FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SERBANESCU, F MORRIS, L STUPP, P STANESCU, A AF SERBANESCU, F MORRIS, L STUPP, P STANESCU, A TI THE IMPACT OF RECENT POLICY CHANGES ON FERTILITY, ABORTION, AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN ROMANIA SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB A national household survey of 4,861 women aged 15-44 on reproductive health issues was conducted in Romania in 1993. The survey provided the opportunity to study the impact of policy changes by comparing selected aspects of fertility, abortion, and contraceptive use before and after the December 1989 revolution, when the laws restricting abortion and contraceptive use were abolished. After abortion became legal, the total fertility rate dropped to below replacement level, while the induced abortion rate doubled. Contraceptive prevalence increased 20 percent, but augmentation of the use of traditional methods, rather than the change in legislation, accounted for 70 percent of the increase. Limited sex education and contraceptive information, mistrust and misinformation about modern methods, a lack of adequately trained providers, and a shortage or uneven distribution of contraceptive supplies are major reasons for the continued high rates of unintended pregnancy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,BEHAV EPIDEMIOL & DEMOG RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,DIV PROGRAMS & REFORMS,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU POPULATION COUNC PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.2307/2137933 PG 12 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW204 UT WOS:A1995QW20400002 PM 7618197 ER PT J AU POTTER, LB POWELL, KE KACHUR, SP AF POTTER, LB POWELL, KE KACHUR, SP TI SUICIDE-PREVENTION FROM A PUBLIC-HEALTH PERSPECTIVE SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB The public health approach to health problems provides a strong framework and rationale for developing and implementing suicide prevention programs. This approach consists of health-event surveillance to describe the problem, epidemiologic analysis to identify risk factors, the design and evaluation of interventions, and the implementation of prevention programs. The application of each of these components to suicide prevention is reviewed. Suggestions for improving surveillance include encouraging the use of appropriate coding, reviewing suicide statistics at the local level, collecting more etiologically useful information, and placing greater emphasis on analysis of morbidity data. For epidemiologic analysis, greater use could be made of observational studies, and uniform definitions and measures should be developed and adopted. Efforts to develop interventions must include evaluating both the process and the outcome. Finally, community suicide prevention programs should include more than one strategy and, where appropriate, should be strongly linked with the community's mental health resources. With adequate planning, coordination, and resources, and the public health approach can help reduce the emotional and economic costs imposed on society by suicide and suicidal behavior. RP POTTER, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA QV248 UT WOS:A1995QV24800008 PM 7631377 ER PT J AU ALLRED, SL BURG, JR AF ALLRED, SL BURG, JR TI ENVIRONMENTAL PERSONAL-INJURY LITIGATION AS ONE SOURCE OF RESPONSE EFFECTS - FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRY SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE LITIGATION; REGISTRY; RESPONSE EFFECTS ID MEDICAL RECORDS; QUESTIONS; ACCURACY; RECALL; BIAS AB The potential for error in survey responses obtained from people involved with environmental personal injury litigation was examined in a registry of persons exposed to the chemical trichloroethylene. Two subgroups were selected and compared: environmental personal injury plaintiffs and nonlitigants residing in the same community. Self-reported information on demographic characteristics revealed no statistically significant differences. Although plaintiffs reported higher rates of symptoms and health problems, only 2 of the 20 comparisons on health were statistically significant. The overall similarity between the two groups suggests that environmental personal injury plaintiffs may be no more likely than nonlitigants to provide inaccurate information in health surveys. C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENNESAW STATE COLL,DEPT POLIT SCI & INT AFFAIRS,MARIETTA,GA 30061. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RH360 UT WOS:A1995RH36000008 PM 7491636 ER PT J AU BURG, JR GIST, GL AF BURG, JR GIST, GL TI THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRY - PROCEDURES FOR ESTABLISHING A REGISTRY OF PERSONS ENVIRONMENTALLY EXPOSED TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGISTRY; SURVEILLANCE; SUPERFUND AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry has, as mandated in Superfund legislation, established the National Exposure Registry (NER). The purpose of the NER is to assess and evaluate the potential relationship between adverse health effects and environmental exposure for an exposed population, particularly the relationship between chronic health effects and long-term, low-level chemical exposures. The NER's primary goal is to facilitate epidemiology research by establishing multiple-data bases (subregistries) that contain demographic, environmental, and health information on large populations exposed to selected chemicals. The Registry data mainly serve the purpose of being hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing. The NER is currently composed of subregistries of: (1) persons exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - a subset of registrants in whom trichloroethylene (TCE) is the primary VOC exposure, but others are present (N = 4,832), a subset in whom benzene is the primary VOC exposure (N = 1,142), and a subset in whom trichloroethane (TCA) and TCE are the highest VOC exposures (N = 3,666); and (2) persons with dioxin exposure (N = 250). Chromium and radioactive substances subregistries are planned. RP BURG, JR (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 231 EP 248 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RH360 UT WOS:A1995RH36000009 PM 7491637 ER PT J AU DREYER, G AMARAL, F NOROES, J MEDEIROS, Z ADDISS, D AF DREYER, G AMARAL, F NOROES, J MEDEIROS, Z ADDISS, D TI A NEW TOOL TO ASSESS THE ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY IN-VIVO OF ANTIFILARIAL DRUGS FOR BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Note DE FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI; ULTRASOUND; ASSESSMENT OF ADULTICIDAL TREATMENT ID DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; MICROFILAREMIA C1 MEM IMAGEM & DIAGNOST,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. UNIV FED PERNAMBUCO,HOSP CLIN,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DREYER, G (reprint author), FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS AGGEU MAGALHAES,DEPT PARASITOL,AVE MORAES REGO S-N,CAMPUS UNIV,BR-52020020 RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 89 IS 2 BP 225 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90506-5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RW847 UT WOS:A1995RW84700029 PM 7778157 ER PT J AU SORVILLO, FJ NAHLEN, BL AF SORVILLO, FJ NAHLEN, BL TI INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION FOR HIV-INFECTED PERSONS IN LOS-ANGELES SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE INFLUENZA VACCINE; HIV-INFECTED PERSONS; IMMUNIZATION RATE ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HIV; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VACCINE; HEALTH AB We assessed the use of influenza vaccine in a cohort of HIV-infected patients during 1991 and 1992 in Los Angeles County. Influenza vaccination status and clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical records in three different outpatient clinics: a health maintenance organization (HMO), a public clinic and a private medical group. The overall proportion of patients immunized with influenza vaccine was 28%. Patients receiving medical care at the HMO were more likely to receive influenza vaccine (45%) than were patients at the public clinic (25%) or the private facility (13%). Higher immunization levels were also observed among patients with greater numbers of clinic visits for both years studied (p < 0.001). After we controlled for the number of outpatient visits, patients at the HMO and the public clinic were still more likely to receive influenza vaccine in both 1991 (adjusted relative risks 3.2 and 2.1, respectively) and 1992 (adjusted relative risks 1.7 and 1.8) compared with private clinic patients, Health-care providers should increase efforts to provide influenza vaccine to HIV-infected patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SORVILLO, FJ (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,AIDS EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR PY 1995 VL 13 IS 4 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)98261-8 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA QR842 UT WOS:A1995QR84200010 PM 7793135 ER PT J AU DIAZ, HF ANDERSON, CA AF DIAZ, HF ANDERSON, CA TI PRECIPITATION TRENDS AND WATER-CONSUMPTION RELATED TO POPULATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES - A REASSESSMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB Water consumption figures for the southwest United States are compared for the last four decades. Past trends in consumption are evaluated in the context of precipitation variability in the region and with regard to Colorado River streamflow changes. The study represents a follow-up look at a previous assessment of water consumption, regional precipitation, and demographic trends in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, which account for much of the annual depletions of Colorado River water. The previous study was completed during a wet spell in the West, and trends in all major categories of water consumption were consistently upward. This study indicates that a decline or reversal has taken place in water use in many of the western states. The greater water efficiency (reduced per capita water use) is particularly noteworthy in California, which alone accounts for the lion's share of water depletions from the Colorado River Basin. The years since the mid-1980's have been predominantly dry in much of the West. At the same time, population in the six-state region has increased at about the same pace it had grown during prior decades. A shift from irrigation-related uses to civil consumption is evident in the 1980's. Taking into consideration a situation where multiyear dry spells are a normal part of the climate of the region, it appears that irrigation depletions may have peaked in the West. In the future, allocations for civil supply, recreation, and other in-stream uses as well as for hydropower generation may heighten the competition for available water supplies, put pressure on existing pricing policies, and force users toward greater conservation efforts and improved efficiencies. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DIAZ, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1029/94WR02755 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700021 ER PT J AU JONES, JL HANSON, DL CHU, SY WARD, JW JAFFE, HW AF JONES, JL HANSON, DL CHU, SY WARD, JW JAFFE, HW TI AIDS-ASSOCIATED KAPOSIS-SARCOMA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS RP JONES, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ADULT ADOLESCENT SPECTRUM DIS STUDY GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 24 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5201 BP 1078 EP 1079 DI 10.1126/science.7855583 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QJ237 UT WOS:A1995QJ23700003 PM 7855583 ER PT J AU STREBEL, PM IONNEDELCU, N BAUGHMAN, AL SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL AF STREBEL, PM IONNEDELCU, N BAUGHMAN, AL SUTTER, RW COCHI, SL TI INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS WITHIN 30 DAYS OF IMMUNIZATION WITH ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE - A RISK FACTOR FOR VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENGLAND; SYSTEM; WALES AB Background. In Romania the rate of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is for unexplained reasons 5 to 17 times higher than in other countries. Long ago it was noted that intramuscular injections administered during the incubation period of wild-type poliovirus infection increased the risk of paralytic disease (a phenomenon known as ''provocation'' poliomyelitis). We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between intramuscular injections and vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in Romania. Methods. The patients were 31 young children in whom vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis developed from 1988 through 1992. Eighteen were vaccine recipients, and 13 had acquired the disease by contact with vaccine recipients. Each of these children was matched with up to five controls according to health center, age, and in the case of vaccine recipients, history of receipt of the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Data were abstracted from medical records that documented the injections administered in the 30 days before the onset of paralysis. Results. Of the 31 children with vaccine-associated disease, 27 (87 percent) had received one or more intramuscular injections within 30 days before the onset of paralysis, as compared with 77 of the 151 controls (51 percent) (matched odds ratio, 31.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 244.2). Nearly all the intramuscular injections were of antibiotics, and the association was strongest for the patients who received 10 or more injections (matched odds ratio for greater than or equal to 10 injections as compared with no injections, 182.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 15.2 to 2186.4). The risk of paralytic disease was strongly associated with injections given after the oral poliovirus vaccine, but not with injections given before or at the same time as the vaccine (matched odds ratio, 56.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 8.9 to infinity). The attributable risk in the population for intramuscular injections given in the 30 days before the onset of paralysis was 86 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66 to 95 percent); that is, we estimate that 86 percent of the cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in this population might have been prevented by the elimination of intramuscular injections within 30 days after exposure to Oral poliovirus vaccine. Conclusions. Provocation paralysis, previously described only for wild-type poliovirus infection, may rarely occur in a child who receives multiple intramuscular injections shortly after exposure to oral poliovirus vaccine, either as a vaccine recipient or through contact with a recent recipient. This phenomenon may explain the high rate of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Romania, where the use of intramuscular injections of antibiotics in infants with febrile illness is common. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV DATA MANAGEMENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. RP STREBEL, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 23 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 8 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1056/NEJM199502233320804 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QH288 UT WOS:A1995QH28800004 PM 7830731 ER PT J AU STONE, JE GORENSEK, MJ DELTORO, J WONG, J GADIA, CA CRESANTA, JL GRIFFITHS, JP SELF, RG HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS AF STONE, JE GORENSEK, MJ DELTORO, J WONG, J GADIA, CA CRESANTA, JL GRIFFITHS, JP SELF, RG HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS TI ENCEPHALITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE - BROWARD AND PALM-BEACH COUNTIES, FLORIDA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 909, 915-916, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BROWARD CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP STONE, JE (reprint author), BROWARD GEN MED CTR,1600 S ANDREWS AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33316, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 22 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 8 BP 614 EP 614 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QG748 UT WOS:A1995QG74800009 ER PT J AU EGELAND, GM PERHAMHESTER, KA HOOK, EB AF EGELAND, GM PERHAMHESTER, KA HOOK, EB TI USE OF CAPTURE-RECAPTURE ANALYSES IN FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME SURVEILLANCE IN ALASKA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PREVALENCE ID UNITED-STATES AB Capture-recapture methods were used to estimate the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome among Alaska Natives born during the period 1982-1989. Potential cases were identified through an Indian Health Service (IHS) patient case file, a pediatric practice case file, and Medicaid claims from private physicians. A total of 74 Alaska Native children aged 3-10 years were identified with a notation of fetal alcohol syndrome by a physician in a medical record. Because not all of these cases had supporting documentation regarding the syndrome, they were classified as possible cases. Of these possible cases, 50 met all five criteria for chart verification of the syndrome: physician notation of fetal alcohol syndrome, growth deficiency, facial features of the syndrome, central nervous system impairment, and a maternal history of alcohol abuse. These data provided observed prevalence rates of chart-verified fetal alcohol syndrome of 3.1 per 1,000 live births for children born 1982-1985 (age 7-10 years), and 2.0 per 1,000 live births for children born 1986-1989 (age 3-6 years). Capture-recapture analyses were conducted using cases identified by IHS and private physicians. These analyses estimated a prevalence of the syndrome of 3.8 per 1,000 live births for children born 1982-1985, and 3.1 per 1,000 live births for children born 1986-1989. Based on the capture-recapture predicted number of cases, the IHS case file ascertained a greater percentage of cases among the older cohort (75%) than among the younger cohort (56%). These data illustrate the use of capture-recapture analyses in identifying the extent to which observed trends in rates may reflect differences in case ascertainment over time (or by birth cohort). The application of capture-recapture in fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance, however, requires careful attention to the underlying assumptions of capture-recapture methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ANCHORAGE,AK. COMP SCI CORP,DIV APPL TECHNOL,ANCHORAGE,AK. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 4 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QF832 UT WOS:A1995QF83200009 PM 7840111 ER PT J AU BROWN, LS DROTMAN, DP CHU, A BROWN, CL KNOWLAN, D AF BROWN, LS DROTMAN, DP CHU, A BROWN, CL KNOWLAN, D TI BLEEDING INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL - ESTIMATING THE RISK FOR HIV TRANSMISSION SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-MALE TRANSMISSION; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; INFECTION; FEMALE; TYPE-1 AB Objective: To determine the risk for bleeding injuries in professional football and to estimate the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through such injuries. Design: A prospective, observational study. Participants: Professional football players from 11 teams of the National Football League were observed during 155 regular season games from September through December 1992. Measurements: The frequencies of bleeding injuries were calculated in association with environmental and athletic factors. Using this information, HIV prevalence, and data on transmission of HIV in other circumstances, the risk for transmission of HIV during football games was estimated. Results: 575 bleeding injuries (average, 3.7 per game for each team) involving 538 players (average, 3.5 players on each team per game) were observed. Approximately 88% of the bleeding injuries were abrasions; the remainder were lacerations. Bleeding injuries were markedly more frequent during games played on artificial surfaces, during games played in domed stadiums, and on teams with a final win/loss percentage of 0.500 or lower. Using data on the prevalence of HIV among college men and rates of HIV transmission in the health care setting, the risk for HIV transmission to each player was' estimated to be less than 1 per 85 million game contacts. Conclusions: Although injuries occur in professional football competitions, bleeding injuries, especially lacerations, occur infrequently. We estimate that the risk for HIV transmission during such competition is extremely remote. The role of artificial playing surfaces on the incidence or severity of bleeding injuries should be investigated. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,HARLEM HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA. TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA. GEORGETOWN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROWN, LS (reprint author), ADDICT RES & TREATMENT CORP,22 CHAPEL ST,BROOKLYN,NY 11201, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 4 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF769 UT WOS:A1995QF76900005 ER PT J AU MAST, EE GOODMAN, RA BOND, WW FAVERO, MS DROTMAN, DP AF MAST, EE GOODMAN, RA BOND, WW FAVERO, MS DROTMAN, DP TI TRANSMISSION OF BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS DURING SPORTS - RISK AND PREVENTION SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION AB Publicity about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in athletes has focused attention on the potential for transmission of blood-borne pathogens during sports and athletic competitions. Existing information suggests that the potential risk for such transmission is extremely low and that the principal risks athletes have for acquiring HIV and hepatitis B virus are related to off-the-field activities. Therefore, efforts to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens among athletes should emphasize prevention in off-the-field settings. We summarize technical and other information about this issue, and provide recommendations for the education of sports participants, for infection control in athletic settings, and for training of coaches and officials. RP MAST, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP G37,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 4 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF769 UT WOS:A1995QF76900008 PM 7825765 ER PT J AU FONTHAM, ETH CORREA, P CHEN, VW REYNOLDS, P WUWILLIAMS, A BUFFLER, PA ALTERMAN, T GREENBERG, RS BOYD, P AUSTIN, DF LIFF, J AF FONTHAM, ETH CORREA, P CHEN, VW REYNOLDS, P WUWILLIAMS, A BUFFLER, PA ALTERMAN, T GREENBERG, RS BOYD, P AUSTIN, DF LIFF, J TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE AND LUNG-CANCER IN NONSMOKING WOMEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,EMERYVILLE,CA. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,EMERYVILLE,CA. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. RP FONTHAM, ETH (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 7 BP 520 EP 520 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF686 UT WOS:A1995QF68600005 ER PT J AU HARGROVEROBERSON, D JACKSONTHOMPSON, J BOESELAGER, G CAPWELL, E HANN, N LANE, M DIAMOND, R HOLM, K AF HARGROVEROBERSON, D JACKSONTHOMPSON, J BOESELAGER, G CAPWELL, E HANN, N LANE, M DIAMOND, R HOLM, K TI ATTITUDES TOWARD SMOKING POLICIES IN 8 STATES - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 786-789, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HARGROVEROBERSON, D (reprint author), NCI,SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 7 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF686 UT WOS:A1995QF68600019 ER PT J AU PERROTTA, DM NICKEY, LN RAID, M CARACCIO, T MOFENSON, HC WATERS, C MORSE, D OSORIO, AM HOSHIKO, S RUTHERFORD, GW AF PERROTTA, DM NICKEY, LN RAID, M CARACCIO, T MOFENSON, HC WATERS, C MORSE, D OSORIO, AM HOSHIKO, S RUTHERFORD, GW TI JIMSON WEED POISONING - TEXAS, NEW-YORK, AND CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 41-44, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 EL PASO CITY CTY HLTH & ENVIRONM DIST,EL PASO,TX. WINTHROP UNIV HOSP,LONG ISL REG POISON CONTROL CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,INJURY CONTROL PROGRAM,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP PERROTTA, DM (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 7 BP 532 EP 533 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF686 UT WOS:A1995QF68600020 ER PT J AU HUNTER, RL KIDD, MR OLSEN, MR PATTERSON, PS LAL, AA AF HUNTER, RL KIDD, MR OLSEN, MR PATTERSON, PS LAL, AA TI INDUCTION OF LONG-LASTING IMMUNITY TO PLASMODIUM-YOELII MALARIA WITH WHOLE BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS AND COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONIONIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY ISOTYPE; T-CELLS; MICE; PROTECTION; FALCIPARUM; VACCINATION; FORMULATION; MODULATION AB We previously reported that protection of mice from nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria by immunization with whole killed blood-stage parasites was dependent on the adjuvant and that adjuvants influenced both the specificity and isotype of Ab. Additional studies with the most effective formulations were undertaken to better define the protective responses and 100% protection from lethal P. yoelii malaria was produced by three immunizations with Ag in copolymer P1004 and detoxified RaLPS as adjuvants and 83% protection was induced by a single immunization. The protection lasted for 9 mo and was associated with an anamnestic rise in Ab titer of the IgG2a isotype during the challenge infection. Passive immunization with Ab from animals that had been immunized and challenged transferred sterile immunity. Splenectomy reduced, but did not abolish, protection. These data suggest that the effective Ab is directed against labile epitopes on the surface of blood-stage parasites. The vaccines primed animals for production of such Ab, but its synthesis was efficiently induced only by challenge with live organisms. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HUNTER, RL (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,763 WMB,1639 PIERCE DR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 154 IS 4 BP 1762 EP 1769 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA QG208 UT WOS:A1995QG20800025 PM 7836760 ER PT J AU RONALD, MG BLANCK, R HIATT, J HYAMS, KC KANG, H MATHER, S MURPHY, F ROSWELL, R THACKER, SB AF RONALD, MG BLANCK, R HIATT, J HYAMS, KC KANG, H MATHER, S MURPHY, F ROSWELL, R THACKER, SB TI UNEXPLAINED ILLNESSES AMONG DESERT-STORM VETERANS - A SEARCH FOR CAUSES, TREATMENT, AND COOPERATION SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; SYMPTOMS; SUPPORT; DISEASE AB Between August 1990 and March 1991, the United States deployed 697 000 troops to the Persian Gulf to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation. Since the Gulf War, most veterans seeking medical care at Departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense medical facilities have had diagnosable conditions, but the symptoms of several thousand veterans have not been readily explained. The most commonly reported, unexplained complaints have been chronic fatigue, rash, headache, arthralgias/myalgias, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, and irritability. These symptoms have not been localized to any one organ system, and there has been no consistent physical sign or laboratory abnormality that indicates a single specific disease. Because of the unexplained illnesses being experienced by some Gulf War troops, a comprehensive clinical and research effort has been organized by the Departments of Veterans Affairs, Defense, and Health and Human Services to provide care for veterans and to evaluate their medical problems. To determine the causes and most effective treatments of illnesses among Gulf War veterans, a thorough understanding of all potential health risks associated with service in the Persian Gulf is necessary. These risks are reviewed in this article and include possible reactions to prophylactic drugs and vaccines, infectious diseases, and exposures to chemicals, radiation, and smoke from oil fires. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA. DEPT VET AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BIRMINGHAM,AL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP RONALD, MG (reprint author), PERSIAN GULF VET COORDINATING BOARD,TECHNOL WORLD,S BLDG,SUITE 450,800 K ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20575, USA. NR 33 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD FEB 13 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 3 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF095 UT WOS:A1995QF09500003 ER PT J AU GILES, WH ANDA, RF CASPER, ML ESCOBEDO, LG TAYLOR, HA AF GILES, WH ANDA, RF CASPER, ML ESCOBEDO, LG TAYLOR, HA TI RACE-DIFFERENCES AND SEX-DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF INVASIVE CARDIAC PROCEDURES IN US-HOSPITALS - DATA FROM THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL DISCHARGE SURVEY SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HEART-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; SURGERY; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; WOMEN; CASS AB Background: Lower rates of invasive cardiac procedures have been reported for blacks and women than for white men. However, few studies have adjusted for differences in the type of hospital of admission, insurance status, and disease severity. Setting, Design, and Participants: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to investigate race and sex differences in rates of cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass surgery among 10 348 persons hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. Results: White men consistently had the highest procedure rates, followed by white women, black men, and black women. After matching for the hospital of admission and adjusting for age, in-hospital mortality, health insurance, and hospital transfer rates (with white men as the referent), the odds ratios for cardiac catheterization were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.87) for black men, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.83) for white women, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.68) for black women. Similar race-sex differences were noted for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. Conclusions: Race and sex differentials in the rates of invasive cardiac procedures remained despite matching for the hospital of admission and controlling for other factors that influence procedure rates, suggesting that the race and sex of the patient influence the use of these procedures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOVASC DIS,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. NR 30 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD FEB 13 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.3.318 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF095 UT WOS:A1995QF09500011 PM 7832604 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ BASIKILA, P MALE, S LINDGREN, J ROBERTS, L ROBINSON, D STETTLER, N BLOLAND, P BURKHOLDER, B DOWELL, S LEVINE, O MOORE, J SHARP, D SWERDLOW, D VERGARA, A WOODRUFF, B ZINGESER, J LEGROS, D PAQUET, C WALDMAN, R BOELAERT, M VANSOEST, M BOUTIN, JP KREYSLER, J AF TOOLE, MJ BASIKILA, P MALE, S LINDGREN, J ROBERTS, L ROBINSON, D STETTLER, N BLOLAND, P BURKHOLDER, B DOWELL, S LEVINE, O MOORE, J SHARP, D SWERDLOW, D VERGARA, A WOODRUFF, B ZINGESER, J LEGROS, D PAQUET, C WALDMAN, R BOELAERT, M VANSOEST, M BOUTIN, JP KREYSLER, J TI PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPACT OF RWANDAN REFUGEE CRISIS - WHAT HAPPENED IN GOMA, ZAIRE, IN JULY-1994 SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB The flight of 500 000-800 000 Rwandan refugees into the North Kivu region of Zaire in July, 1994, overwhelmed the world's response capacity. During the first month after the influx, almost 50 000 refugees died, an average crude mortality rate of 20-35 per 10 000 per day. This death rate was associated with explosive epidemics of diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. 3-4 weeks after the influx of refugees, acute malnutrition rates among children under 5 years old ranged between 18 and 23%. Children with a recent history of dysentery and those in households headed by women were at higher risk of malnutrition. A well-coordinated relief programme, based on rapidly acquired health data and effective interventions, was associated with a steep decline in death rates to 5 to 8 per 10 000 per day by the second month of the crisis. The prevention of high mortality due to diarrhoeal disease epidemics in displaced populations relies primarily on the prompt provision of adequate quantities of disinfected water, basic sanitation, community outreach, and effective case management of ill patients. In the emergency phase, effective, low-technology measures include bucket chlorination at untreated water sources, designated defaecation areas, active case-finding through community outreach, and oral rehydration. Relief agencies must place increased emphasis on training personnel in relevant skills to address major public health emergencies caused by population displacement. C1 ZAIRE MINIST HLTH,GOMA,ZAIRE. OFF UN HIGH COMMISSIONER REFUGEES,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. EPICENTRE,PARIS,FRANCE. US AGCY INT DEV,BASICS,WASHINGTON,DC. MED FRONTIERES,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. MED FRONTIERES,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. BIOFORCE,BREST,FRANCE. INT FED RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT SOC,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Boelaert, Marleen/E-2698-2012 OI Boelaert, Marleen/0000-0001-8051-6776 NR 15 TC 154 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 24 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 11 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8946 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QF722 UT WOS:A1995QF72200006 ER PT J AU HEWITT, A SOLET, D KIELY, M AF HEWITT, A SOLET, D KIELY, M TI INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF SNOWMOBILES - NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1989-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 1-3, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DEATHS C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,BUR VITAL RECORDS & HLTH STAT,CONCORD,NH. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,OFF CHRON DIS & HLTH DATA,CONCORD,NH. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP HEWITT, A (reprint author), STATE NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT FISH & GAME,CONCORD,NH 03301, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 6 BP 448 EP 449 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE498 UT WOS:A1995QE49800005 ER PT J AU MCBEAN, AM BABISH, JD AF MCBEAN, AM BABISH, JD TI RACE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN INFLUENZA VACCINATION LEVELS AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 24-27, 33, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ADULT VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,OFF RES & DEMONSTRAT,BALTIMORE,MD. RP MCBEAN, AM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 6 BP 449 EP 451 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE498 UT WOS:A1995QE49800006 ER PT J AU ARISTEGUIETA, C KOENDERS, I WINDHAM, D WARD, K GREGOS, E GOROSPE, L NGOSEIDEL, E WALKER, J HLADY, WG HAMMOND, R HOPKINS, RS SIMPSON, DM AF ARISTEGUIETA, C KOENDERS, I WINDHAM, D WARD, K GREGOS, E GOROSPE, L NGOSEIDEL, E WALKER, J HLADY, WG HAMMOND, R HOPKINS, RS SIMPSON, DM TI MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF OYSTERS - APALACHICOLA BAY, FLORIDA, DECEMBER 1994 JANUARY 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 37-39, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DIST HLTH OFF 1,TALLAHASSEE,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 2,TALLAHASSEE,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 3,OCALA,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 13,OCALA,FL. MSEH,DIST HLTH OFF 4,DAYTONA BEACH,FL. MSEH,DIST HLTH OFF 12,DAYTONA BEACH,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 5,TAMPA,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 6,TAMPA,FL. NASSAU CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,FERNANDINA BEACH,FL. DIST HLTH OFF 4,JACKSONVILLE,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP ARISTEGUIETA, C (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT FAMILY MED,MIAMI,FL 33152, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 6 BP 452 EP 452 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE498 UT WOS:A1995QE49800008 ER PT J AU KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA ANDO, T CURTIS, M WILSON, SA JIN, Q MONROE, SS BARON, RC MCFARLAND, LM GLASS, RI AF KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA ANDO, T CURTIS, M WILSON, SA JIN, Q MONROE, SS BARON, RC MCFARLAND, LM GLASS, RI TI AN OUTBREAK OF NORWALK VIRUS GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH EATING RAW OYSTERS - IMPLICATIONS FOR MAINTAINING SAFE OYSTER BEDS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATER-SYSTEM; CRUISE SHIP; CONSUMPTION; COMMUNITY; SPECIMENS; ILLNESS AB Objective.-To determine the characteristics and the cause of an outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters. Design.-Survey of groups of persons reporting illness to the health department after eating oysters; survey of convenience sample of oyster harvesters; and tracing of implicated oysters. Setting.-General community. Main Outcome Measures.-Relative risk for illness after oyster consumption, source bed of contaminated oysters, presence of antibodies to Norwalk virus in serum, presence of a Norwalk virus in stool by direct electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA sequences of RT-PCR products. Results.-Seventy (83%) of 84 persons who ate raw oysters became ill vs three (7%) of 43 people who did not eat raw oysters (relative risk, 11.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 34.2). Eleven (79%) of 14 serum pairs had at least a fourfold increase in antibody to Norwalk virus. All 12 stool samples tested were positive by electron microscopy and/or RT-PCR for Norwalk virus. The RT-PCR products from all seven stool samples tested had identical DNA sequences. Implicated oysters were harvested November 9 through 13, 1993, from a remote oyster bed. Crews from 22 (85%) of 26 oyster harvesting boats working in this area reported routine overboard disposal of sewage. One harvester with a high level of antibodies to Norwalk virus reported having gastroenteritis November 7 through 10 and overboard disposal of feces into the oyster bed. Conclusions.-This outbreak was caused by contamination of oysters in the oyster bed, probably by stool from one or more ill harvesters. Education of oyster harvesters and enforcement of regulations governing waste disposal by oyster harvesting boats might prevent similar outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MED STUDENT ELECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP KOHN, MA (reprint author), LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 60630,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70160, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 45 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 6 BP 466 EP 471 DI 10.1001/jama.273.6.466 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE498 UT WOS:A1995QE49800029 PM 7837364 ER PT J AU FLISSER, A SARTI, E SARTI, R SCHANTZ, PM VALENCIA, S AF FLISSER, A SARTI, E SARTI, R SCHANTZ, PM VALENCIA, S TI EFFECT OF PRAZIQUANTEL ON PROTOZOAN PARASITES SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 SECRETARIAT HLTH, DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NATL INST PEDIAT RES, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. RP FLISSER, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FAC MED, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 4 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8945 BP 316 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90303-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE731 UT WOS:A1995QE73100035 PM 7837873 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ CHEN, ATL CAUDILL, SP WETTERHALL, SF SEVER, LE AF SMITH, SJ CHEN, ATL CAUDILL, SP WETTERHALL, SF SEVER, LE TI RISK ASSESSMENTS OF LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID RADIATION; MORTALITY C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 3 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5198 BP 603 EP 604 DI 10.1126/science.7839131 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QE733 UT WOS:A1995QE73300006 PM 7839131 ER PT J AU PERSING, DH HERWALDT, BL GLASER, C LANE, RS THOMFORD, JW MATHIESEN, D KRAUSE, PJ PHILLIP, DF CONRAD, PA AF PERSING, DH HERWALDT, BL GLASER, C LANE, RS THOMFORD, JW MATHIESEN, D KRAUSE, PJ PHILLIP, DF CONRAD, PA TI INFECTION WITH A BABESIA-LIKE ORGANISM IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; THEILERIA-PARVA; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; LYME-DISEASE; ANTIBODY; PIROPLASMS; MICROTI; STATE; TICKS AB Background. Human babesiosis is a tick-transmitted zoonosis associated with two protozoa of the family Piroplasmorida: Babesia microti (in the United States) and B. divergens (in Europe). Recently, infection with an unusual babesia-like piroplasm (designated WA1) was described in a patient from Washington State. We studied four patients in California who were identified as being infected with a similar protozoal parasite. All four patients had undergone splenectomy, two because of trauma and two for other medical reasons. Two of the patients had complicated courses, and one died. Methods. Piroplasm-specific nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA was recovered from the blood of the four patients by amplification with the polymerase chain reaction. The genetic sequences were compared with those of other known piroplasm species. Indirect immunofluorescent-antibody testing of serum from the four patients and from other potentially exposed persons was performed with WA1 and babesia antigens. Results. Genetic sequence analysis showed that the organisms from all four patients were nearly identical. Phylogenic analysis showed that this strain is more closely related to a known canine pathogen (B. gibsoni) and to theileria species than to some members of the genus babesia. Serum from three of the patients was reactive to WA1 but not to B. microti antigen. Serologic testing showed WA1-antibody seroprevalence rates of 16 percent (8 of 51 persons at risk) and 3.5 percent (4 of 115) in two geographically distinct areas of northern California. Conclusions. A newly identified babesia-like organism causes infections in humans in the western United States. The clinical spectrum associated with infection with this protozoan ranges from asymptomatic infection or influenza-like illness to fulminant, fatal disease. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DIV EXPTL PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,ENTOMOL GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,FARMINGTON,CT. CALIF MED DETACHMENT,PREVENT MED SERV,FT ORD,CA. RP PERSING, DH (reprint author), MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV CLIN MICROBIOL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,ROCHESTER,MN 55905, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30548, AI32403]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR41497] NR 33 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 2 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 5 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1056/NEJM199502023320504 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD396 UT WOS:A1995QD39600004 PM 7816065 ER PT J AU YEH, HC TURNER, RS JONES, RK MUGGENBURG, BA LUNDGREN, DL SMITH, JP AF YEH, HC TURNER, RS JONES, RK MUGGENBURG, BA LUNDGREN, DL SMITH, JP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOLS PRODUCED DURING SURGICAL-PROCEDURES IN HOSPITALS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; PAPILLOMAVIRUS; LASER; TRANSMISSION; PHYSICIANS; INJURIES; SURGEONS; PLUME; AIDS AB In orthopedic surgical procedures, surgical power tools, such as electrocautery, bone saws, reamers, and drills, are commonly used. In laboratory experiements using these tools, it has been demonstrated that inhalable aerosols can be produced. In order to assess the potential exposure of health care workers to these aerosols during orthopedic surgery, it is necessary to characterize the aerosols. In this study, Marple personal cascade impactors (MPCI) and a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) were used to measure the size distribution of the aerosols, and filter samples were collected to estimate the aerosol mass concentration. A Chemstrip 9 analysis to measure hemoglobin was applied to samples collected at each stage of the MPCIs as well as QCM and filter samples. During ten surgical procedures, including total hip replacements, total knee replacements, a back vertebral fusion, and a hip reconstruction, aerosols were sampled. Aerosol mass concentrations and size distributions varied widely from procedure to procedure and from time to time. Analysis of samples from the MPCIs worn by the surgeons indicated that measurable amounts of aerosols containing hemoglobin-associated particles as indicated by the Chemstrip 9 response were detected for all surgical procedures studied. Comparison between knee operations, in which a tourniquet was applied to reduce or stop the blood flow at the surgical site, and hip replacement operations suggested that irrigation/suction, which was used in all surgical procedures, was one of a key contributor to producing blood-associated aerosols. QCM data indicated that the aerosol mass concentration was highest when the surgical site was opened with the use of a scalpel, electrocautery, and irrigation/suction. Area filter samples and MPCI samples from personnel other than surgeons occassionally showed trace amounts of hemoglobin-associated particles; this was probably due to splashing during the irrigation/suction procedure. Clean-up of the room after surgery did not appear to re-suspend any blood-associated aerosols. In summary, low concentrations of aerosol particles were produced during orthopedic surgical procedures. The concentration and size distribution of these particles depended on the procedure being performed. Some of these particles contained hemoglobin. However, the existing literature does not provide evidence that the blood-borne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus, have been transferred by inhaling aerosols. Further studies on the amount and viability of pathogens associated with these blood-associated aerosols are required to ascertain the significance of these measurements. C1 LOVELACE HLTH SYST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP YEH, HC (reprint author), INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST,POB 5890,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1080/02786829408959736 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QJ091 UT WOS:A1995QJ09100003 ER PT J AU KAGIMU, M MARUM, E SERWADDA, D AF KAGIMU, M MARUM, E SERWADDA, D TI PLANNING AND EVALUATING STRATEGIES FOR AIDS HEALTH-EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN UGANDA SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB In 1992 the Islamic Medical Association of Uganda designed an AIDS prevention project. A baseline survey was conducted to assess prevailing knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the Muslim communities in two districts. A low rate of incorrect beliefs about HIV transmission was found, although gaps in knowledge remain, particularly regarding vertical transmission and asymptomatic HIV infection. Less than 10% knew that condoms can protect against HIV transmission. Lack of knowledge was documented regarding the risk of HIV transmission associated with practices common in the Islamic community, such as polygamous marriages, circumcision, and ablution of the dead. The AIDS prevention project has incorporated specific messages and interventions as a result of these findings. C1 MAKERERE UNIV,DEPT MED,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MAKERERE UNIV,INST PUBL HLTH,KAMPALA,UGANDA. RP KAGIMU, M (reprint author), ISLAM MED ASSOC UGANDA,POB 2773,KAMPALA,UGANDA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU399 UT WOS:A1995QU39900002 PM 7772453 ER PT J AU STAYNER, L SMITH, R BAILER, J LUEBECK, EG MOOLGAVKAR, SH AF STAYNER, L SMITH, R BAILER, J LUEBECK, EG MOOLGAVKAR, SH TI MODELING EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF OCCUPATIONAL COHORTS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL STUDIES; CADMIUM HAZARDS ID CADMIUM PRODUCTION WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; REGRESSION-MODELS; EXPOSURE; TIME; RATIOS; WHITES; RATES AB Epidemiologic studies of occupational cohorts have played a major role in the quantitative assessment of risks associated with several carcinogenic hazards and are likely to play an increasingly important role in this area. Relatively little attention has been given in either the epidemiologic or the risk assessment literature to the development of appropriate methods for modeling epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). The purpose of this paper is to review currently available methods for modeling epidemiologic data for risk assessment. The focus of this paper is on methods for use with retrospective cohort mortality studies of occupational groups for estimating cancer risk, since these are the data most commonly used when epidemiologic information is used for QRA. Both empirical (e.g., Poisson regression and Cox proportionate hazards model) and biologic (e.g., two-stage models) models are considered. Analyses of a study of lung cancer among workers exposed to cadmium are used to illustrate these modeling methods. Based on this example it is demonstrated that the selection of a particular model may have a large influence on the resulting estimates of risk. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP STAYNER, L (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270202 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QK090 UT WOS:A1995QK09000001 PM 7755007 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K BROWN, D AF STEENLAND, K BROWN, D TI MORTALITY STUDY OF GOLD MINERS EXPOSED TO SILICA AND NONASBESTIFORM AMPHIBOLE MINERALS - AN UPDATE WITH 14 MORE YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SILICA; SILICOSIS; LUNG CANCER; ASBESTOS; GOLD MINERS ID SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS; GRANITE WORKERS; INSTITUTE AB We have updated a study of 3,328 gold miners who worked underground for at least 1 year between 1940-1965 in South Dakota, extending the follow-up from 1977 to 1990. The exposures of concern were silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals. The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.36, 115 observed) when the U.S. population was used as the referent group, increasing to 1.25 (95% CI 1.03-1.51) when the county was used as the referent, and to 1.27 (1.02-1.55) for person-time with more than 30 years potential latency. However, lung cancer mortality did not show a positive exposure-response trend with estimated cumulative dust exposure. Data on smoking habits suggested that the miners smoked slightly more than the U.S. population in a 1960 cross-sectional survey. In contrast to lung cancer, other diseases known to be associated with silica exposure (tuberculosis and silicosis) were significantly increased (SMR = 3.44 and 2.61) and exhibited clear exposure-response trends. Nonmalignant renal disease, also associated with silica exposure, was elevated for those hired in early years and showed a significant positive exposure-response trend. Multiple-cause analysis revealed significant excesses of arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases (including systemic lupus and sclerosis), and skin conditions (including scleroderma and lupus), diseases of autoimmune origin which have been associated with silica exposure in other studies. Multiple cause analysis also showed a significant excess of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45206, USA. NR 36 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 27 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270207 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QK090 UT WOS:A1995QK09000006 PM 7755012 ER PT J AU COGSWELL, ME SERDULA, MK HUNGERFORD, DW YIP, R AF COGSWELL, ME SERDULA, MK HUNGERFORD, DW YIP, R TI GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN AMONG AVERAGE-WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT WOMEN - WHAT IS EXCESSIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIRTH WEIGHT; WEIGHT GAIN; PREGNANCY; BODY MASS INDEX ID LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; MATERNAL WEIGHT; COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; GROWTH; ADVICE; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the association between increased gestational weight gain and birth weight outcomes for low-income women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 53,541 single, live infants delivered from 1990 to 1991 to white, black, and Hispanic women in eight states were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate risk of low and high (> 4500 gm) birth weight, adjusting for selected factors. RESULTS: The association between gestational weight gain and birth weight varied by prepregnancy body mass index. Risk for low birth weight decreased with increasing weight gain for average-weight women. There was no reduction in risk for low birth weight, however, beyond weight gains of 30 to 34 pounds for overweight women and 15 to 19 pounds for very-overweight women. Risk for high birth weight, however, increased with increasing weight gain in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Very-overweight women (body mass index > 29 kg/m(2)) may benefit from an upper guideline of 25 pounds of weight gain to help reduce risk for high birth weight. RP COGSWELL, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90598-7 PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QJ328 UT WOS:A1995QJ32800042 PM 7856711 ER PT J AU KENDRICK, JS ZAHNISER, SC MILLER, N SALAS, N STINE, J GARGIULLO, PM FLOYD, RL SPIERTO, FW SEXTON, M METZGER, RW STOCKBAUER, JW HANNON, WH DALMAT, ME AF KENDRICK, JS ZAHNISER, SC MILLER, N SALAS, N STINE, J GARGIULLO, PM FLOYD, RL SPIERTO, FW SEXTON, M METZGER, RW STOCKBAUER, JW HANNON, WH DALMAT, ME TI INTEGRATING SMOKING CESSATION INTO ROUTINE PUBLIC PRENATAL-CARE - THE SMOKING CESSATION IN PREGNANCY PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MATERNAL SMOKING; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ODDS RATIO; WOMEN; SMOKERS AB Objectives. In 1986, the state health departments of Colorado, Maryland, and Missouri conducted a federally-funded demonstration project to increase smoking cessation among pregnant women receiving prenatal care and services from the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in public clinics, Methods. Low-intensity interventions were designed to be integrated into routine prenatal care. Clinics were randomly assigned to intervention or control status; pregnant smokers filled out questionnaires and gave urine specimens at enrollment, in the eighth month of pregnancy, and postpartum. Urine cotinine concentrations were determined at CDC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were used to verify self-reported smoking status. Results. At the eighth month of pregnancy, self-reported quitting was higher for intervention clinics than control clinics in all three states. However, the cotinine verified quit rates were not significantly different. Conclusions. Biochemical verification of self-reported quitting is essential to the evaluation of smoking cessation interventions. Achieving changes in smoking behavior in pregnant women with low-intensity interventions is difficult. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,COLUMBIA,MO. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP KENDRICK, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP K-23,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.2.217 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH011 UT WOS:A1995QH01100014 PM 7856781 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK COATES, RJ BYERS, T SIMOES, E MOKDAD, AH SUBAR, AF AF SERDULA, MK COATES, RJ BYERS, T SIMOES, E MOKDAD, AH SUBAR, AF TI FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE AMONG ADULTS IN 16 STATES - RESULTS OF A BRIEF TELEPHONE SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID CONSUMPTION; DIET AB A brief food frequency questionnaire was used to assess daily fruit and vegetable consumption among 23 699 adults in 16 US states sampled in a random-digit dialing telephone survey. Men consumed fewer servings per day (3.3) than did women (3.7). Only 20% of the population consumed the recommended 5 or more daily servings. Intakes varied somewhat by state and were lower among the young and the less educated. Efforts are needed to improve fruit and vegetable consumption among all Americans, especially younger adults and those with lower levels of education. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP K26,DIV NUTR,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 19 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.2.236 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH011 UT WOS:A1995QH01100017 PM 7856784 ER PT J AU SIMOES, EJ BYERS, T COATES, RJ SERDULA, MK MOKDAD, AH HEATH, GW AF SIMOES, EJ BYERS, T COATES, RJ SERDULA, MK MOKDAD, AH HEATH, GW TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND DIETARY-FAT IN AMERICAN ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; NUTRIENT INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; EXERCISE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SURVEILLANCE; CONSUMPTION; VALIDITY AB Relations between leisure-time physical activity and dietary fat were examined in a population-based probability sample of 29 672 adults in the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Consumption of 13 high-fat food items and participation in physical activities were measured, and fat and activity scores were calculated. Dietary fat and physical activity were strongly and inversely associated. This association was independent of nine other demographic and behavioral risk factors. Etiologic researchers should consider that diet and physical activity can potentially confound each other, and creators of public health messages that target one behavior should consider including the other. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SIMOES, EJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP K26,DIV NUTR,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 43 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.2.240 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH011 UT WOS:A1995QH01100018 PM 7856785 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG AF SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG TI THE PERCEIVED NEEDS OF CHILD-CARE CENTER DIRECTORS IN PREVENTING INJURIES AND INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID ATLANTA C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT K63,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 266 EP 267 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.2.266 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH011 UT WOS:A1995QH01100024 PM 7856791 ER PT J AU SHINNICK, TM KING, CH QUINN, FD AF SHINNICK, TM KING, CH QUINN, FD TI MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, VIRULENCE, AND PATHOGENICITY OF MYCOBACTERIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; VIRULENCE FACTORS; INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL ID RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANCE; FOREIGN DNA; TUBERCULOSIS; EXPRESSION; LEPRAE; MACROPHAGES; GENES; MUTATIONS; ANTIGENS; CELLS AB The diseases resulting from infections with Mycobacterium species are important sources of morbidity and mortality throughout the world today, with particularly devastating effects in tropical and developing countries. Almost 2 billion people have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, and approximately 3 million people die each year from this disease. Tuberculosis also has re-emerged as an important public health problem in the United States, and this resurgence has been accompanied by an increased incidence of tuberculosis resistant to the standardly used antituberculosis drugs. Researchers' ability to investigate the molecular basis of the pathogenicity and drug resistance of the mycobacteria has been hampered by a lack of appropriate experimental tools. However, during the past 5 years, tremendous progress has been made in the development of the molecular biology of mycobacteria, and molecular tools are now available for detailed analysis of their genetics and for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their pathogenicity. The development of these tools is briefly reviewed, and the uses of the tools to investigate drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to identify mycobacterial virulence factors, and to explore intracellular survival strategies are described. RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, MAILSTOP G35, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0002-9629 EI 1538-2990 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 309 IS 2 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1097/00000441-199502000-00008 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD975 UT WOS:A1995QD97500008 PM 7847448 ER PT J AU KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ ROLLIN, PE ZAKI, S NICHOL, S SPIROPOULOU, C MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A KHAN, AS MAHY, BWJ WACHSMUTH, K BUTLER, JC AF KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ ROLLIN, PE ZAKI, S NICHOL, S SPIROPOULOU, C MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A KHAN, AS MAHY, BWJ WACHSMUTH, K BUTLER, JC TI IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW NORTH-AMERICAN HANTAVIRUS THAT CAUSES ACUTE PULMONARY-INSUFFICIENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; AMPLIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; PNEUMONIAE; INFECTION AB In May 1993, a pulmonary disease syndrome with novel clinical and epidemiologic features was identified in the southwestern United States. Healthy young adults developed a febrile prodrome followed by the rapid onset of often lethal acute respiratory distress. Although an infectious disease was suspected, intensive investigations initially failed to identify the causative agent. Multiple specialized microbiology laboratories at the National Center for Infectious Diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) applied classic serologic and culture methods as well as recently developed molecular biological techniques to samples collected from field investigations of the patients. Serologic tests detected the presence of an active immune response to a hantavirus. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNA extracted from human tissues used primers designed from sequences of known hantaviruses to demonstrate genomic sequences of a novel hantavirus. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of hantavirus antigens in the endothelium of lung tissues from patients and provided the final pathogenetic link to this group of viruses. These methods were concordantly positive in virtually all samples available from 18 patients with compatible clinical histories identified between January and July 1993. Test results of control subjects and searches for other agents in identified cases were negative. This newly recognized hantavirus causes a novel syndrome of acute pulmonary edema and shock; the pathogenesis is related to the presence of virus antigens in the pulmonary capillaries. The virus may be an important cause of severe and fatal disease presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome in otherwise healthy persons. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KSIAZEK, TG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QL877 UT WOS:A1995QL87700001 PM 7872437 ER PT J AU OLIVEIRA, DA HOLLOWAY, BP DURIGON, EL COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF OLIVEIRA, DA HOLLOWAY, BP DURIGON, EL COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND A LIQUID-PHASE, NONISOTOPIC HYBRIDIZATION FOR SPECIES-SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE DETECTION OF MALARIA INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DNA PROBE; DIAGNOSIS; BLOOD; SAMPLES; SPECIMENS; PRODUCT AB In the present study, we describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of malaria infection. The target region of the 18S ribosomal DNA is amplified by a PCR using an 18S rRNA, genus-specific, biotinylated (5') and an unlabeled primer (3') pair. The detection probes are digoxigenin-labeled DNA oligonucleotides derived from species-specific rRNA sequences. The amplified fragments are allowed to hybridize with the species-specific, digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes. The oligo/DNA complex is allowed to bind onto streptavidin-coated microtiter plates, followed by incubation with a peroxidase-streptavidin conjugate and a colorimetric-peroxidase substrate. The resulting test demonstrated specificity for the four human Plasmodium species, and was able to detect a level of parasitemia of at least 0.0001% in a laboratory-induced P. falciparum infection in monkeys, This liquid hybridization assay is sensitive, specific, simple, and reliable, with wide applicability in epidemiologic studies, accurate detection of mixed infections, detection of low-level parasitemia, and evaluation of chemotherapy and vaccine efficacy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [Y-02-AI-20004-01] NR 28 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QL877 UT WOS:A1995QL87700005 PM 7872440 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HH GILMAN, RH TOVAR, MA FLORES, E JO, R TSANG, VCW DIAZ, F TORRES, P MIRANDA, E NARANO, J HERRERA, G VERASTEGUI, M MADICO, G MONTENEGRO, T MATSUOKA, J GONZALES, AE GAVIDIA, C PILCHER, JB EVANS, C GUERRON, A BOERO, J KACENA, K HUFFMAN, L ALTAMIRANO, J MARTINEZ, M ALVARADO, M PORRAS, M ORRILLO, E ALBAN, G TRELLES, L ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L RIOSSAAVEDRA, N CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P ROCCA, U AF GARCIA, HH GILMAN, RH TOVAR, MA FLORES, E JO, R TSANG, VCW DIAZ, F TORRES, P MIRANDA, E NARANO, J HERRERA, G VERASTEGUI, M MADICO, G MONTENEGRO, T MATSUOKA, J GONZALES, AE GAVIDIA, C PILCHER, JB EVANS, C GUERRON, A BOERO, J KACENA, K HUFFMAN, L ALTAMIRANO, J MARTINEZ, M ALVARADO, M PORRAS, M ORRILLO, E ALBAN, G TRELLES, L ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L RIOSSAAVEDRA, N CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P ROCCA, U TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS - ANALYSIS OF 946 PERUVIAN NEUROLOGIC PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; EPILEPSY; VILLAGE; MEXICO AB In most developing countries, 10% of acute neurologic cases are patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC). Determining specific factors associated with contracting NCC will facilitate its diagnosis and prevention. We examined multiple socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, medical, and behavioral characteristics of 946 Peruvian neurologic patients for a correlation with NCC, which was diagnosed by the highly specific and sensitive electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) or immunoblot assay. Eighteen percent (172 of 932) of serum samples and 28% (101 of 362) of cerebrospinal fluid samples were EITB-positive. The proportion of EITB-positive persons was similar for all socioeconomic levels. Significant factors associated with NCC were: 1) being born outside Lima, 2) having raised pigs, 3) more than 20 years of age, 4) a history of seizures, and 5) a history of taeniasis. Of these factors, raising pigs is the only one that is amenable to intervention, via improvements in animal husbandry. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL CIENCIAS NEUROL,DEPT ENFERMEDADES TRANSMISIBLES,LIMA,PERU. AB PRISMA,LIMA,PERU. UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,LIMA,PERU. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. HOSP GUILLERMO ALMENARA,ALMENARA,SPAIN. RP GARCIA, HH (reprint author), UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,PARASITOL LAB,POB 5045,LIMA,PERU. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 NR 17 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QL877 UT WOS:A1995QL87700006 PM 7872441 ER PT J AU REITER, P AMADOR, MA ANDERSON, RA CLARK, GG AF REITER, P AMADOR, MA ANDERSON, RA CLARK, GG TI DISPERSAL OF AEDES-AEGYPTI IN AN URBAN AREA AFTER BLOOD-FEEDING AS DEMONSTRATED BY RUBIDIUM-MARKED EGGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Note ID OOCYTE MATURATION; HOST-SEEKING; INHIBITION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Strategies for the control of Aedes aegypti during urban outbreaks of dengue or yellow fever assume that this species has a maximum flight range of 50-100 meters. Because Ae. aegypti distributes its eggs among several oviposition sites, we postulated that dispersal is driven by the search for oviposition sites, so an ovipositing female may have to fly much further than 50-100 meters to lay all of her eggs. We developed a method for marking Ae. aegypti eggs with a rare alkali metal (rubidium) and showed that in an urban area, oviposition activity in a single gonotrophic cycle lasts several days and covers an area at least 840 meters in diameter (55.4 hectares). We suggest that current practice for the control of dengue and yellow fever transmission by focal treatments with insecticides 50-100 meters around presumed or confirmed cases is unlikely to be effective. Moreover, source reduction (the elimination of breeding sites) may enhance dissemination of virus-infected mosquitoes by reducing the number of available oviposition sites. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,FAC AGR & FOOD SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. RP REITER, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 25 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QL877 UT WOS:A1995QL87700014 PM 7872449 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, KA CANDAL, FJ SCOTT, NA ADES, EW AF ROBINSON, KA CANDAL, FJ SCOTT, NA ADES, EW TI SEEDING OF VASCULAR GRAFTS WITH AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO ANGIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Angiology CY OCT, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER COLL ANGIOL ID GROWTH AB Small-caliber vascular grafts (< 6 mm) for arterial bypass frequently fail owing either to acute thrombosis or long-term fibrosis. One strategy to enhance patency is the coverage (''seeding'') of luminal polymeric graft surfaces with endothelial cells (EC), which may in themselves be thromboresistant and antiproliferative, or which could be transfected with genes whose products are thrombolytic or growth-inhibitory. Advances in understanding of EC-biomaterial interaction have led to improvements in cell coverage and retention, but the sources of EC for such procedures have been limited to large vessels (autologous veins) and microvascular endothelium isolated from autologous adipose tissue. Before the practice of graft seeding can gain widespread clinical acceptance, the practical constraints of EC harvest, EC culture, and quick access to the seeded prosthesis for the surgical procedure must be overcome. Ideally, an EC line with a high proliferative capacity could be preestablished on the grafts, which could then be cryopreserved and made available as needed. The authors have seeded Dacron graft material with an immortalized human dermal microvascular EC line, HMEC-1. These cells were initially transfected with simian virus 40A large T antigen and have been passaged more than 100 times without signs of senescence. They also express von Willebrand factor, take up acetylated low density lipoproteins, and rapidly form tubes when cultured on matrigel. Confluent coverage of Dacron graft segments, either untreated or coated with gelatin, was achieved in two weeks. The cells formed a monolayer over topographically elevated regions or appeared to be > one layer thick in other areas. Cells were also shown to remain viable after freezing. These results suggest a potential practical method for enhancement of small-caliber vascular graft biocompatibility in humans. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ANDREAS GRUENTZIG CARDIOVASC CTR,DIV CARDIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 SN 0003-3197 J9 ANGIOLOGY JI Angiology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 46 IS 2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1177/000331979504600203 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QG051 UT WOS:A1995QG05100003 PM 7702194 ER PT J AU HILL, RH SCHURZ, HH DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA PHILEN, RM KILBOURNE, EM HEAD, SL BAILEY, SL DRISKELL, WJ BARR, JR NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH SCHURZ, HH DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA PHILEN, RM KILBOURNE, EM HEAD, SL BAILEY, SL DRISKELL, WJ BARR, JR NEEDHAM, LL TI POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIC AGENTS FOR TOXIC OIL SYNDROME - FATTY-ACID ESTERS OF 3-(N-PHENYLAMINO)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANILINE DERIVATIVES; GLYCOSYL-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; SCLERODERMA; SPAIN; 3-PHENYLAMINO-1,2-PROPANEDIOL; TRYPTOPHAN; MICE AB The etiologic agent(s) that was responsible for the 1981 toxic oil syndrome [TOS] epidemic in Spain has not been identified. Liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of oils associated with TOS. Analyses focused on measuring 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol [PAP], the 3-oleyl ester of PAP [MEPAP], and the 1,2-di-oleyl ester of PAP [DEPAP]. DEPAP and MEPAP were found more frequently and at higher concentrations in TOS case-associated oils than in control oils with odds ratios of 13.7 (95% CI 5.0-38) and 21.9 (95% 6.1-78), respectively. Other fatty acid esters of PAP are also likely to be present in the TOS case-associated oils. More significantly, DEPAP and MEPAP were found in aniline-denatured rapeseed oil refined at ITH, the oil refining company with the dearest link to TOS cases, yet these PAP esters were not detected in unrefined aniline-denatured samples of rapeseed oil delivered to ITH. These results show that the esters of PAP were products of the ITH refining process and were not formed spontaneously during storage. PAP esters were not detected in samples of other aniline-denatured rape seed oils that were refined elsewhere, and which were not associated with illness. These findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that one or more of the fatty acid esters of PAP were the etiologic agents for TOS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO,SUBDIRECC GEN FORMAC & DIFUS INVEST,DIRECC GEN ORDENNAC INVEST & FORMAC,E-28029 MADRID,SPAIN. RP HILL, RH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QD232 UT WOS:A1995QD23200018 PM 7710294 ER PT J AU KAPUR, V LI, LL HAMRICK, MR PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM TELENTI, A JACOBS, WR BANERJEE, A COLE, S YUEN, KY CLARRIDGE, JE KREISWIRTH, BN MUSSER, JM AF KAPUR, V LI, LL HAMRICK, MR PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM TELENTI, A JACOBS, WR BANERJEE, A COLE, S YUEN, KY CLARRIDGE, JE KREISWIRTH, BN MUSSER, JM TI RAPID MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES ASSIGNMENT AND UNAMBIGUOUS IDENTIFICATION OF MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS BY AUTOMATED DNA-SEQUENCING SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; NEW-YORK-CITY; STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE; REACTION AMPLIFICATION; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; STRAINS AB Objective.-To develop and demonstrate the utility of automated DNA sequencing strategies for rapid and unambiguous identification of Mycobacterium species and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Design and Specimens.-A 360-base pair segment of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kd heat shock protein was characterized from 91 isolates assigned to 24 Mycobacterium species by traditional biochemical techniques. Areas of seven genes recently shown to contain mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in M tuberculosis strains were also sequenced in a sample of 128 resistant organisms. Early positive BACTEC 460 cultures and acid-fast, bacterium-positive sputum specimens from patients with tuberculosis were also studied. Results.-Automated DNA sequencing identified species-specific polymorphism in the target segment of hsp65, successfully identified organisms to the species level in smear-positive sputum samples, and unambiguously characterized seven genes associated with antimicrobial resistance in M tuberculosis. Conclusions.-Rapid identification of M tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium species is possible by automated DNA sequencing of a portion of hsp65. The technique is also feasible for analysis of some smear-positive sputum specimens. Unambiguous characterization of target segments of genes harboring mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in M tuberculosis is possible from primary patient specimens. Taken together, the data demonstrate the feasibility of mycobacterial species identification and potential to identify mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in less than 48 hours. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,MOLEC PATHOBIOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. METHODIST HOSP,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV BERN,INST MED MIKROBIOL,BERN,SWITZERLAND. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,BRONX,NY 10467. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BRONX,NY 10467. INST PASTEUR,UNITE GENET MOLEC BACTERIENNE,PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV HONG KONG,QUEEN MARY HOSP COMPOUND,DEPT MICROBIOL,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LAB SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. PUBL HLTH RES INST CITY NEW YORK INC,CTR TB,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RI Yuen, Kwok Yung/C-4465-2009; Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-37004] NR 63 TC 147 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 119 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QF540 UT WOS:A1995QF54000007 PM 7848059 ER PT J AU SWITZER, WM HENEINE, W AF SWITZER, WM HENEINE, W TI RAPID SCREENING OF OPEN READING FRAMES BY PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS WITH AN IN-VITRO TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION ASSAY SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENE; NEF AB The analysis of open reading frames (ORFs) to predict full-length or truncated proteins in genes is conventionally achieved by DNA sequencing. This method becomes labor-intensive when a large number of specimens or when large genes are to be examined. To circumvent this problem, we used an in vitro transcription and translation (TT) assay to identify full-length or truncated proteins in PCR-amplified genes. A total of 47 nef genes from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were cloned from 13 SIV-infected monkeys and were screened for ORFs by using the TT assay. Of these 47 genes, 20 had an intact ORF and 27 had premature stop codons at variable positions in the nef gene. All 20 nef genes with intact ORFs produced full-length proteins, while truncated proteins of different sizes were synthesized from all 27 nef genes with premature stop codons. In addition, we validated a simplified TT protocol that allows the direct screening of ORFs from transformed bacterial colonies, thus eliminating the need for plasmid preparations. By being rapid simple and cost-effective, this technique should be widely applicable to examine the integrity of the ORF of any gene. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD FEB PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QF438 UT WOS:A1995QF43800017 PM 7727125 ER PT J AU BIAGINI, RE TOLOS, W SANDERSON, WT HENNINGSEN, GM MACKENZIE, B AF BIAGINI, RE TOLOS, W SANDERSON, WT HENNINGSEN, GM MACKENZIE, B TI URINARY BIOMONITORING FOR ALACHLOR EXPOSURE IN COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS BY IMMUNOASSAY SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,HAZARDS EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BIAGINI, RE (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH,IMMUNOCHEM RES SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 54 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PX305 UT WOS:A1995PX30500011 PM 7742633 ER PT J AU UTT, EA BROUSAL, JP KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC QUINN, FD AF UTT, EA BROUSAL, JP KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC QUINN, FD TI THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL GENE-EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES USING MESSENGER-RNA-BASED ISOTHERMAL SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; HEMOLYSIN; GENE EXPRESSION; ISOGENIC ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES VIRULENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DETERMINANT; MUTATIONS; HEMOLYSIN AB We describe a method for isolating and determining differences in gene expression between related bacterial strains. The method is based upon differences in mRNA expression. To demonstrate this procedure, cDNA generated from total RNA of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a was hybridized to total RNA from a Tn916 mutant of serogroup 1/2a (M3) that was deficient in the production of listeriolysin O, the product of the hly gene. The single-stranded cDNA fragments remaining after hybridization represent the difference in expressed genes between the two strains. These subtraction products were used as hybridization probes to identify the corresponding hly gene in a Southern hybridization. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA QM346 UT WOS:A1995QM34600006 PM 7720012 ER PT J AU DUMAS, S HORSMAN, G JEANES, CWL KEYSTONE, JS LADOUCEUR, S MACLEAN, JD MACPHERSON, DW SAGINUR, R SCHEIFELE, D WILSON, R DAVIS, M GADD, E LOBEL, H MOHANNA, S TEPPER, ML TIPPLE, M AF DUMAS, S HORSMAN, G JEANES, CWL KEYSTONE, JS LADOUCEUR, S MACLEAN, JD MACPHERSON, DW SAGINUR, R SCHEIFELE, D WILSON, R DAVIS, M GADD, E LOBEL, H MOHANNA, S TEPPER, ML TIPPLE, M TI STATEMENT ON TRAVELERS AND HIV AIDS SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA ON K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 152 IS 3 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QE866 UT WOS:A1995QE86600028 ER PT J AU MULINARE, J AF MULINARE, J TI PUBLIC-HEALTH PERSPECTIVES ON FOLIC-ACID AND NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION RP MULINARE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,PREVENT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QK533 UT WOS:A1995QK53300006 ER PT J AU MARFIN, AA SPORRER, J MOORE, PS SIEFKIN, AD AF MARFIN, AA SPORRER, J MOORE, PS SIEFKIN, AD TI RISK-FACTORS FOR ADVERSE OUTCOME IN PERSONS WITH PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; LOGISTIC REGRESSION; MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ELDERLY PATIENTS; SEPSIS SYNDROME; MORTALITY; BACTEREMIA; INFECTION; FAILURE AB Objective: To identify risk factors for death and respiratory failure in persons with penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia from data available at initial clinical evaluation, Design: Retrospective chart review of persons with pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia. Setting: Tertiary care medical center (University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento). Patients: One hundred two consecutive adults admitted to the hospital for treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia with bacteremia Results: Of 102 persons, 25 (25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17 to 34%) died and 17 (16%; 95% CI, 10 to 25%) survived mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. In univariate analyses, persons with preexisting lung disease (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95%; CI, 1.3 to 3.1), initial body temperature <38 degrees C (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6), or nosocomial infections (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.6) or who were greater than or equal to 48 years old (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.8) were at greater risk for adverse outcomes than persons without these risk factors. Of 25 persons without these risk factors, only one (4%; 95% CI, 0 to 20%) died, and the remaining 24 persons did not require intensive care. Using these risk factors in a multivariate logistic model, death or respiratory failure would have been predicted in 67% of persons and better outcome predicted in 83% of the persons. In multivariate analysis, nosocomial infection was the greatest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 17.3; 95% CI, 3.1 to 98). Conclusions: Risk factors identified at hospital admission can predict the outcome in persons with pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia. Identifying these factors may allow earlier use of intensive care or more aggressive treatment. Independent of age, nosocomially acquired infections were the greatest risk factor for death or respiratory failure. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV. KAISER PERMANENTE MED GRP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SACRAMENTO,CA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,COMMIS DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,SACRAMENTO,CA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD FEB PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1378/chest.107.2.457 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA QG122 UT WOS:A1995QG12200033 PM 7842778 ER PT J AU PLANKEY, M STEVENS, J PALESCH, Y RUST, P ONEIL, P WILLIAMSON, D AF PLANKEY, M STEVENS, J PALESCH, Y RUST, P ONEIL, P WILLIAMSON, D TI BMI MORTALITY RELATIONSHIP IN WHITE AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 91 IS 3 BP 930 EP 930 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QD434 UT WOS:A1995QD43400093 ER PT J AU EAKER, ED WENGER, N TANAKA, T FORD, E AF EAKER, ED WENGER, N TANAKA, T FORD, E TI INDICATORS OF HOSPITAL AND ONE-YEAR MORTALITY FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION (AMI) IN A PUBLIC INNER-CITY HOSPITAL SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 91 IS 3 BP 936 EP 936 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QD434 UT WOS:A1995QD43400134 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL TAO, LF VANPELT, W TSANG, VCW BRUCE, JI AF HERWALDT, BL TAO, LF VANPELT, W TSANG, VCW BRUCE, JI TI PERSISTENCE OF SCHISTOSOMA-HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION DESPITE MULTIPLE COURSES OF THERAPY WITH PRAZIQUANTEL SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUATEMALAN HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS; URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS; COAST PROVINCE; DRUG; PROTEINURIA; HEMATURIA; ANTIGENS; MANSONI; INVOLVEMENT; ANTIBODIES AB A 7-year-old boy, who had returned to the United States in June 1991 after a 3-year stay in Malawi, was evaluated in October 1991 because of hematuria. He was excreting Schistosoma haematobium eggs and was treated with praziquantel (PZQ; similar to 40 mg/kg). He may have spit up less than or equal to 30% of this dose, and a concomitant Giardia lamblia infection might have caused malabsorption of PZQ. Because of persistent excretion of viable eggs, he was retreated with PZQ in January and May 1992. Egg excretion was first quantified 2 months following his second course of PZQ; at that time it was 35 eggs per 10 mL of urine. He excreted viable eggs at least as late as October 1992, 5 months after his third PZQ course. Experimental administration of chemotherapy to hamsters infected with the S. haematobium strain demonstrated that it was susceptible to PZQ. Repeated courses of therapy with PZQ may be necessary to cure S. haematobium infection, and both parasite and host factors should be considered if infection persists. C1 UNIV LOWELL,CTR TROP DIS,LOWELL RES FDN,LOWELL,MA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,UNIV HLTH CTR,AMHERST,MA. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QG094 UT WOS:A1995QG09400016 PM 7742435 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA WOODRUFF, BA LAMBERT, SB TANT, MK WOERNLE, CH AF PEGUES, DA WOODRUFF, BA LAMBERT, SB TANT, MK WOERNLE, CH TI IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO INTRAMUSCULAR REVACCINATION AFTER PRIMARY INTRADERMAL VACCINATION AGAINST HEPATITIS-B SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGENICITY; VACCINES; EFFICACY; ROUTE AB We studied the immune response to (re)vaccination with three 1-mL doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine administered intramuscularly on days 0, 30, and 180 to 75 public safety workers (PSWs) who had not developed antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after three intradermal doses of hepatitis B vaccine; to 45 PSWs who had initially developed antibody but did not have detectable levels 11 months after intradermal vaccination; and to 16 hepatitis B-susceptible PSWs. Levels of anti-HBs were measured on days 14 and 210 after the first intramuscular dose. Overall, 46 (61%) of 75 PSWs in the initial-nonresponse group, 43 (96%) of 45 PSWs in the lost-response group, and 5 (31%) of 16 PSWs in the new-vaccinee group had anti-HBs titers of greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL on day 14. On day 210 (after three doses), the figures were 62 (89%) of 70 PSWs in the initial-nonresponse group, 43 (98%) of 44 PSWs in the lost-response group, and 15 (94%) of 16 PSWs in the new-vaccinee group. We conclude that persons who do not seroconvert after intradermal vaccination should receive three doses of hepatitis B vaccine by the intramuscular route. C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. TUSCALOOSA FIRE DEPT,TUSCALOOSA,AL. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QG094 UT WOS:A1995QG09400020 PM 7742439 ER PT J AU HOLMES, GP CHAPMAN, LE STEWART, JA STRAUS, SE HILLIARD, JK DAVENPORT, DS ADAMS, SR ANDERSON, DC BALK, M BRODERSON, JR BROWN, B BROWN, D BROWN, NA DILLEHAY, D ELSE, J FREEMAN, D FREIFELD, A HEBERLING, RL HERRMANN, K HILLIARD, J HOLMES, G HUERKAMP, M JAAX, J JOHNSON, D KALTER, SS KAUFMAN, A LAUGHLIN, C LEHNER, N LISELLA, FS LOPEZ, CE LOPEZ, C MAHY, B MCCLURE, HM MCKINNEY, RW MCVICAR, J MONATH, T MULLIGAN, D MURPHY, F NAHMIAS, AJ OXMAN, MN PELLETT, PE RICHARDSON, JH SILBERMAN, MS SOIKE, K SOUTHERS, JL WARREN, M WELLS, D WHITLEY, R AF HOLMES, GP CHAPMAN, LE STEWART, JA STRAUS, SE HILLIARD, JK DAVENPORT, DS ADAMS, SR ANDERSON, DC BALK, M BRODERSON, JR BROWN, B BROWN, D BROWN, NA DILLEHAY, D ELSE, J FREEMAN, D FREIFELD, A HEBERLING, RL HERRMANN, K HILLIARD, J HOLMES, G HUERKAMP, M JAAX, J JOHNSON, D KALTER, SS KAUFMAN, A LAUGHLIN, C LEHNER, N LISELLA, FS LOPEZ, CE LOPEZ, C MAHY, B MCCLURE, HM MCKINNEY, RW MCVICAR, J MONATH, T MULLIGAN, D MURPHY, F NAHMIAS, AJ OXMAN, MN PELLETT, PE RICHARDSON, JH SILBERMAN, MS SOIKE, K SOUTHERS, JL WARREN, M WELLS, D WHITLEY, R TI GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF B-VIRUS INFECTIONS IN EXPOSED PERSONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RECURRING GENITAL HERPES; DOT-IMMUNOBINDING ASSAY; ACYCLOVIR TREATMENT; SIMIAE INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; ORAL ACYCLOVIR; BREAST-MILK; ANTIBODIES AB Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus), enzootic among monkeys of the genus Macaca, causes minimal morbidity in its natural host, In contrast, human B-virus infection presents as rapidly ascending encephalomyelitis with a fatality rate of similar to 70%. This infection remains an uncommon result of macaque-related injuries, although the increase in the use of macaques for research on simian retrovirus infection and hepatitis has expanded the number of opportunities for human exposure. In response to this situation, Emery University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention jointly sponsored a B Virus Working Group to formulate a rational approach to the detection and management of human B-virus infection, The resulting guidelines are presented herein and are based upon information from published cases, unpublished cases managed by working-group members, knowledge of the behavior of herpes simplex virus, and-in the absence of hard data-the collective judgment of the group, Although consensus among the coauthors existed on the major points covered by these guidelines, opinions varied widely regarding specific recommendations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SCOTT & WHITE MEM HOSP & CLIN,DIV INFECT DIS,TEMPLE,TX. NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SW FDN BIOMED RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,KALAMAZOO CTR MED STUDIES,DEPT INFECT DIS,KALAMAZOO,MI. NR 81 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 421 EP 439 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QG094 UT WOS:A1995QG09400032 PM 7742451 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RL CRAIG, GR SMITH, MH GRIER, JW MCLEAN, RG AF KNIGHT, RL CRAIG, GR SMITH, MH GRIER, JW MCLEAN, RG TI GENETIC-VARIATION AND NESTING BALD EAGLES SO CONDOR LA English DT Note C1 COLORADO DIV WILDLIFE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP KNIGHT, RL (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1995 VL 97 IS 1 BP 282 EP 283 DI 10.2307/1369008 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA QK938 UT WOS:A1995QK93800031 ER PT J AU JANZ, NK HERMAN, WH BECKER, MP CHARRONPROCHOWNIK, D SHAYNA, VL LESNICK, TG JACOBER, SJ FACHNIE, JD KRUGER, DF SANFIELD, JA ROSENBLATT, SI LORENZ, RP AF JANZ, NK HERMAN, WH BECKER, MP CHARRONPROCHOWNIK, D SHAYNA, VL LESNICK, TG JACOBER, SJ FACHNIE, JD KRUGER, DF SANFIELD, JA ROSENBLATT, SI LORENZ, RP TI DIABETES AND PREGNANCY - FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEEKING PRE-CONCEPTION CARE SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS; MOTHERS; WOMEN; PRECONCEPTION; MELLITUS; PROGRAM; PREVENTION; PATIENT AB OBJECTIVE- To define sociodemographic characteristics, medical factors, knowledge, attitudes, and health-related behaviors that distinguish women with established diabetes who seek pre-conception care from those who seek care only after conception. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- A multicenter, case-control study of women with established diabetes making their first pre-conception visit (n = 57) or first prenatal visit without having received pre-conception care (n = 97). RESULTS- Pre-conception subjects were significantly more likely to be married (93 vs. 51%), living with their partners (93 vs. 60%), and employed (78 vs. 41%); to have higher levels of education (73% beyond high school vs. 41%) and income (86% > $20,000 vs. 60%); and to have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (93 vs. 81%). Pre-conception subjects with IDDM were more likely to have discussed preconception care with their health care providers (98 vs. 51%) and to have been encouraged to get it (77 vs. 43%). In the prenatal group, only 24% of pregnancies were planned. Pre-conception patients were more knowledgeable about diabetes, perceived greater benefits of pre-conception care, and received more instrumental support. CONCLUSIONS- Only about one-third of women with established diabetes receive pre-conception care. Interventions must address prevention of unintended pregnancy. Providers must regard every visit with a diabetic woman as a pre-conception visit. Contraception must be explicitly discussed, and pregnancies should be planned. In counseling, the benefits of pre-conception care should be stressed and the support oi families and friends should be elicited. C1 CATHERINE MCAULEY MED CTR, ANN ARBOR, MI USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, DETROIT, MI USA. HENRY FORD HOSP, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP, ROYAL OAK, MI 48072 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP JANZ, NK (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-89-0723] NR 40 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.2.157 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QE300 UT WOS:A1995QE30000001 PM 7729291 ER PT J AU JONES, RN SADER, HS ERWIN, ME ANDERSON, SC ALDRIDGE, KA ALLEN, S ANHALT, J APPELBAUM, P ARRINGTON, KL AYERS, L BAKER, C BEAVIS, K BERGER, J BERTHOLD, G BIRNBAUM, M BOYLE, J BRECHER, S BRECKENRIDGE, R BROWN, W BRUCKNER, D CARROLL, K CHAUDHARY, S CLEARY, T COCKERILL, F COYLE, M CRAWFORD, V DALTON, H DOERN, G EDBERG, S GELFAND, M GERLACH, EH GOODMAN, N GORZYNSKI, E GREEN, P GROSCHEL, D HANFF, P HANNA, B HARRELL, L HAUGEN, T HEAGREY, M HUMPHRIES, J ISENBERG, H JENKINS, S JONES, E JORGENSEN, J KAUFFMAN, C KEISER, J KOCKA, F KOMINOS, S LEVISON, M LOCKWOOD, W MANOS, J MARTIN, W MCLAUGHLIN, J METCHOCK, B MICKELSEN, P MOODY, J MORELLO, J MOSTOW, S MOTYL, M MURRAY, B MURRAY, PR NOLTE, F PARK, C PEZZLO, M PRICE, M PUSCSH, A REED, K REIMER, L RINALDI, M RISTUCCIA, A ROBINSON, A ROSATI, L SAUBOLLE, M SCHALHAB, J SCHULTZ, G SCHWALBE, R SEWELL, D SHALES, D SIERRA, M SINNOTT, J SLIFKIN, M SMITH, L SPIEGEL, C STANECK, J STEELEMOORE, L STEIN, G STEVENS, D STRATTON, C TAN, J THOMAS, J WAITES, K WEINSTEIN, M WELCH, W WIN, W WOODS, G WRIGHT, L YUNGBLUTH, M ZWADYK, P AF JONES, RN SADER, HS ERWIN, ME ANDERSON, SC ALDRIDGE, KA ALLEN, S ANHALT, J APPELBAUM, P ARRINGTON, KL AYERS, L BAKER, C BEAVIS, K BERGER, J BERTHOLD, G BIRNBAUM, M BOYLE, J BRECHER, S BRECKENRIDGE, R BROWN, W BRUCKNER, D CARROLL, K CHAUDHARY, S CLEARY, T COCKERILL, F COYLE, M CRAWFORD, V DALTON, H DOERN, G EDBERG, S GELFAND, M GERLACH, EH GOODMAN, N GORZYNSKI, E GREEN, P GROSCHEL, D HANFF, P HANNA, B HARRELL, L HAUGEN, T HEAGREY, M HUMPHRIES, J ISENBERG, H JENKINS, S JONES, E JORGENSEN, J KAUFFMAN, C KEISER, J KOCKA, F KOMINOS, S LEVISON, M LOCKWOOD, W MANOS, J MARTIN, W MCLAUGHLIN, J METCHOCK, B MICKELSEN, P MOODY, J MORELLO, J MOSTOW, S MOTYL, M MURRAY, B MURRAY, PR NOLTE, F PARK, C PEZZLO, M PRICE, M PUSCSH, A REED, K REIMER, L RINALDI, M RISTUCCIA, A ROBINSON, A ROSATI, L SAUBOLLE, M SCHALHAB, J SCHULTZ, G SCHWALBE, R SEWELL, D SHALES, D SIERRA, M SINNOTT, J SLIFKIN, M SMITH, L SPIEGEL, C STANECK, J STEELEMOORE, L STEIN, G STEVENS, D STRATTON, C TAN, J THOMAS, J WAITES, K WEINSTEIN, M WELCH, W WIN, W WOODS, G WRIGHT, L YUNGBLUTH, M ZWADYK, P TI EMERGING MULTIPLY RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES .1. PREVALENCE DATA FROM 97 MEDICAL-CENTER SURVEILLANCE STUDY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LACTAMASE-PRODUCING ENTEROCOCCI; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; FAECIUM D366; AMPICILLIN; FAECALIS; PENICILLIN; INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTICS AB To assess the evolving problem of therapeutic drug resistances among enterococci, we organized a comprehensive national (United States) surveillance trial using 99 recruited microbiology laboratories in 48 of the 49 contiguous stares or districts. AIL but two sites completed the protocol that generated information from nearly 2000 enterococci, usually isolated from blood cultures. All strains were speciated by the same method (API 20S) and were susceptibility tested by three methods (broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and Etest) against ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. Strains resistant to a glycopeptide or penicillin, or possessing high-level aminoglycoside resistance were referred to the monitor's laboratory for validation and additional susceptibility testing against other alternative antimicrobial agents. The most common species were Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. However, antimicrobial resistance occurred most often among the E. faecium isolates. Twenty-three percent of participant centers (22 sites) reported 87 vancomycin-resistant isolates, which accounts for 4.4% of the isolates evaluated. A recent audit (March 1994) of the laboratories not reporting vancomycin resistance during the study interval (October-December 1992) revealed that 61% of sites have now recognized these strains, a threefold increase in 12-15 months. Teicoplanin remained active against 28% (Van B phenotype) of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (10 E. faecalis, 13 E. faecium, and one Enterococcus spp.). Ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-positive strains were found only at one medical center (two strains, 0.2% of referred or validated strains); however, ampicillin-resistant strains represented 12% of all enterococcal, bur nearly 60% of E. faecium strains. Aminoglycoside resistance was: gentamicin 27% and streptomycin 36% of strains. The susceptibility to alternative drugs was: ciprofloxacin 25%, erythromycin 3%, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 22%, and spectinomycin 97%. All National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards tests and interpretive criteria performed well. Other drugs worthy of therapeutic consideration include chloramphenicol, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), novobiocin, trospectomycin or kanamycin as a co-drug, and some newer fluoroquinolones (sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin). Because of this rapidly evolving problem of drug-resistant invasive enterococcal infections, new alternative combination regimens require immediate consideration for structured clinical trials. C1 MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, HERSHEY, PA USA. OHIO STATE UNIV HOSP, COLUMBUS, OH USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA USA. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. ST BARNABAS HOSP, BRONX, NY USA. NEBRASKA METHODIST HOSP, OMAHA, NE USA. BROOKLYN HOSP CTR, BROOKLYN, NY USA. CABRINI MED CTR, MALVERN, VIC, AUSTRALIA. VET ADM MED CTR, BOSTON, MA USA. NICHOLS INST, LOMA LINDA, CA USA. WSU, CTR HLTH, DETROIT, MI USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV UTAH, MED CTR, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. ST JOHNS HOSP, LONDON, ENGLAND. JACKSON MEM HOSP, MIAMI, FL USA. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN, ROCHESTER, MN USA. HARBORVIEW MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA USA. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV MED COLL VIRGINIA, RICHMOND, VA USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, MED CTR, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR, NEW HAVEN, CT USA. ST FRANCIS REG MED CTR, WICHITA, KS USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, COLL MED, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, BUFFALO, NY USA. HITCHCOCK MED CTR, HANOVER, NH USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, HLTH SCI CTR, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, BOSTON, MA USA. BELLEVUE HOSP, NEW YORK, NY USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC 27706 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, IOWA CITY, IA USA. BOZEMAN DEACONESS HOSP, BOZEMAN, MT USA. UNIV MISSISSIPPI, MED CTR, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA. LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR, NEW HYDE PK, NY USA. ASSOCIATED PATHOL LABS, LAS VEGAS, NV USA. UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX USA. VET ADM MED CTR, ANN ARBOR, MI USA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. COOK CTY HOSP, CHICAGO, IL USA. PITTSBURGH MERCY HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. MED COLL PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA, CHARLESTON, SC USA. UNIV HOSP ALBUQUERQUE, ALBUQUERQUE, NM USA. GRADY MEM HOSP, ATLANTA, GA USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA USA. ST PAUL RAMSEY HOSP, ST PAUL, MN USA. UNIV CHICAGO HOSP, CHICAGO, IL USA. ROSE MED CTR, DENVER, CO USA. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, AUSTIN, TX USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, SEATTLE, WA USA. EMORY UNIV HOSP, ATLANTA, GA USA. FAIRFAX HOSP, FALLS CHURCH, VA USA. UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CA USA. ST LUKES EPISCOPAL HOSP, HOUSTON, TX USA. MAINE MED CTR, PORTLAND, ME USA. MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC, MARSHFIELD, WI USA. VET ADM MED CTR, SALT LAKE CITY, UT USA. AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX USA. THERAPEUT RES INST, SARASOTA, FL USA. HARTFORD HOSP, HARTFORD, CT USA. SONORA LAB SCI, MESA, AZ USA. GOOD SAMARITAN HOSP, PHOENIX, AZ USA. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR, FT SAM HOUSTON, TX USA. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP, LITTLE ROCK, AR USA. UNIV MARYLAND HOSP, BALTIMORE, MD USA. VET ADM MED CTR, PORTLAND, OR USA. VET ADM MED CTR, CLEVELAND, OH USA. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, BROOKLYN, NY USA. TAMPA GEN HOSP, TAMPA, FL USA. ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. ST MICHAELS HOSP, NEWARK, NJ USA. UNIV WISCONSIN HOSP, MADISON, WI USA. UNIV HOSP CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH USA. MED CTR DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI USA. VET ADM MED CTR, BOISE, ID USA. VANDERBILT UNIV SCH MED, NASHVILLE, TN USA. AKRON INFECT DIS, AKRON, OH USA. W VIRGINIA UNIV HOSP, MORGANTOWN, WV USA. UNIV ALABAMA HOSP & CLIN, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ USA. MED CTR HOSP VERMONT, BURLINGTON, VT USA. MED COLL PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. LATTER DAY ST HOSP, SALT LAKE CITY, UT USA. LAKESIDE VET ADM MED CTR, CHICAGO, IL USA. VET ADM MED CTR, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA. RP JONES, RN (reprint author), UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT PATHOL, DIV MED MICROBIOL, 5232 RCP, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. NR 42 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(94)00147-O PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QX796 UT WOS:A1995QX79600006 PM 7628198 ER PT J AU BACELLAR, F REGNERY, RL NUNCIO, MS FILIPE, AR AF BACELLAR, F REGNERY, RL NUNCIO, MS FILIPE, AR TI GENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF RICKETTSIAL ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM VARIOUS SPECIES OF TICKS IN PORTUGAL SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; ISRAEL; FRANCE AB Twelve rickettsial isolates, from Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma marginatus, were subjected to genotypic analysis. Amplification of specific DNA sequences, restriction endonuclease digestion of amplified DNA products, and gel electrophoresis were used to identify specific DNA fragment-banding patterns. Five patterns were resolved. Four were homologous with those of previously described rickettsial genotypes, R. conorii, R. slovaca, R. rhipicephali and R. massiliae. The fifth pattern differed by only a single altered restriction endonuclease cleavage site. For the first time in Portugal a widely distributed spectrum of spotted fever group rickettsia was found among potential vector species stressing the need to determine their potential for human and domestic animals infection. C1 INST NACL SAUDE,CTR ESTUDOS VECTORES & DOENCAS INFECCIOSAS,P-2965 AGUAS DE MOURA,PORTUGAL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NOVA LISBOA,ECOLA NACL SAUDE PUBL,P-1699 LISBON,PORTUGAL. OI Nuncio, Maria Sofia/0000-0001-5182-6150 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 114 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QK170 UT WOS:A1995QK17000017 PM 7867736 ER PT J AU CRUZ, ME CRUZ, I PREUX, PM SCHANTZ, P DUMAS, M AF CRUZ, ME CRUZ, I PREUX, PM SCHANTZ, P DUMAS, M TI HEADACHE AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN ECUADOR, SOUTH-AMERICA SO HEADACHE LA English DT Article DE MIGRAINE; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS ID CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; MIGRAINE; VILLAGE AB Intractable headaches have been described as the presenting complaint of many patients with T. solium neurocysticercosis. We conducted a house-to-house neuroepidemiological survey of 2,723 residents of an Andean community, known to be endemic for this infection. Migraine headaches were confirmed in 187 cases (68.7 per thousand), and tension headaches were diagnosed in 77 cases (28.3 per thousand). Fifty-seven migraine sufferers accepted computed tomography examination, and in 19 it revealed neurocysticercosis. In 11 out of 52 migraineurs who had their blood drawn, electron immunotransfer blot testing (EITB) was positive for anticysticercal antibodies. In a computer-generated random sample of this community, 109 headache free individuals were examined by CT, and 87 had EITB. Of the 109 subjects examined by CT, 14 were positive for cysticercosis. Of the 87 individuals tested by EITB, 7 were positive. A statistically significant difference between the symptom-free general population and the migraine patients was obtained for both CT (odds ratio 3.39, P<0.005) and EITB (odds ratio 3.07, P<0.05) diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis appears to be a significant risk factor for the presentation of migraine-type headaches in areas endemic for T. solium infection. C1 INST EPIDEMIOL & TROP NEUROL,LIMOGES,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CRUZ, ME (reprint author), ECUADOREAN ACAD NEUROSCI,RAMIREZ DAVALOS 136,SUITE 301,QUITO,ECUADOR. RI PREUX, Pierre-Marie/B-8393-2014 OI PREUX, Pierre-Marie/0000-0002-2171-2977 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC STUDY HEADACHE PI WOODBURY PA 875 KINGS HIGHWAY, STE 200, WOODBURY, NJ 08096 SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD FEB PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3502093.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA QL392 UT WOS:A1995QL39200007 PM 7737869 ER PT J AU BIRKNESS, KA SWISHER, BL WHITE, EH LONG, EG EWING, EP QUINN, FD AF BIRKNESS, KA SWISHER, BL WHITE, EH LONG, EG EWING, EP QUINN, FD TI A TISSUE-CULTURE BILAYER MODEL TO STUDY THE PASSAGE OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INVASION; GONORRHOEAE; ADHERENCE; PILI; EXPRESSION; ATTACHMENT; INFECTION AB A tissue culture bilayer system has been developed as a model to study the mechanisms of attachment and invasion involved in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis. The model incorporates epithelial and endothelial cell layers separated by a microporous membrane and makes it possible to observe and quantify the passage of bacteria through the multiple layers and to study the mechanisms by which they make this passage. This model is adaptable to a wide variety of microbial pathogens and can be modified by substituting any physiologically relevant eucaryotic cells for the component layers. The system's makeup of cells of human origin and its reproducibility give it advantages over animal and primary organ culture models, while the added complexity of multiple layers allowing cell-to-cell communication makes it a more realistic human tissue model than standard cell monolayers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,PATHOGENESIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 63 IS 2 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QC603 UT WOS:A1995QC60300005 PM 7822003 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI ENTEROBACTER PLASMIDS - MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY - REPLY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QG920 UT WOS:A1995QG92000002 ER PT J AU CORONADO, VG EDWARDS, JR CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP AF CORONADO, VG EDWARDS, JR CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP TI CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE AMONG NOSOCOMIAL PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INFECTIONS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; INVITRO ACTIVITY; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; NALIDIXIC-ACID; THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MECHANISMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine if an increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin occurred among nosocomial pathogens, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: We examined 1989-1992 ciprofloxacin susceptibility results from 8,517 P aeruginosa and 9,021 S aureus isolates associated with nonsocomial infections reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. RESULTS: For S aureus, 27.1% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin; of methicillin-resistant S aureus isolates, 80% also were resistant to ciprofloxacin. A logistic regression model found that ciprofloxacin resistance was more common among S aureus isolated from the urinary and respiratory tracts than from other sites of isolation, and among isolates that were methicillin resistant. After controlling for these factors, the model showed a 123% increase in the odds of ciprofloxacin resistance from 1989-1990 to 1991-1992. For P aeruginosa, 4.7% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance varied by site of infection and rose most dramatically for respiratory tract isolates from 2.0% in 1989-1990 to 5.3% in 1991-1992. CONCLUSION: Resistance to ciprofloxacin is more frequent among nosocomial S aureus than among P aeruginosa and is increasing rapidly among S aureus isolates and from selected sites among P aeruginosa isolates (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:71-75). RP CORONADO, VG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QG920 UT WOS:A1995QG92000008 PM 7759821 ER PT J AU BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK AF BRENNER, SA NOJI, EK TI TORNADO INJURIES RELATED TO HOUSING IN THE PLAINFIELD TORNADO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND AB Background. On 28 August 1990, a tornado in Will County, Illinois, caused 29 deaths and more than US $200 million in damage, Risk factors for impact-related morbidity and mortality were studied. Methods. A case-control study was conducted of 26 people hospitalized or killed, and 116 injured, randomly selected people who were in houses damaged by the tornado. To obtain information on study subjects, telephone interviews were conducted, and hospital records, coroners' reports, and American Red Cross records were abstracted. Structural details on houses were collected from tax assessor records. Results. Cases were more likely than controls to have been in multistorey houses than in single-storey houses (OR = 3.9; 95% Cl : 1.2-13.2). The risk associated with houses built after 1972 (OR = 7.9) and those built from 1962 to 1972 (OR = 2.2) was greater than for those built before 1962 (OR = 1.0; chi(2) for trend = 12.1; P < 0.01). Being in the basement when the tornado hit was protective (OR = 0.1; 95% Cl : 0.0-0.4). Conclusions: One-storey houses were safer than multistorey houses, and basements were safer than other rooms. The association of risk with the construction date of the house is a new finding and should be examined in further studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CDC,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1093/ije/24.1.144 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR855 UT WOS:A1995QR85500019 PM 7797336 ER PT J AU GERHART, K HEINZMAN, M JOHNSON, R COOK, M HOFFMAN, RE REINISCH, F OSORIO, AM RUTHERFORD, GW AF GERHART, K HEINZMAN, M JOHNSON, R COOK, M HOFFMAN, RE REINISCH, F OSORIO, AM RUTHERFORD, GW TI INJURIES AMONG CONSTRUCTION WORKERS DURING THE RAISING OF WOOD-FRAMED WALLS - COLORADO AND CALIFORNIA (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 883-885, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,ATLANTA,GA. RP GERHART, K (reprint author), CRAIG HOSP,ENGLEWOOD,CO 80110, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 5 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD203 UT WOS:A1995QD20300009 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A REEVES, MW WENGER, JD AF JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A REEVES, MW WENGER, JD TI SEROGROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL OUTBREAKS IN THE UNITED-STATES - AN EMERGING THREAT SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; DISEASE; EPIDEMIC; INFLUENZA; AGE; MYCOPLASMA; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; CANADA AB Objective.-Multiple outbreaks of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis have recently been reported from diverse areas of the United States. To better define the characteristics of this increasingly important problem, we reviewed data on all known serogroup C outbreaks in the United States from January 1980 through June 1993. Data Sources.-MEDLINE searches, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records, state health department officials, infectious disease experts, and the meningococcal vaccine manufacturer. Definition of an Outbreak.-Three or more cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease within a 3-month period, either among members of a community or persons attending a single school or other institution, for which those cases represented an attack rate of at least five per 100 000 population. Results.-Twenty-one outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease were identified; eight occurred since 1991. In 1992 and the first half of 1993, approximately 180 000 doses of vaccine were administered for outbreak control, compared with approximately 34 000 doses from 1980 to 1991. Approximately 50% of community-outbreak cases were between the ages of 5 and 24 years, compared with only 19% of sporadic serogroup C cases (P<.001). Subtyping of patient isolates indicates that outbreaks are clonal; however, at least five distinct but closely related strains have caused recent outbreaks. Conclusions.-Serogroup C outbreaks are occurring more frequently in the United States. The effectiveness of preventive measures depends on early recognition; therefore, physicians should promptly report all cases of suspected meningococcal disease, and the causative serogroup should be established for every case. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 40 TC 194 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 5 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1001/jama.273.5.383 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD203 UT WOS:A1995QD20300022 PM 7823383 ER PT J AU PATE, RR PRATT, M BLAIR, SN HASKELL, WL MACERA, CA BOUCHARD, C BUCHNER, D ETTINGER, W HEATH, GW KING, AC KRISKA, A LEON, AS MARCUS, BH MORRIS, J PAFFENBARGER, RS PATRICK, K POLLOCK, ML RIPPE, JM SALLIS, J WILMORE, JH AF PATE, RR PRATT, M BLAIR, SN HASKELL, WL MACERA, CA BOUCHARD, C BUCHNER, D ETTINGER, W HEATH, GW KING, AC KRISKA, A LEON, AS MARCUS, BH MORRIS, J PAFFENBARGER, RS PATRICK, K POLLOCK, ML RIPPE, JM SALLIS, J WILMORE, JH TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND PUBLIC-HEALTH - A RECOMMENDATION FROM THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION AND THE AMERICAN-COLLEGE-OF-SPORTS-MEDICINE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; LEISURE-TIME; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; EXERCISE BEHAVIOR; AEROBIC EXERCISE; FITNESS; MEN AB Objective.-To encourage increased participation in physical activity among Americans of all ages by issuing a public health recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed for health promotion and disease prevention. Participants.-A planning committee of five scientists was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine to organize a workshop. This committee selected 15 other workshop discussants on the basis of their research expertise in issues related to the health implications of physical activity. Several relevant professional or scientific organizations and federal agencies also were represented. Evidence.-The panel of experts reviewed the pertinent physiological, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence, including primary research articles and recent review articles. Consensus Process.-Major issues related to physical activity and health were outlined, and selected members of the expert panel drafted sections of the paper from this outline. A draft manuscript was prepared by the planning committee and circulated to the full panel in advance of the 2-day workshop. During the workshop, each section of the manuscript was reviewed by the expert panel, Primary attention was given to achieving group consensus concerning the recommended types and amounts of physical activity. A concise ''public health message'' was developed to express the recommendations of the panel, During the ensuing months, the consensus statement was further reviewed and revised and was formally endorsed by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Conclusion.-Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. COOPER INST AEROB RES,DALLAS,TX. UNIV LAVAL,PHYS ACT SCI LAB,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT HLTH SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98195. VET ADM MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98108. WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,WINSTON SALEM,NC. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT KINESIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. MIRIAM HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02906. LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH & POLICY,LONDON WC1,ENGLAND. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT HLTH RES & POLICY,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,GEN PREVENT MED RESIDENCY,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MED,GAINESVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL. TUFTS UNIV,CTR CLIN & LIFESTYLE RES,MEDFORD,MA 02155. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT KINESIOL & HLTH EDUC,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP PATE, RR (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. RI Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009; OI Kriska, Andrea/0000-0002-3522-0869 NR 83 TC 4151 Z9 4311 U1 54 U2 410 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 5 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1001/jama.273.5.402 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD203 UT WOS:A1995QD20300025 PM 7823386 ER PT J AU SCHULZ, KF CHALMERS, I HAYES, RJ ALTMAN, DG AF SCHULZ, KF CHALMERS, I HAYES, RJ ALTMAN, DG TI EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE OF BIAS - DIMENSIONS OF METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSOCIATED WITH ESTIMATES OF TREATMENT EFFECTS IN CONTROLLED TRIALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AFFECTS OUTCOMES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; THERAPY AB Objective.-To determine if inadequate approaches to randomized controlled trial design and execution are associated with evidence of bias in estimating treatment effects. Design.-An observational study in which we assessed the methodological quality of 250 controlled trials from 33 meta-analyses and then analyzed, using multiple logistic regression models, the associations between those assessments and estimated treatment effects. Data Sources.-Meta-analyses from the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database. Main Outcome Measures.-The associations between estimates of treatment effects and inadequate allocation concealment, exclusions after randomization, and lack of double-blinding. Results.-Compared with trials in which authors reported adequately concealed treatment allocation, trials in which concealment was either inadequate or unclear (did not report or incompletely reported a concealment approach) yielded larger estimates of treatment effects (P<.001). Odds ratios were exaggerated by 41% for inadequately concealed trials and by 30% for unclearly concealed trials (adjusted for other aspects of quality). Trials in which participants had been excluded after randomization did not yield larger estimates of effects, but that lack of association may be due to incomplete reporting. Trials that were not double-blind also yielded larger estimates of effects (P=.01), with odds ratios being exaggerated by 17%. Conclusions.-This study provides empirical evidence that inadequate methodological approaches in controlled trials, particularly those representing poor allocation concealment, are associated with bias. Readers of trial reports should be wary of these pitfalls, and investigators must improve their design, execution, and reporting of trials. C1 UK COCHRANE CTR,OXFORD,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,MED STAT LAB,LONDON WC2A 3PX,ENGLAND. RP SCHULZ, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892 NR 31 TC 3909 Z9 4043 U1 14 U2 102 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 5 BP 408 EP 412 DI 10.1001/jama.273.5.408 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QD203 UT WOS:A1995QD20300026 PM 7823387 ER PT J AU DEBORD, DG CHEEVER, KL BOOTHJONES, AD SWEARENGIN, TF SAVAGE, RE AF DEBORD, DG CHEEVER, KL BOOTHJONES, AD SWEARENGIN, TF SAVAGE, RE TI ALTERATIONS OF HISTONE PHOSPHORYLATION IN RAT SPLEEN-CELLS AFTER TREATMENT WITH THE AROMATIC AMINE, 4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARYLAMINE; MOCA ID MACROMOLECULAR ADDUCT FORMATION; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PHORBOL ESTERS; LYMPHOCYTES; LIVER; STIMULATION; CARCINOGEN; INDUCTION; MOCA AB Alterations of the phosphorylation pattern of histones by the carcinogen, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) were investigated using rodent spleen cells. Spleen cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with either 5, 10, 25, or 50 mu M MOCA or acetone vehicle controls for 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours. Cells were incubated with P-32-phosphoric acid, and histones from these cells were fractionated utilizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Marked stimulation of histone phosphorylation was observed with the 10 mu M MOCA treatment. A transient decrease in histone phosphorylation was observed at the 1 and 2 hour time points followed by a marked stimulation at 4 hours. RP DEBORD, DG (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PUBL HLTH SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0887-2082 J9 J BIOCHEM TOXICOL JI J. Biochem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QQ630 UT WOS:A1995QQ63000003 PM 7595928 ER PT J AU VINEIS, P SCHULTE, PA AF VINEIS, P SCHULTE, PA TI SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF GENETIC SCREENING OF WORKERS FOR CANCER RISK - THE CASE OF THE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE PHENOTYPE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLADDER-CANCER; ACETYLATOR PHENOTYPE; CARCINOGENESIS; POPULATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; LIVER AB Our expanding capacity to detect human genetic susceptibility to various chronic diseases presents us with the opportunity to screen asymptomatic people for purposes of employment, insurance or credit. It also brings with it the responsibility of deciding the ethical and social value of such applications. This paper addresses scientific and ethical issues involved in the use of genetic screening techniques which intend to identify individuals that have more than average susceptibility to develop cancer from workplace chemical exposures. The case in Feint is the genetic polymorphism for N-acetyltransferase activity and the risk of bladder cancer in workers exposed to carcinogenic arylamines. The acetyltransferase polymorphism is related to the metabolic activation and deactivation of carcinogenic arylamines. Any genetic screening test for cancer susceptibility must be based upon sound science. For example, it must be demonstrated that a specific metabolic phenotype is a risk factor for cancer and, further, that the available tests accurately classify the subjects as to the phenotype. If there is a poor correspondence between phenotype and genotype, or a large intra-individual variability in phenotype, misclassification may result. Also, bias, arising as a consequence of enzyme induction by specific substrates, must be ruled out. Genetic screening of workers for susceptibility to cancer seems to us an ethically unacceptable and premature, application of the science. The use of the N-acetyltransferase polymorphism as a marker for susceptibility illustrates these drawbacks: (1) discrimination between polymorphic phenotypes is generally straightforward, but misclassification, to some degree, cannot be avoided; (2) although the N-acetyltransferase phenotype is a useful predictor of susceptibility, evidence linking specific N-acetyltransferase polymorphisms with cancer risk is variable, depending on the exposure and population; (3) the decisional autonomy of workers is violated if the test is used as a screen for employment; (4) scientifically and ethically primary prevention is more defensible than genetic or other screening; (5) the potential for restriction of employment possibilities based on gender, race or ethnic group associated with this polymorphism is considerable, and needs evaluation. C1 NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,SCREENING & NOTIFICAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP VINEIS, P (reprint author), MAIN HOSP,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,VIA SANTENA 7,I-10126 TURIN,ITALY. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 48 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00131-9 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL245 UT WOS:A1995QL24500003 PM 7869065 ER PT J AU ZIEGLER, T HALL, H SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A GAMBLE, WC COX, NJ AF ZIEGLER, T HALL, H SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A GAMBLE, WC COX, NJ TI TYPE-SPECIFIC AND SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC DETECTION OF INFLUENZA-VIRUSES IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY RAPID CULTURE ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; A VIRUS; CELL-CULTURES; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; SUBUNITS AB A rapid culture assay which allows for the simultaneous typing and subtyping of currently circulating influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses in clinical specimens was developed, Pools of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against influenza A and B viruses and MAbs HA1-71 and HA2-76, obtained by immunizing mice with the denatured hemagglutinin subfragments HA1 and HA2 of influenza virus A/Victoria/3/75, were used for immunoperoxidase staining of antigens in infected MDCK cells, MAb HA1-71 reacted exclusively with influenza A viruses of the H3 subtype, while MAb HA2-76 reacted with subtypes H1, H3, H4, H6, H8, H9, H10, H11, and H12, as determined with 78 human, 4 swine, and 10 avian influenza virus reference strains subtyped by the hemagglutination inhibition test, To determine if the technique can be used as a rapid diagnostic test, 263 known influenza virus-positive frozen nasal or throat swabs were inoculated into MDCK cells, After an overnight incubation, the cells were fixed and viral antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase staining, Influenza A viruses of the H1 and H3 subtypes were detected in 31 and 113 specimens, respectively, The subtypes of 10 influenza A virus-positive specimens could not be determined because they contained too little virus, Influenza B viruses were detected in 84 specimens, and 25 specimens were negative, We conclude that this assay is a rapid, convenient, non-labor-intensive, and relatively inexpensive test for detecting, typing, and subtyping influenza viruses in clinical specimens, C1 UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,SF-20520 TURKU,FINLAND. CTR NACL MICROBIOL VIROL & IMMUNOL SANIT,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,E-28220 MADRID,SPAIN. RP ZIEGLER, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 318 EP 321 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC148 UT WOS:A1995QC14800012 PM 7714186 ER PT J AU MILLER, PH WIGGS, LS MILLER, JM AF MILLER, PH WIGGS, LS MILLER, JM TI EVALUATION OF API AN-IDENT AND RAPID ANA-II SYSTEMS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ACTINOMYCES SPECIES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA AB We compared the accuracy of the An-IDENT system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) and the RapID ANA II system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) with that of conventional biochemical tests for the identification of 85 strains of Actinomyces species; In our hands, the overall accuracy of the An-IDENT was 59% and that of the RapID ANA ZI was 24%, The error rate for the An-IDENT,vas 18% and that for the RapID ANA II was 38%, The results of this study suggest that although the An-IDENT was more accurate than the RapID ANA II (P < 0.005), neither system, in our hands, was able to identify Actinomyces species with an acceptable degree of accuracy, It is recommended that suspected Actinomyces isolates be identified by conventional testing, RP MILLER, PH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC148 UT WOS:A1995QC14800014 PM 7714187 ER PT J AU FACKLAM, R ELLIOTT, J PIGOTT, N FRANKLIN, AR AF FACKLAM, R ELLIOTT, J PIGOTT, N FRANKLIN, AR TI IDENTIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PORCINUS FROM HUMAN SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV AB Streptococcus porcinus is normally associated with infections in swine. Cultures of this streptococcal species are rarefy reported from human infections. In the past 10 years, we have identified 13 cultures of S. porcinus from human sources from persons living in the United States and Canada. Seven of the strains were identified in the past 15 months. Nine of the strains were of a single serogroup, provisionally called C1. In addition, nine of the strains were isolated from the genitourinary tract of reproductive-age female patients, some with delivery problems. S. porcinus strains could he identified by hemolytic, serologic, and physiologic characteristics. All strains were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, and other antimicrobial agents. Fifty-four percent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. These findings suggest that we may be seeing a change in the flora of the genitourinary tract of humans. Whether these isolates are significant pathogens is unknown at this time. RP FACKLAM, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC148 UT WOS:A1995QC14800025 PM 7714197 ER PT J AU KEHL, KSC CICIRELLO, H HAVENS, PL AF KEHL, KSC CICIRELLO, H HAVENS, PL TI COMPARISON OF 4 DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HUMAN FECAL SPECIMENS; STOOL SPECIMENS; WATERBORNE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSTIC METHODS; OOCYSTS; OUTBREAK; CONTAMINATION AB Newly available assays offer alternatives to conventional microscopic examination for Cryptosporidium spp. We compared two enzyme immunoassays, Prospect Cryptosporidium microtiter assay (Alexon, Inc., Mountain View, Calif,) and Color Vue Cryptosporidium assay (Seradyn, Indianapolis, Ind,), and a direct immunofluorescent assay, Merifluor Cryptosporidium kit (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio), with acid-fast Kinyoun-staining for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Examinations were performed on 129 stool specimens received from patients during a recent waterborne outbreak A specimen was considered positive when organisms could be identified visually by acid-fast and immunofluorescent stains or if organisms could be visualized by either acid-fast or immunofluorescent stain and detected by both enzyme immunoassays. The final number of positive specimens was 55. No single procedure detected all 55 positive specimens. Of these, ProSpect and Color Vue detected 52 (sensitivity, 94.5%), and the Kinyoun stain and Merifluor detected 53 (sensitivity, 96.4%). The final number of negative specimens was 74, One false-positive result was seen with both the Kinyoun stain and the ProSpect assay. The Color Vue and ProSpect assays required the most hands-on technologist time. The ProSpect assay and Merifluor kit were easiest to perform. The acid-fast stain was difficult to interpret. The Merifluor kit was easiest to read and was adaptable to both batch and single testing. Overall, the Kinyoun stain and the Merifluor test were preferable to both of the enzyme immunoassays because of the high reagent cost and hands-on time required for the enzyme immunoassays. The difficult interpretation of the Kinyoun stain smears made the Merifluor a more desirable test despite its higher cost. We conclude that all methods tested were equally sensitive and specific for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Ease of use, adaptability to batch testing, and cost are important criteria in determining the method of choice. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KEHL, KSC (reprint author), MED COLL WISCONSIN,CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,DEPT PATHOL,9000 W WISCONSIN AVE,MAIL STOP 701,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226, USA. NR 23 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC148 UT WOS:A1995QC14800031 PM 7536216 ER PT J AU LEWIS, D ANDO, T HUMPHREY, CD MONROE, SS GLASS, RI AF LEWIS, D ANDO, T HUMPHREY, CD MONROE, SS GLASS, RI TI USE OF SOLID-PHASE IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY FOR CLASSIFICATION OF NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES INTO 6 ANTIGENIC GROUPS FROM 10 OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; AGENT AB Norwalk-like viruses observed in fecal specimens from 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis investigated in the United States between 1987 and 1992 were analyzed by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. Outbreak virus strains were classified into six antigenic groups: the four types (UK1 to UK4) previously defined in the United Kingdom, Norwalk virus, and the Oklahoma agent that was newly defined in this study. The diversity of antigenic types demonstrated in these outbreaks was greater than previously recognized and will serve as a basis for characterization of these strains at the molecular level. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEWIS, D (reprint author), PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,BRIDLE PATH,YORK RD,LEEDS LS15 7TR,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC148 UT WOS:A1995QC14800050 PM 7714218 ER PT J AU NI, HL CHANG, GJJ XIE, H TRENT, DW BARRETT, ADT AF NI, HL CHANG, GJJ XIE, H TRENT, DW BARRETT, ADT TI MOLECULAR-BASIS OF ATTENUATION OF NEUROVIRULENCE OF WILD-TYPE JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS STRAIN SA14 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; GENOME RNA; VACCINE; FLAVIVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION; POLYPROTEIN; DOMAIN AB To identify the molecular determinants for attenuation of wild-type Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus strain SA14, the RNA genome of wild-type strain SA14 and its attenuated vaccine virus SA14-2-8 were reverse transcribed, amplified by PCR and sequenced. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of SA14-2-8 vaccine virus with virulent parent SA14 virus and with two other attenuated vaccine viruses derived from SA14 virus (SA14-14-2/PHK and SA14-14-2/PDK) revealed only seven amino acids in the virulent parent SA14 had been substituted in all, three attenuated vaccines. Four were in the envelope (E) protein (E-138, E-176, E-315 and E-439), one in non-structural protein 2B (NS2B-63), one in NS3 (NS3-105), and one in NS4B (NS4B-106). The substitutions at E-315 and E-439 arose due to correction of the SA14/CDC sequence published previously by Nitayaphan et al. (Virology 177, 541-552, 1990). The mutations in NS2B and NS3 are in functional domains of the trypsin-like serine protease. Attenuation of SA14 virus may therefore, in part, be due to alterations in viral protease activity, which could affect replication of the virus. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL F05,GALVESTON,TX 77555. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 31 TC 85 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 76 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-2-409 PN 2 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QG433 UT WOS:A1995QG43300018 PM 7844560 ER PT J AU ETTESTAD, PJ CAMPBELL, GL WELBEL, SF GENESE, CA SPITALNY, KC MARCHETTI, CM DENNIS, DT AF ETTESTAD, PJ CAMPBELL, GL WELBEL, SF GENESE, CA SPITALNY, KC MARCHETTI, CM DENNIS, DT TI BILIARY COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF UNSUBSTANTIATED LYME-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CEFTRIAXONE-INDUCED CHOLELITHIASIS; PSEUDOLITHIASIS; FIBROMYALGIA; ARTHRITIS; CHILDREN; THERAPY; SEROLOGY AB Treatment of unsubstantiated Lyme disease has led to serious complications in some cases. Two case-control studies, based on information in clinical records of patients discharged with a diagnosis of Lyme disease during 1990-1992, were conducted at a central New Jersey hospital. Twenty-five patients with biliary disease were identified, and 52 controls were selected from 1352 patients with suspected Lyme disease. Only 3% of 71 evaluatable subjects met the study criteria for disseminated Lyme disease. Patients with biliary disease were more likely than were antibiotic controls to have received ceftriaxone and more likely than ceftriaxone controls to have received a daily ceftriaxone dose greater than or equal to 40 mg/kg and to be less than or equal to 18 years old, Fourteen of 25 biliary case-patients underwent cholecystectomy; all had histopathologic evidence of cholecystitis and 12 had gallstones. Thus, treatment of unsubstantiated diagnoses of Lyme disease is associated with biliary complications. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATE NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. JERSEY SHORE MED CTR,NEPTUNE,NJ. NR 41 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 356 EP 361 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900013 PM 7844372 ER PT J AU TUTTLE, J RIES, AA CHIMHA, RM PERERA, CU BEAN, NH GRIFFIN, PM AF TUTTLE, J RIES, AA CHIMHA, RM PERERA, CU BEAN, NH GRIFFIN, PM TI ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1 IN ZAMBIA - MODES OF TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-BACILLUS DYSENTERY; CENTRAL-AMERICA AB To determine the modes of transmission of an epidemic caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) in Zambia, a case-control study was conducted. Case-patients were more likely to have recent contact with a person with dysentery (P = .03) and to have a family member with preceding dysentery (P = .01). Case households were more likely to share their latrine (P = .06). Stored drinking water was obtained by hand-dipping a cup into wide-mouthed vessels or by pouring from narrow-mouthed vessels; case households were more likely to obtain drinking water only by hand-dipping (P = .03). Case-patients were more likely to have eaten relish (a cooked meat or vegetable dish; P = .03) purchased from a vendor. Evidence from this study suggests that Sd1 was transmitted by person-to-person spread, by water stored in vessels that permitted hand-dipping, and by prepared foods sold by vendors. Preventive measures should be directed at these risk factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEACHING HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,LUSAKA,ZAMBIA. MINIST HLTH,LUSAKA,ZAMBIA. RP TUTTLE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900015 PM 7844374 ER PT J AU XIA, MS WHITTINGTON, WL HOLMES, KK PLUMMER, FA ROBERTS, MC AF XIA, MS WHITTINGTON, WL HOLMES, KK PLUMMER, FA ROBERTS, MC TI PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS FOR GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID AUXOTYPE SEROVAR CLASSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a technique for analyzing large DNA fragments. PFGE was compared to auxotyping and Por serovar (A/S) classification to determine its utility in the study of gonococcal infection, subtyping A/S classes, and clone identification. PFGE patterns were stable in vitro after 2 isolates were passaged 50 times, and those from sex partners were indistinguishable with both enzymes. Fourteen proline-requiring IA-6 isolates from Kenya produced 8 NheI and 7 XbaI patterns; these included 6 Tet M-carrying isolates, all producing the same NheI pattern. PFGE patterns of 14 arginine-, hypoxanthine-, and uracil-requiring IA-1,2 isolates, from the US Pacific Northwest and Hawaii in 1993, were less diverse with both enzymes. PFGE analysis represents a potentially useful addition to the current gonococcal classification system. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL SC38,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV NAIROBI,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-2413, AI-131448] NR 14 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900031 PM 7844389 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L TIPPLE, M KEANE, V MCCANCE, C CAMPBELL, CC AF SLUTSKER, L TIPPLE, M KEANE, V MCCANCE, C CAMPBELL, CC TI MALARIA IN EAST-AFRICAN REFUGEES RESETTLING TO THE UNITED-STATES - DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE RISK OF IMPORTED MALARIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SULFADOXINE; PROPHYLAXIS; TRAVELERS AB Resettlement to the United States of malaria-infected refugees can pose problems for both the refugees and their resettlement communities. To formulate malaria management strategies for East African refugees before resettlement to the United States, epidemiologic data were reviewed and malaria prevalence surveys were conducted among refugees awaiting resettlement in Mombasa, Kenya, and Khartoum, Sudan, in 1993. Overall, 279 Somali (Mombasa) and 127 Ethiopian (Khartoum) refugees were surveyed. Malaria contributed significantly to morbidity in Mombasa: 15% (43/279) of Somalis were parasitemic; 39 infections (91%) were due to Plasmodium falciparum. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was effective treatment. In Khartoum, only 0.8% (1/127) were parasitemic; recent fever or antimalarial use were uncommon. Presumptive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment before departure was recommended for all resettling refugees from Mombasa; in Khartoum, individual assessment of febrile illness was recommended. Prevention of malaria parasitemia by mass drug administration or individual therapy can minimize the burden of malarial illness to refugees and their resettlement communities. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INT ORG MIGRAT,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 489 EP 493 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900041 PM 7844398 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, PJ TELFORD, SR RYAN, R CONRAD, PA WILSON, M THOMFORD, JW SPIELMAN, A AF KRAUSE, PJ TELFORD, SR RYAN, R CONRAD, PA WILSON, M THOMFORD, JW SPIELMAN, A TI THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF A SEROLOGIC TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF BABESIA-MICROTI ANTIBODY - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP KRAUSE, PJ (reprint author), HARTFORD HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,80 SEYMOUR ST,POB 5037,HARTFORD,CT 06102, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900047 ER PT J AU SAMB, B WHITTLE, H AABY, P SECK, AMC BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L NGOM, PT ZELLER, H MICHAELSEN, KF SIMONDON, F AF SAMB, B WHITTLE, H AABY, P SECK, AMC BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L NGOM, PT ZELLER, H MICHAELSEN, KF SIMONDON, F TI NO EVIDENCE OF LONG-TERM IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AFTER HIGH-TITER EDMONSTRON-ZAGREB MEASLES VACCINATION IN SENEGAL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RURAL SENEGAL; MORTALITY; VACCINES; CHILDREN C1 STATENS SERUM INST,DANISH EPIDEMIOL SCI CTR,EPIDEMIOL RES UNIT,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S,DENMARK. UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,ORSTOM,DAKAR,SENEGAL. INST PASTEUR,DAKAR,SENEGAL. MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES DEPT,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 171 IS 2 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QF229 UT WOS:A1995QF22900048 PM 7844403 ER PT J AU HILLYER, CD DUNCAN, A LEDFORD, M BARRETT, TJ KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WINTON, EF AF HILLYER, CD DUNCAN, A LEDFORD, M BARRETT, TJ KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WINTON, EF TI CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME - DESCRIPTION OF A POTENTIAL ANIMAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROANGIOPATHIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; RHESUS MONKEYS; ANIMAL MODELS ID THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PLASMA VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; INTRAVENOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN; COAGULATION PARAMETERS; PATHOGENESIS; CANCER; ANTIBODIES; ADULTS AB Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an uncommon complication of chemotherapy that contributes to the morbidity of oncology and bone marrow transplant patients. The pathogenesis is not well understood and no established clinical animal model exists. We studied four rhesus monkeys (RM) that developed fatal HUS following high-dose chemotherapy. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (pre-Hct 40% and day 5-8 Her 31% (P<.05), increased BUN (168 mg/dl), creatinine (8.2 mg/dl), and lactate dehydrogenase (1458 IU/L) (mean day 5-8 measurements) were observed, Platelets counts decreased to 39+/-15 x 10(9)/l from a mean of 397+/-31 x 10(9)/L (P<.0001). VWF, AT(III), thrombin:anti-thrombin complex (T:AT) and prothrombin fragment F1.2 levels were not different from a control group (N=2). The data presented describe chemotherapy-induced HUS with typical clinical and laboratory features which may provide an animal model for the study of this important syndrome. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA TE228 UT WOS:A1995TE22800003 PM 8613975 ER PT J AU LIN, JC LIN, SC LUPPI, M TORELLI, G MAR, EC AF LIN, JC LIN, SC LUPPI, M TORELLI, G MAR, EC TI GEOGRAPHIC SEQUENCE VARIATION OF LATENT MEMBRANE-PROTEIN-1 GENE OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS IN HODGKINS LYMPHOMAS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; BIOPSY ID REED-STERNBERG CELLS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; FREQUENT DETECTION; BURKITTS-LYMPHOMA; DELETION MUTANT; STRAIN P3HR-1; BNLF-1 GENE; DISEASE; DNA AB To assess the role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), the polymorphism of this gene in EBV isolates from different geographic locations was analyzed. A 497 bp fragment spanning LMP1 gene exons 1 and 2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using a primer pair bracketing a Xhol restriction site. PCR products were subjected to Xhol digestion and to DNA sequencing analysis. Twenty-five HL biopsy specimens from the United States and five HL and four non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) biopsy specimens from Italy were examined. Eighty percent of LMP1-positive samples (12 of 15) from the United States maintained the Xhol restriction site and the remaining 20% partially lost the Xhol site. One of four EBV-positive HL and one of the three EBV-positive NHL specimens from Italy lost the restriction site. The other three EBV-positive HL DNAs were partially cut by Xhol. Direct DNA sequencing analysis revealed that those Italian samples not digested by Xhol were due to a G to C transversion at the first base of codon 18, resulting in the change of glycine to arginine. Those DNA samples partially cut by Xhol were due to a mixture of G/C at the same location. In contrast, those partially digested American HL DNAs had a mixture of GTT at the second base of codon 17. The sequence variation found in the Italian samples differs from that of Asian EBV strains, in which G to T transversion was detected at codon 17, resulting in the substitution of arginine by leucine. Among the 72% (18 of 25) EBV-positive American HL samples, 67% (12 of 18) were associated with type A virus, 17% (3 of 18) with type B, and 17% (3 of 18) with dual viral sequences. EBV DNA was detected in 80% (four of five) of Italian HL biopsy specimens, in which 50% (two of four) were associated with type A and 50% (two of four) with type B. Despite these sequence variations at the Xhol recognition site between EBV isolates of different geographic locations, no direct correlation with a specific genotype was observed. These results, to our knowledge, represent the first observation of a specific point mutation at codon 18 of LMP1 gene associated with a particular geographic location. It appears that the Xhol polymorphism may be a useful molecular marker for epidemiologic study, and the alteration in the LMP1 gene may have functional significance in the development of HL in certain geographic areas. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MODENA,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TUMOR VIROL LAB,MD-D10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Luppi, Mario/J-3668-2016 OI Luppi, Mario/0000-0002-0373-1154 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890450213 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA QK146 UT WOS:A1995QK14600012 PM 7775937 ER PT J AU FRUMKIN, H GERR, F HESSL, SM CULLEN, M SCHWARTZ, B MITCHELL, CS WEAVER, VM PRANSKY, G FRANK, AL BALMES, J LADOU, J BLANC, P CHRISTIANI, D KELSEY, KT KREISS, K ROSE, C FENNELLY, K NEWMAN, LS MITCHELL, FL ROTHSTEIN, M LINZ, DH FORRESTER, BG KEY, TJ BROADWELL, DK GOCHFELD, M MOHR, SN AF FRUMKIN, H GERR, F HESSL, SM CULLEN, M SCHWARTZ, B MITCHELL, CS WEAVER, VM PRANSKY, G FRANK, AL BALMES, J LADOU, J BLANC, P CHRISTIANI, D KELSEY, KT KREISS, K ROSE, C FENNELLY, K NEWMAN, LS MITCHELL, FL ROTHSTEIN, M LINZ, DH FORRESTER, BG KEY, TJ BROADWELL, DK GOCHFELD, M MOHR, SN TI ETHICS, OCCUPATIONAL-MEDICINE, AND ACOEM SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DENVER,CO. AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV HOUSTON,HOUSTON,TX 77004. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP FRUMKIN, H (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Kelsey, Karl/I-1252-2014; Mitchell, Clifford/K-3936-2015 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 127 EP 128 DI 10.1097/00043764-199502000-00006 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH775 UT WOS:A1995QH77500006 PM 7655953 ER PT J AU MURTHY, LI HALPERIN, WE AF MURTHY, LI HALPERIN, WE TI MEDICAL SCREENING AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING - A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE FOR PHYSICIANS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE; EXPOSURE AB The use of medical screening and biological monitoring has been substantial changes in the past two decades specifically in the provision of occupational medical services. For example, national surveys of workplaces conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) showed that the provision of off-site medical care to workers increased from 19.6% in 1972-1974 to 57.8% in 1981-1983, although the percent of workers receiving on-site services remained stable during the same period. After a recent survey in 1990-1991, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimated that 6.3% of US industries have a medical surveillance program at their individual establishment. We reviewed NIOSH documents, OSHA's Code of Federal Regulations, and texts on biological monitoring and medical screening for recommendations on medical surveillance of workers. This report summarizes the medical tests (including biologic monitoring) recommended or used by independent investigators and by the government for OSHA-regulated substances to provide guidance to physicians and occupational health professionals in accessing the pertinent literature; the utility of the recommendations is not evaluated. RP MURTHY, LI (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 37 IS 2 BP 170 EP 184 DI 10.1097/00043764-199502000-00016 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QH775 UT WOS:A1995QH77500012 PM 7655958 ER PT J AU BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS AF BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS TI POTENCY OF ENDOTOXIN FROM BICARBONATE DIALYSATE COMPARED WITH ENDOTOXINS FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Note DE ENDOTOXIN; CYTOKINE; HEMODIALYSIS; PYROGENIC REACTION; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY ID PYROGENIC REACTIONS; HEMODIALYSIS; INTERLEUKIN-1; BACTERIA AB Endotoxin is a potent activator of the complement system and other host immunoregulators, including the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6. In this study, the potency of an endotoxin from bicarbonate dialysate was compared with endotoxins from two enteric microorganisms, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. Endotoxin concentrations were standardized for the three endotoxins by use of the limulus amebocyte lysate turbidimetric assay. Endotoxin potency was assessed by the comparative plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 after an in vitro whole-blood challenge by each type of endotoxin. Blood collected from 10 hemodialysis patients was spiked with 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL of E. coli and Shigella endotoxin and with 1 and 10 ng/mL of bicarbonate dialysate endotoxin. After incubation, plasma was separated and frozen at -70 degrees C until assayed for cytokine concentrations. Dialysate endotoxin was found to be 10 to 100 times less potent than E. coli and Shigella endotoxins. It was concluded that there are significant differences in the potency of endotoxins from different strains of bacteria and that these differences should be noted when designing or evaluating studies on the clinical effects of endotoxins in hemodialysis settings. C1 DIALYSIS CLIN INC,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA. RP BLAND, LA (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,C-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1634 EP 1637 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA QH761 UT WOS:A1995QH76100015 PM 7756598 ER PT J AU HAYES, RJ SCHULZ, KF PLUMMER, FA AF HAYES, RJ SCHULZ, KF PLUMMER, FA TI THE COFACTOR EFFECT OF GENITAL ULCERS ON THE PER-EXPOSURE RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE HIV; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; COFACTORS; AFRICA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INFECTION; FEMALE; AIDS; MEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROSTITUTES; TYPE-1; SPREAD AB The goal was to estimate the cofactor effect of genital ulcer disease (GUD) on the risk of HIV transmission during a single heterosexual exposure. The relation between the risk ratio observed in an epidemiological study and the per-exposure cofactor effect was investigated. Given simple assumptions, we show that observed risk ratios are expected to be very much smaller than per-exposure cofactor effects and to decrease as the observation period increases. Data from longitudinal studies of female commercial sex workers and men in Nairobi were reanalysed. The data are consistent with GUD cofactor effects per sexual exposure of 10-50 for male to female transmission, and of 50-300 for female to male transmission. Although subject to wide margins of error, these estimates indicate that GUD may be responsible for a high proportion of heterosexually acquired HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa, supporting the potential role of STD control as an effective intervention strategy against HIV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. RP HAYES, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. OI Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892 NR 26 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-5304 J9 J TROP MED HYG JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QG823 UT WOS:A1995QG82300001 PM 7861474 ER PT J AU SCHWARZ, TF ZAKI, SR MORZUNOV, S PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF SCHWARZ, TF ZAKI, SR MORZUNOV, S PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI DETECTION AND SEQUENCE CONFIRMATION OF SIN-NOMBRE VIRUS-RNA IN PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED HUMAN TISSUES USING ONE-STEP RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SIN NOMBRE VIRUS; FORMALIN FIXATION; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDING; RNA, VIRUS; BASE SEQUENCE ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FIXED LIVER-TISSUE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DIFFERENT FIXATIVES; AMPLIFICATION; SECTIONS AB Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). SNV RNA can be detected in fresh or frozen autopsy tissue samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus antigens can be identified by immunohistochemistry. A method was developed for demonstration of SNV RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by RT-PCR. Virus genomes were detected in 8 of 12 (66.7%) fixed human tissue samples that were positive by immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR prior to tissue fixation. By comparison with nucleotide sequences determined previously in fresh or frozen tissues of the same patients, identical genomic sequences were obtained, proving the authenticity of the PCR products. The study demonstrates that detection of SNV RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue by RT-PCR is feasible. This method allows retrospective studies on the phylogenetic epidemiology of SNV in North America. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 1995 VL 51 IS 2-3 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00142-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QG926 UT WOS:A1995QG92600022 PM 7738155 ER PT J AU SWITZER, WM PIENIAZEK, D SWANSON, P SAMDAL, HH SORIANO, V KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB HENEINE, W AF SWITZER, WM PIENIAZEK, D SWANSON, P SAMDAL, HH SORIANO, V KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB HENEINE, W TI PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP AND GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION OF MULTIPLE HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II SUBTYPES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; ITALIAN DRUG-ABUSERS; HTLV-II; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; INDIANS; POPULATIONS; VARIANT AB The current env-based subtyping of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) identifies only two heterogenetic groups, HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. To better understand the genetic diversity and phylogeny of HTLV-II, we examined the most divergent genomic region of HTLV-II, the long terminal repeat, by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis. Long terminal repeat sequences were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR and digested with seven restriction endonucleases that differentiated HTLV-II into five HTLV-IIa (IIa0 to IIa4) and six HTLV-IIb (IIb0 to IIb5) restriction types, with HTLV-IIa0 and HTLV-IIb0 being prototypes for the MoT and NRA isolates, respectively. We examined 169 HTLV-II-infected samples, including 123 from blood donors and intravenous drug users (IDU) from the Americas, 16 from IDU from Europe, and 30 from Amerindians. Of the 169 samples, 109 (64.5%) were categorized as HTLV-IIa and 60 (35.5%) were categorized as HTLV-IIb. The predominant restriction types seen among the U.S. blood donors and U.S. IDU were IIa0 (68.7%) and IIb4 (10.4%). Four Spanish and seven Italian samples were IIb4, white five Norwegian samples were IIa2. Twelve Guaymi and all ten Seminole samples were single restriction types (IIb1 and IIb5, respectively), whereas the two Navajo and six Pueblo samples had a mixture of restriction types IIa0, IIa4, and IIb5. Of the HTLV-IIb restriction types observed in the U.S. non-Indians, 42.8% appear to have originated from the North Amerindian (IIb5), while 57.2% were similar to the European IIb4 restriction type. Sequences of 15 selected HTLV-II samples were determined and phylogenetically compared with 7 previously published HTLV-II LTR sequences. The derived topologies revealed three HTLV-IIa phylogroups (A-I to A-III) and four HTLV-IIb phylogroups (B-I to B-IV). Furthermore, the HTLV-IIa phylogroups appear to have evolved from the HTLV-IIb phylogroups. In the HTLV-IIa cluster, a Navajo (A-I) and a Brazilian (A-II) sequence formed separate phylogroups, while the remaining IIa sequences formed a single phylogroup (A-III). The four HTLV-IIb phylogroups were represented predominantly by a New York IDU (B-I), European IDU (B-II), North Amerindian and NRA (B-III), and Central Guaymi Indian (B-IV) scquence(s). Comparison of the phylogenetic data with the RFLP results revealed that results of the two methods correlated completely, demonstrating the ability of the RFLP method to predict the phylogroup of HTLV-II-infected samples accurately and quickly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ABBOTT LABS,DIV DIAGNOST,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT VIROL,OSLO,NORWAY. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTRINVEST CLIN,INFECT DIS SERV,MADRID,SPAIN. NR 58 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 69 IS 2 BP 621 EP 632 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA QB860 UT WOS:A1995QB86000001 PM 7815525 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, ED BOHM, RP COGSWELL, FB LANNERS, HN LOWRIE, RC POVINELLI, L PIESMAN, J PHILIPP, MT AF ROBERTS, ED BOHM, RP COGSWELL, FB LANNERS, HN LOWRIE, RC POVINELLI, L PIESMAN, J PHILIPP, MT TI CHRONIC LYME-DISEASE IN THE RHESUS-MONKEY SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE CHRONIC ARTHRITIS; NEUROBORRELIOSIS ID RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL-CELLS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ARTHRITIS; INFECTION; BANNWARTH; ANTIGENS; ORIGIN; TISSUE; MODEL; MICE AB BACKGROUND: We have previously reported the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of ''early'' Borrelia burgdorferi infection in rhesus monkeys (3). We have now evaluated these features during the chronic phase of Lyme disease in this animal model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical signs, and pathologic changes at the gross and microscopic levels, were investigated 6 months post-infection in several organ systems of five rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), which were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi by allowing infected Ixodes scapularis nymphal ticks to feed on them. A sixth animal was used as an uninfected control. Borrelia antigens recognized by serum antibody were identified longitudinally by Western blot analysis, and C1q-binding immune complexes were quantified. Localization of the spirochete in the tissues was achieved by immunohistochemistry and in vitro culture. The species of spirocheta cultured was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Chronic arthritis was observed in five out of five animals. The knee and elbow joints were the most consistently affected. Articular cartilage necrosis and/or degenerative arthropathy were the most severe joint structural changes, Synovial cell hyperplasia and a mononuclear/lymphocyte infiltrate were commonly seen. Nerve lesions were also observed, including nerve sheath fibrosis and focal demyelinization of the spinal cord. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in five out of five animals and could be correlated in the most severely affected monkey with the presence of higher levels of circulating immune complexes. Differences in disease severity did not correlate with differences in the antigens recognized on Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: B. burgdorferi infection in rhesus macaques mirrors several aspects of both the early and chronic phases of the disease in humans. This animal model will facilitate the study of the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis. C1 TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT PARASITOL,COVINGTON,LA 70433. TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT VET SCI,COVINGTON,LA 70433. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP ROBERTS, ED (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT PATHOL,18703 3 RIVERS RD,COVINGTON,LA 70433, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00164]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU606604-01-1] NR 43 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 72 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QG888 UT WOS:A1995QG88800003 PM 7853849 ER PT J AU HELMKAMP, JC AF HELMKAMP, JC TI SUICIDES IN THE MILITARY - 1980-1992 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Data abstracted from the Report of Casualty (DD 1300) is used to describe suicides of active duty personnel for the period 1980 through 1992. The Marine Corps had the fewest suicides (345), but the highest rate (13.65 per 100,000) compared to the other services: Army (1,205/12.38), Air Force (828/11.31), and the Navy (800/11.01). Personnel 17 to 24 years of age accounted for 48% of the suicides and had the highest age group-specific rate, 12.34. White males accounted for 79% of all suicides and had the highest rates across all age groups. Males had significantly higher rates than females in the Air Force, Army, and Navy. The risk of suicide among all active duty males was over two times that of all active duty females and about half that of males in the general population. Active duty females had a risk slightly lower than females in the total population. Enlisted personnel had rates two times higher than officers. Firearms were used in 61% of the male and 55% of the female suicides. RP HELMKAMP, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MS 180P,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 160 IS 2 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QW534 UT WOS:A1995QW53400003 PM 7783916 ER PT J AU HELMKAMP, JC AF HELMKAMP, JC TI HOMICIDE VICTIMS IN THE MILITARY - 1980-1992 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Data abstracted from the Report of Casualty (DD 1300) is used to describe active duty homicide victims for the period 1980 through 1992. The Marine Corps experienced the fewest homicides (186) but the highest rate (7.36 per 100,000) compared to the other services: Army (619/6.36), Navy (381/5.24), and Air Force (194/2.65). Those younger than 25 accounted for 57% of the homicides and had a higher rate than the older age groups, Blacks had a rate 2.1 times higher than whites, and the overall female-to-male rate ratio was 1.2. Firearms were used against 63% of male and 35% of female homicide victims. Twenty-eight percent of female victims were beaten or strangled and females were over 10 times more likely than males to be strangled. The risk for homicide among active duty males was less than for males in the general population. Conversely, active duty females were at an increased risk for homicide in comparison to both males in the military and females in the general population. RP HELMKAMP, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MS 180P,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 160 IS 2 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QW534 UT WOS:A1995QW53400004 PM 7783917 ER PT J AU JEWELL, SE YIP, R AF JEWELL, SE YIP, R TI INCREASING TRENDS IN PLURAL BIRTHS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANT-MORTALITY; INFERTILITY; TWINS AB Objective: To determine the nature and possible reasons for the increasing trend in plural births in the United States during the 1980s. Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of births in the United States for five racial and ethnic groups from 1980-1989, using the United States vital records natality files. Results: The rates of twin and triplet births rose 19 and 100%, respectively, during the 1980s. Approximately one-fourth of the observed increases can be attributed to rising maternal age. The increases in twin and triplet births occurred mainly among more educated and older white women. Conclusion: The association of high education status with rising rates of plural births, independent of maternal age, suggests that the observed increase is the result of increasing use of fertility-stimulating therapy among a subset of the childbearing population. RP JEWELL, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00354-G PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QC632 UT WOS:A1995QC63200013 PM 7824236 ER PT J AU HALPERIN, W KALOW, W SWEENEY, MH TANG, BK FINGERHUT, M TIMPKINS, B WILLE, K AF HALPERIN, W KALOW, W SWEENEY, MH TANG, BK FINGERHUT, M TIMPKINS, B WILLE, K TI INDUCTION OF P-450 IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO DIOXIN SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DIOXIN; CYTOCHROME P-450 ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; CYTOCHROME-P-450 SYSTEM; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; METABOLITE RATIOS; CAFFEINE; CYP1A2; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PARAXANTHINE; THEOPHYLLINE AB Objectives-To examine the effects of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on cytochrome P-4501A2 activity in a cross sectional medical survey. Methods-The exposed workers had been employed at two chemical plants >15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4, 5-trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The control group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and who lived within the communities of the exposed workers. A total of 58 workers and 125 unexposed controls participated in the analysis. Cytochrome P-450 activity was assessed with a test that measures caffeine metabolites in the urine. A ratio of metabolites of caffeine (CMR) constituted a measure of P-4501A2 activity. Results-Compared with the control group in multivariate logistic regression, raised non-significant associations were found for three of four categories of TCDD in exposed workers (TCDD <20 pg/g, odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6 to 5.0, TCDD 20-66, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.0 to 1.7; TCDD 67-147, OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.6 to 8.8; TCDD greater than or equal to 148, OR 3.1, 95% CI O.8 to 12.5). We found a strongly significant association of CMR and urinary cotinine, a measure of smoking, and urinary free ethanol. We found weak non-significant associations between P-4501A2 activity and increased serum TCDD among workers. Conclusions-The absence of an association between serum TCDD and cytochrome F4501A2 may be due to the size of the study, insensitivity of the CMR to assess cytochrome P-4501A2 activity, or inadequate levels of exposure, although these were among the highest in human groups tested. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. RP HALPERIN, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QF009 UT WOS:A1995QF00900003 PM 7757172 ER PT J AU DRIVER, CR LUALLEN, JJ GOOD, WE VALWAY, SE FRIEDEN, TR ONORATO, IM AF DRIVER, CR LUALLEN, JJ GOOD, WE VALWAY, SE FRIEDEN, TR ONORATO, IM TI TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 5 YEARS OLD - NEW-YORK-CITY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULOSIS; YOUNG CHILDREN; NEW YORK CITY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB We examined medical and health department records for children <5 years of age with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis reported to the New York City Health Department from January, 1999, through June, 1992, in order to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis in young children and identify prevention strategies. Forty-seven children were treated for suspected or confirmed tuberculosis. Sixty-two percent (21 of 34) were foreign-born (n = 11) or had foreign-born caretakers (n = 10). A source case was found for 10 of 47 (21%) children; for 8 the adult source was diagnosed before the child. One child was human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive, however, 83% of children and 70% of adult source cases did not have human immunodeficiency virus test results available. Health care providers should test children at high risk for tuberculosis infection as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and improve contact tracing to identify children exposed to adults with tuberculosis. Because most cases of tuberculosis in children are diagnosed clinically rather than by isolating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identification of the source case is important for selecting appropriate treatment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1097/00006454-199502000-00006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QG130 UT WOS:A1995QG13000006 PM 7746692 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD USSERY, XT PARKINSON, AJ BREIMAN, RF AF GESSNER, BD USSERY, XT PARKINSON, AJ BREIMAN, RF TI RISK-FACTORS FOR INVASIVE DISEASE CAUSED BY STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AMONG ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; DAY CARE; BREAST-FEEDING; TOBACCO; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT ILLNESS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; PASSIVE SMOKING; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; OTITIS-MEDIA; B DISEASE; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a significant amount of illness and death from pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis among children <2 years of age. No currently available effective vaccine exists to prevent pneumococcal disease in this age group. To identify modifiable risk factors we conducted a retrospective case-control study of 29 Alaska Native residents of Bethel, AK, <2 years of age who had invasive pneumococcal illness from 1983 to 1992 and 85 controls matched for race, city of residence and date of birth. Data were collected through reviews of medical records and telephone interviews. In matched univariate analysis the following variables were associated with illness at P less than or equal to 0.25 and were included in the multivariate model: at least one prior episode of pneumonia; at least one prior hospitalization; group child care center attendance; at least one tobacco smoker in the household; at least one tobacco chewer in the household; and lack of breast-feeding. Using a conditional multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that group child care center attendance (odds ratio, 98.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.1 to 1920.6) and the presence in the household of at least one person who chewed tobacco (odds ratio, 20.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 294.5) were independently associated with illness while breast-feeding was protective (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 1.0). These data suggest that breast feeding may prevent invasive pneumococcal disease and that strategies for decreasing risks should target children in group child care settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate the interaction of tobacco and pneumococcal illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 47 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1097/00006454-199502000-00008 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QG130 UT WOS:A1995QG13000008 PM 7746694 ER PT J AU BARTON, LL ATWATER, L DAWSON, JE AF BARTON, LL ATWATER, L DAWSON, JE TI HYDROPS OF THE GALLBLADDER IN CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE GALLBLADDER HYDROPS; LYME DISEASE; EHRLICHIOSIS C1 GLENNON CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT DIAGNOST IMAGING,ST LOUIS,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BARTON, LL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,STEELE MEM CHILDRENS RES CTR,PEDIAT RESIDENCY PROGRAM,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QG130 UT WOS:A1995QG13000023 PM 7746708 ER PT J AU KHAN, AS KSIAZEK, TG ZAKI, SR NICHOL, ST ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ KHABBAZ, RF CHEEK, JE SHIRELEY, LA MCDONOUGH, SL WELTY, TK KUKLINSKI, D AF KHAN, AS KSIAZEK, TG ZAKI, SR NICHOL, ST ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ KHABBAZ, RF CHEEK, JE SHIRELEY, LA MCDONOUGH, SL WELTY, TK KUKLINSKI, D TI FATAL HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN AN ADOLESCENT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; SWEDEN C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,HQW,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. N DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND 58505. ABERDEEN AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,RAPID CITY,SD 57702. DEVILS LAKE SIOUX TRIBE,FT TOTTEN,ND 58335. RP KHAN, AS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP G-14,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1995 VL 95 IS 2 BP 276 EP 280 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QE313 UT WOS:A1995QE31300025 PM 7838649 ER PT J AU GEISSLER, E CRAVEN, R FINKE, EJ GUBLER, D STEHR, JL MOODIE, M ROBERTS, B WHEELIS, M WOODALL, JP AF GEISSLER, E CRAVEN, R FINKE, EJ GUBLER, D STEHR, JL MOODIE, M ROBERTS, B WHEELIS, M WOODALL, JP TI PROCEID - PROGRAM FOR CONTROLLING EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES - MISSION STATEMENT SO POLITICS AND THE LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINES; PEACE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO. RP GEISSLER, E (reprint author), MAX DELBRUCK CTR MOLEC MED,BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE, GUILDFORD, SURREY, ENGLAND GU1 2EP SN 0730-9384 J9 POLIT LIFE SCI JI Polit. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Biology; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Issues SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Issues GA RF605 UT WOS:A1995RF60500016 ER PT J AU KROMHOUT, H LOOMIS, DP MIHLAN, GJ PEIPINS, LA KLECKNER, RC IRIYE, R SAVITZ, DA AF KROMHOUT, H LOOMIS, DP MIHLAN, GJ PEIPINS, LA KLECKNER, RC IRIYE, R SAVITZ, DA TI ASSESSMENT AND GROUPING OF OCCUPATIONAL MAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE IN 5 ELECTRIC UTILITY COMPANIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE LEVELS; MISCLASSIFICATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRECISION; RESOLUTION ID LEUKEMIA; WORKERS; MORTALITY; DOSIMETER AB Objectives Occupational exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields was surveyed among randomly selected workers in five electric power companies. Methods The study facilitated the examination of exposure variability and provided the base for a job-exposure matrix linking health outcomes and occupational magnetic field exposures. Results Average exposures ranged from 0.11 to 1.50 mu T. The differences among the five companies were small, the more urban companies showing somewhat higher averages. The day-to-day component of variance exceeded the within- and between-group components of variance. The final job-exposure matrix consisted of five groups with average exposure levels of 0.12, 0.21, 0.39, 0.62, and 1.27 mu T. Given the variance in exposure, even this optimal grouping considerably overlapped. Conclusions The job-exposure matrix used in this study efficiently incorporated the differences in exposure within occupational categories between companies and provided an objective and statistically based method for estimating cumulative magnetic field exposure. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. ENERTECH CONSULTANTS,CAMPBELL,CA. RP KROMHOUT, H (reprint author), WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT AIR QUAL,POB 8129,6700 EV WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Kromhout, Hans/A-9159-2008 NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD FEB PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM572 UT WOS:A1995QM57200006 PM 7784864 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS-C IN THE WEST SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACUTE NON-A; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; POSTTRANSFUSION NON-A RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Jepsen, Peter/A-2593-2010 OI Jepsen, Peter/0000-0002-6641-1430 NR 150 TC 391 Z9 404 U1 2 U2 7 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1007259 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA QU745 UT WOS:A1995QU74500002 PM 7597444 ER PT J AU ALTER, HJ BRADLEY, DW AF ALTER, HJ BRADLEY, DW TI NON-A, NON-B-HEPATITIS UNRELATED TO THE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS (NON-ABC) SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID FULMINANT NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; APLASTIC-ANEMIA; LIVER-DISEASE; INFECTION; CHIMPANZEES; ANTIBODIES; PARTICLES; IMMUNITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALTER, HJ (reprint author), NIH,CTR CLIN,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 55 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1007268 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA QU745 UT WOS:A1995QU74500011 PM 7597441 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP LEE, LLL SATTEN, GA HENRARD, DR FARZADEGAN, H NELSON, KE READ, S DODD, RY PETERSEN, LR AF BUSCH, MP LEE, LLL SATTEN, GA HENRARD, DR FARZADEGAN, H NELSON, KE READ, S DODD, RY PETERSEN, LR TI TIME-COURSE OF DETECTION OF VIRAL AND SEROLOGIC MARKERS PRECEDING HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SEROCONVERSION - IMPLICATIONS FOR SCREENING OF BLOOD AND TISSUE DONORS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; P24 ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INFECTION; HIV-1; ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; PLASMA; PCR AB Background: Almost all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via blood or tissues that has occurred since anti-HIV screening was implemented in 1985 is traceable to blood given after infection but before antibody seroconversion, a time that is referred to as the window period. In this study, the performance of newer assays designed to detect viral and serologic markers soon after infection is assessed, and the reduction in the window period achieved by these assays is estimated. Study Design and Methods:Three cohort studies of persons at high risk for acquiring HIV infection were identified. These studies included well-controlled HIV type 1 (HIV-1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of serial preseroconversion specimens from HIV-1-seroconverting homosexual men or intravenous drug users. Of 81 enrollees with anti-HIV-1 seroconversion documented by a viral lysate anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) available in 1989, 13 (16%) had PCR-positive preseroconversion specimens. In the present study, sera from these 13 PCR-positive samples were further tested for anti-HIV by 10 contemporary EIAs and 6 supplemental assays, as well as being tested far,plasma p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA. Preseroconversion sera from 38 HIV-1 DNA PCR-negative cohort participants were also tested by selected anti-HIV EIAs and tested for p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA. On the basis of these laboratory data and the intervals between blood drawing in all 81 men, the reduction in the preseroconversion window period achieved by these new assays was estimated with a mathematical model developed to analyze seroconversion data. Results: Nine (69%) of the 13 preseroconversion PCR-positive samples had anti-HIV that was detectable by one or more contemporary anti-HIV-1 or anti-HIV type 2 EIA. Supplemental antibody assays were negative on all four EIA-nonreactive preseroconversion samples and negative or indeterminate on a high proportion of the nine EIA-reactive PCR-positive samples. Eight (69%) of the 13 samples were p24 antigen-positive, and 11 (85%) were HIV-1, RNA-positive. The estimated reductions in the window period (relative to the index viral lysate-based anti-HIV EIA) were as follows: contemporary anti-HIV-1/2 EIAs, 20.3 days (95% Cl, 8.0-32.5); p24 antigen and DNA PCR, 26.4 days (95% Cl, 12.6-38.7); and RNA PCR, 31.0 days (95% Cl, 16.7-45.3). Conclusion: Recent improvement in the sensitivity of anti-HIV assays has resulted in significant shortening of the preseroconversion window period. Consequently, the incremental reduction in the window period that could be achieved by implementing direct virus-detection assays has diminished significantly. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. ABBOTT DIAGNOST DIV,ABBOTT PK,IL. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,HIV AIDS COMPREHENS CARE PROGRAM,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. RP BUSCH, MP (reprint author), IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,RES & SCI SERV,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-82515]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-04334]; PHS HHS [U62CCU/902948] NR 49 TC 269 Z9 282 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35295125745.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA QD664 UT WOS:A1995QD66400002 PM 7825218 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, SB STLOUIS, ME NIEBURG, P COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D ABOUYA, L GAYLE, HD DECOCK, KM AF RICHARDS, SB STLOUIS, ME NIEBURG, P COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D ABOUYA, L GAYLE, HD DECOCK, KM TI IMPACT OF THE HIV EPIDEMIC ON TRENDS IN TUBERCULOSIS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; IVORY-COAST; RISK; COHORT; WOMEN; AIDS AB Setting: West African capital city with excellent, population-based notification of tuberculosis cases during a decade with a rapidly emerging HIV epidemic. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the HIV epidemic on tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Design: Review of data on all cases of tuberculosis registered in the city in alternate years from 1981 to 1991 and calculation of population-based rates using census data. Also, systematic study of HIV seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients in 1989 and 1991. Results: In 1981, several years before any health consequences of HIV were discernible in Abidjan, the incidence of tuberculosis was 155 per 100 000. By 1991, the rate of tuberculosis among HIV-seronegative persons had decreased by 38% to 96 per 100 000; however, 43.6% of tuberculosis patients were HIV-infected, and the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected persons was 1104 per 100 000 (relative risk 11.5, 95% CI 10.8-12.3), yielding an overall observed incidence of tuberculosis of 159 per 100 000 population. The population attributable risk of tuberculosis due to HIV infection increased from 36% to 40% between 1989 and 1991. Conclusions: The HIV epidemic has reversed the expected steep decline in tuberculosis in Abidjan over the past decade, and the impact of HIV infection on the incidence of tuberculosis may be accelerating. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR ANTITB,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 76 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0962-8479(95)90572-3 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA QG112 UT WOS:A1995QG11200003 PM 7718839 ER PT J AU HUNT, AR ROEHRIG, JT AF HUNT, AR ROEHRIG, JT TI LOCALIZATION OF A PROTECTIVE EPITOPE ON A VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (VEE) VIRUS PEPTIDE THAT PROTECTS MICE FROM BOTH EPIZOOTIC AND ENZOOTIC VEE VIRUS CHALLENGE AND IS IMMUNOGENIC IN HORSES SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE VEE VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; VACCINE ID SEMLIKI-FOREST VIRUS; ENCODED STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DEDUCED SEQUENCE; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE AB In order to define more precisely the protective epitope encoded within the first 25 amino acids (aa) of the E2 glycoprotein of the Trinidad donkey strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, we examined the immunogenicity of smaller peptides within the first 19 aa. pep1-9 and pep3-10 elicited virus-reactive antibody, but failed to protect mice from virus challenge. Additionally, pep3-10 was identified by, a competitive binding assay using overlapping peptide octamers as the putative binding site of the antipeptide monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A2B-10. Since the E2 amino-terminal sequence for all VEE subtype viruses is conserved, we rested the protective capacity, in mice of passively transferred mAb 1A2B-10 and found it to protect from both epizootic and enzootic VEE virus challenge. Since horses are an important natural host for VEE virus, pep1-19 was used to immunize horses and was found to be immunogenic and to elicit virus-reactive antibody. RP HUNT, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)93315-Z PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA QL829 UT WOS:A1995QL82900008 PM 7543231 ER PT J AU MISRA, DP KIELY, JL AF MISRA, DP KIELY, JL TI THE EFFECT OF SMOKING ON THE RISK OF GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; SMOKING; PREGNANCY; RACE; PARITY ID FETAL GROWTH-RETARDATION; THE-ART LECTURE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREECLAMPSIA; PROSTACYCLIN; THROMBOXANE; BLACKS; WHITES AB Data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey were used to examine the effect of smoking on the risk of gestational hypertension (GH). GH was defined as the occurrence of two consecutive diastolic blood pressure readings of at least 90 mmHg after the 20th week of gestation in the absence of proteinuria in subjects normotensive prior to pregnancy. One-hundred ten subjects with gestational hypertension were compared with 4371 subjects free of all hypertensive disorders. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in risk of GH overall (Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 0.18 (0.07-0.43)) and within each race and parity subgroup. When the protective effect of smoking was examined by race, black subjects appeared to benefit less from smoking compared with whites but the weaker effect in blacks was attributable to less smoking by blacks. Parous subjects experienced a larger reduction in the risk of GH associated with smoking than nulliparous subjects and this persisted at each dose level of smoking, Neither the protective effect of smoking nor the difference by parity appeared to be due to confounding by race, age, weight gain, alcohol use or marijuana use (adjusted OR (95% CI): nulliparous 0.28 (0.09-0.94) vs. parous 0.10 (0.03-0.30)). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,INFANT & CHILD HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,NEW YORK,NY. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD JAN 30 PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0378-3782(94)01593-E PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA QH762 UT WOS:A1995QH76200002 PM 7750444 ER PT J AU NIMS, L HATCH, K GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R TANUZ, M VOLD, I GOLDSTEIN, M POWERS, C KNOTT, J KALISHMAN, N SIMPSON, G SEWELL, CM PAUL, A SHANDLER, L NOLTE, KB OVERTURF, G GROOVER, J MUSHER, D AF NIMS, L HATCH, K GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R TANUZ, M VOLD, I GOLDSTEIN, M POWERS, C KNOTT, J KALISHMAN, N SIMPSON, G SEWELL, CM PAUL, A SHANDLER, L NOLTE, KB OVERTURF, G GROOVER, J MUSHER, D TI HEMORRHAGE AND SHOCK ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN HEALTHY INFANTS AND CHILDREN - NEW-MEXICO, 1993-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 949-952, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MEW MEXICO OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,SANTA FE,NM. UNIV NEW MEXICO HOSP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. VET ADM MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77211. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP NIMS, L (reprint author), NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,1190 ST FRANCIS DR,SANTA FE,NM 87502, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 4 BP 280 EP 281 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC057 UT WOS:A1995QC05700007 ER PT J AU DEARBORN, DG INFELD, MD SMITH, P JUDGE, C HORGAN, TE ALLAN, T ZIMOMRA, JA MORTENSEN, BK BURKETT, SA WINPISINGERSLAY, K WAGNER, S AF DEARBORN, DG INFELD, MD SMITH, P JUDGE, C HORGAN, TE ALLAN, T ZIMOMRA, JA MORTENSEN, BK BURKETT, SA WINPISINGERSLAY, K WAGNER, S TI ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE HEMOSIDEROSIS AMONG INFANTS - CLEVELAND, JANUARY-1993 NOVEMBER-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 881-883, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CUYAHOGA CTY BOARD HLTH,CLEVELAND,OH. CLEVELAND DEPT PUBL HLTH,CLEVELAND,OH. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA. RP DEARBORN, DG (reprint author), RAINBOW BABIES & CHILDRENS HOSP,CLEVELAND,OH, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 4 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC057 UT WOS:A1995QC05700008 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF ONORATO, IM CAUTHEN, GM BINKIN, NJ TIPPLE, MA AF CANTWELL, MF ONORATO, IM CAUTHEN, GM BINKIN, NJ TIPPLE, MA TI TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING OF APPLICANTS FOR US IMMIGRATION - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP CANTWELL, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 4 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC057 UT WOS:A1995QC05700019 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, G AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, G TI CORONERS AND PUBLIC-HEALTH SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 21 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8943 BP 194 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90198-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC550 UT WOS:A1995QC55000044 PM 7823691 ER PT J AU MOJICA, B HEFFERNAN, R LOWE, C MATTHEWS, S BRIGGS, T GUIDO, F WENDER, E KONDRACKI, S BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D AF MOJICA, B HEFFERNAN, R LOWE, C MATTHEWS, S BRIGGS, T GUIDO, F WENDER, E KONDRACKI, S BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D TI DETECTION OF NOTIFIABLE DISEASES THROUGH SURVEILLANCE FOR IMPORTED PLAGUE - NEW-YORK, SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 805-807, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ALBANY CTY HLTH DEPT,ALBANY,NY. WESTCHESTER CTY HLTH DEPT,HAWTHORNE,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. RP MOJICA, B (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 3 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QB234 UT WOS:A1995QB23400019 ER PT J AU VILLAGRA, M SUAREZ, L ARCE, R MOREIRA, MG AF VILLAGRA, M SUAREZ, L ARCE, R MOREIRA, MG TI BOLIVIAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - EL-BENI-DEPARTMENT, BOLIVIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 943-946, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MAGDALENA HOSP,EL BENI DEPT,MAGDALENA,BOLIVIA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP VILLAGRA, M (reprint author), NATL SECRETARY HLTH,MINIST HUMAN DEV,NATL HEMORRHAG FEVER PROGRAM,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 3 BP 194 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QB234 UT WOS:A1995QB23400021 ER PT J AU MCCAIG, LF HUGHES, JM AF MCCAIG, LF HUGHES, JM TI TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG PRESCRIBING AMONG OFFICE-BASED PHYSICIANS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC USE; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GUIDELINES; AGENTS AB Objective.-To assess changes in oral antimicrobial drug prescribing by office-based physicians from 1980 through 1992, with emphasis on the treatment of otitis media and sinusitis and on the possible impact of demographic variables on such use. Design.-The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a sample survey of office-based physicians in the United States conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Setting.-Physicians' offices. Patients or Other Participants.-Physicians sampled for the 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1992 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, which included groups of 2959, 5032, 2540, and 3000 physicians, respectively. Sample physicians responding in 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1999 reported data for 46 081, 71 594, 38 384, and 34 606 sample office visits, respectively, including information on antimicrobial drug prescribing. Main Outcome Measure.-Trends in the antimicrobial drug prescription rates. Results.-From 1980 through 1992, increasing prescribing measured by the annual drug prescription rate per 1000 population, was found for the more expensive, broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, such as the cephalosporins; decreasing rates were observed for less expensive antimicrobial drugs with a narrower spectrum, such as the penicillins. No trend was found for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the erythromycins, or the tetracyclines. During the decade, an increasing trend in the visit rate to office-based physicians for otitis media was observed, while the visit rate for sinusitis among adults was found to be higher in 1992 than in each of the other study years. Conclusions.-The increased use of broader-spectrum and more expensive antimicrobial drugs have implications for all patients because of the impact on health care costs and the potential for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The data suggest that the incidence of otitis media and sinusitis is increasing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,AMBULATORY CARE STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 44 TC 557 Z9 566 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 3 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1001/jama.273.3.214 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QB234 UT WOS:A1995QB23400025 PM 7807660 ER PT J AU RAVIGLIONE, MC SNIDER, DE KOCHI, A AF RAVIGLIONE, MC SNIDER, DE KOCHI, A TI GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS - MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF A WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-USERS; RISK; EMERGENCE; DEATHS AB This article describes the global epidemiology of tuberculosis and reviews recent estimates of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in the world. The highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection and estimated annual risk of tuberculosis infection are in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Overall, almost 3.8 million cases of tuberculosis were reported in the world in 1990, of which 49% were in Southeast Asia. From the period 1984 through 1986 to the period 1989 through 1991, notification rates increased in ail World Health Organization regions, except the American and the European regions. In 1990, there were an estimated 7.5 million cases of tuberculosis and 2.5 million deaths worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic is causing increases in the number of tuberculosis cases, particularly in Africa, although increases are also expected in Southeast Asia. In many industrialized countries, tuberculosis has recently failed to decline, and in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, cases and deaths are increasing. Drug resistance is a serious problem, especially in the United States. If worldwide control of tuberculosis does not improve, 90 million new cases and 30 million deaths are expected in the decade 1990 through 1999. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP RAVIGLIONE, MC (reprint author), WHO,TB PROGRAMME,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 80 TC 1128 Z9 1171 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 18 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 3 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1001/jama.273.3.220 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QB234 UT WOS:A1995QB23400026 PM 7807661 ER PT J AU MALONEY, SA PEARSON, ML GORDON, MT DELCASTILLO, R BOYLE, JF JARVIS, WR AF MALONEY, SA PEARSON, ML GORDON, MT DELCASTILLO, R BOYLE, JF JARVIS, WR TI EFFICACY OF CONTROL MEASURES IN PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS TO PATIENTS AND HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE; CROSS INFECTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION CONTROL ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Objective: To assess the efficacy of control measures in decreasing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A teaching hospital in New York City. Population: 40 patients hospitalized with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (case-patients) and health care workers receiving tuberculin skin testing. Interventions: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1990 guidelines for preventing transmission of tuberculosis, including 1) prompt isolation and treatment of patients with tuberculosis; 2) rapid diagnostic techniques for processing Mycobacterium tuberculosis specimens; 3) negative-pressure isolation rooms; and 4) molded surgical masks for health care workers. Measurements: Proportion of case-patients with nosocomially acquired tuberculosis and rate of tuberculin skin test conversion among health care workers before and after implementation of control measures. Results: The proportion of patients with multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis decreased after the interventions (10 of 70 [14%] compared with 30 of 95 [32%] patients before the intervention; relative risk [RR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9). Before onset of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, case-patients in the intervention period were as likely to be hospitalized on high-risk wards containing patients with tuberculosis (4 of 10 compared with 17 of 30 patients; RR, 0.7; P = 0.5) but were less likely to be exposed to another case-patient with tuberculosis (1 of 10 compared with 20 of 30 patients; RR, 0.2; P = 0.003). Tuberculin skin test conversion rates for health care workers assigned to wards housing patients with tuberculosis were lower in the intervention period than in the preintervention period (4 of 78 [5%] compared with 15 of 90 [17%] conversions; P = 0.02), decreasing to levels observed for workers assigned to other wards (4 of 78 [5%] compared with 9 of 228 [4%] conversions; P = 0.7). Conclusions: Implementing control measures reduced nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains to patients and health care workers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CABRINI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. NR 20 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 2 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC059 UT WOS:A1995QC05900002 PM 7993001 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR BOLYARD, EA BOZZI, CJ BURWEN, DR DOOLEY, SW MARTIN, LS MULLAN, RJ SIMONE, PM AF JARVIS, WR BOLYARD, EA BOZZI, CJ BURWEN, DR DOOLEY, SW MARTIN, LS MULLAN, RJ SIMONE, PM TI RESPIRATORS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND REGULATIONS - THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING PROTECTION OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS FROM TUBERCULOSIS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB Recent nosocomial outbreaks of tuberculosis have increased concern about the occupational acquisition of tuberculosis by health care workers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, have issued recommendations and regulations in an effort to decrease health care workers' risk for exposure to patients with infectious tuberculosis. Within the CDC, the National Center for Infectious Diseases, the National Center for Prevention Services, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collaborated to produce the 1994 Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities. As stated in the Draft Guidelines, the major components of health care worker protection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection include administration or source controls, engineering controls, and respiratory protective devices. We review the evolution of the seemingly conflicting recommendations for respiratory protective devices made by these Centers of the CDC and explain how the recommendations in the current CDC Guidelines were reached. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NCPS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MS E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 2 BP 142 EP 146 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC059 UT WOS:A1995QC05900011 PM 7992989 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GL HUGHES, JM AF CAMPBELL, GL HUGHES, JM TI PLAGUE IN INDIA - A NEW WARNING FROM AN OLD NEMESIS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CAMPBELL, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 2 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QC059 UT WOS:A1995QC05900014 PM 7992992 ER PT J AU GARGIULLO, PM ROTHENBERG, RB WILSON, HG AF GARGIULLO, PM ROTHENBERG, RB WILSON, HG TI CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS, HYPOTHESIS TESTS, AND SAMPLE SIZES FOR THE PREVENTED FRACTION IN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATTRIBUTABLE RISK-ESTIMATION; COMMON ODDS RATIO; COMMUNITY INTERVENTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; LOGISTIC-MODELS; DISEASE; CLUSTER; RANDOMIZATION; PROGRAMS; SMOKING AB The prevented fraction (PF) is the proportion of disease occurrence in a population averted due to a protective risk factor or public health intervention. The PF is not equivalent to the population attributable risk (AR). The AR is appropriate for epidemiologic studies of disease etiology, and for estimating the potential impact of modifying risk factor prevalence. The PF more directly measures the impact of public health interventions, however, and thus is an important evaluation tool. We derived the variance of the estimated PF by using maximum likelihood theory for cross-sectional studies. We used simulations to compare the performance of confidence intervals based on various transformations of the estimated PF. The logit transformation was the best choice when PF greater than or equal to 0.3, whereas the untransformed estimate was best when PF < 0.3. We present formulae for hypothesis testing and sample size calculations, discuss the issues of interaction and confounding and give two estimators adjusted for confounding. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP GARGIULLO, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 51 EP 72 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140107 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QF708 UT WOS:A1995QF70800005 PM 7701158 ER PT J AU KATIYAR, SK VISVESVARA, GS EDLIND, TD AF KATIYAR, SK VISVESVARA, GS EDLIND, TD TI COMPARISONS OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES FROM AMITOCHONDRIAL PROTOZOA - IMPLICATIONS FOR PROCESSING, MESSENGER-RNA BINDING AND PAROMOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY SO GENE LA English DT Article DE GIARDIA; ENTAMOEBA; TRICHOMONAS; ENCEPHALITOZOON; PROTOZOAN PARASITES; EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTION; ARCHEZOA; TRANSLATION; RIBOSOME ID GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPILATION; EUKARYOTES; EVOLUTION; UNIT; DNA; MITOCHONDRIA AB The amitochondrial (a-mt) protozoa include four groups of organisms that are of interest as important human parasites and as probable descendents of the earliest branches of eukaryotic evolution. These organisms have not been directly compared in terms of structure and function of a specific molecule. We sequenced portions of their rRNA-encoding genes coding for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and 2) and adjoining small subunit (SS), 5.8S and large subunit (LS) rRNAs. Included are sites for RNA processing, mRNA interaction and aminoglycoside binding, as well as potential protein-encoding genes. The ITS of all a-mt protozoa examined are relatively short, but otherwise diverse. They include one or two predominant nucleotides (A in Entamoeba and Trichomonas, T in Encephalitozoon and C in Giardia and have minimal potential secondary structure, which may form the basis for the preferential processing of ITS sequences, The mechanism employed by a-mt protozoa to bind mRNA may be unique, since Giardia, Trichomonas and Entamoeba mRNAs have unusually short 5' non-coding regions. In bacteria, the 3' terminus of the SS rRNA is involved in mRNA binding; analysis of Entamoeba and Trichomonas mRNA 5' non-coding sequences suggests an analogous mechanism involving potential base pairing to the loop of the terminal SS rRNA hairpin. Giardia sensitivity to paromomycin was previously correlated with the presence of a C:G bp near the decoding region of SS rRNA. This bp is also present in Entamoeba and Trichomonas, consistent with their susceptibility. Its absence in Encephalitozoon and other microsporidia predicts paromomycin resistance, and suggests a distinct evolutionary origin for this group. C1 MED COLL PENN,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 11 PY 1995 VL 152 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00677-K PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QC927 UT WOS:A1995QC92700004 PM 7828924 ER PT J AU CATES, W AF CATES, W TI HIERARCHICAL AUTHORSHIP SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 11 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PZ687 UT WOS:A1995PZ68700021 PM 7799489 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS JUE, DL LAMBERT, SB FANG, S FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS JUE, DL LAMBERT, SB FANG, S FIELDS, HA TI LINEAR B-CELL EPITOPES OF THE NS3-NS4-NS5 PROTEINS OF THE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS AS MODELED WITH SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NON-A; CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; JAPANESE PATIENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAPSID PROTEIN; LIVER-DISEASES; HCV INFECTION; CORE PROTEIN AB A set of 150 synthetic peptides spanning the proteins NS3-NS4-NS5 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was synthesized and tested with a panel of 20 sera obtained from HCV-infected patients. Of 62 peptides prepared from the NS3 region, none exhibited strong antigenic reactivity. Rather, five peptides from this region demonstrated specific reactivity with only 5-10% of anti-HCV-positive sera. Nonetheless, it is well known that the NS3 region contains strong antigenic epitopes. These epitopes appear to be modeled in a functionally active manner with recombinant proteins and cannot be mimicked properly with short synthetic peptides. This finding suggests that the major NS3 antigenic epitopes are conformationally dependent. Seven of 20 peptides prepared from the NS4 region were immunoreactive. Five peptides from this region demonstrated very strong HCV-specific antigenic reactivity, Four of the five peptides belong to the recognized immunoreactive 5-1-1 region located inside the C100-3 antigen. One peptide demonstrating immunoreactivity with approximately 90% of anti-HCV-positive sera was found outside the C100-3 region at the C-terminal part of the NS4 protein. Of 68 peptides synthesized from the NS5 protein, 30 were immunoreactive. Six of the 30 demonstrated immunoreactivity with 35-50% of anti-HCV-positive sera. Thus, the NS4 and NS5 regions of the HCV polyprotein contain a large number of specific, broadly reactive, linear antigenic epitopes. The highly antigenic reactivity of the NS5 region suggests that this protein may have significant diagnostic potential. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 206 IS 1 BP 666 EP 672 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80086-7 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA QD149 UT WOS:A1995QD14900074 ER PT J AU RAVKOV, EV SMITH, JS NICHOL, ST AF RAVKOV, EV SMITH, JS NICHOL, ST TI RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN GENE CONTAINS A LONG 3'-NONCODING REGION WHICH LACKS PSEUDOGENE PROPERTIES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENOME; RHABDOVIRUS; RNA; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEINS AB Analysis of a limited number of laboratory strains of rabies virus had demonstrated the presence of a genome region bounded by two transcription termination and polyadenylation-like (TTP) signals (approximately 400 to 450 nucleotides apart) which was located between the end of the glycoprotein (G) coding sequence and the beginning of the L polymerase coding sequence. Although this region had been suggested to represent a remnant or pseudogene (psi), no detailed analysis had been carried out to examine this possibility. Here we present the nucleotide sequence analysis of this genome region for several laboratory rabies virus strains and a large number of diverse rabies viruses detected directly in brain tissue of naturally infected animals. Only one distinct lineage of the laboratory strains and none of the wild-type rabies viruses contained the upstream TTP-like signal, indicating that only the downstream TTP motif is the authentic G mRNA transcription termination and polyadenylation and signal. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence differences provided no evidence of laboratory strains containing the two TTP-like signals being ancestral to any of the viruses possessing only the downstream TTP sequence motif. These data indicate that this region of the rabies virus genome encodes a G mRNA with a long 3' noncoding region with no evidence of a pseudogene. C1 UNIV NEVADA,CELL & MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 10 PY 1995 VL 206 IS 1 BP 718 EP 723 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80095-6 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA QD149 UT WOS:A1995QD14900083 PM 7831831 ER PT J AU NICHOL, ST MORZUNOV, S CHIZHIKOV, V SPIROPOULOU, CF FELDMANN, H RAVKOV, E BOWEN, M SANCHEZ, A THAYER, W ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG CHILDS, JE MONROE, M TRAPPIER, S TKACHENKO, E PILASKI, J DESOUZA, LT IVERSSON, LB ROWE, JE STJEOR, S PETERS, CJ AF NICHOL, ST MORZUNOV, S CHIZHIKOV, V SPIROPOULOU, CF FELDMANN, H RAVKOV, E BOWEN, M SANCHEZ, A THAYER, W ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG CHILDS, JE MONROE, M TRAPPIER, S TKACHENKO, E PILASKI, J DESOUZA, LT IVERSSON, LB ROWE, JE STJEOR, S PETERS, CJ TI NEWLY RECOGNIZED HANTAVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MOSCOW POLIOMYELITIS & VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. HEINRICH HEINE UNIV,MED INST ENVIRONM HYG,DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. INST ADOLFO LUIZ,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,FSP,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT MICROBIOL,RENO,NV 89557. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 5 PY 1995 SU 19A BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QQ997 UT WOS:A1995QQ99700964 ER PT J AU LODMELL, DL SMITH, J EWALT, LC AF LODMELL, DL SMITH, J EWALT, LC TI RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSED IN A VACCINIA VIRUS RECOMBINANT VACCINE CROSS PROTECTS MICE AGAINST UNIQUE GENETIC-VARIANTS OF RABIES VIRUSES ISOLATED WORLDWIDE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAID,PERSISTANT VIRAL DIS LAB,ROCKY MT LABS,HAMILTON,MT 59840. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,RABIES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 5 PY 1995 SU 19A BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QQ997 UT WOS:A1995QQ99701083 ER PT J AU LEWIS, S ERICKSON, B CAGE, G HARTER, G KIOSKI, C BAREFOOT, S CARMODY, L HOUSER, H SANDS, L SAUBOLLE, M LEWIS, K BARBOUR, S RUDINSKY, M AF LEWIS, S ERICKSON, B CAGE, G HARTER, G KIOSKI, C BAREFOOT, S CARMODY, L HOUSER, H SANDS, L SAUBOLLE, M LEWIS, K BARBOUR, S RUDINSKY, M TI ERYTHROMYCIN-RESISTANT BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS - YUMA COUNTY, ARIZONA, MAY-OCTOBER-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 807-810, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ETHYLSUCCINATE; PREVENTION C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. GOOD SAMARITAN REG MED CTR,PHOENIX,AZ. CHILDRENS HOSP,PHOENIX,AZ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP LEWIS, S (reprint author), YUMA CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,PUBL HLTH NURSING STAFF,YUMA,AZ 85364, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PZ042 UT WOS:A1995PZ04200005 ER PT J AU DEFRAITES, R SMOAK, B TROFA, A HOKE, C KANESATHASAN, N KING, A MACARTHY, P PUTNAK, J BURROUS, J OSTER, C REDFIELD, R ARONSON, N BROWN, M FISHBAIN, J DEAL, VT QUAN, J JOLLIE, A LONGACRE, J SHUETTE, J LOGAN, T JAHRLING, P ROSSI, C AF DEFRAITES, R SMOAK, B TROFA, A HOKE, C KANESATHASAN, N KING, A MACARTHY, P PUTNAK, J BURROUS, J OSTER, C REDFIELD, R ARONSON, N BROWN, M FISHBAIN, J DEAL, VT QUAN, J JOLLIE, A LONGACRE, J SHUETTE, J LOGAN, T JAHRLING, P ROSSI, C TI DENGUE-FEVER AMONG US MILITARY PERSONNEL - HAITI, SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 845-848, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FREDERICK,MD. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. 28TH COMBAT SUPPORT HOSP,PORT AU PRINCE,HAITI. RP DEFRAITES, R (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PZ042 UT WOS:A1995PZ04200006 ER PT J AU FONTENOT, JD GATEWOOD, JM MARIAPPAN, SVS PAU, CP PAREKH, BS GEORGE, JR GUPTA, G AF FONTENOT, JD GATEWOOD, JM MARIAPPAN, SVS PAU, CP PAREKH, BS GEORGE, JR GUPTA, G TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) ANTIGENS - STRUCTURE AND SEROLOGY OF MULTIVALENT HUMAN MUCIN MUC1-HIV V3 CHIMERIC PROTEINS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; MULTIVALENT ANTIGEN ID PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL TROPISM; AMINO-ACIDS; FUSION; LOOP; CD4; SEQUENCE AB Molecular modeling and two-dimensional NMR techniques enable us to identify structural features in the third variable region (V3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surface glycoprotein gp120, in particular the principal neutralizing determinant (PND), that remain conserved despite the sequence variation. The conserved structure of the PND is a solvent-accessible protruding motif or a knob, structurally isomorphous with the immunodominant knobs in the tandem repeat protein of human mucin 1 (MUC1) (a tumor antigen for breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer). We have replaced the mucin antigenic knobs by the PND knobs of the HIV MN isolate in a set of chimeric human MUC1/HIV V3 antigens. This produced multivalent HIV antigens in which PNDs are located at regular intervals and separated by extended mucin spacers. In this article we show by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy that the multivalent antigens preserve the PNDs in their native structure. We also demonstrate by ELISA that the antigens correctly present the PNDs for binding to monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antisera from HIV-infected patients. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30330. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI32891-01A2] NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 3 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 1 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.1.315 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QB238 UT WOS:A1995QB23800065 PM 7816840 ER PT J AU MOORE, J HARRISON, JS KAY, KL DEREN, S DOLL, LS AF MOORE, J HARRISON, JS KAY, KL DEREN, S DOLL, LS TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HISPANIC WOMENS HIV-RELATED COMMUNICATION AND CONDOM USE WITH MALE PARTNERS SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; RISK AB To determine factors influencing Hispanic women's HIV-related communication and condom use with their primary male partner, 189 Dominican, Puerto Rican, and Mexican women were interviewed regarding sexual behaviour and condom use, relationship characteristics, perceived risk for HIV, and HIV-related communication with the primary male partner. Level of HIV-related communication with the primary male painter was associated with the woman's perceived risk for HIV and her rating of the openness with which she could communicate with her primary partner. Mexican women were less likely than Puerto Rican or Dominican women and women with multiple partners were less likely than those with one partner to communicate about HIV-related issues with their primary partner. Women reporting more condom use with their primary partner were younger, had discussed HIV-related issues more with the primary partner, and were less likely to expect negative reactions to requests for condom use than those reporting less condom use. These results suggest that prevention programmes that increase both general and HIV-specific communication between members of a couple may facilitate safer sex practices by the couple. Prevention programmes that encourage women to insist on condom use should consider the woman's expectations about her partner's reaction as a potential barrier to the initiation of safer sex practices. C1 ORKAND CORP INC,ATLANTA,GA. NATL DEV & RES INST INC,NEW YORK,NY. RP MOORE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU204540] NR 22 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1080/09540129550126371 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA RZ815 UT WOS:A1995RZ81500002 PM 8547357 ER PT J AU SWEAT, MD NOPKESORN, T MASTRO, TD SANGKHAROMYA, S MACQUEEN, K POKAPANICHWONG, W SAWAENGDEE, Y WENIGER, BG AF SWEAT, MD NOPKESORN, T MASTRO, TD SANGKHAROMYA, S MACQUEEN, K POKAPANICHWONG, W SAWAENGDEE, Y WENIGER, BG TI AIDS AWARENESS AMONG A COHORT OF YOUNG THAI MEN - EXPOSURE TO INFORMATION, LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, AND PERCEPTION OF RISK SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article AB Structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among 834 young Thai men drafted into military service by random lottery in northern Thailand. Level of AIDS risk, exposure to AIDS information, level of knowledge about AIDS, and perception of risk for acquiring HIV and AIDS were assessed at baseline and six months after induction into the Army in 1991. General fear of AIDS was high, yet personal perception of risk for acquiring HIV was low, even for those at enhanced behavioural risk of infection with HIV. Multivariate PATH analysis shows that exposure to information about AIDS significantly reduced risk taking from baseline to follow-up, but only by first affecting personal risk perception. Focus group discussions revealed that risk perception for acquiring AIDS was low due to never knowing a person with AIDS, because prostitutes had health certificates for STD, and since many believed that AIDS could be cured or prevented with folk medicines. Implications and recommendations for intervention programmes are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. PRANARESUAN MAHARAJ HOSP,PHITSANULOKE,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,INST POPULAT & SOCIAL RES,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 573 EP 591 DI 10.1080/09540129550126236 PG 19 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA TJ577 UT WOS:A1995TJ57700003 PM 8652693 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST SHATTOCK, RJ ROBERTS, BD FREIMUTH, W BOXER, L GRIFFIN, GE FOLKS, TM NABEL, GJ AF BUTERA, ST SHATTOCK, RJ ROBERTS, BD FREIMUTH, W BOXER, L GRIFFIN, GE FOLKS, TM NABEL, GJ TI SIGNALING VIA ENGAGEMENT OF SURFACE LFA-1 STIMULATES REPLICATION OF HIV-1 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ANN ARBOR,MI. UNIV LONDON ST GEORGES HOSP,SCH MED,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 1995 VL 11 SU 1 BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RQ689 UT WOS:A1995RQ68900216 ER PT J AU BRODY, DJ FLEGAL, KM GERGEN, PJ AF BRODY, DJ FLEGAL, KM GERGEN, PJ TI BIRTH-WEIGHT AND CHILDHOOD SIZE IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF 6-YEAR-OLD TO 11-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY HABITUS; OBESITY; GROWTH; AGE; INFANTS; HEIGHT; GAIN AB The extent to which body size (stature, weight, or weight-for-stature) in later childhood is related to birth weight for normal-weight, full-term infants was explored using data from a national sample of U.S. children examined in Cycle II of the National Health Examination Survey, 1963-65. Standardized measurements of stature and weight from 4,689 white singletons ages 6-11 years were linked with birth certificate information. There were small but consistent positive associations of attained stature and weight with birth weight. The Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure of weight in proportion to stature, was also positively related to birth weight, although not as consistently, suggesting that the greater attained weight of higher birth weight children may be related to increased adiposity as well as to greater stature. However, simulations of the effect of an across-the-board increase in birth weight by 100 g or 200 g showed a negligible expected increase in the number of children with high BMI values. These findings indicate that birth weight is directly or indirectly a factor related to growth in childhood, but that upward shifts in the distribution of birth weight would have little effect on the prevalence of childhood obesity. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP BRODY, DJ (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310070305 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA RC948 UT WOS:A1995RC94800004 ER PT J AU WELBEL, SF SCHOENDORF, K BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ GROVES, C SCHABLE, B OHARA, CM TENOVER, FC JARVIS, WR AF WELBEL, SF SCHOENDORF, K BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ GROVES, C SCHABLE, B OHARA, CM TENOVER, FC JARVIS, WR TI AN OUTBREAK OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS IN CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYZER REUSE; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; BACTEREMIA ID PYROGENIC REACTIONS; BACTEREMIA; DIALYSIS AB Six chronic hemodialysis patients acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) with Klebsiella pneumoniae of the same serotype and similar plasmid profile during an 11-day period. The 6 case-patients were more likely than noncase-patients to have received dialysis during the fourth shift (p < 0.05) and to have their dialyzers reprocessed for reuse after those of the noncase-patients (p = 0.05). Investigation identified a patient during the same shift with an arteriovenous fistula infected with K. pneumoniae. The dialyzer reprocessing technician did not change gloves between contacting patients and their dialyzers in the treatment area and reprocessing the case-patients' dialyzers at the end of the fourth shift. We conclude that the outbreak of BSIs was caused by cross-contamination of the case-patients' dialyzers with bacteria from the gloves of the reprocessing technician and by inadequate dialyzer disinfection. After revised dialyzer reprocessing techniques and glove-changing policies were instituted, no further clusters of BSIs occurred. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1159/000168793 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA PY112 UT WOS:A1995PY11200001 PM 7872357 ER PT J AU GLASS, GE PETERS, CJ NOLTE, KB AF GLASS, GE PETERS, CJ NOLTE, KB TI PITUITARY HEMORRHAGE AS A COMPLICATION OF HANTAVIRAL DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE PITUITARY GLAND, HEMORRHAGE; PITUITARY GLAND, MAGNETIC RESONANCE; VIRUSES; COMMENTARIES ID RENAL SYNDROME; FEVER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP GLASS, GE (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA QB206 UT WOS:A1995QB20600029 ER PT J AU HEFFLIN, BJ ETZEL, RA AF HEFFLIN, BJ ETZEL, RA TI OUT-OF-HOSPITAL DEATHS DUE TO ASTHMA IN NORTH-CAROLINA, 1980-1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Because deaths that occur outside hospitals have not been well-described, we studied out-of-hospital deaths from asthma in North Carolina from 1980 through 1988. We investigated out-of-hospital deaths from asthma using information from the North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. We excluded deaths for which a hospital was listed as the place where the death occurred. For the nine years studied, the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner recorded 89 of 158 investigated deaths from asthma as having occurred out of hospital. Of the 89 deaths, 73% occurred in the decedent's home. The rates of out-of-hospital deaths from asthma increased as the age of the decedents increased, were higher in rural counties than they were in urban counties, and were over three times higher for blacks and American Indians than they were for whites. Racial minorities may warrant special attention in any attempt to prevent out-of-hospital deaths due to asthma. RP HEFFLIN, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS F39,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA QF830 UT WOS:A1995QF83000010 PM 7748589 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE GIOVINO, GA SHOPLAND, DR MOWERY, PD MILLS, SL ERIKSEN, MP AF NELSON, DE GIOVINO, GA SHOPLAND, DR MOWERY, PD MILLS, SL ERIKSEN, MP TI TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING AMONG US ADOLESCENTS, 1974 THROUGH 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; VALIDITY; PROGRAMS; COHORT; CAMEL; SALES AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. Methods. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health interview Surveys. Results. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through 1980 (1.9 percent age points annually among younger adolescents; the range among surveys of older adolescents was 0.2 to 2.0 percentage points annually) than from 1985 through 1991 (0 to 0.5 percentage points annually among all adolescents). Since 1980, smoking has generally declined at a slightly faster rate among older female adolescents than among male adolescents. Smoking among Black adolescents of all ages declined in nearly every survey population during each study period (range among surveys: 1974-1985 = 1.0 to 2.9 percentage points; 1985-1991 = 0.7 to 1.5 percentage points annually); for White adolescents, only minimal declines in smoking have occurred since 1985. Conclusions. Since 1974, major changes in adolescent smoking patterns have occurred, especially among Blacks. The overall slowing rate of decline in smoking prevalence since 1985 may indicate success of increased tobacco advertising and promotional activities targeted at adolescents or inadequate antitobacco education efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BATTELLE INC,ARLINGTON,VA. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAILSTOP K-30,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 81 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.1.34 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QD559 UT WOS:A1995QD55900009 PM 7832259 ER PT J AU SUEN, JC CHRISTENSON, GM NICOLA, RM AF SUEN, JC CHRISTENSON, GM NICOLA, RM TI THE KEY ROLE OF NURSES IN LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID PEOPLE RP SUEN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,MS E-20,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU302718] NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 120 EP 121 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.1.120-b PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QD559 UT WOS:A1995QD55900032 PM 7832252 ER PT J AU WHALEN, C HORSBURGH, CR HOM, D LAHART, C SIMBERKOFF, M ELLNER, J AF WHALEN, C HORSBURGH, CR HOM, D LAHART, C SIMBERKOFF, M ELLNER, J TI ACCELERATED COURSE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AFTER TUBERCULOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTION; COHORT; RISK; AIDS; PROGRESSION; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; CELLS AB To determine the effect of active tuberculosis on survival and the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study at four U.S. medical centers to compare the survival and incidence rate of opportunistic infections in 106 HIV-infected patients with active tuberculosis (cases) with that of 106 HIV-infected patients without tuberculosis (control subjects) but with a similar level of immunosuppression (measured by the absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count) as the cases. Cases and control subjects were similar with regard to age, sex, race, previous opportunistic infection, and use of antiretroviral therapy, but they were more likely than control subjects to have a history of intravenous drug use (49 versus 19%). The mean CD4+ counts were similar for cases and control subjects (154 versus 153 cells/mu l, respectively). The incidence rate of new AIDS-defining opportunistic infections in cases was 4.0 infections per 100 person-months compared with 2.8 infections per 100 person-months in control subjects for an incidence rate ratio (RR) of 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.94-2.11). Cases also had a shorter overall survival than did controls subjects (p = 0.001). Active tuberculosis was associated with an increased risk for death (odds ratio = 2.17), even when controlling for age, intravenous drug use, previous opportunistic infection, baseline CD4+ count, and antiretroviral therapy. Although active tuberculosis may be an independent marker of advanced immunosuppression in HIV-infected patients, it may also act as a cofactor to accelerate the clinical course of HIV infection. C1 CLEVELAND VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED & INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH. UNIV CLEVELAND HOSP,DEPT MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NYU,MANHATTAN VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,MED SERV,AIDS UNIT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. RP WHALEN, C (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,WG-49,2109 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. NR 35 TC 385 Z9 393 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 151 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA QA903 UT WOS:A1995QA90300021 PM 7812542 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, DR RUIZTIBEN, E RUEBUSH, T AGLE, AN WITHERS, PC AF HOPKINS, DR RUIZTIBEN, E RUEBUSH, T AGLE, AN WITHERS, PC TI DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - MARCH 1994 UPDATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Substantial progress has been realized in the global campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis by the end of 1995 since a previous review of the subject was published in this journal a year ago. All known endemic countries are now engaged in the eradication effort, and one or more control measures are now in place in 93% of endemic villages. Despite improved surveillance for the disease, the number of reported cases of the disease has been reduced by 41% (to about 221,000), and the number of known endemic villages has been reduced by 28% (to about 16,500) in the past year. Priorities for national eradication programs in 1994 include increasing the use of vector control and intensifying the case containment strategy in endemic villages. It is still possible to achieve the eradication target of December 1995, but greatly intensified efforts this year will be required to do so. C1 GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30307. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR RES TRAINING & ERADICAT DRACUNC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QH643 UT WOS:A1995QH64300003 PM 7856820 ER PT J AU ITO, A SCHANTZ, PM WILSON, JF AF ITO, A SCHANTZ, PM WILSON, JF TI EM18, A NEW SERODIAGNOSTIC MARKER FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE CASES OF ALVEOLAR HYDATID-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS; HUMAN FILARIASIS; ANTIBODY; CHINA; ELISA; IGG4 AB We determined whether detection of antibody response against a newly detected epitope, designated Em18, among Echinococcus multilocularis antigens could be a reliable marker for differentiation of active cases of alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) from inactive cases. Fifteen Alaskan patients with either active or inactive lesions of Al-ID previously confirmed clinically, pathologically, and serologically by the Em2-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for a blind test by Western blotting. Ten and five cases were considered to be active and inactive cases, respectively. One of the 10 cases classified serologically as active was judged to be inactive based on clinical and pathologic criteria; the patient had a recognizable parasitic lesion, and following short-term treatment with albendazole, a biopsy of the liver showed a degenerated lesion that did not grow in rodents. The five cases judged to be inactive included two confirmed inactive cases with cicatrized lesions and three active cases that showed the weakest values in the Em2-ELISA. The most predominant IgG subclass responding to Em18 was IgG,. In general, there were good correlations between 1) the antibody response against Em18 and the presence of active lesions and 2) the antibody response against Em18 and the Em2-ELISA values. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. RP ITO, A (reprint author), GIFU UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PARASITOL,GIFU 500,JAPAN. RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 16 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QH643 UT WOS:A1995QH64300008 PM 7531957 ER PT J AU TANAKA, N KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K ARAKI, T BARNHART, ER ALEXANDER, LR MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, C PATTERSON, DG AF TANAKA, N KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K ARAKI, T BARNHART, ER ALEXANDER, LR MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, C PATTERSON, DG TI SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR GC/MS ANALYSIS OF HYDROPHOBIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BY DIRECT SERUM INJECTION INTO RESTRICTED-ACCESS REVERSED-PHASE HPLC COLUMNS SO ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE GC/MS; REVERSED-PHASE HPLC; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; RESTRICTED-ACCESS REVERSED-PHASE PACKINGS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PACKING MATERIALS; ASSAY AB The extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons from serum was studied by reversed phase liquid chromatography using restricted-access reversed-phase packing materials. The restrictive dimensions of the hydrophobic pores of the superficially hydrophilic packings excluded serum proteins and facilitated retention of the smaller hydrophobic compounds included in the buffer-acetonitrile injection mixture. Only a relatively short time was required for analytes to be separated from less hydrophobic serum components and recovered with acetonitrile elution, providing samples for GC/MS quantification, The factors involved with injections of larger volumes of serum are addressed. C1 KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1063-5246 J9 ANAL METHOD INSTRUM JI Anal. Method Instrum. PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TD452 UT WOS:A1995TD45200005 ER PT J AU COLLINS, FH PASKEWITZ, SM AF COLLINS, FH PASKEWITZ, SM TI MALARIA - CURRENT AND FUTURE-PROSPECTS FOR CONTROL SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PLASMODIUM; ANOPHELES; VACCINE; GENETIC CONTROL; RECOMBINANT DNA ID ANTI-MOSQUITO ANTIBODIES; ANOPHELES-PUNCTULATUS COMPLEX; ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; VECTOR POPULATIONS; REFRACTORY STRAIN AB Malaria is the most important insect-transmitted human disease, but progress in its control has been slow, especially in Africa where approximately 90% of the infections occur. Several factors have contributed to the problem. Parasites and vectors have developed resistance to antimalarial drugs and insecticides; differences in the biology of major malaria vectors preclude the development of simple, universally applicable strategies for malaria control; and the cost of available malaria-control tools often exceeds the public health resources in the most malarious parts of the world. New tools are desperately needed. Current efforts include the testing of tools such as insecticide-impregnated bed nets that could become available in the near term, as well as long-term projects such as the development of malaria vaccines and mosquito-targeted genetic control strategies. The success or failure of any of these approaches will depend ultimately on understanding the natural patterns of malaria transmission in the field. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP COLLINS, FH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 128 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1995 VL 40 BP 195 EP 219 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.40.1.195 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB588 UT WOS:A1995QB58800010 PM 7810986 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE CASTRO, KG AF HUEBNER, RE CASTRO, KG TI THE CHANGING FACE OF TUBERCULOSIS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV); MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; VIRUS AB Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide, resulting in an estimated 8 to 10 million new cases and 2 to 3 million deaths each year. Between 1953 and 1985, the number of TB cases in the US declined by an average of 6% per year. However, since 1985, TB has been increasing in the US. Approximately 64,000 additional cases of the disease have been reported beyond the number expected had the rate of decline observed from 1980 to 1984 continued from 1985 through 1993. Increases in the number of TB cases have been significant in racial and ethnic minorities, in persons born outside the US, and in children less than 15 years of age. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has also been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of active TB in persons with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The unusual radiographic findings and the increased likelihood of extrapulmonary TB in HIV-infected persons make diagnosis of the disease problematic. Lastly, concomitant with the resurgence of TB has been the emergence of drug resistance. All of these factors make successful control of TB in the US difficult. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4219 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 1995 VL 46 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT175 UT WOS:A1995QT17500005 PM 7598480 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK SELEVAN, SG SEXTON, K AF WAGENER, DK SELEVAN, SG SEXTON, K TI THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN EXPOSURE INFORMATION - A NEED FOR EXPOSURE-RELATED DATA-BASES TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE PUBLIC-HEALTH SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; DATA COLLECTION AB As a subfield of public health, environmental health is concerned with evaluating and ameliorating the effects of people on the environment and the effects of the environment on people. Separating hazards from risks, and characterizing the magnitude, likelihood, and uncertainty of risks is at the heart of environmental health in the 1990s. To this end, a full range of data is needed, including data that characterize the distribution of hazards, the population potentially at risk, and the contact between people and pollution that creates the risk. Several government-sponsored data systems contain information on a range of exposure estimators. The challenge is to develop meaningful, properly validated models to identify public health needs and evaluate public health programs. C1 US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1995 VL 16 BP 105 EP 121 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ046 UT WOS:A1995QZ04600007 PM 7639866 ER PT J AU MAIBACH, E HOLTGRAVE, DR AF MAIBACH, E HOLTGRAVE, DR TI ADVANCES IN PUBLIC-HEALTH COMMUNICATION SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE SOCIAL MARKETING; RISK COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORAL DECISION-MAKING; MEDIA ADVOCACY; ENTERTAINMENT EDUCATION ID PRECAUTION ADOPTION PROCESS; RISK PERCEPTION; DECISION-MAKING; MODEL; PREVENTION; MEDIA; INTERVENTION; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; CONJOINT AB There have been tremendous advances in recent years in the innovative use of communication to address public health problems. This article outlines the use of communication techniques and technologies to (positively) influence individuals, populations, and organizations for the purpose of promoting conditions conducive to human and environmental health. The approaches described include social marketing, risk communication, and behavioral decision theory, entertainment education, media advocacy, and interactive decision support systems. We also address criticism of these approaches among public health professionals because of perceived discrepancies in their inherent goals and objectives. In conclusion, we call for the rapid diffusion of state-of-the-art public health communication practices into public health service agencies and organizations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAIBACH, E (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. OI Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 NR 102 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1995 VL 16 BP 219 EP 238 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ046 UT WOS:A1995QZ04600012 PM 7639871 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A BLUM, HL MCDONALD, M AF FRIEDE, A BLUM, HL MCDONALD, M TI PUBLIC-HEALTH INFORMATICS - HOW INFORMATION-AGE TECHNOLOGY CAN STRENGTHEN PUBLIC-HEALTH SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE COMPUTERS; COMMUNICATIONS; EDUCATION; INFORMATICS; PUBLIC HEALTH; INFORMATION SYSTEMS; SOFTWARE ID SYSTEM AB The combination of the burgeoning interest in health, health care reform and the advent of the Information Age, represents a challenge and an opportunity for public health. If public health's effectiveness and profile are to grow, practitioners and researchers will need reliable, timely information with which to make information-driven decisions, better ways to communicate, and improved tools to analyze and present new knowledge. ''Public Health Informatics'' (PHI) is the science of applying Information-Age technology to serve the specialized needs of public health. In this paper we define Public Health Informatics, outline specific benefits that may accrue from its widespread application, and discuss why and how an academic discipline of public health informatics should be developed. Finally, we make specific recommendations for actions that government and academia can take to assure that public health professionals have the systems, tools, and training to use PHI to advance the mission of public health. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 EI 1545-2093 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1995 VL 16 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ046 UT WOS:A1995QZ04600013 PM 7639873 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, AM BERKLEY, S NGUGI, E GAYLE, H AF KIMBALL, AM BERKLEY, S NGUGI, E GAYLE, H TI INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE AIDS HIV EPIDEMIC SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE HIV TRANSMISSION; GLOBAL AIDS POLICY; HIV PREVENTION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CLINICAL CASE DEFINITION; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; HTLV-III; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; CENTRAL-AFRICA; INFECTION; UGANDA; PREVENTION AB This review provides the reader with pertinent information on the epidemiology, prevention, and new technologies of the ongoing HIV pandemic. These aspects are key to international policy discussions surrounding the public health response to the international spread of HIV. Our understanding of the impact of AIDS on other diseases is evolving, as is our insight into the demographic and economic effects of the epidemic on the global community. Observations on the success of certain prevention strategies allow rational allocation of resources in newly affected epidemic areas. Information on the origin and nature of HIV transmission exemplifies the phenomenon of global emerging infections. As world populations are brought closer together through transportation, communication, trade, and commerce, insight into emerging infections of epidemic potential becomes increasingly important to the practitioner of public health. Although important, legal and social aspects of the epidemic will not be emphasized here. The epidemics of HIV/AIDS in the United States and Europe are not reviewed here. The global pandemic has recently been described in an overview in this publication to which the reader is also referred (15). C1 ROCKERFELLER FDN,DIV HLTH SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10018. STRENGTHENING STD HIV CONTROL PROJECT,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,NAIROBI,KENYA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KIMBALL, AM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT HLTH SERV & EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 101 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1995 VL 16 BP 253 EP 282 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ046 UT WOS:A1995QZ04600014 PM 7639874 ER PT J AU MERRIL, CR GOLDSTEIN, MP MYRICK, JE CREED, GJ LEMKIN, PF AF MERRIL, CR GOLDSTEIN, MP MYRICK, JE CREED, GJ LEMKIN, PF TI THE PROTEIN DISEASE DATABASE OF HUMAN-BODY FLUIDS .1. RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DATABASE SO APPLIED AND THEORETICAL ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL; 2-DIMENSIONAL; HUMAN; DATABASE; PROTEIN; DISEASE; BODY FLUIDS; ELECTROPHORETIC; DIAGNOSTIC; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS; SERUM; PLASMA; URINE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ID PHASE PLASMA-PROTEINS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; CYTOKINES; ALPHA-1-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; INTERLEUKIN-1; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEPRESSION AB We are developing a relational database to facilitate quantitative and qualitative comparisons of proteins in human body fluids in normal and disease states, For decades researchers and clinicians have been studying proteins in body fluids such as serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine, Currently, most clinicians evaluate only a few specific proteins in a body fluid such as plasma when they suspect that a patient has a disease. Now, however, high resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis allows the simultaneous evaluation of 1,500 to 3,000 proteins in complex solutions, such as the body fluids, This and other high resolution methods have encouraged us to collect the clinical data for the body fluid proteins into an easily accessed database, For this reason, it has been constructed on the Internet World Wide Web (WWW) under the title Protein Disease Database (PDD), In addition, this database will provide a linkage between the disease-associated protein alterations and images of the appropriate proteins on high-resolution electrophoretic gels of the body fluids, This effort requires the normalization of data to account for variations in methods of measurement, Initial efforts in the establishment of the PDD have been concentrated on alterations in the acute-phase proteins in individuals with acute and chronic diseases, Even at this early stage in the development of our database, it has proven to be useful as we have found that there appear to be several common acute-phase protein alterations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and major depression, Our goal is to provide access to the PDD so that systematic correlations and relationships between disease states can be examined and extended. C1 NIMH,ST ELIZABETHS HOSP,CTR NEUROSCI,BIOCHEM GENET LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ELECTROPHORESIS SOC PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0954-6642 J9 APPL THEOR ELECTROPH JI Appl. Theor. Electrophor. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TG260 UT WOS:A1995TG26000001 PM 8573599 ER PT J AU LEMKIN, PF ORR, GA GOLDSTEIN, MP CREED, GJ MYRICK, JE MERRIL, CR AF LEMKIN, PF ORR, GA GOLDSTEIN, MP CREED, GJ MYRICK, JE MERRIL, CR TI THE PROTEIN DISEASE DATABASE OF HUMAN-BODY FLUIDS .2. COMPUTER METHODS AND DATA ISSUES SO APPLIED AND THEORETICAL ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN DISEASE DATABASE; PDD; WORLD-WIDE-WEB; HYPERTEXT; INTERNET; RELATIONAL DATABASE; FOLD CHANGE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS; DATABASES; FACTUAL STANDARDS; PROTEINS GENETICS; HUMAN; ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL; 2-DIMENSIONAL; BLOOD PROTEINS ANALYSIS; CSF PROTEINS ANALYSIS; URINARY PROTEINS ANALYSIS AB The Protein Disease Database (PDD) is a relational database of proteins and diseases, With this database it is possible to screen for quantitative protein abnormalities associated with disease states, These quantitative relationships use data drawn from the peer-reviewed biomedical literature, Assays may also include those observed in high-resolution electrophoretic gels that offer the potential to quantitate many proteins in a single test as well as data gathered by enzymatic or immunologic assays. We are using the Internet World Wide Web (WWW) and the Web browser paradigm as an access method for wide distribution and querying of the Protein Disease Database, The WWW hypertext transfer protocol and its Common Gateway Interface make it possible to build powerful graphical user interfaces that can support easy-to-use data retrieval using query specification forms or images, The details of these interactions are totally transparent to the users of these forms, Using a client-server SQL relational database, user query access, initial data entry and database maintenance are all performed over the Internet with a Web browser, We discuss the underlying design issues, mapping mechanisms and assumptions that we used in constructing the system, data entry, access to the database server, security, and synthesis of derived two-dimensional gel image maps and hypertext documents resulting from SQL database searches. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,IMAGE PROC SECT,LMMB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,PRI DYNCORP,FREDERICK,MD 21702. MONOCLONET INT,HOUSTON,TX. NIMH,CTR NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. NCEH,CDCP,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ELECTROPHORESIS SOC PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0954-6642 J9 APPL THEOR ELECTROPH JI Appl. Theor. Electrophor. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 55 EP 72 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TG260 UT WOS:A1995TG26000002 PM 8573600 ER PT J AU BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM KLINCEWICZ, SL AF BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM KLINCEWICZ, SL TI IMMUNOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF PERIPHERAL LEUKOCYTES FROM WORKERS AT AN ETHICAL NARCOTICS MANUFACTURING FACILITY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OPIATE ADDICTS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MORPHINE; HEROIN; ASTHMA; BRONCHOSPASM; RECEPTORS; EXPOSURE; ABUSERS; STRESS AB Little information exists about possible adverse health effects associated with workplace exposure to opiate compounds. We have previously reported opiate-specific Ige antibodies, positive epicutaneous tests, and pulmonary function decrements in workers exposed occupationally to opiates. In the present work, we extended these findings to investigate the effect of occupational opiate exposure on lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenesis. Thirty-three opiate-exposed workers and 8 nonexposed control workers were evaluated for lymphocyte subpopulation absolute numbers and percentages, by evaluating cell surface antigen expression with flow cytometry. A complete blood count with differential, common clinical chemistry parameters, and serum immunoglobulin levels were also evaluated. Opiate-exposed workers showed significantly (p < .05) increased absolute numbers and percentages of HLA-DR(+) cells (MHC class II histocompatibility antigen), significantly (p < .01) decreased percentages of T helper-inducer (CD4(+)) cells, and significantly (p < .05) decreased numbers of basophils, compared with nonexposed opiate workers from the same factory. A trend toward reduction in the T helper-inducer (CD4(+))/T cytotoxic-suppressor (CD8(+)) lymphocyte ratio was also evident. There was also a significant decrease in lymphocyte activity stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (p < .05) in opiate-exposed workers. These data indicate that occupational opiate exposure may change the number and types of circulating peripheral blood leukocytes, or alternatively, alter the expression of receptors on the surface of these cells. In addition, occupational opiate exposure appears to decrease the sensitivity of B-cells to pokeweed mitogen stimulation. The significance of these findings as to the pathogenesis of occupational opiate-induced asthma are unclear at the present time, but the cellular changes reported in the present work suggest that lymphocyte alterations may be important. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIOSH,HAZARDS EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 50 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QT816 UT WOS:A1995QT81600001 PM 7717772 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RL WALLER, PL MUELLER, BA DYKEWICZ, CA SCHONBERGER, LB AF DAVIS, RL WALLER, PL MUELLER, BA DYKEWICZ, CA SCHONBERGER, LB TI KAWASAKI SYNDROME IN WASHINGTON-STATE - RACE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE RATES AND RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY TO WATER SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATIONWIDE SURVEY; DISEASE; OUTBREAK; RISK; RUG AB Objectives: To calculate race-specific incidence rates of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and to assess the association of KS with residential proximity to water in Washington State. Design: Incidence study over 4 1/2 years, using cases identified with a new statewide hospital data set and a case-control study. Setting: King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in Washington State. Patients: One hundred twelve population-based incident cases meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for KS. Main Outcome Measures: Race-specific KS incidence rates and distance to permanent bodies of water among KS cases and matched controls. Results: For the years 1985 through 1986 and 1987 through 1989, the annual KS incidence rates were 6.5 and 15.2 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively. Rates were highest among Asian Americans (33.3 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years in the 1987-1989 period), followed by blacks and whites (23.4 and 12.7 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively). The median distance to water did not differ between cases and controls and the proportion of cases living within 150 yd (135 m) of water was no greater than that of controls (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 20.9). Conclusions: With complete ascertainment of incident-hospitalized cases of KS, the race-specific rates are among the highest documented in the United States. The rate among Asian Americans was less than that found in Japan, perhaps due to differences in environmental exposures or variations in susceptibility among different Asian ethnic groups. Although we found no association with permanent bodies of water, future studies of KS should include home inspection to assess exposure to temporary collections of standing water. C1 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,DIV PUBL HLTH SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98104. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DAVIS, RL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WJ-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 149 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QC103 UT WOS:A1995QC10300015 PM 7827664 ER PT J AU SCHEIBLAUER, H KENDALL, AP ROTT, R AF SCHEIBLAUER, H KENDALL, AP ROTT, R TI PATHOGENICITY OF INFLUENZA A/SEAL/MASS/1/80 VIRUS MUTANTS FOR MAMMALIAN-SPECIES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE; NEUROVIRULENT; RECOMBINANTS; ACTIVATION; VIRULENCE; CHICKENS; SITE AB Increases in infectiousness, neurotropism and virulence were found in a laboratory variant of influenza A/Seal/Massachussets/1/80 (H7N7) virus having a highly cleavable hemagglutinin. Sequential passage from host to host further increased pathogenicity of the H7N7 virus in mice, ferrets and rats. C1 UNIV GIESSEN,INST VIROL,D-35392 GIESSEN,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1995 VL 140 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF01309867 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA QK493 UT WOS:A1995QK49300011 PM 7710359 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, CS Elliott, LH Peters, CJ Zaki, SR AF Goldsmith, CS Elliott, LH Peters, CJ Zaki, SR TI Ultrastructural characteristics of Sin Nombre virus, causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MORPHOGENESIS; MICROSCOPY; HANTAAN; GENOME AB A previously unrecognized disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, was described following an outbreak of severe, often lethal, pulmonary illness in the southwestern United States in May-June, 1993. We have now studied the morphologic features of the causative agent, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), by thin section electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy of infected Vero E6 cells. SNV virions were roughly spherical and had a mean diameter of 112 nm. They had a rather dense envelope and closely apposed fine surface projections, 7 nm in length. Filamentous nucleocapsids were present within virions. Viral inclusion bodies were present in the cytoplasm of infected cells; these appeared granular or filamentous, depending on the plane of section. All of these characteristics were similar to published descriptions of other hantaviruses; however, unlike all other hantaviruses and virtually all other member viruses of the family Bunyaviridae which bud upon smooth intracytoplasmic membranes, SNV budding occurred almost entirely upon the plasma membrane of infected cells. Virus budding was associated with the formation of long 28 nm diameter tubular projections. Occasional elongated 47 nm diameter virus-like particles were seen to bud upon intracytoplasmic membranes. As shown by immunoelectron microscopy, viral antigens were localized over virions, inclusions, and tubular projections associated with virion morphogenesis. RP Goldsmith, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP G32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1995 VL 140 IS 12 BP 2107 EP 2122 DI 10.1007/BF01323234 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA TN808 UT WOS:A1995TN80800001 PM 8572935 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, JD THOMAS, DC LONDON, SJ PETERS, JM AF BOWMAN, JD THOMAS, DC LONDON, SJ PETERS, JM TI HYPOTHESIS - THE RISK OF CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IS RELATED TO COMBINATIONS OF POWER-FREQUENCY AND STATIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY; CASE-CONTROL STUDY; STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ID BRAIN-TISSUE INVITRO; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DIATOM MOBILITY; MEMBRANE IONS; CALCIUM-IONS; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB We present a hypothesis that the risk of childhood leukemia is related to exposure to specific combinations of static and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields. Laboratory data from calcium efflux and diatom mobility experiments were used with the gyromagnetic equation to predict combinations of 60 Hz and static magnetic fields hypothesized to enhance leukemia risk. The laboratory data predicted 19 bands of the static field magnitude with a bandwidth of 9.1 mu T that, together with 60 Hz magnetic fields, are expected to have biological activity. We then assessed the association between this exposure metric and childhood leukemia using data from a case-control study in Los Angeles County. ELF and static magnetic fields were measured in the bedrooms of 124 cases determined from a tumor registry and 99 controls drawn from friends and random digit dialing. Among these subjects, 26 cases and 20 controls were exposed to static magnetic fields lying in the predicted bands of biological activity centered at 38.0 mu T and 50.6 mu T. Although no association was found for childhood leukemia in relation to measured ELF or static magnetic fields alone, an increasing trend of leukemia risk with measured ELF fields was found for subjects within these static field bands (P for trend = 0.041). The odds ratio (PR) was 3.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4-30.5] for subjects exposed to static fields within the derived bands and to ELF magnetic field above 0.30 mu T (compared to subjects exposed to static fields outside the bands and ELF magnetic fields below 0.07 mu T). When the 60 Hz magnetic fields were assessed according to the Wertheimer-Leeper code for wiring configurations, leukemia risks were again greater with the hypothesized exposure conditions (OR = 9.2 for very high current configurations within the static field bands; 95% CI = 1.3-64.6). Although the risk estimates are based on limited magnetic field measurements for a small number of subjects, these findings suggest that the risk of childhood leukemia may be related to the combined effects of the static and ELF magnetic fields. Further tests of the hypothesis are proposed. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT PREVENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP BOWMAN, JD (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1002/bem.2250160111 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA QH597 UT WOS:A1995QH59700010 PM 7748203 ER PT B AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA BE Mendelsohn, ML Peeters, JP Normandy, MJ TI Introduction: The role of biomarkers in the prevention of occupational disease SO BIOMARKERS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH: PROGRESS AND PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Development and Applications of Biomarkers CY APR 26-29, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP US DOE, Environm Safety & Hlth, US DOE, Energy Res, US DOE, Environm Management C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05187-8 PY 1995 BP 1 EP 6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BD69J UT WOS:A1995BD69J00001 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A AF SCHUCHAT, A TI GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN NEWBORNS - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON PREVENTION SO BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; VAGINAL COLONIZATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CARRIAGE; INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN; CHLORHEXIDINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis in many areas. Although incidence data are available for a minority of countries, the magnitude of illness due to this bacterium appears to vary substantially. Disease may vary due to the prevalence of asymptomatic GBS colonization, the virulence of circulating strains, the frequency of predisposing conditions such as low birth weight, or differences in obstetric practices. Approaches to prevention of neonatal GBS disease include administering antibiotics to high risk mothers intrapartum, use of intrapartum vaginal disinfectants, development of GBS vaccines, and nonspecific approaches. Determinants of prevention policies in a given area depend on the incidence of disease, the structure of health care delivery, cost-effectiveness, and cultural attitudes. Much CBS disease among newborns is now preventable, yet data on incidence are needed to guide selection of appropriate approaches to disease prevention. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0753-3322 J9 BIOMED PHARMACOTHER JI Biomed. Pharmacother. PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0753-3322(96)82573-X PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QL180 UT WOS:A1995QL18000004 PM 7749075 ER PT J AU ANDRUS, JK STREBEL, PM DEQUADROS, CA OLIVE, JM AF ANDRUS, JK STREBEL, PM DEQUADROS, CA OLIVE, JM TI RISK OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN LATIN-AMERICA, 1989-91 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID ERADICATION AB A major factor influencing the success of poliomyelitis eradication in the Americas was the reliance on mass immunization campaigns with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). As global poliomyelitis eradication activities accelerate and campaign vaccine delivery strategies are applied elsewhere, it is critical to determine whether the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is altered when routine delivery strategies are supplemented with mass immunization campaigns. We analysed all 6043 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) reported in Latin America over the period 1989-91 in order to estimate the risk of VAPP. The overall risk was estimated to be one case per 1.5-2.2 million doses of OPV administered, compared with one case per 1.4 million doses administered in England and Wales (1985-91) and with one case per 2.5 million net doses distributed in the USA (1980-89). These data suggest that to eradicate poliomyelitis globally, strategies that rely on mass immunization campaigns to supplement routine delivery services, as recommended by WHO, do not appear to alter significantly the risk of VAPP. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ANDRUS, JK (reprint author), WHO,REG OFF SE ASIA,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,INDRAPRASTHA ESTATE,MAHATMA GANDHI RD,NEW DELHI 110002,INDIA. NR 17 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN401 UT WOS:A1995QN40100004 PM 7704923 ER PT J AU KAHN, JG MOKDAD, AH DEMING, MS ROUNGOU, JB BOBY, AM EXCLER, JL WALDMAN, RJ AF KAHN, JG MOKDAD, AH DEMING, MS ROUNGOU, JB BOBY, AM EXCLER, JL WALDMAN, RJ TI AVOIDING MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION IN THE CENTRAL-AFRICAN-REPUBLIC - POTENTIAL IMPACT ON VACCINATION COVERAGE SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANTS AB Quantified in the study are the extent of missed opportunities for immunization and the potential increases in vaccination coverage and timeliness that could be achieved by using all health centre visits to administer childhood vaccinations in the Central African Republic. The data were collected during a national vaccination coverage survey of 642 children aged 12-23 months from three areas: rural, urban, and the capital, Bangui. Dates of all vaccination visits and other health centre visits were obtained from combined vaccination/health cards. Nationwide, 70% of all opportunities for valid measles vaccination were missed. Of these, 28% occurred at visits when at least one vaccine was given, while 72% occurred at other health centre visits. If there had been no missed opportunities to administer all vaccinations due when at least one vaccine was given, the coverage would have increased from 53% to 67% for the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus series, from 54% to 70% for measles, and from 34% to 59% for all antigens. If there had been no missed opportunities at any visit, the corresponding increases would have been to 70%, 76%, and 65%. For measles, 46% of the potential increase depends on recognizing that an earlier dose of the vaccine was invalid and on revaccinating. Days-at-risk for measles (after the age of 270 days) would have been reduced by a mean of 74 days per subject with a health card had no opportunities been missed. The method used serves as a valuable adjunct to evaluations of missed opportunities based on exit interviews at health facilities. It may be feasible and useful to incorporate it in vaccination coverage surveys in other countries where all health facility visits are recorded on similar home-based cards. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94109. EMORY UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PASTEUR MERIEUX SERUMS & VACCINS,PARIS,FRANCE. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP KAHN, JG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,1388 SUTTER ST,11TH FLOOR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94109, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN401 UT WOS:A1995QN40100006 PM 7704925 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ AF SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ TI ANTIMALARIALS DURING PREGNANCY - A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID MALARIA INFECTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHLOROQUINE; GROWTH; AFRICA; WOMEN AB Antenatal clinics (ANC) provide an avenue for interventions that promote maternal and infant health. In areas hyperendemic for Plasmodium falciparum, malaria infection during pregnancy contributes to low birth weight (LBW), which is the greatest risk factor for neonatal mortality. Using current data and costs from studies in Malawi, a decision-analysis model was constructed to predict the number of LBW cases prevented by three antimalarial regimens, in an area with a high prevalence of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant malaria. Factors considered included local costs of antimalarials, number of ANC visits, compliance with dispensed antimalarials, prevalence of placental malaria, and LBW incidence. For a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 women in their first or second pregnancy, a regimen consisting of one dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in the second trimester followed by a second dose at the beginning of the third trimester would prevent 205 cases of LBW at a cost of US$9.66 per case of LBW prevented. A regimen using a treatment dose of SP followed by CQ 300 mg (base) weekly would prevent 59 cases of LBW at a cost of $62 per case prevented, compared with only 30 cases of LBW prevented at a cost of $113 per case when the regimen involves initial treatment with CQ (25 mg/kg) followed by CQ 300 mg (base) weekly. In areas hyperendemic for CQ-resistant P. falciparum, a two-dose SP regimen is a cost-effective intervention to reduce LBW incidence and it should be included as part of the antenatal care package. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP SCHULTZ, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F22,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX320 UT WOS:A1995QX32000008 PM 7743592 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK KERN, MK CAMPBELL, C OLOO, AJ AF RUEBUSH, TK KERN, MK CAMPBELL, C OLOO, AJ TI SELF-TREATMENT OF MALARIA IN A RURAL AREA OF WESTERN KENYA SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TREATMENT POLICY; CHLOROQUINE; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; GUINEA AB Reported are the results of a study of residents' knowledge about malaria and antimalarial drugs and of their treatment-seeking behaviour in a rural area of western Kenya. The study subjects were generally well-informed about the symptoms of the disease. Malaria was perceived as a relatively mild illness, much less severe than acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), measles, difficulty in breathing, and diarrhoea. Self-treatment was extremely common: of 138 episodes of febrile illness, 60% were treated at home with herbal remedies or medicines purchased at local shops, and only 18% received treatment at a health centre or hospital; no treatment was sought by the remainder. Commercially available chloroquine preparations were perceived as more effective than either antipyretics or herbal remedies for the treatment of malaria, and injections were regarded as more effective than oral medications. 4-Aminoquinolines were used to treat 58% of febrile illnesses but in only 12% of the cases was a curative dose of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg body weight employed. Even attendance at a health centre did not ensure adequate treatment because of the common practice of sharing medication among family members. Greatly increased attention should be paid to the role of home treatment of malaria when policies are being developed for the management of febrile illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP RUEBUSH, TK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS F22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 8 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX320 UT WOS:A1995QX32000011 PM 7743595 ER PT J AU FAGBAMI, AH MATAIKA, JU SHRESTHA, M GUBLER, DJ AF FAGBAMI, AH MATAIKA, JU SHRESTHA, M GUBLER, DJ TI DENGUE TYPE-1 EPIDEMIC WITH HEMORRHAGIC MANIFESTATIONS IN FIJI, 1989-90 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES AB A dengue type 1 epidemic occurred in Fiji between July 1989 and July 1990. Virus isolations in C6/36 cell cultures and Toxorhynchites mosquitos yielded 36 strains. Of the 3686 cases recorded by the Ministry of Health, 60% involved indigenous Fijians and 37%, Indians. A house-to-house survey revealed that a large majority of patients had classical dengue symptoms and 8% reported haemorrhagic manifestations. Among the children and adults hospitalized for dengue, 43% had haemorrhagic manifestations, including epistaxis, gingival bleeding, haematemesis, melaena and haematuria. A total of 15 patients with haemorrhagic manifestations and/or shock died, 10 of whom were aged 0-15 years; the diagnoses were confirmed in four cases by virus isolation or serology. C1 WELLCOME VIRUS LAB,SUVA,FIJI. FIJI SCH MED,DEPT PAEDIAT,SUVA,FIJI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP FAGBAMI, AH (reprint author), UNIV PAPUA NEW GUINEA,FAC MED,DEPT PATHOL,POB 5623,BOROKO,PAPUA N GUINEA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RH593 UT WOS:A1995RH59300002 PM 7614660 ER PT J AU LUBY, SP KAZEMBE, PN REDD, SC ZIBA, C NWANYANWU, OC HIGHTOWER, AW FRANCO, C CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ AF LUBY, SP KAZEMBE, PN REDD, SC ZIBA, C NWANYANWU, OC HIGHTOWER, AW FRANCO, C CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ TI USING CLINICAL SIGNS TO DIAGNOSE ANEMIA IN AFRICAN CHILDREN SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; ANEMIA; HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOCUE AB Anaemia is a serious and common problem among young children in sub-Saharan Africa. As a first step towards developing guidelines for its recognition and treatment, we conducted a study to evaluate the ability of health workers to use clinical findings to identify children with anaemia. Health care workers examined a fetal of 1104 children under 5 years of age at two hospital-based outpatient clinics in rural Malawi, Blood samples were taken to determine haemoglobin concentrations. Pallor of the conjunctiva, tongue, palm or nail beds was 66% sensitive and 68% specific in distinguishing children with moderate anaemia (haemoglobin concentration, 5-8 g/dl) and 93% sensitive and 57% specific in distinguishing those with severe anaemia (haemoglobin concentration, <5 g/dl). Even without laboratory support, which is often unavailable in rural Africa, clinical findings can identify the majority of children with anaemia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KAMUZU CENT HOSP,LILONGWE,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP LUBY, SP (reprint author), AGA KHAN UNIV,POB 3500,STADIUM RD,KARACHI 74800,PAKISTAN. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 4 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RV529 UT WOS:A1995RV52900008 PM 7554019 ER PT J AU Linkins, RW Mansour, E Wassif, O Hassan, MH Patriarca, PA AF Linkins, RW Mansour, E Wassif, O Hassan, MH Patriarca, PA TI Evaluation of house-to-house versus fixed-site oral poliovirus vaccine delivery strategies in a mass immunization campaign in Egypt SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS; OUTBREAK AB Among poliomyelitis eradication activities recommended by WHO are national immunization days, Most campaigns have delivered oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from fixed sites, reaching 80-90% of target populations. Although house-to-house vaccination provides nearly universal coverage, countries have been reluctant to use this approach because it is considered more costly and logistically difficult. To quantify the cost-effectiveness of both these strategies, we compared the vaccine coverage and vaccination costs per child for house-to-house and fixed-site delivery in a mass campaign in Egypt. While personnel and total costs were higher in house-to-house delivery (38% and 13% higher, respectively), the costs per child vaccinated were similar. This was due primarily to the high coverage levels achieved in house-to-house delivery (100% versus 86%) and the reduced vaccine wastage. Vaccinating children al highest risk of infection was only 25-50% as expensive on a per child basis using house-to-house delivery, since such children were less likely to visit fixed sites, These findings may not be generalizable to other countries where labour costs are higher and the population density lower; however, house-to-house delivery may prove to be the most cost-effective eradication strategy by ensuring universal access to immunization. C1 CHILD SURVIVAL PROJECT,CAIRO,EGYPT. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. RP Linkins, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 589 EP 595 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TN134 UT WOS:A1995TN13400003 PM 8846484 ER PT J AU Dietz, V Andrus, J Olive, JM Cochi, S deQuadros, C AF Dietz, V Andrus, J Olive, JM Cochi, S deQuadros, C TI Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis associated with non-polio enterovirus isolation: The experience in the Americas SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID ERADICATION; OUTBREAK AB The Pan American Health Organization adopted as a goal the interruption of transmission of wild poliovirus from the Americas by 1990. Collection and processing of stool specimens from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) to identify wild poliovirus is critical for monitoring the success of the eradication programme. In the study described, cases of AFP in children less than 15 years of age reported in the Americas from 1989 to 1991 were evaluated to investigate the epidemiology of AFP associated with the isolation of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV), to characterize their clinical presentation, and to compare their clinical characteristics with those of AFP cases associated with the isolation of wild poliovirus (confirmed as poliomyelitis). The results show that the notification pattern for AFP associated with NPEV isolates is similar to that for all AFP cases. While AFP associated with NPEV isolates generally differs clinically from confirmed poliomyelitis, 2-21% of cases met one of three case definitions for poliomyelitis. Following the eradication of poliomyelitis, countries can therefore anticipate the continued reporting of cases of AFP that clinically mimic poliomyelitis but which are associated with NPEV. The study also confirms that NPEV circulation is common and that most isolates were from cases that did not resemble poliomyelitis. It is therefore questionable whether characterization of NPEV isolates is essential for global eradication of poliomyelitis and consequently whether allocation of resources for that purpose can be justified. C1 WHO,REG OFF SE ASIA,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,SE ASIA REG,NEW DELHI,INDIA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Dietz, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MAIL STOP E62,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 597 EP 603 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TN134 UT WOS:A1995TN13400004 PM 8846485 ER PT J AU Richardson, G Linkins, RW Eames, MA Wood, DJ Campbell, PJ Ankers, E Deniel, M Kabbaj, A Magrath, DI Minor, PD Patriarca, PA AF Richardson, G Linkins, RW Eames, MA Wood, DJ Campbell, PJ Ankers, E Deniel, M Kabbaj, A Magrath, DI Minor, PD Patriarca, PA TI Immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine administered in mass campaigns versus routine immunization programmes SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS AB Reported are the results of a study to investigate the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) when administered in mass campaigns compared with that following routine immunization programmes, For this purpose, paired sera were collected from a cohort of children before and after a mass vaccination with OPV in Morocco in 1987, Serum samples and information on vaccination status and other confounding factors that could influence antibody responses to OPV were collected. Neutralizing antibody titres to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were determined using a standardized assay. OPV doses administered exclusively during the mass campaign were consistently associated with higher type-specific seroprevalence rates than the same number of doses administered in the routine programme. These findings could not be attributed to differences in confounding factors. Enhanced secondary spread of vaccine virus may have occurred but could not be demonstrated because of limitations in the study design. Mass campaigns appear to be highly effective in raising the dose-related poliovirus type-specific immunity of the population above that achieved by the routine immunization programme. Our findings support the continued use of mass campaigns as an adjunct to routine programmes in order to both enhance and catalyse current efforts to achieve the global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. C1 UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,COLL MED,CARDIFF,S GLAM,WALES. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. THANET DIST GEN HOSP,MARGATE,ENGLAND. CHARING CROSS HOSP,LONDON,ENGLAND. MINIST PUBL HLTH,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,RABAT,MOROCCO. AVENZOAR HOSP,MARRAKECH,MOROCCO. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,DIV VIROL,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 769 EP 777 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TX171 UT WOS:A1995TX17100004 PM 8907770 ER PT J AU Lee, LA Dogore, R Redd, SC Dogore, E Metchock, B Diabate, J vanAssendelft, OW DeCock, K Patrick, E Herrington, J AF Lee, LA Dogore, R Redd, SC Dogore, E Metchock, B Diabate, J vanAssendelft, OW DeCock, K Patrick, E Herrington, J TI Severe illness in African children with diarrhoea: Implications for case management strategies SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE-CONTROL; FATAL DIARRHEA; BACTEREMIA; INFANTS AB To identify clinical disorders associated with severe illness in African children with diarrhoea, we studied a group of under-5-year-olds with diarrhoea who had been brought to a large public hospital in central Cote d'lvoire, The general condition of children with diarrhoea was assessed and classified according to criteria recommended by WHO, and then used as a nonspecific indicator of severity. Of the 264 children with diarrhoea who were enrolled in the study, 196 had nonsevere illness and 68 severe illness. Children with severe illness were significantly more likely than those with nonsevere illness to be dehydrated (45% versus 11%), moderate-to-severely wasted (47% versus 29%), bacteraemic (26% versus 9%), severely anaemic (haemoglobin level <6 g/dl; 15% versus 6%), have Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia (27% versus 14%), and have two or more of these five conditions (60% versus 14%). Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. were present in 68% of the blood isolates but were not associated with sero-positivity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study demonstrates the need for a more comprehensive approach to assessment and management of children with diarrhoea that ensures prompt recognition of bacteraemia, anaemia, wasting and malaria, as well as dehydration. Simple nonspecific observational criteria, such as those recommended by WHO for assessing and classifying general condition, are useful for identifying children with diarrhoea who are at high risk of having life-threatening clinical disorders, and can readily be used by health workers whose clinical training and access to diagnostic laboratory facilities are both limited. C1 MINIST HLTH,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Lee, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP K01,ATLANTA,GA 30306, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 779 EP 785 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TX171 UT WOS:A1995TX17100005 PM 8907771 ER PT J AU Engels, D Madaras, T Nyandwi, S Murray, J AF Engels, D Madaras, T Nyandwi, S Murray, J TI Epidemic dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1: A sentinel site surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Burundi SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB Annual epidemics of bacillary dysentery have been a public health problem in Burundi for the last 14 years. Recent civil unrest, resulting in the displacement of large numbers of people into refugee settlements, has aggravated the situation, We report the results of a nationwide, health-centre based, sentinel site survey to check the drug resistance of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the causal organism of such epidemics. Shigella spp. (of which 97% were Sd1) were isolated from 73% of the 126 specimens collected from six main sites around the country. There was no difference in culture results from fresh and frozen stool specimens. Overall Sd1 resistance to commonly available antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole + trimetho- prim, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol) varied from 77% to 99% and was fairly uniformly distributed over the country, All Sdl isolates were susceptible to newer drugs, such as ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance to nalidixic acid, the current first line of treatment for bacillary dysentery in Burundi, varied from 8% to 83% in the different sentinel sites; global resistance was 57%. C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,NATL LAB,BUJUMBURA,BURUNDI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 787 EP 791 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TX171 UT WOS:A1995TX17100006 PM 8907772 ER PT J AU BROWNSON, RC LOY, TS INGRAM, E MYERS, JL ALAVANJA, MCR SHARP, DJ CHANG, JC AF BROWNSON, RC LOY, TS INGRAM, E MYERS, JL ALAVANJA, MCR SHARP, DJ CHANG, JC TI LUNG-CANCER IN NONSMOKING WOMEN - HISTOLOGY AND SURVIVAL PATTERNS SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE ACCURACY; HISTOLOGY; LUNG NEOPLASMS; NONSMOKERS; PATHOLOGY; WOMEN ID RISK-FACTORS; MISSOURI AB Background. Despite the widespread view that important clinical and etiologic differences exist between histologic categories of lung cancer, few studies have examined the accuracy of hospital-reported pathologic diagnoses of lung cancer. Methods. A review of pathologic material and an assessment of survival patterns were conducted in conjunction with a recently completed case-control study of lung cancer among nonsmoking women in Missouri. Using established protocols, tissue slides from tumors of 482 patients were reviewed by 3 pathologists. Results. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type among former smokers and lifetime nonsmokers. The overall agreement rate between the original and review diagnoses was 65.6%. The positive predictive value ranged from 0.33 for bronchioalveolar carcinomas to 0.84 for adenocarcinomas. Agreement rates for small, medium, and large hospitals were 63.1, 66.6, and 66.2%, respectively. Survival rates were highest for bronchioalveolar carcinoma and lowest for small cell carcinoma. Conclusion. Given the importance of lung cancer to public health and the need to examine risk by histologic type, these data indicate that pathologic review of registry-reported lung cancer cases may be an important component of large scale studies of etiology. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,MO. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65212. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. NCI,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BROWNSON, RC (reprint author), ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,3663 LINDELL BLVD,ST LOUIS,MO 63108, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP7-1096-02, N01-CP7-1096-01] NR 20 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1<29::AID-CNCR2820750107>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QA657 UT WOS:A1995QA65700006 PM 7804973 ER PT J AU FAVERO, MS AF FAVERO, MS BE Rutala, WA TI CHEMICAL GERMICIDES IN THE HEALTH CARE FIELD - THE PERSPECTIVE FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION SO CHEMICAL GERMICIDES IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Chemical Germicides in Health Care CY MAY 26-27, 1994 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASSOC PROFESS INFECT CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL INC, MIAMI VALLEY HOSP C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC PROFESSIONALS INFECTION CONTROL & EPIDEMIOLOGY INC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 00000 PY 1995 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BD11E UT WOS:A1995BD11E00004 ER PT J AU BOND, WW AF BOND, WW BE Rutala, WA TI ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL GERMICIDES AGAINST CERTAIN PATHOGENS - HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV), HEPATITIS-B VIRUS (HBV), AND MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS (MTB) SO CHEMICAL GERMICIDES IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Chemical Germicides in Health Care CY MAY 26-27, 1994 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASSOC PROFESS INFECT CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL INC, MIAMI VALLEY HOSP C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC PROFESSIONALS INFECTION CONTROL & EPIDEMIOLOGY INC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 00000 PY 1995 BP 135 EP 147 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BD11E UT WOS:A1995BD11E00012 ER PT J AU FAVERO, MS AF FAVERO, MS BE Rutala, WA TI RESEARCH NEEDS FOR CHEMICAL GERMICIDES USED IN HEALTH CARE SO CHEMICAL GERMICIDES IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Chemical Germicides in Health Care CY MAY 26-27, 1994 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASSOC PROFESS INFECT CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL INC, MIAMI VALLEY HOSP C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC PROFESSIONALS INFECTION CONTROL & EPIDEMIOLOGY INC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 00000 PY 1995 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BD11E UT WOS:A1995BD11E00022 ER PT J AU POOLMAN, JT KRIZKUZEMENSKA, P ASHTON, F BIBB, W DANKERT, J DEMINA, A FROHOLM, LO HASSANKING, M JONES, DM LIND, I PRAKASH, K XUJING, H AF POOLMAN, JT KRIZKUZEMENSKA, P ASHTON, F BIBB, W DANKERT, J DEMINA, A FROHOLM, LO HASSANKING, M JONES, DM LIND, I PRAKASH, K XUJING, H TI SEROTYPES AND SUBTYPES OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS - RESULTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL STUDY COMPARING SENSITIVITIES AND SPECIFICITIES OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; VACCINE; FRANCE AB An international study supported by the World Health Organization comparing monoclonal antibodies for serotyping and serosubtyping of Neisseria meningitidis strains was performed and the results were assessed in 1992. A collection of 6 serotype-specific (1, 2a, 2b, 4, 14, and 15) and 12 serosubtype-specific (P1.1, P1.2, P1.4, P1.5, P1.6, P1.7, P1.9, P1.10, P1.12, P1.14, P1.15, and P1.16) monoclonal antibodies was provided to 11 participating laboratories throughout the world. Monoclonal antibodies were tested on 85 Neisseria meningitidis strains,vith known reference results, Whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for analysis in 10 of 11 laboratories. The sensitivities and specificities of individual serotype- and subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies were evaluated. Differences in individual laboratories and with individual monoclonal antibodies were assessed. Relatively large differences in sensitivities were achieved in individual laboratories. On the contrary, the specificities remained at high levels in all laboratories. The sensitivities of serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies ranged from 72.0 to 100%. Individual serosubtype-specific monoclonal antibodies showed sensitivities ranging from 64.1 to 98.1%. The most frequent reason for the incorrect results obtained with the monoclonal antibodies were false-negative results. The collaborative study demonstrated that some monoclonal antibodies are not very sensitive, Another study to define the most suitable monoclonal antibodies is planned. C1 UNIV AMSTERDAM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,CR-10042 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MOSCOW CENT EPIDEMIOL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. MRC,BANJUL,GAMBIA. PUBL HLTH LAB,MANCHESTER,LANCS,ENGLAND. STATENS SERUM INST,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. LADY HARDING MED COLL,NEW DELHI,INDIA. INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP POOLMAN, JT (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,VACCINE DEV & IMMUNE MECHANISMS LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Krizova, Pavla/M-6120-2015 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QA649 UT WOS:A1995QA64900013 PM 7719916 ER PT J AU STANDAERT, SM LEFKOWITZ, LB HORAN, JM HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF STANDAERT, SM LEFKOWITZ, LB HORAN, JM HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI THE REPORTING OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - A CONTROLLED-STUDY OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS AND HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE INFECTIONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HEPATITIS; VERMONT AB Surveillance systems for communicable diseases in the United States are primarily passive. We compared the passive reporting system for invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae with a concurrent, active laboratory-based system in the four metropolitan counties of Tennessee. The passive reporting system identified similar to 50% of all cases that were identified by the active system and accurately reflected trends in disease occurrence during the study period. Of all reported cases, physicians contributed fewer than 4%. Nearly 40% of all hospitals in the study area did not participate in the passive system, This lack of participation resulted in disproportionately increased reporting of disease among blacks. Inconsistencies in case definition within the state also contributed substantially to underreporting and lack of demographic representativeness of reported cases, The median reporting interval (the time from the onset of disease to transmission of the case report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was 24 days (range, 5-157 days). Efforts to improve surveillance of those infections for which isolation of a pathogen is tantamount to a diagnosis should concentrate on laboratory-based reporting and the use of currently available computer telecommunication systems. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QC639 UT WOS:A1995QC63900006 PM 7727666 ER PT J AU LARSEN, SA STEINER, BM RUDOLPH, AH AF LARSEN, SA STEINER, BM RUDOLPH, AH TI LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF TESTS FOR SYPHILIS SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB The lack of a method for demonstrating the presence of Treponema pallidum by growth necessitates the use of alternative methods. Traditionally, these methods are divided into direct detection methods (animal inoculation, dark-field microscopy, etc.) and serologic tests for the presence of patient antibody against T. pallidum. Serologic methods are further divided into two classes. One class, the nontreponemal tests, detects antibodies to lipoidal antigens present in either the host or T. pallidum; examples are the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and rapid plasma reagin card tests. Reactivity in these tests generally indicates host tissue damage that may not be specific for syphilis. Because these tests are easy and inexpensive to perform, they are commonly used for screening, and with proper clinical signs they are suggestive of syphilis. The other class of test, the treponemal tests, uses specific treponemal antigens. Confirmation of infection requires a reactive treponemal test. Examples of the treponemal tests are the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to T. pallidum and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test These tests ave more expensive and complicated to perform than the nontreponemal tests. On the horizon are a number of direct antigen, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PCR techniques. Several of these techniques have shown promise in clinical trials for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis that are presently difficult to diagnose. RP LARSEN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,BLDG 6,ROOM 319 G-39,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 344 Z9 386 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB476 UT WOS:A1995QB47600001 PM 7704889 ER PT J AU Hatheway, CL AF Hatheway, CL TI Botulism: The present status of the disease SO CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEUROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BARATII; TOXIN TYPE-A; WOUND BOTULISM; INFANT BOTULISM; TOXICOINFECTIOUS BOTULISM; UNITED-STATES; ADULT; STRAINS; FECES; IDENTIFICATION RP Hatheway, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 79 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1995 VL 195 BP 55 EP 75 PG 21 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BF67W UT WOS:A1995BF67W00003 PM 8542759 ER PT S AU SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA SAWYER, LA COCHI, SL HADLER, SC AF SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA SAWYER, LA COCHI, SL HADLER, SC BE Williams, JC Goldenthal, KL Burns, DL Lewis, BP TI DEFINING SURROGATE SEROLOGIC TESTS WITH RESPECT TO PREDICTING PROTECTIVE VACCINE EFFICACY - POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION SO COMBINED VACCINES AND SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION: CURRENT ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Combined Vaccines and Simultaneous Administration: Current Issues and Perspectives CY JUL 28-30, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Natl Vaccine Program Off, NIH, NIAID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ANTIBODY; ASSAY; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; IMMUNITY; VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20852. RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-863-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1995 VL 754 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44462.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD16V UT WOS:A1995BD16V00033 PM 7625665 ER PT S AU CHEN, RT HABER, P MULLEN, JR AF CHEN, RT HABER, P MULLEN, JR BE Williams, JC Goldenthal, KL Burns, DL Lewis, BP TI SURVEILLANCE OF THE SAFETY OF SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES - THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL AND PREVENTION EXPERIENCE SO COMBINED VACCINES AND SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION: CURRENT ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Combined Vaccines and Simultaneous Administration: Current Issues and Perspectives CY JUL 28-30, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Natl Vaccine Program Off, NIH, NIAID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO ID RUBELLA VACCINE; MEASLES; MUMPS RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,VACCINE SAFETY & DEV ACT E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-863-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1995 VL 754 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44464.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD16V UT WOS:A1995BD16V00035 PM 7625667 ER PT S AU WASSILAK, SGF GLASSER, JW CHEN, RT HADLER, SC THOMPSON, RS PAYNE, TH MULLOOLY, JP BLACK, SB SHINEFIELD, HR WARD, JI MARCY, SM AF WASSILAK, SGF GLASSER, JW CHEN, RT HADLER, SC THOMPSON, RS PAYNE, TH MULLOOLY, JP BLACK, SB SHINEFIELD, HR WARD, JI MARCY, SM BE Williams, JC Goldenthal, KL Burns, DL Lewis, BP TI UTILITY OF LARGE-LINKED DATABASES IN VACCINE SAFETY, PARTICULARLY IN DISTINGUISHING INDEPENDENT AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS SO COMBINED VACCINES AND SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION: CURRENT ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Combined Vaccines and Simultaneous Administration: Current Issues and Perspectives CY JUL 28-30, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Natl Vaccine Program Off, NIH, NIAID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-863-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1995 VL 754 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44473.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD16V UT WOS:A1995BD16V00044 PM 7625677 ER PT B AU Griffin, PM Mahon, BE Bean, NH Mintz, E Swerdlow, DL Hayes, PS Wells, JG Tauxe, RV AF Griffin, PM Mahon, BE Bean, NH Mintz, E Swerdlow, DL Hayes, PS Wells, JG Tauxe, RV BE Keusch, GT Kawakami, M TI Diarrheal illness in the United States: Emerging pathogens and vehicles and new approaches to detection and control SO CYTOKINES, CHOLERA, AND THE GUT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Joint Meeting of the United-States/Japan Cooperative Medical Sciences Program Panels on Malnutrition and Cholera CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1995 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC RP Griffin, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-298-X PY 1995 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BJ63E UT WOS:A1995BJ63E00027 ER PT J AU FORD, ES HERMAN, WH AF FORD, ES HERMAN, WH TI LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN THE US DIABETIC POPULATION - FINDINGS FROM THE 1990 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY - HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION SUPPLEMENT SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK-FACTORS; PIMA-INDIANS; EXERCISE; MELLITUS; INSULIN; PREVALENCE; REGIMEN; MEN; LIPOPROTEINS AB OBJECTIVE - Despite the scientific community's recognition of the importance of exercise, little is known about the epidemiology of exercise among persons with diabetes in the U.S. Our goals were to examine whether people with diabetes were more sedentary than people without diabetes, to examine the effect of activity limitations on the prevalence of exercise, and to examine whether the choice of activities differs among people with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We examined the 1990 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey to describe leisure-time physical activity patterns in a representative sample of the U.S. population with diabetes. RESULTS - People with diabetes were less likely to report exercising regularly than people without this disease (34.3 +/- 2.2% vs. 40.9 +/- 0.5%, P < 0.05). When the data were stratified by activity limitation status, no significant differences were observed. People with diabetes were equally likely to have engaged in exercise in the preceding 2 weeks and to have expended greater than or equal to 2,000 kcal/week as people without diabetes. Walking was the activity of choice for both groups: 49.2 +/- 2.1% of people with diabetes reported walking during the previous 2 weeks compared with 44.2 +/- 0.5% of people without diabetes (P < 0.05). People with diabetes were less likely to engage in jogging, aerobics, dancing, calisthenics, bicycling, weight lifting, several ball sports, and skiing than people without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS - After adjusting for activity limitations and age, people with and without diabetes are equally likely to exercise. The majority of people with diabetes, like their nondiabetic counterparts, are not meeting national physical activity goals. Individuals with diabetes should be encouraged to exercise regularly in accordance with their capabilities, physical limitations, and personal interests. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 38 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.1.27 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QG882 UT WOS:A1995QG88200004 PM 7698044 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D AF SATCHER, D TI EMERGING INFECTIONS - GETTING AHEAD OF THE CURVE SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; RETROVIRUS; PARTICLES; DISEASE; LYMPHOMA; PELIOSIS AB The early history of infectious diseases was characterized by sudden, unpredictable outbreaks, frequently of epidemic proportion. Scientific advances in the late 19th and early 20th centuries resulted in the prevention and control of many infectious diseases, particularly in industrialized nations. Despite these improvements in health, outbreaks of infectious disease continue to occur; and new infections emerge. Since 1987, the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine (IOM) has published three reports that have identified erosion of the public health infrastructure among the factors contributing to new and reemerging infectious diseases. In partnership with many public and private organizations in the United States and abroad the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a strategic plan that addresses the priorities set forth in the IOM reports and serves as a guide for CDC and its partners to combat emerging microbial threats to health. Laboratory-based surveillance, better communication networks, and improvements in the public health infrastructure are the cornerstones of the strategy. Emerging Infectious Diseases, a new periodical produced by CDC, will serve as a forum for exchange of information about incipient trends in infectious diseases, analysis of factors contributing to disease emergence, and development and implementation of prevention measures. RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD316 UT WOS:A1995TD31600001 PM 8903147 ER PT J AU REGNERY, R TAPPERO, J AF REGNERY, R TAPPERO, J TI UNRAVELING MYSTERIES ASSOCIATED WITH CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE, BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS, AND RELATED SYNDROMES SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; INFECTION; PELIOSIS; ENDOCARDITIS; QUINTANA; PATIENT; AGENT AB The search for the infectious agents responsible for cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and related syndromes has a long and often circuitous history. Recognition of the etiologic agents and a new understanding of the fundamental features of the epidemiology and natural history of modern day Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea)-associated diseases culminate a multipartite story that combines clinical medicine, traditional microbiology, and novel technological approaches to solve a long-standing enigma. RP REGNERY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD316 UT WOS:A1995TD31600003 PM 8903149 ER PT J AU VACALIS, TD BARTLETT, CLR SHAPIRO, CG AF VACALIS, TD BARTLETT, CLR SHAPIRO, CG TI ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 PHLS,COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE CTR,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP VACALIS, TD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD316 UT WOS:A1995TD31600008 PM 8903154 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC HUGHES, JM AF TENOVER, FC HUGHES, JM TI WHO SCIENTIFIC WORKING GROUP ON MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL-RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 1 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD316 UT WOS:A1995TD31600011 PM 8903156 ER PT J AU CHOUDHARY, G AF CHOUDHARY, G TI HUMAN HEALTH PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE - A REVIEW SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review ID PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS; TOXICITY; HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE; CONTAMINANTS; MUTAGENICITY; GLUTATHIONE; ACID; NEPHROTOXINS RP CHOUDHARY, G (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1059-0501 J9 ENVIRON CARCIN ECO R JI Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxical. Rev.-Pt. C J. Env. Sci. Health PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 179 EP 203 PG 25 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA TA616 UT WOS:A1995TA61600003 ER PT J AU GIOVINO, GA HENNINGFIELD, JE TOMAR, SL ESCOBEDO, LG SLADE, J AF GIOVINO, GA HENNINGFIELD, JE TOMAR, SL ESCOBEDO, LG SLADE, J TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOBACCO USE AND DEPENDENCE SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RACIAL ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; ILLICIT DRUG-USE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; YOUNG-ADULTS; WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS; LUNG-CANCER C1 NIDA,ADDICT RES CTR,CLIN PHARMACOL BRANCH,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,ST PETERS MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP GIOVINO, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 191 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 7 U2 17 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 48 EP 65 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RU555 UT WOS:A1995RU55500007 PM 8521946 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Brandt, ME Pinner, RW AF Hajjeh, RA Brandt, ME Pinner, RW TI Emergence of cryptococcal disease: Epidemiologic perspectives 100 years after its discovery SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NEOFORMANS VAR GATTII; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PULMONARY CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; HIV-INFECTION; EXTRAPULMONARY CRYPTOCOCCOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 203 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1995 VL 17 IS 2 BP 303 EP 320 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UB036 UT WOS:A1995UB03600004 PM 8654513 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, G TI Review of the factors modulating dengue transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; BORNE DISEASE-CONTROL; FC-GAMMA RECEPTORS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; VIRUS-INFECTION; SHOCK SYNDROME; EPIDEMIC; VECTOR; MOSQUITO RP Kuno, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 162 TC 171 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 1995 VL 17 IS 2 BP 321 EP 335 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UB036 UT WOS:A1995UB03600005 PM 8654514 ER PT J AU PERRY, GS BYERS, TE MOKDAD, AH SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF AF PERRY, GS BYERS, TE MOKDAD, AH SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF TI THE VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORTS OF PAST BODY WEIGHTS BY US ADULTS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BODY WEIGHT; RECALL; SELF-REPORTED PAST WEIGHT; OBESITY; GENDER; RACE AB Past weight or patterns of weight change may be more important to chronic disease risk than current weight. Self-reports, however, are often the only source of information about past body weight. To date, very few studies have examined factors affecting the validity of self-reported past body weight. We examined the validity of self-reported past body weights of 1,931 U.S. adults who were participants in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-1975) and were interviewed again in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982-1984). We compared the body weight measured during the initial examination (1971-1975) with the recalled 1971-1975 body weight reported during the follow-up interview (1982-1984). Recalled past weight was strongly correlated with previously measured weight (r = 0.13 for men, and r = 0.74 for women). Men overestimated their past body weight, whereas women underestimated their past weight. Although 39% of men and 41% of women estimated their past weight within 5 pounds, approximately 17% of women and 10% of men underestimated their past weight more than 15 pounds. Accuracy of reporting was influenced by sex, race, current body mass index, and the amount of weight gained over the 10 years following the initial examination. These factors should be considered when using recalled weight in epidemiologic studies. RP PERRY, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1097/00001648-199501000-00012 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY488 UT WOS:A1995PY48800012 PM 7888448 ER PT J AU BUTTKE, TM SANDSTROM, PA AF BUTTKE, TM SANDSTROM, PA TI REDOX REGULATION OF PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH IN LYMPHOCYTES - INVITED COMMENTARY SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN T-CELL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; KAPPA-B; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB A redox imbalance caused by an over-production of prooxidants or a decrease in antioxidants seems to play a role in the programmed cell death that occurs in various developmental programs. Such a physiological function for oxidative stress is particularly applicable to the immune system, wherein individual lymphocytes undergo continuous scrutiny to determine if they should be preserved or programmed to die. Following activation, lymphocytes produced increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may serve as intracellular signaling molecules. The ultimate outcome of this increased ROS formation, i.e., lymphocyte proliferation versus programmed cell death, may be dictated by macrophage-derived costimulatory molecules that bolster or diminish lymphocyte antioxidant defenses. HIV-1-infected individuals display multiple symptoms of redox imbalance consistent with their being in oxidative stress, and lymphocytes from such individuals are more prone to undergo apoptosis in vitro. It is suggested that oxidative stress is a physiological mediator of programmed cell death in lymphoid cells, and that HIV disease represents an extreme case of what can happen when regulatory safeguards are compromised. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUTTKE, TM (reprint author), E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858, USA. NR 80 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.3109/10715769509147548 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QW943 UT WOS:A1995QW94300001 PM 7633568 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, MJK COOPER, KD DEVLIN, RB VANLOVEREN, H BIAGINI, RE LUSTER, MI AF SELGRADE, MJK COOPER, KD DEVLIN, RB VANLOVEREN, H BIAGINI, RE LUSTER, MI TI IMMUNOTOXICITY-BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL RESEARCH AND HUMAN HEALTH-EFFECTS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; INDUCED SUPPRESSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN-CANCER; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE; INDUCTION; INVIVO; TESTS C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,PATHOL LAB,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIEHS,ENVIRONM IMMUNOL & NEUROBIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP SELGRADE, MJK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1003 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QC921 UT WOS:A1995QC92100003 PM 7713335 ER PT J AU GRACE, KR WATERS, G HUETHER, CA EDMONDS, LD MCCLAIN, P AF GRACE, KR WATERS, G HUETHER, CA EDMONDS, LD MCCLAIN, P TI EVALUATING A NEW ALGORITHM FOR LINKING MATERNAL AND NEWBORN MEDICAL RECORDS SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIRTH DEFECTS; MEDICAL RECORD LINKAGE; REGISTRIES ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; MORTALITY AB Linking maternal and newborn medical records is a valuable tool for assessing the relationship between maternal variables and fetal outcome. This study evaluated the Center for Disease Control's newly developed maternal and newborn medical record linkage system, a computer program that uses weighted variables to determine the most likely maternal and newborn pairs. Any newborn record not achieving a set minimum score with a maternal record remains nonmatched. The objectives of the study were to estimate the program's matching accuracy, determine causes of incorrect matches and nonmatches, develop suggestions for program revisions, and evaluate the effects of the revisions. The study sample included 521 matched and 247 nonmatched maternal and newborn medical records from seven Ohio hospitals. Of all available newborn records (10,068), 574 (5.7%) did not match with maternal records; for those in which a match occurred, the authors ascertained a 98% matching accuracy and determined explanations for nonmatched and incorrectly matched records. The authors noted a greater prevalence of birth defects and prematurity among newborns with nonmatched records than among those with matched records. Program revisions, therefore, focused on reducing the prevalence of nonmatched records. The revised program reduced the prevalence of nonmatched records from 5.7% to 3% but reduced matching accuracy. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1002/gepi.1370120404 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA RT125 UT WOS:A1995RT12500003 PM 8536953 ER PT J AU YANG, P GRUFFERMAN, S KHOURY, MJ SCHWARTZ, AG KOWALSKI, J RUYMANN, FB MAURER, HM AF YANG, P GRUFFERMAN, S KHOURY, MJ SCHWARTZ, AG KOWALSKI, J RUYMANN, FB MAURER, HM TI ASSOCIATION OF CHILDHOOD RHABDOMYOSARCOMA WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-I AND BIRTH-DEFECTS SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMAS; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MALIGNANT DISEASE; CHILDREN; CANCER; RISK; MOTHERS; FAMILY; BONE AB Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an uncommon malignant soft tissue sarcoma whose cause is largely unknown. Reported risk factors include genetic alterations (e.g., p53 mutations, a defective gene at 11p15.5, or specific chromosomal translocation of t(2:13)), and parents' use of drugs around the time of conception. We present results from a national, case-control study of 249 RMS cases (170 males and 79 females) and 302 controls (196 males and 106 females). The cases, aged 0-20 years at diagnosis, were identified via the Intergroup RMS Study-III during 1982-1988. Controls were selected by random digit telephone dialing. As a supplement to the original study, information on genetic diseases and birth defects (ED) was collected from the subjects' parents by telephone interview. Fifty-six (22.5%) cases and 55 (18.2%) controls were reported to have genetic diseases or ED (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-2.02, P = .21). The case group had a significantly higher frequency of neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) than did the control group, i.e., five cases (2.0%) had NFI vs. zero controls (P = .02). The case group also had a higher frequency of major BDs than did the control group (6.0% vs. 2.6%, OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 0.92-6.52, P = .05). However, this excess was only observed in males (7.6% vs. 2.6%, OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.02-10.41, P = .02). Among the 15 cases having both RMS and major BDs, six (40.0%) had both conditions in the same regional anatomic site: Two (13.3%) had both in the extremities, two (13.3%) in the genitourinary system, and two in the head and neck. These findings suggest that common genetic mechanisms or in utero exposures may be involved in the development of many childhood tumors and congenital abnormalities. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEBRASKA,COLL MED,OMAHA,NE 68182. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP YANG, P (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED & CLIN EPIDEMIOL,M-200 SCAIFE HALL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-20457, CA-21224, CA-30138] NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1995 VL 12 IS 5 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1002/gepi.1370120504 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA TC761 UT WOS:A1995TC76100003 PM 8557179 ER PT B AU Gayle, HD AF Gayle, HD BE Shiokawa, Y Kitamura, T TI Bilateral response SO GLOBAL CHALLENGE OF AIDS - TEN YEARS OF HIV/AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on AIDS/International Conference on STD CY AUG 07-12, 1994 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP WHO, Minist Hlth & Welfare Japan RP Gayle, HD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-8055-6222-5 PY 1995 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BE40K UT WOS:A1995BE40K00036 ER PT J AU HOOFNAGLE, JH CARITHERS, RL SHAPIRO, C ASCHER, N AF HOOFNAGLE, JH CARITHERS, RL SHAPIRO, C ASCHER, N TI FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE - SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORTHOTOPIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; B VIRUS-DNA; MICROCARRIER-ATTACHED HEPATOCYTES; PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CEREBRAL EDEMA; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; ASSIST DEVICE; RATS AB Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is defined by the appearance of severe Liver injury with hepatic encephalopathy in a previously healthy person. There are an estimated 2,000 cases of FHF in the United States yearly, representing 0.1% of all deaths and, perhaps, 6% of liver-related deaths. The causes of FHF are many, the chief ones in the United States being hepatitis A; B; non-A, non-B and drug induced liver disease. There are no specific therapies for FHF, however, liver transplantation is recommended for situations in which spontaneous recovery appears unlikely, Factors that are valuable in assessing the likelihood of spontaneous recovery are static features such as patient age and etiology of FHF and dynamic features including encephalopathy grade, prothrombin time, and serum bilirubin. Presently, approximately 7% of all liver transplants are done for FHF and the 1-year patient survival rates average 63%, somewhat less than survival rates for nonfulminant liver disease, averaging 78%. The management of patients with FHF is challenging, particularly important being monitoring and early treatment of infections, hemodynamic abnormalities, and brain edema. Innovative approaches to management and therapy include use of cytoprotective or antiviral medications, hepatic support systems, extracorporeal liver support, hepatocyte transplantaauxiliary liver transplantation, and xenotransplantation. None of these are of proven benefit, but many are promising as a means to support the patient with FHF until spontaneous recovery occurs or a suitable liver graft is available for transplantation. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,LIVER TRANSPLANT SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP HOOFNAGLE, JH (reprint author), NIDDKD,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BLDG 31,ROOM 9A23,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 74 TC 404 Z9 419 U1 2 U2 17 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(95)90434-4 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RB788 UT WOS:A1995RB78800036 PM 7806160 ER PT J AU MAST, EE PURDY, MA AF MAST, EE PURDY, MA TI NON-ABCDE HEPATITIS - IS THERE ANOTHER ENTERICALLY TRANSMITTED HEPATITIS-VIRUS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; ATTACKS; AGENTS RP MAST, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 256 EP 257 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RB788 UT WOS:A1995RB78800038 PM 7806162 ER PT J AU TORRONI, A BROWN, MD LOTT, MT NEWMAN, NJ WALLACE, DC AF TORRONI, A BROWN, MD LOTT, MT NEWMAN, NJ WALLACE, DC TI AFRICAN, NATIVE-AMERICAN, AND EUROPEAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS IN CUBANS FROM PINAR-DEL-RIO PROVINCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RECENT EPIDEMIC NEUROPATHY IN CUBA SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE MTDNA VARIATION IN CUBA; ETHNIC-SPECIFIC MTDNA POLYMORPHISMS; CUBAN OPTIC NEUROPATHY ID ENDONUCLEASE CLEAVAGE PATTERNS; BASE PAIR RECOGNITION; RESTRICTION ENZYMES; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATIONS; NEPAL; MIGRATIONS; AFFINITIES; RADIATION; SEQUENCE AB Genetic predisposition, particularly specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) backgrounds, has been proposed as a contributing factor in the expression of an epidemic of bilateral optic neuropathy that has affected residents of Cuba since 1991. To substantiate or refute the possibility that specific subsets of mtDNAs could participate in disease expression, we took advantage of the heterogeneous ethnic origin of the Cuban population and the recent identification of a number of mtDNA polymorphisms that appear to be specific for Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans. The screening of both carefully selected people with epidemic neuropathy and control subjects from the Pinar del Rio Province for these polymorphisms revealed that African, Native American, and European mtDNA haplotypes were equally represented among case and control subjects, and suggested that similar to 50% of Cuban mtDNAs originated from Europeans, 46% from Africans, and 4% from Native Americans. These findings demonstrate that mutations arising in specific mtDNAs are unlikely to play a role in the epidemic neuropathy and indicate that analysis of mtDNA haplotypes can be a valuable tool for assessing the relative maternal contribution of Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans in a mixed population. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET & MOLEC MED,ATLANTA,GA 30332. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSURG,ATLANTA,GA 30332. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DEPT GENET & MOLEC BIOL,ROME,ITALY. CUBAN MINIST PUBL HLTH,HAVANA,CUBA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20514. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RI Torroni, Antonio/E-1557-2011 OI Torroni, Antonio/0000-0002-4163-4478 FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY06360]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 46915]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS21328] NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1002/humu.1380050407 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QZ864 UT WOS:A1995QZ86400006 PM 7627185 ER PT J AU NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K ZAKI, SR KOSTER, FT MADAR, D MERLIN, TL MCFEELEY, PJ UMLAND, ET ZUMWALT, RE AF NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K ZAKI, SR KOSTER, FT MADAR, D MERLIN, TL MCFEELEY, PJ UMLAND, ET ZUMWALT, RE TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE UNITED-STATES - A PATHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF A DISEASE CAUSED BY A NEW AGENT SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; PATHOLOGY; HEMATOPATHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; IMMUNOPHENOTYPE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ID EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; RENAL SYNDROME; ACTIVATION; HANTAAN; VIRUS AB An outbreak of an acute respiratory disease in the southwestern United States has led to the recognition of a new hantaviral illness. This report describes a unique spectrum of antemortem and postmortem pathological findings seen in a case series of nine surviving patients and 13 who died. Clinical, laboratory, and autopsy findings were derived from a consecutive series of individuals confirmed to have hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Laboratory studies included chemical, hematological, and bone marrow analyses as well as flow cytometric and immunohistochemical phenotyping. Autopsy tissues were examined by routine histological stains, immunohistochemical methods, and transmission electron microscopy. The lung is the primary target organ in this illness. Pulmonary abnormalities include pleural effusions, alveolar edema and fibrin, and an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate. Large immunoblast type cells are seen in the lungs, blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. A tetrad of hematological findings includes left-shifted neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration in severe cases, and circulating immunoblasts. In contrast to previously described nephropathic hantaviral syndromes, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is characterized by a unique constellation of pulmonary, hematological, and reticuloendothelial pathological findings. The pulmonary findings are distinguishable from fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome. The data suggest a capillary leak syndrome restricted to the pulmonary circulation. Likewise, the hematological picture is unique and may be valuable in the rapid identification of cases for further diagnostic studies. HUM PATHOL 26:110-120. Copyright (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. LOVELACE HLTH SYST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL EVALUAT & PLANNING,SANTA FE,NM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP NOLTE, KB (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 41 TC 178 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(95)90123-X PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA QB220 UT WOS:A1995QB22000017 PM 7821907 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, JL KENT, J GOOCH, BF VALWAY, SE MARIANOS, DW BUTLER, WR ONORATO, IM AF CLEVELAND, JL KENT, J GOOCH, BF VALWAY, SE MARIANOS, DW BUTLER, WR ONORATO, IM TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN AN HIV DENTAL CLINIC SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTED PATIENTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE:To investigate possible transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a dental setting. DESIGN: A retrospective, descriptive study of dental workers (DWs), patients, and practice characteristics. PATIENTS: Two dental workers (DW1 and DW2) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and MDR-TB. SETTING: A hospital-based (Hospital X) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dental clinic in New York City. METHODS: To identify dental patients with tuberculosis (TB), patients treated in the dental clinic at Hospital X during 1990 were cross-matched with those listed in the New York City Department of Health Tuberculosis Registry. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from both DWs and from dental patients with TB were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Infection control practices were reviewed. RESULTS: M tuberculosis isolates infecting DWI and DW2 were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and had identical RFLP patterns. DW1 and DW2 worked in close proximity to each other in a small HIV dental clinic in Hospital X during 1990. Of 472 patients treated in the dental clinic in 1990, 41 (8.7%) had culture-proven M tuberculosis infection. Of these 41, 5 had isolates with resistance patterns similar to both DWs; however, for four available isolates, the RFLP patterns were different from the patterns of the DWs. Sixteen of the 41 patients received dental treatment while potentially infectious. Dental patients were not routinely questioned about TB by dental staff, nor were all dental staff screened routinely for TB. No supplemental environmental measures for TB were employed in the dental clinic in 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation suggests that MDR-TB transmission may have occurred between two DWs in an HIV dental clinic. Opportunities for transmission of TB among dental staff and patients were identified. TB surveillance programs for DWs and appropriate infection control strategies, including worker education, are needed to monitor and minimize exposure to TB in dental settings providing care to patients at risk for TB C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QA012 UT WOS:A1995QA01200005 PM 7897177 ER PT B AU WASSERHEIT, JN AF WASSERHEIT, JN BE Roizman, B TI EFFECT OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, INCLUDING HIV INFECTION SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN AN AGE OF CHANGE: THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ON DISEASE TRANSMISSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Infectious Diseases In An Age of Change - The Impact of Human Ecology and Behavior on Disease Transmission CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, DC HO NATL ACAD SCI C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05136-3 PY 1995 BP 141 EP 156 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BC57N UT WOS:A1995BC57N00010 ER PT B AU DOWDLE, WR ORENSTEIN, WA AF DOWDLE, WR ORENSTEIN, WA BE Roizman, B TI QUEST FOR LIFE-LONG PROTECTION BY VACCINATION SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN AN AGE OF CHANGE: THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ON DISEASE TRANSMISSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Infectious Diseases In An Age of Change - The Impact of Human Ecology and Behavior on Disease Transmission CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, DC HO NATL ACAD SCI C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05136-3 PY 1995 BP 235 EP 247 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BC57N UT WOS:A1995BC57N00015 ER PT J AU REEF, SE MCNEIL, MM SOBEL, JD PINNER, RW AF REEF, SE MCNEIL, MM SOBEL, JD PINNER, RW TI VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS - AVAILABLE THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; RECURRENT; WOMEN; CLOTRIMAZOLE; CANDIDOSIS; INFECTIONS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DETROIT,MI. RP REEF, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 4 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1097/00019048-199501000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QE144 UT WOS:A1995QE14400008 ER PT J AU ABBEY, DE LEBOWITZ, MD MILLS, PK PETERSEN, FF BEESON, WL BURCHETTE, RJ AF ABBEY, DE LEBOWITZ, MD MILLS, PK PETERSEN, FF BEESON, WL BURCHETTE, RJ TI LONG-TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF PARTICULATES AND OXIDANTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASE IN A COHORT OF NONSMOKING CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity CY JAN 24-25, 1994 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID 7TH-DAY ADVENTIST RESIDENTS; AIR-QUALITY STANDARDS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; POLLUTION; OZONE; POLLUTANTS AB A cohort of 6340 nonsmoking California Seventh-Day Adventists (SDAs) who had resided within 5 miles of their present residence for the past 10 yr has been followed since 1977 for incidence of cancer and myocardial infarction (MI) through 1982; development of definite symptoms of, and increasing severity of, airway obstructive disease (AOD), chronic bronchitis, and asthma through 1987; and all natural cause mortality through 1987. Cumulative ambient concentrations of specific pollutants have been estimated for study participants from 1967 to 1987 by interpolating monthly statistics from statewide air monitoring stations to ZIP codes of residence and work location. Statistics include excess concentrations and exceedance frequencies above a number of cutoffs as well as mean ambient concentration and mean ambient concentration adjusted for time spent indoors. Indoor sources or nitrogen (NO2), and of particulate pollution such as environmental tobacco smoke, both at home and at work, as well as occupational dusts and fumes, have been adjusted for in multivariate statistical models. Particulates included total suspended particulates (TSP), monitored from 1973 to 1987; inhalable particulates less than 10 mu m in diameter (PM-10), estimated from site/seasonal-specific regressions on TSP for 1973-1987; fine particulates less than 2.5 mu m in diameter estimated from airport visibility data for 1967-1987; and suspended sulfates (SO4), monitored from 1977 to 1987. A direct measure of visibility, and gaseous pollutants-ozone, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and (NO2)-monitored from 1973 to 1987 were also included in analyses. No statistically significant associations between any of the disease outcomes studied and NO2 or SO2 were found in this cohort. None of die pollutants studied showed statistically significant associations with all natural cause mortality or incidence of all malignant neoplasms in males. Statistically significant associations were observed between elevated ambient concentrations of one or more particulate pollutants and each of the other disease outcomes. In addition, ozone was significantly associated with increasing severity of asthma, and with the development of asthma in males. Multipollutant analyses indicated that none of the associations between particulate pollutants and disease outcomes were due to correlations with gaseous pollutants studied except possibly for PM2.5 and increasing severity of asthma, which could be due to a correlation with ozone. Observed associations between disease outcomes and PM2.5 or PM-10 could be biased toward the null because of increased measurement error due to their indirect methods of estimation. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP ABBEY, DE (reprint author), LOMA LINDA UNIV,CTR HLTH RES,EVANS HALL,ROOM 204,LOMA LINDA,CA 92350, USA. NR 50 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.3109/08958379509014268 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QC606 UT WOS:A1995QC60600004 ER PT J AU GALINSKY, TL SCHLEIFER, LM PAN, CS AF GALINSKY, TL SCHLEIFER, LM PAN, CS TI THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND FEEDBACK ON SPEED AND ACCURACY IN AN ELECTRONICALLY MONITORED DATA-ENTRY TASK SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 93) CY AUG 08-13, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AT&T, FUJI ELECT CO, JGC CORP, NEC CORP, PURDUE UNIV, UNIV CENT FLORIDA, UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, ACM SIGCAPH, CHINESE ACAD SCI, CHINESE INST IND ENGINEERS, EEC, EUROPEAN STRATEG PROGRAMME RES & DEV INFORM TECHNOL, FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, HUMAN FACTORS SOC, IEEE, INST MANAGEMENT SERV, INST IND ENGINEERS, INTELLIGENT MFG SYST CTR, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT ROBOT & FACTORY AUTOMAT CTR, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN ASSOC MED INFORMAT, JAPAN INST OFF AUTOMAT, JAPAN MANAGEMENT ASSOC, JAPAN SOC HLTH SCI, NIOSH, NATL INST IND HLTH JAPAN, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS JAPAN, SOFTWARE PSYCHOL SOC, SWEDISH CROSS DISCIPLINARY SOC HUMAN COMP INTERACT ID WORK PERFORMANCE; COMPUTER; STRESS AB This study examined performance effects of using electronic performance monitoring (EPM) and feedback to induce compliance with speed and accuracy standards in a data entry task. The study focused on subjects who had difficulty meeting a preestablished data entry speed standard. Subjects performed a data-entry task for 3 days. On the 1st (baseline) day, no performance standards were imposed, and all subjects were instructed to work at their normal speed and accuracy levels. For the 2nd and 3rd days of the experiment, subjects were assigned at random to one of two groups. In an experimental group, EPM and feedback were used to induce compliance with preestablished speed and accuracy standards. In a control group, subjects were unaware of EPM and received no feedback; they were instructed to continue working at their normal speed and accuracy levels. The introduction of EPM work management in the experimental group led to significant increases in data-entry speed that were accompanied by significant increases in data-entry errors. In addition, data-entry errors produced by experimental subjects increased significantly over time during the workdays in which EPM work management was employed. These effects are discussed in terms of relevant research on goal setting and feedback utilization. The results suggest that when performance standards and feedback that emphasize speed more than accuracy are applied in EPM-managed work settings, speed increments may be offset by decrements in work quality. C1 NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. INTERNAL REVENUE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP GALINSKY, TL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ABLEX PUBL CORP PI NORWOOD PA 355 CHESTNUT ST, NORWOOD, NJ 07648 SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput Interact. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA QT381 UT WOS:A1995QT38100002 ER PT J AU FRENCH, SA JEFFERY, RW FOLSOM, AR WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T AF FRENCH, SA JEFFERY, RW FOLSOM, AR WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T TI WEIGHT VARIABILITY IN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE OF OLDER WOMEN - RELIABILITY AND INTERCORRELATION OF MEASURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE WEIGHT CYCLING; WEIGHT VARIABILITY; DIETING; WEIGHT LOSS; OBESITY ID BODY-WEIGHT; FOLLOW-UP; RISK-FACTORS; MEN; ACCURACY; FRAMINGHAM; LONGEVITY; OBESITY; DISEASE; REGAIN AB Six measures of weight variability were examined in a cohort of 29,015 postmenopausal women, Recalled weight at ages 18, 30, 40 and 50 years, current weight at baseline and at each of three biennial follow ups (approximate ages 62, 64, 66, 68 years), and recalled episodes of intentional and unintentional weight loss were used to construct (1) the coefficient of variation (CV) in body weight, (2) weight change categories (cycling, weight gain, weight loss and stable weight), (3) the root mean square error of variation (RMSE) around the slope of weight versus age, (4) the number of intentional weight loss episodes of 5 or more pounds, (5) the number of unintentional weight loss episodes of 20 or more pounds and (6) a categorical measure of intentional and unintentional weight loss episodes of >= 20 lb, The nine-month test-retest reliability correlations for the measures of lifetime history of intentional and unintentional weight loss were 0.80 and 0.62, respectively. Correlations between the different weight variability measures were positive but weak, suggesting that they reflect different aspects of weight variability. The RMSE discriminated categorically defined cyclers from weight gainers, but the CV did not, The weight change categories were more sensitive to age-related weight changes than the CV dr RMSE, Studies examining the relationship between weight variability and health outcomes need to include measures that distinguish intentionality, short-term versus long term variability, and the magnitude, direction, and frequency of weight change. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FRENCH, SA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1300 S SECOND ST,SUITE 300,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA39742] NR 32 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QD770 UT WOS:A1995QD77000005 PM 7719387 ER PT J AU SEO, JJ GHIM, TT PHILLIP, C ZAKI, S JAMES, CD AF SEO, JJ GHIM, TT PHILLIP, C ZAKI, S JAMES, CD TI VERIFICATION OF FALSE-NEGATIVE KARYOTYPE FROM BONE-MARROW SLIDE SMEARS OF A PRE-B ALL PATIENT BY RT-PCR DETECTION OF E2A-PBX1 FUSION TRANSCRIPT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; T(1-19)(Q23-P13); ABNORMALITIES; HYBRIDIZATION; CELLS AB Purpose: To elucidate the possibility of false negative karyotype, we analyzed the RNA recovered from archival bone marrow (BM) slides of a pre-B ALL patient whose karyotype failed to reveal chromosomal abnormalities at initial diagnosis and the t(1;19) at relapse. Patients and Methods: All the clinical and biological parameters at initial diagnosis, including a karyotype that was regarded as normal, indicated that the patient had a standard risk. Although the patient achieved remission state with standard induction therapy, she eventually relapsed while on the maintenance phase of therapy at which time a t(1;19) karyotype was determined. Despite several intensive chemotherapeutic trials, the patient never achieved remission again. The total RNA was isolated from archival BM slide smears using glycogen as carrier and the t(1;19)-associated E2A-PBX1 fusion transcript was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The expected 161 bp E2A-PBX1 fragments were amplified from BM slide smears of both initial diagnosis and relapse. The identity of E2A-PBX1 transcript was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Conclusions: These results indicate that RT-PCR analysis can complement classic cytogenetics for the diagnosis of prognostically significant chromosomal translocations in leukemia, and the utility of archival clinical specimens. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV MED GENET,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEO, JJ (reprint author), CHUNGNAM NATL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,640 DAESA DONG,TAEJON 301040,SOUTH KOREA. RI James, Charles/E-2721-2012 OI James, Charles/0000-0002-1027-203X NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1070-2903 J9 INT J PEDIAT HEM ONC JI Int. J. Pediatr. Hematol-Oncol. PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA RJ127 UT WOS:A1995RJ12700001 ER PT J AU VANDAMME, P DANESHVAR, MI DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ KERSTERS, K GOOSSENS, H MOSS, CW AF VANDAMME, P DANESHVAR, MI DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ KERSTERS, K GOOSSENS, H MOSS, CW TI CHEMOTAXONOMIC ANALYSES OF BACTEROIDES-GRACILIS AND BACTEROIDES-UREOLYTICUS AND RECLASSIFICATION OF B-GRACILIS AS CAMPYLOBACTER-GRACILIS COMB-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; WOLINELLA-RECTA; EIKENELLA-CORRODENS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; GENUS BACTEROIDES; PROTEIN-PATTERNS; CONCISUS AB The cellular fatty acids, respiratory quinones, and proteins of the generically misnamed taxa Bacteroides gracilis and Backteroides ureolyticus were analyzed and compared with the corresponding chemotaxonomic features of their closest relatives, the campylobacters. Our results and previously published data for genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were used in a polyphasic approach to reconsider the classification of these organisms. We transfer B. gracilis to the genus Campylobacter as Campylobacter gracilis comb. nov. B. ureolyticus can be considered a campylobacter on genotypic grounds; in contrast, the proteolytic metabolism and fatty acid components of this taxon exclude it from the genus Campylobacter. We prefer to consider this taxon a species incertae sedis pending the isolation and characterization of additional B. ureolyticus-like bacteria. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FORSYTH DENT CTR,DEPT MOLEC GENET,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP VANDAMME, P (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,MICROBIOL LAB,KL LEDEGANCKSTR 35,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. RI Vandamme, Peter/B-7967-2009; OI Vandamme, Peter/0000-0002-5581-7937 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 1 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QB873 UT WOS:A1995QB87300025 PM 7857794 ER PT J AU SCHMID, GP AF SCHMID, GP TI UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS OF ECONOMIC-EVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Cost-Effectiveness and AIDS - Science or Marketing CY JAN 28, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC DE ECONOMIC EVALUATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; DECISION TREE; DECISION ANALYSIS AB Economic evaluation (EE) answers the following simple question: ''From which course of action do we get the most value for our money?'' We ask this question because resources are always limited, i.e., we never have enough money to do all the things we would like to do. Three types of economic evaluations are used: cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. Although all involve a monetary and outcome comparison of two or more courses of action, the methodologies and outcomes of each type vary, making each one particularly suited for specific and different indications. Although the performance of an EE may be complex, its concept is intuitively simple. Understanding the basic elements of economic analysis is more and more important to all health-care providers because health-care policy makers at all levels are increasingly using EE for allocating resources. RP SCHMID, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,PROGRAM EVALUAT & PREVENT HLTH SERV RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PY 1995 VL 10 SU 4 BP S6 EP S13 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TJ795 UT WOS:A1995TJ79500003 PM 7493197 ER PT J AU KATZ, MH CHANG, SW BUCHBINDER, SP HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS AF KATZ, MH CHANG, SW BUCHBINDER, SP HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS TI HEALTH-INSURANCE AND USE OF MEDICAL-SERVICES BY MEN INFECTED WITH HIV SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INSURANCE; ZIDOVUDINE; PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA PROPHYLAXIS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE AZT; BISEXUAL MEN; AIDS; COHORT; COST AB Among 178 HIV-infected men from the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (SFCCC), we examined the association between health insurance and use of outpatient services and treatment. For men with private insurance, we also assessed the frequency of avoiding the use of health insurance. Men without private insurance reported fewer outpatient visits than men with fee-for-service or managed-care plans. Use of zidovudine for eligible men was similar for those with fee-for-service plans (74%), managed-care plans (77%), or no insurance (61%). Use of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis was similar for those with fee-for-service (93%) and managed-care plans (83%) but lower for those with no insurance (63%). Of 149 men with private insurance, 31 (21%) reported that they had avoided using their health insurance for medical expenses in the previous year. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of avoiding the use of insurance were working for a small company and living outside the San Francisco Bay Area. Having private insurance resulted in higher use of outpatient services, but the type of private insurance did not appear to affect the use of service or treatment. Fears of loss of coverage and confidentiality may negate some benefits of health insurance for HIV-infected persons. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KATZ, MH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN 1 PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QA526 UT WOS:A1995QA52600009 PM 8548347 ER PT J AU OSHIMA, KH COMANS, TW HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW AF OSHIMA, KH COMANS, TW HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW TI REMOVAL OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS BY AN 0.04-MU-M MEMBRANE-FILTER SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Note DE VIRAL FILTRATION; HIV CONTAMINATION; BLOOD-BORNE VIRUS ID SYNDROME AIDS; QUANTITATION; RETROVIRUS; BLOOD AB We tested the ability of a 0.04-mu m nylon membrane filter to remove human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from tissue culture media containing 10% fetal calf serum. Endpoint titrations of infectious virus (ID50) were performed on lymphocyte cultures. The presence of virus in the cultures was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) of the HIV-1 P24 core antigen. In repeated experiments, filtration of the virus suspension resulted in the removal of HIV below detectable limits. The titer reduction was estimated to be greater than 8.5 x 10(2). These results suggest that this filter is effective in removing HIV from fluids containing serum or serum products. C1 PALL CORP,SCI LAB SERV,GLEN COVE,NY. RP OSHIMA, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN 1 PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QA526 UT WOS:A1995QA52600010 PM 8548348 ER PT J AU WANG, F SO, Y VITTINGHOFF, E MALANI, H REINGOLD, A LEWIS, E GIORDANO, J JANSSEN, R AF WANG, F SO, Y VITTINGHOFF, E MALANI, H REINGOLD, A LEWIS, E GIORDANO, J JANSSEN, R TI INCIDENCE PROPORTION OF AND RISK-FACTORS FOR AIDS PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH HIV DEMENTIA, CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS, AND CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV DEMENTIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TOXOPLASMOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; INCIDENCE PROPORTION; RISK FACTOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; COMPLEX; INFECTION; AZT AB We undertook this study to determine the incidence proportion of and risk factors for AIDS patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia, central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis. A historical cohort of 487 consecutive inpatients with AIDS treated by San Francisco General Hospital inpatient and outpatient services entered the study. We abstracted all available records for demographic information, diagnoses, and dates of death and estimated the incidence proportion of AIDS patients diagnosed with major CNS complications using the Kaplan-Meier method. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the effect of demographic factors on the hazard (risk per unit time) of diagnosis with these CNS conditions. The estimated incidence proportion of patients diagnosed with HIV dementia within 1 and 2 years of AIDS diagnosis increased from 0.10 to 0.18. Corresponding proportions were 0.10 and 0.19 for CNS toxoplasmosis and 0.10 and 0.14 for cryptococcal meningitis. Only HIV dementia was independently associated with increasing age at AIDS diagnosis (relative hazard [RH] of 2.75 for ages 41-50 [95% confidence interval, 1.08-6.98]; RH of 4.73 for ages >50 [95% confidence interval, 1.41-15.87]) and with injection drug use (RH of 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.47). HIV dementia, CNS toxoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis are about equally common complications in patients with AIDS, but only HIV dementia is associated with increasing age at AIDS diagnosis and injection drug use. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN 1 PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QA526 UT WOS:A1995QA52600012 PM 8548350 ER PT J AU KENNY, LC BARTLEY, DL AF KENNY, LC BARTLEY, DL TI THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AEROSOL SAMPLERS TESTED WITH MONODISPERSE AEROSOLS SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUST AB Performance requirements are currently being established for instruments used for the particle size-selective sampling of potentially hazardous aerosols in workplaces. In this paper, two methods for the estimation of the sampler performance characteristics bias, imprecision and accuracy are described, for aerosol sampler evaluation data obtained from experiments carried out with monodisperse test aerosols. Application of the methods is illustrated using experimental data for two sampler types, the MRE 113A static respirable sampler and the PM-10 ambient aerosol sampler. Where both methods can be applied to the same data, the estimates obtained using the two methods are in broad agreement. The small number of data points obtained in typical monodisperse-aerosol experiments leads to large uncertainties in the estimated performance characteristics. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP KENNY, LC (reprint author), HLTH & SAFETY EXECUT,HLTH & SAFETY LAB,BROAD LANE,SHEFFIELD S3 7HQ,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(94)E0071-5 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK933 UT WOS:A1995QK93300009 ER PT J AU WEYANT, RS HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE AMIN, MFM STEIGERWALT, AG OCONNOR, SP WHITNEY, AM DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW BRENNER, DJ AF WEYANT, RS HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE AMIN, MFM STEIGERWALT, AG OCONNOR, SP WHITNEY, AM DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW BRENNER, DJ TI BORDETELLA HOLMESII SP-NOV, A NEW GRAM-NEGATIVE SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH SEPTICEMIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA OPERON; GEN-NOV; COMB-NOV; SEQUENCE; NEISSERIA; BACTERIA; PROPOSAL; FAMILY; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB CDC nonoxidizer group 2 (NO-2) currently consists of 15 gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-negative, asaccharolytic, brown soluble pigment-producing strains isolated from blood cultures, usually from young adults, On the basis of their cellular fatty acid profiles, NO 2 strains formed a single group that was identical with the profile of Bordetella avium. 16S rRNA sequencing of one NO-2 strain and the type strains of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. avium showed a high degree of homology (greater than or equal to 98% over 1,525 bases). The NO-2 guanine-plus-cytosine content (61.5 to 62.3 mol%) and major ubiquinone analysis (ubiquinone-8) results were both consistent with those for the genus Bordetella. DNA relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method) confirmed a close relatedness between NO-2 and Bordetella species and demonstrated that NO-2 strains were a single ne rv species. The name B. holmesii sp. nov. is proposed for CDC group NO-2. C1 UNIV GIZA,EL MOHNDSEEN,EGYPT. RP WEYANT, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200001 PM 7699023 ER PT J AU ANDO, T MONROE, SS GENTSCH, JR JIN, Q LEWIS, DC GLASS, RI AF ANDO, T MONROE, SS GENTSCH, JR JIN, Q LEWIS, DC GLASS, RI TI DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ANTIGENICALLY DISTINCT SMALL ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES (NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES) BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR AND SOUTHERN HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SNOW MOUNTAIN AGENT; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; OUTBREAKS; PARTICLE; STOOLS AB Application of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect small round structured viruses (SRSVs) from fecal specimens of patients with gastroenteritis has been insensitive because of the tremendous sequence heterogeneity between strains. We have designed two RT-PCR primer sets (G-1 and G-2) based on the nucleotide sequence diversity in the RNA polymerase gene of SRSVs belonging to two distinct genogroups represented by Norwalk virus (primers G-1) and Snow Mountain agent (primers G-2). All 22 SRSV strains examined that had been classified previously by solid-phase immune electron microscopy into four antigenic types (UK1, UK2, UK3, and UK4) could be detected by RT-PCR with these two primer sets. The G-l primer set detected 6 UK2 strains, and the G-2 primers detected 16 strains, including 7 UK1, 5 UK3, and 4 UK4 strains. On the basis of nucleotide sequences of 81-bp fragments of the RT-PCR products from 13 strains determined in this study, together with those previously reported for 17 SRSV strains, we designed four sets of internal oligonucleotide probes (P1-A, P1-B, P2-A, and P2-B) for Southern hybridization, using chemiluminescent detection. The P1-A probe hybridized with PCR products from the UK2 strains; the P1-B probe, with products from two of the seven UK1 strains; the P2-A probe, with four of the remaining five UK1 strains; and the P2-B probe, with products from both UK3 and UK4 strains, as well as with one strain originally typed as UR1,which showed cross-reactivity with UK4 upon retesting by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. RT-PCR, with both the G-l and the G-2 primer sets can increase the detection rate of the many antigenically distinct SRSVs and, when combined with Southern hybridization, may predict the antigenic type of the SRSV associated with infection. C1 PUBL HLTH LAB,LEEDS LS15 7TR,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP ANDO, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 37 TC 315 Z9 320 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200014 PM 7699068 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, BM WEYANT, RS STEIGERWALT, AG MOSS, CW HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE ASHFORD, D BRENNER, DJ AF ANDERSEN, BM WEYANT, RS STEIGERWALT, AG MOSS, CW HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE ASHFORD, D BRENNER, DJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NEISSERIA-ELONGATA SUBSP GLYCOLYTICA ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM HUMAN WOUND SPECIMENS AND BLOOD CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOV; M-6 AB Four slightly yellow-pigmented, alpha-hemolytic, gram-negative coccobacilli, three from wound specimens and one from multiple blood cultures of a patient with endocarditis, were identified as Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolgtica on the basis of their overall biochemical and genetic similarities to this subspecies, These strains resembled N. elongata in their guanine-plus-cytosine contents (55.6 to 57.1 mol%) and in their overall cellular fatty acid profiles, which are characterized by large amounts of 16:0, 16:1 omega 7c, and 18:l omega 7c fatty acids, Their identities were confirmed by species-level DNA relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) to the type strains of all three N. elongata subspecies, The biochemical profiles and cultural characteristics of these strains resembled those of the type strain of N. elongata subsp. glycolytica except for the production of a weak yellow growth pigment and alpha-hemolysis on sheep blood agar, They differed from N. elongata subsp, elongata by the production of catalase, by the production of alpha-hemolysis on sheep blood agar, and by acid production from D-glucose, They differed from N. elongata subsp, nitroreducens by the production of catalase and an inability to reduce nitrate, These studies suggest a pathogenic potential for N. elongata subsp, glycolytica, usually considered to be a transient colonizer in humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TROMSO HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,N-9000 TROMSO,NORWAY. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200016 PM 7699070 ER PT J AU RHODEN, DL MILLER, JM AF RHODEN, DL MILLER, JM TI 4-YEAR PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF STAPH-IDENT SYSTEM AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS, STOMATOCOCCUS, AND MICROCOCCUS SPP SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; MEMBERS AB A 4-year prospective study compared the accuracy of the STAPH-IDENT system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) with that of the reference procedure of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the identification of Staphylococcus species, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, and Micrococcus species, The study compared the results from 1,106 cultures (500 eye cultures, 217 strains submitted for reference identification, and 389 known stock strains) representing 21 species of the family Micrococcaceae. The overall agreement of genus and species identifications was 81.1%, The percent agreement for the five most common clinical isolates was as follows: Staphylococcus epidermidis, 97.1% (517 isolates); Staphylacoccus hominis, 82.5% (57 isolates); Staphylococcus aureus, 77.2% (162 isolates); Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 75.8% (61 isolates); and Staphylococcus warneri, 64.1% (39 isolates). The lowest percent agreement was with Staphylococcus cohnii (11.1%; (9 isolates), Of the 217 isolates sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for identification, 60.4% (131) were correctly identified by the STAPH-IDENT system. Of these, S. epidermidis accounted for 23.9%, S. aureus accounted for 15.6%, S. warneri accounted for 6.9%, Staphylococcus lugdunensis accounted for 6.5%, S. haemolyticus accounted for 5.5%, and S. hominis accounted for 4.1%, The STAPH-IDENT system did not perform adequately when dealing with commonly encountered organisms and is unsuitable for identifying uncommon isolates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200020 PM 7699074 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC ALLEN, SD TENOVER, FC JORGENSEN, JH RELLER, LB AF BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC ALLEN, SD TENOVER, FC JORGENSEN, JH RELLER, LB TI INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR TESTING BACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE FLUOROQUINOLONE PD131628 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PD-131628; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINAFLOXACIN; SPARFLOXACIN; CI-960 AB For testing bacterial susceptibility to PD131628, a 5-mu g disk and the following tentative interpretive criteria may be used: greater than or equal to 19 mm for susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 1.0 mu g/ml), 16 to 18 mm for intermediate (MIC, 2.0 mu g/ml), and less than or equal to 15 mm for resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 4.0 mu g/ml). For standard quality control strains, the following limits are proposed: for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, zones of 31 to 41 mm or a MIC of 0.002 to 0.016 mu g/ml; for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, zones of 26 to 34 mm or a MIC of 0.12 to 0.5 mu g/ml; for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, zones of 27 to 33 mm; for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, a MIC of 0.03 to 0.12 mu g/ml; and for Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, a MIC of 0.12 to 0.5 mu g/ml. C1 ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200051 PM 7699050 ER PT J AU OHARA, CM ROMAN, SB MILLER, JM AF OHARA, CM ROMAN, SB MILLER, JM TI ABILITY OF COMMERCIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS TO IDENTIFY NEWLY RECOGNIZED SPECIES OF CITROBACTER SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The genus Citrobacter was recently determined to contain 11 genetically distinct species. In addition, the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology no longer recognizes C. diversus and has, instead, validated the name C. koseri in its place. The 11 species are C. freundii, C. koseri, C. amalonaticus, C. farmeri, C. youngae, C. braakii, C. werkmanii, C. sedlakii, and three unnamed groups, genomospecies 9, 10, and 11. To determine the ease,vith which some identification systems could respond to these changes, me evaluated five systems for their potential ability to recognize current species in the genus Citrobacter. A simple dichotomous key using conventional biochemicals is presented that may be helpful to presumptively identify Citrobacter strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT MED TECHNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 242 EP 245 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PX472 UT WOS:A1995PX47200053 PM 7699052 ER PT J AU GOOCH, B SIEW, C CLEVELAND, J GRUNINGER, S LOCKWOOD, S AF GOOCH, B SIEW, C CLEVELAND, J GRUNINGER, S LOCKWOOD, S TI OCCUPATIONAL BLOOD CONTACT REPORTED BY ORAL SURGEONS - UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. AMER DENT ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60611. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1995 VL 74 SI SI BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA QA008 UT WOS:A1995QA00800083 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, J SIEW, C LOCKWOOD, S GRUNINGER, S GOOCH, B AF CLEVELAND, J SIEW, C LOCKWOOD, S GRUNINGER, S GOOCH, B TI TRENDS IN HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION AMONG UNITED-STATES DENTISTS, 1983-1992 SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. AMER DENT ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60611. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1995 VL 74 SI SI BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA QA008 UT WOS:A1995QA00800887 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B TENOVER, FC OLSEN, I RASHEED, JK AF OLSVIK, B TENOVER, FC OLSEN, I RASHEED, JK TI 3 DIFFERENT TET(M) SUBTYPES IDENTIFIED IN PERIODONTAL BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV OSLO,OSLO 3,NORWAY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1995 VL 74 SI SI BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA QT081 UT WOS:A1995QT08100354 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI VIOLENCE IN AMERICA - AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th National Conference on Health Care for the Poor and Underserved - Preventing Violence and Abusive Behavior: A Public Health Agenda/Lloyd C Elam Mental Health Symposium and I Have a Future Adolescent Health Promotion Program CY OCT 03-05, 1994 CL NASHVILLE, TN DE VIOLENCE; RISK FACTORS; YOUTH VIOLENCE; PREVENTION; INTERVENTION; PEER MEDIATION; MENTORING; FIREARMS; COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HOME AB Violence in our country has reached epidemic proportions, especially among our youth. Of 22 industrialized nations, the United States has the highest homicide rate among young males 15 to 24 years of age. To reduce the incidence of violence, we must radically shift our approach to emphasize prevention and intervention. There are several ways of achieving violence reduction through these means. The scientific approach requires the determination of causation and risk factors to shed light on the patterns of violence and the effects on subgroups of the population. Also required is the development of targeted programs aimed at specific high-risk populations. In the area of youth violence intervention, programs must focus on young children and their parents, often children themselves, to prompt appropriate changes in knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Community-based programs can go a step further to initiate changes in the social environment that will create opportunities for adequate housing, job training or employment, or academic achievement. These efforts exemplify the notion that violence is not a factor of race, but rather is based on socioeconomic factors, particularly poverty and racism. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RJ926 UT WOS:A1995RJ92600002 PM 7795022 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI VIOLENCE IN AMERICA - AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTION - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Discussion C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RJ926 UT WOS:A1995RJ92600003 ER PT J AU FRIDAY, JC AF FRIDAY, JC TI THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF VIOLENCE IN UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th National Conference on Health Care for the Poor and Underserved - Preventing Violence and Abusive Behavior: A Public Health Agenda/Lloyd C Elam Mental Health Symposium and I Have a Future Adolescent Health Promotion Program CY OCT 03-05, 1994 CL NASHVILLE, TN DE INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE; SUICIDE; HOMICIDE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; CHILD ABUSE ID VICTIMIZATION AB There is striking evidence that violence has a psychological impact on children and young adults in the United States, particularly those in underserved communities, Homicide is the second leading cause of death of all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years and is the leading cause among African American youth. In 1990, more young African American men died from homicides than from all natural causes combined. Research indicates a number of factors that can predispose children to a lifetime of violence and criminal activity, including poverty, substance abuse, poor parenting skills, placement outside the home, and improper peer interaction. Evidence also indicates that early intervention through school health programs, community support systems, and, most importantly, proper parental supervision and interaction can reduce the incidence of violence and thereby the negative psychological impact violence has on children. RP FRIDAY, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TA218 UT WOS:A1995TA21800002 PM 7495934 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW AF BRADLEY, DW TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS - A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR VIROLOGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY OF A NOVEL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VI International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis CY FEB 03-05, 1994 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE HEPATITIS E VIRUS, BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR PROPERTIES; SEROLOGY; IMMUNOLOGY ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; FUSION PROTEIN; INSECT CELLS; HEV; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; EPITOPES AB Our basic understanding of the biology, molecular virology, and immunology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is briefly reviewed. HEV is a small, round, nonenveloped virus with morphologic and biophysical properties most similar to viruses found in the family Caliciviridae, The genome of HEV is approximately 7.5 kb in length and consists of a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA molecule that contains three distinct open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3) that appear to encode for nonstructural and structural proteins based on the presence of well-defined consensus motifs and genomic organization similar to those of other calici- or calici-like viruses. Limited epitope mapping of the viral genome with synthetic peptides has revealed the presence of highly immunoreactive type-common and type-specific epitopes; these finding are consistent with the results of other studies that used recombinant expressed proteins from both the nonstructural and structural regions of the derived viral proteins encoded by ORFs 1, 2, and 3. Synthetic peptides and recombinant expressed proteins have been used to develop Western blot assays and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of IgA, IgG, and IgM anti-HEV in human and primate sera. Knowledge of the dynamics of HEV antigen and antibody expression in experimentally-infected primates is emerging, and prototype vaccines have been developed with recombinant expressed ORF2 and ORF3 proteins. Limited seroprevalence studies of anti-HEV in endemic and nonendemic regions of the world using one or more of the above assays has revealed a strong correlation between level of sanitation and incidence of disease and prevalence of anti-HEV. (C) Journal of Hepatology. RP BRADLEY, DW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0169-5185 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 1995 VL 22 SU 1 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA QP392 UT WOS:A1995QP39200027 PM 7602068 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW GREENE, RM PILCHER, JB AF TSANG, VCW GREENE, RM PILCHER, JB TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE COVALENT CONJUGATING PROCEDURE (NAIO4) OF HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE TO ANTIBODIES FOR USE IN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE PEROXIDASE; CONJUGATE; IMMUNOASSAY; ELISA; HIV; IMMUNOBLOT ID IMMUNOASSAYS; BINDING; ELISA AB The procedure for covalent conjugation of horseradish peroxidase (POD) to goat anti-human IgG (GAHG) molecules was systematically optimized in terms of reactant molar ratio, time of reaction, pH, and temperature. The optimum conjugation procedure was defined by the conditions that produced an enzyme-labeled Ab with the highest specific activity in immunosorbent assays for normal human IgG (NHIgG). The best conditions are: Sodium meta-periodate (NaIO4) to Ab molar ratio during oxidation is 40:1; time of oxidation is 5 min at 37 degrees C; oxidation reaction is conducted at pH 5.0; the molar ratio of POD:GAHG is 6:1; the conjugation time is 24 h at 4 degrees C; and the optimal conjugation pH is 10.0. A conjugate constructed under these conditions is capable of generating 1.8 and 12.6 times more specific signals (Delta A(650nm)/min) than the best and worst commercial conjugates, respectively.;This conjugate is also able to detect NHIgG at a concentration of 2.25 x 10(-13) M, a sensitivity 25 times that achieved by most comparable commercial products in identical assays. RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 395 EP 418 DI 10.1080/15321819508013570 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA TB212 UT WOS:A1995TB21200004 PM 8567986 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LJ HEILMAN, CA AF ANDERSON, LJ HEILMAN, CA TI PROTECTIVE AND DISEASE-ENHANCING IMMUNE-RESPONSES TO RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC SUBGROUP-A; PULMONARY PATHOLOGY; COTTON RATS; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RSV CHALLENGE; BALB/C MICE; N-PROTEINS; T-CELLS; INFECTION AB The National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization jointly sponsored a workshop on protective and disease-enhancing immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The primary purpose of the meeting was to discuss protective and disease-enhancing immune responses to RSV in the context of opportunities and barriers to the development of RSV vaccines. Although both live attenuated and subunit vaccines have been developed, it is not yet clear if any of these vaccines will be safe and effective. The fact that neither the disease-enhancing nor the protective immune response to RSV is well understood or well characterized is an important barrier to development of these vaccines. Studies in animal model systems and newly developed immunologic tools, however, provide hope that these barriers can be overcome and a safe and effective RSV vaccine can be developed. C1 NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD. RP ANDERSON, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ROOM 144,MAILSTOP G17,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PZ873 UT WOS:A1995PZ87300001 PM 7798649 ER PT J AU XU, ZY DUAN, SC MARGOLIS, HS PURCELL, RH OUYANG, PY COLEMAN, PJ ZHUANG, YL XU, HF QIAN, SG ZHU, QR WAN, CY LIU, CB GUN, ZL HUANG, CH ZHANG, ZJ REN, SL FRANCIS, DP MAYNARD, JE GERIN, JL HADLER, SC FIELDS, HA JOHNSON, L AF XU, ZY DUAN, SC MARGOLIS, HS PURCELL, RH OUYANG, PY COLEMAN, PJ ZHUANG, YL XU, HF QIAN, SG ZHU, QR WAN, CY LIU, CB GUN, ZL HUANG, CH ZHANG, ZJ REN, SL FRANCIS, DP MAYNARD, JE GERIN, JL HADLER, SC FIELDS, HA JOHNSON, L TI LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF ACTIVE POSTEXPOSURE IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS FOR PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE GLOBULIN; CARRIER MOTHERS; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; HBEAG; STATE; HBSAG; BORN AB Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributes to the high prevalence of chronic infection in China and many other countries. In a placebo-controlled trial among 166 infants, the 12-month efficacy of active postexposure prophylaxis to prevent chronic perinatal HBV infection varied by vaccine (range, 45%-89%). In a 5-year follow-up study, 2 additional infants became chronically infected with HBV, and the efficacy of active prophylaxis was estimated to be 38% and 72% for the two vaccines at 5 years. In addition, 80% of immunized infants continued to have protective levels of antibody at the end of 5 years. However, among 27 infants who received passive-active immunoprophylaxis with high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin, only 60% (11/19) had protective antibody levels. These data indicate that active postexposure immunization initiated soon after birth continues to provide protection during early childhood when there is a high risk of chronic HBV infection. C1 SHANGHAI MED UNIV,PEDIAT HOSP,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA. SHANGHAI MED UNIV,GYNECOL & OBSTET HOSP,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA. NATL ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. BEIJING INST VACCINE & SERUM,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PZ873 UT WOS:A1995PZ87300009 PM 7798683 ER PT J AU WATANABEOHNISHI, R LOW, DE MCGEER, A STEVENS, DL SCHLIEVERT, PM NEWTON, D SCHWARTZ, B KREISWIRTH, B SCRIVER, S GREEN, K CANN, D GOLD, W DEMERS, B SIMOR, A LOVGREN, M TALBOT, J KOTB, M AF WATANABEOHNISHI, R LOW, DE MCGEER, A STEVENS, DL SCHLIEVERT, PM NEWTON, D SCHWARTZ, B KREISWIRTH, B SCRIVER, S GREEN, K CANN, D GOLD, W DEMERS, B SIMOR, A LOVGREN, M TALBOT, J KOTB, M TI SELECTIVE DEPLETION OF V-BETA-BEARING T-CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE INVASIVE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS AND STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN-A; SCARLET FEVER TOXIN; GENE USAGE; CLONAL DELETION; PYOGENES BACTEREMIA; LYMPHOCYTES-T; HUMAN-DISEASE; RECEPTOR AB The V beta repertoire of T cells of patients with gram-positive group A streptococcal (GAS) and non-GAS infections was analyzed to seek evidence for the role of superantigens in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. No evidence of VB overexpression but a consistent pattern of depletion of V beta 1, V beta 5.1 and V beta 12 was observed in patients with severe GAS infections, This pattern of V beta depletion was not observed in patients with nonsevere GAS infections or with severe non-GAS gram-positive infections. T cells from patients with severe GAS infections showed evidence of apoptosis; no apoptosis was found when there was no evidence of V beta depletion. There was no correlation with streptococcal M or T serotype or known spe genes. The depletion of specific V beta-hearing T cells in patients with severe GAS infections supports the role of a superantigen in these infections. The in vivo pattern of VP specificity implicates a novel superantigen(s) in this disease. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT SURG,MEMPHIS,TN 38104. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MEMPHIS,TN. VET ADM MED CTR,MEMPHIS,TN. MT SINAI HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. PRINCESS MARGARET HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. VET ADM MED CTR,BOISE,ID. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. TB CTR,PUBL HLTH RES INST,NEW YORK,NY. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-38530] NR 72 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PZ873 UT WOS:A1995PZ87300012 PM 7798684 ER PT J AU POPOVIC, T FIELDS, PI OLSVIK, O WELLS, JG EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN FARMER, JJ BOPP, CA WACHSMUTH, K SACK, RB ALBERT, MJ NAIR, GB SHIMADA, T FEELEY, JC AF POPOVIC, T FIELDS, PI OLSVIK, O WELLS, JG EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN FARMER, JJ BOPP, CA WACHSMUTH, K SACK, RB ALBERT, MJ NAIR, GB SHIMADA, T FEELEY, JC TI MOLECULAR SUBTYPING OF TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O139 CAUSING EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN INDIA AND BANGLADESH, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; NON-01; BENGAL; TOXIN AB Since October 1992, >150,000 cases of cholera have been reported from India and Bangladesh; the great majority of Vibrio cholerae isolates belong to the newly established serogroup O139. To better understand the interaction of genetic and epidemiologic factors responsible for their sudden appearance and rapid spread, representative toxigenic V. cholerae O139 isolates were molecularly characterized and compared with a set of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 strains. DNA sequences of the cholera toxin B subunit gene and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis markers of V. cholerae O139 strains were identical to those of V. cholerae O1 isolates of the seventh pandemic. Two distinct ribotypes and four pulsed-field gel electrophoretic patterns were observed for O139 strains. V. cholerae O139 strains were very similar to V. cholerae O1 strains of the seventh pandemic but clearly different from the toxigenic V.cholerae strains of serogroups other than O1 and O139. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. NATL INST CHOLERA & ENTER DIS,CALCUTTA,W BENGAL,INDIA. NATL INST HLTH,ENTER INFECT LAB,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP POPOVIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DBMD,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,BLDG 1,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PZ873 UT WOS:A1995PZ87300018 PM 7528249 ER PT J AU TONDELLA, MLC QUINN, FD PERKINS, BA AF TONDELLA, MLC QUINN, FD PERKINS, BA TI BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER CAUSED BY HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS STRAINS LACKING THE 3031-PLASMID SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AUSTRALIA AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a life-threatening pediatric infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae), an organism formerly associated with only self-limited purulent conjunctivitis. Strains of Hae causing BPF have a 24-MDa plasmid with a specific AccI restriction pattern designated 3031. This plasmid was thought to code for a virulence factor because it had been detected only among Hae strains isolated from BPF cases or their contacts. From 3 typical BPF cases recently identified in Sao Paulo State, sterile-site Hae isolates were obtained; these isolates were similar to earlier BPF-associated Hae except they did not possess a 3031 plasmid. HindIII restricted chromosomal DNA from these strains was probed with purified 3031 plasmid DNA under high-stringency conditions. There was no evidence that 3031 plasmid DNA had become chromosomally integrated. It appears that the 3031 plasmid does not code for BPF-specific virulence factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ADOLFO LUTZ INST,DIV BACTERIAL,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PZ873 UT WOS:A1995PZ87300032 PM 7798665 ER PT J AU HURRELL, JJ AF HURRELL, JJ TI POLICE WORK, OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND INDIVIDUAL COPING SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT RP HURRELL, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0894-3796 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV JI J. Organ. Behav. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1002/job.4030160105 PG 2 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA QD708 UT WOS:A1995QD70800002 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE AF Nelson, DE TI Growing up tobacco free - Lynch,BS, Bonnie,RJ SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Book Review RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY PI S BURLINGTON PA 208 MEADOWOOD DR, S BURLINGTON, VT 05403 SN 0197-5897 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 492 EP 493 DI 10.2307/3342623 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TT904 UT WOS:A1995TT90400006 ER PT J AU HERTZMAN, PA KAUFMAN, LD LOVE, LA MEASE, PJ PHILEN, RM PINCUS, T ROSENBERG, NL SILVER, R VARGA, J CLAUW, DJ AF HERTZMAN, PA KAUFMAN, LD LOVE, LA MEASE, PJ PHILEN, RM PINCUS, T ROSENBERG, NL SILVER, R VARGA, J CLAUW, DJ TI THE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - GUIDELINES FOR PATIENT-CARE SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRYPTOPHAN; MANIFESTATIONS; SPECTRUM C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. MINOR & JAMES MED CLIN,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RHEUMATOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. COLORADO NEUROL INST,ENGLEWOOD,CO. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. NIMH,ADAMHA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,DEPT RHEUMATOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RHEUMATOL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP HERTZMAN, PA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS MED CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA QA693 UT WOS:A1995QA69300030 PM 7699664 ER PT J AU MCKIRNAN, DJ STOKES, JP DOLL, L BURZETTE, RG AF MCKIRNAN, DJ STOKES, JP DOLL, L BURZETTE, RG TI BISEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN - SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; HIV RISK; PATTERNS; GAY AB We describe social characteristics and sexual behavior of young, Black or White bisexually active men (N = 536, 52% Black, M age = 25). Bisexual activity appeared to be relatively stable over time: the recruitment criterion was any sex with a man and a woman in the previous three years, yet 60% were bisexually active during the past six months, and 56% began their bisexual activity at least five years prior to the study. Compared to Whites, Black respondents were more likely to self-identify as bisexual, reported more female sex partners, and were less likely to have disclosed their bisexual activity to others. Few respondents participated in the gay community. Rates of unsafe sex were high: 31% reported unprotected anal intercourse with a man in the past six months, with no ethnic differences. Blacks reported more unprotected sex with women and were more likely to exchange sex for money. Of the men who had been HIV tested (74%), 10.5% of Blacks and 2.9% of Whites were HIV seropositive. The sexual risk of bisexual men was high, yet their lack of participation in gay culture made them unlikely to be reached by prevention programs within the gay community. Bisexually active Black men may be at greater risk of both acquiring and transmitting HIV because of the higher seroprevalence of HIV in this population, higher likelihood of unprotected sex with both men and women, and associated risk factors, such as exchanging sex for money or drugs. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,PREVENT RES CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60680. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP MCKIRNAN, DJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,MC 285,1007 W HARRISON,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA. RI Burzette, Rebecca/A-4531-2013 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PY 1995 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RA519 UT WOS:A1995RA51900007 ER PT J AU BARRETT, DH ANDA, RF CROFT, JB SERDULA, MK LANE, MJ AF BARRETT, DH ANDA, RF CROFT, JB SERDULA, MK LANE, MJ TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALCOHOL-USE AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE - THE SOUTH-CAROLINA CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION PROJECT SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th National Conference on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control CY NOV 17-19, 1993 CL KANSAS CITY, MO ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; U-SHAPED CURVE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NUTRIENT INTAKE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MORTALITY; CONSUMPTION; MEN; LIPOPROTEIN; COMMUNITY AB Objective: This study examines the relationship between alcohol use and health behaviors related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, we examined the relationship between alcohol use and leisure time physical activity, participation in community physical activity programs and behaviors used for weight loss. Numerous studies have found a ''protective'' effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of CVD. However, most of these studies have not adequately controlled for potential confounding by health behaviors associated with alcohol use. Method: We used descriptive and logistic regression analyses to examine cross-sectional survey data from 2,072 participants in the South Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project. Results: After controlling for age, race, education and preexisting CVD, moderate and heavy drinkers who do not smoke were more likely than nondrinkers to report engaging in regular leisure time physical activity. The relationship between other health behaviors and alcohol consumption was less clear. Among men, moderate and heavy drinkers were no more likely than nondrinkers to participate in community physical activity programs; among women, moderate and heavy drinkers were more likely than nondrinkers to report this activity. Moderate drinkers were more likely than nondrinkers to report that they were attempting to lose weight, however this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These data suggest that at least some of the apparent protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption found in other studies may be due to differences between nondrinkers and drinkers with respect to physical activity and other health practices. RP BARRETT, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU402234] NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA PO BOX 969, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-0969 SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD JAN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA PZ310 UT WOS:A1995PZ31000003 PM 7752639 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL SHAPIRO, CN SCHABLE, CA MENDELSON, MH MONTECALVO, MA KUNCHES, LM PERRY, SW EDWARDS, JR SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH WEISFUSE, IB JORDE, U DAVIS, JM SOLOMON, J WORMSER, GP RYAN, J BELL, DM CHAMBERLAND, ME AF PANLILIO, AL SHAPIRO, CN SCHABLE, CA MENDELSON, MH MONTECALVO, MA KUNCHES, LM PERRY, SW EDWARDS, JR SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH WEISFUSE, IB JORDE, U DAVIS, JM SOLOMON, J WORMSER, GP RYAN, J BELL, DM CHAMBERLAND, ME TI SEROSURVEY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, HEPATITIS-B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG HOSPITAL-BASED SURGEONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; MEDICAL PERSONNEL; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; OPERATING-ROOM; BLOOD CONTACT; FINAL REPORT; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Because occupational blood contact places health-care workers at risk for infection with bloodborne pathogens, we wanted to estimate the prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among hospital-based surgeons and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors, STUDY DESIGN: All surgeons in training or in practice in general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, or orthopedics at 21 hospitals in moderate to high AIDS incidence areas were eligible to participate in a voluntary, anonymous serosurvey, Serum samples were tested for HIV antibody, for II(SV antibody, and for markers of HBV infection: hepatitis B surface antigen, total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, RESULTS: Of 2,887 eligible surgeons, 770 (27 percent) participated in the study, One of 740 surgeons not reporting nonoccupational risk factors was HIV seropositive (0.14 percent, upper limit 95 percent confidence interval [CI] equals 0.64 percent), None of 20 participants reporting nonoccupational HIV risk factors and none of ten not responding to the question on nonoccupational risk factors were HIV positive. Of 129 (17 percent) participants with past or current HBV infection, three (0.4 percent) had chronic HBV infection; all were negative for hepatitis B e antigen, Risk factors for HBV infection included not receiving hepatitis B vaccine (odds ratio [OR] 14.7, 95 percent CI 8.3 to 26.0) and practicing surgery at least ten years (OR 2.2, 95 percent CI 1.3 to 3.8), Seven (0.9 percent) participants had anti-HCV. CONCLUSIONS: Although not necessarily generalizable to all surgeons in moderate to high AIDS incidence areas, these results do not indicate a high rate of previously undetected HN infection among surgeons who trained or practiced in these areas, or both, Hepatitis B virus posed the highest risk of infection with a bloodborne pathogen, followed by HCV and HIV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,VALHALLA,NY 10595. JOHN SNOW INC,BOSTON,MA. CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,OFF AIDS & HIV SURVEILLANCE,NEW YORK,NY. CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT SURG,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10037. ST LUKES & ROOSEVELT HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10011. ELMHURST HOSP CTR,QUEENS,NY. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT SURG,VALHALLA,NY 10595. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. RP PANLILIO, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL SURGEONS PI CHICAGO PA 54 EAST ERIE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 180 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA QA689 UT WOS:A1995QA68900003 PM 8000651 ER PT J AU CROFT, JB KEENAN, NL SHERIDAN, DP WHEELER, FC SPEERS, MA AF CROFT, JB KEENAN, NL SHERIDAN, DP WHEELER, FC SPEERS, MA TI WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO IN A BIRACIAL POPULATION - MEASUREMENT, IMPLICATIONS, AND CAUTIONS TOR USING GUIDELINES TO DEFINE HIGH-RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BLACK ADULTS; PITT COUNTY; OBESITY; WOMEN; LIPIDS; MEN; ASSOCIATIONS AB Cutoff points for high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) that may define high risk for cardiovascular disease have been suggested for men (0.95) and women (0.80). The WHRs of groups defined by age, race, and sex among 3,118 South Carolina adults were compared with these cutoff points. Measurement methodology, mean WHRs, and prevalence of elevated WHR in this biracial study population were compared with data from other populations. A review of anthropometric measurement methods used in recent epidemiologic studies indicates that a standard method for measuring waist and hip girth is required before comparisons of mean levels can be valid. The paucity of evidence that a high WHR is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in black populations, and the high number of women who have an elevated WHR in this and other epidemiologic studies, support the following conclusion: Current WHR cutoff points, which are based on evidence from primarily white populations, may not be appropriate for women. older age groups, and some racial or ethnic groups in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,COLUMBIA,SC. DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC. RP CROFT, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 402234] NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00014-3 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QA291 UT WOS:A1995QA29100010 PM 7798582 ER PT J AU GOMOLIN, IH LEIB, HB ARDEN, NH SHERMAN, FT AF GOMOLIN, IH LEIB, HB ARDEN, NH SHERMAN, FT TI CONTROL OF INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS IN THE NURSING-HOME - GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID A H3N2; AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; PHARMACOKINETICS; RIMANTADINE; REDUCTION; VACCINE; ILLNESS; SAFETY C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,NEW ROCHELLE,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. HUNTINGTON HOSP,HUNTINGTON,NY. RP GOMOLIN, IH (reprint author), GURWIN JEWISH GERIATR CTR,68 HAUPPAUGE RD,COMMACK,NY 11725, USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA QA167 UT WOS:A1995QA16700015 PM 7806745 ER PT J AU MCCARREN, M JANES, GR GOLDBERG, J EISEN, SA TRUE, WR HENDERSON, WG AF MCCARREN, M JANES, GR GOLDBERG, J EISEN, SA TRUE, WR HENDERSON, WG TI A TWIN STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER AND COMBAT EXPOSURE WITH LONG-TERM SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS IN VIETNAM VETERANS SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE COMBAT; MARRIAGE; EDUCATION; OCCUPATION; PTSD ID REGISTRY; WAR; PATTERNS; HEALTH AB This study examines the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and combat exposure with the socioeconomic status of 2210 male monozygotic veteran twin pairs in 1987. In the unadjusted analysis on individuals, modest correlations indicated that those with PTSD were more likely to have been divorced and less likely to be currently employed or to achieve high status in income, education or occupation. In the crude analysis of veterans not suffering fr om PTSD, there were small positive correlations between combat level experienced and the likelihood of ever being married, ever being divorced and the number of years employed at the current job. However, when we examined identical twins discordant for PTSD, and adjusted for pre-military and military service factors, only unemployment remained significant. Likewise, in combat-discordant twins, no significant effects on the socioeconomic indicators were seen. We conclude that PTSD and combat experience in Southeast Asia have not had a major impact on the socioeconomic status of veterans. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,VA COOPERAT STUDIES PROGRAM COORDINATING CTR,HINES,IL 60141. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIABET TRANSLAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BIOSTAT PROGRAM,CHICAGO,IL. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO. ST LOUIS UNIV,MED CTR,ST LOUIS,MO. RP MCCARREN, M (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,VIETNAM ERA TWIN REGISTRY,HINES,IL 60141, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG10430]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01-DA04604] NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD JAN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1007/BF02105410 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA QB903 UT WOS:A1995QB90300007 PM 7712050 ER PT J AU ARANKALLE, VA JHA, J FAVOROV, MO CHAUDHARI, A FIELDS, HA BANERJEE, K AF ARANKALLE, VA JHA, J FAVOROV, MO CHAUDHARI, A FIELDS, HA BANERJEE, K TI CONTRIBUTION OF HEV AND HCV IN CAUSING FULMINANT NON-A, NON-B-HEPATITIS IN WESTERN INDIA SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE FULMINANT HEPATITIS; HCV; HEV; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIC; FAILURE AB During 1990, 38 patients with fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) died in Government Medical College Hospital, Aurangabad, Serum samples from these patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and IgM antibodies to hepatitis E virus (IgM-anti-HEV). All samples were also subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HEV RNA. None of the patients had circulating anti-HCV antibodies; three had HCV RNA. Based on anti-HEV-IgM positivity 14 patients (37%) could be diagnosed as suffering from hepatitis E. None was positive for HEV RNA. In the absence of serological markers, HBV DNA was present in three cases. None of the HBV DNA positive patients had anti-delta antibodies. Dual infections (HBV with HEV, and HBV with HCV) were seen in two cases. The aetiology of half of the NANB cases could not be assigned to the known hepatitis viruses using current techniques. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOVT MED COLL,AURANGABAD,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP ARANKALLE, VA (reprint author), NATL INST VIROL,DIV HEPATITIS,POONA 411001,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.1995.tb00028.x PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA TB417 UT WOS:A1995TB41700005 PM 7489346 ER PT J AU STAMEY, FR DOMINGUEZ, G BLACK, JB DAMBAUGH, TR PELLETT, PE AF STAMEY, FR DOMINGUEZ, G BLACK, JB DAMBAUGH, TR PELLETT, PE TI INTRAGENOMIC LINEAR AMPLIFICATION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6B ORILYT SUGGESTS ACQUISITION OF ORILYT BY TRANSPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; DNA-REPLICATION; ORIGIN; STRAIN-Z29; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; GENE AB We identified some passage lineages of human herpesvirus 6 variant B (HHV-6B) strain Z29 that contain as many as 12 tandem copies of a genomic segment that corresponds almost precisely to a previously identified minimal efficient origin of lytic replication (oriLyt). Analysis of nucleotide sequences in the vicinity of the amplified segment suggests that the amplification occurred as a two-step process; with the first step being a rare sequence duplication mediated through directly repeated sequences located near the termini of the amplified segment and the second step occurring via homologous recombination through the duplicated sequence. These results demonstrate that oriLyt has been amplified in some virus stocks and indicate that (i) origin amplification confers a growth advantage on the virus in cell culture and (ii) laboratory-passaged HHV-6B genomes can accommodate additional nucleotide sequences and thus may be useful gene transfer vectors. The structures of the amplified segment and its adjacent sequences together suggest that HHV-6B or a progenitor virus acquired oriLyt by transposition from an unknown source. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA PW815 UT WOS:A1995PW81500075 PM 7983761 ER PT J AU UBICO, SR MCLEAN, RG AF UBICO, SR MCLEAN, RG TI SEROLOGIC SURVEY OF NEOTROPICAL BATS IN GUATEMALA FOR VIRUS-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BATS; ARBOVIRUSES; VIRUSES; GUATEMALA; NEOTROPICAL BATS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; VERTEBRATES AB Neotropical bats were collected from different life zones in Guatemala in 1983 and 1984 to determine the presence and distribution of antibody against 10 viruses. Bats were collected with mist nets at 13 sites in eight departments and 332 serum specimens were obtained for testing for neutralizing (N) antibody by the plaque-reduction neutralization test. Eighty-seven (26%) of the 332 bats from 16 (38%) of 42 bat species sampled were serologically positive for five of six arboviruses and for two other viruses tested. Antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) variant I-A/B, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, Tacaribe, and Rio Brave viruses were detected in resident species of bats. However, N antibodies against the enzootic strain of VEE (Mena II, variant I-E) or Nepuyo viruses were not detected. RP UBICO, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QD053 UT WOS:A1995QD05300001 PM 7563415 ER PT J AU MARLEY, SE KNAPP, SE ROGNLIE, MC THOMPSON, JR STOPPA, TM BUTTON, SM WETZLICH, S ARNDT, T CRAIGMILL, A AF MARLEY, SE KNAPP, SE ROGNLIE, MC THOMPSON, JR STOPPA, TM BUTTON, SM WETZLICH, S ARNDT, T CRAIGMILL, A TI EFFICACY OF IVERMECTIN POUR-ON AGAINST OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI INFECTION AND RESIDUES IN THE AMERICAN BISON, BISON-BISON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN BISON; BISON BISON; OSTERTAGIA OSTERTAGI; IVERMECTIN; TISSUE RESIDUUM ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE AB Sixteen American bison, Bison bison, were artificially infected with 10(5) infective stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi on 21 April 1993. At 42 days post-infection eight bison were treated with 0.5% ivermectin pour-on (500 mu g/kg bodyweight) and eight treated with the carrier only. Bison were necropsied 17 and 18 days post-treatment (21 and 22 June 1993, respectively). Mean (+/-SE) of 5,413 (+/-1,716) adults and 565 (+/-305) immature O. ostertagi were recovered at necropsy from bison treated with the carrier. No O. ostertagi were detected in bison treated with ivermectin pour-on. Based on the levels of the ivermectin marker metabolite in liver and adipose tissue 18 days post-treatment, the established bovine withdrawal time of 48 days appears adequate to insure that violative residues do not occur. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP MARLEY, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QD053 UT WOS:A1995QD05300010 PM 7563426 ER PT S AU Khan, AS Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Vernon, LL Gyurik, TP Schonberger, LB AF Khan, AS Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Vernon, LL Gyurik, TP Schonberger, LB BE Kato, H TI Kawasaki syndrome surveillance United States, 1991-1993 SO KAWASAKI DISEASE SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium CY MAY 22-25, 1995 CL FUKUOKA, JAPAN SP Japan Kawasaki Dis Res Fdn, Japan Heart Fdn, Japan Pediat Soc, Amer Heart Assoc, Keidanren DE children; coronary artery ectasia; gammaglobulin; Kawasaki; secondary prevention; treatment C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82200-3 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1995 VL 1093 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA BE73R UT WOS:A1995BE73R00013 ER PT J AU GOLDSMITH, CS ELLIOTT, LH HUMPHREY, CD ZAKI, SR AF GOLDSMITH, CS ELLIOTT, LH HUMPHREY, CD ZAKI, SR TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL-STUDY SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP A126 EP A126 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QD549 UT WOS:A1995QD54900747 ER PT J AU SCHLEICHER, R BANDEA, C ZHANG, M TAN, W BOSTWICK, D HUNTER, S VARMA, V AF SCHLEICHER, R BANDEA, C ZHANG, M TAN, W BOSTWICK, D HUNTER, S VARMA, V TI NEUROFILAMENT MESSENGER-RNA IS DOWN-REGULATED IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP A83 EP A83 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QD549 UT WOS:A1995QD54900492 ER PT J AU VARMA, V BANDEA, C ZHAO, W HUNTER, S AF VARMA, V BANDEA, C ZHAO, W HUNTER, S TI MOLECULAR-GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE-CANCER BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNAS (RAPDS) SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP A85 EP A85 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QD549 UT WOS:A1995QD54900502 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM GOLDSMITH, CS NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K MILLER, GL ROLLIN, P KSAIZEK, T NICHOL, S PETERS, CJ AF ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM GOLDSMITH, CS NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM FOUCAR, K MILLER, GL ROLLIN, P KSAIZEK, T NICHOL, S PETERS, CJ TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - PATHOLOGY OF AN EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP A127 EP A127 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QD549 UT WOS:A1995QD54900757 ER PT J AU RIMA, BK EARLE, JAP BACZKO, K ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ AF RIMA, BK EARLE, JAP BACZKO, K ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ TI MEASLES-VIRUS STRAIN VARIATIONS SO MEASLES VIRUS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANT; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MATRIX PROTEIN; EDMONSTON STRAIN; FUSION PROTEIN; SH GENE; RNA C1 UNIV WURZBURG,INST VIROL,D-97078 WURZBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MEASLES VIRUS SECT CID,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RIMA, BK (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,SCH BIOL & BIOCHEM,CTR MED BIOL,97 LISBURN RD,BELFAST BT9 7BL,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. FU Wellcome Trust NR 61 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1995 VL 191 BP 65 EP 83 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BD60X UT WOS:A1995BD60X00005 PM 7789163 ER PT J AU GUENDELMAN, S ENGLISH, P CHAVEZ, G AF GUENDELMAN, S ENGLISH, P CHAVEZ, G TI INFANTS OF MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS - HEALTH-STATUS OF AN EMERGING POPULATION SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE LATINO INFANTS; IMMIGRANT HEALTH; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION ID UNITED-STATES; MORBIDITY AB Previous studies suggest that infants of Mexican immigrants have favorable birth outcomes despite their high socioeconomic risks. These favorable outcomes have been associated with a protective sociocultural orientation among immigrants. A sample of 708 infants of Mexican origin was assessed to determine whether such health advantages at birth are sustained at 8 to 16 months of age, or alternatively, whether their health deteriorates because of adverse socioeconomic conditions. A a cross-sectional survey was conducted in San Diego County to determine whether the child was healthy or ill (the latter indicating a history of serious infectious disease) and the factors associated with this outcome. Among infants born without serious medical problems, 74% remained healthy. For 26% of the infants, their health status was eroded by social conditions. Factors associated with illness were large households, barriers to care, and maternal characteristics including smoking, pregnancy complications, and employment. Women born in Mexico who were newcomers to the United States and spoke Spanish exclusively were more likely than non-newcomers to have ill children. In this population, one fourth of Latino infants of immigrants were at high risk for serious infectious disease despite using preventive care. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,INFANT HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GUENDELMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH PROGRAM,306 EARL WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JAN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1097/00005650-199501000-00004 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QB423 UT WOS:A1995QB42300004 PM 7823646 ER PT B AU GRISSOM, RE AF GRISSOM, RE BE Curry, PB Iyengar, S Maloney, PA Maroni, M TI Biologic markers: Monitoring populations exposed to pesticides SO METHODS OF PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment CY OCT 05-08, 1993 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Hlth Canada, NATO, US Environm Agcy, OECD C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,EMERGENCY RESPONSE & CONSULTAT BRANCH E32,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45130-1 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 1995 VL 19 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Entomology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Entomology; Toxicology GA BE09V UT WOS:A1995BE09V00018 ER PT J AU SAITO, K USHIJIMA, H NISHIO, O OSETO, MK MOTOHIRO, H UEDA, Y TAKAGI, M NAKAYA, S ANDO, T GLASS, R ZAIMAN, K AF SAITO, K USHIJIMA, H NISHIO, O OSETO, MK MOTOHIRO, H UEDA, Y TAKAGI, M NAKAYA, S ANDO, T GLASS, R ZAIMAN, K TI DETECTION OF ASTROVIRUSES FROM STOOL SAMPLES IN JAPAN USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ASTROVIRUS; RT-PCR; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPE-1; SPECIMENS; SEQUENCE AB We developed a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detecting astrovirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 (but not serotype 4). Furthermore, we developed the specific primers for detecting serotypes 1 and 2, the most predominant serotypes in the world. Sensitivity of the first PCR with serotype common primers was about 10 times higher than that of enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody (EIA-MAb). Sensitivity of the second PCR with the serotype-specific primers was even higher. The RT-PCR method was useful for detecting astroviruses from clinical samples, especially serotypes 1 and 2. C1 INST PUBL HLTH, DEPT MICROBIOL, MINATO KU, TOKYO 108, JAPAN. TOKYO UNIV AGR, DEPT CLIN NUTR, SETAGAYA KU, TOKYO 156, JAPAN. EHIME PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH, DIV VIRUS, MATSUYAMA, EHIME 790, JAPAN. KURUME UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, KURUME, FUKUOKA 830, JAPAN. MAIZURU KYOSAI HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, MAIZURU, KYOTO 625, JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER ACAD PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O BUSINESS CTR ACAD SOC JPN, HONKOMAGOME 5-16-9, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 1995 VL 39 IS 10 BP 825 EP 828 PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA TA136 UT WOS:A1995TA13600013 PM 8577275 ER PT J AU DESEDA, CC SWEENEY, PA WOODRUFF, BA LINDEGREN, ML SHAPIRO, CN ONORATO, IM AF DESEDA, CC SWEENEY, PA WOODRUFF, BA LINDEGREN, ML SHAPIRO, CN ONORATO, IM TI PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-B, HEPATITIS-C, AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING PRENATAL-CLINICS IN SAN-JUAN, PUERTO-RICO, FROM 1989-1990 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; SEROPREVALENCE; FAILURE AB Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Methods: An anonymous serosurvey was conducted in four prenatal clinics in San Tuan, Puerto Rico, involving women presenting consecutively for their first prenatal visit. Results: Nineteen of 997 pregnant women (1.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.0) tested positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV), and eight (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4-1.6) were HIV seropositive. Of the 992 women for whom serum samples were tested for HBV markers, 91 (9.2%, 95% CI 7.5-11.2) had evidence of past or current HBV infection, and four (0.4%, 95% CI 0.1-1.1) were HBV carriers. The age-specific HBV prevalence ranged from 4.1% among women 15-19 years old to 18.5% among those at least 30 years old (P < .001, chi(2) test for trend). Anti-HCV prevalence was also higher among women at least 30 years old compared to younger women (3.1 versus 1.9%; prevalence ratio 1.6, 95% CI 0.6-4.9), although the difference was not statistically significant. Anti-HCV prevalence was higher among women with past or current HBV infection than among women who were not infected (7.7 versus 1.3%; prevalence ratio 5.8, 95% CI 2.3-14.3). Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic HBV and HCV infection among pregnant women tested in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is comparable to that among pregnant women in the United States. The prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in San Tuan is higher than among child-bearing women in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00319-9 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PX706 UT WOS:A1995PX70600016 PM 7528370 ER PT J AU LOOKER, AC WAHNER, HW DUNN, WL CALVO, MS HARRIS, TB HEYSE, SP JOHNSTON, CC LINDSAY, RL AF LOOKER, AC WAHNER, HW DUNN, WL CALVO, MS HARRIS, TB HEYSE, SP JOHNSTON, CC LINDSAY, RL TI PROXIMAL FEMUR BONE-MINERAL LEVELS OF US ADULTS SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE BONE MINERAL DENSITY; PROXIMAL FEMUR ID BODY HABITUS; DENSITY; WOMEN; HIP; SPINE; RACE AB This paper describes bone mineral levels in the proximal femur of US adults based on a nationally representative sample of 7116 men and women aged 20 years and older. The data were collected in phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1991) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and included bone mineral density (EMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and area of bone scanned in five selected regions of interest (ROI) in the proximal femur: femur neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Ward's triangle and total. These variables are provided separately by age and sex for non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and Mexican Americans (MA). BMD and BMC in the five ROI tended to decline with age, whereas area did not. BMD and BMC were highest in NHB, intermediate in MA and lowest in NHW, but areas were highest in NHW, intermediate in NHB and lowest in MA. Men had greater BMD, BMC and area than women in all three race/ethnic groups. Differences by age, sex or race/ethnicity tended to be the largest in Ward's triangle, followed by the femur neck; patterns in the trochanter, intertrochanter and total ROI were reasonably similar to each other. This report provides extensive data on femur bone mineral levels of adults from one of the largest samples available to date and should be valuable as reference data for other studies which examine this skeletal site in adults. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAMSD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. HELEN HAYES HOSP,CTR REG BONE,W HAVERSTRAW,NY. RP LOOKER, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ROOM 900,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 24 TC 236 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1995 VL 5 IS 5 BP 389 EP 409 DI 10.1007/BF01622262 PG 21 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RX678 UT WOS:A1995RX67800009 PM 8800790 ER PT J AU LEVAV, M MIRSKY, AF SCHANTZ, PM CASTRO, S CRUZ, ME AF LEVAV, M MIRSKY, AF SCHANTZ, PM CASTRO, S CRUZ, ME TI PARASITIC INFECTION IN MALNOURISHED SCHOOL-CHILDREN - EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR AND EEG SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PARASITE INFECTION; MALNUTRITION; EEG ID TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; GROWTH AB This paper describes a study of 194 children (aged 9-13) from a mountain village in Ecuador who were infected with one or more species of intestinal helminth or protozoan parasite. In addition to parasite load, the assessment consisted of a battery of psychological and neuropsychological tests, an EEG examination, measures of iodine level, presence of goitre and level of nutrition. We found that, in general, parasite infection, as measured at the baseline level, was not associated with cognitive impairment. The intensity of infection with A. lumbricoides, however, was correlated with the level of verbal ability and with inhibition-control aspects of cognitive behaviour. Multivariate analysis with level of nutrition, EEG status and parasite burden showed a consistent main effect of the degree of nutrition on neuropsychological performance, particularly the language, problem solving and inhibition-control dimensions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, PARASIT DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. ACAD ECUATORIANA NEUROCIENCIAS, QUITO, ECUADOR. RP LEVAV, M (reprint author), NIMH, PSYCHOL & PSYCHOPATHOL LAB,BLDG 10,ROOM 4C110, 10 CTR DR, MSC 1366, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 110 BP 103 EP 111 PN 1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA QC656 UT WOS:A1995QC65600013 PM 7845707 ER PT J AU PRUCKLER, JM PRUCKLER, JM ADES, EW AF PRUCKLER, JM PRUCKLER, JM ADES, EW TI DETECTION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION OF ALL COMMON MYCOPLASMA IN A CELL-CULTURE FACILITY SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; MYCOPLASMA; MOLLICUTES; CELL CULTURE ID AMPLIFICATION AB The identification of cell cultures contaminated with organisms from the class Mollicutes has led us to examine the effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting these organisms in genomic DNA. We developed a previously identified nested PCR primer set and compared its ability to detect Mycoplasma with that of a commercially available PCR kit for detecting Mycoplasma. We found that although the commercial system detected and identified a few of the most common Mycoplasma species, the primer set (GPO-1, GPO-2, MGSO) detected the presence of all the common Mycoplasma species and many of the rare mycoplasma species previously encountered in tissue culture. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1159/000163929 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA RK156 UT WOS:A1995RK15600002 PM 7546276 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, RJ PETERSEN, KM BERNER, JE SCHULTE, E CHIU, K LILLY, CM HUGHES, EA BULKOW, LR NIX, TL AF SINGLETON, RJ PETERSEN, KM BERNER, JE SCHULTE, E CHIU, K LILLY, CM HUGHES, EA BULKOW, LR NIX, TL TI HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION IN ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ALASKA; ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ID PARENTAL SMOKING; VIRAL-INFECTION; B DISEASE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; ILLNESSES; INFANTS AB To characterize the epidemiology of Alaska Native children hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections, we reviewed records of hospitalizations during the winter seasons of 1991 to 1992 and 1992 to 1993 at a hospital in Anchorage and a rural hospital in the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) region of southwestern Alaska. The median age of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection was 2 months of age for YKD residents and 4.5 months for Anchorage residents, Sixteen percent of the hospitalized YKD children were less than 1 month of age, whereas the same was true for only 3% of the Anchorage children. Eight percent of the YKD patients required mechanical ventilation, whereas none of the Anchorage patients required ventilation. The median hospital stay was 4.8 days for YKD patients and 3.2 days for Anchorage patients. Hospitalization rates for infants less than 1 year of age were 33/1000 for Alaska Natives in Anchorage and 100/1000 for those in the YKD region. The extremely high hospitalization rate, especially among very young infants in the rural YKD region, points to a need for early preventive efforts. C1 YUKON KUSKOKWIM DELTA REG HOSP,BETHEL,AK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCT INVEST PROGRAM,ALBANY,NY. ALBANY MED COLL,DEPT PEDIAT,ALBANY,NY. RP SINGLETON, RJ (reprint author), ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,250 GAMBELL ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1097/00006454-199501000-00005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QB322 UT WOS:A1995QB32200005 PM 7715985 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MK KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD AF DAVIS, MK KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD TI PREGNANCY EXPERIENCE AFTER DELIVERY OF A CHILD WITH A MAJOR BIRTH-DEFECT - A POPULATION STUDY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE MALFORMATION; PREGNANCY; FERTILITY; INFANT ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; DEATH AB Objective. Data from a large population based, case-control study were analyzed to determine whether women giving birth to children with major birth defects have different subsequent pregnancy patterns than those giving birth to live-born babies without defects. Other studies examining this phenomenon have been smaller, have not been population-based, or have not addressed the different effects that a wide range of major defects might have an mothers' subsequent pregnancy rates. Methods. Mothers of 4918 infants with major birth defects born from 1968 through 1980 in metropolitan Atlanta were compared with mothers of 3029 control infants, frequency-matched an birth year, birth hospital, and race. Results. The pregnancy rate in the first 3 years after the index birth was higher among case mothers (36%) than among control mothers (30%, P < .0001). This excess was seen far mothers of stillborn ease infants (64%) and mothers of case infants who died in infancy (58%), but not for mothers of case infants who survived the first year of life (31%). Pregnancy rates varied by birth defect type. Maternal and infant factors varied among case and control subjects and influenced subsequent pregnancy rates. Conclusion. The reproductive behavior observed in this study supports the theory that mothers of nonsurviving children with birth defects compensate by acting to ''replace'' the lost child. Reproductive behavior was also strongly associated with having completed a previous pregnancy and by the type of birth defect. RP DAVIS, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PZ729 UT WOS:A1995PZ72900012 PM 7770311 ER PT J AU HEIN, K DELL, R FUTTERMAN, D ROTHERAMBORUS, MJ SHAFFER, N AF HEIN, K DELL, R FUTTERMAN, D ROTHERAMBORUS, MJ SHAFFER, N TI COMPARISON OF HIV+ AND HIV- ADOLESCENTS - RISK-FACTORS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; ADOLESCENTS; PSYCHOSOCIAL ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; AIDS; YOUTH; INFECTION; KNOWLEDGE; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM AB According to the World Health Organization, half of the 14 million people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide were infected between the ages of 15 and 24 years. However, details about HIV-positive (HIV+) youths' risk-related behavior and social context have not been previously reported. Objectives. To outline detailed sexual and drug use practices, social and psychological status of HIV+ youth compared with a cohort of HIV-negative (HIV-) youth; and to examine the ability of the health belief and risk-taking models to predict sexual and drug use acts of HIV+ youth. Methods. HIV testing was conducted on and a 207-item structured interview covering HIV risk-related acts, protective factors and background information was administered to 72 HIV+ and 1142 HIV- adolescents aged 13 through 21 years receiving care in an adolescent clinical care unit of a large medical center in New York City. Data were analyzed for adolescents reporting sexual intercourse (71 HIV+ and 722 HIV-) by logistic regression analysis of five domains to identify variables significantly associated with HIV seropositivity. Results. Logistic regressions indicated significant differences in sexual risk acts based on serostatus and gender. Anonymous, blinded seroprevalence testing identified 11% more HIV+ adolescents than would have been identified by current counseling and testing practices. HIV+ adolescents were significantly more likely to be sexually abused (33 vs 21%, P < .05), engage in anal sex and survival sex (32 vs 4%, P < .01), unprotected sex with casual partners (42 vs 23%, P < .05), have had sex under the influence of drugs (52 vs 27%, P < .01), have a sexually transmitted disease (59 vs 28%, P < .01), use multiple drugs (43 vs 9%, P < .01) and engage in multiple problem behaviors (72 vs 30%, P < .01) than HIV- young people. HIV+ females reported more oral (69 vs 45%, P < .01) and/or anal (42 vs 12%, P < .01) intercourse compared to HIV- females. HIV+ males reported significantly higher rates of both insertive (82 vs 46%, P < .05) and receptive (51 vs 4%, P < .01) oral and anal (53 vs 13%, P < .01) intercourse than HIV- males. Protective factors were not significantly different for HIV+ and HIV- young people. Conclusions. Routine, confidential HIV counseling and testing should be considered for adolescents having unprotected sexual intercourse when age-specific services are available for HIV+ youth. Prevention programs should consider 'adolescents' history of abuse, homelessness, and other social as well as psychological dimensions in designing comprehensive care strategies to address HIV+ adolescents' multiple problem behaviors and living situations. Current theoretical models of health behaviors should be reconsidered, given the lack of their association to HIV risk acts of HIV+ youth. Age-specific services and interventions for HIV+ youth are urgently needed as HIV is spreading among youth worldwide. C1 MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ADOLESCENT AIDS PROGRAM,BRONX,NY 10467. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU202940] NR 38 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PZ729 UT WOS:A1995PZ72900018 PM 7770318 ER PT J AU MURPHY, LR AF MURPHY, LR TI MANAGING JOB STRESS - AN EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PARTNERSHIP SO PERSONNEL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS; HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; STRESS ID HEALTH AB Starts from the premisses that stress at work is a significant and costly problem, and that the challenge for companies is to manage work stress in order to reduce health-care costs and improve productivity. Suggests that this challenge can be met by greater collaboration among company departments, bringing expertise from different areas to bear on the problem Describes the conceptual basis for such collaboration and presents a case study of an ongoing partnership between an employee assistance programme and a human resource management group. RP MURPHY, LR (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND BD8 9BY SN 0048-3486 J9 PERS REV JI Pers. Rev. PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1108/00483489510079075 PG 10 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA QN984 UT WOS:A1995QN98400003 ER PT J AU FerroLuzzi, A Garza, C Haas, J Habicht, DP Himes, J Pradilla, A Raman, L RansomeKuti, O Seidell, JC Victora, C Wahlqvist, ML Yip, R AF FerroLuzzi, A Garza, C Haas, J Habicht, DP Himes, J Pradilla, A Raman, L RansomeKuti, O Seidell, JC Victora, C Wahlqvist, ML Yip, R TI Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry - Introduction SO PHYSICAL STATUS: THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTHROPOMETRY SE WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES LA English DT Article C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV VALLE,DIV EPIDEMIOL,CALI,COLOMBIA. INDIAN COUNCIL MED RES,NATL INST NUTR,HYDERABAD 500007,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. UNIV LAGOS,LAGOS,NIGERIA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,DEPT CHRON DIS & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. FED UNIV PELOTAS,FAC MED,DEPT SOCIAL MED,PELOTAS,BRAZIL. MONASH UNIV,MONASH MED CTR,MELBOURNE,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FerroLuzzi, A (reprint author), NATL INST NUTR,HUMAN NUTR UNIT,ROME,ITALY. RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas /D-4561-2013; seidell, jacob/N-7427-2013; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013 NR 9 TC 685 Z9 694 U1 11 U2 34 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 J9 WHO TECH REP SER PY 1995 VL 854 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE52W UT WOS:A1995BE52W00001 ER PT J AU GORSKY, RD MACGOWAN, RJ SWANSON, NM DELGADO, BP AF GORSKY, RD MACGOWAN, RJ SWANSON, NM DELGADO, BP TI PREVENTION OF HIV-INFECTION IN DRUG-ABUSERS - A COST-ANALYSIS SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY AB Background. Counseling and testing for HIV infection is performed at many sites, including drug treatment centers. The actual cost of providing HIV counseling and testing at drug treatment sites, based upon empirical data collection, has not been reported. The average lifetime medical cost for an HIV-infected individual is $56,000. This study provides both a systematic method for estimating HIV counseling and testing costs and actual cost results. These results can be compared with the medical costs associated with HIV infection. Methods. At three publicly funded methadone treatment centers, we collected cost data on the provision of HIV counseling and testing. We obtained provider service times for HIV counseling and testing components, provider salaries and fringe rates, laboratory costs, and support costs at each center. Results. The average cost of HIV counseling and testing is $215 per client entering HIV counseling and testing and $341 per client made aware of HIV serostatus. The total direct cost of providing HIV counseling and testing is $41 for an HIV-negative client who completes the process and $57 for an HIV-positive client; the support costs add an additional $175 per client. Conclusions. Existing methadone maintenance treatment clinics planning to add HIV counseling and testing can expect costs in a range of $189 to $242 per person entering HIV counseling and testing (1991 dollars), Using an average lifetime cost of HIV infection ($56,000) and the average cost per person entering HIV counseling and testing ($215), if more than 1 person in 260 changes his or her behavior to prevent one additional HIV infection, the ratio of medical care savings to costs of counseling and testing would be greater than 1.0, a cost-saving prevention strategy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROVIDENCE HOSP,HOLYOKE,MA 01040. DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106. RP GORSKY, RD (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,4 LIBRARY WAY,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1006/pmed.1995.1002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA QJ380 UT WOS:A1995QJ38000002 PM 7740013 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO GERBER, AR DILLON, BA CAMPBELL, CH AF VALDISERRI, RO GERBER, AR DILLON, BA CAMPBELL, CH TI CLIENTS WITHOUT HEALTH-INSURANCE AT PUBLICLY FUNDED HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SITES - IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY INTERVENTION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CARE; SERVICES AB The characteristics of clients reporting no health insurance were compared with those reporting any health insurance at publicly funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing sites in the United States during 1992. Thirty of 65 funded health departments collect data on self-reported health insurance status. Data were dichotomized into two groups, clients reporting any health insurance versus those reporting none, and multivariate logistic models were developed to explore independent associations. Of the 885,046 clients studied, 440,416 reported that they lacked health insurance. Clients without health insurance were more likely to be male, members of racial or ethnic minorities, adolescent, and HIV seropositive. Prisoners (odds ratio = 0.26), clients of Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio = 0.52), and clients receiving testing during field visits (odds ratio = 0.53) in drug treatment centers (odds ratio = 0.55) and in tuberculosis clinics (odds ratio = 0.55) were less likely to have health insurance. Injecting drug users, whether heterosexual (odds ratio = 0.65) or homosexual (odds ratio = 0.67), were less likely to have health insurance compared with other behavioral risk groups. Large numbers of clients receiving publicly funded HIV counseling and testing lack health insurance. Lack of health insurance may interfere with subsequent receipt of needed primary care services among high-risk clients, especially HIV seropositive clients in need of early intervention services. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 110 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QG127 UT WOS:A1995QG12700008 PM 7838943 ER PT J AU YEAGER, KK ANDA, RF MACERA, CA DONEHOO, RS EAKER, ED AF YEAGER, KK ANDA, RF MACERA, CA DONEHOO, RS EAKER, ED TI SEDENTARY LIFE-STYLE AND STATE VARIATION IN CORONARY HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Note ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; MEN AB Using linear regression, the authors demonstrated a strong association between State-specific coronary heart disease mortality rates and State prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (r2 = 0.34; P = 0.0002) that remained significant after controlling for the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension, smoking, and overweight among the State's population. This ecologic analysis suggests that sedentary lifestyle may explain State variation in coronary heart disease mortality and reinforces the need to include physical activity promotion as a part of programs in the States to prevent heart disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 110 IS 1 BP 100 EP 102 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QG127 UT WOS:A1995QG12700016 PM 7838933 ER PT B AU Miller, CW AF Miller, CW BE Maletskos, CJ TI Atmospheric dispersion SO RADIATION PROTECTION AT NUCLEAR REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Health-Physics-Society Summer School on Radiation Protection at Nuclear Reactors CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL ENDICOTT COLL, BEVERLY, MA SP Hlth Phys Soc HO ENDICOTT COLL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-55-3 PY 1995 BP 45 EP 84 PG 40 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BF78P UT WOS:A1995BF78P00004 ER PT B AU Miller, DW Shymanski, MJ Doty, RL AF Miller, DW Shymanski, MJ Doty, RL BE Maletskos, CJ TI Dose management challenges: Alara and unique hazards SO RADIATION PROTECTION AT NUCLEAR REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Health-Physics-Society Summer School on Radiation Protection at Nuclear Reactors CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL ENDICOTT COLL, BEVERLY, MA SP Hlth Phys Soc HO ENDICOTT COLL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-55-3 PY 1995 BP 319 EP 352 PG 34 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BF78P UT WOS:A1995BF78P00013 ER PT B AU Schantz, PM Wilson, M Toang, VCM AF Schantz, PM Wilson, M Toang, VCM BE Rose, FC TI Immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis and Taeniosis: The current state of the art SO RECENT ADVANCES IN TROPICAL NEUROLOGY SE DEVELOPMENTS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tropical Neurology CY 1995 CL MED SOC LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND SP Med Soc London HO MED SOC LONDON RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82272-0 J9 DEVEL NEUR PY 1995 VL 10 BP 141 EP 153 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Tropical Medicine SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Tropical Medicine GA BH84Z UT WOS:A1995BH84Z00014 ER PT B AU PutzAnderson, V Grant, KA AF PutzAnderson, V Grant, KA BE Gordon, SL Blair, SJ Fine, LJ TI Perceived exertion as a function of physical effort SO REPETITIVE MOTION DISORDERS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Repetitive Motion Disorders of the Upper Extremity CY JUN 20-22, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIAMS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Orthopaed Res & Educ Fdn, Natl Ctr Med Rehab Res, NICHHD, Ctr VDT & Hlth Res, Public Hlth Serv Advisory Comm Employment Persons Disabil C1 US DEPT HHS,NIOSH,PSYCHOPHYSIOL & BIOMECH SECT,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMONT PA 6300 NORTH RIVER RD, ROSEMONT, IL 60018 BN 0-89203-143-3 PY 1995 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BF35W UT WOS:A1995BF35W00005 ER PT B AU Sauter, SL Swanson, NG AF Sauter, SL Swanson, NG BE Gordon, SL Blair, SJ Fine, LJ TI The relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders in office work: Suggested mechanisms and evidence SO REPETITIVE MOTION DISORDERS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Repetitive Motion Disorders of the Upper Extremity CY JUN 20-22, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIAMS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Orthopaed Res & Educ Fdn, Natl Ctr Med Rehab Res, NICHHD, Ctr VDT & Hlth Res, Public Hlth Serv Advisory Comm Employment Persons Disabil C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL PSYCHOL & ERGONIM BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMONT PA 6300 NORTH RIVER RD, ROSEMONT, IL 60018 BN 0-89203-143-3 PY 1995 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BF35W UT WOS:A1995BF35W00006 ER PT S AU Ford, E AF Ford, E BE Graham, JD TI Risk assessment, epidemiology, meta-analysis, and pooling SO ROLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN REGULATORY RISK ASSESSMENT SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Proper Role of Epidemiology in Risk Analysis CY OCT 13-14, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA DE assays; assessment; epidemiology; meta-analysis; pooling; risk; structure activity; toxicity C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82201-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1995 VL 1092 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE46X UT WOS:A1995BE46X00012 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, DA Pretty, JR Ramsey, DM McLaurin, JL Khan, A Teass, AW Castranova, V Pailes, WH Dalal, NS Miles, PR Bowman, L Leonard, S Shumaker, J Vallyathan, V Pack, D AF Shoemaker, DA Pretty, JR Ramsey, DM McLaurin, JL Khan, A Teass, AW Castranova, V Pailes, WH Dalal, NS Miles, PR Bowman, L Leonard, S Shumaker, J Vallyathan, V Pack, D TI Particle activity and in vivo pulmonary response to freshly milled and aged alpha-quartz SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer CY OCT 27-30, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE aged; freshly fractured silica; inhalation; pulmonary inflammation; silicosis; surface activity ID SILICA DUST AB This study examined the possibility of freshly fractured alpha-quartz being more toxic and inflammatory in vivo than aged quartz of the same composition and particle size. Fresh quartz was generated by a jet mill, and used immediately, while aged dust was stored for two months before use. Both the production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals and the analysis of surface radicals verified the enhanced surface activity of fresh quartz. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to fresh or aged alpha-quartz by inhalation (20 mg . m(-3), 5 h per day, 5 d per week, for 2 weeks) and their pulmonary responses were determined 1-3 d postexposure. Exposure to aged quartz resulted in an increase in cytotoxic and inflammatory parameters. In comparison, the inhalation of freshly cleaved quartz resulted in dramatically greater increases in all of the pulmonary responses. This finding suggests that exposure to freshly machined quartz may result in a greater risk of pulmonary disease. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP Shoemaker, DA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1995 VL 21 SU 2 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TV359 UT WOS:A1995TV35900004 PM 8929681 ER PT J AU Lorberau, CD Abell, MT AF Lorberau, CD Abell, MT TI Methods used by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to monitor crystalline silica SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer CY OCT 27-30, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE dust analysis; exposure limit; infrared spectroscopy; size selective sampling; X-ray diffraction ID PERFORMANCE AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States has four methods for monitoring the concentration of crystalline silica dust. They all employ a cyclone for size-selective sampling in the field, but differ primarily in that the laboratory measurement is based on either infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, or colorimetry. The limits of detection for these methods are similar, but their accuracy is poor, particularly at low filter loadings near the current recommended exposure limit (50 mu g . m(-3)). Advances in analytical instrumentation have improved measurement precision. Correction techniques to account for X-ray absorption in samples loaded with nonsilica dust have eliminated one source of bias. Direct analysis on collection fillers is a convenient technique that should decrease sample manipulation errors, but it has not been shown to improve precision or accuracy significantly. RP Lorberau, CD (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1995 VL 21 SU 2 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TV359 UT WOS:A1995TV35900009 PM 8929686 ER PT J AU Rice, FL Stayner, LT AF Rice, FL Stayner, LT TI Assessment of silicosis risk for occupational exposure to crystalline silica SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer CY OCT 27-30, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE epidemiology; LOAEL; lowest observed adverse effect level; NOAEL; no observed adverse effect level; quartz; risk assessment ID ONTARIO HARDROCK MINERS; AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; WORKERS AB Epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to silica were reviewed to identify data on airborne concentrations of quartz that are not associated with an increased risk of silicosis, the lowest concentrations associated with silicosis, and studies that used statistical models to quantitate the risk of silicosis as a function of silica exposure. The no observed adverse effect levels varied from 7 to 100 mu g . m(-3), and the lowest observed adverse effect levels ranged from 8 to 252 mu g m(-3) in five different cohorts. Studies using quantitative exposure-response models revealed a wide difference in the cumulative risk estimates for silicosis. The differences in the risk estimates and the no observed and lowest observed effect levels may have been the result of errors in exposure estimates, physicochemical characteristics of silica and quartz content of the dust, cohort differences, and reader variability. Further research is needed to define the dose-response relationship between silica exposure and silicosis. RP Rice, FL (reprint author), NIOSH,EDUCAT & INFORMAT DIV,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS C-15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1995 VL 21 SU 2 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TV359 UT WOS:A1995TV35900023 PM 8929700 ER PT J AU MORAN, JS AF MORAN, JS TI TREATING UNCOMPLICATED NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS - IS THE ANATOMIC SITE OF INFECTION IMPORTANT SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ACUTE GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; SINGLE-DOSE CIPROFLOXACIN; PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING STRAINS; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EFFICACY; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PHARYNGEAL GONORRHEA; PROCAINE PENICILLIN; ORAL CEFIXIME; RO 13-9904 AB Background: The efficacy of new antimicrobial regimens against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of sites other than the urethra and cervix is rarely adequately assessed. Goal of This Study: To learn whether modern antigonococcal agents eradicate infections at some mucosal sites less reliably than at others. Study Design: This was a systematic review of published therapeutic trials of various antimicrobial regimens for the biological cure of uncomplicated mucosal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Data were aggregated by treatment regimen and the cure rates were calculated by site of infection. Results: Of 16,737 infections, 96.4% were cured-female urethra, 98.4%; male urethra, 96.4%; cervix, 98.0%; female pharynx, 83.7%; male pharynx, 79.2%; female rectum, 97.9%; and male rectum, 95.3%. The differences between the cure rates at the pharynx and at all other sites were statistically significant in the crude analysis and after stratifying by treatment regimen. Conclusion: Modern antigonococcal regimens highly effective against infection of the urethra are highly effective at the cervix and rectum as well, but pharyngeal infections are more difficult to cure. RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, MAILSTOP E 02, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 154 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1097/00007435-199501000-00007 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QC692 UT WOS:A1995QC69200007 PM 7709324 ER PT J AU GUNN, RA MONTES, JM TOOMEY, KE ROLFS, RT GREENSPAN, JR SPITTERS, CE WATERMAN, SH AF GUNN, RA MONTES, JM TOOMEY, KE ROLFS, RT GREENSPAN, JR SPITTERS, CE WATERMAN, SH TI SYPHILIS IN SAN-DIEGO COUNTY 1983-1992 - CRACK COCAINE, PROSTITUTION, AND THE LIMITATIONS OF PARTNER NOTIFICATION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTERVENTION; USERS; RISK AB Background and Objectives: Recent epidemics of syphilis have been associated with crack cocaine use and anonymous sex for drugs, suggesting a potential limitation of sex partner notification as a disease control strategy To assess these factors in an inner city epidemic of syphilis in San Diego County, California, we performed a descriptive epidemiologic analysis. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic data were obtained from case investigation reports of primary and secondary syphilis. Results: In the middle and late phases of the epidemic (1990-1992), the incidence of syphilis in the inner city area was more than six times that in remainder of the county. Illegal drug use was reported by 30% of patients. Drug use, especially crack cocaine, was related to prostitution. The estimated total number of sex partners per patient ratio was 4.2, whereas the named sex partners per patient ratio was only 1.5. Twenty-two percent of patients did not report any named partners. Overall, only 26% of the estimated total number of sex partners received treatment. Conclusions: Expanding partner notification to include more high-risk persons identified through social networks and increasing screening among high-risk populations may improve control of inner city drug/prostitution-related syphilis epidemics. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,SACRAMENTO,CA. SAN DIEGO CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNITY DIS CONTROL,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP GUNN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1097/00007435-199501000-00010 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QC692 UT WOS:A1995QC69200010 PM 7709327 ER PT J AU MORAN, JS KAUFMAN, JA FELSENSTEIN, D AF MORAN, JS KAUFMAN, JA FELSENSTEIN, D TI SURVEY OF HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS - WHO SEES PATIENTS NEEDING STD SERVICES AND WHAT SERVICES DO THEY PROVIDE SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02114. ABT ASSOCIATES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1097/00007435-199501000-00011 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QC692 UT WOS:A1995QC69200011 PM 7709328 ER PT J AU MOSCICKI, EK MUEHRER, P POTTER, LB AF MOSCICKI, EK MUEHRER, P POTTER, LB TI INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLEMENTAL ISSUE - RESEARCH ISSUES IN SUICIDE AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEHAVIOR C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MOSCICKI, EK (reprint author), NIMH,PREVENT RES BRANCH,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 10-85,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 1995 VL 25 SU S BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA RY188 UT WOS:A1995RY18800001 PM 8553424 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, CW CLARK, DC DUNNEMAXIM, K GUSH, C HERBERT, S HUNTER, J KYTLE, R MARIS, R SHAFFER, D SILVERMAN, M BRENT, DA CALLAHAN, J DAUGELLI, AR GRABER, J JACOBY, M MILONAS, A SALTZMAN, LE SHORT, L BARTHOLOW, B BRADFORD, J DOLL, LS GARRISON, CZ GONSIOREK, JC GROSSMAN, J HAYNES, SG KUNREUTHER, F LIEBERMAN, M BRANN, E CABAJ, RP DUNNE, E HALL, J KACHUR, P MOORE, J OLSON, ED PLUMB, M SVED, M VALENTE, SM WOMACK, W AF ANDERSON, CW CLARK, DC DUNNEMAXIM, K GUSH, C HERBERT, S HUNTER, J KYTLE, R MARIS, R SHAFFER, D SILVERMAN, M BRENT, DA CALLAHAN, J DAUGELLI, AR GRABER, J JACOBY, M MILONAS, A SALTZMAN, LE SHORT, L BARTHOLOW, B BRADFORD, J DOLL, LS GARRISON, CZ GONSIOREK, JC GROSSMAN, J HAYNES, SG KUNREUTHER, F LIEBERMAN, M BRANN, E CABAJ, RP DUNNE, E HALL, J KACHUR, P MOORE, J OLSON, ED PLUMB, M SVED, M VALENTE, SM WOMACK, W TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A RESEARCH AGENDA IN SUICIDE AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article C1 NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ANDERSON, CW (reprint author), NIMH,PREVENT RES BRANCH,ROOM 10-85,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 1995 VL 25 SU S BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA RY188 UT WOS:A1995RY18800010 ER PT J AU OLNEY, RS KHOURY, MJ ALO, CJ COSTA, P EDMONDS, LD FLOOD, TJ HARRIS, JA HOWE, HL MOORE, CA OLSEN, CL PANNY, SR SHAW, GM AF OLNEY, RS KHOURY, MJ ALO, CJ COSTA, P EDMONDS, LD FLOOD, TJ HARRIS, JA HOWE, HL MOORE, CA OLSEN, CL PANNY, SR SHAW, GM TI INCREASED RISK FOR TRANSVERSE DIGITAL DEFICIENCY AFTER CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING - RESULTS OF THE UNITED-STATES MULTISTATE CASE-CONTROL STUDY, 1988-1992 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIMB REDUCTION DEFECTS; ABNORMALITIES; ANOMALIES; DIAGNOSIS; CVS AB Although numerous infants have been reported with transverse limb deficiencies after their mothers had undergone chorionic villus sampling (CVS), it has been unclear whether the procedure caused these defects. We report the results of the first multistate case-control study to assess and quantify the risk for specific limb deficiencies associated with CVS. Case subjects were 131 infants with nonsyndromic limb deficiency ascertained from 7 population-based birth defect surveillance programs, and born from 1988-1992 to mothers 34 years of age or older. Control subjects were 131 infants with other birth defects. We ascertained exposure to CVS from medical records and maternal and physician questionnaires. We assessed rates and timing of exposure to CVS, and estimated relative and absolute risks for anatomic subtypes of limb deficiency. The odds ratio for all types of limb deficiency after CVS from 8-12 weeks' gestation was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.4-6.3). For specific anatomic subtypes, the strongest association was for transverse digital deficiency (odds ratio = 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-38.6). The risk for transverse digital deficiency increased with earlier gestational exposure (P < 0.01 for trend). We estimated that the absolute risk for transverse digital deficiency in infants after CVS was 1 per 2,900 births (0.03%). Exposure to CVS was associated with a sixfold increase in risk for transverse digital deficiency. The causality of this association is supported by its strength, specificity, biologic plausibility, and consistency with the results of previous studies. Although some centers already inform patients about risk for limb deficiency, this study quantifies the magnitude of risk associated with CVS from 8-12 weeks' gestation. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,SPECIAL CHILD HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,OFF CHRON DIS EPIDEMIOL,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12203. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,OFF HEREDITARY DISORDERS,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP OLNEY, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 1995 VL 51 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510104 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA QQ245 UT WOS:A1995QQ24500003 PM 7597654 ER PT B AU Novotny, TE Bartlett, JC Miller, LS Rice, DP Max, WB Merritt, R AF Novotny, TE Bartlett, JC Miller, LS Rice, DP Max, WB Merritt, R BE Slama, K TI Medical care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking - United States, 1993 SO TOBACCO AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Conference on Tobacco and Health CY OCT 10-14, 1994 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP WHO, Int Union Against Canc, Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, Int Soc & Federat Cardiol, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Org Consumers Unions C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45111-5 PY 1995 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE95N UT WOS:A1995BE95N00063 ER PT B AU Bennett, SN Wagenknecht, L Davis, RM AF Bennett, SN Wagenknecht, L Davis, RM BE Slama, K TI Tobacco retail practices among pharmacies in Michigan, USA, 1992 SO TOBACCO AND HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Conference on Tobacco and Health CY OCT 10-14, 1994 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP WHO, Int Union Against Canc, Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, Int Soc & Federat Cardiol, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Org Consumers Unions C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45111-5 PY 1995 BP 933 EP 935 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BE95N UT WOS:A1995BE95N00209 ER PT J AU TIRMENSTEIN, MA PLEWS, PI WALKER, CV WOOLERY, MD WEY, HE TORAASON, MA AF TIRMENSTEIN, MA PLEWS, PI WALKER, CV WOOLERY, MD WEY, HE TORAASON, MA TI ANTIMONY-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND TOXICITY IN CULTURED CARDIAC MYOCYTES SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NEONATAL RAT; HEPATOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE; INJURY; METALS; ASSAY AB Cardiac myocytes were exposed to concentrations of potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) ranging from 1 to 1000 mu M for 1 to 24 hr. Toxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and by monitoring chronotropic depression. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the release of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). PAT produced a concentration- and time-dependent depression in chronotropy and an increase in the release of LDH and TBARS. A 4-hr exposure to 100 mu M PAT stopped beating and induced significant increases in TBARS and LDH release in the myocyte cultures. The lipid peroxidation and LDH release induced by 100-200 mu M PAT at 4 hr could be prevented by pretreatment of the cardiac myocytes with vitamin E or by the simultaneous addition of other antioxidants. Vitamin E continued to protect against lipid peroxidation up to 18 hr after the addition of 100 mu M PAT, but failed to provide significant protection against LDH release at this timepoint. Both 50 and 100 mu M PAT decreased cardiac myocyte glutathione (GSH) levels after a 4-hr exposure. A series of thiol-containing compounds was evaluated for their effects on PAT toxicity. The addition of dithiothreitol, GSH, and 2-mercaptoethanol afforded some degree of protection against lipid peroxidation and LDH release up to 18 hr after the addition of 100 mu M PAT. These results suggest that PAT induces lipid peroxidation in cultured cardiac myocytes but that other mechanisms may contribute to cell death with long-term exposures to PAT. Our results also suggest that PAT interacts with thiol-containing compounds. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 130 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1006 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QC928 UT WOS:A1995QC92800006 PM 7839369 ER PT J AU Faroon, O Kueberuwa, S Smith, L DeRosa, C AF Faroon, O Kueberuwa, S Smith, L DeRosa, C TI ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals .2. Mirex and chlordecone: Health effects, toxicokinetics, human exposure, and environmental fate SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE chlordecone; health effects; mirex ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; CHLOROFORM-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN; ADAPTIVE LIVER GROWTH; RATS FED PHOTOMIREX; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PHENOBARBITAL-PRETREATED RATS; BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMAL ATPASES; PERSISTENT VAGINAL ESTRUS AB This document provides public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of mirex and chlordecone. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. Additional substances will be profiled in a series of manuscripts to follow. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Faroon, O (reprint author), PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,US DEPY HLTH & HUMAN SERV,1600 CLIFTON RD E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 600 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 11 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PY 1995 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1 EP 203 PG 203 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA UJ308 UT WOS:A1995UJ30800001 PM 8723616 ER PT J AU SUMNER, JW SIMS, KG JONES, DC ANDERSON, BE AF SUMNER, JW SIMS, KG JONES, DC ANDERSON, BE TI PROTECTION OF GUINEA-PIGS FROM EXPERIMENTAL ROCKY-MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER BY IMMUNIZATION WITH BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII ROMPA PROTEIN SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE ROMPA PROTEIN; RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII; BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION SYSTEM ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINE; ANTIGEN; GENE AB Baculovirus recombinants that express the Rickettsia rickettsii rOmpA protein were constructed. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the rOmpA protein reacted with recombinant-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of infected. Sf9 cell lysates with a mAb against rOmpA showed that the recombinant-expressed rOmpA protein migrated slightly below rOmpA extracted from R. rickettsii. Guinea-pigs immunized with lysates of recombinant-infected Sf9 cells developed antibodies reactive with R. rickettsii and were protected against challenge, indicating that the baculovirus-expressed rOmpA protein could be useful in subunit vaccines and for studies of the immune response to R. rickettsii infection. RP SUMNER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)80007-Z PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA QF019 UT WOS:A1995QF01900006 PM 7762273 ER PT J AU SLEPUSHKIN, VA KATZ, JM BLACK, RA GAMBLE, WC ROTA, PA COX, NJ AF SLEPUSHKIN, VA KATZ, JM BLACK, RA GAMBLE, WC ROTA, PA COX, NJ TI PROTECTION OF MICE AGAINST INFLUENZA-A VIRUS CHALLENGE BY VACCINATION WITH BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED M2 PROTEIN SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE M2 PROTEIN; INFLUENZA VIRUS; VACCINATION ID A-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INSECT CELLS; HEMAGGLUTININ; RECOMBINANT; M2-PROTEIN; CHANNEL; GENE; LIVE AB We have investigated the potential of the conserved transmembrane M2 protein of influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus, expressed by a baculovirus recombinant, to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Vaccination of mice with M2 shortened the duration of virus shedding and protected mice from a lethal infection with A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus but not B/Ann Arbor/1/55 virus, suggesting that the protection was mediated by an M2-specific mechanism. Serum antibodies were detected which reacted with synthetic peptides defining three antigenic determinants located on both the external N- and internal C-termini of the M2 protein. Furthermore, vaccination with M2 protected mice from death following a lethal challenge with the heterologous A/Hong Xong/68 (H3N2) vints. These results demonstrate the potential to elicit heterosubtypic immunity to type A influenza viruses through vaccination with a conserved transmembrane protein. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. NR 15 TC 134 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1995 VL 13 IS 15 BP 1399 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)92777-Y PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TC901 UT WOS:A1995TC90100004 PM 8578816 ER PT S AU TAMIN, A BELLINI, WJ ROTA, PA AF TAMIN, A BELLINI, WJ ROTA, PA BE Chanock, RM Brown, F Ginsberg, HS Norrby, E TI Role of measles virus surface glycoproteins in the induction of a neutralizing antibody response SO VACCINES 95 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting on Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY OCT, 1994 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Alafi Capital Co, Amer Cyanamid Co, Amgen Inc, Becton Dickinson & Co, Biogen, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chugai Pharm Co Ltd, Ciba Geigy Corp, Diagnost Prod Corp, Du Pont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Glaxco, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Mitsubishi Kasei Inst Life Sci, Monsanto Co, New England BioLabs Inc, Oncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Pfizer Inc, Res Genet, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, SmithKline Beecham Pharm, Sterling Winthrop Inc, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Tekeda Chem Ind Ltd, Toyobo Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-467-X J9 VACCINES PY 1995 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BD72G UT WOS:A1995BD72G00055 ER PT J AU PARDI, D HJELLE, B FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF PARDI, D HJELLE, B FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HTLV-II ISOLATES FROM AMERINDIAN AND NON-INDIAN POPULATIONS SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE II; HTLV-II; GENOTYPIC VARIATION ID VIRUS TYPE-II; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; LYMPHOMA VIRUS; SUBTYPE-B; INFECTION; DISEASE; RETROVIRUS AB The Amerindian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate HTLV-IIG12 has been demonstrated to be an HTLV-IIb with several unique features, including several restriction enzyme site changes, a distinctive pre-gag region, a stop codon within the pol gene, and an extended Tax protein, In this study, HTLV-II isolates from Amerindian and non-Indian populations were characterized by restriction enzyme site analysis to determine the prevalent HTLV-II subtype. In addition, DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses were used to probe for the HTLV-IIG12 pre-gag region. Our results showed that of 13 Guaymi Indian isolates subtyped, all were HTLV-IIb, and that approximately one third of 17 isolates had the unique pre-gag region. While other HTLV-II-infected groups contained both HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb isolates, none of these isolates showed evidence of the distinctive HTLV-IIG12 pre-gag region. Lastly, DNA sequence analysis was used to determine the prevalence of the stop codon within the pol gene open reading frame. These analyses revealed that the occurrence of a stop codon within this sequence appeared to be characteristic of most HTLV-IIb subtypes. These results further our understanding of the genetic variations and evolution of the HTLV-II viruses within the endemically infected Amerindian populations, as well as U.S. intravenous drug users and other non-Indian populations. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP PARDI, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,BLDG 15,ROOM 2611,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1007/BF01724294 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA RJ312 UT WOS:A1995RJ31200003 PM 7483286 ER PT J AU KLIMOV, AI ROMANOVA, JR EGOROV, AY LUKASHOK, IV KISELEVA, IV ALEXANDROVA, GI COX, NJ AF KLIMOV, AI ROMANOVA, JR EGOROV, AY LUKASHOK, IV KISELEVA, IV ALEXANDROVA, GI COX, NJ TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES OF THE NEURAMINIDASE GENES OF INFLUENZA A/LENINGRAD/L34/57 (H2N2) VIRUS AND 2 OF ITS LIVE, ATTENUATED, COLD-ADAPTED VARIANTS SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE INFLUENZA A VIRUS; NA GENE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PCR RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AB The nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type (Len/wt) virus as well as two of its live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) variants, A/Leningrad/ 134/17/57 (Len/17) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (Len/47), were determined. In comparison with Len/wt, one nucleotide change (C-225 to A) was found in the NA gene of Len/17. This change codes for a Thr-to-Asn substitution at position 69 of NA. The NA gene of the more attenuated Len/47 ca virus has one silent (T-814 to C) and two coding nucleotide substitutions, C-78 to T (Ala-20 to Val) and C-225 to A (Thr-69 to Asn), These sequence data were used to design a PCR-restriction technique to determine the origin of the NA gene in candidate live, attenuated vaccine reassortants made by reassorting these ca strains with current field viruses. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109801,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG P-22,RUSSIA. RP KLIMOV, AI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,G-16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Romanova, Julia/M-9490-2016; Egorov, Andrej/M-9651-2016 OI Romanova, Julia/0000-0002-8114-4262; NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1007/BF01724302 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA RJ312 UT WOS:A1995RJ31200011 PM 7483295 ER PT J AU SWITZER, WM OWEN, SM PIENIAZEK, DA NERURKAR, VR DUENASBARAJAS, E HENEINE, W LAL, RB AF SWITZER, WM OWEN, SM PIENIAZEK, DA NERURKAR, VR DUENASBARAJAS, E HENEINE, W LAL, RB TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II FROM WAYUU-INDIANS-OF-COLOMBIA DEMONSTRATES 2 SUBTYPES OF HTLV-IIB SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE HTLV-II; LTR; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AMERINDIANS ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; AMERINDIANS; POPULATIONS; ARGENTINA; ISOLATE AB Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) have revealed the presence of two genetic subtypes, termed HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. The HTLV-IIb subtype encodes an immunodominant epitope present at the C terminus of the extended Tax protein and, by using an LTR-based, restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, can be further classified into IIb0-IIb5, with HTLV-IIb1 (Central Amerindian-like) and HTLV-IIb5 (North Amerindian-like) being characteristic subtypes for Native American Indians. To determine the antigenic and genetic heterogeneity among HTLV-II-infected South Amerindians, we used a Tax synthetic peptide immunoassay on serum, and RFLP and phylogenetic analysis on LTR sequences amplified from genomic DNA from four Wayuu Indians of Colombia. The Wayuu specimens displayed seroreactivity to the immunodominant epitope located in the extended Tax region, as predicted, and demonstrated genetic heterogeneity by the presence of both the IIb1 (Wyu1, Zuc31) and IIb5 (Wyu2, Zuc42) subtypes of HTLV-II. This genetic diversity was further supported by clustering of the Wyu1 and Wyu2 LTR sequences within separate phylogroups represented by the Guaymi Indian (IIb1) and North Amerindian (IIb5) sequences, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that major LTR regulatory motifs and the cis-acting repressive elements in the LTR RNA secondary structure were relatively conserved in both Wayuu subtypes, but the predicted secondary structure of the rex response stem loop in the Wyu2 (IIb5) LTR sequence was 45 nucleotides (nt) and 95 nt longer than that observed in the Wyu1 (IIb1) and G12.1 (IIb1) LTR sequences, respectively. These results extend our knowledge of the genetic heterogeneity of HTLV-II in South Amerindians. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NINCDS,CENT NERVOUS SYST STUDIES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/BF01702596 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA RU416 UT WOS:A1995RU41600006 PM 8560775 ER PT J AU DODD, RY REESINK, HW BUSCH, MP PETERSON, LR LACKRITZ, EM BLAJCHMAN, MA BARBARA, JAJ KUEHNL, P KNOEDLER, B SCHONITZER, D HOGMAN, CF LINDHOLM, A SEKIGUCHI, S WENDEL, S AF DODD, RY REESINK, HW BUSCH, MP PETERSON, LR LACKRITZ, EM BLAJCHMAN, MA BARBARA, JAJ KUEHNL, P KNOEDLER, B SCHONITZER, D HOGMAN, CF LINDHOLM, A SEKIGUCHI, S WENDEL, S TI DO SURROGATE TESTS IMPROVE THE SAFETY OF THE BLOOD-SUPPLY SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Discussion ID HEPATITIS-C C1 NETHERLANDS RED CROSS,BLOOD BANK AMSTERDAM,1006 AC AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV CALIF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY BRANCH,MS E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MCMASTER UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,HAMILTON,ON L8N 35,CANADA. N LONDON BLOOD TRANSFUS CTR,LONDON NW9 5BG,ENGLAND. UNIV HOSP HAMBURG,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,D-20246 HAMBURG,GERMANY. ZENTRALINST BLUTTRANSFUS & IMMUNOLOG ABT,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT CLIN IMMUNOL & TRANSFUS MED,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. OSTRA HOSP,CTR BLOOD,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. HOKKAIDO RED CROSS BLOOD CTR,SAPPORO 063,JAPAN. RP DODD, RY (reprint author), AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,DEPT TRANSMISSIBLE DIS,15601 CRABBS BRANCH WAY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 280 EP 291 PG 12 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TB140 UT WOS:A1995TB14000023 ER PT J AU ALLERBERGER, VF SCHONBAUER, M REGNERY, RL DIERICH, MP AF ALLERBERGER, VF SCHONBAUER, M REGNERY, RL DIERICH, MP TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE AMONG CATS IN AUSTRIA SO WIENER TIERARZTLICHE MONATSSCHRIFT LA German DT Article DE ROCHALIMAEA HENSELEAE; ANTIBODY; CAT; AUSTRIA; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; DA ROCHA-LIMA; HENSEL ID SCRATCH DISEASE; SP-NOV; PATIENT AB Rochalimaea henselae is the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease and,in immunocompromised patients, of ''bacillary angiomatosis'' and other severe syndromes. In April 1994 sera from 96 healthy cats were collected by Austrian veterinarians. Cat sera were stored at -20 degrees C until assayed by indirect immunofluorescence test on 12-well spotslides dotted with < 1 mu l of R. henselae-antigen (Houston-1 isolate, ATCC 49882). The minimum diagnostic titer was set at 1:64. Of the 96 cats tested, 32 (33 %) had antibodies against R. henselae. As today, there is no clinical disease yet described in cats associated with R. henselae infection, epidemiological data, however, clearly implicate the cat as a main vector. Our findings, indicating that infection of cats with R. henselae is common in Austria, raise questions about recommendations for cat-ownership, especially among immunocompromised population. We think that in most cases elimination of pet cats will not be necessary. Patients should be advised to obey basic hygienic rules like washing of hands after handling pets, promptly cleaning any scratches or bites with soap and water, and sanitation of cat-flea infestations. C1 BUNDESANSTALT VET MED UNTERSUCHUNGEN,INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ALLERBERGER, VF (reprint author), BUNDESSTAATLICHEN BAKTERIOL SEROL UNTERSUCHUNGSAN,SCHOPFSTR 41,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OSTAG-WERBUNG & VERLAG PI VIENNA PA WIEN, WICKENBURGGASSE 17-9, POSTFACH 16, A-1082 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0043-535X J9 WIEN TIERARZTL MONAT JI Wien. Tierarz. Monats. PY 1995 VL 82 IS 2 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QM596 UT WOS:A1995QM59600002 ER PT S AU Ostroff, S AF Ostroff, S BE Ravagnan, G Chiesa, C TI Yersinia as an emerging infection: Epidemiologic aspects of Yersiniosis SO YERSINIOSIS: PRESENT AND FUTURE SE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Yersinia CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY SP Italian Res Council, Inst Expt Med, Univ Rome La Sapienza, Inst Pediat RP Ostroff, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-3081 BN 3-8055-6138-5 J9 CONTRIB TO MICROBIOL PY 1995 VL 13 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BE91W UT WOS:A1995BE91W00002 PM 8833784 ER PT J AU HODES, RJ STRIKAS, RA HILL, JC AF HODES, RJ STRIKAS, RA HILL, JC TI MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HODES, RJ (reprint author), NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 29 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 26 BP 1775 EP 1775 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PZ266 UT WOS:A1994PZ26600017 PM 7984206 ER PT J AU HAMORY, BH ZWILLICH, C BOLLARD, T BALLARD, JO CONNOR, M LURIE, P MOLL, M RANKIN, J SMITH, C JENKINS, S BARRETT, E MILLER, GB FRAMPTON, W LANSER, S KING, DT KINGSBURY, A AF HAMORY, BH ZWILLICH, C BOLLARD, T BALLARD, JO CONNOR, M LURIE, P MOLL, M RANKIN, J SMITH, C JENKINS, S BARRETT, E MILLER, GB FRAMPTON, W LANSER, S KING, DT KINGSBURY, A TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - VIRGINIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 876-877, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; LIVER C1 CHAMBERSBERG HOSP,CHAMBERSBURG,PA. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. NEW RIVER HLTH DIST,RADFORD,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA 23218. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. NATL PK SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HAMORY, BH (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV HOSP,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 24 BP 1891 EP 1891 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX927 UT WOS:A1994PX92700012 ER PT J AU FELL, JC KLEIN, TM AF FELL, JC KLEIN, TM TI UPDATE - ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC FATALITIES - UNITED-STATES, 1982-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 861-867, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP FELL, JC (reprint author), NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,400 7TH ST SW,RM 5220,WASHINGTON,DC 20590, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 24 BP 1892 EP 1892 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX927 UT WOS:A1994PX92700013 ER PT J AU BISGARD, KM SUTTER, RW STRIKAS, R WHARTON, M HADLER, SC AF BISGARD, KM SUTTER, RW STRIKAS, R WHARTON, M HADLER, SC TI TETANUS IMMUNIZATION IN ADULTS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BISGARD, KM (reprint author), KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,TOPEKA,KS 66612, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 24 BP 1900 EP 1901 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX927 UT WOS:A1994PX92700031 ER PT J AU ANDREW, E ANIS, A CHALMERS, T CHO, M CLARKE, M FELSON, D GOTZSCHE, P GREENE, R JADAD, A JONAS, W KLASSEN, T KNIPSCHILD, P LAUPACIS, A MEINERT, CL MOHER, D NICHOL, G OXMAN, A PENMAN, MF POCOCK, S REISCH, J SACKETT, D SCHULZ, K SNIDER, J TUGWELL, P TYSON, J VARIN, F WALOP, W WALSH, S WELLS, G AF ANDREW, E ANIS, A CHALMERS, T CHO, M CLARKE, M FELSON, D GOTZSCHE, P GREENE, R JADAD, A JONAS, W KLASSEN, T KNIPSCHILD, P LAUPACIS, A MEINERT, CL MOHER, D NICHOL, G OXMAN, A PENMAN, MF POCOCK, S REISCH, J SACKETT, D SCHULZ, K SNIDER, J TUGWELL, P TYSON, J VARIN, F WALOP, W WALSH, S WELLS, G TI A PROPOSAL FOR STRUCTURED REPORTING OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIALS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; MEDICAL JOURNALS; BIAS; METHODOLOGY; GUIDELINES; ARTHRITIS; AUTHORS C1 OTTAWA CIVIC HOSP,LOEB MED RES INST,CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT,WRITING COMM,OTTAWA K1Y 4E9,ON,CANADA. NYCOMED IMAGING,OSLO,NORWAY. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HLTH SERV RES & STUDY DESIGN,BOSTON,MA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RADCLIFFE INFIRM,CLIN TRIAL SERV UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,WRITING COMM,BOSTON,MA 02118. NORD COCHRANE CTR,WRITING COMM,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. OXFORD REG PAIN RELIEF UNIT,OXFORD,ENGLAND. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. CHILDRENS HOSP EASTERN ONTARIO,DIV EMERGENCY MED,OTTAWA K1H 8L1,ON,CANADA. RYKSUNIV LIMBURG,VAKGOEP EPIDEMIOL,LIMBURG,NETHERLANDS. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02115. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH SERV,OSLO,NORWAY. OTTAWA GEN HOSP,MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS CLIN,OTTAWA K1H 8L6,ON,CANADA. UNIV LONDON,LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,MED STAT UNIT,WRITING COMM,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT & MED COMP SCI,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV OXFORD,NUFFIELD DEPT CLIN MED,WRITING COMM,OXFORD,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY MED,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT MED,WRITING COMM,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DALLAS,TX. UNIV MONTREAL,FAC PHARM,MONTREAL H3C 3J7,PQ,CANADA. HLTH & WELF CANADA,DRUGS DIRECTORIE,DIV BIOMETR,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. OTTAWA CIVIC HOSP,DEPT MED,OTTAWA K1Y 4E9,ON,CANADA. OI Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206; Tugwell, Peter/0000-0001-5062-0556 NR 66 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 24 BP 1926 EP 1931 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX927 UT WOS:A1994PX92700038 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA VELLECA, WM JUBERT, S GREEN, TA BRYAN, L AF NICHOLSON, JKA VELLECA, WM JUBERT, S GREEN, TA BRYAN, L TI EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE CD4 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ENUMERATION OF CD4 LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; CD4 T LYMPHOCYTE; ABSOLUTE CD4 T LYMPHOCYTE; HIV DISEASE ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SUBSETS AB Enumeration of CD4(+) T cells from persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important, Traditionally this measurement has been calculated by multiplying the percent of lymphocytes that are CD4(+) T cells (from flow cytometry) and the number of lymphocytes per mu 1 of blood (from hematology measures). Recently, several manufacturers have developed new techniques for determining absolute numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells without the need for the flow cytometer and hematology analyzer. We evaluated these methods for accuracy (comparison with traditional methodology) and precision (variability of replicate determinations) as well as for use with specimens older than 1 day. Precision of the assays as determined by the coefficients of variation (CV) from replicates varied from about 3% to about 12%, depending on the assay and the HIV status of the patient. Correlation coefficients of test method results with the standard methodology (r) were all greater than 0.9, and in most cases slopes were close to 1.0 for both CD4 and CD8. Though each methodology will meet different requirements in the laboratory, our results indicate that these assays are all acceptable for enumerating CD4 and CD8 cells in HIV+ as well as HIV- patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1-1202,A25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 28 PY 1994 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(94)90142-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA QC225 UT WOS:A1994QC22500007 PM 7822837 ER PT J AU BIELLIK, RJ LOBANOV, A HEATH, K REICHLER, M TJAPEPUA, V ALLIES, T VANNIEKERK, ABW SCHOUB, BD AF BIELLIK, RJ LOBANOV, A HEATH, K REICHLER, M TJAPEPUA, V ALLIES, T VANNIEKERK, ABW SCHOUB, BD TI POLIOMYELITIS IN NAMIBIA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 MINIST HLTH,WINDHOEK,NAMIBIA. NATL INST VIROL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP BIELLIK, RJ (reprint author), WHO,AFRO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,BRAZZAVILLE,CONGO. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 24 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8939-4 BP 1776 EP 1776 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92917-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PY281 UT WOS:A1994PY28100050 PM 7997029 ER PT J AU STREBEL, PM AUBERTCOMBIESCU, A IONNEDELCU, N BIBERIMOROEANU, S COMBIESCU, M SUTTER, RW KEW, OM PALLANSCH, MA PATRIARCA, PA COCHI, SL AF STREBEL, PM AUBERTCOMBIESCU, A IONNEDELCU, N BIBERIMOROEANU, S COMBIESCU, M SUTTER, RW KEW, OM PALLANSCH, MA PATRIARCA, PA COCHI, SL TI PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN ROMANIA, 1984-1992 - EVIDENCE FOR A HIGH-RISK OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED-DISEASE AND REINTRODUCTION OF WILD-VIRUS INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL ID UNITED-STATES; POLIOVIRUS; TEMPERATURE AB Although poliomyelitis due to wild-virus infection has virtually disappeared from Romania, with no cases having been documented between 1984 and 1989, vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis has been reported at very high rates for over two decades. In November 1990, to decrease the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, oral poliovirus vaccine produced in Romania was replaced by imported oral vaccine made by a Western European manufacturer. To better quantify the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and the impact of the change in vaccine manufacturer, the authors reviewed clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data on poliomyelitis cases that occurred in Romania from 1984 to 1992. Poliovirus isolates were characterized at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the period 1984-1992, 132 confirmed cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in Romania, of which 13 were classified as wild-virus-associated, 93 as vaccine-associated, and 26 as ''of unknown origin.'' Wild type 1 poliovirus was isolated during 1990-1992 from nine of 13 (69%) cases in an outbreak that occurred primarily among undervaccinated gypsy children. Vaccine-associated cases were epidemiologically and virologically distinct from wild-virus cases. Of the 93 vaccine-associated cases, 45 children were recipients and 48 were contacts. The overall risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Romania (I case per 183,000 doses of oral poliovirus Vaccine distributed) was 14-fold higher than the risk in the United States. The risks of recipient vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis related to the first dose of oral vaccine were similar for Romanian and imported Vaccine (1 case per 95,000 doses and 1 case per 65,000 doses, respectively), as were the total risks of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. These findings definitively demonstrate a substantially elevated risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Romania which was not affected by a change in oral poliovirus vaccine manufacturer. C1 CANTACUZINO INST,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. MINIST HLTH,EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. NATL LAB CONTROL SERA & VACCINES,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP STREBEL, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 12 BP 1111 EP 1124 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY632 UT WOS:A1994PY63200005 PM 7998593 ER PT J AU MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ AF MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ TI INCREASED MORTALITY FROM BRAIN-TUMORS - A COMBINED OUTCOME OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY AND CHANCE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD THE ELDERLY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP MODAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 12 BP 1141 EP 1143 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY632 UT WOS:A1994PY63200009 ER PT J AU MULLOOLY, JP BENNETT, MD HORNBROOK, MC BARKER, WH WILLIAMS, WW PATRIARCA, PA RHODES, PH AF MULLOOLY, JP BENNETT, MD HORNBROOK, MC BARKER, WH WILLIAMS, WW PATRIARCA, PA RHODES, PH TI INFLUENZA VACCINATION PROGRAMS FOR ELDERLY PERSONS - COST-EFFECTIVENESS IN A HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOMES; RISK; REDUCTION; PNEUMONIA; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT AB Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness and net medical care costs of programs for annual influenza vaccinations for the elderly in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Design: Population-based, case-control study. Setting: The Northwest Region of Kaiser Permanente, a prepaid group practice HMO in Portland, Oregon. Participants: Kaiser Permanente members 65 years of age and older who had at least 1 month of HMO eligibility during any of nine influenza seasons in the 1980s. Measurements: The HMO's costs for providing medical care and conducting Vaccination programs were estimated using accounting data. Results: 32% of high-risk elderly persons and 22% of non-high-risk elderly persons received influenza vaccinations. Aggregate vaccine effectiveness in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations was 30% (95% CI, 17% to 42%) for high-risk and 40% (CI, 1% to 64%) for non-high-risk elderly persons. The net savings to the HMO per vaccination was $6.11 for high-risk elderly persons and $1.10 for all elderly persons. The HMO incurred a net cost of $4.82 per vaccination for non-high-risk elderly persons. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination rates in this HMO were relatively low for high-risk elderly persons. The medical care costs saved by preventing pneumonia and influenza through Vaccination of high-risk elderly persons provide a compelling rationale to increase compliance with recommendations for annual influenza vaccination. Indirect benefits, such as prevention of suffering, incapacity, and lost wages, are likely to compensate for the small net cost of vaccinating non-highrisk elderly persons. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT SERV,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30305. RP MULLOOLY, JP (reprint author), KAISER PERMANENTE CTR HLTH RES,3800 N KAISER CTR DR,PORTLAND,OR 97227, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-89-0748] NR 22 TC 241 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 12 BP 947 EP 952 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PW083 UT WOS:A1994PW08300008 PM 7978721 ER PT J AU FUKUDA, K STRAUS, SE HICKIE, I SHARPE, MC DOBBINS, JG KOMAROFF, A SCHLUEDERBERG, A JONES, JF LLOYD, AR WESSELY, S GANTZ, NM HOLMES, GP BUCHWALD, D ABBEY, S REST, J LEVY, JA JOLSON, H PETERSON, DL VERCOULEN, JHMM TIRELLI, U EVENGARD, B NATELSON, BH STEELE, L REYES, M REEVES, WC AF FUKUDA, K STRAUS, SE HICKIE, I SHARPE, MC DOBBINS, JG KOMAROFF, A SCHLUEDERBERG, A JONES, JF LLOYD, AR WESSELY, S GANTZ, NM HOLMES, GP BUCHWALD, D ABBEY, S REST, J LEVY, JA JOLSON, H PETERSON, DL VERCOULEN, JHMM TIRELLI, U EVENGARD, B NATELSON, BH STEELE, L REYES, M REEVES, WC TI THE CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME - A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO ITS DEFINITION AND STUDY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-HEALTH; FOLLOW-UP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; INSTRUMENT; DISORDERS; HISTORY; SCALE AB The complexities of the chronic fatigue syndrome and the methodologic problems associated with its study indicate the need for a comprehensive, systematic, and integrated approach to the evaluation, classification, and study of persons with this condition and other fatiguing illnesses. We propose a conceptual framework and a set of guidelines that provide such an approach. Our guidelines include recommendations for the clinical evaluation of fatigued persons, a revised case definition of the chronic fatigue syndrome, and a strategy for subgrouping fatigued persons in formal investigations. C1 NIH,CLIN INVEST LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. PRINCE HENRY HOSP,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. UNIV NEW S WALES,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. UNIV OXFORD,WARNEFORD HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OXFORD OX3 7JX,ENGLAND. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV GEN MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80202. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,SCH MED & DENT,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. POLYCLIN MED CTR,HARRISBURG,PA. PENN STATE COLL MED,HARRISBURG,PA. TEXAS A&M UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76508. SCOTT & WHITE MEM HOSP & CLIN,TEMPLE,TX 76508. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. LAKE TAHOE MED CTR,INCLINE VILLAGE,NV. UNIV NIJMEGEN HOSP,6500 HB NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. CTR REG RIFERMINENTO ONCOL,AVIANO,ITALY. HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP,KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. ALTA BATES COMMUNITY HOSP,BERKELEY,CA. RP FUKUDA, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP A15,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Wessely, Simon/A-8713-2008; Vercoulen, J.H.M.M./L-4706-2015 NR 46 TC 2548 Z9 2639 U1 18 U2 117 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 12 BP 953 EP 959 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PW083 UT WOS:A1994PW08300009 PM 7978722 ER PT J AU SCOTT, JA COLLINS, FH FEYEREISEN, R AF SCOTT, JA COLLINS, FH FEYEREISEN, R TI DIVERSTY OF CYTOCHROME-P450 GENES IN THE MOSQUITO, ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; P450-GENE; FAMILY-4 AB Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed for conserved regions of cytochrome P450 proteins of the CYP4 family and were used to amplify cDNA or genomic DNA from different strains of the New World malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus (Weidemann). The PCR products were cloned, sequenced and compared to each other and to members of the P450 family CYP4. Seventeen new P450 genes were identified in five CYP4 subfamilies. Five of the ten PCR products of genomic DNA were shown to contain a short (60-79 bp) intron at the same position as introns in the Drosophila CYP4D2 and CYP4EI genes. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. RI Feyereisen, Rene/I-3140-2012 OI Feyereisen, Rene/0000-0002-9560-571X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06694]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 39014] NR 22 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 2 BP 1452 EP 1459 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2828 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PY706 UT WOS:A1994PY70600067 PM 7545968 ER PT J AU KREBS, JW STRINE, TW SMITH, JS RUPPRECHT, CE CHILDS, JE AF KREBS, JW STRINE, TW SMITH, JS RUPPRECHT, CE CHILDS, JE TI RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1993 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS AB In 1993, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 9,495 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for Disease control and Prevention. Greater than 93% (8,889 cases) were wild animals, whereas 6.4% (606 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 9.9% over that of 1992 (8,645 cases), with most oi the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons (37.1% increase in reported cases over 1992). The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions) approach convergence in North Carolina (106 cases of rabies in 1993, compared with 49 in 1992). Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont remained the only New England states without reported cases associated with the raccoon variant of the rabies virus. New York reported 2,747 cases of rabies, the largest number qi cases ever reported during a single year by any state. Increases in reported cases of rabies in Texas and 8 other geographically dispersed states were attributed mainly to larger numbers of reported cases of rabies in bats. Texas reported 71 oi the 74 cases in coyotes during 1993 (70 oi 75 cases in 1992). Nationally, reported cases oi rabies in dogs (130) and cattle (130) each decreased by 29% in 1993, whereas cats (291 cases in 1993, compared with 290 in 1992) continued to be the domestic animal most frequently reported rabid. Twenty-two states and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1993, compared with 20 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 1992. Hawaii was the only stale that did not report a case of rabies in 1993. RP KREBS, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1709 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PW606 UT WOS:A1994PW60600015 PM 7744643 ER PT J AU ANGULO, FJ GLASER, CA JURANEK, DD LAPPIN, MR REGNERY, RL AF ANGULO, FJ GLASER, CA JURANEK, DD LAPPIN, MR REGNERY, RL TI CAVING FOR PETS OF IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105. COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT CLIN SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP ANGULO, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 72 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 12 BP 1711 EP 1718 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PW606 UT WOS:A1994PW60600016 PM 7605476 ER PT J AU KASS, EM SZANIAWSKI, WK LEVY, H LEACH, J SRINIVASAN, K RIVES, C AF KASS, EM SZANIAWSKI, WK LEVY, H LEACH, J SRINIVASAN, K RIVES, C TI RICKETTSIALPOX IN A NEW-YORK-CITY-HOSPITAL, 1980 TO 1989 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN SPOTTED-FEVER AB Background. Rickettsialpox is caused by Rickettsia akari, which is transmitted from rodents to humans by bloodsucking mites. The initial skin lesion forms an eschar and is followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, and 5 to 40 maculopapules and papulovesicles. The disease, which responds to tetracycline, can be mistaken for chickenpox. The diagnosis has been based on an increase in serum antibody titers against R. akari over a period of three to eight weeks. We discuss a more rapid technique that uses direct immunofluorescence to identify R. akari in paraffin-embedded tissue, and we describe the histopathological findings of lesional skin. Methods. We studied 13 patients (age, 11 months to 58 years) who were seen at Lincoln Hospital in New York City from 1980 to 1989 and were suspected of having rickettsialpox. In nine patients serum samples were obtained during the acute and convalescent phases of the illness for indirect fluorescent-antibody testing. Punch-biopsy specimens of skin lesions were examined by microscopy and by direct fluorescent-antibody testing with an anti-R. rickettsii globulin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Results. The diagnosis was confirmed in all 13 patients by indirect or direct fluorescent-antibody techniques, Direct fluorescent-antibody testing of eschars from seven patients was positive in five patients, but negative in two patients who had serologically confirmed rickettsialpox. In contrast, direct fluorescent-antibody testing of papulovesicles from nine patients was positive in only one patient. Histopathological analysis of the eschars revealed extensive necrosis and inflammation. In biopsy specimens of papulovesicles, dermal edema, subepidermal vesicles, and vascular changes were present. Conclusions. The combination of direct fluorescent-antibody testing of an eschar from the presumed site of inoculation and histopathological examination of papulovesicles for distinctive features represents an improved method of diagnosing rickettsialpox. C1 DERMATOPATHOL ASSOCIATES NEW YORK,NEW ROCHELLE,NY 10805. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY. LINCOLN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 24 BP 1612 EP 1617 DI 10.1056/NEJM199412153312403 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PW446 UT WOS:A1994PW44600003 PM 7969341 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, JM AF MCNEIL, JM TI PREVALENCE OF DISABILITIES AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH CONDITIONS - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 730-731, 737-739, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,BUR STAT & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,OFF DIRECTOR,DISABIL PREVENT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCNEIL, JM (reprint author), US ECON & STAT ADM,BUR CENSUS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 14 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 22 BP 1735 EP 1737 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PV815 UT WOS:A1994PV81500021 ER PT J AU BARKER, D AF BARKER, D TI REASONS FOR TOBACCO USE AND SYMPTOMS OF NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG-ADULT TOBACCO USERS - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 745-750, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SMOKING C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BARKER, D (reprint author), ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FDN,PRINCETON,NJ, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 21 BP 1648 EP 1649 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU759 UT WOS:A1994PU75900007 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, RA JENKINS, EL MERCY, JA AF GOODMAN, RA JENKINS, EL MERCY, JA TI WORKPLACE-RELATED HOMICIDE AMONG HEALTH-CARE WORKERS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980 THROUGH 1990 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AB Objective.-To improve understanding of the epidemiology of fatal violence directed toward physicians and other health care workers (HCWs) in health care settings. Design.-Analyses of data for 1980 through 1990 from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system. Main Outcome Measures.-Overall occurrence of occupational injury deaths and occurrence of workplace-related homicides among HCWs. Results.-From 1980 through 1990, a total of 522 HCWs died from injuries sustained while working. The most common causes of death were motor vehicle crashes (122 [23.4%1]), homicide (106 [20.3%]), and suicide (88 [16.9%]). Firearms were used in the greatest number (78 [73.6%]) of workplace-related homicides among HCWs. Conclusions.-These findings highlight the need for strengthened surveillance and more accurate estimates of the risks of workplace-related violent injury for HCWs in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GOODMAN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF MSC08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 7 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 21 BP 1686 EP 1688 DI 10.1001/jama.272.21.1686 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU759 UT WOS:A1994PU75900028 PM 7966897 ER PT J AU MALKIN, R MOSS, CE AF MALKIN, R MOSS, CE TI RE - BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY AMONG FEMALE ELECTRICAL WORKERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter RP MALKIN, R (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,MAIL STOP R-10,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 7 PY 1994 VL 86 IS 23 BP 1801 EP 1802 DI 10.1093/jnci/86.23.1801 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PU633 UT WOS:A1994PU63300023 PM 7966423 ER PT J AU QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF PIENIAZEK, NJ COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF PIENIAZEK, NJ COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI BLOOD AND SPOROZOITE STAGE-SPECIFIC SMALL-SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA-ENCODING GENES OF THE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO GENE LA English DT Article DE STAGE-SPECIFIC RIBOSOMAL-RNA EXPRESSION; MOSQUITO STAGE 18S; MONKEY; RODENT; ALIGNMENT; DIAGNOSTICS ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; FALCIPARUM MALARIA; NUCLEIC-ACID; SEQUENCE AB Malaria parasites, unlike other eukaryotes, have developmentally controlled distinct small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA)-encoding genes (SSUrDNA), sporozoite stage-specific C and blood stage-specific A genes. This report describes characterization of the C and A forms of SSUrDNA from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. We have aligned and compared these sequences with the reported SSUrDNA sequences of other human malaria parasites to identify the regions with potential for diagnostic probes. The comparison revealed the presence of seven conserved regions (greater than or equal to 90% similarity), four highly variable regions (<60% similarity) and three semiconserved regions. The analysis also revealed that the A and C genes of P. vivax share more similarity with each other, as compared to the A and C genes of P. falciparum. Comparison of the SSUrDNA of human, monkey and rodent malaria parasites revealed that the A genes share more similarity with each other than the C genes share with each other. RP QARI, SH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 2 PY 1994 VL 150 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PV421 UT WOS:A1994PV42100006 PM 7959061 ER PT J AU SARGENT, RG SCHULKEN, ED KEMPER, KA HUSSEY, JA AF SARGENT, RG SCHULKEN, ED KEMPER, KA HUSSEY, JA TI BLACK-AND-WHITE ADOLESCENT FEMALES PREPREGNANCY NUTRITION STATUS SO ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DIETARY; CALCIUM; WOMEN AB The dietary intakes of energy, protein, calcium, and iron of 408 randomly selected nonpregnant, black and white female adolescents were analyzed to determine their pre-pregnancy nutritional status. Pre-pregnancy weight for height was calculated and used as an indicator of nutritional status. After controlling for race, socioeconomic status, and age, results indicated that black females had significantly higher mean intakes of energy (p = .0001), protein (p < .0001), calcium (p = .0205), and iron (p = .0001) than did white females. Distribution of white and black females in the percentages of RDA categories differed significantly for energy (p < .0001), protein (p < .0001), and iron (p < .0001). A higher percentage of white fremales were found in the three lower categories (<100% of RDA) than of black females. No significant differences were found in the distribution of black and white females in the three Body, Mass Index categories. A large proportion of both black and white females' intakes of energy, calcium, and iron were below the recommended allowances when categorized according to the percentages of recommended intakes. Thirty-seven percent of the black females and 42.6% of the white females were classified by their BMIs as being underweight. These findings suggest that the majority of black and white females surveyed had poor pre-pregnancy nutritional status. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CLEMSON UNIV,SCH HLTH SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29631. RP SARGENT, RG (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0001-8449 J9 ADOLESCENCE JI Adolescence PD WIN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 116 BP 845 EP 858 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA PY848 UT WOS:A1994PY84800008 PM 7892795 ER PT J AU LAL, RB OWEN, SM MINGLE, J LEVINE, PH MANNS, A AF LAL, RB OWEN, SM MINGLE, J LEVINE, PH MANNS, A TI PRESENCE OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II IN GHANA, WEST-AFRICA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HTLV-II; INFECTION; INDIANS; ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOMA AB Until recently, HTLV-I was considered to be an Old World virus and HTLV-II was thought to be endemic in the Americas. However, the presence of HTLV-II among Pygmies and other populations of Africa has raised doubts as to whether HTLV-II is primarily a New World virus. The large serosurveys conducted in the urban and rural areas of southern Ghana have identified a 1-2% prevalence for HTLV-I/II. To define the HTLV type, we have used a Western blot assay (HTLV-2.3 blot) that allows simultaneous confirmation and differentiation between HTLVs. Samples (n = 139) were chosen on the basis of previous reactivity with either an enzyme immune assay or r21e-spiked WE results. The WE 2.3 analysis of these specimens identified 55 (40%) to be HTLV positive, 70 (50%) to be HTLV indeterminant, and 14 (10%) to be HTLV negative for HTLV. HTLV seroindeterminant patterns ranged from both gag and env (14 were r21(+), p24(+), and/or p19(+) [all were RIPA negative]) to gag only (21 were p24(+)/p19(+), 16 were p19(+), and 7 were p24(+)), and env only (8 were r21(+) and 4 were rgp46(+)) reactivities. Of the 55 HTLV-positive specimens, 41 were typed as HTLV-I, 9 were HTLV-II, and 5 could not be typed (HTLV-I/II). Of the nine HTLV-II-positive specimens, three were from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and six were from healthy individuals (two pregnant women) with no obvious risk factors for HTLV-II. Interestingly, two of the infected individuals were children under 13 years of age. Although sexual transmission is unlikely, they may have been infected through breast-feeding. Thus, Ghana can be added to the list of African countries, including Zaire, Gabon, Ethiopia, Somalia, Ivory Coast, and Guinea, where HTLV-II has previously been reported. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CDC,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BURKITT TUMOR PROJECT,ACCRA,GHANA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20852. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1747 EP 1750 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1747 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PZ088 UT WOS:A1994PZ08800021 PM 7888235 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT REYNOLDS, J WICKMAN, D AF KENNEDY, ER ABELL, MT REYNOLDS, J WICKMAN, D TI A SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MULTIPLE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN AIR SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A sampling and analytical method for organophosphorus pesticides using a combined filter/XAD-2 sorbent sampler and gas chromatography (GC)-flame photometric detection (FPD) was developed. The method was evaluated for 19 organophosphorus pesticides based on the joint Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standards Completion Program methods evaluation protocol. The evaluation addressed analyte recovery, sampler capacity, sample stability, and precision and accuracy. Additional experiments addressed long-term sample stability (30-day storage), short-term exposure limits, limits of detection, and concentration levels down to 0.1 times an exposure limit value. Samples were stable for 30 days of storage under either ambient or refrigerated conditions. Based on this research, all 19 compounds studied can be successfully determined simultaneously using one method with an accuracy of +/- 25% of the hue value 95 times out of 100 . C1 DATACHEM LABS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84123. RP KENNEDY, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1172 EP 1177 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<1172:ASAAMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV615 UT WOS:A1994PV61500008 PM 7825517 ER PT J AU NASCA, PC LIU, SM BAPTISTE, MS KWON, CS JACOBSON, H METZGER, BB AF NASCA, PC LIU, SM BAPTISTE, MS KWON, CS JACOBSON, H METZGER, BB TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND BREAST-CANCER - ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS AND HISTOLOGY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DRINKING; BREAST NEOPLASMS; ESTROGENS; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN ID BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK; WOMEN; HEALTH; COHORT; DIET; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; HABITS AB Data from a case-control study conducted in New York State during 1982-1984 were used to evaluate the relation between alcohol consumption and estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers and alcohol and various histologic subtypes. The cases were women between 20 and 79 years of age with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer. A total of 794 estrogen receptor-positive and 358 estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cases were available for study. Controls (n = 1,617) were selected from driver's license files of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Information on estrogen receptor status and histology was obtained from hospital records. The risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was shown to increase with increasing amounts of alcohol consumption in grams per day (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18(95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.88-1.57) for <1.5 g/day, 1.28 (95% Cl 0.91-1.80) for 1.5-4.9 g/day, 1.28 (95% Cl 0.96-1.70) for 5.0-14.9 g/day, and 1.35 (95% Cl 0.99-1.85) for greater than or equal to 15.0 g/day). There was no relation between alcohol consumption and estrogen receptor-negative tumors (OR = 0.92 (95% Cl 0.62-1.36) for <1.5 g/day, 1.19 (95% Cl 0.77-1.83) for 1.5-4.9 g/day, 0.94 (95% Cl 0.64-1.35) for 5.0-14.9 g/day, and 1.05 (95% Cl 0.70-1.59) for greater than or equal to 15.0 g/day). The risk for each of the histologic subtypes studied increased with increasing daily alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that alcohol may only increase a woman's risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, BUR CANC EPIDEMIOL, ALBANY, NY USA. A O FOX MEM HOSP, DEPT PATHOL, ONEONTA, NY USA. ALBANY MED COLL, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, ALBANY, NY USA. RP NASCA, PC (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, SCH PUBL HLTH & HLTH SCI, ROOM 406, ARNOLD HOUSE, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 29622] NR 53 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 11 BP 980 EP 988 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV077 UT WOS:A1994PV07700003 PM 7985660 ER PT J AU MANNINO, DM KLEVENS, RM FLANDERS, WD AF MANNINO, DM KLEVENS, RM FLANDERS, WD TI CIGARETTE-SMOKING - AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR IMPOTENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMPOTENCE; SMOKING ID MEN; DYSFUNCTION AB The authors sought to determine whether current cigarette smoking was associated with impotence among middle-aged men. This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 4,462 US Army Vietnam-era veterans aged 31-49 years who took part in the Vietnam Experience Study in 1985-1986. The main outcome measurement was the odds ratio for reported impotence, which was calculated by comparing current smokers with nonsmokers while controlling for multiple confounders. The study sample consisted of 1,162 never smokers, 1,292 former smokers, and 2,008 current smokers. The prevalence of impotence was 2.2% among never smokers, 2.0% among former smokers, and 3.7% among current smokers (p = 0.005). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of the association between smoking and reported impotence was 1.8 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.2-2.6). The association held even after adjustments were made for confounders, including vascular disease, psychiatric disease, hormonal factors, substance abuse, marital status, race, and age (OR = 1.5, 95% Cl 1.0-2.2). Neither years smoked nor cigarettes smoked daily were significant predictors of impotence in current smokers. The authors concluded that, among the men in this study, a higher percentage of cigarette smokers reported impotence than did nonsmokers. This observation could not be totally explained by comorbidity factors related to smoking. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, OFF SMOKING & HLTH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP MANNINO, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 34 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1003 EP 1008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV077 UT WOS:A1994PV07700005 PM 7985647 ER PT J AU HWANG, SJ BEATY, TH LIANG, KY CORESH, J KHOURY, MJ AF HWANG, SJ BEATY, TH LIANG, KY CORESH, J KHOURY, MJ TI MINIMUM SAMPLE-SIZE ESTIMATION TO DETECT GENE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENT; GENETIC MARKERS; RESEARCH DESIGN ID GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; CLEFT-LIP; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PALATE AB As genetic markers become more available, case-control studies will be increasingly important in defining the role of genetic factors in disease causality. The authors estimate the minimum sample size needed to assure adequate statistical power to detect gene-environment interaction. One assumption is made: the prevalence of exposure is independent of marker genotypes among controls. Given the assumption, six parameters (three odds ratios, the prevalence of exposure, the proportion of those with the susceptible genotype, and the ratio of controls to cases) dictate the expected cell sizes in a 2 x 2 x 2 table contrasting genetic susceptibility, exposure, and disease. The three odds ratios reflect the association between disease and I) exposure among non-susceptibles; 2) susceptible genotypes among nonexposed individuals; and 3) the gene-environment interaction itself, respectively. Given these parameters, the number of cases and controls needed to assure any particular Type I and Type II error rates can be estimated. Results presented here demonstrate that case-control designs can be used to detect gene-environment interaction when there is both a common exposure and a highly polymorphic marker of susceptibility. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HWANG, SJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ROOM 6507,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Liang, Kung-Yee/F-8299-2011 NR 14 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1037 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV077 UT WOS:A1994PV07700009 PM 7985651 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, M ARDAY, DR MERRITT, RK GIOVINO, GA AF SIEGEL, M ARDAY, DR MERRITT, RK GIOVINO, GA TI RISK ATTRIBUTION AND TOBACCO-RELATED DEATHS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SIEGEL, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1051 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV077 UT WOS:A1994PV07700011 PM 7985653 ER PT J AU BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE LALICH, NR SESTITO, JP AF BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE LALICH, NR SESTITO, JP TI MORTALITY AMONG FIRE-FIGHTERS - A 27-STATE SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE FIRE FIGHTERS; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; DEATH CERTIFICATE DATA; MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE ID DEATH CERTIFICATE; FIREFIGHTERS; ACCURACY; HAZARDS; AUTOPSY; CANCER; COHORT RP BURNETT, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,MAILSTOP R-18,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 6 BP 831 EP 833 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700260612 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QF922 UT WOS:A1994QF92200011 PM 7892834 ER PT J AU WARD, JW FLEMING, PL BUEHLER, JW AF WARD, JW FLEMING, PL BUEHLER, JW TI WHAT WILL BE THE ROLE OF HIV-INFECTION REPORTING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30329. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1888 EP 1889 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.12.1888 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY309 UT WOS:A1994PY30900003 PM 7998622 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY BYERS, RH HERSH, BS CONTI, L RIETMEIJER, CA MOKOTOFF, E FANN, SA BOYD, D IGLESIAS, L CHECKO, PJ FREDERICK, M HERMANN, P HERR, M SAMUEL, MC AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY BYERS, RH HERSH, BS CONTI, L RIETMEIJER, CA MOKOTOFF, E FANN, SA BOYD, D IGLESIAS, L CHECKO, PJ FREDERICK, M HERMANN, P HERR, M SAMUEL, MC TI THE TYPES OF DRUGS USED BY HIV-INFECTED INJECTION-DRUG USERS IN A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT - IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK-FACTORS; ABUSE AB Objectives. This study sought to describe the drugs used by drug injectors infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to determine factors associated with the primary injection drug used. Methods. A cross-section of persons 18 years of age or older reported with HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to local health departments in 11 US states : and cities was surveyed. Results. Of 4162 persons interviewed, 1147 (28%) reported ever having injected drugs. Of these 1147 injectors, 72% primarily injected a drug other than heroin. However, the types of drugs injected varied notably by place of residence. Heroin was the most commonly injected drug in Detroit (94%) and Connecticut (48%); cocaine was the most common in South Carolina (64%), Atlanta (56%), Delaware (55%), Denver (46%), and Arizona (44%); speedball was most common in Florida (46%); and amphetamines were most common in Washington (56%). Other determinants of the type of drug primarily injected were often similar by region of residence, except for heroin use. Polysubstance : abuse was common; 75% injected more than one type of drug, and 85% reported noninjected drug use. Conclusions. Preventing the further spread of HIV will require more drug abuse treatment programs that go beyond methadone, address polysubstance abuse, and adapt to local correlates of the primary drug used. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. DELAWARE DEPT HLTH,WILMINGTON,DE. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1971 EP 1975 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.12.1971 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY309 UT WOS:A1994PY30900020 PM 7998639 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED EFFLER, PV MASLANKOWSKI, L ANSDELL, V PON, E BARRETT, TJ TAUXE, RV AF MINTZ, ED EFFLER, PV MASLANKOWSKI, L ANSDELL, V PON, E BARRETT, TJ TAUXE, RV TI A RAPID PUBLIC-HEALTH RESPONSE TO A CRYPTIC OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA IN HAWAII SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; AMERICA AB In November 1991, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 infection was confirmed in two unrelated persons in Hawaii. Cholera had not been acquired in Hawaii since 1895. To determine the source and extent of V cholerae O1 infections in Hawaii, both patients were interviewed, suspect food sources were investigated, and surveillance of physicians, laboratories, hospitals, and sewage treatment plants was instituted. One patient's husband had serologic titers consistent with recent V cholerae O1 infection; no other cases were confirmed and V cholerae O1 was not recovered from active surveillance of laboratories or sewage treatment plants. The investigation demonstrated that the outbreak had affected few persons and had ended. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. HAWAII PERMANENTE MED GRP,HONOLULU,HI. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI. RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1988 EP 1991 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.12.1988 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY309 UT WOS:A1994PY30900024 PM 7998643 ER PT J AU LANSER, S MCNABB, SJN HORAN, JM AF LANSER, S MCNABB, SJN HORAN, JM TI A COMPUTERIZED SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR DISEASE OUTBREAKS IN OKLAHOMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SERV,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 2029 EP 2029 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.12.2029 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY309 UT WOS:A1994PY30900038 PM 7998656 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE PYE, D CREWTHER, PE VANDENBERG, KL GALLAND, GG SULZER, AJ KEMP, DJ EDWARDS, SJ COPPEL, RL SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL ANDERS, RF AF COLLINS, WE PYE, D CREWTHER, PE VANDENBERG, KL GALLAND, GG SULZER, AJ KEMP, DJ EDWARDS, SJ COPPEL, RL SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL ANDERS, RF TI PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY INDUCED IN SQUIRREL-MONKEYS WITH RECOMBINANT APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1 OF PLASMODIUM FRAGILE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; KNOWLESI MEROZOITE ANTIGEN; OWL MONKEYS; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNIZATION; TRIALS; BLOOD; VACCINE; PROTEIN; INHIBIT AB Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys were immunized with the Plasmodium fragile form of the merozoite apical membrane antigen-1 produced using the baculovirus expression system and combined with Montanide ISA 720 adjuvant. Following three immunizations, monkeys were challenged with 10,000 P. fragile trophozoite parasites. Antibody titers determined by fluorescence microscopy indicated an enhanced response following the second immunization. Four of five control animals had parasite counts > 5% 18-26 days following challenge. Four of five immunized monkeys had reduced levels of maximum parasitemia or delays in accumulated parasite counts, suggestive of protection. Rechallenge of the animals with P. falciparum resulted in three of four adjuvant control animals developing patent parasitemia whereas none of five immunized animals were infected, suggesting some level of heterologous protection. C1 CSL LTD,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. WALTER & ELIZA HALL INST MED RES,MELBOURNE,VIC 3050,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124 NR 23 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 6 BP 711 EP 719 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QB813 UT WOS:A1994QB81300001 PM 7810803 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, AE GILMAN, R GARCIA, HH MCDONALD, J KACENA, K TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB SUAREZ, F GAVIDIA, C MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J VERASTEGUI, M CARCAMO, C MONTENEGRO, T EVANS, C MANTLE, R GONZALES, AE GUERRON, A CASTRO, AM TRELLES, L PORRAS, M ORRILLO, E ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L CALAGUA, L ALBAN, G RIOSSAAVEDRA, N GARATE, E MARTINEZ, H CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P RIVARA, A ROCCA, U CASTANEDA, M LESCANO, M VASQUEZ, LE SAMANIEGO, L MATSUOKA, J AF GONZALEZ, AE GILMAN, R GARCIA, HH MCDONALD, J KACENA, K TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB SUAREZ, F GAVIDIA, C MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J VERASTEGUI, M CARCAMO, C MONTENEGRO, T EVANS, C MANTLE, R GONZALES, AE GUERRON, A CASTRO, AM TRELLES, L PORRAS, M ORRILLO, E ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L CALAGUA, L ALBAN, G RIOSSAAVEDRA, N GARATE, E MARTINEZ, H CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P RIVARA, A ROCCA, U CASTANEDA, M LESCANO, M VASQUEZ, LE SAMANIEGO, L MATSUOKA, J TI USE OF SENTINEL PIGS TO MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL TAENIA-SOLIUM CONTAMINATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; VILLAGE; ASSAY; PERU AB We tested a novel approach to assay Taenia solium prevalence using the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay in sentinel piglets to determine environmental contamination with T. solium eggs in a disease-endemic zone in Fern. Twelve sentinel piglets from an area where the disease is not present were tested at two months of age, moved to an area where the disease is endemic, and retested at the of age nine months. Sentinel piglets native from this T. solium-endemic area were also tested concurrently at two and nine months of age. Of the non-native pigs, 33% (4 of 12) acquired new infection. Of the 28 native pigs tested, 64% (18 of 28) acquired the infection. In a subset of the native piglets from seronegative sows, 44% (4 of 9) were infected at five months of age. Serodiagnosis of sentinel piglets is a practical method to detect T. solium eggs in the environment. Furthermore, it permits indirect assessment of human risk, which may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of intervention programs. C1 AB PRISMA,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. UNIV UTAH,DEPT MED,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. INST NACL CIENCIAS NEUROL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP CAYETANO HEREDIA,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. HOSP GUILLERMO ALMENARA,ALMENARA,SPAIN. INST MED TROP SAN MARTIN,SAN MARTIN,MENDOZA,ARGENTINA. RP GONZALEZ, AE (reprint author), UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,FAC MED VET,LIMA,PERU. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 6 BP 847 EP 850 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QB813 UT WOS:A1994QB81300019 PM 7810821 ER PT J AU MORO, PL GUEVARA, A VERASTEGUI, M GILMAN, RH POMA, H TAPIA, B TSANG, VCW GARCIA, HH PACHECO, R LAPEL, C MIRANDA, E DIAZ, F NARANJO, J CARCAMO, C MONTENEGRO, T TORRES, P PILCHER, J EVANS, C GONZALES, AE MARTINEZ, M ALTAMIRANO, J ALVARADO, M ORRILLO, E ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L ALBAN, G RIOSSAAVEDRA, N CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P ROCCA, U LESCANO, M VASQUEZ, LE SAMANIEGO, L MATSUOKO, J AF MORO, PL GUEVARA, A VERASTEGUI, M GILMAN, RH POMA, H TAPIA, B TSANG, VCW GARCIA, HH PACHECO, R LAPEL, C MIRANDA, E DIAZ, F NARANJO, J CARCAMO, C MONTENEGRO, T TORRES, P PILCHER, J EVANS, C GONZALES, AE MARTINEZ, M ALTAMIRANO, J ALVARADO, M ORRILLO, E ESCALANTE, S PALOMINO, L ALBAN, G RIOSSAAVEDRA, N CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P ROCCA, U LESCANO, M VASQUEZ, LE SAMANIEGO, L MATSUOKO, J TI DISTRIBUTION OF HYDATIDOSIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN DIFFERENT PERUVIAN POPULATIONS AS DEMONSTRATED BY AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT (EITB) ASSAY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; ANTIGENS; DISEASE AB A serosurvey for human hydatidosis and cysticercosis was performed in different regions of Peru. Those regions included a known endemic area for cystic hydatid disease, a cooperative in the central Peruvian Andes near the city of Tarma, Department of Junin; three areas endemic for cysticercosis in the Departments of Ancash, Cuzco, and San Martin, where the status of hydatid disease is not well defined; and an urban shantytown near Lima, where neither zoonosis is known to be present. A seroprevalence for hydatidosis 1.9% (6 of 309) was found with both the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and double diffusion assays in the area endemic for hydatidosis. Seroprevalence in the other zones tested was zero using only the EITB assay. Cysticercosis seroprevalence was high in pig-raising zones but low in the high-altitude, sheep-raising areas and in the seaport of Callao. No cross-reactions between Echinococcus granulosus and cysticercosis were noted in any of the regions studied. Hydatid infection remains a major health problem in the central Peruvian Andes where sheep raising is widely practiced; however, in those regions where mainly swine are raised, human hydatid infection is not a problem. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,DEPT FARMACOL,LIMA,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV SAN ANTONIO ABAD CUZCO,DEPT MICROBIOL,CUZCO,PERU. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,PARASITOL LAB,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,DEPT FARMACOL,LIMA,PERU. UNIV SAN ANTONIO ABAD CUZCO,DEPT MICROBIOL,CUZCO,PERU. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. INST NACL CIENCIAS NEUROL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP CAYETANO HEREDIA,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. HOSP GUILERMO ALMENARA,ALMENARA,SPAIN. INST MED TROP SAN MARTIN,SAN MARTIN,MENDOZA,ARGENTINA. RP MORO, PL (reprint author), UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,PARASITOL LAB,LIMA,PERU. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 51 IS 6 BP 851 EP 855 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QB813 UT WOS:A1994QB81300020 PM 7810822 ER PT J AU COTTON, D HIGGINS, D PERSON, B DARROW, W AF COTTON, D HIGGINS, D PERSON, B DARROW, W TI CDC BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID AIDS-RISK BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; INFECTION RP COTTON, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1090 EP 1092 DI 10.1037//0003-066X.49.12.1090 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA PW536 UT WOS:A1994PW53600017 PM 7818224 ER PT J AU JAFFE, HW MCCURDY, JM KALISH, ML LIBERTI, T METELLUS, G BOWMAN, BH RICHARDS, SB NEASMAN, AR WITTE, JJ AF JAFFE, HW MCCURDY, JM KALISH, ML LIBERTI, T METELLUS, G BOWMAN, BH RICHARDS, SB NEASMAN, AR WITTE, JJ TI LACK OF HIV TRANSMISSION IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST WITH AIDS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; DENTISTS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, PATIENT-TO-PROFESSIONAL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, PROFESSIONAL-TO-PATIENT ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-PATIENT TRANSMISSION; DENTAL PRACTICE; INFECTED DENTIST; SEQUENCES AB Objectives: To determine whether dentist-to-patient or patient-to-patient transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurred in the practice of a dentist who had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: Retrospective epidemiologic investigation supported by molecular virology studies. Setting: The practice of a dentist with AIDS in an area with a high AIDS prevalence. Participants: A dentist with AIDS, his former employees, and his former patients, including 28 patients with HIV infection. Measurements: Identification of potential risks for acquisition of HIV infection-control practices. Results: A dentist with known behavioral risks for HIV infection, who was practicing in an area of Miami, Florida, that had a high rate of reported AIDS cases, disclosed that he frequently did invasive procedures and did not always follow recommended infection-control procedures. Of 6474 patients who had records of receiving care from the dentist during the last 5 years of practice, 1279 (19.8%) were known to have been tested for HIV infection and 24 of those (1.9%) were seropositive. Four other patients with HIV infection were identified through additional case-finding activities. Of these 28 patients with HIV infection, all but 4 had potential behavioral risk factors for infection. Phylogenetic tree analysis of HIV genetic sequences from the dentist and 24 of the patients with HIV infection showed an absence of strong bootstrap support for any grouping and therefore did not indicate that the virus strains were linked. Conclusions: Despite identifying numerous patients with HIV infection, we found no evidence of dentist-to-patient or patient-to-patient transmission of HIV during dental care. Our findings are consistent with those of all previous studies in this area, with the exception of one that did identify such transmission. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. ROCHE MOLEC SYST INC,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. RP JAFFE, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 11 BP 855 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PT628 UT WOS:A1994PT62800005 PM 7978698 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, CA MARIANOS, DW SCHOCHETMAN, G WITTE, JJ JAFFE, HW AF CIESIELSKI, CA MARIANOS, DW SCHOCHETMAN, G WITTE, JJ JAFFE, HW TI THE 1990 FLORIDA DENTAL INVESTIGATION - THE PRESS AND THE SCIENCE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV TRANSMISSION AB Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from a dentist to six of his patients was first reported in 1990 by the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, controversy and speculation have surrounded the investigation of that case. This controversy has been fueled by the inability to determine exactly how the transmissions occurred. Many theories have appeared in the media and have led to confusion and uncertainty about the facts of this investigation. Recently, a magazine article and a newspaper article, as well as a segment on the television newsmagazine ''60 Minutes,'' presented information that was largely based on findings by investigators hired as part of private litigation and that cast doubt on the conclusion that the patients had been infected by the dentist. However, these reports omitted pertinent epidemiologic and laboratory evidence that shows that no other sources of HIV infection could be documented for the six dental patients. The scientific evidence indicates that the Florida dentist transmitted HIV to six of his patients. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CIESIELSKI, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 11 BP 886 EP 888 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PT628 UT WOS:A1994PT62800011 PM 7978703 ER PT J AU FACKLER, ML HUTH, EJ PITKIN, RM RENNIE, D BEGG, C GREENLAND, S OLKIN, I STROUP, DF DEEN, DF LAU, J DERISH, P EASTWOOD, S LANG, T NICHOLS, K AF FACKLER, ML HUTH, EJ PITKIN, RM RENNIE, D BEGG, C GREENLAND, S OLKIN, I STROUP, DF DEEN, DF LAU, J DERISH, P EASTWOOD, S LANG, T NICHOLS, K TI CALL FOR COMMENTS ON A PROPOSAL TO IMPROVE REPORTING OF CLINICAL-TRIALS IN THE BIOMEDICAL LITERATURE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDICAL JOURNALS; GUIDELINES C1 WOUND BALLIST REVIEW,HAWTHORNE,FL. ON LINE JOURNAL CLIN TRIALS,PHILADELPHIA,PA. OBSTET & GYNECOL,LOS ANGELES,CA. JOURNAL AMER MED ASSOC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90032. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,BRAIN TUMOR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. ALZA CORP,PALO ALTO,CA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 11 BP 894 EP 895 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PT628 UT WOS:A1994PT62800015 ER PT J AU SCHINDLER, J PARYZEK, P FARMER, J AF SCHINDLER, J PARYZEK, P FARMER, J TI IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS SO BINARY-COMPUTING IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER; STRAINS AB To assess the potential for applying artifical neural networks to the identification of Gram-negative rods, four different networks were trained, differing by the number quality of strains in the training and test sets. A network was trained using 3429 strains and tested with 6859 strains identified 95.5% strains at the species level and 97.7% strains at the genus level. The sensitivity was 95.5 and specificity 99.9%. It was concluded that artificial neural networks are useful tools for phenotypic identification of Gram-negative rods. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP SCHINDLER, J (reprint author), CHARLES UNIV, FAC MED 3, CS-11636 PRAGUE 1, CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOLINE PI CARDIFF PA UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, SCHOOL PURE & APPLIED BIOLOGY, PO BOX 915, CARDIFF CF1 3TL, WALES SN 0266-304X J9 BINARY-COMPUT MICROB JI Binary-Comput. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 6 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science GA PY125 UT WOS:A1994PY12500003 ER PT J AU HADLER, SC AF HADLER, SC TI COST-BENEFIT OF COMBINING ANTIGENS SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Conference on Vaccinology - Combined Vaccines for Europe Pharmaceutical, Regulatory and Policy-Making Aspects CY MAY 18-20, 1994 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP EUROPEAN VACCINES MANUFACTURERS, EUROPEAN FEDERAT PHARM IND ASSOC, EUROPEAN SOC PAEDIAT INFECT DIS RP HADLER, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1006/biol.1994.1067 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QH160 UT WOS:A1994QH16000027 PM 7779372 ER PT J AU TAFFEL, SM KEPPEL, KG NOTZON, FC AF TAFFEL, SM KEPPEL, KG NOTZON, FC TI DONT IGNORE WEIGHT-GAIN DURING PREGNANCY SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Note ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT RP TAFFEL, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 1994 VL 21 IS 4 BP 229 EP 230 PG 2 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA PZ262 UT WOS:A1994PZ26200009 ER PT J AU SHEFER, AM TAPPERO, JW BRESEE, JS PETERS, CJ ASCHER, MS ZAKI, SR JACKSON, RJ WERNER, SB ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, ST BERTMAN, J PARKER, S FAILING, RM AF SHEFER, AM TAPPERO, JW BRESEE, JS PETERS, CJ ASCHER, MS ZAKI, SR JACKSON, RJ WERNER, SB ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, ST BERTMAN, J PARKER, S FAILING, RM TI HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME IN CALIFORNIA - REPORT OF 2 CASES AND INVESTIGATION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; KOREA AB We report two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that were probably acquired in California. Genetic analysis of tissue specimens from one of the patients revealed that the virus isolated is a variant of the strain (Sin Nombre virus) identified in the outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that occurred in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States in 1993. In addition to presenting the clinical features of the two cases, we discuss the possible risk factors for infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL ACT BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MOLEC PATHOL & ULTRASTRUCT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA. MONO CTY HLTH DEPT,MAMMOTH LAKES,CA. WASHOE CITY MED CTR,RENO,NV. SANTA BARBARA COTTAGE HOSP,SANTA BARBARA,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SHEFER, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1109 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PX260 UT WOS:A1994PX26000018 PM 7888541 ER PT J AU DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME AF DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME TI EMPIRICAL BAYES ESTIMATORS FOR SPATIALLY CORRELATED INCIDENCE RATES SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE MAPPING; GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SMOOTHING; INCIDENCE RATES; EMPIRICAL BAYES AB Assessments of the potential health impacts of contaminants and other environmental risk factors are often based on comparisons of disease rates among collections of spatially aligned areas. These comparisons are valid only if the observed rates adequately reflect the true underlying area-specific risk. In areas with small populations, observed incidence values can be highly unstable and true risk differences among areas can be masked by spurious fluctuations in the observed rates. We examine the use of Bayes and empirical Bayes methods for stabilizing incidence rates observed in geographically aligned areas. While these methods improve stability, both the Bayes and empirical Bayes approaches produce a histogram of the estimates that is too narrow when compared to the true distribution of risk. Constrained empirical Bayes estimators have been developed that provide improved estimation of the variance of the true rates. We use simulations to compare the performance of Bayes, empirical Bayes, and constrained empirical Bayes approaches for estimating incidence rates in a variety of multivariate Gaussian scenarios with differing levels of spatial dependence. The mean squared error of estimation associated with the simulated observed rates was, on average, five times greater than that of the Bayes empirical Bayes estimates. The sample variance of the standard Bayes and empirical Bayes estimates was consistently smaller than the variance of the simulated rates. The constrained estimators produced collections of rate estimates that dramatically improved estimation of the true dispersion of risk. In addition, the mean square error of the constrained empirical Bayes estimates was only slightly greater than that of the unconstrained rate estimates. We illustrate the use of empirical and constrained empirical Bayes estimators in an analysis of lung cancer mortality rates in Ohio. RP DEVINE, OJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 381 EP 398 DI 10.1002/env.3170050403 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA QF624 UT WOS:A1994QF62400002 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE TRIMARCHI, CV KREBS, JW AF CHILDS, JE TRIMARCHI, CV KREBS, JW TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BAT RABIES IN NEW-YORK-STATE, 1988-92 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; CHIROPTERAN RABIES; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; ANTIBODY AB In 1993 New York and Texas each reported a human rabies case traced to a rare variant of rabies virus found in an uncommon species of bat. This study examined the epidemiology of bat rabies in New York State. Demographic, species, and animal-contact information for bats submitted for rabies testing from 1988-92 was analysed. The prevalence of rabies in 6810 bats was 4.6 %. Nearly 90 % of the 308 rabid bats identified to species were the common big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), which comprised 62 % of all submissions. Only 25 submissions were silver-haired bats (Lasionycterus noctivagans): the species associated with the two 1993 human cases of rabies, and only two of these bats were positive. Rabies was most prevalent in female bats, in bats submitted because of human or animal contact, and in animals tested during September and October. These results highlight the unusual circumstances surrounding the recent human rabies cases in the United States. A species of bat rarely encountered by humans, and contributing little to the total rabies cases in bats, has been implicated in the majority of the indigenously acquired human rabies eases in the United States. The factors contributing to the transmission of this rare rabies variant remain unclear. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,MS G13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 113 IS 3 BP 501 EP 511 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA PY638 UT WOS:A1994PY63800012 PM 7995360 ER PT J AU DIXON, ZR BURRI, BJ CLIFFORD, A FRANKEL, EN SCHNEEMAN, BO PARKS, E KEIM, NL BARBIERI, T WU, MM FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ SOWELL, AL ERDMAN, JW AF DIXON, ZR BURRI, BJ CLIFFORD, A FRANKEL, EN SCHNEEMAN, BO PARKS, E KEIM, NL BARBIERI, T WU, MM FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ SOWELL, AL ERDMAN, JW TI EFFECTS OF A CAROTENE-DEFICIENT DIET ON MEASURES OF OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN ADULT WOMEN SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CAROTENE; HUMAN; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; FREE RADICALS ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; ANTIOXIDANT; OXYGEN; MICROSOMES; RADICALS AB The effect of consuming a low carotene diet ((similar to) 60 mu g carotene/day) on oxidative susceptibility and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in women living in a metabolic research unit was evaluated. The diet had sufficient vitamins A, E, and C. The women ate the diet supplemented with 1500 mu g/day beta-carotene for 4 days (baseline), then the unsupplemented diet for 68 days (depletion), followed by the diet supplemented with > 15,000 mu g/day carotene for 28 days (repletion). Production of hexanal, pentanal, and pentane by copper-oxidized plasma low density lipoproteins from carotene-depleted women was greater than their production of these compounds when repleted with carotene. Erythrocyte SOD activity was depressed in carotenede-pleted women; it recovered with repletion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma of carotene-depleted women were elevated and diminished with repletion. Dietary carotene seems to be needed, not only as a precursor of vitamin A, but also to inhibit oxidative damage and decrease oxidation susceptibility. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DIV NUTR SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. OI Parks, Elizabeth/0000-0001-5681-1097 FU PHS HHS [43098] NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90093-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PU933 UT WOS:A1994PU93300006 PM 7867970 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LS PERSKY, NW WHALL, AL CAMPBELL, R ALGASE, DL GILLIS, GL HALTER, JB AF ANDERSON, LS PERSKY, NW WHALL, AL CAMPBELL, R ALGASE, DL GILLIS, GL HALTER, JB TI INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM TRAINING IN GERIATRICS - REACHING OUT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE COMMUNITIES SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE HEALTH CARE; GERIATRIC TEAM CARE; PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION; TEAM TRAINING AB Since 1989, six teams in the state of Michigan have been involved in a team training program designed to promote the development of geriatric services in small to medium-size communities, The program was enthusiastically received by participants, but after 18 months, only half of the teams had implemented clinical services for older adults. Monitoring the progress of the teams over 18 months and analyzing the activities of two teams revealed that financially stable and supportive sponsoring agencies and the community were critical factors in the implementation of interdisciplinary clinical services in geriatrics. Future team training programs trying to promote the development of geriatric services in small to medium-size communities should try to address these issues through community organization interventions. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR GERIATR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NURSING,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,TURNER GERIATR OUTPATIENT CLIN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,DEPT SOCIAL SERV,SAN JOSE,CA 95128. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN,ANN ARBOR,MI. RP ANDERSON, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08671] NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 833 EP 838 PG 6 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA PX158 UT WOS:A1994PX15800018 PM 7843614 ER PT J AU MUSTAFA, AS DEGGERDAL, A LUNDIN, KEA MELOEN, RM SHINNICK, TM OFTUNG, F AF MUSTAFA, AS DEGGERDAL, A LUNDIN, KEA MELOEN, RM SHINNICK, TM OFTUNG, F TI AS HLA-DRW53-RESTRICTED T-CELL EPITOPE FROM A NOVEL MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE PROTEIN ANTIGEN IMPORTANT TO THE HUMAN-MEMORY T-CELL REPERTOIRE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; CLONES RECOGNIZE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; BOVIS BCG; LEPROSY; TUBERCULOSIS; INDUCTION; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION AB Cellular immunity mediated by T cells plays a major role in protection against intracellular infections, including leprosy a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. In this work, we describe CD4(+) T-cell clones, isolated from healthy humans immunized with M. leprae, which recognize a novel M. leprae protein antigen previously isolated from a lambda gt11 DNA expression library. On the basis of the deduced primary structure of the carboxyl-terminal part of the antigen, we have used a synthetic-peptide approach to exactly define the T-cell epitope recognized. Importantly, major histocompatibility complex restriction studies showed that the epitope is presented by an HLA-DRw53 molecule which is frequently expressed in many populations. In addition, we have demonstrated that a long-term cell-mediated immunity response against the peptide epitope is present after immunization with M. leprae. In conclusion, the M. leprae T-cell epitope described here fulfills the primary criteria for subunit vaccine candidates against leprosy. C1 NORWEGIAN RADIUM HOSP,IMMUNOL LAB,OSLO,NORWAY. NATL HOSP NORWAY,INST TRANSPLANTAT IMMUNOL,N-0027 OSLO,NORWAY. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,N-0462 OSLO,NORWAY. CENT VET INST,8200 AB LELYSTAD,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MUSTAFA, AS (reprint author), KUWAIT UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,POB 24923,SAFAT,KUWAIT. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 62 IS 12 BP 5595 EP 5602 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PT329 UT WOS:A1994PT32900053 PM 7525488 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HEPATITIS-C VIRUS - A DILEMMA SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PERSONNEL RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 12 BP 742 EP 744 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA PX100 UT WOS:A1994PX10000003 PM 7890921 ER PT J AU HATCH, DL WALDMAN, RJ LUNGU, GW PIRI, C AF HATCH, DL WALDMAN, RJ LUNGU, GW PIRI, C TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA DURING REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT IN MALAWI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background. In June 1988 a cholera epidemic occurred in a Mozambican refugee population resettling in southern Malawi. Methods. A case-control study was conducted to determine possible risk factors for disease. The characteristics of 48 refugee households with any member(s) hospitalized for suspected cholera were compared to 441 randomly sampled refugee households without hospitalizations. Results. Vibrio cholerae 01 was isolated from 50% (5/10) of case-patient stool cultures. Having any water containers with greater than or equal to 10 I capacity was associated with a significantly lower odds of suspected cholera in households (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 0.003-0.12), as was having metal cooking pots (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI : 0.12-0.7), after adjusting for length of residence and socioeconomic status (logistic regression model). Households with two or more children <5 years old were at markedly increased odds of suspected cholera (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that water containers and cooking pots served important preventive functions during this cholera outbreak. Young children may have contributed to cholera transmission, but the reason(s) remains undetermined. C1 WHO,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. OFF UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISS REFUGEES,BLANTYRE OFF,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,NSANJE,MALAWI. RP HATCH, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DFE,INT BRANCH,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1292 EP 1299 DI 10.1093/ije/23.6.1292 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QD338 UT WOS:A1994QD33800025 PM 7721533 ER PT J AU GRAVES, LM SWAMINATHAN, B REEVES, MW HUNTER, SB WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD SCHUCHAT, A AF GRAVES, LM SWAMINATHAN, B REEVES, MW HUNTER, SB WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD SCHUCHAT, A TI COMPARISON OF RIBOTYPING AND MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS FOR SUBTYPING OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; FOODS AB Ribotyping was compared with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) for subtyping 305 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical and nonclinical sources. For ribotyping, EcoRI-restricted genomic DNA fragments of L. monocytogenes strains were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and Southern blots were probed with a cloned Escherichia coli rrnB operon (plasmid pKK3535) labeled with digoxigenin. The L. monocytogenes isolates were divided into 28 distinct ribotypes, while MEE analysis divided the same isolates into 78 electrophoretic types (ETs). On the basis of their ribotype profiles, the strains were divided into two subgroups. The ribotype alpha (RT alpha) subgroup contained serotypes 1/2a. 1/2c, and 3a, and the ribotype beta (RTP) subgroup contained serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 4b, and 4ab. This division is in complete agreement with MEE analysis, which divides the species into two subgroups (ET groups A and B), with the same serotype distribution in each subgroup. Overall, MEE was more discriminating than ribotyping. However, in several instances ribotyping discriminated between isolates within the same ET. Ribotyping was more discriminating for serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a (Simpson's Index for Diversity [DI] = 0.81) than for serotypes 1/2b and 4b (DI = 0.76). A substantial proportion (69%) of serotype 1/2b and 4b strains clustered in five ETs and five ribotypes. These data suggest that ribotyping and MEE do not provide adequate discrimination between strains of serotypes 1/2b and 4b. Methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis should be explored for further discrimination of strains of these serotypes. RP GRAVES, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, MAIL STOP CO7, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2936 EP 2943 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PT187 UT WOS:A1994PT18700008 PM 7883880 ER PT J AU BARRETT, TJ LIOR, H GREEN, JH KHAKHRIA, R WELLS, JG BELL, BP GREENE, KD LEWIS, J GRIFFIN, PM AF BARRETT, TJ LIOR, H GREEN, JH KHAKHRIA, R WELLS, JG BELL, BP GREENE, KD LEWIS, J GRIFFIN, PM TI LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF A MULTISTATE FOOD-BORNE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 BY USING PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AND PHAGE TYPING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DNA; SEROTYPE; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; 0157-H7; SCHEME AB Two hundred thirty-three isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were analyzed by both pulsed-held gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and bacteriophage typing. All 26 isolates from persons whose illness was associated with a recent multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections linked to the consumption of undercooked hamburgers and all 27 isolates from incriminated lots of hamburger meat had the same phage type and the same PFGE pattern. Twenty-five of 74 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from Washington State and 10 of 27 isolates from other states obtained during the 6 months before the outbreak had the same phage type as the outbreak strain, but only 1 isolate had the same PFGE pattern. PFGE thus appeared to be a more sensitive method than bacteriophage typing for distinguishing outbreak and non-outbreak-related strains. The PFGE patterns of seven preoutbreak sporadic isolates and five sporadic isolates from the outbreak period differed from that of the outbreak strain by a single band, making it difficult to identify these isolates as outbreak or non-outbreak related. Phage typing and PFGE with additional enzymes were helpful in resolving this problem. While not as sensitive as PFGE, phage typing was helpful in interpreting PFGE data and could have been used as a simple, rapid screen to eliminate the need for performing PFGE on unrelated isolates. C1 LAB CTR DIS CONTROL, NAT LAB ENTER PATHOGENS, OTTAWA, ON, CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, SEATTLE, WA USA. CTR COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL, SEATTLE, WA USA. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH, PUBL HLTH LABS, SEATTLE, WA USA. RP BARRETT, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 262 Z9 271 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3013 EP 3017 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PT187 UT WOS:A1994PT18700022 PM 7883892 ER PT J AU HARAKEH, H BOSLEY, GS KEIHLBAUCH, JA FIELDS, BS AF HARAKEH, H BOSLEY, GS KEIHLBAUCH, JA FIELDS, BS TI HETEROGENEITY OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS OF MULTIRESISTANT SEROTYPE 6B STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID IDENTIFICATION; SPREAD; CLONE AB Three multiresistant serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated from the middle ear fluids of children undergoing tympanostomy in Atlanta. Because multiresistant 6B pneumococci have been reported to spread from a single clone, the three isolates were compared with 13 other multiresistant 6B pneumococci by hybridization of endonuclease-restricted DNA fragments with a digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probe complementary to 16 and 23S rRNAs (ribotyping). The ear isolates were heterogeneous, whereas six of the other pneumococcal isolates were alike, indicating a need for additional studies to determine the possibility of clonal spread. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT BIOL,BEIRUT,LEBANON. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3046 EP 3048 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PT187 UT WOS:A1994PT18700029 PM 7533781 ER PT J AU KILLGORE, GE AF KILLGORE, GE TI GENOTYPING OF CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE ISOLATES - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP KILLGORE, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3095 EP 3095 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PT187 UT WOS:A1994PT18700047 ER PT J AU BERAL, V ROLFS, R JOESOEF, MR ARAL, S CRAMER, DW AF BERAL, V ROLFS, R JOESOEF, MR ARAL, S CRAMER, DW TI PRIMARY INFERTILITY - CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN NORTH-AMERICA ACCORDING TO PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TUBAL INFERTILITY; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE; SMOKING AB Study objective - To determine, in women with primary infertility, whether specific characteristics or behavioural factors are associated with the various pathological conditions identified as contributing to the infertility. Design - Case-control study. Setting - Seven institutions in the USA or Canada. Participants - Study subjects were 1750 women who presented with primary infertility, among whom the main pathological cause of infertility was male factor (417), tubal obstruction (231), endometriosis (194), luteal phase defects (153), other ovulatory problems (193), cervical abnormalities (92), and polycystic ovarian disease (84) and 1765 control women who delivered their first child at the same institution. Main results - Except for tubal obstruction and polycystic ovarian disease, the characteristics and behaviours of the women with infertility did not differ appreciably according to the pathological conditions recorded. Women with tubal obstruction had had more sexual partners, an earlier age at first intercourse, were more likely to have used an intrauterine device but less likely to have used a condom, and were more likely to have smoked cigarettes and to have used various recreational drugs than the other women. Women with polycystic ovarian disease were more obese, had had fewer sexual partners, and were less likely to have used cigarettes, contraceptives, and recreational drugs than the other women. Conclusions - Sexually transmitted infections seem to increase the risk of tubal obstruction but not other causes of infertility. Obesity is associated with polycystic ovarian disease. These data offer few clues to the aetiology of infertility attributed to endometriosis, cervical abnormalities, luteal phase defects, other ovulatory defects, or to male factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP BERAL, V (reprint author), RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,GIBSON BLDG,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 48 IS 6 BP 576 EP 579 DI 10.1136/jech.48.6.576 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PZ410 UT WOS:A1994PZ41000010 PM 7830012 ER PT J AU XU, XY KILBOURNE, ED HALL, HE COX, NJ AF XU, XY KILBOURNE, ED HALL, HE COX, NJ TI NONIMMUNOSELECTED INTRASTRAIN GENETIC-VARIATION DETECTED IN PAIRS OF HIGH-YIELDING INFLUENZA-A (H3N2) VACCINE AND PARENTAL VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; CELL-MEDIATED VARIATION; A H1N1 VIRUS; ANTIGENIC ANALYSES; SWINE INFLUENZA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEMAGGLUTININ; EGG; RECEPTOR; EFFICACY AB Seven influenza A (H3N2) high-yielding vaccine candidate strains were examined. Antigenic analysis revealed that 5 of the strains could be distinguished antigenically from their corresponding wild type parent viruses. Comparative sequence data for the HA1 domains of the HA (hemagglutinin) genes for these 5 high-yielding viruses and the corresponding wild type parents demonstrated one to three amino acid substitutions within each virus pair, with at least one amino acid change being located in a previously defined antigenic site. Comparison of the HA sequences of the 2 antigenically indistinguishable virus pairs revealed no amino acid differences in 1 and one amino acid change in the other, Examination of 1 additional wild type virus, A/Guangdong/39/89, and its three high-yielding derivatives obtained either by serial egg passage or by reassortment revealed an additive effect of the HA and M genes in creating the high-yielding phenotype. C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,NEW YORK,NY. RP XU, XY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 170 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1438 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PW152 UT WOS:A1994PW15200011 PM 7995982 ER PT J AU PILASKI, J FELDMANN, H MORZUNOV, S ROLLIN, PE RUO, SL LAUER, B PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF PILASKI, J FELDMANN, H MORZUNOV, S ROLLIN, PE RUO, SL LAUER, B PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW PUUMALA VIRUS-STRAIN CAUSING SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN GERMANY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; HANTAAN VIRUS; CODING STRATEGY; GENOME SEGMENT; MESSENGER-RNA; S-GENOME; HANTAVIRUS; COMPLICATIONS AB A severe case of suspected hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was recently identified in northwestern Germany. A genetic detection assay was designed that identified hantavirus-specific RNA in the patient's clinical specimens by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus S and M genome segments. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences demonstrated that this virus belonged to the Puumala (PUU) group, with the closest relationship to a PUU isolate from Finland. Within the group, this virus formed a separate lineage, This finding represents the first genetic characterization of a hantavirus causing severe HFRS in Germany. The data suggest that PUU viruses circulating in western European countries are genetically distinct from their northeastern counterparts. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated a loss of a potential N-glycosylation site in the G2 protein compared with other PUU viruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV DUSSELDORF,MED INST ENVIRONM HYG,W-4000 DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. UNIV DUSSELDORF,DEPT CARDIOL PNEUMOL & ANGIOL,W-4000 DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 170 IS 6 BP 1456 EP 1462 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PW152 UT WOS:A1994PW15200014 PM 7995985 ER PT J AU BURWEN, DR BANERJEE, SN GAYNES, RP AF BURWEN, DR BANERJEE, SN GAYNES, RP TI CEFTAZIDIME RESISTANCE AMONG SELECTED NOSOCOMIAL GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; BETA-LACTAMASE; GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS; INFECTIONS; AZTREONAM; OUTBREAK AB To examine temporal trends in ceftazidime resistance, susceptibility data reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system during 1987-1991 were analyzed among nosocomial Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Linear increases in resistance were observed for Enterobacter species and K. pneumoniae. One hospital experienced a dramatic rise from 1.0% in 1987-1989 to 40% in 1990-1991 (P < .001) in ceftazidime resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates. No increase was observed during this period for P. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis confirmed these trends (or the lack thereof) for Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa; for K. pneumoniae, ceftazidime resistance was found to be increasing among isolates from teaching hospitals and intensive care units. Ceftazidime resistance is an emerging problem that has the potential for dramatic increases. Selective pressures for the development of ceftazidime resistance need to be identified and addressed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 14 TC 178 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 170 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1625 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PW152 UT WOS:A1994PW15200041 PM 7996009 ER PT J AU DEEKS, JJ BANATVALA, N AF DEEKS, JJ BANATVALA, N TI HELICOBACTER-PYLORI - POPULATIONS AND COHORTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV YORK,CTR REVIEWS & DISSEMINAT,YORK,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. OI Deeks, Jonathan/0000-0002-8850-1971 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 170 IS 6 BP 1634 EP 1635 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PW152 UT WOS:A1994PW15200044 PM 7996012 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF KSIAZEK, TG CAIAFFA, WT ROLLIN, PE TAYLOR, E VLAHOV, D AF KHABBAZ, RF KSIAZEK, TG CAIAFFA, WT ROLLIN, PE TAYLOR, E VLAHOV, D TI SEOUL HANTAVIRUS SEROPOSITIVITY AMONG INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BALTIMORE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 170 IS 6 BP 1636 EP 1637 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PW152 UT WOS:A1994PW15200046 PM 7996013 ER PT J AU GRABOW, WOK FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS TAYLOR, MB FIELDS, HA AF GRABOW, WOK FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS TAYLOR, MB FIELDS, HA TI HEPATITIS-E SEROPREVALENCE IN SELECTED INDIVIDUALS IN SOUTH-AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRAL HEPATITIS; NANBNC; SUBCLINICAL INFECTION; WATERBORNE; RECREATION ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; E VIRUS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; WATER; DELTA AB Antibodies to the hepatitis E virus (HEV) were detected by an enzyme immunoassay using synthetic HEV peptides. Positive anti-HEV results were confirmed by a neutralization assay and Western blot analysis. Anti-HEV was detected in 10 of 555 canoeists (1.8%) with regular exposure to sewage-polluted water and in 6 of 227 (2.6%) medical students with minimal exposure. The overall prevalence of 16 per 782 individuals (2.05%) suggests that HEV may be endemic in South Africa. This is confirmed by indications of infection earlier than the third decade of life, and by individuals with anti-HEV who had rarely or never been out of the country. The prevalence data suggest that regular exposure to sewage-polluted water was not a particular risk factor. None of the individuals with anti-HEV had a history of clinical hepatitis E, suggesting sporadic low level subclinical cases of infection. This is in agreement with the absence of reports on clinical cases or outbreaks of hepatitis E in South Africa. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GRABOW, WOK (reprint author), UNIV PRETORIA,DEPT MED VIROL,POB 2034,PRETORIA 0001,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Taylor, Maureen/D-2171-2017 OI Taylor, Maureen/0000-0002-2780-5795 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890440412 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA QM895 UT WOS:A1994QM89500011 PM 7897368 ER PT J AU SINKS, T HARTLE, R BOENIGER, M MANNINO, D BOYD, JE FERNBACK, J HAWKINS, M GRIMES, G WATKINS, KL DILL, P ANDERSON, B AF SINKS, T HARTLE, R BOENIGER, M MANNINO, D BOYD, JE FERNBACK, J HAWKINS, M GRIMES, G WATKINS, KL DILL, P ANDERSON, B TI EXPOSURE TO BIOGENIC SILICA FIBERS AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH IN HAWAII SUGARCANE WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MESOTHELIOMA AB We conducted a cross-sectional environmental and medical survey of 355 male sugarcane workers in Hawaii to determine whether exposure to biogenic silica fibers (BSF) affected their respiratory health. Exposures to BSF ranged from nondetectable to more than 0.700 BSF/mL and varied by job and department. Respiratory symptoms, chest radiograph findings, and pulmonary function were not associated with BSF exposures. Cigarette smoking was associated with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary obstruction. Fifteen workers had pleural thickening or pleural plaques and 3 of these workers were exposed to BSF for more than 10 years. BSF exposure does not appear to influence the respiratory health of sugarcane workers; however, further study is warranted. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1329 EP 1334 DI 10.1097/00043764-199412000-00014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PX767 UT WOS:A1994PX76700010 PM 7884574 ER PT J AU NOURJAH, P HOROWITZ, AM WAGENER, DK AF NOURJAH, P HOROWITZ, AM WAGENER, DK TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS AND FLUORIDE DENTIFRICE BY INFANTS AND TODDLERS SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE FLUORIDE DENTIFRICES; DIETARY FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS; FLUOROSIS; INFANTS AND TODDLERS; ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE ID DENTAL FLUOROSIS; ENAMEL FLUOROSIS; CHILDREN; CARIES; PREVALENCE; INGESTION; WATER; TOOTHPASTE; COMMUNITY; RISK AB Dental fluorosis may be associated with the inappropriate use of fluoride dentifrices and/or dietary fluoride supplements by young children, especially for those who consume optimally fluoridated water. Studies to date have used retrospective designs that rely on anamnestic responses of adults to determine fluoride exposures in their children. The 1986 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) collected information on current use of fluoride-containing dental products (dentifrices, drops, tablets, and mouth rinses) by all household members during home interviews. This report contains information obtained from adults for 1,996 children younger than two years of age. Nearly haff of the children used fluoride dentifrices or dietary fluoride supplements. Eleven percent of the children younger than one year of age and nearly 60 percent of children between one and two years of age reportedly used a fluoride toothpaste. Dietary fluoride supplements were used about equally in these age groups (about 16%). The use of a fluoride dentifrice was similar across racial-ethnic groups, but the use of dietary fluoride supplements was less among blacks and Hispanics. A significantly higher proportion of children whose respondent knew the purpose of water fluoridation used some type of fluoride product. Because young children tend to swallow dentifrices, the findings of this study suggest the need for educational programs targeted to parents and health care providers regarding the appropriate use of fluorides and the risk of fluorosis when they are used inappropriately. C1 NIDR,EPIDEMIOL & ORAL DIS PREVENT PROGRAM,WESTWOOD BLDG,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI RICHMOND PA J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT 10619 JOUSTING LANE, RICHMOND, VA 23235 SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1994.tb01178.x PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MZ507 UT WOS:A1994MZ50700007 PM 8164191 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE HIGGINSON, GK GRANTWORLEY, JA AF NELSON, DE HIGGINSON, GK GRANTWORLEY, JA TI USING THE YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY TO ESTIMATE PREVALENCE OF SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG OREGON HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILD-ABUSE; PREVENTION PROGRAM; ADOLESCENTS; MALTREATMENT; POPULATION AB To estimate the extent of childhood sexual abuse, questions were added to the 1993 Oregon Youth Risk Behavior Survey of students in grades 9-12. Twenty-five high schools throughout Oregon participated in the survey. Among the 2,332 students who answered sexual abuse questions, 20.9% had ever been sexually abused; females (33.1%) were much more likely to have ever been abused than were males (8.1%). Females (10.3%) also were more likely than males (3.4%) to have been sexually abused within the past year. High school students sexually abused in the past year engaged in many high risk health behaviors such as weapon carrying, substance abuse, seriously considering suicide in the past year, and sexual activity when compared with students who had never been sexually abused. Further educational efforts with teachers, health care providers, parents, and child care providers, as well as development and use of school curricula, are needed to reduce sexual abuse. C1 CTR DIS PREVENT & EPIDEMIOL,OREGON HLTH DIV,HLTH STAT SECT,PORTLAND,OR 97232. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 64 IS 10 BP 413 EP 416 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QA887 UT WOS:A1994QA88700005 PM 7707717 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MITCHELL, CJ MCLEAN, RG MEISCH, MV AF SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MITCHELL, CJ MCLEAN, RG MEISCH, MV TI VECTOR COMPETENCE OF AEDES-ALBOPICTUS FROM PINE-BLUFF, ARKANSAS, FOR A ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS STRAIN ISOLATED DURING THE 1991 EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; AVIAN HOSTS; MOSQUITOS; NORTH AB The vector competence of Aedes albopictus from Pine Bluff, AR, was assessed for a St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus strain isolated during the 1991 epidemic. Aedes albopictus were fed on hamsters with viremia levels of 10(4.6)-10(4.9) Vero cell plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml. At 7 and 15 days postbloodfeeding, transmission trials were conducted using individual suckling mice. Three of 313 Ae. albopictus were determined to be infected with SLE virus with titers of 10(6.3)-10(7.0) PFU/mosquito. At 15 days postbloodfeeding, one of 209 Ae. albopictus that refed transmitted virus resulting in a 15-day population transmission rate of 0.5%. The infection threshold (i.e., the amount of virus required to infect from 1 to 5% of mosquitoes) was determined to be approximately 10(2.3) PFU/mosquito. Virus inoculated intracoelomically into Ae. albopictus replicated and reached mean titers above 10(6.0) PFU/mosquito on day 6. The combination of low susceptibility to infection and a mammalophilic bloodfeeding pattern suggests that Ae. albopictus is unlikely to play a significant role in SLE transmission. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP SAVAGE, HM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 501 EP 506 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QC575 UT WOS:A1994QC57500006 PM 7707054 ER PT J AU KIM, EC DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ AF KIM, EC DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ TI CHEMILUMINESCENT MICROWELL HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY FOR DIRECT-DETECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 DNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Note DE PARVOVIRUS B19; DIGOXIGENIN; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIQUID-PHASE HYBRIDIZATION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED PROBE; DOT-BLOT; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS AB A method for the direct detection of human parvovirus DNA in serum samples that uses a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe to hybridize with target B19 DNA, followed by capture of the hybrid onto a microtiter plate wells previously coated with a second oligonucleotide probe was developed. The captured hybrid is then detected with anti-digoxigenin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and chemiluminescent substrate and the reaction read on a scintillation counter. The relative sensitivities of the microwell and standard dot blot hybridization assays were compared. The chemiluminescent microwell hybridization assay was more sensitive than dot-blot hybridization and could be performed in a few hours. This format, therefore, permits rapid and sensitive detection of parvovirus DNA suitable for the clinical setting. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KIM, EC (reprint author), SEOUL NATL UNIV,COLL MED,28 YONGON DONG,SEOUL 110744,SOUTH KOREA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1-3 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90190-2 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QE939 UT WOS:A1994QE93900033 PM 7714057 ER PT J AU SCHENKMAN, DI RAHIJA, RJ KLINGENBERGER, KL ELLIOTT, JA RICHTER, CB AF SCHENKMAN, DI RAHIJA, RJ KLINGENBERGER, KL ELLIOTT, JA RICHTER, CB TI OUTBREAK OF GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN ATHYMIC MICE SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID PROTEIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHENKMAN, DI (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV LAB ANIM RESOURCES,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 6 BP 639 EP 641 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA QB522 UT WOS:A1994QB52200019 PM 7898041 ER PT J AU GORDON, SM EATON, ME GEORGE, R LARSEN, S LUKEHART, SA KUYPERS, J MARRA, CM THOMPSON, S AF GORDON, SM EATON, ME GEORGE, R LARSEN, S LUKEHART, SA KUYPERS, J MARRA, CM THOMPSON, S TI THE RESPONSE OF SYMPTOMATIC NEUROSYPHILIS TO HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS PENICILLIN-G IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; HIV INFECTION; THERAPY; AIDS; CEFTRIAXONE AB Background. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may affect both the natural course syphilis and the response to treatment. We examined the response to treatment with high-dose penicillin G in HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis. Methods. Neurosyphilis was defined by reactivity in serum treponemal tests for syphilis, neurologic manifestations consistent with neurosyphilis, and a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test on cerebrospinal fluid. We identified 11 HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis; 5 had been treated previously for early syphilis with penicillin G benzathine. Patients were treated with 18 million to 24 million units of penicillin G per day administered intravenously for 10 days. Cerebrospinal fluid was examined approximately 6 and 24 weeks after treatment, when the polymerase chain reaction and rabbit inoculation were used to detect Treponema pallidum. Results. In four of the seven patients studied 24 weeks after treatment, the serum titers on rapid plasma reagin (RPR) testing decreased by at least two doubling dilutions, and four patients had reductions in the cerebrospinal fluid titers on VDRL testing or reverted to nonreactive results. In two patients there was no normalization or improvement in serum titers on RPR testing or cerebrospinal fluid titers on VDRL testing, cell counts, or protein concentrations. One patient relapsed with meningovascular syphilis six months after therapy. T. pallidum was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from 3 of 10 patients before treatment, but in none of the 10 post-treatment specimens. Conclusions. In patients with early syphilis who are also infected with HIV, therapy with penicillin G benzathine may fail, and neurosyphilis may develop. The regimen of high-dose penicillin recommended for neurosyphilis is not consistently effective in patients infected with HIV. C1 EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PATHOL,SEATTLE,WA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 01529] NR 34 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 22 BP 1469 EP 1473 DI 10.1056/NEJM199412013312201 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU866 UT WOS:A1994PU86600001 PM 7969296 ER PT J AU HOROWITZ, HW VALSAMIS, MP WICHER, V ABBRUSCATO, F LARSEN, SA WORMSER, GP WICHER, K AF HOROWITZ, HW VALSAMIS, MP WICHER, V ABBRUSCATO, F LARSEN, SA WORMSER, GP WICHER, K TI CEREBRAL SYPHILITIC GUMMA CONFIRMED BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION IN A MAN WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; HIV-INFECTION; NEUROSYPHILIS; DIAGNOSIS; PURIFICATION; INVASION; LESIONS; TISSUES; DNA C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,VALHALLA,NY 10595. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT PATHOL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [A 121833] NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 22 BP 1488 EP 1491 DI 10.1056/NEJM199412013312204 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU866 UT WOS:A1994PU86600004 PM 7969298 ER PT J AU MACKENZIE, WR ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP AF MACKENZIE, WR ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND THE PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLY - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID GIARDIA C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI 53703. RP MACKENZIE, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 22 BP 1530 EP 1530 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU866 UT WOS:A1994PU86600030 ER PT J AU FREDERICK, T MASCOLA, L ELLER, A ONEIL, L BYERS, B AF FREDERICK, T MASCOLA, L ELLER, A ONEIL, L BYERS, B TI PROGRESSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS DISEASE AMONG INFANTS AND CHILDREN INFECTED PERINATALLY WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS OR THROUGH NEONATAL BLOOD-TRANSFUSION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL ANALYSES; TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ID SURVIVAL; HIV-1 AB Using community based surveillance data for pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we examined disease progression using survival analysis among perinatally HIV-infected children and children HIV-infected through a neonatal blood transfusion. As of December 31, 1991, 238 HIV-infected children (classified P-1 or P-2 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification system) were identified. Median symptom free survival time from birth to symptomatic infection (P-2) was different for perinatally acquired (n = 166) and neonatal transfusion-acquired (n = 72) infection (6.4 months vs. 17.8 months, respectively; P < 0.001). Survival after development of symptomatic infection (P-2) did not differ by transmission mode. Survival differences from birth to death were significant at P < 0.05 (75% of perinatally HIV-infected children survived 44 months vs. 71 months for transfusion-associated children). Although survival estimates improved for those receiving antiretroviral treatment, differences by mode were still observed. For perinatally HIV-infected children, mortality was highest in the first year of life (12%). Those remaining symptom-free beyond their first year demonstrated survival experiences similar to those for children with transfusion-associated infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP FREDERICK, T (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PEDIAT AIDS SURVEILLANCE STUDY,313 FIGUEROA ST,ROOM 203,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU903273/04] NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1097/00006454-199412000-00004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PW486 UT WOS:A1994PW48600004 PM 7892076 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, CM AZIMI, P FONSECA, SN BALTIMORE, RS POWELL, DA BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK HUBERMAN, RS SINKOWITZ, RL EHRENKRANZ, RA JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, CM AZIMI, P FONSECA, SN BALTIMORE, RS POWELL, DA BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK HUBERMAN, RS SINKOWITZ, RL EHRENKRANZ, RA JARVIS, WR TI BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT PATIENTS - RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; FUNGEMIA; NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SEPSIS; INTERLEUKIN-6; COLONIZATION; BACTEREMIA AB For identification of risk factors for bloodstream infection (BSI) among neonatal intensive care unit patients, prospective 6-month studies in three neonatal intensive care units were conducted. BSI was diagnosed in 42 of 376 (11.2%) enrolled infants. Pathogens included coagulase-negative staphylococci, Candida sp., Group B streptococci and Gram-negative species. Patients with BSIs were more likely to die during their neonatal intensive care unit stay than were patients who did not acquire BSIs (6 of 42 vs. 11 of 334, P = 0.007). BSI rate was highest in infants with birth weight <1500 g (relative risk (RR) = 6.8, P<0.001), those treated with H-2 blockers (RR = 4.2, P<0.001) or theophylline (RR = 2.8, P<0.001) and those with admission diagnoses referable to the respiratory tract (RR = 3.7, P<0.001). Infants who developed BSI were more severely ill on admission than other infants (median physiologic stability index 13 vs. 10 (P<0.001) and were of lower gestational age (28 vs. 35 weeks, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, risk of ESI was independently associated only with very low birth weight, respiratory admission diagnoses and receipt of H-2 blockers. Risk of isolation of a pathogen from blood culture was independently associated with Broviac, umbilical vein or peripheral venous catheterization >10, 7 or 3 days, respectively, at one insertion site. Rate of isolation of a pathogen was higher (9 of 59 (15%)) within 48 hours of a measurable serum interleukin 6 concentration than an interleukin 6 level of 0 pg/ml (10 of 159 (6%), P = 0.04). Conversely >1 day of exposure to gentamicin or ampicillin before the sepsis evaluation was associated with lower BSI risk in infants with intravascular catheters (20 of 127 (16%) vs. 9 of 16 (56%), P = 0.06). These findings indicate that very low birth weight, respiratory diagnoses, H-2 blocker use and prolonged intravascular catheterization at one insertion site are associated with elevated risk of BSI. Clinical trials of interventions addressing these risk factors are warranted. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,OAKLAND,CA 94609. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CHILDRENS HOSP,COLUMBUS,OH 43205. RP BECKSAGUE, CM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 29 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1110 EP 1116 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PW486 UT WOS:A1994PW48600008 PM 7892080 ER PT J AU LEGGIADRO, RJ DAVIS, Y TENOVER, FC AF LEGGIADRO, RJ DAVIS, Y TENOVER, FC TI OUTPATIENT DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCUS; OUTPATIENT BACTEREMIA ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PEDIAT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. LEBONHEUR CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38103. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1146 DI 10.1097/00006454-199412000-00014 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PW486 UT WOS:A1994PW48600015 PM 7892086 ER PT J AU PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMER, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR BECK, DT CONNOR, EM FLEISCHMAN, AR HOPKINS, KM MOFENSON, LM ROGERS, MF AF PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMER, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR BECK, DT CONNOR, EM FLEISCHMAN, AR HOPKINS, KM MOFENSON, LM ROGERS, MF TI REDUCING THE RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ILLICIT DRUG-USE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEEDLE EXCHANGE; PREVENTION; PROGRAM C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. RP PLOTKIN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 BP 945 EP 947 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PU835 UT WOS:A1994PU83500030 ER PT J AU COCHI, SL AF COCHI, SL TI OVERVIEW OF POLICIES AFFECTING VACCINE USE IN CHILD DAY-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO RP COCHI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFANT IMMUNIZAT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 994 EP 996 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900005 PM 7971088 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JP MACKENZIE, WR ADDISS, DG AF DAVIS, JP MACKENZIE, WR ADDISS, DG TI RECOGNITION, INVESTIGATION, AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE-DISEASE OUTBREAKS IN CHILD DAY-CARE SETTINGS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CENTERS; SHIGELLOSIS; DIARRHEA; GIARDIA; TRIAL C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MADISON,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DAVIS, JP (reprint author), BUR PUBL HLTH,WISCONSIN DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI, USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1004 EP 1006 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900009 PM 7971037 ER PT J AU DOBBINS, JG ADLER, SP PASS, RF BALE, JF GRILLNER, L STEWART, JA AF DOBBINS, JG ADLER, SP PASS, RF BALE, JF GRILLNER, L STEWART, JA TI THE RISKS AND BENEFITS OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS TRANSMISSION IN CHILD DAY-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WORKERS C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PEDIAT,RICHMOND,VA. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PEDIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,DEPT NEUROL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. KAROLINSKA HOSP,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,S-10401 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP DOBBINS, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1016 EP 1018 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900014 PM 7971042 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B GIEBINK, GS HENDERSON, FW REICHLER, MR JEREB, J COLLET, JP AF SCHWARTZ, B GIEBINK, GS HENDERSON, FW REICHLER, MR JEREB, J COLLET, JP TI RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS IN DAY-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; OTITIS-MEDIA; TRACT INFECTIONS; TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOME; FREQUENCY; OUTBREAK C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. RP SCHWARTZ, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1018 EP 1020 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900015 PM 7971043 ER PT J AU COCHI, SL ATKINSON, WL ADAMS, WG DINI, EF GERSHON, AA AF COCHI, SL ATKINSON, WL ADAMS, WG DINI, EF GERSHON, AA TI MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN CHILD DAY-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COCHI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1021 EP 1023 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900016 PM 7971044 ER PT J AU HURWITZ, ES DESEDA, CC SHAPIRO, CN NALIN, DR FREITGKOONTZ, MJ HAYASHI, J AF HURWITZ, ES DESEDA, CC SHAPIRO, CN NALIN, DR FREITGKOONTZ, MJ HAYASHI, J TI HEPATITIS INFECTIONS IN THE DAY-CARE SETTING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID CENTERS; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION C1 MERCK RES LABS,SEATTLE,WA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. KYUSHU UNIV HOSP,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. RP HURWITZ, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1023 EP 1024 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900017 PM 7971045 ER PT J AU PERTOWSKI, CA WHARTON, M PRIM, TR ZIEGLER, RA GILBERT, BP COCHI, SL ELCOCK, M RUTHERFORD, GW AF PERTOWSKI, CA WHARTON, M PRIM, TR ZIEGLER, RA GILBERT, BP COCHI, SL ELCOCK, M RUTHERFORD, GW TI A COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM TO IMPROVE VACCINATION COVERAGE IN FAMILY HOME DAY-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES OFF,INFANT IMMUNIZAT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. JR LEAGUE,PALO ALTO,CA. SAN MATEO CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN MATEO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA. RP PERTOWSKI, CA (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1029 EP 1029 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900025 ER PT J AU ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH SCHWARTZ, B VANCE, NJ HORAN, JM FACKLAM, RR AF ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH SCHWARTZ, B VANCE, NJ HORAN, JM FACKLAM, RR TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS CARRIAGE IN AN ALABAMA CHILD-CARE CENTER FOLLOWING A FATAL INVASIVE CASE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL. CTR DIS CONTROL,DHHS,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BUR CLIN LABS,ADPH,MONTGOMERY,AL. RP ENGELGAU, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1030 EP 1030 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900026 ER PT J AU RIVARA, FP SACKS, JJ AF RIVARA, FP SACKS, JJ TI PREVENTING INJURIES AND IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT .3. - INJURIES IN CHILD DAY-CARE - AN OVERVIEW SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOME CARE; CENTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLAYGROUNDS; AGE C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PEDIAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP RIVARA, FP (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW INJURY PREVENT & RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1031 EP 1033 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900029 PM 7971047 ER PT J AU GOOD, SEE PARRISH, RG ING, RT AF GOOD, SEE PARRISH, RG ING, RT TI CHILDRENS DEATHS AT DAY-CARE FACILITIES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO RP GOOD, SEE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1039 EP 1041 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900032 PM 7971050 ER PT J AU STAES, C BALK, S FORD, K PASSANTINO, RJ TORRICE, A AF STAES, C BALK, S FORD, K PASSANTINO, RJ TORRICE, A TI ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING AND MAINTAINING A CHILDS DAY-CARE ENVIRONMENT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; PLAY SAND; ASBESTOS C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. PIMA CTY HLTH DEPT,TUCSON,AZ. PASSANTINO & BAVIER,ARLINGTON,VA. LIVING & LEARNING ENVIRONM,BURLINGAME,CA. RP STAES, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1048 EP 1050 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900036 PM 7971054 ER PT J AU PARRINO, SS THACKER, SB AF PARRINO, SS THACKER, SB TI THE CHALLENGE OF DAY-CARE HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PARRINO, SS (reprint author), NATL COUNCIL DISABIL,BRIARCLIFF MANOR,NY, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1052 EP 1055 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900039 PM 7971056 ER PT J AU TARAS, HL TRAHMS, CM MANGU, PB WONG, FL AF TARAS, HL TRAHMS, CM MANGU, PB WONG, FL TI CONCURRENT SESSION ON HEALTH PROMOTION - A SUMMARY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PEDIAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NATL CTR EDUC MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,ARLINGTON,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,PROGRAM OPERAT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP TARAS, HL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1070 EP 1071 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900046 PM 7971062 ER PT J AU SWANSON, NG PIOTRKOWSKI, CS CURBOW, B GRAVILLE, S KUSHNIR, T OWEN, BD AF SWANSON, NG PIOTRKOWSKI, CS CURBOW, B GRAVILLE, S KUSHNIR, T OWEN, BD TI OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES IN CHILD-CARE WORK SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. LOEWENSTEIN HOSP & REHABIL CTR,INST OCCUPAT HLTH & REHABIL,BEHAV MED UNIT,RAANANA,ISRAEL. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH NURSING,MADISON,WI. RP SWANSON, NG (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1079 EP 1080 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900050 PM 7971066 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, WR GALINSKY, E HELBURNE, S CULKIN, M AF TAYLOR, WR GALINSKY, E HELBURNE, S CULKIN, M TI COST AND QUALITY IN CHILD-CARE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO C1 FAMILIES & WORK INST,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ECON,DENVER,CO 80202. UNIV COLORADO,COST & QUAL STUDY EARLY CARE & EDUC,DENVER,CO 80202. RP TAYLOR, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1099 EP 1100 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900058 PM 7971074 ER PT J AU MALKKI, RM CHEN, JH HONEGGER, D SIMONNET, C KUSHNIR, T SOTO, J AF MALKKI, RM CHEN, JH HONEGGER, D SIMONNET, C KUSHNIR, T SOTO, J TI A COMPARISON OF CHILD DAY-CARE SETTINGS IN 4 COUNTRIES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC. PROTECT MATERNELLE & INFANTILE,DDASS,LYON,FRANCE. OCCUPAT HLTH REHABIL INST,BEHAV MED UNIT,RAANANA,ISRAEL. ST LUC HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. RP MALKKI, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1100 EP 1101 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900059 PM 7971075 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL THACKER, SB TEUTSCH, SM AF ROPER, WL THACKER, SB TEUTSCH, SM TI TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO PRACTICE IN CHILD DAY-CARE SETTINGS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Child Day Care Health: Science, Prevention, and Practice CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ADM CHILDREN & FAMILIES, AMER ACAD PEDIAT, AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC, ASSOC STATE & TERRITORIAL HLTH OFFICIALS, HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, INTER PEDIAT ASSOC, NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN, NATL CTR CLIN INFANT PROGRAMS, NIH, TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV, UNITED NATL CHILDRENS FUND, WHO ID PLAYGROUND HAZARDS; UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; CENTERS; INTERVENTION RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1112 EP 1114 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900065 PM 7971081 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, RA SACKS, JJ ARONSON, SS ADDISS, DG KENDRICK, AS OSTERHOLM, M AF GOODMAN, RA SACKS, JJ ARONSON, SS ADDISS, DG KENDRICK, AS OSTERHOLM, M TI CHILD DAY-CARE HEALTH - THEMES, ISSUES, AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HAHNEMANN UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CTR DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. WORK FAMILY DIRECT,BOSTON,MA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP GOODMAN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP 1118 EP 1120 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900068 PM 7971084 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, RA CHURCHILL, RE SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG OSTERHOLM, MT AF GOODMAN, RA CHURCHILL, RE SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG OSTERHOLM, MT TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE ON CHILD DAY-CARE HEALTH - SCIENCE, PREVENTION, AND PRACTICE - ATLANTA, GA, JUNE 15 TO 17, 1992 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP GOODMAN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP U3 EP U3 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW229 UT WOS:A1994PW22900001 ER PT J AU HODGSON, TA AF HODGSON, TA TI COSTS OF ILLNESS IN COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS - A REVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Review AB Costs of illness are an important input in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Reviews of the literature have found that many CEAs are of low technical quality and fail to take account of costs of illness appropriately. The costs of illness and disease averted by an intervention, indirect costs, and medical care costs in added years of life are topics that present methodological issues and are not handled consistently in CEAs. Costs of illness and disease averted may be estimated by prevalence- or incidence-based methods; the correct conceptual paradigm depends on the nature of the disease. Incidence costs may be estimated by modelling the disease process, or directly from prevalence costs, the choice being determined by the extent and quality of data available. Regardless of the method, in forward-looking CEAs potential technological change must be taken into account so that incidence-based lifetime costs estimated from current treatment practices will not be biased. Whether to include indirect costs is an important issue, because indirect costs may be large and have a significant impact on the cost-effectiveness ratio. In the pure CEA model, indirect costs an excluded on ethical grounds and to prevent incursion of elements of cost-benefit analysis into CEA. The modified CEA model accepts enhanced productivity as an economic benefit made possible by, but distinct from, the health effect of an intervention. Indirect costs are included when appropriate, depending on the perspective of the analysis, the measure of effectiveness, and who bears the costs. When medical care extends Life, expenditures will be incurred in the added years for illness and disease unrelated to the intervention. As with indirect costs, the pure CEA considers unrelated 'downstream' costs an indirect consequence of the health benefit of the intervention and excludes them from CEAs with the societal perspective. The modified CEA treats unrelated downstream costs as an economic effect of the change in health due to the intervention and includes them in order to have a more complete accounting of the cost of the intervention. RP HODGSON, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREAT RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PD DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 6 BP 536 EP 552 DI 10.2165/00019053-199406060-00007 PG 17 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PW747 UT WOS:A1994PW74700006 PM 10155283 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, EH RICHARDS, TB CHRISTENSON, GM TAYLOR, MS EYSTER, J AF VAUGHN, EH RICHARDS, TB CHRISTENSON, GM TAYLOR, MS EYSTER, J TI AN INFORMATION MANAGER FOR THE ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL FOR EXCELLENCE IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article AB The Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) is a method for comprehensive public health planning that can be implemented by state and local health departments. Many local health departments have limited resources for the data analysis and synthesis needed for APEXPH. To facilitate the implementation of APEXPH in Michigan, we used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epi Info software package to develop an APEXPH information manager (CDC-AIM) for use by the 50 local health departments in that state. This report describes our methods for formatting, compressing, and presenting data. Examples of tables are provided for demographics by age and sex, numbers of deaths, years of potential life lost, crude mortality rates, and perinatal indicators such as low birthweight. Areas where additional work is needed to further improve CDC-AIM are discussed. Our experience in Michigan suggests that CDC-AIM potentially is an extremely helpful tool to assist state and local health departments in working with their communities to establish public health program plans based on mortality, morbidity, and risk-factor data. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. RP VAUGHN, EH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,EXEC PK,BLDG 24 E20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 6 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00205.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA PY406 UT WOS:A1994PY40600006 PM 7870657 ER PT J AU ROOT, J SMITH, KR WHELAN, EA SANDLER, D VODA, AM AF ROOT, J SMITH, KR WHELAN, EA SANDLER, D VODA, AM TI TRACING WOMEN OVER HALF A CENTURY - STRATEGIES TO LOCATE SUBJECTS LOST TO FOLLOW-UP IN A LONGITUDINAL HEALTH STUDY SO RESEARCH ON AGING LA English DT Article AB Cohort studies typically require repeated contacts with the same study participants over many years. In large-scale follow-up studies of women, it can be difficult to locate and maintain contact with participants because women are more likely to experience name changes through marriage and divorce and may be less visible in public records, particularly contemporary elderly women. This article reports on the methods used in 1990 and 1991 to trace 998 participants of the Women's Health Study (WHS) who were enrolled during the 1930s in the Menstruation and Reproductive History study, a longitudinal study on menstruation and reproduction. Some of these women had been lost to follow-up for nearly 50 years. This article reviews the strategies used to locate the WHS participants. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0164-0275 J9 RES AGING JI Res. Aging PD DEC PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.1177/0164027594164002 PG 14 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA PT560 UT WOS:A1994PT56000002 ER PT J AU STAYNER, LT BAILER, AJ AF STAYNER, LT BAILER, AJ TI COMPARING TOXICOLOGIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES - METHYLENE-CHLORIDE - A CASE-STUDY - RESPONSE SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter ID MORTALITY C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056. RP STAYNER, LT (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 903 EP 904 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00057.x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA PZ760 UT WOS:A1994PZ76000009 ER PT J AU BAILER, AJ SMITH, RJ AF BAILER, AJ SMITH, RJ TI ESTIMATING UPPER CONFIDENCE-LIMITS FOR EXTRA RISK IN QUANTAL MULTISTAGE MODELS SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DOSE RESPONSE MODELS; BOOTSTRAPPING; LIKELIHOOD-BASED CONFIDENCE INTERVALS AB Multistage models are frequently applied in carcinogenic risk assessment. In their simplest form, these models relate the probability of tumor presence to some measure of dose. These models are then used to project the excess risk of tumor occurrence at doses frequently well below the lowest experimental dose. Upper confidence limits on the excess risk associated with exposures at these doses are then determined. A likelihood-based method is commonly used to determine these limits. We compare this method to two computationally intensive ''bootstrap'' methods for determining the 95% upper confidence limit on extra risk. The coverage probabilities and bias of likelihood-based and bootstrap estimates are examined in a simulation study of carcinogenicity experiments. The coverage probabilities of the nonparametric bootstrap method fell below 95% more frequently and by wider margins than the better-performing parametric bootstrap and likelihood-based methods. The relative bias of all estimators are seen to be affected by the amount of curvature in the true underlying dose-response function. In general, the likelihood-based method has the best coverage probability properties while the parametric bootstrap is less biased and less variable than the likelihood-based method. Ultimately, neither method is entirely satisfactory for highly curved dose-response patterns. C1 NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BAILER, AJ (reprint author), MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00069.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA PZ760 UT WOS:A1994PZ76000021 PM 7846307 ER PT J AU BERNARD, B SAUTER, S FINE, L PETERSEN, M HALES, T AF BERNARD, B SAUTER, S FINE, L PETERSEN, M HALES, T TI JOB TASK AND PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK-FACTORS FOR WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NEWSPAPER EMPLOYEES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE OFFICE AUTOMATION; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; ERGONOMICS; PSYCHOSOCIAL; REPETITIVE MOTION DISORDERS; VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS; WORK STRESS ID CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; NECK AB OBJECTIVES - A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and work-related factors among employees using video display terminals at a large metropolitan newspaper. METHODS - The study included 1050 randomly selected workers from four departments. The workers were asked to complete questionnaires on symptoms, job tasks, and psychosocial and work organization conditions. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities were defined by frequency, duration, and intensity of symptoms not attributable to acute injury. Data were analyzed with the use of logistic regression. RESULTS - A total Of 973 workers completed the survey. The one-year period prevalence rate for any musculoskeletal disorder of the upper extremities was 41%. Neck symptoms (26%) were the most frequently reported, followed by hand or wrist (22%), shoulder (17%), and elbow (10%) symptoms. Greater time working at the video display station was associated with increased hand or wrist symptoms in a dose-response relationship. In addition, variables corresponding to increased work-load demands (eg, increased time working under deadline and increased job pressure) were associated with increased neck, shoulder, and hand or wrist disorders. Women were more likely to report symptoms in several areas, but this finding may reflect the concentration of women in jobs involving more risk factors. CONCLUSIONS - The results suggest a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities among newspaper employees, and they provide additional evidence that increased work load, time pressure, and greater hours of computer use are related to the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among these workers, particularly for disorders in the hand or wrist area. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BERNARD, B (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 34 TC 219 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 20 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD DEC PY 1994 VL 20 IS 6 BP 417 EP 426 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY215 UT WOS:A1994PY21500004 PM 7701287 ER PT J AU LEE, WK SCHWARTZ, DA RICE, RJ LARSEN, SA AF LEE, WK SCHWARTZ, DA RICE, RJ LARSEN, SA TI SYPHILITIC ENDOMETRITIS CAUSING FIRST TRIMESTER ABORTION - A POTENTIAL INFECTIOUS CAUSE OF FETAL MORBIDITY IN EARLY GESTATION SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB This report describes a 30-year-old woman with a history of prostitution and ''crack'' cocaine use during pregnancy. After an incomplete abortion at 11 weeks' gestation, a suction dilatation and curettage of uterine contents was done. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphoplasmacytic deciduitis and decidual necrosis, as well as rare first trimester chorionic villi. Silver staining using the Steiner technique showed numerous spirochetes, morphologically consistent with Treponema pallidum, in the decidualized endometrial tissues. This case of syphilitic endometritis, which: appears to be the first reported, suggests that treponemal infection can cause fetal morbidity during early gestation. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT GYNECOL & OBSTET,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RES LAB,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI32341-01] NR 5 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1259 EP 1261 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PW025 UT WOS:A1994PW02500009 PM 7973925 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR IRWIN, KL FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB WORD, C SERRANO, Y INCIARDI, JA BOWSER, BP SCHILLING, RF HOLMBERG, SD ELBASSEL, N CABRERA, A FLORES, Y GUZMAN, N HOGAN, R MELENDEZ, N NIEVES, E OCASIO, A RIVERA, G RIZZOLO, A STEELE, F TURSO, S BIDASSIE, B KUOHSIEN, S STRAUSS, D MCCOY, HV MCBRIDE, DC WEATHERBY, N RIVERS, JE ALONSO, E ARISTIDE, G ASHELY, M BOWENS, S BUCKWALDEN, D COMERFORD, S DEVEAUXSHEPARD, V DYER, E GALVEZ, M GRIFFIN, J JONES, M LOCASCIO, V MAGILNER, L MENDEZ, N MCKAY, C MCQUEEN, L MILES, C MIRANDA, R PAGAN, L PIERRE, RM SALAS, R SEOANE, L SHABAZZ, B WALDEN, E FLECHER, MA GARCIAMORALES, R EVANS, PE WORD, CO BALLESTEROS, C BYRD, S CURTIS, W DOGAN, D GARNER, A GRIFFIN, M HAWKINS, C HUNTERGAMBLE, D IREGUI, C JUSTICE, M LEE, M LODICO, M MCGILROY, J PATTERSON, V PENN, S PERKINS, C PERSAUD, M RICHARDSON, C ROBERTSON, N BACK, A LARSEN, S SCHMIDT, DS BYERS, RH LUDWIG, D JOHNSON, R WONG, L DUSHKU, J AF EDLIN, BR IRWIN, KL FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB WORD, C SERRANO, Y INCIARDI, JA BOWSER, BP SCHILLING, RF HOLMBERG, SD ELBASSEL, N CABRERA, A FLORES, Y GUZMAN, N HOGAN, R MELENDEZ, N NIEVES, E OCASIO, A RIVERA, G RIZZOLO, A STEELE, F TURSO, S BIDASSIE, B KUOHSIEN, S STRAUSS, D MCCOY, HV MCBRIDE, DC WEATHERBY, N RIVERS, JE ALONSO, E ARISTIDE, G ASHELY, M BOWENS, S BUCKWALDEN, D COMERFORD, S DEVEAUXSHEPARD, V DYER, E GALVEZ, M GRIFFIN, J JONES, M LOCASCIO, V MAGILNER, L MENDEZ, N MCKAY, C MCQUEEN, L MILES, C MIRANDA, R PAGAN, L PIERRE, RM SALAS, R SEOANE, L SHABAZZ, B WALDEN, E FLECHER, MA GARCIAMORALES, R EVANS, PE WORD, CO BALLESTEROS, C BYRD, S CURTIS, W DOGAN, D GARNER, A GRIFFIN, M HAWKINS, C HUNTERGAMBLE, D IREGUI, C JUSTICE, M LEE, M LODICO, M MCGILROY, J PATTERSON, V PENN, S PERKINS, C PERSAUD, M RICHARDSON, C ROBERTSON, N BACK, A LARSEN, S SCHMIDT, DS BYERS, RH LUDWIG, D JOHNSON, R WONG, L DUSHKU, J TI INTERSECTING EPIDEMICS - CRACK COCAINE USE AND HIV-INFECTION AMONG INNER-CITY YOUNG-ADULTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; DRUG-USERS; RISK; SEX; PROSTITUTION; SYPHILIS; SMOKERS; AIDS AB Background and Methods. The smoking of ''crack'' cocaine is thought to be associated with high-risk sexual practices that accelerate the spread of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We studied 2323 young adults, 18 to 29 years of age, who smoked crack regularly or who had never smoked crack. The study participants, recruited from the streets of inner-city neighborhoods in New York, Miami, and San Francisco, were interviewed and tested for HIV. This report presents the findings for the 1967 participants (85 percent) who had never injected drugs. Results. Of the 1137 crack smokers, 15.7 percent were positive for HIV antibody, as compared with 5.2 percent of the 830 nonsmokers (prevalence ratio adjusted for the city, 2.4; 99 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 3.6). The prevalence of HIV was highest among the crack-smoking women in New York (29.6 percent) and Miami (23.0 percent). In these two cities, of the 283 women who had sex in exchange for money or drugs, 30.4 percent were infected with HIV as compared with 9.1 percent of the 286 other women (prevalence ratio, 3.1; 99 percent confidence interval, 1.9 to 5.1); of the 91 men who had anal sex with other men, 42.9 percent were infected with HIV as compared with 9.3 percent of the 582 men who did not have anal sex with other men (prevalence ratio, 4.7; 99 percent confidence interval, 3.0 to 7.4). In multivariable analyses, these high-risk sexual practices accounted for the higher prevalence of HIV infection among the crack smokers, as compared with those who did not smoke crack. Women who had recently had unprotected sex in exchange for money or drugs were as likely to be infected as men who had had sex with men (40.9 percent vs. 42.9 percent). Conclusions. In poor, inner-city communities young smokers of crack cocaine, particularly women who have sex in exchange for money or drugs, are at high risk for HIV infection. Crack use promotes the heterosexual transmission of HIV. C1 ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33152. BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE. CALIF STATE UNIV HAYWARD,HAYWARD,CA 94542. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS E45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU204582, U64/CCU404539, U64/CCU904-453] NR 31 TC 427 Z9 432 U1 2 U2 8 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 21 BP 1422 EP 1427 DI 10.1056/NEJM199411243312106 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU533 UT WOS:A1994PU53300006 PM 7969281 ER PT J AU BROOK, JH BLOLAND, PB ZUCKER, JR AF BROOK, JH BLOLAND, PB ZUCKER, JR TI MALARIA IN NEW-JERSEY - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SHAMBLEE,GA 30341. RP BROOK, JH (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 21 BP 1454 EP 1455 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU533 UT WOS:A1994PU53300015 ER PT J AU HARDY, IRB STREBEL, PM WHARTON, M ORENSTEIN, WA AF HARDY, IRB STREBEL, PM WHARTON, M ORENSTEIN, WA TI THE 1993 PERTUSSIS EPIDEMIC IN CINCINNATI SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID VACCINE EFFICACY; FIELD RP HARDY, IRB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 21 BP 1455 EP 1455 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU533 UT WOS:A1994PU53300016 PM 7969289 ER PT J AU GASPARI, AA SLATER, CA VISVESVARA, GS AF GASPARI, AA SLATER, CA VISVESVARA, GS TI LAUNDRY BRIGHTENERS AND AMEBIC CYSTS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CALCOFLUOR WHITE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SHAMBLEE,GA 30341. RP GASPARI, AA (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 21 BP 1459 EP 1459 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PU533 UT WOS:A1994PU53300026 ER PT J AU CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R RANDOLPH, S RHOADES, E BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, D BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D AF CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R RANDOLPH, S RHOADES, E BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, D BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D TI ADULT-BLOOD LEAD EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 483-485, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,OCCUPAT HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,OCCUPAT DIS REGISTRY,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319. MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM,LEAD POISONING PREVENT PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT LABOR & IND,DIV OCCUPAT HYG,BOSTON,MA 02202. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR CHILD & FAMILY SERV,LANSING,MI 48909. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT DIS PREVENT PROJECT,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73117. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. PENN DEPT HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV HLTH HAZARDS EVALUAT,COLUMBIA,SC. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX 78756. UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LABOR & IND,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI 53707. CDC,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHOWDHURY, NH (reprint author), ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36102, USA. RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008 OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 23 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 20 BP 1571 EP 1572 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR405 UT WOS:A1994PR40500005 ER PT J AU MILLARD, PS GENSHEIMER, KF ADDISS, DG SOSIN, DM BECKETT, GA HOUCKJANKOSKI, A HUDSON, A AF MILLARD, PS GENSHEIMER, KF ADDISS, DG SOSIN, DM BECKETT, GA HOUCKJANKOSKI, A HUDSON, A TI AN OUTBREAK OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS FROM FRESH-PRESSED APPLE CIDER SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITY; SYMPTOMS; GEORGIA; GIARDIA; DISEASE; OOCYSTS AB Background.-Recent waterborne outbreaks have established Cryptosporidium as an emerging enteric pathogen, but foodborne transmission has rarely been reported. In October 1993, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred among students and staff attending a 1-day school agricultural fair in central Maine. Design.-Environmental/laboratory investigation and cohort study. Participants.-Attendees of the fair and their household members. Main Outcome Measures.-Clinical or laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis. Clinical cryptosporidiosis was defined as 3 days of either diarrhea (three loose stools in a 24-hour period) or vomiting. Results.-Surveys were completed for 611 (81%) of the estimated 759 fair attendees. Among attendees who completed the survey, there were 160 (26%) primary cases. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the stools of 50 (89%) of 56 primary and secondary case patients tested. The median incubation period was 6 days (range, 10 hours to 13 days); the median duration of illness was 6 days (range, 1 to 16 days). Eighty-four percent of primary case patients had diarrhea and 82% had vomiting. Persons drinking apple cider that was hand pressed in the afternoon were at increased risk for cryptosporidiosis (154 [54%] of 284 exposed vs six [2%] of 292 unexposed; relative risk, 26; 95% confidence interval, 12 to 59). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the apple cider, on the cider press, and in the stool specimen of a calf on the farm that supplied the apples. The secondary household transmission rate was 15% (53/353). Conclusions.-This is the first large cryptosporidiosis outbreak in which foodborne transmission has been documented. It underscores the need for agricultural producers to take measures to avoid contamination of foodstuffs with infectious agents common to the farm environment. C1 MAINE BUR HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,AUGUSTA,ME 04333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 35 TC 195 Z9 211 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 23 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 20 BP 1592 EP 1596 DI 10.1001/jama.272.20.1592 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR405 UT WOS:A1994PR40500025 PM 7966869 ER PT J AU MCANULTY, JM FLEMING, DW GONZALEZ, AH AF MCANULTY, JM FLEMING, DW GONZALEZ, AH TI A COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SWIMMING AT A WAVE POOL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; GIARDIA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; DIARRHEA; GEORGIA; CALVES AB Objective.-To determine the cause of a community-wide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. Design.-A matched case-control study. Setting.-General community of Lane County, Oregon. Patients and Other Participants.-Persons with Cryptosporidium detected in their stool from June to October 1992 were identified by contacting laboratories serving the area. Exposures of the first 18 case patients identified were compared with those of 18 age- and neighborhood-matched controls selected from a reverse telephone directory. Main Outcome Measures.-Reported exposures to risk factors for cryptosporidiosis and abatement of cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Results.-Fifty-five patients with cryptosporidiosis were detected, including 37 who were the first individuals ill in their households. The case-control study involving the first 18 case patients showed no association between illness and attendance at day care or drinking municipal water or drinking untreated surface waters (river or lake water) in the 2 weeks before onset of illness. However, nine of 18 case patients reported swimming at a local wave pool, compared with none of 18 controls. We ultimately identified 17 case patients who reported swimming at the same wave pool during their incubation periods, whose exposure dates spanned a 2-month period. Inspection of the pool's filtration system did not detect any abnormalities. The outbreak subsided after the pool water was drained and replaced. Conclusions.-This prolonged outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was likely caused by exposure to fecally contaminated wave pool water. Since Cryptosporidium is highly chlorine resistant and inadequately removed by sand filters, such outbreaks may represent an unrecognized hazard of wave pools, where the likelihood of inadvertent water ingestion is high. Such outbreaks may go undetected in areas where cryptosporidiosis is not reportable or laboratory screening is infrequent. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. OREGON MED LABS,EUGENE,OR. RP MCANULTY, JM (reprint author), OREGON HLTH DIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,800 NE OREGON ST,PORTLAND,OR 97232, USA. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 23 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 20 BP 1597 EP 1600 DI 10.1001/jama.272.20.1597 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR405 UT WOS:A1994PR40500026 PM 7966870 ER PT J AU DIETZ, V ZELL, E EDDINS, D BERNIER, R ORENSTEIN, W AF DIETZ, V ZELL, E EDDINS, D BERNIER, R ORENSTEIN, W TI VACCINATION COVERAGE IN THE USA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP DIETZ, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 19 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8934 BP 1439 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90610-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR786 UT WOS:A1994PR78600056 PM 7968103 ER PT J AU COOK, M MILLER, L HOFFMAN, R CLEM, B AF COOK, M MILLER, L HOFFMAN, R CLEM, B TI CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING - WELD COUNTY, COLORADO, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 765-767, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,DENVER,CO 80218. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GREELEY POLICE DEPT,GREELEY,CO. RP COOK, M (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 19 BP 1489 EP 1490 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ900 UT WOS:A1994PQ90000024 ER PT J AU BUCKNER, P FERGUSON, D ANZALONE, F TAYLOR, J HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS AF BUCKNER, P FERGUSON, D ANZALONE, F TAYLOR, J HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS TI OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ASSOCIATED WITH HOMEMADE ICE-CREAM - FLORIDA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 669-671, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTIONS C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,OFF LAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. UNIV N FLORIDA,COLL HLTH,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32216. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,STATE HLTH OFF,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 19 BP 1490 EP 1492 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ900 UT WOS:A1994PQ90000025 ER PT J AU ELSER, B PETITO, CK SNELLER, V SFAKIANAKI, ED ARES, MB EDOUARD, M HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS AF ELSER, B PETITO, CK SNELLER, V SFAKIANAKI, ED ARES, MB EDOUARD, M HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS TI HUMAN RABIES - MIAMI, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 773-775, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MIAMI,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELSER, B (reprint author), JACKSON MEM HOSP,MIAMI,FL 33136, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 16 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 19 BP 1494 EP 1494 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ900 UT WOS:A1994PQ90000027 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF INGRAM, DD MAKUC, DM AF GILLUM, RF INGRAM, DD MAKUC, DM TI RELATION BETWEEN SERUM-ALBUMIN CONCENTRATION AND STROKE INCIDENCE AND DEATH - THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; CEREBRAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; SERUM ALBUMIN ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; INFORMATION; SMOKING; RATIO; RISK AB Relatively high serum albumin levels have been associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and coronary heart disease incidence. No prospective studies have examined serum albumin and stroke mortality and incidence. Therefore, data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study were examined to assess serum albumin level as a risk factor for stroke. White men aged 65-74 years with serum albumin concentrations of >4.4 g/dl had a risk of stroke incidence over a follow-up period of 9-16 years of only about two-thirds that of men with serum albumin concentrations of <4.2 g/dl. This effect persisted after controlling for multiple stroke risk variables (relative risk = 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.41-0.89). A similar association with stroke death was found in white men aged 65-74 years. Serum albumin was not associated with stroke risk in white women aged 65-74 years. In blacks aged 45-74 years, serum albumin concentrations of >4.4 g/dl were associated with a risk of stroke incidence only one-half and a risk of stroke death only one-fourth that seen at levels <4.2 g/dl after controlling other risk variables. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate mechanisms for the effect of serum albumin on stroke incidence and death. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 10 BP 876 EP 888 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR797 UT WOS:A1994PR79700003 PM 7977275 ER PT J AU LIU, SM SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF MOKDAD, AH BYERS, T AF LIU, SM SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF MOKDAD, AH BYERS, T TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF ALCOHOL INTAKE AND CHANGE IN BODY-WEIGHT AMONG US ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DRINKING; OBESITY; WEIGHT GAIN ID UNITED-STATES ADULTS; NUTRIENT INTAKE; BLOOD-LIPIDS; SMOKING; CONSUMPTION; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; DRINKING AB Little is known about the role of alcohol in determining change in body weight. In this paper, the authors examine the relation between alcohol intake and body weight in 7,230 US adults aged 25-74 years who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-1975) and who were reweighed 10 years later (1982-1984). Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses were adjusted for age, race, height, education, health status, smoking status, diet status, physical activity, and total nonalcoholic caloric intake. At baseline, women who reported at least one drink per day weighed 2.3 kg less than nondrinkers (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.4 to -4.2). Little relation was observed between body weight and alcohol intake cross-sectionally among men. Prospectively, both men and women drinkers tended to gain less weight than did nondrinkers (p = 0.006 for trend in women, p = 0.11 for trend in men). Drinkers also had more stable weight over the 10-year follow-up period. Drinkers were less likely to have major weight gain or loss (gaining or losing greater than or equal to 10 kg) than were nondrinkers. Compared with nondrinkers, for those who consumed 1-6.9 drinks per week, women had an odds ratio (OR) = 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) for major weight gain and an OR = 0.7 (95% Ci 0.5 to 1.1) for major weight loss, while men had an OR = 1.0 (95% Ci 0.6 to 1.6) for major weight gain and an OR = 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.2) for major weight loss. For those who consumed greater than or equal to 2 drinks per day, women had an OR = 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.0) for major weight gain and an OR = 0.8 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.6) for major weight loss, while men had an OR = 0.9 (95% Cl 0.5 to 1.6) for major weight gain and an OR = 1.0 (95% Cl 0.6 to 1.7) for major weight loss. These data suggest that alcohol intake does not increase the risk of obesity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP LIU, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CHRONIC DIS PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 36 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 10 BP 912 EP 920 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR797 UT WOS:A1994PR79700006 PM 7977278 ER PT J AU WOOLF, GM PETROVIC, LM ROJTER, SE WAINWRIGHT, S VILLAMIL, FG KATKOV, WN MICHIELETTI, P WANLESS, IR STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ VIERLING, JM AF WOOLF, GM PETROVIC, LM ROJTER, SE WAINWRIGHT, S VILLAMIL, FG KATKOV, WN MICHIELETTI, P WANLESS, IR STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ VIERLING, JM TI ACUTE HEPATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHINESE HERBAL PRODUCT JIN BU HUAN SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS, TOXIC; JIN BU HUAN; MEDICINE, HERBAL; QUALITY CONTROL ID VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; MEDICINE; TOXICITY; HEPATOTOXICITY; MEDICATION; LIVER AB Objective: To describe the hepatotoxicity associated with ingestion of the Chinese herbal product Jin Bu Huan Anodyne Tablets (Lycopodium serratum) and to propose possible mechanisms of injury. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Academic hepatology units and private practice facilities. Patients: Seven previously healthy patients. Measurements: Clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histologic studies. Results: Acute hepatitis occurred after a mean of 20 weeks (range, 7 to 52 weeks) of Jin Bu Huan ingestion and resolved in six patients within a mean of 8 weeks (range, 2 to 30 weeks); another patient is currently improving. Hepatitis was associated with symptoms of fever, fatigue, nausea, pruritus, and abdominal pain and with signs of jaundice and hepatomegaly. Biopsy specimens showed that one patient had hepatitis with eosinophils (consistent with a drug reaction) and the other had mild hepatitis, moderate fibrosis, and microvesicular steatosis. Decreasing the Jin Bu Huan dose in one patient improved liver test results. Reusing Jin Bu Huan in two other patients caused abrupt recrudescence of hepatitis. Conclusion: Jin Bu Huan can cause liver injury. Although the hepatotoxic mechanisms are not defined, they may include hypersensitive or idiosyncratic reactions or direct toxicity to active metabolites. Hepatotoxicity caused by herbal products underscores the importance of national surveillance programs and quality control of the manufacture of these products. C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR, LIVER TRANSPLANTAT PROGRAM, LOS ANGELES, CA 90048 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. TORONTO HOSP, DIV GEN, DIV GASTROENTEROL, TORONTO M5G 2C4, ON, CANADA. ST JOHNS HOSP, DIV GASTROENTEROL, SANTA MONICA, CA 90404 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RP WOOLF, GM (reprint author), CEDARS SINAI MED CTR, HEPATOL PROGRAM, 8700 BEVERLY BLVD, SUITE 7511, LOS ANGELES, CA 90048 USA. NR 29 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 10 BP 729 EP 735 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ928 UT WOS:A1994PQ92800001 PM 7944049 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, LS CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, S MORGAN, M COLBERT, G AF ROSENBLUM, LS CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, S MORGAN, M COLBERT, G TI EFFECT OF HIV-INFECTION AND TUBERCULOSIS ON HOSPITALIZATIONS AND COST OF CARE FOR YOUNG-ADULTS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985 TO 1990 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; MEDICAL-CARE; OUTBREAK; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis on hospitalizations and the cost of care. Design: National Hospital Discharge Survey, a nationally representative survey of discharges from U.S. nonfederal short-stay hospitals, and statewide billing information. Patients: Patients 15 to 44 years of age with a listed diagnosis of HIV infection (n = 418 200) or active tuberculosis (n = 77 700) during 1985-1990. Results: During 1985-1990, hospitalizations related to HIV infection increased sixfold, from 18 to 102 per 100 000 persons; during 1988-1990, hospitalizations related to-tuberculosis increased twofold, from 8 to 16 per 100 000 persons. The prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients increased from 2.4% in 1985-1988 to 5.1% in 1989-1990 (P = 0.003). The prevalence of HIV infection among patients with tuberculosis increased from 11% in 1985-1988 to 28% in 1989 to 39% in 1990 (P < 0.001). Infection with HIV was more prevalent among patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (31%) than among those with pulmonary tuberculosis (18%) (P = 0.01). An increase in the duration of hospital stay was associated with both tuberculosis and HIV infection. From 1985 to 1990, inpatient care costs increased 7.7-fold and 3.2-fold for HIV and tuberculosis hospitalizations, respectively. During this period, HIV and tuberculosis hospitalizations resulted in 5 793 000 and 1 107 900 days of care, respectively, with an estimated direct cost of $5.7 to $7.4 billion and $0.89 to $1.07 billion, respectively. Estimated national costs of inpatient care for HIV infection or tuberculosis or both totaled $6.4 to $8.1 billion, 5% of which was for patients with both HIV infection and tuberculosis. Conclusions: This is the first study to use a nationally representative sample of hospitals, combined with cost data, to estimate hospitalizations and their costs for HIV and tuberculosis care. Our findings suggest that the convergence of the HIV and tuberculosis epidemics has had an increasing effect on morbidity and the cost of care among young adults in the United States. The increasing prevalence of comorbidity of HIV infection and tuberculosis in inpatients underscores the need for strict infection control of tuberculosis on the part of hospitals, increased attention to prevention, and early identification and treatment of HIV infection and tuberculosis to reduce morbidity, hospitalizations, and the cost of care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 10 BP 786 EP 792 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ928 UT WOS:A1994PQ92800009 PM 7944056 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL TI THE COMBINATION OF IL-6 AND SOLUBLE IL-6R UP-REGULATES PROTEIN-S IN PRIMARY UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 SU 1 BP A391 EP A391 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PR754 UT WOS:A1994PR75401547 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ EVATT, BL TI TNF-ALPHA SUPPRESSES IL-6 UP-REGULATION OF PROTEIN-S IN THE HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELLS SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 SU 1 BP A78 EP A78 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PR754 UT WOS:A1994PR75400300 ER PT J AU KADAKIA, M ELSAWY, M STEWART, J PELLETT, PE ARMSTRONG, JA RYBKA, WB AF KADAKIA, M ELSAWY, M STEWART, J PELLETT, PE ARMSTRONG, JA RYBKA, WB TI CLINICAL SEQUELAE OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6 INFECTION FOLLOWING AUTOLOGOUS AND ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH CANC INST,DIV HEMATOL BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 SU 1 BP A485 EP A485 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PR754 UT WOS:A1994PR75401919 ER PT J AU MARSTON, BJ LIPMAN, HB BREIMAN, RF AF MARSTON, BJ LIPMAN, HB BREIMAN, RF TI SURVEILLANCE FOR LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE - RISK-FACTORS FOR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; UNITED-STATES; GUINEA-PIG; PNEUMONIA; VIRULENCE; PREVALENCE; ANTIGENS; CANCER AB Background: To augment available information about the epidemiology of legionnaires' disease, we analyzed data reported to the passive surveillance system at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, from 1980 through 1989. Methods: Risk of disease associated with specific demographic characteristics and health conditions was calculated by comparing the surveillance group with the US population. Risk of death was calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A diagnosis of legionnaires' disease was confirmed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria for 3254 patients. Disease rates did not vary by year, but were higher in the northern states and during the summer. Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, constituted 71.5% of fully identified isolates. This study confirmed previously identified risk factors for legionnaires' disease. In addition, a markedly elevated risk was identified for persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (rate ratio, 41.9; 95% confidence interval, 12.9, 71.0), or hematologic malignancy (rate ratio, 22.4; 95% confidence interval, 19.0, 25.9). Likelihood of death was increased in patients who were elderly or male; those with hospital-acquired infection, renal disease, malignancy, or immunosuppression; and chose from whom L pneumophila, serogroup 6, was isolated. Conclusions: Infection with Legionella remains an important cause of disease and death in the United States. Diagnosis and treatment of legionnaires' disease should be targeted at patients at increased risk for illness and complications due to Legionella infection. Diagnostic tests for legionnaires' disease based on species other than L pneumophila, serogroup 1, should be developed and tested. Recommendations for prevention of legionnaires' disease should be focused on settings where there are persons at greatest risk for illness or serious outcome. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 31 TC 296 Z9 316 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 14 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 21 BP 2417 EP 2422 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.21.2417 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR043 UT WOS:A1994PR04300005 PM 7979837 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI HANDWASHING - THE SEMMELWEIS LESSON FORGOTTEN SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; INFECTIONS RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 9 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 12 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8933 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90687-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ926 UT WOS:A1994PQ92600003 PM 7968023 ER PT J AU OKWERA, A WHALEN, C BYEKWASO, F VJECHA, M JOHNSON, J HUEBNER, R MUGERWA, R ELLNER, J AISU, T MORRISEY, A HOM, D DAYLALLY, C ERIKI, P DANIEL, T NAKIBALI, J NYOLE, S WALLIS, R EDMONDS, K AF OKWERA, A WHALEN, C BYEKWASO, F VJECHA, M JOHNSON, J HUEBNER, R MUGERWA, R ELLNER, J AISU, T MORRISEY, A HOM, D DAYLALLY, C ERIKI, P DANIEL, T NAKIBALI, J NYOLE, S WALLIS, R EDMONDS, K TI RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF THIACETAZONE AND RIFAMPICIN-CONTAINING REGIMENS FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED UGANDANS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; COHORT; KENYA; RISK AB Among HIV-positive patients who received treatment for active tuberculosis, thiacetazone has been associated with cutaneous hypersensitivity and recurrent tuberculosis. No controlled trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of thiacetazone-containing regimens compared with alternative regimens among patients with HIV. In a randomised clinical trial of 191 HIV-positive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, we examined the safety and short-term efficacy of isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide for two months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for seven months (RHZ) compared with streptomycin, thiacetazone, and isoniazid for two months followed by thiacetazone and isoniazid for ten months (STH). Between May, 1990, and September, 1991, 191 HIV-positive adult Ugandan patients with acid-fast sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by culture) received either STH or RHZ. Subjects had a standard evaluation that included Mantoux shin test, complete blood count with differential white blood cell count, and chest radiography. After starting therapy, subjects were followed-up over one year for three outcomes: complications of anti-tuberculosis therapy, early sterilisation of cultures, and survival. Of 191 eligible subjects, 90 received STH and 101 received RHZ. The overall one-year survival was similar for STH and RHZ (65% vs 72%), but when controlled for baseline differences in Mantoux reaction size and absolute lymphocyte count, the relative risk of death for STH compared with RHZ was 1.57 (95% Cl 1.0-2.48). Overall, 12 adverse drug reactions occurred in the STH arm (18.2 reactions per 100 person years [PYO]) compared with one in the RHZ arm (1.6 reactions per 100 PYO) for a relative risk of 11.7 (95% Cl 1.52-90.0). 10 cutaneous reactions occurred in the STH arm (15.2 events per 100 PYO) compared with one event in the RHZ arm (1.6 events per 100 PYO) for a relative risk of 9.7 (95% Cl: 1.24, 75.8). A greater proportion of RHZ patients compared with STH patients had sterilised their sputum within two months (74% vs 37%, p<0.001). In developing countries, rifampicin-containing regimens should be given, when possible, to HIV-positive patients to reduce drug toxicity and to prolong survival. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. MAKERERE UNIV,UGANDAN MINIST HLTH,KAMPALA,UGANDA. MAKERERE UNIV,DEPT MED,KAMPALA,UGANDA. UGANDAN NATL TB & LEPROSY CONTROL PROGRAMME,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU PHS HHS [CCU 501881] NR 29 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 12 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8933 BP 1323 EP 1328 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90693-9 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ926 UT WOS:A1994PQ92600009 PM 7526098 ER PT J AU SCHABLE, C ZEKENG, L PAU, CP HU, D KAPTUE, L GURTLER, L DONDERO, T TSAGUE, JM SCHOCHETMAN, G JAFFE, H GEORGE, JR AF SCHABLE, C ZEKENG, L PAU, CP HU, D KAPTUE, L GURTLER, L DONDERO, T TSAGUE, JM SCHOCHETMAN, G JAFFE, H GEORGE, JR TI SENSITIVITY OF UNITED-STATES HIV ANTIBODY TESTS FOR DETECTION OF HIV-1 GROUP-O INFECTIONS SO LANCET LA English DT Note AB Infections by highly divergent strains of HIV-1, first detected in central Africa and grouped provisionally as group O, have not been reliably detected by certain European HIV screening tests. Serum specimens from eight probable group O infections from Cameroon were tested by ten HIV assays licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration. All assays based on synthetic peptides or recombinant antigens failed to detect at least one of the infections; assays based on whole-virus lysates performed better. Divergent HIV strains may be undetected by current HIV tests. Thus active surveillance for and characterisation of HIV variants to evaluate and, when necessary, modify current tests is urgently needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV YAOUNDE,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. MAX VON PETTENKOFER INST,W-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. NR 7 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 12 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8933 BP 1333 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90695-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PQ926 UT WOS:A1994PQ92600011 PM 7968029 ER PT J AU AKHTER, MN LEVY, ME MITCHELL, C BODDIE, R DONEGAN, N GRIFFITH, B JONES, M STAIR, TO AF AKHTER, MN LEVY, ME MITCHELL, C BODDIE, R DONEGAN, N GRIFFITH, B JONES, M STAIR, TO TI ASSESSMENT OF INADEQUATELY FILTERED PUBLIC DRINKING-WATER - WASHINGTON, DC, DECEMBER-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 661-663, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA; SUPPLIES C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP AKHTER, MN (reprint author), DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 18 BP 1401 EP 1402 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP690 UT WOS:A1994PP69000007 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, JM FLORES, GJ TOBIAS, SR ALLEN, CR HUANG, PP SIMPSON, DM AF GOMEZ, JM FLORES, GJ TOBIAS, SR ALLEN, CR HUANG, PP SIMPSON, DM TI MINORS ACCESS TO CIGARETTE VENDING MACHINES - TEXAS (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 625-627, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US PHS,REG 2,NEW YORK,NY 10278. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR CHRON DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOMEZ, JM (reprint author), ARLINGTON POLICE DEPT,ARLINGTON,VA, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 18 BP 1402 EP 1403 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP690 UT WOS:A1994PP69000008 ER PT J AU SEDDON, JM AJANI, UA SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R BLAIR, N BURTON, TC FARBER, MD GRAGOUDAS, ES HALLER, J MILLER, DT YANNUZZI, LA WILLETT, W AF SEDDON, JM AJANI, UA SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R BLAIR, N BURTON, TC FARBER, MD GRAGOUDAS, ES HALLER, J MILLER, DT YANNUZZI, LA WILLETT, W TI DIETARY CAROTENOIDS, VITAMIN-A, VITAMIN-C, AND VITAMIN-E, AND ADVANCED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE SMOKERS; RETINA; PLASMA; ASCORBATE; LIGHT; RATS AB Objective.-To evaluate the relationships between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among adults. Design.-The multicenter Eye Disease Case-Control Study. Setting.-Five ophthalmology centers in the United States. Patients.-A total of 356 case subjects who were diagnosed with the advanced stage of AMD within 1 year prior to their enrollment, aged 55 to 80 years, and residing near a participating clinical center. The 520 control subjects were from the same geographic areas as case subjects, had other ocular diseases, and were frequency-matched to cases according to age and sex. Main Outcome Measures.-The relative risk for AMD was estimated according to dietary indicators of antioxidant status, controlling for smoking and other risk factors, by using multiple logistic-regression analyses. Results.-A higher dietary intake of carotenoids was associated with a lower risk for AMD. Adjusting for other risk factors for AMD, we found that those in the highest quintile of carotenoid intake had a 43% lower risk for AMD compared with those in the lowest quintile (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.92; P for trend=.02). Among the specific carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are primarily obtained from dark green, leafy vegetables, were most strongly associated with a reduced risk for AMD (P for trend=.001). Several food items rich in carotenoids were inversely associated with AMD. In particular, a higher frequency of intake of spinach or collard greens was associated with a substantially lower risk for AMD (P for trend<.001). The intake of preformed vitamin A (retinol) was not appreciably related to AMD. Neither vitamin E nor total vitamin C consumption was associated with a statistically significant reduced risk for AMD, although a possibly lower risk for AMD was suggested among those with higher intake of vitamin C, particularly from foods. Conclusion.-Increasing the consumption of foods rich in certain carotenoids, in particular dark green, leafy vegetables, may decrease the risk of developing advanced or exudative AMD, the most visually disabling form of macular degeneration among older people. These findings support the need for further studies of this relationship. C1 MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRM,RETINA SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114. MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRM,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. NEI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. WILMER EYE INST,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MANHATTAN EYE EAR & THROAT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP SEDDON, JM (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRM,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,243 CHARLES ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY09972] NR 27 TC 842 Z9 870 U1 6 U2 78 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 9 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 18 BP 1413 EP 1420 DI 10.1001/jama.272.18.1413 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP690 UT WOS:A1994PP69000028 PM 7933422 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL LEVINE, O AF SWERDLOW, DL LEVINE, O TI CHOLERA CONTROL AMONG RWANDAN REFUGEES IN ZAIRE SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 5 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8932 BP 1302 EP 1303 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90793-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP701 UT WOS:A1994PP70100053 PM 7818702 ER PT J AU ROGERS, MF JAFFE, HW AF ROGERS, MF JAFFE, HW TI REDUCING THE RISK OF MATERNAL INFANT TRANSMISSION OF HIV - A DOOR IS OPENED SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION RP ROGERS, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 3 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 18 BP 1222 EP 1223 DI 10.1056/NEJM199411033311810 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PN806 UT WOS:A1994PN80600010 PM 7935662 ER PT J AU ZIMICKI, S MCCOMBIE, S KOEPKE, C ROMER, D HORNIK, R ARBETER, A WOOD, D PEREYRA, M HALFON, N HAMLIN, JS HOLT, E HUGHART, N KEANE, V STANTON, B GUYER, B RODEWALD, L SZILAGYI, P HUMISTON, S ROGHMANN, K RAUBERTAS, R AF ZIMICKI, S MCCOMBIE, S KOEPKE, C ROMER, D HORNIK, R ARBETER, A WOOD, D PEREYRA, M HALFON, N HAMLIN, JS HOLT, E HUGHART, N KEANE, V STANTON, B GUYER, B RODEWALD, L SZILAGYI, P HUMISTON, S ROGHMANN, K RAUBERTAS, R TI IMPACT OF MISSED OPPORTUNITIES TO VACCINATE PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN ON VACCINATION COVERAGE LEVELS - SELECTED US SITES, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 709-711, 717-718, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP ZIMICKI, S (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN MED CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 2 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 17 BP 1317 EP 1318 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP020 UT WOS:A1994PP02000008 ER PT J AU BELL, BP GOLDOFT, M GRIFFIN, PM DAVIS, MA GORDON, DC TARR, PI BARTLESON, CA LEWIS, JH BARRETT, TJ WELLS, JG BARON, R KOBAYASHI, J AF BELL, BP GOLDOFT, M GRIFFIN, PM DAVIS, MA GORDON, DC TARR, PI BARTLESON, CA LEWIS, JH BARRETT, TJ WELLS, JG BARON, R KOBAYASHI, J TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 ASSOCIATED BLOODY DIARRHEA AND HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME FROM HAMBURGERS - THE WASHINGTON EXPERIENCE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7 STRAINS; NURSING-HOME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; 0157-H7; INFECTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Objective.-To determine the source of and describe a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Washington State. Design.-Case-control study; environmental investigation; provider-based surveillance for E coli O157:H7 infections. Setting.-Chain of fast-food restaurants, hospitals, physician offices, local laboratories, and local health departments. Participants.-Patients with diarrhea and neighborhood controls. A case was defined as diarrhea with culture-confirmed E coli O157:H7 infection or postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurring from December 1, 1992, through February 28, 1993, in a Washington State resident. Controls were age- and neighborhood-matched friends of the first 16 case patients. Interventions.-Announcement to the public; recall of implicated hamburger lots. Main Outcome Measure.-Abatement of outbreak due to E coli O157:H7. Results.-Infection was associated with eating at a fast-food chain (chain A) in the 10 days before symptoms began. Twelve (75%) of 16 case patients but no controls had eaten at chain A (matched odds ratio undefined; lower 95% confidence interval, 3.5; P<.001). In total, 501 cases were reported, including 151 hospitalizations (31%), 45 cases of HUS (9%), and three deaths. Forty-eight patients (10%) had secondary infections. Of the remaining 453 patients (90%), 398 (86%) reported eating at a Washington chain A restaurant; 92% of them reported eating a regular hamburger. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern of the E coli O157:H7 strains isolated from all regular hamburger lots of a single production date shipped to Washington was identical to that of the strains isolated from patients. Ten (63%) of 16 regular hamburgers cooked according to chain A policy had internal temperatures below 60 degrees C. Public health action removed more than 250 000 potentially contaminated hamburgers, preventing an estimated 800 cases. Conclusions.-This E coli O157:H7 outbreak, the largest reported, resulted from errors in meat processing and cooking. Public health surveillance through state-mandated reporting of E coli O157:H7 infection as is carried out in Washington State was critical for prompt outbreak recognition and control. Measures should be developed to reduce meat contamination. Consumers and food service workers should be educated about cooking hamburger meat thoroughly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. SNOHOMISH HLTH DIST,EVERETT,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GASTROENTEROL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98105. NR 25 TC 448 Z9 468 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 2 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 17 BP 1349 EP 1353 DI 10.1001/jama.272.17.1349 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PP020 UT WOS:A1994PP02000029 PM 7933395 ER PT J AU ALLEN, DM LEHMAN, JS GREEN, TA LINDEGREN, ML ONORATO, IM FORRESTER, W COLLIE, D CONNELL, T DEPPE, D EFRID, J MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SLOANE, S WELLS, D AF ALLEN, DM LEHMAN, JS GREEN, TA LINDEGREN, ML ONORATO, IM FORRESTER, W COLLIE, D CONNELL, T DEPPE, D EFRID, J MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SLOANE, S WELLS, D TI HIV-INFECTION AMONG HOMELESS ADULTS AND RUNAWAY YOUTH, UNITED-STATES, 1989-1992 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; HOMELESSNESS; HIV SEROPREVALENCE; YOUTH; ADULTS ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HEALTH; USERS; MEN AB Objectives: Homeless persons have an increased risk of HIV infection because of a high prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors. These include drug use, sexual contact with persons at risk for HIV infection, and the exchange of sex for drugs. The objectives of this investigation were to describe HIV seroprevalence rates in homeless adults and runaway youth. Methods: In 1989, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began collaboration with state and local health departments to conduct HIV seroprevalence surveys in homeless populations. Unlinked HIV seroprevalence surveys were conducted in 16 sites; 11 provided medical services primarily to homeless adults, and five to runaway youth aged <25 years. Results: From January 1989 through December 1992, annual surveys were conducted in 16 sites in 14 cities. Site-specific seroprevalence rates ranged from 0-21.1% (median, 3.3%). Among homeless adults in three sites, rates were higher among men who had sex with other men and those who injected drugs than among persons with other risk exposures (28.9 versus 5.3%). In general, rates were higher for heterosexual men than for women and higher among African Americans than whites. In sites providing services to homeless youth, HIV seroprevalence rates ranged from 0-7.3% (median, 2.3%). Conclusions: These data indicate that HIV infection among homeless adults and runaway youth is an important public health problem. HIV prevention and treatment should be integrated into comprehensive health and medical programs serving homeless populations. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,STAT & DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALLEN, DM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1994 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1593 EP 1598 DI 10.1097/00002030-199411000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PN949 UT WOS:A1994PN94900011 PM 7848596 ER PT J AU OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI HIV TYPE-1 VARIATION IN WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION-SPONSORED VACCINE EVALUATION SITES - GENETIC SCREENING, SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS, AND PRELIMINARY BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED VIRAL STRAINS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; PRIMARY INFECTION; ENV GENES; PHENOTYPE; MUTATIONS; VARIANTS; PROTEIN; DOMAIN AB A laboratory network has been established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to systematically isolate and characterize HIV strains from different parts of the world, and to obtain information and reagents that would facilitate HIV vaccine development. Sixty-three HIV-1 isolates obtained from 224 specimens collected during 1992-1993 in Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda were characterized in this initial study. Virus strains were first genetically subtyped using three different screening methodologies: PCR-gag fingerprinting, RNase A mismatch, and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). In addition, selected viruses were sequenced in V3 (52 strains), C2-V3 (42 strains), gp120 (15 strains), and/or gp160 (8 strains) regions of their envelope genes. These studies identified viruses belonging to different sequence subtypes in the four countries: 16 subtype B and 1 subtype C strains in Brazil, 13 subtype A strains in Rwanda, 15 subtype E and 2 subtype B strains in Thailand, and 3 subtype A and 13 subtype D strains in Uganda. Comparison of sequence data with results from the genetic screening efforts identified the HMA as a rapid and reliable method for sequence subtype determinations. The majority of strains were collected from persons documented to have recently seroconverted to HIV-1 positivity, and most strains were found to have slow replication and low cytopathic characteristics and to be non-syncytium-inducing (slow/low-NSI phenotypes) in vitro, which, in many cases, correlated with the corresponding genotype and charge of the V3 loop amino acid sequences. This collection of HIV strains is presently being characterized immunologically and serologically, including neutralization assays, to define whether there are immunological correlates of the sequence subtypes. Identification of potential immunotypes would be of considerable importance for the further development of HIV vaccines. C1 GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,FREDERICK,MD 21701. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP OSMANOV, S (reprint author), WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,DIV RES & INTERVENT DEV,VACCINE DEV UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 54 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1327 EP 1343 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1327 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600003 ER PT J AU BACHMANN, MH DELWART, EL SHPAER, EG LINGENFELTER, P SINGAL, R MULLINS, JI OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF BACHMANN, MH DELWART, EL SHPAER, EG LINGENFELTER, P SINGAL, R MULLINS, JI OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI RAPID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV TYPE-1 STRAINS FROM 4 WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION-SPONSORED VACCINE EVALUATION SITES USING A HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID THAILAND; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES AB To assist in the preparation for the testing of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) we, as part of the World Health Organization Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization (WHO-NHIC), evaluated the genotypic variation of HIV-1 in cohorts from Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda. Here we report the results from a pilot study of 65 HIV-1-infected individuals. In all cases in which viral envelope gene fragments could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction, subtypes could be assigned using a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA)(1) by comparison with HIV-1 strains representing six HIV-1 envelope subtypes. All subtype classifications matched those found by envelope gene sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships were further clarified by heteroduplex formation between samples within each subtype. A relatively homogeneous subtype E virus population predominated over subtype B viruses in the sample set from Thailand. Viruses from the other countries were also limited to one or two subtypes but were more divergent within each subtype. All samples from Rwanda (13/13) and some from Uganda (3/16) were of subtype A; all Brazilian samples were of subtype B, except for one belonging to subtype C; most samples from Uganda (13/16) clustered with the subtype D. Analysis by HMA is therefore applicable for screening of HIV-1 genotypes in countries under consideration for large-scale vaccine trials. It should be generally useful when samples containing at least one variable genetic locus need to be rapidly classified by genotype and/or analyzed for epidemiological clustering. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. WHO,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT CANC BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; Bachmann, Michael/N-9339-2016; OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Bachmann, Michael/0000-0002-0204-3720; Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32885] NR 24 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1345 EP 1353 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1345 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600004 PM 7888187 ER PT J AU KORBER, BTM OSMANOV, S ESPARZA, J MYERS, G BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J KORBER, B AF KORBER, BTM OSMANOV, S ESPARZA, J MYERS, G BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J KORBER, B TI THE WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION GLOBAL PROGRAM ON AIDS PROPOSAL FOR STANDARDIZATION OF HIV SEQUENCE NOMENCLATURE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article AB The World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS (WHO/GPA) is conducting a large-scale collaborative study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variation, based in four potential vaccine-trial site countries: Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda.(1) Through the course of this study, it was crucial to keep track of certain attributes of the samples from which the viral nucleotide sequences were derived (e.g., country of origin and viral culture characterization), so that meaningful sequence comparisons could be made. Here we describe a system developed in the context of the WHO/GPA study that summarizes such critical attributes by representing them as standardized characters directly incorporated into sequence names. This nomenclature allows linkage of clinical, phenotypic, and geographic information with molecular data. We propose that other investigators involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleotide sequencing efforts adopt a similar standardized sequence nomenclature to facilitate cross-study sequence comparison. HIV sequence data are being generated at an ever-increasing rate; directly coupled to this increase is our deepening understanding of biological parameters that influence or result from sequence variability. A standardized sequence nomenclature that includes relevant biological information would enable researchers to better utilize the growing body of sequence data, and enhance their ability to interpret the biological implications of their own data through facilitating comparisons with previously published work. C1 SANTA FE INST,SANTA FE,NM 87501. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,VACCINE DEV UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP KORBER, BTM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORY,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 8 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1355 EP 1358 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1355 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600005 PM 7888188 ER PT J AU GAO, F YUE, L CRAIG, S THORNTON, CL ROBERTSON, DL MCCUTCHAN, FE BRADAC, JA SHARP, PM HAHN, BH OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF GAO, F YUE, L CRAIG, S THORNTON, CL ROBERTSON, DL MCCUTCHAN, FE BRADAC, JA SHARP, PM HAHN, BH OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI GENETIC-VARIATION OF HIV TYPE-1 IN 4 WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION-SPONSORED VACCINE EVALUATION SITES - GENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL ENVELOPE (GLYCOPROTEIN-160) CLONES REPRESENTATIVE OF SEQUENCE SUBTYPE-A, SUBTYPE-B, SUBTYPE-C, AND SUBTYPE-E SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CD4 BINDING; NEUTRALIZATION; DIVERSITY; EPITOPES; REGION; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES AB As part of the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization, we PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced gp120 and gp160 genes from 12 HIV-1 isolates collected in four WHO-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites (Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda). Envelope clones were derived from PBMC-grown isolates obtained from asymptomatic individuals within 2 years of seroconversion. Analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences identified all but one to contain an uninterrupted open reading frame. Transient expression and biological characterization of selected gp160 constructs identified six clones to encode full length and functional envelope glycoproteins. Phylogenetic analysis of their nucleotide sequences revealed that they represent HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, and E. Since current knowledge of HIV-1 envelope immunobiology is almost exclusively derived from subtype B viruses, these reagents should facilitate future envelope structure, function and antigenicity studies on a broader spectrum of viruses. This should assist in the design and evaluation of effective vaccines against HIV-1. C1 UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MED, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MICROBIOL, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV NOTTINGHAM, QUEENS MED CTR, DEPT GENET, NOTTINGHAM NG7 2UH, ENGLAND. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NIAID, VACCINE RES & DEV BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. WHO, WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT, GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST, FRANKFURT, GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS, LONDON NW3 6RB, ENGLAND. NIAID, DIV AIDS, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. INST SALUD CARLOS 3, CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS, MADRID, SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. UNIV AMSTERDAM, HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MED, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. ST MARYS HOSP, SCH MED, LONDON, ENGLAND. NCI, VIRUS BIOL UNIT, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA. KAROLINSKA INST, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM USA. RI Sharp, Paul/F-5783-2010; Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Sharp, Paul/0000-0001-9771-543X; Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI25291, P30 AI27767] NR 50 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1359 EP 1368 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1359 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600006 PM 7888189 ER PT J AU PAU, CP KAI, M HOLLOMANCANDAL, DL LUO, CC KALISH, ML SCHOCHETMAN, G BYERS, B GEORGE, JR OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S KALISH, M GEORGE, R WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF PAU, CP KAI, M HOLLOMANCANDAL, DL LUO, CC KALISH, ML SCHOCHETMAN, G BYERS, B GEORGE, JR OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S KALISH, M GEORGE, R WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI ANTIGENIC VARIATION AND SEROTYPING OF HIV TYPE-1 FROM 4 WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION-SPONSORED HIV VACCINE SITES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID EPITOPES AB Serologic reactivities of serum or plasma from 55 HIV-1 subjects in four countries-Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda-were examined by V3 peptide immunoassay. Forty-seven (85.5%) of the 55 specimens tested positive to the homologous peptide. A strong correlation between serotype (i.e., pattern of serologic reactivity with a panel of peptides) and genotype was not found. However, the V3 peptide immunoassays may be useful for epidemiologic studies to trace the distinctive HIV-1 strains from different geographic regions of the world. The serology data obtained may be useful for the development of effective V3-based vaccines. C1 WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,FREDERICK,MD 21701. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP PAU, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 12 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1369 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600007 PM 7888190 ER PT J AU CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R LISTER, S CALLOW, D KALEEBU, P BEDDOWS, S WEBER, J OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R LISTER, S CALLOW, D KALEEBU, P BEDDOWS, S WEBER, J OSMANOV, S BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J GALVAOCASTRO, B VANDEPERRE, P KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M HOLMES, H NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP NARA, P FENYO, EM ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI SEROTYPING HIV TYPE-1 BY ANTIBODY-BINDING TO THE V3 LOOP - RELATIONSHIP TO VIRAL GENOTYPE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DOMAIN; GP120; ENVELOPE; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; CHIMPANZEES; EPITOPES AB We have investigated whether peptides representing the HIV-1 principal neutralization domain (V3) can be used as antigens in antibody-binding assays to predict the genotypes of the subjects' virus. Serum samples collected from HIV-1-infected subjects from the four WHO-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites (Uganda, Rwanda, Thailand, and Brazil) were characterized by antibody binding to a panel of synthetic V3 peptides that were derived from the consensus sequences of the V3 region of the HIV-1 subgroups according to the env phylogenetic analysis (A-E). An indirect V3 peptide-binding assay was used for primary screening, and a V3 peptide antigen-limiting ELISA was then used as a secondary assay to discriminate cross-reactivity if the screening assay was equivocal. In general, V3 peptide serology could predict HIV-1 genotypes. In sera for which the genotype of the virus was known, peptide assays could predict the correct genotype in approximately 90% of cases for genotypes A, B, C, and E; Ugandan sera of genotype D were more broadly reactive. There was considerable serological cross-reactivity between some HIV-1 genotypes, in particular between A and C, and, to a lesser extent, B and D subtypes. Owing to polymorphism at the crown of the V3 loop, an additional B peptide (B') was required to type Brazilian B genotype sera. These simple assays may help facilitate the determination and distribution of HIV-1 genotypes circulating in populations. C1 WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R (reprint author), ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT GENITOURINARY MED & COMMUNICABLE DIS,PRAED ST,LONDON W2 1NY,ENGLAND. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 29 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1379 EP 1386 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1379 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600008 PM 7888191 ER PT J AU DEWOLF, F HOGERVORST, E GOUDSMIT, J FENYO, EM RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H HOLMES, H GALVAOCASTRO, B KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, SDK BAAN, E ZORGDRAGER, F LUKASHOV, V OSMANOV, S KUIKEN, C CORNELISSEN, M BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J VANDEPERRE, P SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B AF DEWOLF, F HOGERVORST, E GOUDSMIT, J FENYO, EM RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H HOLMES, H GALVAOCASTRO, B KARITA, E WASI, C SEMPALA, SDK BAAN, E ZORGDRAGER, F LUKASHOV, V OSMANOV, S KUIKEN, C CORNELISSEN, M BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J VANDEPERRE, P SEMPALA, S TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B VONBRIESEN, H ESSER, R GREZ, M NEWBERRY, A RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P ALBERT, J MYERS, G KORBER, B TI SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING AND NON-SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING CAPACITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SUBTYPES OTHER THAN B - PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; T-CELL-LINE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; V3 LOOP; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE; MACROPHAGE TROPISM AB Positively charged amino acid substitutions at positions 11 and 25 within the loop of the third variable region (V3) of HIV-1 subtype B envelope have been shown to be associated with the syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype of the virus. The present study was designed to examine SI and NSI-associated V3 mutations in HIV-1 subtypes other than B. HIV-1 RNA was isolated from 53 virus stocks and 26 homologous plasma samples from 53 recently infected individuals from Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda. The C2-V3 region of the viral envelope was converted to cDNA, amplified, and sequenced. Of 53 primary virus stock samples 49 were biologically phenotyped through measurement of the syncytium-inducing capacity in MT-2 cells (to differentiate between SI and NSI phenotypes). In addition, after passage of primary isolates through PHA stimulated donor PBMC, the replication capacity was determined in U937-2, CEM, MT-2, and Jurkat-tat cell lines (to differentiate rapid/high and slow/low phenotypes). According to the sequence analysis 9 (17.0%) of the viruses belonged to subtype A, 15 (28.3%) to subtype B, 1 (1.9%) to subtype C, 13 (24.5%) to subtype D, and 15 (28.3%) to subtype E. Sequence analysis of virus RNA, obtained from 26 homologous plasma samples, confirmed the homogeneity of sequence populations in plasma compared to primary virus isolates. Of the 49 viruses tested 12 had the SI phenotype, 5 were confirmed to be rapid/high, and 4 appeared to be slow/low pattern 3 replicating. Of 49, 29 had the NSI phenotype, 24 were confirmed to be slow/low pattern 1 or 2, and 3 appeared to be slow/low pattern 3 replicating. Analysis of mutations at V3 loop amino acid positions 11 and 25 revealed that 10/12 (83.3%) of the SI viruses had SI-associated V3 mutations and that 28/29 (96.6%) of the NSI viruses lacked these mutations. V3 loop heterogeneity, length polymorphism, and a high number of positively charged amino acid substitutions were most frequently found among subtype D variants. These results indicate that both the phenotypic distinction between SI and NSI viruses and the association of biological phenotype with V3 mutations is present among HIV-1 subtypes other than B. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT MICROBIOL & TUMORBIOL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. BAYER AG,ZENTRUM PHARMAFORSCH,INST VIROL,W-5600 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST GEORG SPEYER HAUS,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. BRAZILIAN NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACTERIZAT,REFERENCE LAB,SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME,REFERENCE LAB,KIGALI,RWANDA. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DIV VIROL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. UGANDA VIRUS RES INST,ENTEBBE,UGANDA. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,VACCINE DEV UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIROL BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP DEWOLF, F (reprint author), UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,DEPT VIROL,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,K3-368,MEIBERGDREEF 15,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 82 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1387 EP 1400 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1387 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600009 PM 7888192 ER PT J AU RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H HOLMES, H BJORNDAL, A KORBER, B ESSER, R RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P GALVAOCASTRO, B KARITA, E SEMPALA, S WASI, C OSMANOV, S FENYO, EM BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J VANDEPERRE, P TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B GREZ, M NEWBERRY, A BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P ALBERT, J MYERS, G AF RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H HOLMES, H BJORNDAL, A KORBER, B ESSER, R RANJBAR, S TOMLINSON, P GALVAOCASTRO, B KARITA, E SEMPALA, S WASI, C OSMANOV, S FENYO, EM BELSEY, EM HEYWARD, W ESPARZA, J VANDEPERRE, P TUGUME, B BIRYAHWAHO, B GREZ, M NEWBERRY, A BRADAC, J MCCUTCHAN, F LOUWAGIE, J HEGERICH, P LOPEZGALINDEZ, C OLIVARES, I DOPAZO, J MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL BACHMANN, HM GOUDSMIT, J DEWOLF, F HAHN, BH GAO, F YUE, L SARAGOSTI, S SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, M LUO, CC GEORGE, R PAU, CP WEBER, J CHEINGSONGPOPOV, R KALEEBU, P NARA, P ALBERT, J MYERS, G TI STANDARD CONDITIONS OF VIRUS ISOLATION REVEAL BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF HIV TYPE-1 IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; REPLICATIVE CAPACITY; PROGRESSION; INDIVIDUALS; INFECTION; SEVERITY; DISEASE; DOMAIN; ASSAY AB HIV-1 isolates were obtained from four countries within the framework of the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. The use of standard HIV isolation procedures allowed us to compare the biological properties of 126 HIV-1 isolates spanning five genetic subtypes. In primary isolation cultures, viruses from Uganda and Brazil appeared early and replicated without delay, whereas the replication of Thai viruses was delayed by several weeks. Regardless of genetic subtype or country of origin, blood samples collected more than 2 years after seroconversion yielded virus that replicated efficiently in the primary isolation cultures. None of the isolates obtained from Thailand or Rwanda replicated in cell lines, whereas 5 of the 13 Brazilian isolates and 7 of the 11 Ugandan isolates replicated and induced syncytia in MT-2 cells. As expected for virus isolates obtained early in HIV-1 infection (within 2 years of seroconversion), all viruses from Brazil, Rwanda, and Thailand showed a slow/low replicative pattern. For the Ugandan samples, the time from seroconversion was known precisely for a few of the samples and only in one case was less than 2 years. This may explain why the five viruses that were able to replicate in all cell lines, and thus classified as rapid/high, were of Ugandan origin. Viruses able to induce syncytia in MT-2 cells, also induced syncytia in PBMC. However, 8 slow/low viruses (out of 27) gave discordant results, inducing syncytia in PBMC but not in MT-2 cells. Furthermore, using syncytium induction as a marker, changes in virus populations during early in vitro passage in PBMC could be observed. The results indicate that biological variation is a general property of HIV-1 in different regions of the world. Moreover, the time from HIV-1 infection, rather than genetic subtype, seems to be linked to viral phenotype. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,CTR MICROBIOL & TUMORBIOL,S-17177 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,HIV SEQUENCE DATABASE,LOS ALAMOS,NM. FIOCRUZ MS,SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. INST TROP MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. UGANDA VIRUS RES INST,ENTEBBE,UGANDA. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV VIROL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,WHO NETWORK HIV ISOLAT & CHARACT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN GENET MOLEC,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1401 EP 1408 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1401 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600010 PM 7888193 ER PT J AU KALISH, ML LUO, CC WENIGER, BG LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K YOUNG, N OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G AF KALISH, ML LUO, CC WENIGER, BG LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K YOUNG, N OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G TI EARLY HIV TYPE-1 STRAINS IN THAILAND WERE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CURRENT EPIDEMIC SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Note C1 HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP KALISH, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP D12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 8 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1573 EP 1575 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1573 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PV996 UT WOS:A1994PV99600031 PM 7888212 ER PT J AU KROGER, F AF KROGER, F TI TOWARD A HEALTHY PUBLIC - MODELS, MESSAGES, AND MEANING SO AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST LA English DT Article AB The leading causes of preventable disease, disability and premature death are primarily associated with lifestyle and behaviours. Future advances in health are likely to come from the social and behavioral sciences rather than from the biomedical, and health communication can play an integral role in shaping those advances. Three foundation pieces are suggested that health communicators can build on to strengthen our contributions to a healthier future: adopting rigorous and scientific standards of professionalism, establishing communication systems that include rather than exclude the traditionally underserved populations, and improving our own capacity and willingness to hear the wisdom and the wants of the populations we serve-the consumers. RP KROGER, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7642 J9 AM BEHAV SCI JI Am. Behav. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1177/0002764294038002004 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA PN374 UT WOS:A1994PN37400003 ER PT J AU BARTLEY, DL CHEN, CC SONG, RG FISCHBACH, TJ AF BARTLEY, DL CHEN, CC SONG, RG FISCHBACH, TJ TI RESPIRABLE AEROSOL SAMPLER PERFORMANCE TESTING SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DUST SAMPLERS; CYCLONES AB Performance tests for evaluating respirable aerosol sampling methods were developed. The tests entail measurement of the flow-dependent collection efficiency of the aerosol size-discriminating part of the sampler using an aerodynamic particle sizer. The bias relative to an international sampler standard adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, the International Standards Organization,and the Comite Ercropeen de Normalisation is mapped over aerosol size distributions of intended application. Imprecision from flow-effects, filter weighing errors, and intersampler variability is either measured or estimated Uncertainty in the evaluation experiment itself is explained. Samplers can be rejected if, at specified confidence in the evaluation testing, accuracy is lacking in too large a fraction of samples. Alternatively, the data permit specifying a value of the inaccuracy. Two commercially available personal samplers were subjected to the performance tests suggested. The result was the specification of the flowrates at which the samplers closely match the international definition. Furthermore, upper limits on die inaccuracy at which a sampler can be expected to operate were determined. The effect of the acceptance of such performance criteria rather than sampler design specification for compliance sampling would be to encourage the use of accurate samplers and, thus, the development of improved samplers. RP BARTLEY, DL (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. OI Chen, Chih-Chieh/0000-0002-9050-3749 NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1036 EP 1046 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PQ171 UT WOS:A1994PQ17100007 ER PT J AU PENDERGRASS, SM AF PENDERGRASS, SM TI AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHENOL AND O-CRESOL, M-CRESOL, AND P-CRESOL BY CAPILLARY-GC/FID SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An alternative method for the sampling and simultaneous analysis of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol, employing X4D-7 as a sorbent for the collection of each analyte, is described. Desorption was achieved with methanol followed by analysis of all samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The separation of all analytes was achieved on a Stabilwax-DA capillary column. Sample collection and preparation was improved over current methods used at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The results obtained when a Stabilwax-DA capillary column was used in the analysis, as compared to those obtained using a Stabilwax capillary column, indicated achievement of baseline separation of the analytes. Peak resolution and overall peak shape were enhanced by the use of the Stabilwax-DA column. Lower limits of detection were achieved for each analyte. Desorption efficiency and storage stability results (30 days) were acceptable. Sample stability in solution and on solid sorbent tubes was examined. The relative standard deviation of the analytical portion of the method was found to be 0.045. This method provides a simplified, concise, simultaneous analysis of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP PENDERGRASS, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1054 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<1051:AAMFTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PQ171 UT WOS:A1994PQ17100009 PM 7992796 ER PT J AU STEINDEL, SJ HOWANITZ, PJ AF STEINDEL, SJ HOWANITZ, PJ TI NATIONWIDE PERFORMANCE OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TURNAROUND TIME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; COLLEGE C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP STEINDEL, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 IS 5 BP 704 EP 704 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA PQ162 UT WOS:A1994PQ16200027 PM 7942640 ER PT J AU WALLER, K OSORIO, AM JONES, J AF WALLER, K OSORIO, AM JONES, J TI LEAD-EXPOSURE IN A TANK DEMOLITION CREW - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NEW OSHA CONSTRUCTION LEAD STANDARD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY; FLAME CUTTING; GENERAL INDUSTRY LEAD STANDARD; MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING ID PAINT REMOVAL; WORKERS; BRIDGE AB The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recently extended the basic health and safety provisions of the OSHA lead standard for general industry to workers in the construction industry. In this report we describe a tank demolition worksite that midway through the project strengthened its lead exposure control activities to a level that approximated the current lead standard. Of 12 tested ironworkers and laborers who worked at the site before the change, zinc protoporphyrin levels increased and seven developed blood lead levels (BLL) > 50 mug/dL. After the change these workers' BLLs declined. Six workers hired after the change did not experience increases in zinc protoporphyrin and none developed BLL > 25 mug/dL. The experience at this worksite demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of implementing the current lead standard in construction settings. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM DIS CONTROL,EMERYVILLE,CA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 693 EP 702 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700260511 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PL871 UT WOS:A1994PL87100010 PM 7832216 ER PT J AU LAWSON, HW FRYE, A ATRASH, HK SMITH, JC SHULMAN, HB RAMICK, M AF LAWSON, HW FRYE, A ATRASH, HK SMITH, JC SHULMAN, HB RAMICK, M TI ABORTION MORTALITY, UNITED-STATES, 1972 THROUGH 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABORTION; MORTALITY TRENDS; SURVEILLANCE; ABORTION COMPLICATIONS ID LEGAL-ABORTION; SURVEILLANCE AB OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe risk factors for legal abortion mortality and the characteristics of women who died of legal abortion complications for the period 1972 through 1987. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed abortion mortality surveillance data collected by the Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and calculated rates by various demographic and reproductive health variables using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's abortion surveillance data as denominators. Rates are reported as legal abortion deaths per 100,000 abortions. RESULTS: Between 1972 and 1987, 240 women died as a result of legal induced abortions. The case-fatality rate decreased 90% over time, from 4.1 deaths per 100,000 abortions in 1972 to 0.4 in 1987. Women greater than or equal to 40 years old had three times the risk of death as teenagers (relative risk 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 6.0), and black women and those of other minority laces had 2.5 times the risk of white women (relative risk 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 3.2). Abortions at greater than or equal to 16 weeks were associated with a risk of death almost 15 times the risk of death from procedures at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation. Women undergoing currettage procedures for abortion had a significantly lower risk of death than women undergoing other procedures. Whereas before 1977 infection and hemorrhage were the leading causes of death, during 1977 through 1982 anesthesia complications emerged as one of the leading causes of death and since 1983 have become the most frequent cause. CONCLUSIONS: Although legal induced abortion-related deaths are rare events, our findings suggest that more rigorous efforts are needed to increase the safety of anesthetic methods and anesthetic agents used for abortions and that efforts are still necessary to monitor serious complications of abortion aimed at further reducing risks of death associated with the procedure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 16 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1372 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PT265 UT WOS:A1994PT26500036 PM 7977548 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, JW AF MCKENNA, JW TI THE PROMISE OF ADVERTISING AND MEDIA ADVOCACY FOR TOBACCO CONTROL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCKENNA, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 6 BP 378 EP 379 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PY692 UT WOS:A1994PY69200011 PM 7880560 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR AF FRIEDEN, TR TI TUBERCULOSIS-CONTROL AND SOCIAL-CHANGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,125 WORTH ST,BOX 74,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1721 EP 1723 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1721 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800001 PM 7977904 ER PT J AU MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB MONK, JD AF MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB MONK, JD TI A PROPOSED METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL PUBLIC-HEALTH FUNCTIONS AND PRACTICES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. One of the objectives for the nation for the year 2000 requires that 90% of the population be served by a local health department effectively carrying out the core functions of public health. This study proposes a method whereby determinations can be made of the extent to which a local public health jurisdiction is served by core public health functions, as well as the extent to which the functions are rendered by the health department. Methods. Fourteen health departments under longitudinal study between 1979 and 1992 were studied. Respondents in each department completed a survey protocol using 81 indicators linked to standard public health functions and practices. Results are presented in graphic form, which provides a visual profile of public health performance for a local jurisdiction. Results. The graphic profiles successfully differentiate one jurisdiction from another, and within each jurisdiction they differentiate the performance levels of different public health practices. The method enables identification of the full range of public health providers. Conclusions. Current definitions of public health practice have utility for evaluating public health performance. The validity of the proposed method deserves further study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MILLER, CA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CAMPUS BOX 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1743 EP 1749 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1743 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800008 PM 7977911 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, MJ LU, XP ERICKSON, JD AF SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, MJ LU, XP ERICKSON, JD TI FIRST-TRIMESTER ANESTHESIA EXPOSURE AND THE RISK OF CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; SURGERY AB Objectives. Although up to 2% of women undergo surgery during pregnancy, teratogenic effects Of general anesthesia have not been adequately studied. Recently, an association between first-trimester Operations and Central nervous system defects has been described. This issue was explored in a population-based case-control study. Methods. Case patients included live-born and stillborn infants With central nervous system defects born to residents of metropolitan Atlanta, Ga,between 1968 and 1980. Control patients included normal babies frequency matched to case patients by race, birth hospital, and period of birth. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. Results. Of 694 mothers of infants with central-nervous system defects, 12 reported first-trimester anesthesia exposure; 34 of 2984 control mothers reported such exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8, 3.3). A striking association was observed between reported anesthesia exposure and hydrocephalus with another major defect (OR = 9.6, 95% CI = 3.8, 24.6). The strongest association was that of anesthesia exposure with hydrocephalus and eye defects (OR = 39.6, 95% CI = 7.5, 209.2). Conclusion: An increased risk of hydrocephalus With other defects was found among offspring of mothers with reported first-trimester anesthesia. Further studies are needed to explore the possible teratogenic effects of general anesthesia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1757 EP 1760 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1757 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800010 PM 7977913 ER PT J AU BEHRENS, V SELIGMAN, P CAMERON, L MATHIAS, CGT FINE, L AF BEHRENS, V SELIGMAN, P CAMERON, L MATHIAS, CGT FINE, L TI THE PREVALENCE OF BACK PAIN, HAND DISCOMFORT, AND DERMATITIS IN THE US WORKING POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WORKERS COMPENSATION CLAIMS; SURVEILLANCE AB Objectives. The purpose of the study was to provide the health care and public health communities with national prevalence estimates of selected conditions in the US working population. Methods. National prevalence estimates of self-reported conditions among working people were calculated from data collected for the 1988 Occupational Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Results. The highest prevalence estimates were found among occupational groups. For example. the prevalence of back pain due to an injury at work among truck drivers was 6.7%; back pain due to repeated activities at work among mechanics and repairers of heavy equipment and machinery was 10.5%; hand discomfort among operators of machines that process metal, plastic, stone, and glass was 23.5%; and dermatitis due to contact with substances at work among physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians was 5.6%. Conclusions. A substantial proportion of these conditions among occupational groups with the highest prevalence estimates are occupational in origin. These prevalence estimates identify occupations in which efforts are needed to prevent these conditions. C1 GRP HLTH ASSOC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP BEHRENS, V (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1780 EP 1785 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1780 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800014 PM 7977917 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF LEVY, A HEATON, A BYERS, T AF SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF LEVY, A HEATON, A BYERS, T TI WEIGHT CONTROL PRACTICES IN ADULTS - RESULTS OF A MULTISTATE TELEPHONE SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In this study, data collected in 1989 in a random-digit dialing telephone survey of 60 590 adults in 38 states and the District of Columbia were analyzed. Approximately 38% of women and 24% of men reported that they were currently trying to lose weight. Methods reported were counting calories (24% of women, 14% of men), participating in organized weight loss programs (10%, 3%), taking special supplements (10%, 7%), taking diet pills (4%, 2%), and fasting for 24 hours or longer (5%, 5%). Among both sexes, only half of those trying to lose weight reported using the recommended method of caloric restriction combined with physical activity. C1 US FDA,DIV CONSUMER STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1821 EP 1824 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1821 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800022 PM 7977925 ER PT J AU TANAKA, S WILD, DK SELIGMAN, PJ BEHRENS, V CAMERON, L PUTZANDERSON, V AF TANAKA, S WILD, DK SELIGMAN, PJ BEHRENS, V CAMERON, L PUTZANDERSON, V TI THE US PREVALENCE OF SELF-REPORTED CARPAL-TUNNEL-SYNDROME - 1988 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the US-Public-Health-Service-Professional-Association CY APR 25-28, 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP US PUBLIC HLTH SERV PROFESS ASSOC AB To estimate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among US adults, data from the Occupational Health Supplement of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Based on a sample of 44 233 households (response rate, 91.5%), an estimated 1.55% (2.65 million) of 170 million adults self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome in 1988. Females and Whites had a higher prevalence of self-reporting carpal tunnel syndrome than males and non-Whites, respectively. Among 127 million adults who worked during the 12 months before the survey, 0.53% (0.68 million) reported that their ''prolonged'' hand discomfort was called carpal tunnel syndrome by a health care provider. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP TANAKA, S (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,MAIL STOP R-21,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1846 EP 1848 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.11.1846 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PR448 UT WOS:A1994PR44800030 PM 7977933 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW MACHESO, A KAZEMBE, P CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ AF SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW MACHESO, A KAZEMBE, P CHITSULO, L WIRIMA, JJ TI THE EFFICACY OF ANTIMALARIAL REGIMENS CONTAINING SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE AND/OR CHLOROQUINE IN PREVENTING PERIPHERAL AND PLACENTAL PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT-WOMEN IN MALAWI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; WEST-AFRICA; MALARIA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; DISTRICT; NEWBORN; INFANT; INVIVO; KENYA AB To define an effective and deliverable antimalarial regimen for use during pregnancy, pregnant women at highest risk of malaria (those in their first or second preg nancy) in an area of Malawi with high transmission of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum were placed on CQ and/or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Of 38 pregnant women who received CQ treatment followed by weekly CQ prophylaxis (CQ/CQ) for at least 45 days prior to delivery, 32% had placental malaria infection, compared with 26% of 50 pregnant women who received a treatment dose of SP followed by weekly CQ prophylaxis (SP/CQ), and only 9% of 71 pregnant women who received a two-dose SP regimen (SP/SP; given once during the second trimester and repeated at the beginning of the third trimester) (P = 0.006, by chi-square test). During the peak transmission season from April to July, 47% of the women who received CQ/CQ had placental malaria infection at delivery, as compared with 37% of the women who received SP/CQ, and 10% of women who received SP/SP (P = 0.004, by chi-square test). Among women in their first or second pregnancy, two treatment doses of SP were highly effective in decreasing the proportion of women with placental malaria infection at delivery. C1 UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP SCHULTZ, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PW466 UT WOS:A1994PW46600001 PM 7985742 ER PT J AU MILLS, JN ELLIS, BA CHILDS, JE MCKEE, KT MAIZTEGUI, JI PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG JAHRLING, PB AF MILLS, JN ELLIS, BA CHILDS, JE MCKEE, KT MAIZTEGUI, JI PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG JAHRLING, PB TI PREVALENCE OF INFECTION WITH JUNIN VIRUS IN RODENT POPULATIONS IN THE EPIDEMIC AREA OF ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CALOMYS-MUSCULINUS; RESERVOIR AB We report the results of indirect fluorescent antibody screening for antibody to Junin virus in 1,101 sera from small mammals captured on two mark-recapture grids in the epidemic area of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Twenty-six of 29 seropositive animals were the cricetid rodent Calomys musculinus, for a 30-month prevalence of 7.9% in that species. Combining these data with previously published data on antigen detection provided an estimated total prevalence of infection of 10.9% for this, the principal reservoir species. Other infected species included two cricetids, C. laucha and Bolomys obscurus, and a predatory carnivore, Galictis cuja. Approximately half of infected animals simultaneously carried serum antibody and antigen in blood and saliva, some for 29-61 days. Except for C. laucha, which was associated with crop habitats, seropositive animals were strongly associated with the relatively rare roadside and fence-line habitats. Seropositive C. musculinus were predominantly males in the oldest age and heaviest body mass classes, and seropositive males were twice as likely to have body scars as seronegative males. These observations suggest that most infections were acquired through horizontal transmission and that aggressive encounters among adult, male C. musculinus in relatively densely populated roadside and fence-line habitats are an important mechanism of transmission of Junin virus within reservoir populations. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. INST NACL ENFERMEDADES VIRALES HUMANAS,RA-2700 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP MILLS, JN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,MS-G13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 15 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 554 EP 562 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PW466 UT WOS:A1994PW46600006 PM 7985747 ER PT J AU HIRA, PR MADDA, JP ALSHAMALI, MA EBERHARD, ML AF HIRA, PR MADDA, JP ALSHAMALI, MA EBERHARD, ML TI DIROFILARIASIS IN KUWAIT - FIRST REPORT OF HUMAN INFECTION DUE TO DIROFILARIA REPENS IN THE ARABIAN GULF SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Zoonotic dirofilariasis has been reported sporadically from many areas of the world but thus far, there are no such reports from the Arabian Peninsula, We present the first report of human dirofilariasis from this region in the Middle East and discuss the significance of the finding. A fixed, elongated mass in the abdominal wall of a 50-year-old Kuwaiti man was excised and a worm was identified in an abscess in tissue sections. The location of the nodule in subcutaneous tissue, the diameter of the worm in section, the multilayered cuticle with fine longitudinal ridges on the external layer, prominent internal cuticular ridges, and abundant somatic muscles suggested the diagnosis of the worm as Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens, a natural parasite of dogs and cats in Asia, Africa, and Europe. C1 AMIRI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,KUWAIT,KUWAIT. AMIRI HOSP,DEPT SURG,KUWAIT,KUWAIT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HIRA, PR (reprint author), KUWAIT UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,POB 24923,SAFAT 13110,KUWAIT. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 590 EP 592 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PW466 UT WOS:A1994PW46600011 PM 7985751 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR KNAPP, JS IDAJADI, A LINNAN, M BARAKBAH, Y KAMBOJI, A OHANLEY, P MORAN, JS AF JOESOEF, MR KNAPP, JS IDAJADI, A LINNAN, M BARAKBAH, Y KAMBOJI, A OHANLEY, P MORAN, JS TI ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SPECTINOMYCIN; THIAMPHENICOL; RESISTANCE; PENICILLIN; THAILAND AB Until recently, the only common strains of antimicrobial agent-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae detected in Indonesia were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. Despite the spread of resistance to other antimicrobial agents among N. gonorrhoeae in Southeast Asia, surveillance for such resistance in Indonesia has been limited. we evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of 86 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia, to 13 antimicrobial agents. Of the 86 isolates, 89% were resistant to penicillin (MIC, greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g/ml), 98% were resistant to tetracycline (MIC, greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g/ml), 18.1% were resistant to spectinomycin (MIC, greater than or equal to 128.0 mu g/ml), and 97.7% showed decreased susceptibility to thiamphenicol (MIC, 1 to 2 mu g/ml). Thus, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin may be approaching the end of their usefulness as the drugs of choice for the treatment of gonococcal infections in Surabaya. While the susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae to cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefixime, and cefoxitin) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) are universal, these drugs have not been used because they are more expensive in Indonesia than thiamphenicol. We conclude that Surabaya had the highest reported rate of penicillin and tetracycline resistance among the Southeast Asian countries and that cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones should be reasonable alternatives for the treatment of gonorrhea in this locale. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV AIRLANGGA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,SURABAYA,INDONESIA. UNIV AIRLANGGA,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOVENEREOL,SURABAYA,INDONESIA. USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. RP JOESOEF, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2530 EP 2533 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PP222 UT WOS:A1994PP22200003 PM 7872742 ER PT J AU SCAGLIA, M SACCHI, L GATTI, S BERNUZZI, AM POLVER, PD PIACENTINI, I CONCIA, E CROPPO, GP DASILVA, AJ PIENIAZEK, NJ SLEMENDA, SB WALLACE, S LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS AF SCAGLIA, M SACCHI, L GATTI, S BERNUZZI, AM POLVER, PD PIACENTINI, I CONCIA, E CROPPO, GP DASILVA, AJ PIENIAZEK, NJ SLEMENDA, SB WALLACE, S LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM FROM AN ITALIAN AIDS PATIENT WITH DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM; MICROSPORIDIOSIS ID FINE-STRUCTURE; N-SP; CUNICULI; CULTURE AB Microsporidia are primitive mitochondria-lacking spore-forming eukaryotic protozoa that infect a wide variety of animals and also humans. Of the five genera (Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Septata, Nosema and Pleistophora) that cause infections in humans, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis, and Encephalitozoon hellem are being increasingly identified in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). E. bieneusi causes gastrointestinal disease, S. intestinalis causes gastrointestinal and disseminated disease, and E. hellem causes ocular as well as disseminated disease. We have established in continuous culture a strain of microsporidia isolated from the urine and throat washings of an Italian AIDS patient and identified it as Encephalitozoon hellem, based on its ultrastructural morphology, antigenic pattern, and polymerase chain reaction-amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA. We believe that this is the first time that a strain of microsporidia has been isolated from the throat washings of a patient with microsporidiosis. C1 UNIV PAVIA,DEPT ANIM BIOL,PAVIA,ITALY. BORGO TRENTO CITY HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,VERONA,ITALY. UNIV VERONA,BORGO TRENTO HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,VERONA,ITALY. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCAGLIA, M (reprint author), UNIV PAVIA,IRCCS SAN MATTEO,INST INFECT DIS,CLIN PARASITOL LAB,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 IS 11 BP 817 EP 827 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA QD729 UT WOS:A1994QD72900003 PM 7833001 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, JM FLORES, GJ ALLEN, CR HUANG, PP SIMPSON, DM AF GOMEZ, JM FLORES, GJ ALLEN, CR HUANG, PP SIMPSON, DM TI MINORS ACCESS TO CIGARETTE VENDING MACHINES - TEXAS SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR CHRON DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,AUSTIN,TX 78756. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOMEZ, JM (reprint author), ARLINGTON POLICE DEPT,ARLINGTON,TX, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 130 IS 11 BP 1361 EP 1362 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA PQ610 UT WOS:A1994PQ61000001 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW PRATT, M WARREN, CW KANN, L AF HEATH, GW PRATT, M WARREN, CW KANN, L TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN AMERICAN HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - RESULTS FROM THE 1990 YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE; OBESITY; FITNESS; HEALTH AB Objective: To assess by self-reported participation in vigorous physical activity, the quantity and quality of school physical education, team sports, and television watching among 11631 American high school students. Results: Of all students in grades 9 through 12, 37% reported engaging in 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity three or more times per week. Participation in vigorous physical activity was higher among boys than girls (P<.01) and higher among white students than among those of other races and ethnic groups (P<.01). Overall, 43.7% of boys and 52% of girls reported that they were not enrolled in physical education classes. Of the students who reported attending physical education class during the past 2 weeks, 33.2% reported exercising 20 minutes or more in physical education class three to five times per week. In contrast, rates of participation in varsity and junior varsity sports remained constant across grade levels, but participation in recreational physical activity programs showed a lesser magnitude and also decreased with advancing grade. More than 70% of students reported spending at least 1 hour watching television each school day, and more than 35% reported watching television 3 hours or more each school day. Conclusions: Participation in vigorous physical activity and physical education class time devoted to physical activity are substantially below the goals set in Healthy People 2000. As students move toward graduation, we observed disturbing declines in participation in community recreation programs and overall vigorous activity. Students appear to spend considerably more time watching television than participating in physical activity. Public health efforts should focus on increasing the physical activity levels of our youth to enhance their current well-being and to reduce the risks of future chronic disease. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 148 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1136 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PQ621 UT WOS:A1994PQ62100002 PM 7921112 ER PT J AU HOSOYA, K KIMATA, K TANAKA, N PATTERSON, DG AF HOSOYA, K KIMATA, K TANAKA, N PATTERSON, DG TI CONCENTRATION AND CONTINUOUS PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF DIOXINS USING AN IMMOBILIZED HYDROPHOBIC MONOLAYER SO BUNSEKI KAGAKU LA Japanese DT Article DE CONCENTRATION AND PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF DIOXINS; IMMOBILIZED HYDROPHOBIC MONOLAYER; REVERSED-PHASE LC; C-18 STATIONARY PHASE ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; QUANTUM YIELDS; P-DIOXIN; PHOTOTRANSFORMATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DEGRADATION; PHOTOLYSIS; PRODUCTS; FURANS AB We used a hydrophobic solid support, octadecylsilylated silica gel C-18, packed in a quartz column as the reaction medium for the photolysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,and-TCDD) and 1,2,3,4-TCDD. When we exposed the column to a 450 W UV lamp, the adsorbed 1,2,3,4-TCDD or 2,3,7,8-TCDD in 10% 2-propanol/water decomposed completely in 20 min and 5 min, respectively. The large estimated partition coefficient of 1,2,3,4-TCDD in 10% 8-propanol/water (>1000) indicates that on the C-18 stationary phase, both the saturated hydrocarbon chains and the adsorbed 2-propanol may act as proton donors and accelerate the photolysis. In direct sunlight, the adsorbed 1,2,3,4-TCDD in 10% 2-propanol/water decomposed much faster than in a nonaqueous solvent (50% 2-propanol/methanol). This solvent effect is advantageous for the practical application of the C-18 photolysis process in aqueous waste treatment. We have demonstrated that complete C-18 trapping with continuous photodecomposition of TCDD contained in an aqueous alcohol waste is possible. C1 NACALAI TESQUE,MUKO,KYOTO 617,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENVIRONM HLTH SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HOSOYA, K (reprint author), KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEM PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO 141, JAPAN SN 0525-1931 J9 BUNSEKI KAGAKU JI Bunseki Kagaku PD NOV PY 1994 VL 43 IS 11 BP 977 EP 984 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PX211 UT WOS:A1994PX21100024 ER PT J AU WENZL, TB AF WENZL, TB TI CANCER IN SWEDISH RAILWAY WORKERS SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Note RP WENZL, TB (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD NOV PY 1994 VL 5 IS 6 BP 581 EP 581 DI 10.1007/BF01831388 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PU328 UT WOS:A1994PU32800013 PM 7827247 ER PT J AU BROUQUI, P LECAM, C OLSON, J RAOULT, D AF BROUQUI, P LECAM, C OLSON, J RAOULT, D TI SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS BY IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TISSUE; CANIS; CHAFFEENSIS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; RICKETTSIA; SENNETSU; RISTICII; ANTIBODY AB Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular bacterium probably transmitted by the tick Amblyomma americanum in the United States. Despite its lack of specificity in discriminating among infections by closely related Ehrlichia spp., immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the most frequently used serological diagnostic method. To improve the specificity of the serological diagnosis, we compared antigenic profile of E. canis and E. chaffeensis antigen with homologous and heterologous sera, searching for the specificity of the presence of low-molecular-weight proteins. Western immunoblot analysis of IFA-positive human sera revealed 27- and 29-kDa proteins which are not found in E. canis IFA-positive sera from dogs. IFA-positive sera from dogs revealed a low-molecular-weight group of proteins (20 to 28 kDa) which were not found in human E. chaffeensis-positive sera except for a weak band at 22 kDa. The presence of antibodies directed against the 27- and 29-kDa proteins on Western blots is specific for E. chaffeensis infection, and we suggest that the Western blot might complete IFA in cases with low positive predictive value. C1 CDC ATLANTA,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROUQUI, P (reprint author), FAC MED MARSEILLE,UNITE RICKETTSIES,27 BLVD J MOULIN,F-13385 MARSEILLE 5,FRANCE. RI Brouqui, Philippe/P-5771-2016 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 1 IS 6 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PV209 UT WOS:A1994PV20900006 PM 8556515 ER PT J AU MALONE, JL PAPARELLO, SF MALONE, JD HILL, HE CONRAD, KA MYERS, JW LILLIBRIDGE, SR WEISS, PJ AF MALONE, JL PAPARELLO, SF MALONE, JD HILL, HE CONRAD, KA MYERS, JW LILLIBRIDGE, SR WEISS, PJ TI DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM RECENT HAITIAN MIGRANTS - CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL-RESPONSE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE AB Between November 1991 and June 1993, similar to 11,000 Haitian migrants were screened for active tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Cultures of specimens from 37 of these patients yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis; eight (22%) of these isolates were resistant to standard medications, including isoniazid (22%), rifampin (0), ethambutol (3%), and streptomycin (3%). Two isolates (5.4%) were resistant to two drugs simultaneously. All but one of 340 patients who were treated for presumptive active tuberculosis and who were followed up for about 1 month had a favorable initial clinical response to a standard four-drug regimen. Among 259 HIV-1-infected patients who had normal findings on screening chest radiographs and who received prophylaxis with isoniazid, there were 1.8 incident cases of active tuberculosis per 100 person-years; this rate was 76% lower than that (reported by others) among HIV-1-infected Haitian patients who were not treated with isoniazid. No serious toxic effects due to standard four-drug regimens or to prophylaxis with isoniazid were observed. These data suggest that standard empirical therapeutic interventions for tuberculosis are adequate and well tolerated in Haitian migrants. C1 USN HOSP, DIV INFECT DIS, OAKLAND, CA USA. USN HOSP, DIV INFECT DIS, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. USN HOSP, DIV FAMILY PRACTICE, JACKSONVILLE, FL USA. USN HOSP, DIV INFECT DIS, PORTSMOUTH, VA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP MALONE, JL (reprint author), NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DIV INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 19 IS 5 BP 938 EP 940 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT713 UT WOS:A1994PT71300021 PM 7893883 ER PT J AU DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME AF DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME TI EMPIRICAL BAYES METHODS FOR STABILIZING INCIDENCE RATES BEFORE MAPPING SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE MAPPING; GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SMOOTHING; MORTALITY RATES; SPATIAL DATA AB The epidemiologic utility of mapping and ranking incidence rates is often questioned owing to instability of the observed incidence values in areas with small populations. Spurious fluctuations in the observed rates caused by this instability can mask true spatial and temporal trends in risk. To produce maps with the required level of geographic resolution yet based on reliable estimates, it is desirable to reduce the random variation in the observed rates before mapping. In this paper, we describe the empirical Bayes approach for obtaining stabilized incidence estimates. We begin by deriving Bayes rate estimators and then illustrate how using the observed rates to estimate unknown distributional information leads to the empirical Bayes formulation. A drawback of the approach is that the histogram of the empirical Bayes rate estimates may be narrower than the true distribution of risk. We outline a constrained empirical Bayes approach that produces improved estimators for the true distribution of the unknown rates. We include discussions of relevant previous applications of empirical Bayes methods to rate mapping problems and an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. RP DEVINE, OJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,RADIAT STUDIES BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29-AI31057] NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 5 IS 6 BP 622 EP 630 DI 10.1097/00001648-199411000-00010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PP468 UT WOS:A1994PP46800010 PM 7841244 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ PETERSON, DE AF SACKS, JJ PETERSON, DE TI IMPROVING CONFERENCE ABSTRACT SELECTION SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL K63,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 5 IS 6 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.1097/00001648-199411000-00012 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PP468 UT WOS:A1994PP46800012 PM 7841246 ER PT J AU SHINNICK, TM GOOD, RC AF SHINNICK, TM GOOD, RC TI MYCOBACTERIAL TAXONOMY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SLOWLY-GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; INTERNATIONAL-WORKING-GROUP; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; SP-NOV; GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM; NONPHOTOCHROMOGENIC MYCOBACTERIUM; BACTERIAL SYSTEMATICS; NUMERICAL TAXONOMY; UNITED-STATES; DISEASES AB The minimal standards for including a species in the genus Mycobacterium are i) acid-alcohol fastness, ii) the presence of mycolic acids containing 60-90 carbon atoms which are cleaved to C22 to C26 fatty acid methyl esters by pyrolysis, and iii) a guanine + cytosine content of the DNA of 61 to 71 mol %. Currently, there are 71 recognized or proposed species of Mycobacterium which can be divided into two main groups based on growth rate. The slowly growing species require > 7 days to form visible colonies on solid media while the rapidly growing species require < 7 days. Slowly growing species are often pathogenic for humans or animals while rapidly growing species are usually considered nonpathogenic for humans, although important exceptions exist. The taxonomic and diagnostic characteristics of medically important species and of newly described species of the Mycobacterium genus are reviewed. RP SHINNICK, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP G35,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 71 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 10 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 11 BP 884 EP 901 DI 10.1007/BF02111489 PG 18 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PX368 UT WOS:A1994PX36800002 PM 7698114 ER PT J AU BENNETT, T BRAVEMAN, P EGERTER, S KIELY, JL AF BENNETT, T BRAVEMAN, P EGERTER, S KIELY, JL TI MATERNAL MARITAL-STATUS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR INFANT-MORTALITY SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; CARE AB The increased risk of infant mortality associated with single motherhood is neither consistent among social and demographic subgroups nor inevitable, according to data from national linked birth and infant death files for 1983-1985. Maternal age is the only variable found to have a significant interaction with marital status among black mothers, and the risk associated with unmarried status increases with age. Among white mothers, age, educational level and receipt of prenatal care all show significant interactions with marital status; the increased risks of infant mortality attributed to unmarried motherhood are concentrated among subgroups usually thought to be at lower risk. For example, the risks of infant mortality among unmarried white women relative to married white women are highest among 25-29-year-olds. However, being unmarried did not affect the risk of infant mortality among babies born to college-educated white women. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP BENNETT, T (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 6 BP 252 EP & DI 10.2307/2135890 PG 0 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA QF715 UT WOS:A1994QF71500011 PM 7867772 ER PT J AU BAYER, R GOSTIN, LO MCGRAW, DC AF BAYER, R GOSTIN, LO MCGRAW, DC TI PRIVATE CHOICES AND PUBLIC-HEALTH - THE AIDS EPIDEMIC IN AN ECONOMIC-PERSPECTIVE - PHILIPSON,TJ, POSNER,RA SO GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; FUTURE-TRENDS; DETERMINANTS; PROJECTIONS; PREVENTION; POLICY; FARR C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ADVOCACY COMM PREVENT HIV INFECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGETOWN UNIV,CTR LAW,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP BAYER, R (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 600 NEW JERSEY AVE N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 SN 0016-8092 J9 GEORGETOWN LAW J JI GeorgeT. Law J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1 BP 79 EP 107 PG 29 WC Law SC Government & Law GA QN350 UT WOS:A1994QN35000006 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, TC KOULOS, J SCHNOLL, F SWANBECK, J ELLERBROCK, TV CHIASSON, MA RICHART, RM AF WRIGHT, TC KOULOS, J SCHNOLL, F SWANBECK, J ELLERBROCK, TV CHIASSON, MA RICHART, RM TI CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN WOMEN INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - OUTCOME AFTER LOOP ELECTROSURGICAL EXCISION SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC GYNECOL ONCOLOGISTS ID PAPILLOMAVIRUS; ABNORMALITIES; DYSPLASIA; DIAGNOSIS; DIATHERMY AB Our clinical experience with loop electrosurgical excision as therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus is described. Information for this analysis was obtained from a retrospective chart review of all women with biopsy-confirmed CIN treated by loop electrosurgical excision who attended our colposcopy clinic during January 1991 to September 1992. Outcomes in women known to be HIV-seropositive were compared to those in women of unknown HIV serostatus. Patients included in the analysis were followed for at least 6 months or until the documentation of recurrent/persistent: CIN, and all had at least one post-treatment colposcopic examination, including endocervical curettage and cervical biopsy of any acetowhite lesions. Recurrent/persistent CIN following loop excision was documented in 56% (19 of 34) HIV-infected women compared with 13% (10 of 80) women of unknown serostatus (OR 8.9, P < 0.001). HIV-infected women had a significantly higher rate of recurrent/persistent CIN than women of unknown serostatus, regardless of grade of CIN. In HIV-infected women, recurrent/persistent CIN following loop excision developed in 20% (1 of 5) with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts >500 cells/mu l compared td 61% (11 of 18) with CD4+ counts less than or equal to 500 cells/mu l (P = 0.13). Loop electrosurgical excision has a high failure rate in HIV-infected women, and this failure rate may increase as the level of immunosuppression increases. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP WRIGHT, TC (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,ROOM 16-402,630 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU 206822] NR 20 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1006/gyno.1994.1286 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PU547 UT WOS:A1994PU54700017 PM 7959293 ER PT J AU OELSCHLAEGER, TA BARRETT, TJ KOPECKO, DJ AF OELSCHLAEGER, TA BARRETT, TJ KOPECKO, DJ TI SOME STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES OF HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS INVOLVED IN UPTAKE OF ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 STRAINS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; 60-MEGADALTON PLASMID; CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; INVASIN PROTEIN; AMINES INHIBIT; O157-H7; RECEPTORS; INFECTION AB Several enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of serotype O157:H7 isolated from patients with hemorrhagic colitis, ischemic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome were all found to be able to invade certain human epithelial cell lines in vitro. Their ability to gain entry into epithelial cells was compared with those of known invasive Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi strains and the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101 in invasion assays utilizing gentamicin to kill extracellular bacteria. All EHEC strains under investigation were efficiently internalized into T24 bladder and HCT-8 ileocecal cells. In striking contrast to shigellae, the same EHEC strains were not taken up into human embryonic intestinal INT407 cells or HEp-2 cells any more than the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101. The mechanism(s) of EHEC internalization was characterized by comparing the invasion efficiencies in the absence and presence of a variety of inhibitors acting on structures and processes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Also, wild-type, plasmid-containing EHEC strains were compared with their plasmid-cured isogenic derivative strains to determine if plasmid genes affect invasion ability. Plasmid-cured EHEC invaded as well as wild-type EHEC, indicating that invasion ability is chromosomally encoded. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by simultaneous addition of bacteria and chloramphenicol to the monolayer blocked EHEC uptake dramatically, suggesting the presence of an invasion protein(s) with a short half-life. Studies utilizing inhibitors which act on eukaryotic cells demonstrated a strong dependence on microfilaments in the process of uptake of all EHEC strains into both T24 and HCT-8 cells. In general, depolymerization of microtubules as well as inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis reduced the efficiency of EHEC invasion of T24 cells, whereas interference with endosome acidification reduced EHEC entry into only HCT-S cells. Taxol-induced stabilization of microtubules did not inhibit internalization into T24 cells or into the HCT-8 cell line. In marked contrast, the ability of S. typhi Ty2 to invade either cell line was inhibited only by depolymerization of microfilaments. In addition to the cell line specificity of EHEC invasion, not all EHEC strains displayed uniform behavior in the presence of inhibitors, suggesting the existence of variant uptake pathways in different strains. Most importantly, previous reports of the inability of EHEC to invade INT407 or HEp-2 cell lines support the currently held belief that EHEC strains are noninvasive. However, our findings demonstrate for the first time the ability of EHEC to invade selected human epithelial cell lines, a process that may be important in EHEC pathogenesis, and define some potential requirements for the invasion mechanism(s). C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DEPT BACTERIAL DIS, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DEPT FOODBORNE & ENTER DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Oelschlaeger, Tobias/B-5624-2015 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 62 IS 11 BP 5142 EP 5150 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PN304 UT WOS:A1994PN30400061 PM 7523304 ER PT J AU PRAH, JD GOLDSTEIN, GM DEVLIN, R OTTO, D ASHLEY, D HOUSE, D COHEN, KL GERRITY, T AF PRAH, JD GOLDSTEIN, GM DEVLIN, R OTTO, D ASHLEY, D HOUSE, D COHEN, KL GERRITY, T TI SENSORY, SYMPTOMATIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND OCULAR RESPONSES TO AND THE METABOLISM OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER IN A CONTROLLED HUMAN EXPOSURE EXPERIMENT SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Clean Air Act of 1990 mandates that those areas of the country that do not attain the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standard for CO must add oxygenates (2.7% by weight) to auto fuels (oxyfuels). In the fall of 1992, the addition of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to automotive fuels coincided with complaints of illness in some parts of the country. In Alaska, the reported symptoms included headache, nasal, throat, or ocular irritation, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, and sensations of ''spaciness'' or disorientation. We conducted a chamber exposure experiment to determine if exposure to pure MTBE would elicit similar responses to those reported to be related to MTBE exposure. Nineteen male and 18 female subjects were exposed in a repeated-measures design to clean air (CA) and 1.39 ppm (5.0 mg/m(3)) MTBE for 1 h. This level was selected to approximate a typical exposure experienced during refueling. Exposures were separated by at least 1 wk. Symptom questionnaires were completed before and during exposure. Cognitive testing was completed once during exposure. Objective measures of ocular and nasal irritation were obtained pre- and postexposure. Four questions relevant to the reported symptoms, relating to air quality, odor strength, headache, and nasal irritation, were considered confirmatory hypotheses. All other measures were exploratory. The only significant confirmatory result was a difference in rating of CA quality by the female subjects as better than during the MTBE exposure. No other measures, objective or cognitive, approached significance. These results indicate that in young, healthy subjects a 1-h exposure to 1.39 ppm MTBE does not increase symptom reporting or result in increases in objective biomarkers of inflammation. Two subjects also participated in a study of the pharmacokinetics of MTBE in which blood samples were obtained before, during, and at various time points up to 7 h postexposure. MTBE in blood rose rapidly and was metabolized to tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), which gradually increased in the blood and maintained an elevated level for the duration of the sampling. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP PRAH, JD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MED BLDG C,CB 7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 6 BP 521 EP 538 DI 10.3109/08958379409003038 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QA455 UT WOS:A1994QA45500001 ER PT J AU FILIPE, AR ALVES, MJ KARABATSOS, N DEMATOS, APA NUNCIO, MS BACELLAR, F AF FILIPE, AR ALVES, MJ KARABATSOS, N DEMATOS, APA NUNCIO, MS BACELLAR, F TI PALMA VIRUS, A NEW BUNYAVIRIDAE ISOLATED FROM TICKS IN PORTUGAL SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE TICK-BORNE VIRUS; BHANJA GROUP; HAEMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA ID THOGOTO; DHORI AB An agent pathogenic for laboratory albino Swiss mice was isolated from a pool of Haemaphysalis punctata ticks collected from cattle on a farm located in Alcacer do Sal county, southern Portugal. The isolated virus was shown to be distinct from but serologically related to virus members of the Bhanja antigenic group. This new virus in the family Bunyaviridae was named Palma for the farm where ticks have been collected for several studies. C1 ESCOLA NACL SAUDE PUBLICA,LISBON,PORTUGAL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. HOSP CURRY CABRAL,SERV ANAT PATOL,SECTOR MICROSCOPIA ELECTR,LISBON,PORTUGAL. RP FILIPE, AR (reprint author), INST NACL SAUDE,CTR ESTUDOS VECTORES & DOENCAS INFECC,P-2965 AGUAS DE MOURA,PORTUGAL. RI Matos, Antonio/A-4539-2013; OI Matos, Antonio/0000-0001-9386-0349; Alves, Maria Joao/0000-0003-0065-9000; Nuncio, Maria Sofia/0000-0001-5182-6150 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA RP991 UT WOS:A1994RP99100006 PM 8586533 ER PT J AU MCQUILLAN, GM KHARE, M EZZATIRICE, TM KARON, JM SCHABLE, CA MURPHY, RS AF MCQUILLAN, GM KHARE, M EZZATIRICE, TM KARON, JM SCHABLE, CA MURPHY, RS TI THE SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN THE UNITED-STATES HOUSEHOLD POPULATION - NHANES-III, 1988-1991 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NATIONAL SURVEY; HIV ANTIBODY; SEROPREVALENCE AB To provide an estimate of the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a representative sample of the U.S. household population, serum samples from participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were tested for HIV antibody. The testing was performed anonymously on 5,430 individuals 18-59 years old from phase 1 of NHANES III conducted from 1988 to 1991. Twenty-nine individuals were HIV positive. The total weighted prevalence was 0.39%. The population estimate of infected individuals was 547,000, with a 95% confidence interval of 299,000-1,020,000 infected persons. Black participants were four times more likely to be HIV positive than white/other individuals and three times more likely than Mexican Americans, Men were three times more likely to be infected than women. Higher nonresponse to the survey and to phlebotomy was observed in young white men; therefore these data provide a conservative estimate of HIV infection in the general household population. This estimate does not include individuals who do not live in households and who may be at higher risk of infection, such as persons in penal institutions, the homeless, or certain hospitalized patients. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF RES & METHODOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MCQUILLAN, GM (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,ROOM 1000,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1195 EP 1201 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PM299 UT WOS:A1994PM29900010 PM 7932086 ER PT J AU LEUNG, PSC CHU, KH CHOW, WK ANSARI, A BANDEA, CI KWAN, HS NAGY, SM GERSHWIN, ME AF LEUNG, PSC CHU, KH CHOW, WK ANSARI, A BANDEA, CI KWAN, HS NAGY, SM GERSHWIN, ME TI CLONING, EXPRESSION, AND PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF METAPENAEUS-ENSIS TROPOMYOSIN, THE MAJOR HEAT-STABLE SHRIMP ALLERGEN SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SHRIMP ALLERGY; METAPENAEUS ENSIS; IGE REACTIVITY; CDNA CLONE; TROPOMYOSIN; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; EPITOPE ID MUSCLE ALPHA-TROPOMYOSIN; RYE-GRASS POLLEN; SENSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CROSS-REACTIVITY; VENOM ALLERGEN; AMINO TERMINUS; IGE ANTIBODIES; MITE ALLERGEN AB Shrimp is a common cause of seafood hypersensitivity. To study the mechanism of seafood hypersensitivity at the molecular level, we have determined the primary structure of the major heat-stable allergen of shrimp by cloning, expression, nucleotide sequencing, and amino acid sequence determination of an IgE-reactive cDNA clone, Met e I, isolated from a Metapenaeus ensis expression library in lambda gt 11. We first constructed a cDNA library from the shrimp M. ensis in lambda gt 11. We then screened the library with sera from patients with hypersensitivity reactions to shrimp and identified a positive IgE-reactive clone, designated as Met e I. This cDNA was purified to homogeneity and subsequently expressed in the plasmid pGEX. Serum antibodies from patients with shrimp allergy demonstrated positive IgE reactivity by immunoblotting to a protein encoded by the clone Met e I; sera from nonallergic control subjects were not reactive. The nucleotide sequence of this cDNA clone revealed art open reading frame of 281 amino acid residues, coding for a protein of 34 kd. Comparison of the Met e I amino acid sequence with the Genbank database showed that Met e I is highly homologous to multiple isoforms of tropomyosin. C1 CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT BIOL,SHA TIN,HONG KONG. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEUNG, PSC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DIV RHEUMATOL ALLERGY & CLIN IMMUNOL,TB192,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Kwan, Hoi Shan/F-3048-2010; Chu, Ka Hou/B-8010-2011 OI Chu, Ka Hou/0000-0001-8107-5415 NR 53 TC 143 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 9 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 94 IS 5 BP 882 EP 890 DI 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90156-2 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA PR240 UT WOS:A1994PR24000013 PM 7963157 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JE STALLKNECHT, DE HOWERTH, EW WARNER, C BIGGIE, K DAVIDSON, WR LOCKHART, JM NETTLES, VF OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE AF DAWSON, JE STALLKNECHT, DE HOWERTH, EW WARNER, C BIGGIE, K DAVIDSON, WR LOCKHART, JM NETTLES, VF OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS) TO INFECTION WITH EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS, THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAUSATIVE AGENT AB Although more than 320 cases of human ehrlichiosis have been diagnosed in 27 states since 1986, the reservoir host or hosts remain unknown. Since antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis, have been found in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), we experimentally evaluated the susceptibilities of four white-tailed deer to infection with E. chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis, a closely related species. A fifth deer served as a negative control. Isolation and nested PCR amplification results from peripheral blood indicated that E. chaffeensis circulated for at least 2 weeks. The deer developed antibodies to E. chaffeensis by day 10 after inoculation, but there was no indication of clinical disease. Immunohistochemical staining identified E. chaffeensis within macrophage-type cells in lymph nodes. The deer inoculated with E. canis did not become infected and did not seroconvert. These results indicate that white-tailed deer can support an E. chaffeensis infection with resulting rickettsemia of at least 2 weeks. The resistance to infection and the absence of seroconversion upon exposure to E. canis indicate that antibody responses previously detected among wild deer are not E. canis cross-reactions. The role of deer as competent reservoirs in the life cycle of E. chaffeensis remains to be explored with suspected tick vectors. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP DAWSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 11 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2725 EP 2728 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500017 PM 7852563 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC HUANG, MB RASHEED, JK PERSING, DH AF TENOVER, FC HUANG, MB RASHEED, JK PERSING, DH TI DEVELOPMENT OF PCR ASSAYS TO DETECT AMPICILLIN RESISTANCE GENES IN CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID SAMPLES CONTAINING HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BETA-LACTAMASE GENES; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; UNCULTURED PATHOGENS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB We developed PCR primers specific for the bla(TEM) and bla(ROB) ampicillin resistance genes. The specificity of the primers was confirmed by testing a series of Escherichia coli isolates containing a variety of ampicillin resistance genes and a series of ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae isolates. There was a perfect correlation between ampicillin MICs, the presence of beta-lactamase (as determined by the nitrocefin test), and the results with the bla(TEM) and bla(ROB) primers. Isolates of H. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 25 frozen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were also tested. Four of 14 H. influenzae isolates were positive with the bla(TEM) primers; none were positive with the bla(ROB) primers. Ampicillin MICs were determined for the H. influenzae isolates, and penicillin MICs were determined for the S. pneumoniae isolates. Only the four PCR-positive H. influenzae isolates had elevated MICs of ampicillin and were beta-lactamase positive. None of the H. influenzae isolates contained the bla(ROB) gene, and none of the S. pneumoniae isolates produced positive reactions with either primer set. We then used universal primers directed to conserved regions of rRNA and a Haemophilus detection probe to identify which of the 25 frozen samples of CSF contained H. influenzae. Fourteen of the 25 CSF specimens,vere positive for H. influenzae, which correlated with the number of organisms obtained by culture of the CSF samples. Four of the CSF samples were positive with the bla(TEM) primer set, and these correlated with the four H. influenzae isolates that were positive when tested directly by PCR. The bla(TEM) assay required the use of native Tag polymerase because Amplitaq preparations were contaminated with vector DNA that contained the bla(TEM-1) gene. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED,MICROBIOL SECT,ROCHESTER,MN 55079. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2729 EP 2737 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500018 PM 7852564 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ DASILVA, AJ CROPPO, GP MOURA, H WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB SCHWARTZ, DA MOSS, D BRYAN, RT PIENIAZEK, NJ AF VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ DASILVA, AJ CROPPO, GP MOURA, H WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB SCHWARTZ, DA MOSS, D BRYAN, RT PIENIAZEK, NJ TI POLYCLONAL AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AND PCR-AMPLIFIED SMALL-SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA IDENTIFICATION OF A MICROSPORIDIAN, ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM, ISOLATED FROM AN AIDS PATIENT WITH DISSEMINATED INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; N-SP; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; DIAGNOSIS; DIARRHEA; CUNICULI; CULTURE AB Microsporidia are primitive, spore-forming, mitochondria-lacking, eukaryotic protozoa that are obligate intracellular parasites. They are known to parasitize almost every group of animals including humans. Recently, microsporidia have increasingly been found to infect patients with AIDS. Five genera (Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Septata, and Pleistophora) of microsporidia are known to infect humans. Enterocytozoon organisms cause gastrointestinal disease in a majority of AIDS patients with microsporidiosis. However, a smaller, but an expanding, number of patients with AIDS are being diagnosed with ocular and disseminated infection with Encephalitozoon hellem. Although microsporidial spores can be identified in clinical samples by a staining technique such as one with Weber's chromotrope stain, identification to the species level is dependent on cumbersome and time-consuming electron microscopy. We have recently isolated and established in continuous culture several strains of E. hellem from urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum samples from AIDS patients with disseminated microsporidiosis. We developed polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and PCR primers to a strain of E. hellem that can be used successfully to identify E. hellem from other species of microsporidia either in clinical specimens or in cultures established from clinical specimens. Since patients infected with Encephalitozoon spp. are known to respond favorably to albendazole, identification of the parasite to the species level would be invaluable in the treatment of disseminated microsporidiosis. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MS-F-13,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 28 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2760 EP 2768 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500023 PM 7852569 ER PT J AU EATON, ME PADHYE, AA SCHWARTZ, DA STEINBERG, JP AF EATON, ME PADHYE, AA SCHWARTZ, DA STEINBERG, JP TI OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE STERNUM CAUSED BY APOPHYSOMYCES ELEGANS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; SAKSENAEA-VASIFORMIS; ZYGOMYCOSIS; SPORULATION AB Apophysomyces elegans, a member of the family Mucoraceae, was found to infect the chest wall and sternum of an immunocompetent man following minor trauma. As in previous cases, amphotericin B therapy alone was inadequate. Extensive surgical debridement was required in order to eradicate the infection. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EATON, ME (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2827 EP 2828 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500033 PM 7852578 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA GODFREY, JH CHANDLER, FW PETERSON, SW AF PADHYE, AA GODFREY, JH CHANDLER, FW PETERSON, SW TI OSTEOMYELITIS CAUSED BY NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ASPERGILLUS OSTEOMYELITIS; GRAFT AB The first case of osteomyelitis caused by Neosartorya pseudofischeri is reported. The patient, a 77-year-old male with a history of silicosis and tuberculosis, on X-ray examination revealed lytic lesions of L(2) and L(3) vertebrae suspicious for metastatic lesions. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens from vertebral bodies showed short, distorted, extra- and intracellular, hyaline hyphal fragments. The culture from the biopsy tissue produced numerous, evanescent asci containing eight ellipsoidal ascospores with two distinctive equatorial bands ca. 1 mu m, wide. When examined by a scanning electron microscope, ascospores exhibited a convex surface ornamented with raised flaps of tissue, in shape resembling triangular projections or long ridge lines. The conidial state (anamorph) was identified as Aspergillus thermomutatus on the basis of conidial columns which were smaller and less tightly packed as well as of a lighter shade of green than those observed in Aspergillus fumigatus. On the basis of the morphologic features of the ascospores, the teleomorph was identified as N. pseudofischeri. C1 N SIDE HOSP, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37601 USA. MED COLL GEORGIA, DEPT PATHOL, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. US ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2832 EP 2836 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500035 PM 7852580 ER PT J AU SADER, HS PFALLER, MA TENOVER, FC HOLLIS, RJ JONES, RN AF SADER, HS PFALLER, MA TENOVER, FC HOLLIS, RJ JONES, RN TI EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIRESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM FROM 12 US-MEDICAL-CENTERS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; IDENTIFICATION; HOSPITALS; STATES AB Forty-two Enterococcus faecium isolates resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin (VanA phenotype) from 12 U.S. medical centers were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 alternative drugs. The results indicated both intrahospital and interhospital diversity among multiresistant vanA enterococcal isolates. Furthermore, the finding of isolates with identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns in different centers strongly suggests some interhospital clonal transmission. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 16 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2840 EP 2842 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500037 PM 7852582 ER PT J AU TOMPKINS, LS TENOVER, F ARVIN, A AF TOMPKINS, LS TENOVER, F ARVIN, A TI NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY - WHAT YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CEPHALOSPORIN; MENINGITIS; FAECALIS; INVITRO C1 STANFORD UNIV,CTR MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & GEOG MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,CTR MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,CTR MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP TOMPKINS, LS (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,CTR MED H 1537J,CLINICAL MICROBIOL LAB,300 PASTEUR DR,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 170 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1074 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PN668 UT WOS:A1994PN66800002 PM 7963694 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LJ TSOU, C POTTER, C KEYSERLING, HL SMITH, TF ANANABA, G BANGHAM, CRM AF ANDERSON, LJ TSOU, C POTTER, C KEYSERLING, HL SMITH, TF ANANABA, G BANGHAM, CRM TI CYTOKINE RESPONSE TO RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS STIMULATION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED PULMONARY PATHOLOGY; COTTON RATS; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; FG GLYCOPROTEIN; T-CELLS; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINE; INFANTS; RSV AB A key impediment to developing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines is a lack of understanding of enhanced disease that occurred in children who received a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine. Studies in mice have suggested that the FI-RSV vaccine induces a TH2 and live RSV induces a TH1 memory T cell response. In this study, the cytokine mRNA response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults and children with and without previous RSV infection was characterized using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PBMC from 22 subjects previously infected with RSV usually had RSV-specific increases in TH1 cytokine-specific mRNA (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] mRNA, 20; interleukin [IL]-2 mRNA, 12; IL-5 mRNA, 6; and IL-4 mRNA, 0). PBMC from RSV antibody-negative children had no RSV-specific increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-4 mRNA; 1 of 7 had an increase in IL-5 mRNA. These data indicate that naturally acquired RSV induces a TH1 memory T cell response. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,NUFFIELD DEPT CLIN MED,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,INST MOLEC MED,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. RP ANDERSON, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP G17,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 170 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PN668 UT WOS:A1994PN66800022 PM 7963714 ER PT J AU ADA, G ALBRECHT, P BEALE, J BELLINI, WJ BLOOM, B CHOPPIN, PW CHU, CM CLEMENTS, CJ CUTTS, F DEQUADROS, C GELLIN, BG GRIFFIN, DE HALSTEAD, SB HENDERSON, DA HILL, T JOHN, TJ KATZ, SL KUNOSAKAI, H LAMBERT, PH LUCAS, A MARKOWITZ, LE MARTINEZ, LJ MEEGAN, J MIMS, C MINOR, P NATHANSON, N NORRBY, E OLDSTONE, MBA OSTERHAUS, ADME PERVIKOV, Y RUSSELL, PK SCOTT, RM SHEPARD, D TERMEULEN, V AF ADA, G ALBRECHT, P BEALE, J BELLINI, WJ BLOOM, B CHOPPIN, PW CHU, CM CLEMENTS, CJ CUTTS, F DEQUADROS, C GELLIN, BG GRIFFIN, DE HALSTEAD, SB HENDERSON, DA HILL, T JOHN, TJ KATZ, SL KUNOSAKAI, H LAMBERT, PH LUCAS, A MARKOWITZ, LE MARTINEZ, LJ MEEGAN, J MIMS, C MINOR, P NATHANSON, N NORRBY, E OLDSTONE, MBA OSTERHAUS, ADME PERVIKOV, Y RUSSELL, PK SCOTT, RM SHEPARD, D TERMEULEN, V TI A BELLAGIO CONSENSUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, JOHN CURTIN SCH MED RES, DIV CELL BIOL, CANBERRA, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA. US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV VIROL, BETHESDA, MD USA. PRIESTS HOUSE, CRANBROOK, KENT, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, MEASLES VIRUS SECT, ATLANTA, GA USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. HOWARD HUGHES MED INST, BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA. INST VIROL, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA. WHO, EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED, COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT, LONDON WC1, ENGLAND. PAN AMER HLTH ORG, EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT, WASHINGTON, DC USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT INT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT NEUROBIOL, BALTIMORE, MD USA. ROCKEFELLER FDN, DIV HLTH SCI, NEW YORK, NY USA. US PHS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. UNICEF, CHILD SURVIVAL UNIT, NEW YORK, NY USA. CHRISTIAN MED COLL & HOSP, DEPT VIROL & IMMUNOL, VELLORE 632004, TAMIL NADU, INDIA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT PEDIAT HLTH POLICY & INFECT DIS, DURHAM, NC USA. TOKAI UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, ISEHARA, KANAGAWA, JAPAN. WHO, DIV MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL COMMUNICABLE DIS, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH, BOSTON, MA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV IMMUNIZAT, ATLANTA, GA USA. WHO, CHILDRENS VACCINE INITIAT EXECUT SECRETARIAT, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. NIAID, DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. SHERIFF HOUSE, ARDINGLY, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS, DIV VIROL, POTTERS BAR, HERTS, ENGLAND. UNIV PENN, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. KAROLINSKA INST, DEPT VIROL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. Scripps Res Inst, DEPT NEUROPHARMACOL RES, LA JOLLA, CA USA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT, IMMUNOBIOL LAB, 3720 BA BILTHOVEN, NETHERLANDS. WHO, EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. BRANDEIS UNIV, INST HLTH POLICY, WALTHAM, MA 02254 USA. UNIV WURZBURG, INST VIROL & IMMUNOBIOL, W-8700 WURZBURG, GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 170 SU 1 BP S63 EP S66 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PP335 UT WOS:A1994PP33500008 ER PT J AU BELLINI, WJ ROTA, JS ROTA, PA AF BELLINI, WJ ROTA, JS ROTA, PA TI VIROLOGY OF MEASLES-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the CVI Ad Hoc Committee on an Investment Strategy for Measles Control CY MAR 15-19, 1993 CL ROCKEFELLER FDN, BELLAGIO STUDY & CONF CTR, BELLAGIO, ITALY SP ROCKEFELLER FDN HO ROCKEFELLER FDN, BELLAGIO STUDY & CONF CTR ID SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BIASED HYPERMUTATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EDMONSTON STRAIN; FUSION PROTEIN; HEMAGGLUTININ; CELLS; RNA; GENES AB Measles virus is the prototypic member of the Morbillivirus genus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral genomic RNA is single-stranded, nonsegmented, and of negative polarity and encodes six major structural proteins. The two viral transmembrane glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and fusion proteins, are both required for virus-host cell membrane fusion, while attachment to host cells is mediated by the hemagglutinin. The human CD46 molecule has been identified as a cellular receptor for measles virus. Antibodies raised against either viral glycoprotein neutralize measles virus in vitro and protect against infection. Although measles virus remains a single serotype (monotypic), nucleotide sequence analyses have identified distinct lineages among recent wild type isolates. These genetic changes were manifested by detectable antigenic variation between vaccine and wild type viruses and at some point may influence strategies for control, elimination, and eventual eradication of measles virus. RP BELLINI, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 58 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 170 SU 1 BP S15 EP S23 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PP335 UT WOS:A1994PP33500003 PM 7930749 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT MARKOWITZ, LE AF CUTTS, FT MARKOWITZ, LE TI SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN MEASLES CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the CVI Ad Hoc Committee on an Investment Strategy for Measles Control CY MAR 15-19, 1993 CL ROCKEFELLER FDN, BELLAGIO STUDY & CONF CTR, BELLAGIO, ITALY SP ROCKEFELLER FDN HO ROCKEFELLER FDN, BELLAGIO STUDY & CONF CTR ID VACCINE EFFICACY; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY; OUTBREAK; REVACCINATION; INFANTS; RUBELLA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization has a global target of reducing measles incidence by 90% and mortality by 95% from pre-EPI levels by 1995. Both developed and developing countries that have given priority to measles control have substantially reduced measles morbidity and mortality, and some have come close to eliminating measles. A variety of vaccination schedules and strategies have been used, which reflect the differing program goals, health services infrastructure, and availability of resources in different countries. Failure to control measles has usually been due to a failure to implement planned strategies adequately. The highest priority in measles control is to assist countries, especially the lowest-income countries, to implement vaccination programs more effectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CUTTS, FT (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. NR 65 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 170 SU 1 BP S32 EP S41 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PP335 UT WOS:A1994PP33500005 PM 7930752 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, FE BYERS, T AF THOMPSON, FE BYERS, T TI DIETARY ASSESSMENT RESOURCE MANUAL SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NHANES-II SURVEY; POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER; NUTRIENT DATA-BASE; HISTORY METHOD; MEASUREMENT ERROR; AMERICAN DIET; FAT INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP THOMPSON, FE (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,APPL RES BRANCH,EPN ROOM 313,6130 EXECUT BLVD MSC 7344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 233 TC 567 Z9 596 U1 9 U2 44 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 124 IS 11 SU S BP S2245 EP S2317 PG 73 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PT280 UT WOS:A1994PT28000002 PM 7965210 ER PT J AU BURNETT, CA DOSEMECI, M AF BURNETT, CA DOSEMECI, M TI USING OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY DATA FOR SURVEILLANCE OF WORK-RELATED DISEASES OF WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEATH CERTIFICATE; CANCER MORTALITY; ACCURACY; STATES; EXPOSURE; INDUSTRY; SMOKING; BREAST; MEN AB A recently developed source of occupational mortality data from 28 states for the years 1979 through 1990 can be used to meet goals for the surveillance of women's work-related diseases. A proportionate cancer mortality ratio analysis is used to illustrate use of the data to address the goals of identifying previously unrecognized work-related disease and targeting consultation or health promotion programs to appropriate occupations. Strengths of the data include broad geographical coverage and coverage of all causes of death and numerous industries and occupations. The data set is current and very large, with annual additions. The data have certain limitations. Death certificate information collected regarding occupation and cause of death may not be accurate; furthermore, death certificates have little information on potential confounding factors, such as smoking. C1 NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BURNETT, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1097/00043764-199411000-00005 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV016 UT WOS:A1994PV01600005 PM 7861263 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, CF BURNETT, CA AF ROBINSON, CF BURNETT, CA TI MORTALITY PATTERNS OF UNITED-STATES FEMALE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS BY RACE, 1979-1990 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In 1990, the US construction industry employed 7.6 million workers, of whom 8% were women. Only one epidemiologic study for women employed in the construction industry was previously published. We analyzed usual occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 28 states between 1979 and 1990 to evaluate mortality patterns among both black and white female construction industry workers. Proportionate mortality for cancer and several other chronic diseases was significantly elevated among 2,273 white female and 197 black female construction workers. White women younger than age 65 at death had significantly elevated proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for all cancer, lung cancer, and traumatic fatalities. Black women younger than age 65 at death had a significantly elevated PMR for traumatic fatalities. Elevated mortality for specific cancer sites and other diseases was observed for white and black women employed in construction trades. These results suggest that more detailed investigations that include women and other minorities should be undertaken. RP ROBINSON, CF (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1228 EP 1233 DI 10.1097/00043764-199411000-00009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV016 UT WOS:A1994PV01600009 PM 7861267 ER PT J AU RUBIN, CH BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE SELIGMAN, PJ AF RUBIN, CH BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE SELIGMAN, PJ TI OCCUPATION AND LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY AMONG WOMEN - USING OCCUPATION TO TARGET SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH PROMOTION; ACCURACY; JOHNSON; RISK AB Lung cancer mortality rates are increasing for women, despite the fact that 90% of these deaths could be prevented by smoking cessation. Targeted workplace smoking cessation programs may increase the effectiveness of lung cancer prevention for women. This study uses proportionate mortality ratio analysis of occupationally coded death certificates, from 28 states between 1979 and 1990, to identify occupations in which women are at high risk of lung cancer mortality. The study found gender and racial variation in the results for broad occupational groups. Blue-collar occupations associated with potentially carcinogenic workplace exposures also had elevated proportionate mortality ratios, probably reflecting both occupational and tobacco exposure. For women, specific occupations such as managers and financial officers revealed significant elevations in lung cancer mortality. Cessation programs targeting women in these occupational groups may increase the effectiveness of lung cancer prevention. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP RUBIN, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F-46,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1234 EP 1238 DI 10.1097/00043764-199411000-00010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PV016 UT WOS:A1994PV01600010 PM 7861268 ER PT J AU KHOSHOO, V SCHANTZ, P CRAVER, R STERN, GM LOUKAS, A PROCIV, P AF KHOSHOO, V SCHANTZ, P CRAVER, R STERN, GM LOUKAS, A PROCIV, P TI DOG HOOKWORM - A CAUSE OF EOSINOPHILIC ENTEROCOLITIS IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Note ID ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; ENTERITIS C1 NCID,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT PARASITOL,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. RP KHOSHOO, V (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,200 HENRY CLAY AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118, USA. RI Loukas, Alex/B-7355-2014 OI Loukas, Alex/0000-0002-0896-8441 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 448 EP 452 DI 10.1097/00005176-199411000-00015 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA PV007 UT WOS:A1994PV00700015 PM 7877002 ER PT J AU COKER, AL RICHTER, DL VALOIS, RF MCKEOWN, RE GARRISON, CZ VINCENT, ML AF COKER, AL RICHTER, DL VALOIS, RF MCKEOWN, RE GARRISON, CZ VINCENT, ML TI CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY INITIATION OF SEXUAL INTERCOURSE SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS; TEENAGERS AB This cross-sectional analysis of the 1991 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey explored factors associated with an early age at first sexual intercourse. Almost 18% of White males, 49% of Black males, 5% of White females and 12% of Black females were sexually active before age 13. Carrying a weapon to school, fighting, and early (< age 13) experimentation with cigarettes and alcohol were associated with early initiation of sexual activity for all four race and gender groupings. Those initiating sexual activity early had greater numbers of partners but were 50% less likely to use condoms regularly and were two-seven times more likely to have been pregnant or caused a pregnancy. Females who initiated sexual activity early were more likely to have had a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Interventions to postpone sexual activity need to be tailored to the ethnic and gender differences observed in these analyses. Interventions must begin before age 13 and should be comprehensive school-based efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH PROMOT & EDUC,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP COKER, AL (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. FU PHS HHS [U63/CCU 802750-03] NR 24 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1994 VL 64 IS 9 BP 372 EP 377 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY392 UT WOS:A1994PY39200005 PM 7877279 ER PT J AU OHASHI, DK CRANE, JS SPIRA, TJ COURREGE, ML AF OHASHI, DK CRANE, JS SPIRA, TJ COURREGE, ML TI IDIOPATHIC CD4(+) T-CELL LYMPHOCYTOPENIA WITH VERRUCAE, BASAL-CELL CARCINOMAS, AND CHRONIC TINEA-CORPORIS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Note ID UNEXPLAINED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; CD4+; IMMUNODEFICIENCY AB Idiopathic CD4(+) T lymphocytopenia should be considered in HIV-negative patients with skin lesions commonly associated with HIV infection. Patients with idiopathic CD4(+) T lymphocytopenia are presumably rare, often have dermatologic lesions, always have low CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts, and lack all evidence of HIV-1 infection. We describe a young man with verrucae, basal cell carcinomas, chronic tinea corporis, and laboratory evidence supporting a diagnosis of idiopathic CD4(+) T lymphocytopenia. C1 LOWER CAPE FEAR DERMATOL CLIN,WILMINGTON,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OHASHI, DK (reprint author), CAMPBELL UNIV,SCH PHARM,BUIES CREEK,NC 27506, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 5 SU S BP 889 EP 891 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70253-5 PN 2 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA PP178 UT WOS:A1994PP17800013 PM 7962742 ER PT J AU CROFT, JB TEMPLE, SP LANKENAU, B HEATH, GW MACERA, CA EAKER, ED WHEELER, FC AF CROFT, JB TEMPLE, SP LANKENAU, B HEATH, GW MACERA, CA EAKER, ED WHEELER, FC TI COMMUNITY INTERVENTION AND TRENDS IN DIETARY-FAT CONSUMPTION AMONG BLACK-AND-WHITE ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEART-HEALTH-PROGRAM; STANFORD 5-CITY PROJECT; NUTRITION EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; 3 COMMUNITY; INFORMATION; FOOD; PREVENTION; IMPACT AB Objectives This study assessed whether a state public health department could effectively implement an affordable nutrition intervention program at the community level. Design Cross-sectional data were collected via telephone surveys of 9,839 adults, aged 18 years or older, in 1987, 1989, and 1991 in two South Carolina communities. Nutrition education programs began in 1988 in one community. The other community served as a comparison site. We assessed and compared changes in community levels of dietary fat and weekly meat consumption salt use, and nutrition promotion awareness with analysis of covariance regression techniques that included race, sex, and age as covariates. Results We observed favorable changes in most eating behaviors and levels of awareness in both communities. The intervention community experienced greater absolute changes than the comparison community in use of animal fats (-8.9% vs -4.0%; P=.02) and liquid or soft vegetable fats (+8.4% vs +3.6%; P=.04), and in awareness of restaurant nutrition information (+33.0% vs + 19.4%; P=.0001). Although the primary type of dietary fat used differed between black and white respondents, we observed significant change among both groups. Conclusions These results suggest that community-wide nutrition education programs may have augmented regional or national changes in dietary behavior among white and black adults in the intervention community. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC. RP CROFT, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [U501CCU402234] NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1284 EP 1290 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92461-9 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PQ974 UT WOS:A1994PQ97400016 PM 7963173 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS CONG, ME HOLLOWAY, BP PADHYE, N LAMBERT, SB JUE, DL FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS CONG, ME HOLLOWAY, BP PADHYE, N LAMBERT, SB JUE, DL FIELDS, HA TI ARTIFICIAL MOSAIC PROTEIN CONTAINING ANTIGENIC EPITOPES OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; INSECT CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; HEV AB A synthetic gene encoding an artificial polypeptide composed of antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) proteins was constructed from short oligodeoxyribonucleotides by using PCR. The polypeptide comprises a mosaic of three antigenically active dominant regions from the protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (ORF2), one antigenically active region from the protein encoded by ORF3 of the Burmese HEV strain, and one antigenically active region from the protein encoded by ORF3 of the Mexican HEV strain. The mosaic protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a chimera with glutathione S-transferase or beta-galactosidase. Guinea pig sera containing antibodies to the corresponding HEV synthetic peptides were used to demonstrate by Western immunoblot analysis and enzyme immunoassay the presence and accessibility of all HEV-specific antigenic epitopes introduced into the mosaic protein. Both the glutathione S-transferase and beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins were analyzed by using a panel of human anti-HEV-positive and negative sera. The data obtained strongly indicate a diagnostic potential for the mosaic protein. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL, MOSCOW 123098, RUSSIA. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED, INST VIROL, BEIJING 100052, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 11 BP 7067 EP 7074 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA PL736 UT WOS:A1994PL73600027 PM 7523696 ER PT J AU LU, HH YANG, CF MURDIN, AD KLEIN, MH HARBER, JJ KEW, OM WIMMER, E AF LU, HH YANG, CF MURDIN, AD KLEIN, MH HARBER, JJ KEW, OM WIMMER, E TI MOUSE NEUROVIRULENCE DETERMINANTS OF POLIOVIRUS TYPE-1 STRAIN LS-A MAP TO THE CODING REGIONS OF CAPSID PROTEIN VP1 AND PROTEINASE 2A(PRO) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC SITE; HOST RANGE; RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; VIRUS; REPLICATION; GENE; MICE AB Poliovirus type 1 strain LS-a [PV1(LS-a)] is a PV variant adapted to mice by multiple passages through mouse and monkey tissues. To investigate the molecular basis underlying mouse neurovirulence of PV1(LS-a), a cDNA of the viral genome containing nucleotides 112 to 7441 was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Compared with that of the mouse avirulent progenitor PV1(Mahoney), 54 nucleotide changes were found in the genome of the PV1(LS-a) virus, resulting in 20 amino acid substitutions in the virus polyprotein. Whereas the nucleotide changes were scattered throughout the genome, the amino acid substitutions were largely clustered in the capsid proteins and, to a certain extent, in the virus proteinase 2A(pro). By in vitro mutagenesis, PV1(LS-a)-specific capsid mutations were introduced into a cDNA clone of PV1(Mahoney). We show that neither the individual amino acid mutations nor combinations of mutations in the region encoding VP1 conferred to PV1(Mahoney) the mouse-adapted phenotype of PV1(LS-a). Chimeric cDNA studies demonstrated that a recombinant type 1 virus containing the PV1(LS-a) sequence from nucleotide 2470 to nucleotide 3625 displayed a neurovirulent phenotype in mice. Further dissection of this region revealed that mouse neurovirulence of PV1(LS-a) was determined by multiple mutations in regions encoding both viral proteinase 2A(pro) and capsid protein VP1. The mouse neurovirulent viruses, PV1(LS-a), W1-M/LS-Pf [nucleotides 496 to 3625 from PV1(ES-a)], and W1-M/LS-NP [nucleotides 2470 to 3625 from PV1(LS-a)], showed increased sensitivity to heat treatment at 45 degrees C for 1 h. Surprisingly, the thermolabile phenotype was also displayed by a recombinant of PV1(Mahoney) carrying a PV1(LS-a) DNA fragment encoding the N-terminal portion of 2A(pro). This suggests that base substitutions in the region encoding 2A(pro) affected capsid stability, thereby contributing to the neurovirulence of the virus in mice. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CONNAUGHT LABS LTD, N YORK M2R 3T4, ON, CANADA. RP LU, HH (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK, SCH MED, DEPT MOLEC GENET & MICROBIOL, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [2 T32CA09176, CA28146]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI15122] NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 11 BP 7507 EP 7515 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA PL736 UT WOS:A1994PL73600076 PM 7933134 ER PT J AU LIN, JC LIN, SC MAR, EC AF LIN, JC LIN, SC MAR, EC TI A STRATEGY FOR PRECISION OF GENOTYPING OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION - APPLICATION FOR STUDYING HODGKINS LYMPHOMA SO LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA LA English DT Review DE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; GENOTYPE; HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AB Previous studies on the genotyping of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been based on the analysis of a single gene locus. The assignment of genotype of an isolate could easily be overlooked with this assay. Our strategy for precision of EBV genotyping has exploited the existence of two families of EBV strains (type A and B) that can be distinguished at three divergent gene loci (EBNA-2, EBNA-3C, and EBER). To precisely determine the genotype of EBV in Hodgkin's disease (HD), we designed primers and simultaneously analysed these three gene loci that distinguish type A and B viruses by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The primers designed to amplify these three gene loci encompass either type-specific deletion sequences (EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C) or type-specific point mutations (EBER) that identify the virus strain based on the sizes of PCR-amplified products or the mobility shifts in single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The locations of point mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified DNA. Fifteen EBV-infected cell lines were analysed and a good correlation between EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C typing results was found. In contrast, approximately 33% of the cell lines analysed maintained type A sequences in EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C genes while carrying type B sequences in the EBER region. Data obtained from analysis of cell lines served as a reference for studying HD samples. EBV DNA was detected in about 70% of HD. Among the EBV-positive samples, 56% were associated with type A virus, 13% with type B, and 31% with dual viral sequences. Thus, type A virus is predominant in HD. Based on the histology, the frequencies of EBV positivity were 83%, 71%, and 33% for mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosis and lymphocyte predominance, respectively. The detection of high frequency of both type A and B sequences in HD may provide a lead in investigating the role of dual viral infection in EBV pathogenesis. RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TUMOR VIROL LAB,MS-D10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1042-8194 J9 LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA JI Leuk. Lymphoma PD NOV PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.3109/10428199409049741 PG 9 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA PR630 UT WOS:A1994PR63000004 PM 7873996 ER PT J AU GORAL, S ANDERSON, B HAGER, C EDWARDS, KM AF GORAL, S ANDERSON, B HAGER, C EDWARDS, KM TI DETECTION OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE DNA BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FROM SUPPURATIVE NODES OF CHILDREN WITH CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ROCHALIMAEA HENSELAE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; LYMPHADENITIS ID BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; AGENT AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was designed to amplify DNA from Rochalimaea henselae, Rochalimaea quintana and Afipia felis in the purulent material from lymph nodes in three patients with clinical cat-scratch disease (CSD) and two patients with lymphadenitis from other causes. All of the patients with CSD had positive immunofluorescent antibody serology for R. henselae, while none of the controls was positive. PCR amplification confirmed the presence of R. henselae DNA and the absence of R. quintana and A. felis DNA in the purulent material from CSD patients. PCR samples from control patients were negative. The PCR amplification of R. henselae DNA was performed quickly and with great sensitivity and specificity. It confirmed the presence of R. henselae in the CSD patients and eliminated the need for more extensive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GORAL, S (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,NASHVILLE,TN 37212, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5MO-IRR90095]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-02645] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 11 BP 994 EP 997 DI 10.1097/00006454-199411000-00011 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PT216 UT WOS:A1994PT21600012 PM 7531320 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL WATSON, JC HADLER, SC AF ATKINSON, WL WATSON, JC HADLER, SC TI ACCEPTABILITY OF IMMUNIZATIONS GIVEN IN OTHER COUNTRIES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE HEPATITIS B; IMMUNIZATIONS; MEASLES; VACCINATION SCHEDULES RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1026 EP 1027 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PT216 UT WOS:A1994PT21600030 PM 7845734 ER PT J AU HALL, CB CHESNEY, PJ GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCY, SM MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA OVERALL, JC PICKERING, LK STEELE, RW YOGEV, R AF HALL, CB CHESNEY, PJ GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCY, SM MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA OVERALL, JC PICKERING, LK STEELE, RW YOGEV, R TI ADMINISTRATION OF THE 3RD DOSE OF ORAL POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE AT 6 TO 18 MONTHS OF AGE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TRIVALENT POLIOVIRUS VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. AMER THORAC SOC,NEW YORK,NY. CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL VACCINE PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1994 VL 94 IS 5 BP 774 EP 775 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PN912 UT WOS:A1994PN91200028 ER PT J AU FINGER, R HUGHES, JP MEADE, BJ PELLETIER, AR PALMER, CT AF FINGER, R HUGHES, JP MEADE, BJ PELLETIER, AR PALMER, CT TI AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE OF CHICKENPOX SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA COMPLICATIONS; CHILDREN; VACCINE; LEUKEMIA; DISEASES AB Because licensure of a chickenpox (varicella) vaccine is likely soon, it is important to ascertain the age-specific incidence of chickenpox. Increasing vaccine coverage and a resulting decrease in transmission may result in an accumulation of susceptible adults, followed by a shift of incidence into those older age groups in future years. Valid baseline age-specific incidence will make it possible to detect this phenomenon. Two studies were conducted in Kentucky to assess age-specific incidence of chickenpox. The first assessed chickenpox occurrence in two consecutive school-year cohorts of children from a geographically representative sample of Kentucky primary schools. The second gathered information from household members of those persons interviewed in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey. The age-specific rates are remarkably similar between studies. Rates peak during the preschool and kindergarten years (ages 3-6). Approximately 20 percent of children remain susceptible to chickenpox after age 8 in both studies. The results from these two surveys will be valuable baselines for comparison with findings in incidence studies that will be performed after vaccine licensure. C1 KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 109 IS 6 BP 750 EP 755 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PY035 UT WOS:A1994PY03500007 PM 7800783 ER PT J AU POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A AF POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A TI SUPPLEMENT 1993 (NO-37) TO THE KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA, SEROVARS; TAXONOMY; KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 36 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1993 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 26 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 5 to subspecies salamae, 1 to subspecies arizonae, 2 to subspecies diarizonae, 1 to subspecies houtenae and 1 to S. bongori. C1 HYG INST,NATL REFERENZZENTRUM ENTERITISERREGER,HAMBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPOFF, MY (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES SALMONELLA,INSERM,U389,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 145 IS 9 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(94)90043-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PY271 UT WOS:A1994PY27100009 PM 7746961 ER PT J AU MOORE, PS BROOME, CV AF MOORE, PS BROOME, CV TI CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS EPIDEMICS SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP MOORE, PS (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 3 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 271 IS 5 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PM589 UT WOS:A1994PM58900017 PM 7997865 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JE MCCORMICK, L FICHTNER, R AF ANDERSON, JE MCCORMICK, L FICHTNER, R TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SELF-REPORTED STDS - DATA FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; GONORRHEA; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; MEN AB Background and Objectives: STD prevention programs need to identify population subgroups and risk behaviors that are associated with higher rates of disease. Goal of the Study: To see what levels of STD experience were reported by respondents to a national survey and what factors were associated with self-reported STDs. Study Design: The survey data are from Cycle IV (1988) of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), a nationally representative household-based sample of 8450 women ages 15 to 44 years. We examined characteristics of survey respondents who reported STD experience, characteristics of STD cases reported to the national STD surveillance system, and factors related to self-reported STDs using multiple logistic regression. Results: The self-reported survey data indicate that the majority of respondents who ever had gonorrhea (55%) were white, but white women account for only 19% of the annual cases in the surveillance system. Logistic regression analysis of survey data indicates factors associated with reported gonorrhea experience, sexual behavior, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, perceived risk of AIDS, receiving birth control education, and region of residence. Reporting of chlamydia appears to be strongly related to knowledge of this infection. Conclusions: Because of basic differences in the statistics being compared, we cannot rule out other explanations. Our results suggest that the surveillance data may reflect underreporting of higher socioeconomic groups making use of private health care. Survey data, on the other hand, are probably affected by underreporting of STD experience. Questions to measure STD experience, treatment, and source of care on surveys of this type would greatly increase the understanding of STDs in the national population. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ANDERSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 21 IS 6 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1097/00007435-199411000-00002 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA PV090 UT WOS:A1994PV09000002 PM 7871442 ER PT J AU SARAFIAN, SK RICE, RJ OHYE, RG HIGA, H KNAPP, JS AF SARAFIAN, SK RICE, RJ OHYE, RG HIGA, H KNAPP, JS TI DIVERSITY OF ISOLATES OF PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE (PPNG) IN HONOLULU, HAWAII - 1982-1991 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE; PLASMIDS; STRAINS AB Background and Objectives: Gonococcal infections caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolates have increased in geographic distribution and prevalence. It was postulated that PPNG strains would become endemic in Honolulu and that, in turn, this city would serve as a reservoir for the introduction of PPNG strains into the continental United States. Goal of this Study: To assess the role of Honolulu as a reservoir for PPNG strains by assessing the diversity and persistence of PPNG strains between 1982 and 1991. Study Design: A total of 432 PPNG strains were characterized by auxotype/serovar (A/S) class and plasmid content, and their distribution during the 10-year period was studied. Results: Of 432 isolates, 373 (86.4%) possessed a 4.4-Mdal beta-lactamase plasmid; 39 (9.0%) possessed a 3.2-Mdal beta-lactamase plasmid; and 20 (4.6%) possessed a 3.05-Mdal beta-lactamase plasmid. A total of 53 A/S classes were identified. Asian, African, and Toronto PPNG strains belonged to 49 (92.5%), 15 (28.3%), and 11 (20.7%) A/S classes, respectively Though all Toronto PPNG strains possessed a 24.5-Mdal conjugative plasmid, these plasmids could not be transferred by conjugation. Although some apparent microepidemics of PPNG strains were identified, most strains were isolated sporadically. Conclusions: A large number of different strains have been associated with PPNG infections in Honolulu, but there was no evidence that any strain persisted endemically during the study period. These observations have important implications for the design and assessment of community gonorrhea control strategies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATE HAWAII DEPT HLTH,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,STD AIDS PREVENT BRANCH,HONOLULU,HI. STATE HAWAII DEPT HLTH,STATE LABS DIV,MED MICROBIOL BRANCH,HONOLULU,HI. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 21 IS 6 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1097/00007435-199411000-00007 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA PV090 UT WOS:A1994PV09000007 PM 7871447 ER PT J AU STUPP, PW SAMARA, R AF STUPP, PW SAMARA, R TI USING PARITY-PROGRESSION RATIOS TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECT OF FEMALE STERILIZATION ON FERTILITY SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB In this article, a new methodology that employs parity-progression ratios to estimate the effect of female sterilization on fertility is described, and results using data from Ecuador are compared to those obtained using a previously existing approach that classifies women by marital duration. The methods differ in how they disaggregate marital fertility and in the assumption they make about what the subsequent fertility of sterilized women would have been if they had not been sterilized. The analysis of the Ecuadoran data shows that the estimate of births averted by sterilization has diminished over time, even as sterilization prevalence has been increasing. This situation is attributed to a decline in the fertility of nonsterilized women resulting from increased use of reversible methods of contraception. C1 UNIV PENN,CTR POPULAT STUDIES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP STUPP, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POPULATION COUNC PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 6 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.2307/2137877 PN 1 PG 10 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QD137 UT WOS:A1994QD13700002 PM 7716798 ER PT J AU ENG, TR FISHBEIN, DB TALAMANTE, HE FEKADU, M CHAVEZ, GF MURO, FJ BAER, GM AF ENG, TR FISHBEIN, DB TALAMANTE, HE FEKADU, M CHAVEZ, GF MURO, FJ BAER, GM TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF RUBIES VACCINES USED DURING AN URBAN EPIZOOTIC OF RABIES IN MEXICO SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; VACCINE POTENCY ID NIGERIA AB From 1 July 1987 to 31 December 1988, 30% of 247 rabid dogs in Hermosillo, Mexico had a positive history of rabies vaccination. Serosurveys suggested that inactivated suckling mouse brain vaccine (INACT-SMBV) and inactivated tissue culture vaccine (INACT-TC) used before and during the epizootic were poor immunogens. Prospective studies showed that only about one-third of doss vaccinated with INACT-SMBV were seropositive 5 weeks after vaccination. Lack of vaccine potency was the most likely cause of poor immunogenicity. Rabies vaccines should be evaluated periodically by measuring antibody responses in animals. In some circumstances, minimum seroconversion rates and antibody titres in vaccinated animals may be better measures of immunogenicity than relative potency. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SERV MED SONORA,HERMOSILLO,MEXICO. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1994 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1259 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(94)80049-6 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA PL791 UT WOS:A1994PL79100003 PM 7856289 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT NYANDU, B MARKOWITZ, LE FORSEY, T ZELL, ER OTHEPA, O WILKINS, K AF CUTTS, FT NYANDU, B MARKOWITZ, LE FORSEY, T ZELL, ER OTHEPA, O WILKINS, K TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF HIGH-TITER AIK-C OR EDMONSTON-ZAGREB VACCINES IN 3.5-MONTH-OLD INFANTS, AND OF MEDIUM-TITER OR HIGH-TITER EDMONSTON-ZAGREB VACCINE IN 6-MONTH-OLD INFANTS, IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE MEASLES VACCINES; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ID SCHWARZ MEASLES-VACCINES; EARLY IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; AGE; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; REIMMUNIZATION; REVACCINATION; PERSISTENCE; STANDARD AB The effect of measles vaccine potency was evaluated among 485 children aged 6 months, and the effect of vaccine strain was evaluated among 538 children aged 3.5 months, in Kinshasa, Zaire. Children aged 6 months were randomly assigned to receive either high-titre Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ-H), potency 5.7 log(10)/dose, or medium-titre EZ (EZ-M), potency 4.7 log(10)/dose; those aged 3.5 months were randomly assigned to receive either AIK-C, potency 5.5 log(10)/dose, or EZ-H, and were revaccinated with EZ-M vaccine at age 9.5 months. Measles antibodies were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Among children vaccinated at age 6 months, the seroresponse was significantly higher after EZ-H than EZ-M vaccine, with 92 and 83% seroconverting by 6 months postvaccination and 59 and 40% respectively having antibody titres > 200 mIU. Among children vaccinated at age 3.5 months, only 24% (AIK-C) and 22% (EZ-H) attained antibody titres greater than or equal to 200 mIU 6 months postvaccination. After revaccination at age 9.5 months, 81% of children in the AIK-C group and 73% in the EZ-H group had antibody levels > 200 mIU (p = 0.056). A retrospective survey was conducted in January 1993 to determine the mortality experience of vaccine groups, and information was obtained for 94% of the children. A total of 44 deaths (4%) were identified, with no significant differences between groups when stratified by age at vaccination. Although high-titre EZ vaccine is immunogenic among 6-month-old children, this vaccine is no longer recommended for use because of the finding of increased mortality among recipients of this vaccine in other studies. The efficacy of two doses of standard titre vaccine requires further study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,COMBATTING CHILDHOOD COMMUN DIS PROJECT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1994 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1311 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(94)80057-7 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA PL791 UT WOS:A1994PL79100011 PM 7856296 ER EF