K BRANCH, P ATRASH, HK AF ROWLEY, DL HOGUE, CJR BLACKMORE, CA FERRE, CD HATFIELDTIMAJCHY, K BRANCH, P ATRASH, HK TI PRETERM DELIVERY AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN - A RESEARCH STRATEGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP ROWLEY, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Hogue, Carol/H-5442-2012 NR 0 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 SU S BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MR851 UT WOS:A1993MR85100002 PM 8123282 ER PT J AU HATCH, J MOSS, N SARAN, A PRESLEYCANTRELL, L MALLORY, C AF HATCH, J MOSS, N SARAN, A PRESLEYCANTRELL, L MALLORY, C TI COMMUNITY RESEARCH - PARTNERSHIP IN BLACK-COMMUNITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 SU S BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MR851 UT WOS:A1993MR85100005 PM 8123284 ER PT J AU MCLEAN, DE HATFIELDTIMAJCHY, K WINGO, PA FLOYD, RL AF MCLEAN, DE HATFIELDTIMAJCHY, K WINGO, PA FLOYD, RL TI PSYCHOSOCIAL MEASUREMENT - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF PRETERM DELIVERY IN BLACK-WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCLEAN, DE (reprint author), CARE OF ROWLEY DL,CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 SU S BP 39 EP 81 PG 43 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MR851 UT WOS:A1993MR85100008 PM 8123286 ER PT J AU KRIEGER, N ROWLEY, DL HERMAN, AA AVERY, B PHILLIPS, MT AF KRIEGER, N ROWLEY, DL HERMAN, AA AVERY, B PHILLIPS, MT TI RACISM, SEXISM, AND SOCIAL-CLASS - IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDIES OF HEALTH, DISEASE, AND WELL-BEING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K23,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 464 Z9 472 U1 4 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 SU S BP 82 EP 122 PG 41 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MR851 UT WOS:A1993MR85100009 PM 8123288 ER PT J AU BECERRA, JE ATRASH, HK PEREZ, N SALICETI, JA AF BECERRA, JE ATRASH, HK PEREZ, N SALICETI, JA TI LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AND INFANT-MORTALITY IN PUERTO-RICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RACE; REGRESSION; ETHNICITY; RISK AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of maternal age, education, marital status, hospital of birth, and use of prenatal care to the high incidence of low birthweight and infant mortality in Puerto Rico. Methods. An analysis was conducted of 257 537 live births that occurred from 1986 through 1989 among Puerto Rico residents and the 3373 corresponding infant deaths. Binomial multiple regression models were used to calculate the adjusted population attributable risks for each variable. Results. Our estimates indicate that approximately 6 of every 10 infant deaths on the island are potentially preventable if low birthweight were eradicated, regardless of other associated factors. Eliminating risks associated with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors (including hospital of birth) would potentially decrease the incidence of low birthweight in Puerto Rico by one third. Specifically, the elimination of risks associated with the socioeconomic disadvantage of women delivering in public hospitals alone would potentially decrease Puerto Rico's low birthweight incidence by 28%, regardless of other factors considered in our study. Conclusions. Efforts to prevent low birthweight and infant mortality in Puerto Rico should focus on reducing the gap between the private and public sectors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BECERRA, JE (reprint author), PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,POB 70184,SAN JUAN,PR 00936, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1572 EP 1576 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.11.1572 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF808 UT WOS:A1993MF80800014 PM 8238681 ER PT J AU NUTTING, PA FREEMAN, WL RISSER, DR HELGERSON, SD PAISANO, R HISNANICK, J BEAVER, SK PETERS, I CARNEY, JP SPEERS, MA AF NUTTING, PA FREEMAN, WL RISSER, DR HELGERSON, SD PAISANO, R HISNANICK, J BEAVER, SK PETERS, I CARNEY, JP SPEERS, MA TI CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG AMERICAN-INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES, 1980 THROUGH 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GALLBLADDER CANCER; NEW-MEXICO; REPORTING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; DISEASE; RISK; RESERVES AB Objectives. This study uses Indian Health Service inpatient data to estimate cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods. Hospital discharge data for 1980 through 1987 were used to identify cases of cancer for 21 sites in women and 18 sites in men. Estimates of incidence were directly standardized to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for the same time frame. Results. Cancers of the gallbladder, kidney, stomach, and cervix show generally high rates among many American Indian and Alaska Native communities, and cancers of the liver and nasopharynx arc high in Alaska. Of the relatively common cancers in Whites, American Indians and Alaska Natives experience lower rates for cancers of the breast, uterus, ovaries, prostate, lung, colon, rectum, and urinary bladder and for leukemia and melanoma. Variation among geographic areas and among tribal groups is observed for many important cancer sites. Conclusions. This study demonstrates significant variations of cancer rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives, with important implications for Indian Health Service cancer control programs. The study also supports the potential use of hospital discharge data for estimating chronic disease among diverse American Indian and Alaska Native communities. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT FAMILY MED,DENVER,CO 80262. INDIAN HLTH SERV,OFF HLTH PROGRAM RES & DEV,TUCSON,AZ. OFF HLTH PROGRAM RES & DEV,DIV MED SYST RES & DEV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,SEATTLE,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,SEATTLE,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV HEADQUARTERS W,CANC PREVENT & CONTROL PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. INDIAN HLTH SERV,RES PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP NUTTING, PA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR STUDIES FAMILY MED,AMBULATORY SENTINEL PRACTICE NETWORK,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [Y02-CN-90667] NR 44 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1589 EP 1598 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.11.1589 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF808 UT WOS:A1993MF80800017 PM 8238684 ER PT J AU CASPER, M WING, S STROGATZ, D DAVIS, CE TYROLER, HA AF CASPER, M WING, S STROGATZ, D DAVIS, CE TYROLER, HA TI STROKE MORTALITY TRENDS AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG-USE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP CASPER, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS-K-47,ATLANTA,GA 30306, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1643 EP 1643 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.11.1643 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF808 UT WOS:A1993MF80800035 ER PT J AU MAENO, Y STEKETEE, RW NAGATAKE, T TEGOSHI, T DESOWITZ, RS WIRIMA, JJ AIKAWA, M AF MAENO, Y STEKETEE, RW NAGATAKE, T TEGOSHI, T DESOWITZ, RS WIRIMA, JJ AIKAWA, M TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN COMPLEX DEPOSITS IN PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM-INFECTED PLACENTAS FROM MALAWI AND PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA INFECTION; WEST-AFRICA; ANTIBODIES; PREGNANCY; ANTIGEN; GAMBIA; WOMEN; SERA; IGE AB Term placentas from 35 patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were obtained in Malawi in southeast Africa and six term placentas from patients infected with P. falciparum were obtained in Wewak, Papua New Guinea, Melanesia. The placental tissues were examined by light microscopy and by an immunohistologic method to compare the pathologic changes of placentas in the two malaria-endemic countries. Using the number of parasitized red blood cells (PRBC) in intervillous spaces, pregnant women from Malawi with placental parasitemia were categorized into three groups. In the high PRBC group (> 20%, group I), there was no deposition of IgE in fetal blood vessels. In contrast, IgE was observed in fetal blood vessels of the intermediate PRBC group (1-10%, group II) and low PRBC group (< 1%, group III). In all six placentas from Papua New Guinean women, deposition of immune complexes, including IgE, was observed in the fetal blood vessels. All placentas with deposition of IgE in fetal blood vessels showed no sequestration of malaria parasites in intervillous spaces. Our data indicate that the amount of deposition of IgE in the placenta from women infected with P. falciparum is inversely correlated with the degree of parasitemia at that site. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,2085 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HAWAII,JOHN A BURNS SCH MED,DEPT TROP MED & MED MICROBIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96816. UNIV MALAWI,SCH MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 49 IS 5 BP 574 EP 580 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MK141 UT WOS:A1993MK14100006 PM 8250097 ER PT J AU LILLIBRIDGE, SR NOJI, EK BURKLE, FM AF LILLIBRIDGE, SR NOJI, EK BURKLE, FM TI DISASTER ASSESSMENT - THE EMERGENCY HEALTH EVALUATION OF A POPULATION AFFECTED BY A DISASTER SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In the past decade, interest in the operational and epidemiologic aspects of disaster medicine has grown dramatically. State, local, and federal organizations have created vast emergency response networks capable of responding to disasters, while hospitals have developed extensive disaster plans to address mass casualty situations. Increasingly, the US armed forces have used both their ability to mobilize quickly and their medical expertise to provide humanitarian assistance rapidly during natural and manmade disasters. However, the critical component of any disaster response is the early conduct of a proper assessment to identify urgent needs and to determine relief priorities for an affected population. Unfortunately, because this component of disaster management has not kept pace with other developments in emergency response and technology, relief efforts often are inappropriate, delayed, or ineffective, thus contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, improvements in disaster assessment remain the most pressing need in the field of disaster medicine. RP LILLIBRIDGE, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1715 EP 1720 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81311-3 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA MD358 UT WOS:A1993MD35800010 PM 8214862 ER PT J AU CLARK, NC COOKSEY, RC HILL, BC SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC AF CLARK, NC COOKSEY, RC HILL, BC SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC TI CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCOPEPTIDE-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI FROM UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; GENTAMICIN-RESISTANT; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTERIAL-RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; PHEROMONE RESPONSE; FAECIUM BM4147; D-ALANINE; FAECALIS AB We examined 105 clinical isolates of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci collected from 31 U.S. hospitals in 14 states during May 1988 to July 1992. The isolates included 82 Enterococcus faecium, 8 E. faecalis, 6 Enterococcus spp., 5 E. gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, and 1 E. raffinosus. The isolates were categorized into the following four phenotypes of glycopeptide resistance on the basis of their MIC patterns: (i) 70 VanA (vancomycin [Vm] MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 64 mug/ml; teicoplanin [Tei] MIC, 16 to greater-than-or-equal-to 128 mug/ml), (ii) 26 VanB (Vm MIC, 16 to 1,024 mug/ml; Tei MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 2 mug/ml), (iii) 5 VanC Nm MIC, 4 to 16 mug/ml; Tei MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 2 mug/ml) in E. gallinarum, and (iv) 3 E. casseliflavus and 1 E. raffinosus isolates for which Vm MICs were 4 to 16 mug/ml and Tei MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 1 mug/ml were called unclassified. Of the 101 isolates with the VanA, VanB, and VanC phenotypes, 99 were confirmed by production of a specific 1,030-, 433-, or 796-bp polymerase chain reaction product, respectively, and hybridization with the respective gene probe. The vanA gene was also detected in the E. raffinosus isolate for which the Vm MIC was 16 mug/ml and the Tei MIC was 1 mug/ml. The vanA gene was located on either a 34- or a 60-kb plasmid in all of the U.S. isolates examined. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated both intrahospital and interhospital diversity among Vm(r) enterococci in the United States and was more useful than plasmid analysis for epidemiologic studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CLARK, NC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 274 Z9 284 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2311 EP 2317 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ME819 UT WOS:A1993ME81900010 PM 8285611 ER PT J AU DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D AF DHARA, VR KRIEBEL, D TI THE BHOPAL GAS DISASTER - ITS NOT TOO LATE FOR SOUND EPIDEMIOLOGY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE; VICTIMS; LEAK C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL,DEPT WORK ENVIRONM,LOWELL,MA. RP DHARA, VR (reprint author), DIV HLTH STUDIES,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 436 EP 437 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK137 UT WOS:A1993MK13700008 PM 8250596 ER PT J AU HANCOCK, JS TAYLOR, RN JOHNSON, CA GERBER, AR SCHALLA, WO AF HANCOCK, JS TAYLOR, RN JOHNSON, CA GERBER, AR SCHALLA, WO TI QUALITY OF LABORATORY PERFORMANCE IN TESTING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ANTIBODY - IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH LABORATORY PERFORMANCE SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV; INFECTION; CENTERS; PROGRAM AB To identify factors that may affect the quality of laboratory performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Model Performance Evaluation Program surveyed laboratories in 1989 that performed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot tests for HIV-1 antibody. Panels of 10 HIV-1-antibody-positive and antibody-negative plasma samples, some of which were duplicates, were mailed to program-participating laboratories. Laboratories were also mailed survey questionnaires to ascertain their laboratory characteristics and testing practices. Using 1988 data, researchers previously found that the overall analytic performance of laboratories performing HIV-1 antibody testing was independently associated with the following: (1) requiring a minimum degree of testing personnel; (2) having written criteria for identifying unsatisfactory specimens; (3) requiring in-house training for testing personnel; (4) having tested more than 10 000 specimens; (5) being identified as an ''other'' laboratory type; (6) having more than 24 months of testing experience; (7) laboratory uses specific (Abbott) materials for EIA; and (8) testing specimens collected by family-planning clinics. To verify these findings, we performed multivariate analysis on 1989 performance data. For the 1989 EIA analytic sensitivity, significant positive (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) associations were detected with having written criteria for identifying unsatisfactory specimens and with having tested more than 10 000 specimens. For the 1989 overall EIA analytic performance, a significant negative (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) association was found with using specific (Abbott) EIA materials, and a significant positive (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) association was found with having tested more then 10 000 specimens. For Western blot results, the only significant (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) associations were for both analytic sensitivity and overall analytic performance and having tested more than 10 000 specimens. RP HANCOCK, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF, DIV LAB SYST, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 EI 1543-2165 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 117 IS 11 BP 1148 EP 1155 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MF095 UT WOS:A1993MF09500018 PM 8239938 ER PT J AU FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ JONES, DP ELEY, JW GUNTER, EW JACKSON, B GREENBERG, RS AF FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ JONES, DP ELEY, JW GUNTER, EW JACKSON, B GREENBERG, RS TI PLASMA TOTAL GLUTATHIONE IN HUMANS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH-RELATED FACTORS SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PLASMA GLUTATHIONE; DISEASE PREVENTION; HUMANS ID SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS; TISSUE GLUTATHIONE; OXYGEN RADICALS; DIETARY HABITS; DISEASE; INVIVO; BLOOD; RAT; ANTIOXIDANT; ACTIVATION AB The tripeptide glutathione is proposed to be protective against a number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, there have been few studies of plasma glutathione levels in humans and in those studies the numbers of participants have been very small. In an exploratory analysis the determinants of plasma total glutathione (GSH(t)) were investigated in a group of 100 volunteers aged 18-61 years in Atlanta, Georgia, USA during June and July 1989. Data on demographic and health-related factors were collected by interview and plasma GSH(t) was measured using a recently modified laboratory method. The mean concentration of plasma GSH(t) for all 100 participants was 761 mu g/l, with a standard deviation of 451 mu g/l, a range of 86-2889 mu g/l and a median of 649 mu g/l. Men had significantly higher levels of plasma GSH(t) than women (924 v. 692 mu g/l; P = 0.006). Seventh-day Adventists participating in the present study had higher plasma GSH(t) levels than other subgroups defined by race and/or religion. Among Seventh-day Adventists consumption of a vegetarian diet was associated with increased plasma GSH(t) concentration (P = 0.002). Plasma GSH(t) levels also appeared to vary by race, but relationships with race could not be clearly disassociated from relationships with religion. Among white participants plasma GSH(t) concentration decreased with age in women but increased with age in men (P = 0.05). Few other factors were associated with plasma GSH(t) concentration, although use of oral contraceptives (P = 0.10) was somewhat associated with decreased plasma GSH(t) levels. These findings suggest that plasma GSH(t) levels may vary with several demographic and health-related attributes and support the need for further research on this potentially important disease-preventive compound. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ANDREWS UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FAMILY STUDIES,BERRIEN SPRINGS,MI. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP FLAGG, EW (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17998-15]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39968] NR 47 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 3 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1079/BJN19930175 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ104 UT WOS:A1993MQ10400015 PM 8297917 ER PT J AU FARIZO, KM CHEN, RT COCHI, SL STREBEL, PM AF FARIZO, KM CHEN, RT COCHI, SL STREBEL, PM TI MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DIPHTHERIA - REPLY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 17 IS 5 BP 938 EP 938 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ME523 UT WOS:A1993ME52300037 ER PT J AU KENNY, SJ SMITH, PJ GOLDSCHMID, MG NEWMAN, JM HERMAN, WH AF KENNY, SJ SMITH, PJ GOLDSCHMID, MG NEWMAN, JM HERMAN, WH TI SURVEY OF PHYSICIAN PRACTICE BEHAVIORS RELATED TO DIABETES-MELLITUS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Note ID CONSENSUS AB OBJECTIVE- To summarize the frequency of physician adherence to consensus recommendations for prevention of diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- Survey data from a nationwide stratified probability sample of primary-care physicians were analyzed. Adherence to recommendations were reported by physician specialty, age-group, and type of diabetes treated. RESULTS- Adherence was high for eye exams, blood pressure measurements, neurological and circulatory exams, and laboratory procedures using blood. Adherence was low for examination of the teeth and gums, examination of the feet, and laboratory procedures involving die collection of urine. Internists generally had the highest adherence rates and pediatricians the lowest. Reported adherence decreased with physician age. Adherence was higher for the management of individuals with IDDM than for those with NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS- Recommendations for the care of diabetic individuals need to be more widely implemented. Recommendations targeted specifically to pediatricians may be necessary. RP KENNY, SJ (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 1993 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1507 EP 1510 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.11.1507 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MD404 UT WOS:A1993MD40400012 PM 8299440 ER PT J AU ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK BLAND, LA AF ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK BLAND, LA TI ASSURING PROPER GERMICIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN REPROCESSED HEMODIALYZERS SO DIALYSIS & TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article AB More than 50% of the outbreaks of infections and/or pyrogenic reactions in chronic hemodialysis patients investigated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) involved centers with manual dialyzer reprocessing programs. It is important, especially with manual reprocessing techniques, to ensure that proper concentrations of germicide are obtained in the dialyzer to prevent subsequent infections in patients. In addition, there may not be convenient test methods available to indicate whether or not a dialyzer contains a sufficient concentration of disinfectant to prevent bacterial growth. We have demonstrated that dialyzers need to be filled with a total of four compartment volumes of the use-dilution of germicide to attain the appropriate concentration (at least 90% of the use-dilution) within the dialyzer as recommended by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). An easy method of ensuring that dialyzers are filled with four total compartment volumes is to measure the effluent with a graduate cylinder during reprocessing. Concise reuse procedures and the use of AAMI quality water for rinsing and preparation of disinfectant solutions are crucial in preventing patient morbidity and mortality. RP ARDUINO, MJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CREATIVE AGE PUBL PI VAN NUYS PA 7628 DENSMORE AVE, VAN NUYS, CA 91406-2088 SN 0090-2934 J9 DIALYSIS TRANSPLANT JI Dial. Transplant. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 22 IS 11 BP 652 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology SC Engineering; Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology GA MR809 UT WOS:A1993MR80900006 ER PT J AU TOMER, A STAHL, CP MCCLURE, HM ANDERSON, DC MYERS, LA LIEHL, E WINTON, EF AF TOMER, A STAHL, CP MCCLURE, HM ANDERSON, DC MYERS, LA LIEHL, E WINTON, EF TI EFFECTS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON PLATELET SURVIVAL AND ACTIVATION USING A NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GM-CSF; PLATELET SURVIVAL; PLATELET ACTIVATION; MEGAKARYOCYTE PLOIDY ID MEGAKARYOCYTE PROGENITOR CELLS; AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW; HUMAN GM-CSF; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6; INVITRO; INVIVO; PROLIFERATION; HEMATOPOIESIS; THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS; TRANSPLANTATION AB In humans and nonhuman primates, the in vivo administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) consistently results in marked increase of megakaryocyte ploidy and size similar to that observed with interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, whereas the administration of IL-6 also results in an increase in circulating platelets, there is no predictable corresponding increase in peripheral blood platelets following treatment with rhGM-CSF. To determine whether the failure of rhGM-CSF to produce thrombocytosis is secondary to cytokine-related increased platelet activation and consumption in vivo, we quantified autologous platelet survival time and in vivo platelet activation before and during 5 days of administration of rhGM-CSF to two rhesus monkeys. Platelet survival was measured using autologous platelets labeled with (111)Indium-oxine. Platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometric determination of the expression of the major platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, and an activation-dependent epitope on GPIIb/IIIa (recognized by monoclonal antibodies [MABs] LJ-P4 and PAC1, respectively). Platelet activation was also assessed by dose-response aggregometry using adenosine diphosphate (ADP). While megakaryocyte ploidy increased during rhGM-CSF administration, peripheral platelet counts were 418x10(9)/L and 525x10(9)/L before and 402x10(9)/L and 508x10(9)/L during cytokine treatment in animals 1 and 2, respectively. No changes were observed in the mean platelet volume. (111)Indium-labeled platelet recovery in circulation was similar before (94.7%, 91.8%) and during (92.9%, 92.8%) rhGM-CSF administration, which indicates that cytokine-related in vivo sequestration of platelets does not occur. Autologous platelet survival was 5.6 and 6.2 days before and 5.0 and 5.4 days during the rhGM-CSF treatment (p=0.07), without significant change in the corresponding platelet turnover rate (derived from the platelet count and survival time). The flow cytometric analysis showed no increase in the binding of either LJ-P4 or PAC1 MABs to the platelet membrane during rhGM-CSF administration. The aggregometry studies demonstrated similar concentrations of ADP inducing half-maximal aggregation (ED(50)). Overall, the above data indicate that treatment with rhGM-CSF is not associated with in vivo activation, sequestration, or increased consumption of platelets. The data suggest that the failure of rhGM-CSF-stimulated megakaryocytes to increase peripheral platelet count is a manifestation of ineffective megakaryocytopoiesis resulting from inability to increase platelet delivery to the circulation. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. SANDOZ PHARMACEUT CORP,CYTOKINE DEV UNIT,E HANOVER,NJ. SANDOZ GMBH,FORSCHUNGSINST,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP TOMER, A (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV HEMATOL & ONCOL,PO DRAWER AR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1582 PG 6 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA MW618 UT WOS:A1993MW61800012 PM 8405239 ER PT J AU MORAN, JS AF MORAN, JS TI ARE INFECTIONS WITH M-HOMINIS AND U-UREALYTICUM NO LONGER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO HAUTARZT LA German DT Letter RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,BUR EPIDEMIOL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0017-8470 J9 HAUTARZT JI Hautarzt PD NOV PY 1993 VL 44 IS 11 BP 744 EP 744 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA MJ071 UT WOS:A1993MJ07100014 PM 8276597 ER PT J AU BERISH, SA SUBBARAO, S CHEN, CY TREES, DL MORSE, SA AF BERISH, SA SUBBARAO, S CHEN, CY TREES, DL MORSE, SA TI IDENTIFICATION AND CLONING OF A FUR HOMOLOG FROM NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IRON-REGULATED PROTEIN; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; STRUCTURAL GENE; TRANSFERRIN; DNA; LACTOFERRIN; EXPRESSION AB The promoter region of the major iron-regulated protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Fbp, has two regions that exhibit homology with the Escherichia coli consensus Fur-binding sequences. Gel retardation assays suggested that purified E. coli Fur bound to two sites within the Fbp promoter. The presence of a gonococcal Fur homolog was suggested by Southern hybridization under conditions of low stringency, which revealed a DNA locus that exhibited homology to the E. coli fur gene. Oligonucleotides derived from the conserved regions of fur genes of extremely diverse bacteria were used to amplify a 140-bp fragment of a putative gonococcal fur gene. This fragment was used to identify clones containing the entire gonococcal fur gene. After sequencing the gonococcal fur gene and its promoter region, we found that gonococcal Fur exhibited 50% identity with E. coli Fur at the amino acid level; however, it complemented two E. coli Fur- mutants. The presence of a Fur homolog in N. gonorrhoeae suggests that Fur-regulated genes are widely distributed among extremely diverse bacteria. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 51 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 61 IS 11 BP 4599 EP 4606 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ME617 UT WOS:A1993ME61700010 PM 8406856 ER PT J AU SNIADACK, DH OSTROFF, SM KARLIX, MA SMITHWICK, RW SCHWARTZ, B SPRAUER, MA SILCOX, VA GOOD, RC AF SNIADACK, DH OSTROFF, SM KARLIX, MA SMITHWICK, RW SCHWARTZ, B SPRAUER, MA SILCOX, VA GOOD, RC TI A NOSOCOMIAL PSEUDO-OUTBREAK OF MYCOBACTERIUM-XENOPI DUE TO A CONTAMINATED POTABLE WATER-SUPPLY - LESSONS IN PREVENTION SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOT WATER; INFECTION; MACHINE; DISEASE AB OBJECTS: To determine risk factors for Mycobacterium xenopi isolation in patients following a pseudo-outbreak of infection with the organism. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis of mycobacteriology laboratory specimen records and frequency-matched case-control study of hospital patients. SETTING: General community hospital. PATIENTS: For the case-control study, 13 case patients and 39 randomly selected controls with mycobacterial cultures negative for M xenopi, frequency matched by specimen source, whose specimens were submitted from June 1990 through June 1991. RESULTS: Between June 1990 and June 1991, M xenopi was isolated from 13 clinical specimens processed at a midwestern hospital, including sputum (n = 6), bronchial washings (2), urine (4), and stool (1). None of the patients with xenopi-positive specimens had apparent mycobacterial disease, although five received antituberculosis drug therapy for a range of one to six months. Specimens collected in a nonsterile manner were more likely to grow the organism than those collected aseptically (3.1% versus 0, relative risk = infinity, P = 0.003). M xenopi isolation was attributed to exposure of clinical specimens to tap water, including rinsing of bronchoscopes with tap water after disinfection, irrigation with tap water during colonoscopy, gargling with tap water before sputum collection, and collecting urine in recently rinsed bedpans. M xenopi was isolated from tap water in 20 of 24 patient rooms tested, the endoscopy suite, and the central hot water mixing tank, but not from water in the microbiology laboratory. The pseudo-outbreak occurred following a decrease in the hot water temperature from 130-degrees-F to 120-degrees-F in 1989. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of a higher water temperature and improved specimen collection protocols and instrument disinfection procedures probably would have prevented this pseudo-outbreak. C1 INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. RP SNIADACK, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 14 IS 11 BP 636 EP 641 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MG619 UT WOS:A1993MG61900006 PM 8132983 ER PT J AU MANDEL, AS SPRAUER, MA SNIADACK, DH OSTROFF, SM AF MANDEL, AS SPRAUER, MA SNIADACK, DH OSTROFF, SM TI STATE-REGULATION OF HOSPITAL WATER TEMPERATURE SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LEGIONELLA; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine current regulations and policies in the United States concerning maximal water temperatures in acute care hospitals. DESIGN: A standardized questionnaire administered by telephone to health department officials from 50 states and the District of Columbia. SETTING: State Health Departments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: All states responded to the survey. Respondents from 39 states (77%) reported regulating maximum allowable hospital water temperature at a mean of 116-degrees-F (median, 120-degrees-F; mode 110-degrees-F; range, 110-degrees-F to 129-degrees-F). Twelve states (23%) have no regulations for maximum water temperature. Of the 39 states regulating maximum water temperature, 30 (77%) routinely monitor hospital compliance. Nine states (23%) conduct inspections only in response to a complaint or incident. CONCLUSIONS: There is great variation among the states with respect to the existence, enforcement, and specific regulations controlling hospital water temperature. Risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses would help to assess the risk of scald injuries at water temperatures that will inhibit microbial contamination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. RP MANDEL, AS (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,635 BARNHILL DR,MED SCZ BLDG,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 14 IS 11 BP 642 EP 645 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MG619 UT WOS:A1993MG61900007 PM 8132984 ER PT J AU GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH HORAN, TC HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS MARTONE, WJ AF GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH HORAN, TC HENDERSON, TS TOLSON, JS MARTONE, WJ TI TRENDS IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; NURSING-HOME; OUTBREAK; VANCOMYCIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDES; EMERGENCE; 1990S RP GAYNES, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 2 IS 6 BP 452 EP 455 DI 10.1097/00019048-199311000-00020 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MK201 UT WOS:A1993MK20100015 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI SYMPOSIUM ON IMPROVING ADOLESCENT HEALTH - A TIME FOR ACTION - PRESENTED AT THE 120TH MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC-HEALTH ASSOCIATION NOVEMBER 11, 1992 - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 14 IS 7 BP 492 EP 492 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(93)90126-A PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA MH012 UT WOS:A1993MH01200002 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ AF KOLBE, LJ TI INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM ON IMPROVING ADOLESCENT HEALTH - A TIME FOR ACTION SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article RP KOLBE, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 14 IS 7 BP 493 EP 494 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(93)90127-B PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA MH012 UT WOS:A1993MH01200003 ER PT J AU COSTAS, M HOLMES, B FRITH, KA RIDDLE, C HAWKEY, PM AF COSTAS, M HOLMES, B FRITH, KA RIDDLE, C HAWKEY, PM TI IDENTIFICATION AND TYPING OF PROTEUS-PENNERI AND PROTEUS-VULGARIS BIOGROUP-2 AND BIOGROUP-3, FROM CLINICAL SOURCES, BY COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHORETIC PROTEIN-PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; HUMAN FECES; STRAINS; MIRABILIS; SPECIMENS; URINE; MORGANII AB Seventy-six strains of the Proteus vulgaris complex (Pr. penneri and Pr. vulgaris biogroups 2 and 3) were characterized by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE of cellular proteins. The protein patterns were highly reproducible. The strains came from various countries and were mainly of human origin: urine (28), respiratory tract (13), wounds (8), faeces (7), blood (3), miscellaneous sources (6) and unknown sources (11). The patterns of these strains, together with those of the type strains of seven Morganella, Proteus and Providencia species were subjected to two numerical analyses. In the first, in which the principal protein bands (in the 35.0-42.0 kDa range) were excluded, the strains of the Pr. vulgaris complex formed four clusters at the 83% similarity level. These corresponded to Pr. penneri, Pr. vulgaris biogroup 2, and two clusters (3a and 3b) represented biogroup 3. Each of these clusters was distinct from the Morganella, Proteus and Providencia reference strains. In the second analysis, which included all the protein bands, the 41 Pr. penneri strains showed little heterogeneity but 17 subphenons could be recognized among the 35 strains of Pr. vulgaris biogroups 2 and 3. These results support the division of biogroup 3 strains into at least two separate taxa. Other results indicate that biogroup 3 is heterogeneous and may contain further genomic groups. The method also provides a basis for typing clinical strains of Pr. vulgaris biogroups 2 and 3. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT MICROBIOL,LEEDS,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP COSTAS, M (reprint author), CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,NATL COLLECT TYPE CULTURES,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02806.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MH225 UT WOS:A1993MH22500014 PM 8300450 ER PT J AU TEPPER, A CONNALLY, LB HALTMEIER, P SMITH, E SWEENEY, MH AF TEPPER, A CONNALLY, LB HALTMEIER, P SMITH, E SWEENEY, MH TI KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICAL HISTORY INFORMATION AMONG PROXY RESPONDENTS FOR DECEASED STUDY SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; MEDICAL RECORDS; PROXY RESPONDENTS; AGREEMENT ID NEXT-OF-KIN; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; QUESTIONNAIRE DATA; ACCURACY; SMOKING; COMPARABILITY; SPOUSE; DIET AB Proxy respondents were interviewed for 96 decedents in an occupational cohort. A second respondent was interviewed for 59 decedents. Medical records were reviewed to validate questionnaire information. The percentage of respondents who answered ''don't know'' (non-response) to questions about medical condition ranged from 5% (cancer and heart disease) to 17% (ulcers). Non-response rates were lowest among spouses, intermediate among children, parents, and siblings, and highest among other relatives and friends. Among 41-55 pairs, depending on the condition, agreement between paired respondents was excellent (K > 0.75) for ulcers, cancer, diabetes, and lung disease. A higher percentage of medical records was obtained for decedents with spouse respondents and for decedents with more recent dates of death. Sixty percent or more of the medical records were obtained for patients with cancer (n = 30), heart disease (n = 26), stroke (n = 9), and liver disease (n = 10). The positive predictive value of the proxy respondent information for these conditions was 93, 81, 78, and 60%, respectively. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP TEPPER, A (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-10,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90088-I PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MG589 UT WOS:A1993MG58900005 PM 8229101 ER PT J AU MONROE, SS STINE, SE JIANG, X ESTES, MK GLASS, RI AF MONROE, SS STINE, SE JIANG, X ESTES, MK GLASS, RI TI DETECTION OF ANTIBODY TO RECOMBINANT NORWALK VIRUS-ANTIGEN IN SPECIMENS FROM OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGENTS; ASSAY AB Norwalk virus and other small round-structured viruses are commonly associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. We used a recently described recombinant-expressed Norwalk virus (rNV) capsid protein in enzyme immunoassays to quantitatively measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA to Norwalk virus in serum pairs from patients involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis. The outbreaks previously were classified, on the basis of the results of a blocking antibody assay, as Norwalk virus negative, serologically intermediate, or Norwalk virus positive. The rNV IgG assay was more sensitive than the blocking assay for detecting IgG to Norwalk virus in serum from patients in all outbreak classes. There was 79% concordance between seroconversions detected by the blocking antibody assay and those detected by the rNV IgG assay. The rNV IgA assay detected seroconversions to Norwalk virus primarily in patients involved in outbreaks previously classified as Norwalk virus positive. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP MONROE, SS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 25 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2866 EP 2872 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC289 UT WOS:A1993MC28900006 PM 8263169 ER PT J AU REDDY, PG SAPP, WJ HENEINE, W AF REDDY, PG SAPP, WJ HENEINE, W TI DETECTION OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GOATS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PATHOGENESIS; LENTIVIRUS AB Detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection in goats is currently limited to serologic testing or cell culture. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect CAEV sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), synovial fluid cells (SFC), and milk cells (MC) obtained from infected goats. Results were positive for 18 of 20 PBMC, 8 of 8 MC, and 5 of 5 SFC samples from seropositive goats, whereas 3 of 33 PBMC samples and none of 8 MC or 5 SFC samples from seronegative goats were positive. Two of the PCR-positive and seronegative goats seroconverted upon follow-up testing 2 months later. This PCR assay provides a useful method for detecting CAEV infection in goats. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3042 EP 3043 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC289 UT WOS:A1993MC28900038 PM 8263195 ER PT J AU RATHORE, MH BARTON, LL DAWSON, JE REGNERY, RL AYOUB, EM AF RATHORE, MH BARTON, LL DAWSON, JE REGNERY, RL AYOUB, EM TI EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS AND ROCHALIMAEA ANTIBODIES IN KAWASAKI-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTIONS; PATIENT; FEBRILE; VIRUS AB Sera from 38 patients with Kawasaki disease were tested for immunofluorescent antibodies to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rochalimaea henselae, and R. quintana Oklahoma. Only 2.5% of the patients tested positive for E. chaffeensis, and 5% were positive for R. henselae and R. quintana Oklahoma. Our data suggest that Ehrlichia and Rochalimaea spp. do not play a unique role in the etiology of Kawasaki disease. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32209. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3058 EP 3059 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC289 UT WOS:A1993MC28900044 PM 8263201 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC SWENSON, J FERRARO, MJ HINDLER, J JORGENSEN, J MURRAY, P AF TENOVER, FC SWENSON, J FERRARO, MJ HINDLER, J JORGENSEN, J MURRAY, P TI CEFUROXIME SCREENING-TEST FOR PNEUMOCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, MICROBIOL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, MICROBIOL LAB, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PATHOL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78284 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED, DIV LAB MED, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3078 EP 3080 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC289 UT WOS:A1993MC28900050 PM 8263207 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC TOKARS, J SWENSON, J PAUL, S SPITALNY, K JARVIS, W AF TENOVER, FC TOKARS, J SWENSON, J PAUL, S SPITALNY, K JARVIS, W TI ABILITY OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES TO DETECT ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI (VOL 31, PG 1695, 1993) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3081 EP 3081 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC289 UT WOS:A1993MC28900054 ER PT J AU LEITCH, GJ HE, Q WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS AF LEITCH, GJ HE, Q WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS TI INHIBITION OF THE SPORE POLAR FILAMENT EXTRUSION OF THE MICROSPORIDIUM, ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM, ISOLATED FROM AN AIDS PATIENT SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYTOCHALASIN D; DEMECOLCINE; ITRACONAZOLE; NIFEDIPINE ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NOSEMATIDAE SPORES; N-SP; GERMINATION; ENTEROCYTES AB Spores of the microsporidian parasitic protozoan Encephalitozoon heliem were purified and incubated at 37 degrees C in a solution with an electrolyte composition similar to that of mammalian extracellular fluid, and in solution in which the calcium had been replaced with 0.2 mM EGTA. Polar filament extrusion (germination) was monitored by both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Germination was pH-dependent, with optima at pH 7.4 and 9.5, and was significantly greater in the presence of medium calcium. Hydrogen peroxide caused a concentration-dependent increase in germination that was also reduced in a calcium-free medium. Four agents were found to inhibit spontaneous and H2O2-stimulated polar filament extrusion: the microfilament disrupter, cytochalasin D; the microtubule disrupter, demecolcine; the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine; and the antifungal agent, itraconazole. These results are consistent with the existence of a calcium-channel-mediated step, and requirements for an F-actin- and for a tubulin-containing element in the germination process of the spore of this parasite. Nifedipine, cytochalasin D and itraconazole all have different sites of action and were therefore able to potentiate one another when used in paired combination to inhibit germination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP LEITCH, GJ (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,720 WESTVIEW DR SW,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 30 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04463.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MM045 UT WOS:A1993MM04500003 PM 8292991 ER PT J AU ROCHA, EP XU, XY HALL, HE ALLEN, JR REGNERY, HL COX, NJ AF ROCHA, EP XU, XY HALL, HE ALLEN, JR REGNERY, HL COX, NJ TI COMPARISON OF 10 INFLUENZA-A (H1N1 AND H3N2) HEMAGGLUTININ SEQUENCES OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS TO THOSE OF MDCK CELL-GROWN AND EGG-GROWN VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID H-1 SUBTYPE; HEMAGGLUTININ; POLYMERASE; ADAPTATION; VARIANTS; SITES; ACID; GENE; DNA; HA AB PCR was used to amplify and sequence the complete HA1 region of the haemagglutinin (HA)-encoding genes of 10 clinical isolates of influenza virus of the H1N1 or H3N2 subtypes. These sequences were compared to those obtained from viruses isolated from the same specimens after passage in eggs and MDCK cells. Amino acid substitutions in the egg-derived HA sequences were found in nine out of the 10 specimens analysed, whereas seven out of eight of the MDCK-derived HA sequences were identical to those in the corresponding original specimens. Changes in the H1 HA occurred at residues 77a, 196 (also found in the corresponding HA from the MDCK isolate), 225, 226 and 227; changes in the H3 HA occurred at residues 137, 156, 186, 248 and 276. In addition, we have shown that an amino acid change at residue 145 in the HA of the H3 subtype that was previously demonstrated to be egg-selected is now present in circulating strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFLUENZA BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 74 BP 2513 EP 2518 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2513 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MF244 UT WOS:A1993MF24400028 PM 8245870 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, FJ FARLEY, TA BURBANK, DF LESLIE, NH MCFARLAND, LM AF MAHONEY, FJ FARLEY, TA BURBANK, DF LESLIE, NH MCFARLAND, LM TI EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR THE CONTROL OF AN OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLOSIS AMONG INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AB After control measures were initiated to stop an outbreak of shigellosis in an institution for the developmentally disabled, there was a sharp decline in the number of cases of Shigella sonnei infection. Among ill residents, those treated with antibiotics had shorter mean duration of diarrhea (2.4 vs. 4.5 days, P < .01) and were less likely to have stool cultures positive for shigellae 2-4 weeks after onset of diarrhea (0/25 vs. 5/19; relative risk [RR] = undefined; P = .02). The attack rate was higher in villages where segregation of ill residents was not practiced (46/73 vs. 53/155; RR = 1.8; 95% confidence limits [CL], 1.4, 2.4). In individual housing units where ill residents were not segregated (preintervention), a correlation was found between mean duration of diarrhea and unit-attack rates (r = .88; 95% CL, 0.29, 0.99). A study of all 305 residents 10 weeks after the intervention began revealed no positive stool cultures. C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH & MENTAL RETARDAT,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1180 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MC890 UT WOS:A1993MC89000013 PM 8228351 ER PT J AU JEREB, JA BURWEN, DR DOOLEY, SW HAAS, WH CRAWFORD, JT GEITER, LJ EDMOND, MB DOWLING, JN SHAPIRO, R PASCULLE, AW SHANAHAN, SL JARVIS, WR AF JEREB, JA BURWEN, DR DOOLEY, SW HAAS, WH CRAWFORD, JT GEITER, LJ EDMOND, MB DOWLING, JN SHAPIRO, R PASCULLE, AW SHANAHAN, SL JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A RENAL-TRANSPLANT UNIT - APPLICATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; RISK AB From January 1990 through February 1991, tuberculosis (TB) developed in 10 renal transplant (RT) patients at one hospital; 5 patients died. Possible nosocomial transmission was investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by a polymerase chain reaction method. The source case occurred in an RT patient (source) who had posttransplant exposure to TB at another hospital. The source patient was rehospitalized on the RT unit; diagnosis of TB and thus isolation precautions were delayed. Epidemiologic and RFLP analysis showed transmission from the source to 5 RT patients and 1 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. M. tuberculosis isolates from 4 RT patients had other RFLP patterns. The median incubation period for TB in RT patients was 7.5 weeks (range, 5-11). Bronchoscopy and intubation of the source patient and inadequate ventilation on the RT unit possibly increased transmission. Early detection of TB and effective isolation are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PRESBYTERIAN UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PRESBYTERIAN UNIV HOSP,DEPT SURG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PRESBYTERIAN UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. ALLEGHENY CTY HLTH DEPT,PITTSBURGH,PA. RP JEREB, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1224 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MC890 UT WOS:A1993MC89000019 PM 7901287 ER PT J AU SUGARMAN, JR STOUT, N LAYNE, LA AF SUGARMAN, JR STOUT, N LAYNE, LA TI TRAUMATIC FATALITIES AT WORK - AMERICAN-INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES, 1980 THROUGH 1988 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFANT-MORTALITY; LUNG-CANCER; INJURIES; BIRTH; DEATH AB To define the rates and characteristics of fatal occupational injuries among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the United States, we examined death certificates included in the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data base for deaths occurring from 1980 to 1988. Two hundred and seventy-four work-related deaths among AI/AN civilians (259 men, 15 women) were identified. In 1980, the fatality rate among employed AI/AN was 5.5/100,000 workers compared with 7.7/100,000 workers for the United States. Ninety percent of the AI/AN deaths were from unintentional injury, 6% from homicide, and 3% from suicide. The pattern of fatal occupational injuries among AI/AN differs from that for all races combined, especially with regard to the larger percent of AI/AN fatalities in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry and the high proportion of water transportation incidents. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1097/00043764-199311000-00014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ539 UT WOS:A1993MJ53900010 PM 8295036 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, DK VAN, R MORROW, AL MONROE, SS GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK AF MITCHELL, DK VAN, R MORROW, AL MONROE, SS GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK TI OUTBREAKS OF ASTROVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS IN DAY-CARE-CENTERS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CALICIVIRUS; INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; CHILDREN; ROTAVIRUS; VIRUSES; STOOL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Objective: This study evaluated astrovirus as a cause of diarrhea outbreaks among infants and toddlers in day care centers. Design: Stool specimens were collected weekly during four periods (from January 1986 through December 1991) from children 6 to 30 months of age who were enrolled in prospective studies of diarrhea in day care centers. All diarrheal stool specimens were tested for bacterial enteropathogens, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and Giardia lamblia. A total of 1365 stool specimens from 70 outbreaks in which no etiologic agent was identified and from another 11 outbreaks with a known cause were tested for astrovirus, by means of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. Confirmatory testing was performed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers designed to produce an 89 base-pair product. Results- Astrovirus was detected in 6 (7%) of the 81 outbreaks. Of 217 children tested, 73 (34%) were infected with astrovirus; infections in 35 (48%) were symptomatic and in 38 (52%) asymptomatic. The six outbreaks lasted 11 to 44 days (median 22 days). Astrovirus excretion was detected for a duration of 2 to 30 days, with excretion occurring from 1 to 8 days (median 2 days) before diarrhea began to 1 to 20 days (median 2 days) after diarrhea ceased. Younger children (less-than-or-equal-to 12 months) were at greater risk than older children (p = 0.011) of becoming infected with astrovirus during an outbreak and were more likely (p = 0.015) to have symptoms when infected. Of 24 specimens with astrovirus by enzyme immunoassay, 20 (83%) were confirmed to have the virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: Astrovirus was an important cause of outbreaks of diarrhea among children attending day care centers, more frequently infected younger children, and often produced asymptomatic infections. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, NORFOLK, VA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP MITCHELL, DK (reprint author), EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH, CTR PEDIAT RES, 855 W BRAMBLETON AVE, NORFOLK, VA 23501 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [YO2-AI-90002-02] NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 5 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80846-7 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MF096 UT WOS:A1993MF09600008 PM 8229480 ER PT J AU MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P DREWS, CD AF MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P DREWS, CD TI PREVALENCE OF CEREBRAL-PALSY AMONG 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, 1985 THROUGH 1987 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; DISABILITIES; HANDICAPS; MORTALITY; ETIOLOGY; TRENDS; RATES AB The Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study was a population-based study (1985 through 1987) to determine the prevalence of five developmental disabilities among 10-year-old children. The disabilities included cerebral palsy, mental retardation, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and epilepsy. The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and a description of the children with CP are reported here. Using a record review approach, we identified 204 10-year-old children with CP (resulting in a prevalence of 2.3 per 1000). The rate of CP was significantly higher among boys (prevalence odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 2.0), and the rate was also higher among black children than white children (prevalence odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.0, 1.7). Thirty-three of the children (16%) acquired CP postnatally; these children were more likely to be black or male. The gender and racial differences found for acquired CP were greater than those for congenital CP. Approximately 75% of the children had one of the other four disabilities studied; 65% of the children were mentally retarded, 46% had epilepsy, and 15% hod a sensory impairment. Our multiple-source method of identifying children with CP gave us a population-based sample from which to determine the prevalence of the condition and to study factors that are associated with CP. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, OFF EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. RP MURPHY, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL, 4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY, MAILSTOP F-15, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 50 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 5 BP S13 EP S20 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80892-3 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MF096 UT WOS:A1993MF09600047 PM 8229472 ER PT J AU KLEIN, JD STARNES, SA KOTELCHUCK, M DEFRIESE, GH SHEPS, CG LODA, RA EARP, JA AF KLEIN, JD STARNES, SA KOTELCHUCK, M DEFRIESE, GH SHEPS, CG LODA, RA EARP, JA TI CURRENT TRENDS - AVAILABILITY OF COMPREHENSIVE ADOLESCENT HEALTH-SERVICES - UNITED-STATES, 1990 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR HLTH SERV RES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR EARLY ADOLESCENCE,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KLEIN, JD (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DIV ADOLESCENT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14627, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 9 BP 407 EP 408 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ML006 UT WOS:A1993ML00600010 ER PT J AU LOOKER, AC LORIA, CM CARROLL, MD MCDOWELL, MA JOHNSON, CL AF LOOKER, AC LORIA, CM CARROLL, MD MCDOWELL, MA JOHNSON, CL TI CALCIUM INTAKES OF MEXICAN-AMERICANS, CUBANS, PUERTO-RICANS, NON-HISPANIC WHITES, AND NON-HISPANIC BLACKS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BONE MASS; BIOAVAILABILITY; POPULATIONS; FRACTURE; DENSITY; WOMEN; DIETS; MILK AB Objective To compare dietary calcium intakes from food in Mexican Americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks aged 11 through 74 years. Design Population survey data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to calculate calcium intake from a single 24-hour recall. These data were compared by age and sex between the five population groups. Food sources of calcium in the three Hispanic groups were also examined using 24-hour recall data. Subjects The sample consisted of 11,773 non-Hispanic whites, 1,728 non-Hispanic blacks, 4,739 Mexican Americans, 1,076 Cubans, and 1,835 Puerto Ricans. Main outcome measures Mean calcium intake, percentage intake of Recommended Dietary Allowance, and, for Hispanics, food sources of calcium. Statistical analyses Means were compared within age and sex groups between the five population groups using a t test. Results Calcium intakes from food in the three Hispanic groups were similar to intakes of non-Hispanic whites and higher than intakes of non-Hispanic blacks. Although dairy foods were the main sources of calcium for Hispanics, com tortillas were important calcium sources among Mexican Americans. Women consumed less calcium than the Recommended Dietary Allowance in all age and racial or ethnic groups. Applications When assessing calcium intakes of the three Hispanic groups, ethnic differences in food sources of calcium need to be considered. Efforts to increase calcium intake in Hispanics also need to account for ethnic differences. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,LONGITUDINAL STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP LOOKER, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,NUTR STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1274 EP 1279 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91954-O PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF721 UT WOS:A1993MF72100008 PM 8227877 ER PT J AU BUFFINGTON, J CHAPMAN, LE STOBIERSKI, MG HIERHOLZER, JC GARY, HE GUSKEY, LE BREITENBACH, RA HALL, WN SCHONBERGER, LB AF BUFFINGTON, J CHAPMAN, LE STOBIERSKI, MG HIERHOLZER, JC GARY, HE GUSKEY, LE BREITENBACH, RA HALL, WN SCHONBERGER, LB TI EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS IN A CHRONIC CARE FACILITY - RISK-FACTORS AND MEASURES FOR CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADENOVIRUS TYPE-37; LARGE OUTBREAK AB Objective: To study patterns of transmission of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in a chronic care facility and to assess control measures and prevent future outbreaks in this setting. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: A 120-bed, four-unit, skilled nursing facility. Patients: Residents and employees of the above facility. Interventions: Increased frequency of cleaning; use of bleach disinfectant; universal precautions in handling eye secretions from residents with conjunctivitis; cohorting residents by unit; suspension of new admissions; closure of common gathering areas. Measurements: Resident demographics; possible risk factors for infection among residents (including mobility, underlying illness, medications, involvement in social activity, level of confusion) and among employees (including co-morbid illnesses and eye conditions, exposures to persons with conjunctivitis, visits to eye care specialists, use of contact lenses or glasses); testing of conjunctival specimens from symptomatic persons for viral and bacterial agents. Results: Of 95 residents on three chronic care units, 47 (attack rate 49%) had onset of eye symptoms consistent with EKC between September 14 and December 7, 1990. Thirty-eight (81 %) of these had onset following the onset of symptoms in a resident with dementia who, despite habitual eye-rubbing and wandering into other residents' rooms, was not isolated or restricted in any way. Attack rates were higher (though not statistically significant) among more mobile residents (60% for ambulatory residents) and among those considered by staff to be confused (56%). Rapid antigen detection and culture confirmed adenovirus type 37 as the etiologic agent. Conclusions: Transmission of infection with adenovirus type 37 was successfully interrupted following strict infection control, suspension of new admissions, cohorting of residents by unit, and change to a disinfectant that inactivates adenovirus. Recognition of conjunctivitis as an appropriate reason for restricting movement of an infected resident may have prevented extensive viral transmission in this outbreak. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS,DIS SURVEILLANCE SECT,LANSING,MI. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DETROIT,MI 48201. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1177 EP 1181 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA MF528 UT WOS:A1993MF52800002 PM 8227890 ER PT J AU HO, L CHAN, SY BURK, RD DAS, BC FUJINAGA, K ICENOGLE, JP KAHN, T KIVIAT, N LANCASTER, W MAVROMARANAZOS, P LABROPOULOU, V MITRANIROSENBAUM, S NORRILD, B PILLAI, MR STOERKER, J SYRJAENEN, K SYRJAENEN, S TAY, SK VILLA, LL WHEELER, CM WILLIAMSON, AL BERNARD, HU AF HO, L CHAN, SY BURK, RD DAS, BC FUJINAGA, K ICENOGLE, JP KAHN, T KIVIAT, N LANCASTER, W MAVROMARANAZOS, P LABROPOULOU, V MITRANIROSENBAUM, S NORRILD, B PILLAI, MR STOERKER, J SYRJAENEN, K SYRJAENEN, S TAY, SK VILLA, LL WHEELER, CM WILLIAMSON, AL BERNARD, HU TI THE GENETIC DRIFT OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16 IS A MEANS OF RECONSTRUCTING PREHISTORIC VIRAL SPREAD AND THE MOVEMENT OF ANCIENT HUMAN-POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE VARIATION; VARIANTS; COEVOLUTION; EVOLUTION; VIRUS; DNA AB We have investigated the diversity of a hypervariable segment of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) genome among 301 virus isolates that were collected from 25 different ethnic groups and geographic locations. Altogether, we distinguished 48 different variants that had diversified from one another along five phylogenetic branches. Variants from two of these branches were nearly completely confined to Africa. Variants from a third branch were the only variants identified in Europeans but occurred at lower frequency in all other ethnic groups. A fourth branch was specific for Japanese and Chinese isolates. A small fraction of all isolates from Asia and from indigenous as well as immigrant populations in the Americas formed a fifth branch. Important patterns of HPV-16 phylogeny suggested coevolution of the virus with people of the three major human races, namely, Africans, Caucasians, and East Asians. But several minor patterns are indicative of smaller bottlenecks of viral evolution and spread, which may correlate with the migration of ethnic groups in prehistoric times. The colonization of the Americas by Europeans and Africans is reflected in the composition of their HPV-16 variants. We discuss arguments that today's HPV-16 genomes represent a degree of diversity that evolved over a large time span, probably exceeding 200,000 years, from a precursor genome that may have originated in Africa. The identification of molecular variants is a powerful epidemiological and phylogenetic tool for revealing the ancient spread of papillomaviruses, whose trace through the world has not yet been completely lost. C1 NATL UNIV SINGAPORE,INST MOLEC & CELL BIOL,PAPILLOMAVIRUS LAB,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE. UNIV KUOPIO,DEPT PATHOL,KUOPIO,FINLAND. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. MAULANA AZAD MED COLL,INST CYTOL & PREVENT ONCOL,DELHI 110002,INDIA. SAPPORO MED COLL,CANC RES INST,CHUO KU,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY. REG CANC CTR,TRIVANDRUM 695011,INDIA. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DETROIT,MI 48201. CAROLINA MED CTR,CHARLOTTE,NC 28232. INST PASTEUR HELLEN,ATHENS,GREECE. HADASSAH UNIV HOSP,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV COPENHAGEN,PANUM INST,DK-2200 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. SINGAPORE GEN HOSP,SINGAPORE 0316,SINGAPORE. LUDWIG INST CANC RES,BR-01509 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR CANC,DEPT CELL BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,NEW MEXICO TUMOR REGISTRY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV CAPE TOWN,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CAPE TOWN 7925,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Norrild, Bodil/C-1115-2009; PILLAI, M/B-9785-2009; ASTAR, IMCB/E-2320-2012; Labropoulou, Vassiliki/E-7567-2013 OI Labropoulou, Vassiliki/0000-0002-9247-6617 NR 23 TC 222 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 67 IS 11 BP 6413 EP 6423 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA MC016 UT WOS:A1993MC01600009 PM 8411343 ER PT J AU OZMINKOWSKI, RJ FRIEDMAN, B TAYLOR, Z AF OZMINKOWSKI, RJ FRIEDMAN, B TAYLOR, Z TI ACCESS TO HEART AND LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION IN THE LATE 1980S SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID ORGAN-TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; TECHNOLOGY; DISEASE; SEX AB Because of a shortage of usable organs, many who require heart or liver transplants for survival will not have access to them. Access to care may reflect demographic factors and ability to pay, as well as medical considerations. Receipt of an organ may be influenced by expected survival with and without a transplant, age, gender, race, ability to pay, and distance to a transplant center. Discharge abstract data from a national sample of over 500 hospitals in 1986 and 1987 were used to select heart and liver recipients and others with end-stage diseases who did not receive a transplant. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were then used to estimate how receipt of a transplant was influenced by expected years of survival after transplantation (YAT), expected ability to pay, age, sex, race, and distance to a transplant center. Controlling for differences in expected YAT, age, sex, race, and distance to the transplant center, those expected to have the most ability to pay were more likely to receive heart and liver transplants, compared to those expected to have medium ability to pay. Third-party coverage was particularly important in receipt of a transplant for those with absolute contraindications. Expected YAT and age were significant, with some evidence of a tradeoff between urgency and expected YAT in the case of hearts. Men were more likely to obtain heart transplants and women were more likely to get liver transplants. The effect of distance were small. Existing regularly incentives and biological, medical, and cultural reasons may justify the age-, sex-, race-, and prognosis-related differences in the odds of receiving a transplant. The importance of ability to pay may not have been adequately observed in previous studies restricted to the patients screened at major transplant centers. Hospital discharge records with personal identifiers, linkage to official waiting lists, and better patient level socioeconomic information would permit more definitive analysis. C1 USDHHS,AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,CTR GEN HLTH SERV INTRAMURAL RES,DIV PROVIDER STUDIES,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS RES,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP OZMINKOWSKI, RJ (reprint author), ABT ASSOCIATES INC,4800 MONTGOMERY LANE,SUITE 500,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD NOV PY 1993 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1097/00005650-199311000-00005 PG 16 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF862 UT WOS:A1993MF86200005 PM 8231335 ER PT J AU MILLER, B AF MILLER, B TI PREVENTIVE THERAPY FOR TUBERCULOSIS SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SKIN-TEST; RISK; HEPATITIS; INFECTION; DISEASE RP MILLER, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1263 EP 1275 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME847 UT WOS:A1993ME84700006 PM 8231411 ER PT J AU KENT, JH AF KENT, JH TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; DRUG-RESISTANT; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HOMELESS MEN; OUTBREAK; SHELTER; RISK; TRANSMISSION RP KENT, JH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 88 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1409 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME847 UT WOS:A1993ME84700014 PM 8231419 ER PT J AU BYERS, T AF BYERS, T TI VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTS AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB Although two new epidemiologic studies on the association between vitamin E and heart disease do not resolve important issues related to dose-response, mechanisms of action, or specificity, they do provide important evidence that supports the development of new strategies for preventing heart disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 51 IS 11 BP 333 EP 345 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MJ601 UT WOS:A1993MJ60100003 PM 8108033 ER PT J AU EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE FREDERICK, PD BARON, RC MASCOLA, L AF EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE FREDERICK, PD BARON, RC MASCOLA, L TI MEASLES IN PREGNANCY - A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF 58 CASES SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objective: To describe the effects of measles in pregnancy using a large case series. Methods: Pregnant women with measles were identified by county health department records, and their hospital and clinic records were reviewed. When available, records for the infants of case patients were also reviewed. Results: Fifty-eight pregnant women with measles were identified. Thirty-five (60%) were hospitalized for measles, 15 (26%) were diagnosed with pneumonia, and two (3%) died of measles complications. Excluding three induced abortions, 18 pregnancies (31%) ended prematurely, five were spontaneous abortions and 13 were preterm deliveries. AH but two of the 18 pregnancies that terminated early did so with 14 days of rash onset. Two term infants were born with minor congenital anomalies, but their mothers had measles late in the third trimester. No newborns were diagnosed with congenital measles. Conclusions: The incidence of death and other complications from measles during pregnancy may be higher than expected for age-comparable, nonpregnant women. Measles in pregnancy may lead to high rates of fetal loss and prematurity, especially in the first 2 weeks after the onset of rash. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SCI,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 82 IS 5 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ME038 UT WOS:A1993ME03800014 PM 8414327 ER PT J AU HIGHTOWER, AW LAMMIE, PJ EBERHARD, ML AF HIGHTOWER, AW LAMMIE, PJ EBERHARD, ML TI MATERNAL FILARIAL INFECTION - A PERSISTENT RISK FACTOR FOR MICROFILAREMIA IN OFFSPRING SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL-TOLERANCE; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; DISEASE; DYNAMICS AB The observation that children born to mothers that are infected with Wuchereria bancrofti are more susceptible to filarial infection than those born to uninfected mothers, raises many questions, particularly regarding immune mechanisms. In this article, Allen Hightower, Patrick Lammie and Mark Eberhard discuss these issues and their implications for the epidemiology of filarial infection. RP HIGHTOWER, AW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1993 VL 9 IS 11 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90051-G PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MD053 UT WOS:A1993MD05300008 PM 15463683 ER PT J AU LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS HE, Q AF LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS HE, Q TI INHIBITION OF MICROSPORIDIAN SPORE GERMINATION SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; NOSEMATIDAE SPORES; AIDS PATIENTS AB Microsporidia ore obligate intracellular parasites that are increasingly recognized as significant causes of disease in AIDS patients. Gordon Leitch, Govinda Visvesvara and Qing He here describe the deployment of the microsporidian spore infection apparatus, the polar filament, and show how this may be a useful site for chemotherapeutic interdiction of the infections caused by these parasites. C1 NATL CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEITCH, GJ (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1993 VL 9 IS 11 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90052-H PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MD053 UT WOS:A1993MD05300009 PM 15463684 ER PT J AU TOLSMA, DD AF TOLSMA, DD TI PATIENT EDUCATION OBJECTIVES IN HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 - POLICY AND RESEARCH ISSUES SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE PATIENT EDUCATION; HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000; DATA FOR DECISION MAKING; PREVENTION EFFECTIVENESS; RESEARCH GAPS ID SELF-CARE; PROGRAM AB The extensive nationwide involvement in the development of year 2000 health objectives, and the breadth of the 298 objectives produced, illustrate the scope of contemporary public health and preventive medicine in the United States. Patient education is an essential element of numerous year 2000 priority targets; full accomplishment of the patient education objectives will be influenced by several policy issues. This paper discusses special needs in three areas: data for decision-making, prevention effectiveness and research gaps. One major data issue is difficulty in documenting the existence and scope of patient education, and better measurement systems are desirable. A renewed interest in prevention effectiveness suggests that patient education would benefit from emphasis on five elements of prevention effectiveness: guidelines development; guidelines dissemination demonstrations and technical assistance; monitoring; and research. Emerging research needs are identified, with particular focus on quality-of-life measurement and on integrated patient education and health communication strategies. RP TOLSMA, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP D37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Tolsma, Dennis/0000-0002-0685-0618 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0738-3991(93)90084-A PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MK877 UT WOS:A1993MK87700002 PM 8134322 ER PT J AU PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, R HUNG, CH KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E BAMJI, M THOMAS, P HUTSON, D LAMBERT, G SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR THOMAS, P MATHESON, P MCVEIGH, T BEATRICE, S DEBERNARDO, E CAPPELLI, M CASSELLA, D CHEN, J COURTLANDT, R FLOYD, J HUTCHINSON, S JACKSON, L LAWRENCE, K LOPEZ, D MONESTIME, A NG, D OLESZKO, W PUNSALONG, A RIOS, J SAVORY, R WHITE, R WILLIAMS, B KRASINSKI, K POLLACK, H ALLEN, M HOOVER, W HEAGARTY, M ABRAMS, E BATEMAN, D BROWN, G SUAREZ, M BAMJI, M HENRIQUEZ, R LOSUB, S SACHARSKY, E BROTMAN, R HUTSON, D BLANCHE, S LAMBERT, G HARRIS, A DAVILA, S GRANT, D ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N KILBOURNE, B AF PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, R HUNG, CH KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E BAMJI, M THOMAS, P HUTSON, D LAMBERT, G SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR THOMAS, P MATHESON, P MCVEIGH, T BEATRICE, S DEBERNARDO, E CAPPELLI, M CASSELLA, D CHEN, J COURTLANDT, R FLOYD, J HUTCHINSON, S JACKSON, L LAWRENCE, K LOPEZ, D MONESTIME, A NG, D OLESZKO, W PUNSALONG, A RIOS, J SAVORY, R WHITE, R WILLIAMS, B KRASINSKI, K POLLACK, H ALLEN, M HOOVER, W HEAGARTY, M ABRAMS, E BATEMAN, D BROWN, G SUAREZ, M BAMJI, M HENRIQUEZ, R LOSUB, S SACHARSKY, E BROTMAN, R HUTSON, D BLANCHE, S LAMBERT, G HARRIS, A DAVILA, S GRANT, D ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N KILBOURNE, B TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS 1-SPECIFIC IGA CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 INFECTION IN INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PERINATAL HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 IGA; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; IGA-CAPTURE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; IGA-WESTERN BLOT ASSAY ID PERINATAL HIV-INFECTION; INVITRO PRODUCTION; P24 ANTIGEN; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; ASSAY; RISK AB A simplified human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-specific IgA capture enzyme immunoassay (IgA-CEIA) was evaluated and compared with IgA-Western blot assay for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants born to seropositive women. A total of 232 coded sera collected prospectively from 70 infants were tested. All 25 sera from 10 HIV-1-negative infants born to seronegative mothers (negative controls) were negative by both assays. All 111 sera from 37 seroreverting, uninfected infants were negative by IgA-CEIA (specificity, 100%), whereas 110 of 111 sera were negative by IgA-Western blot assay (specificity, >99%). Overall IgA-CEIA detected HIV-IgA in 20 (87%) of 23 infected infants, and IgA-Western blot assay detected HIV-IgA in 21 (91.3%) of 23 infants; specimenwise agreement between the 2 assays was >80%. Analysis of results by age group indicated that after 2 months of age both assays were equivalent with sensitivity ranging from 60 to 80%. Quantitative data provided by IgA-CEIA suggests that the bulk of HIV-1 IgA synthesis in most HIV-1-infected infants occurs after 2 months of age. C1 CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH,WORCESTER,MA. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR COMPREHENS HLTH PRACTICE,NEW YORK,NY. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,BRONX,NY 10456. RP PAREKH, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 11 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1097/00006454-199311000-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MF918 UT WOS:A1993MF91800003 PM 8265279 ER PT J AU BARTON, LL BUDD, SC MORFITT, WS PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG SCHINDLER, RF YOSHINO, MT AF BARTON, LL BUDD, SC MORFITT, WS PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG SCHINDLER, RF YOSHINO, MT TI CONGENITAL LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS-INFECTION IN TWINS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS; CONGENITAL VIRAL INFECTION; CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS; CHORIORETINITIS; ZOONOSIS C1 UNIV ARIZONA, ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT RADIOL, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. RETINA ASSOCIATES, TUCSON, AZ USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 11 BP 942 EP 946 DI 10.1097/00006454-199311000-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MF918 UT WOS:A1993MF91800010 PM 8265286 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, J RAO, M AHMED, F WARD, R HUDA, S CHAKRABORTY, J YUNUS, M KHAN, MR ALI, M KAY, B VANLOON, F SACK, D AF CLEMENS, J RAO, M AHMED, F WARD, R HUDA, S CHAKRABORTY, J YUNUS, M KHAN, MR ALI, M KAY, B VANLOON, F SACK, D TI BREAST-FEEDING AND THE RISK OF LIFE-THREATENING ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA - PREVENTION OR POSTPONEMENT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; ROTAVIRUS; DIARRHEA ID ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH; FIELD TRIAL; GASTROENTERITIS; ANTIBODIES; DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; COLOSTRUM AB Purpose. To assess the relationship between breast-feeding and the risk of life-threatening rotavirus diarrhea among Bangladeshi infants and children younger than 24 months of age. Design. Case-control study. Setting. A rural Bangladesh community. Participants. One hundred two cases with clinically severe rotavirus diarrhea detected in a treatment center-based surveillance system during 1985 and 1986, and 2587 controls selected in three surveys of the same community during the same calendar interval. Outcomes. Cases and controls were compared for the frequency of antecedent breast-feeding patterns. Results. Compared with other feeding modes, exclusive breast-feeding of infants was associated with significant protection against severe rotavirus diarrhea (relative risk (RR) = 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.34). However, during the second year of life, the risk of this outcome was higher in breast-fed than in non-breast-fed children (RR = 2.85; 95% CI = 0.37, 21.71), and no overall protection was associated with breast-feeding during the first 2 years of life (RR = 2.61; 95% CI = 0.62, 11.02). Conclusions. Although exclusive breast-feeding appeared to protect infants against severe rotavirus diarrhea, breast-feeding per se conferred no overall protection during the first 2 years of life, suggesting that breast-feeding temporarily postponed rather than prevented this outcome. While not detracting from efforts to promote breast-feeding to alleviate the burden of diarrhea due to nonrotaviral enteropathogens, our findings cast doubt on whether such efforts will impact on the problem of severe rotavirus diarrhea. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,BANGLADESH,BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JAMES GAMBLE INST MED RES,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CLEMENS, J (reprint author), NICHHD,RM 7B03,6100 EXECUT BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Ali, Mohammad/E-2365-2017 OI Ali, Mohammad/0000-0003-1410-388X NR 25 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1993 VL 92 IS 5 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ME773 UT WOS:A1993ME77300006 PM 8414854 ER PT J AU KRUGMAN, RD BAYS, JA CHADWICK, DL KANDA, MB LEVITT, CJ MCHUGH, MT BENOIT, MB POWELL, KE ROSMAN, MD KIRSCHNER, RH JENKINS, R FISCH, SI JACKSON, RE KOHRT, A LISBIN, A MCKAY, CJ MERK, PF MEULI, RL OHARE, D WEITZMAN, M WILSON, HL SCHULTZ, JS DYSON, AE MCLAURIN, J MELINKOVICH, P RUSSELL, Y SCHRATZ, BE STEINER, JF AF KRUGMAN, RD BAYS, JA CHADWICK, DL KANDA, MB LEVITT, CJ MCHUGH, MT BENOIT, MB POWELL, KE ROSMAN, MD KIRSCHNER, RH JENKINS, R FISCH, SI JACKSON, RE KOHRT, A LISBIN, A MCKAY, CJ MERK, PF MEULI, RL OHARE, D WEITZMAN, M WILSON, HL SCHULTZ, JS DYSON, AE MCLAURIN, J MELINKOVICH, P RUSSELL, Y SCHRATZ, BE STEINER, JF TI INVESTIGATION AND REVIEW OF UNEXPECTED INFANT AND CHILD DEATHS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1993 VL 92 IS 5 BP 734 EP 735 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ME773 UT WOS:A1993ME77300023 ER PT J AU GUO, G GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM AF GUO, G GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM TI CHILD-MORTALITY AMONG TWINS IN LESS-DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES SO POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Population-Association-of-America CY MAY, 1992 CL DENVER, CO SP POPULAT ASSOC AMER ID INFANT; SURVIVAL; MODEL AB Although twins constitute only about 2.4 per cent of total births in less developed countries, they account for about 12 per cent of neonatal deaths and about nine per cent of infant deaths. Twin mortality in less developed countries has almost never been analysed systematically. We examine survival among twins as contrasted with that among singleton births by using 2692 twin observations pooled from 26 standardized Demographic and Health Surveys. Weakened by gestational and other biological complications, twins seem to be more vulnerable to detrimental demographic and household socio-economic influences than singletons. Twinning tends to amplify, or at least retain, whatever group differences exist among singleton births. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GUO, G (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CAROLINA POPULAT CTR,123 W FRANKLIN ST,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU POPULATION INVESTIGATION COMM LONDON SCH OF ECON PI LONDON PA HOUGHTON ST ALDWYCH, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2A 2AE SN 0032-4728 J9 POP STUD-J DEMOG JI Popul. Stud.-J. Demogr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 495 EP 510 DI 10.1080/0032472031000147266 PG 16 WC Demography SC Demography GA MJ515 UT WOS:A1993MJ51500008 ER PT J AU SARMA, PSA DURAIRAJ, P PADHYE, AA AF SARMA, PSA DURAIRAJ, P PADHYE, AA TI CANDIDA-LUSITANIAE CAUSING FATAL MENINGITIS SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN; AMPHOTERICIN-B; RESISTANCE; SEPTICEMIA AB Fatal meningitis due to Candida lusitaniae in a 35 year old previously healthy man is described. C. lusitaniae is an opportunistic fungal pathogen reported infrequently in the English literature. This is the third case report of meningitis and the first fatal infection in an adult from Central India due to C. lusitaniae known to the authors. C1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU HOSP & RES CTR,DEPT MED,MADHYA PRADESH 490006,INDIA. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU HOSP & RES CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,MADHYA PRADESH 490006,INDIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0032-5473 J9 POSTGRAD MED J JI Postgrad. Med. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 69 IS 817 BP 878 EP 880 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MG244 UT WOS:A1993MG24400012 PM 8290437 ER PT J AU WESSON, DM MCLAIN, DK OLIVER, JH PIESMAN, J COLLINS, FH AF WESSON, DM MCLAIN, DK OLIVER, JH PIESMAN, J COLLINS, FH TI INVESTIGATION OF THE VALIDITY OF SPECIES STATUS OF IXODES-DAMMINI (ACARI, IXODIDAE) USING RDNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; PACIFICUS ACARI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SCAPULARIS; SEQUENCES; USA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The two internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA of three members of the Ixodes ricinus ''complex'' (Acari: Ixodidae) were sequenced. Sequence variation was assessed for the North American species 1. scapularis, I. dammini, and I. pacificus at three levels: within individual/population, between individuals of different geographic origin within a species, and between species. Both spacers are highly variable, particularly with regard to small deletions and additions which may arise via replication slippage. Homogenization of rDNA multigene arrays for particular sequence variants appears to occur at a relatively rapid rate, since I. pacificus sequences differ from the others at numerous invariant sites, facilitating the use of these sequences to assess sibling species relationships. Based on maximum parsimony and two distance methods (unweighted pair-group with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining), sequence variation in ITS1 and ITS2 suggests that I. scapularis and I. dammini are not distinct species and that even individuals from geographically isolated locations are very similar. Individuals from geographically separated populations of I. pacificus appear to be relatively less closely related to each other but distinct from those of I. scapularis/dammini. In I. scapularis/dammini, diversity within and between individuals from geographic populations contributed equally to total sequence diversity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 31 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 21 BP 10221 EP 10225 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10221 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MF296 UT WOS:A1993MF29600099 PM 8234280 ER PT J AU HOFFMANN, P RICHARDS, D PLEWS, P HOFFMANNHEINROTH, I TORAASON, M AF HOFFMANN, P RICHARDS, D PLEWS, P HOFFMANNHEINROTH, I TORAASON, M TI ARACHIDONIC-ACID INHIBITS ELECTRICALLY-INDUCED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM TRANSIENTS IN NEONATAL RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article AB Calcium transients in single rat cardiomyocytes were inhibited by arachidonic acid (AA) exposure in a concentration-dependent (25-100 muM) and reversible manner. RP HOFFMANN, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD NOV PY 1993 VL 49 IS 5 BP 837 EP 838 DI 10.1016/0952-3278(93)90206-C PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MF247 UT WOS:A1993MF24700003 PM 8302917 ER PT J AU MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB AF MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB TI THE IMPACT OF CRITICAL EVENTS OF THE 1980S ON CORE FUNCTIONS FOR A SELECTED GROUP OF LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Directors of 14 public health departments were surveyed for their perceptions on the impact of 20 critical events of the 1980s on public health performance. The departments were selected in 1979 from among those that were highly regarded by public health experts for exemplary performance, especially with regard to personal health services. The departments were the subjects of intensive case studies in 1979, 1983, and again in 1992. The public health functions that were most benefited in the 1980s were assessment and policy development. The assurance function was equivocally affected. Greatest positive impact was exerted by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, by increase in fee income, and by the Institute of Medicine report, ''The Future of Public Health. '' Negative influences, especially on the assurance function were exerted by loss of Federal grants, demographic changes, substance abuse, and economic downturn. Other critical events had equivocal or idiosyncratic effects. Analysis of public health practice according to the functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance appears to have utility for purposes of evaluation and planning. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOCAL HLTH DEPT FOLLOWUP STUDY,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MILLER, CA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CAMPUS BOX 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 108 IS 6 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MQ012 UT WOS:A1993MQ01200004 PM 8265753 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MS RITTMAN, M GILBERT, TT OPAL, SM DEBUONO, BA NEILL, RJ GEMSKI, P AF RICHARDS, MS RITTMAN, M GILBERT, TT OPAL, SM DEBUONO, BA NEILL, RJ GEMSKI, P TI INVESTIGATION OF A STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING OUTBREAK IN A CENTRALIZED SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AUREUS; STRAINS AB The trend in many communities toward centralized school lunch preparation potentially increases the risk of foodborne illness. Foods often are prepared long before serving and may be distributed to satellite schools by persons with little formal training in safe techniques of food preparation or food service. In May 1990, an outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning occurred in elementary schools in a Rhode Island community participating in such a program. In the investigation of the outbreak, students in schools that reported cases were interviewed. Food preparation, handling, and distribution were reviewed. At School E, 662 lunches were prepared and distributed to 4 additional schools (schools A-D). Schools A and B accounted for nearly all cases of the food poisoning, with rates of 47 percent and 18 percent. Eating ham increased the risk of illness (62 percent of those consuming ham and 3 percent of those who did not, relative risk = 18.0, 95 percent confidence interval = 4.0, 313.4). Large amounts of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured, and preformed enterotoxin A was identified in leftover ham. A food handler, who tested positive for the implicated enterotoxic strain S. aureus, reported having removed the casings from two of nine warm ham rolls 48 hours prior to service. Because of improper refrigeration, prolonged handling, and inadequate reheating, the ham was held at temperatures estimated at 10-49 degrees Celsius (50-120 degrees Fahrenheit) for a minimum of 15 hours. The potential for larger outbreaks prompted a statewide training program in safe food preparation for school lunch personnel, which may have applications for other communities. C1 RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DDPC,OFF COMMUNICABLE DIS,PROVIDENCE,RI. MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,DIV INFECT DIS,PAWTUCKET,RI. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MOLEC PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 108 IS 6 BP 765 EP 771 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MQ012 UT WOS:A1993MQ01200013 PM 8265762 ER PT J AU SWAN, GE HABINA, K MEANS, B JOBE, JB ESPOSITO, JL AF SWAN, GE HABINA, K MEANS, B JOBE, JB ESPOSITO, JL TI SALIVA COTININE AND RECENT SMOKING - EVIDENCE FOR A NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC ID SELF-REPORTED SMOKING; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NICOTINE; SMOKERS; SERUM AB Cotinine concentration in various body fluids is considered to be among the most useful markers of nicotine exposure currently available. Despite the prevailing consensus concerning cotinine's usefulness, cotinine's large intrasubject variability has led some to question the value of a single-point measurement. Several individual differences (for example, age, race, sex, and so forth) may affect cotinine excretion, and a peculiar nonlinearity between the number of cigarettes smoked and cotinine concentration has been reported previously in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the nature of the association between cotinine and reported number of cigarettes smoked after adjustment for the relationship between cotinine and age, a key individual difference known to affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and tissue sensitivity. The authors examined the relationship between saliva cotinine and daily cigarette consumption in 116 smokers (mean age = 37.4 years; average number of cigarettes smoked daily = 20.1) who logged each cigarette into a hand-held computer as part of a study on the accuracy of recall. The Pearson correlation between saliva cotinine and the logged number of cigarettes smoked in the previous 17 hours (the time window corresponding to the half-life of cotinine) accounted for significantly more of the variance in cotinine than did the average logged number of cigarettes smoked daily during 5 days. Age was also significantly associated with cotinine levels. Further examination of the relationship between cotinine and amount smoked in the previous 17 hours revealed evidence for a significant nonlinear component. Inclusion of both age and a cubic nonlinear component of daily cigarette consumption resulted in further significant improvement in the amount of variance accounted for in cotinine levels. These results suggest that adjustments for age and the inclusion of a nonlinear component for cigarette consumption will result in more precise use of cotinine as a validation tool for existing differences in smoking levels. C1 SRI INT,DIV HLTH & SOCIAL POLICY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP SWAN, GE (reprint author), SRI INT,HLTH SCI PROGRAM,333 RAVENSWOOD AVE,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39225] NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 108 IS 6 BP 779 EP 783 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MQ012 UT WOS:A1993MQ01200015 PM 8265764 ER PT J AU JONES, JL HUTTO, P MEYER, P DOWDA, H GAMBLE, WB GUNN, RA AF JONES, JL HUTTO, P MEYER, P DOWDA, H GAMBLE, WB GUNN, RA TI HIV SEROPREVALENCE AND REASONS FOR REFUSING AND ACCEPTING HIV TESTING SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NOTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; HEALTH AB Background and Objectives: We sought to evaluate the HIV seropositivity of patients who refused or accepted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in a South Carolina sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic, and the patients' reasons for refusing or accepting testing. Study Design: A serologic and self-administered survey done Jan. 9 through June 1, 1989. For those who refused HIV testing, a routine syphilis serology sample was tested blindly for HIV. Results: Of 1,929 patients in the study, 398 (21%) refused HIV testing. HIV test refusers were 2.2 times more likely to be HIV antibody positive than HIV test accepters (3.0% versus 1.4%, prevalence ratio = 2.2, CI95 1.1-4.4), with this difference mainly occurring among males. Seven of eight patients reporting that they refused testing because they were HIV positive were found to be HIV negative. The principal reason indicated for test refusal was not feeling at risk for HIV infection. The principal reasons indicated for test acceptance were wanting to know the results for their own health status and wishing to prevent spread of the virus to partners. Conclusion: We conclude that: (1) a higher seropositivity exists among HIV test refusers than accepters; (2) patient reporting HIV seropositivity should be viewed with caution; (3) many STD patients deny their risk for HIV; and (4) STD patients are concerned about transmission of HIV to their partners. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CHARLESTON,SC. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 20 IS 6 BP 334 EP 337 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MH998 UT WOS:A1993MH99800006 PM 8108756 ER PT J AU NEWHALL, J MORSE, S NUTTER, C AF NEWHALL, J MORSE, S NUTTER, C TI NONCULTURE TESTS FOR GENITAL-TRACT CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION - IS THE GOVERNMENT THE ANSWER TO OUR PROBLEMS - RESPONSE SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP NEWHALL, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 20 IS 6 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MH998 UT WOS:A1993MH99800012 ER PT J AU CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML MOORE, CA KHOURY, MJ AF CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML MOORE, CA KHOURY, MJ TI DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA, ATLANTA, GEORGIA SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUODENAL ATRESIA; MALFORMATIONS; DEFECTS AB To describe the epidemiology of small intestinal atresia (SIA) in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 through 1989, we used the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, an active, population-based surveillance system for birth defects diagnosed during the first year of life. We identified 176 infants with SIA, a prevalence of 2.8 per 10,000 livebirths. Among black infants, the prevalence was 3.7 per 10,000 livebirths, significantly higher than the prevalence of 2.4 per 10,000 among white infants [relative risk (RR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1,2.1]. Nine infants were each one member of a unique pair of twins. The prevalence among twin infants was 7.3 per 10,000, significantly higher than the prevalence of 2.8 per 10,000 among singletons (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.4,5.2). Forty-nine percent of the infants had duodenal atresia, 36% had jejunal atresia, and 14% had ileal atresia. Two infants (1%) had atresia at an unspecified site in the small intestine. We grouped the infants by anatomic location of SIA into four categories: isolated SIA (53%), SIA with multiple unrelated defects (21%), sequences (16%), and syndromes (10%). We then compared the isolated and multiple unrelated defects groups by gender, race, maternal age, birth weight and one-year mortality for each location of SIA. Among black infants the prevalence of isolated jejunal atresia was 1.4 per 10,000, significantly higher than the prevalence of 0.2 per 10,000 among white infants (RR = 6.3, 95% CI = 2.9, 13.5). The increased prevalence of these defects among twins was a particularly interesting finding. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1002/tera.1420480508 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA MK528 UT WOS:A1993MK52800006 PM 8303613 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT STEVENS, YW WILSON, JD ADEMOYERO, AA BUCHANAN, SD CIBULAS, W DUERKSENHUGHES, PJ MUMTAZ, MM NEFT, RE POHL, HR WILLIAMSJOHNSON, MM AF DEROSA, CT STEVENS, YW WILSON, JD ADEMOYERO, AA BUCHANAN, SD CIBULAS, W DUERKSENHUGHES, PJ MUMTAZ, MM NEFT, RE POHL, HR WILLIAMSJOHNSON, MM TI THE AGENCY FOR TOXIC-SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRYS ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOMARKERS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE BIOMARKERS; DATA NEEDS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; WASTE SITES ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; ALVEOLAR AIR; EXPOSURE; CANCER; LYMPHOCYTES; WORKERS AB An overview of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) biomarker program is presented in the context of the paradigm for biomarkers developed by the National Research Council (NRC, 1987, 1991). The status and projected utility of four biomarker studies conducted by NRC and sponsored by ATSDR, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are discussed. These studies include a review of relevant research on biomarkers for specific toxicologic end points, including reproductive toxicology, pulmonary toxicology, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxicology. Also, the scope of related research on exposure characterization being conducted by the ATSDR-sponsored research program at Rutgers University is reviewed. The potential impact of biomarkers on public health assessments and on the range of ATSDR programs is described. Specifically, the role of biomarkers in dose reconstruction, in ATSDR's health studies program, and in the emerging field of molecular epidemiology is reviewed. In addition, future directions and research needs are addressed. RP DEROSA, CT (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,MAIL STOP E-29,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 6 BP 979 EP 994 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NB269 UT WOS:A1993NB26900001 PM 8191504 ER PT J AU SELIK, RM WARD, JW BUEHLER, JW AF SELIK, RM WARD, JW BUEHLER, JW TI TRENDS IN TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED ACQUIRED-IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1982 THROUGH 1991 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; PERIOD; HIV AB To evaluate the efficacy of measures for preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusion, trends in transfusion-associated cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported through June 1992 were analyzed. By year of transfusion, cases rose from 56 in 1978 to 714 in 1984, dropped sharply to 288 in 1985 when screening of donated blood for HIV antibody began, and fell below 20 per year from 1986 through 1991. Reinvestigation of a sample of cases suggested that only one-fourth of those attributed in the trends analysis to post-1985 United States transfusions actually were due to that source. By year of AIDS diagnosis, cases climbed from 14 in 1982 to 824 in 1987 and subsequently remained relatively level. Of cases diagnosed in 1991 with known transfusion dates, almost all resulted from transfusions received before 1986. Cases in persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years at diagnosis fell steeply after 1987, while those in persons aged 45 to 64 years leveled and those in persons aged 25 to 44 years continued to increase; this caused the median age to decrease from 59 in 1986 to 47 in 1991. Thus, screening and other measures have almost completely prevented transmission, but, because of infections acquired before screening began, many cases continue to be diagnosed among increasingly younger persons. RP SELIK, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 11 BP 890 EP 893 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.331194082377.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MM278 UT WOS:A1993MM27800002 PM 8259593 ER PT J AU BRODINE, SK KAIME, EM ROBERTS, C TURNICKY, RP LAL, RB AF BRODINE, SK KAIME, EM ROBERTS, C TURNICKY, RP LAL, RB TI SIMULTANEOUS CONFIRMATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II INFECTION BY MODIFIED WESTERN-BLOT CONTAINING RECOMBINANT ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY REACTIVITY; IMMUNOBLOT; EPITOPES; DISEASE; DONORS; UNIQUE AB A modified Western blot (WB) that includes both shared (r21e) and unique recombinant envelope proteins from human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I (rgp46(I)) and type II (rgp46(II)) was compared to conventional HTLV serologic tests in 379 United States blood donors and individuals residing in diverse geographic regions, and the specimens were categorized as positive (n = 158), indeterminate (n = 158), or negative (n = 63) for HTLV infection. Of the 158 HTLV-I/II-positive specimens (66 requiring radioimmunoprecipitation assay [RIPA] for confirmation), 156 reacted concordantly with r21e, gag, and either rgp46(I) or rgp46(II), thus eliminating the need for RIPA in all but two specimens and yielding a test sensitivity of 98.7 percent. Of the 158 indeterminate and 63 negative specimens, none reacted with r21e and rgp46(I) or rgp46(II), yielding a test specificity of 100 percent. Furthermore, analysis of an additional 184 consecutive specimens from a retrovirology reference laboratory demonstrated that the modified WB correctly identified 27 of 28 HTLV-I specimens and, all 13 HTLV-II specimens, with a test sensitivity of 97.6 percent. None of specimens that were indeterminate or nonreactive in conventional WB and/or RIPA and none-of the screening enzyme immunoassay-negative specimens reacted with r21e and either rgp46(I) or rgp46(II), for a, test specificity of 100 percent. Thus, the modified WB appears to be highly sensitive arid specific for simultaneous detection and discrimination of HTLV-I from HTLV-II and has the advantage of being a one-step assay that is easily performed in all types of laboratory settings and allows rapid, reliable, and standardized testing for HTLV-I/II infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. USN HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT DIAGNOST RETROVIROL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 11 BP 925 EP 929 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.331194082384.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MM278 UT WOS:A1993MM27800009 PM 7903127 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB YENNE, KM DREESEN, DW TEPLIS, CF MEHTA, N BRIGGS, DJ AF FISHBEIN, DB YENNE, KM DREESEN, DW TEPLIS, CF MEHTA, N BRIGGS, DJ TI RISK-FACTORS FOR SYSTEMIC HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFTER BOOSTER VACCINATIONS WITH HUMAN-DIPLOID CELL RABIES VACCINE - A NATIONWIDE PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN DIPLOID CELL RABIES VACCINE; SYSTEMIC REACTION; BOOSTER ID BETA-PROPIOLACTONE; IMMUNIZATION; IGE AB To determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse reactions following the boosters, we conducted a nationwide prospective study of persons receiving pre-exposure booster vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV). Persons who had previously received three pre-exposure doses of HDCV and whose rabies neutralizing antibody titres were less-than-or-equal-to 1: 5 were enrolled in the study if they stated that they intended to receive a booster. Of the 98 persons enrolled in the study, 40 (41%) were in risk groups for whom boosters are not recommended. Three (3%) of 98 developed generalized urticaria or wheezing within 1 day of receiving boosters and three others (3%) developed urticaria 6 to 14 days after the booster. No differences were found between individuals with reactions (either type) and those with no adverse reaction according to age, gender, occupation, history of previous allergies, or time since or route of primary vaccination. Reactions were somewhat more common among persons who received primary vaccinations by the intramuscular route (i.m.) and booster vaccinations by the intradermal route (i.d.) (3/15, 20%) or primary vaccinations i.d. and booster vaccinations i.m. (2/10, 20%), and somewhat less common among persons who received both these vaccinations i.d. (1/52, 2%) or i.m. (0/7). The number of persons who develop allergic reactions may be minimized by administering vaccinations only when vaccination is strictly indicated. The influence of the route of primary and booster vaccinations on the development of reactions deserves further study. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,VET MED CTR,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAG,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1993 VL 11 IS 14 BP 1390 EP 1394 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90167-V PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA MH268 UT WOS:A1993MH26800005 PM 8310759 ER PT J AU DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR HOSHINO, Y ISHIDA, SI NAKAGOMI, O BHAN, MK KUMAR, R GLASS, RI AF DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR HOSHINO, Y ISHIDA, SI NAKAGOMI, O BHAN, MK KUMAR, R GLASS, RI TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE G-SEROTYPE AND GENOGROUP OF NEW-DELHI NEWBORN ROTAVIRUS STRAIN-116E SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OUTER CAPSID PROTEIN-VP4; SUBGROUP-I SPECIFICITY; RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANIMAL ROTAVIRUSES; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; NEONATAL INFECTIONS; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GASTROENTEROL & ENTER INFECT,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. AKITA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,AKITA 010,JAPAN. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. AKITA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,AKITA 010,JAPAN. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Kumar, Rajeev/I-2338-2016 OI Kumar, Rajeev/0000-0002-0783-1101 NR 63 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 197 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1570 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB621 UT WOS:A1993MB62100010 PM 8212599 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA CHANG, GJ LANCIOTTI, RS KINNEY, RM MAYER, LW TRENT, DW AF LEWIS, JA CHANG, GJ LANCIOTTI, RS KINNEY, RM MAYER, LW TRENT, DW TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF DENGUE-2 VIRUSES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE PROTEIN GENE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES; GENOME; TYPE-2; GLYCOPROTEIN RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 46 TC 136 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 197 IS 1 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1582 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB621 UT WOS:A1993MB62100022 PM 8212556 ER PT J AU WEAVER, SC HAGENBAUGH, A BELLEW, LA NETESOV, SV VOLCHKOV, VE CHANG, GJJ CLARKE, DK GOUSSET, L SCOTT, TW TRENT, DW HOLLAND, JJ AF WEAVER, SC HAGENBAUGH, A BELLEW, LA NETESOV, SV VOLCHKOV, VE CHANG, GJJ CLARKE, DK GOUSSET, L SCOTT, TW TRENT, DW HOLLAND, JJ TI A COMPARISON OF THE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES OF EASTERN AND WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUSES WITH THOSE OF OTHER ALPHAVIRUSES AND RELATED RNA VIRUSES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; POSITIVE-STRAND; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RUBELLA-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; GENOMIC RNA; ROSS RIVER; EVOLUTION; POLYMERASES C1 VECTOR SCI & PROD ASSOC, INST MOLEC BIOL, KOLTSOV 633159, RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE VIRAL DIS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. RP WEAVER, SC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011; Netesov, Sergey/A-3751-2013; Volchkov, Viktor/M-7846-2014 OI Netesov, Sergey/0000-0002-7786-2464; Volchkov, Viktor/0000-0001-7896-8706 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26787, AI14627] NR 59 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 197 IS 1 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1599 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB621 UT WOS:A1993MB62100039 PM 8105605 ER PT J AU LOTT, TJ KUYKENDALL, RJ REISS, E AF LOTT, TJ KUYKENDALL, RJ REISS, E TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE 5-CENTER-DOT-8S RDNA AND ADJACENT ITS2 REGION OF CANDIDA-ALBICANS AND RELATED SPECIES SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE CANDIDA-ALBICANS; 5-CENTER-DOT-8S, ITS2; RDNA; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT RNA; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; CODING REGION; DNA; 5.8S; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We have determined the nucleotide sequence for the DNA encoding the 5.8S RNAs and downstream internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) regions for Candida albicans and the taxonomically related species C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. Phylogenetic analysis of all known fungal 5.8S RNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, and to a lesser extent C. albicans within the yeast-like fungi. This group can itself be delineated from predominantly filamentous species. The more distal relationships between Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata and C. krusei support previous findings based on small (18S) ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, suggesting a greater degree of evolutionary divergence of these species from the C. albicans group. Among strains of C. albicans we observed conservation of the ITS2 region at the nucleotide level. Conservation was also observed for a more limited number of C. parapsilosis strains. Although the 3' region of the ITS spacer was species specific, sequence homology was observed in the 5' end within the albicans/parapsilosis/tropicalis group. Our findings suggest a rapid approach to species identification through the use of non-conserved regions flanked by highly conserved, functional domains. RP LOTT, TJ (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD NOV PY 1993 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1199 EP 1206 DI 10.1002/yea.320091106 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA MK348 UT WOS:A1993MK34800004 PM 8109169 ER PT J AU CURTIN, D SYNER, J VEGEGA, M AF CURTIN, D SYNER, J VEGEGA, M TI ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN PEDESTRIAN FATALITIES - UNITED-STATES, 1982-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 716-719, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,NATL CTR STAT & ANAL RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20590. CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP CURTIN, D (reprint author), NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,TRAF SAFETY PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20590, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1916 EP 1916 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300004 ER PT J AU LAPLANTE, MP AF LAPLANTE, MP TI PREVALENCE OF MOBILITY AND SELF-CARE DISABILITY - UNITED-STATES, 1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 767-769, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US DEPT EDUC,NATL INST DISABIL & REHABIL RES,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,APPLICAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DISABIL PREVENT PROGRAM,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. RP LAPLANTE, MP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH & AGING,CTR DISABIL STAT REHABIL RES & TRAINING,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1918 EP 1918 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300005 ER PT J AU HJELLE, B TORREZMARTINEZ, N DAMROW, TA AF HJELLE, B TORREZMARTINEZ, N DAMROW, TA TI PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HANTAVIRUS DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 770-771, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT 59620. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP HJELLE, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1920 EP 1921 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300007 ER PT J AU KINGREE, WB DEEGAN, D PETTY, RW JOHNSON, L MCDONOUGH, SL SHIRELEY, LA WELTY, TK AF KINGREE, WB DEEGAN, D PETTY, RW JOHNSON, L MCDONOUGH, SL SHIRELEY, LA WELTY, TK TI UPDATE - HANTAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED ILLNESS - NORTH-DAKOTA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 207, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N DAKOTA STAT DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND 58505. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,RAPID CITY,SD. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1920 EP 1920 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300006 ER PT J AU LAPLANTE, MP AF LAPLANTE, MP TI PREVALENCE OF WORK DISABILITY - UNITED-STATES, 1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 757-759, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US DEPT EDUC,NATL INST DISABIL & REHABIL RES,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,APPLICAT BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DISABIL PREVENT PROGRAM,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP LAPLANTE, MP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH & AGING,CTR DISABIL STAT REHABIL RES & TRAINING,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1921 EP 1921 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300008 ER PT J AU STEHRGREEN, PA ZELL, ER EDDINS, DL AF STEHRGREEN, PA ZELL, ER EDDINS, DL TI CHILDHOOD VACCINATIONS - ARE RATES REALLY DECLINING SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP STEHRGREEN, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 16 BP 1932 EP 1932 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC513 UT WOS:A1993MC51300014 PM 8411545 ER PT J AU GENTRY, EM NOWAK, G SALMON, CT GERBERT, B BLEECKER, T COLCLOUGH, GJ CYNAMON, ML SANDERS, L JASON, JM AF GENTRY, EM NOWAK, G SALMON, CT GERBERT, B BLEECKER, T COLCLOUGH, GJ CYNAMON, ML SANDERS, L JASON, JM TI ADDRESSING THE PUBLICS CONCERNS ABOUT HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSMISSION IN HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIANS; DENTISTRY; AIDS AB Background: The 1990 report of a cluster of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with a Florida dentist with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome attracted considerable media coverage and legislative attention. A number of polls found that the public favored mandatory HIV-antibody testing of health-care workers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, conducted a two-phase study to understand how public concerns regarding potential HIV transmission in health-care settings can be addressed by the medical and public health communities. Methods: Sixteen focus group discussions in nine US cities were conducted to explore the public's perceptions, concerns, and behavioral responses regarding HIV transmission in health-care settings. Using this information, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a nationwide probability telephone sample of 1150 adults. Results: Concern about contracting HIV health-care settings was highest for emergency department treatment and lowest for treatment by a personal physician. Two factors directly related to patient care, ie, the health-care professional's willingness to discuss acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome educational materials in the waiting room, were considered useful factors for determining potential risk of transmission of HIV in a health-care setting. Conclusions: Public concern about the potential for HIV transmission in health-care settings remains high. Active steps on the part of health-care professionals, such as providing educational materials and initiating discussions about infection control procedures and about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, could likely have positive effects in terms of alleviating these concerns. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH DENT,DIV BEHAV SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,SURVEY RES UNIT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP GENTRY, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,RES & EVALUAT BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-59,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 20 BP 2334 EP 2340 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.20.2334 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD355 UT WOS:A1993MD35500004 PM 8215736 ER PT J AU HATCH, DL GOLDMAN, LR AF HATCH, DL GOLDMAN, LR TI REDUCED SEVERITY OF EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSUMPTION OF VITAMIN-CONTAINING SUPPLEMENTS BEFORE ILLNESS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID L-TRYPTOPHAN; MANIFESTATIONS; INGESTION AB Objective: To determine if the severity, of subacute symptoms in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was affected by medical history or use of nutritional supplements other than tryptophan before illness. Design and Study Population: A case-control study was conducted of EMS cases systematically sampled from all those reported to a statewide surveillance system in California in 1989. Excluding two previous EMS-related deaths, interviews were completed in 73% (57/78) of the eligible case patients sampled. Main Outcome Measures: The severity of any myalgia(s), dyspnea, or walking impairment during each of the first 3 months of EMS was quantified by means of self-reported integer scores ranging from 0 (asymptomatic) to 10 (severe symptoms). Case patients in the top tercile of combined, unweighted monthly scores were defined as having severe symptoms. Results: All interviewees (57 of 57) had consumed supplemental tryptophan before illness; 89% (51/57) were The odds of severe symptoms were not significantly associated with gender, age, previous antidepressant use, or cumulative amounts of supplemental tryptophan consumed before or after EMS onset (P>.1). Previous consumption of any multivitamin(s), however, was associated with significantly lower odds of severe symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 0.05; 95% confidence limits, 0.007, 0.4; P=.006). Conclusions: The consumption of multivitamin-containing supplements before EMS appears to have modified the severity of subacute symptoms in this sample of cases from California. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP HATCH, DL (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & TOXICOL BRANCH,5900 HOLLIS ST,SUITE E,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 25 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 20 BP 2368 EP 2373 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.20.2368 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD355 UT WOS:A1993MD35500009 PM 8215741 ER PT J AU BIRCH, ME AF BIRCH, ME TI SOLVENT VENTING TECHNIQUE FOR GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA-ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; SOLVENT VENTING TECHNIQUE ID HELIUM PLASMA; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DETECTOR; INTERFACE; SYSTEM; CAVITY AB A solvent-venting interface for gas chromatography with microwave plasma emission detection was developed. Solvent venting is necessary to avoid the deleterious effects that can occur when solvent is permitted to enter the plasma. During venting, the flow of plasma supply gas through the discharge tube is reversed. The reversed gas flow directs the solvent away from the plasma to vent through resistively heated stainless steel tubing. Gas flow direction is controlled by a 6-port valve. After venting, the valve is switched to the analysis mode, and the supply gas and column effluent flow in the forward direction to the plasma for analyte determination. Vent operation does not appear to affect plasma stability. Although a change in background is observed during solvent venting, the background quickly returns to its original level when the vent is switched back to the analysis mode. The interface is a low dead volume design that allows placement of the column 2-3 mm from the plasma. Because a transfer line or other components are not required, active sites in the interface are avoided. A modified commercial instrument (Applied Chromatography Systems MPD 850) was used for this research. Performance of the modified instrument was improved relative to that of the original system. Interface design and analytical results are reported. RP BIRCH, ME (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 20 PY 1993 VL 282 IS 2 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MC797 UT WOS:A1993MC79700029 ER PT J AU ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S PIPPERT, K BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ATHERTON, M ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E AF ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S PIPPERT, K BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ATHERTON, M ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E TI MAMMOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATIONS AMONG WOMEN AGED 50 YEARS AND OLDER - BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 737-741, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,BEHAV RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELDRIDGE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,DIS SURVEILLANCE BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 15 BP 1792 EP 1793 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MB464 UT WOS:A1993MB46400005 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF CAMPBELL, JF LIPMAN, HB BROOME, CV FACKLAM, RR AF BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF CAMPBELL, JF LIPMAN, HB BROOME, CV FACKLAM, RR TI PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE EFFICACY - AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HIGH-RISK; DISEASE; REVACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective.-To determine pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy in selected populations at risk for serious pneumococcal infection for whom vaccination is currently recommended and to assess duration of protection after vaccination. Design.-Vaccine efficacy was estimated using indirect cohort analysis to compare the proportion of pneumococcal infections caused by serotypes included in the vaccines of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons who were identified during 14 years of national surveillance. Setting.-Hospital laboratories in the United States that submitted pneumococcal isolates to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between May 1978 and April 1992. Participants.-A total of 2837 persons older than 5 years who had pneumococcus isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Results.-Overall efficacy for preventing infection caused by serotypes included in the vaccine was 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45% to 66%). Efficacy among persons with diabetes mellitus was 84% (95% CI, 50% to 95%); with coronary vascular disease, 73% (95% CI, 23% to 90%); with congestive heart failure, 69% (95% CI, 17% to 88%); with chronic pulmonary diseases, 65% (95% CI, 26% to 83%); and with anatomic asplenia, 77% (95% CI, 14% to 95%). Efficacy was not documented for patients with alcoholism or cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, chronic renal failure, lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma, although sample sizes were small for these groups. Efficacy for immunocompetent persons older than 65 years was 75% (95% CI, 57% to 85%). Efficacy did not decline with increasing interval after vaccination: 5 to 8 years after vaccination it was 71% (95% CI, 24% to 89%), and 9 years or more after vaccination it was 80% (95% CI, 16% to 95%). Conclusions.-Intensified efforts to improve pneumococcal vaccine coverage among certain populations for whom vaccination is currently recommended is indicated, but universal revaccination is not warranted at this time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,MS C-09,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 486 Z9 507 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 20 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 15 BP 1826 EP 1831 DI 10.1001/jama.270.15.1826 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MB464 UT WOS:A1993MB46400025 PM 8411526 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K WARD, E AF STEENLAND, K WARD, E TI LUNG-CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH BERYLLIUM DISEASE - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL MSR-13,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD OCT 20 PY 1993 VL 85 IS 20 BP 1698 EP 1699 DI 10.1093/jnci/85.20.1698 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA MB670 UT WOS:A1993MB67000024 ER PT J AU HOLTZMAN, D KANN, L COLLINS, J KOLBE, L AF HOLTZMAN, D KANN, L COLLINS, J KOLBE, L TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INSTRUCTION, KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION WITH PARENTS AND PEERS, AND RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 588 EP 588 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700011 ER PT J AU IRWIN, K RICE, R OSULLIVAN, M SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M MOORMAN, A AF IRWIN, K RICE, R OSULLIVAN, M SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M MOORMAN, A TI CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND COURSE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID) IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV)-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE WOMEN - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MULTICTR HIV & PID STUDY GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 588 EP 588 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700012 ER EF