FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI Bias in the evaluation of DNA-amplification tests for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis - by A. Hadgu, Statistics in Medicine, 16, 1391-1399 (1997) - Author's reply SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1528 EP 1530 PG 3 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA ZY940 UT WOS:000074678800010 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Simonds, DN Pugliese, G Kroc, K Banerjee, SN Rudnick, JR Steingraber, K Jarvis, WR AF Manangan, LP Simonds, DN Pugliese, G Kroc, K Banerjee, SN Rudnick, JR Steingraber, K Jarvis, WR TI Are US hospitals making progress in implementing guidelines for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission? SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; CDC TB SURVEY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MEMBER HOSPITALS; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY AB Background: Outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) in hospitals have occurred when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline recommendations for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not fully implemented. Objective: To determine whether US hospitals are making progress in implementing the CDC guidelines for preventing TB. Methods: In 1992, we surveyed all public (city, county, Veterans Affairs, and primary medical school-affiliated) US hospitals (n = 632) and 444 (20%) random samples of all private hospitals with 100 beds or more. In 1996, we resurveyed 136 random samples (50%) of all 1992 respondent hospitals with 6 or more TB admissions in 1991. Results: Of the 1076 hospitals surveyed in 1992, 763 (71%) respondents returned a completed questionnaire. Among these, 536 (71%) of 755 reported having rooms chat met CDC criteria for acid-fast bacilli isolation, ie, negative air pressure, 6 or more air exchanges per hour, and air directly vented to the outside. The predominant respiratory protective device for health care workers was nonfitted surgical mask and attending physicians were infrequently (50%) included in tuberculin skin-testing programs. In the 1996 resurvey, 103 (76%) of 136 respondents returned a completed questionnaire. Of these, 99 (96%) reported having rooms that met CDC criteria for acid-fast bacilli isolation. The N95 respiratory protective devices were predominantly used by health care workers, and attending physicians were increasingly (69%) included in the hospitals' tuberculin skin-testing programs. Conclusions: Most US hospitals are making progress in the implementation of CDC guidelines for preventing the transmission of M tuberculosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Hosp Assoc, Chicago, IL USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 13 BP 1440 EP 1444 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.13.1440 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105WA UT WOS:000075095500008 PM 9665353 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Marks, G AF Mansergh, G Marks, G TI Age and risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE homosexual men; HIV; AIDS; age; sexual risk; anal intercourse; seroconversion ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; YOUNG GAY MEN; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; AIDS BEHAVIORAL-RESEARCH; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; SMALL CITIES; CONDOM USE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1119 EP 1128 DI 10.1097/00002030-199810000-00003 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZY083 UT WOS:000074584900003 PM 9677160 ER PT J AU Fyfe, M Kelly, MT Yeung, ST Daly, P Schallie, K Buchanan, S Waller, P Kobayashi, J Therien, N Guichard, M Lankford, S Stehr-Green, P Harsch, R DeBess, E Cassidy, M McGivern, T Mauvais, S Fleming, D Lippmann, M Pong, L McKay, RW Cannon, DE Werner, SB Abbott, S Hernandez, M Wojee, C Waddell, J Waterman, S Middaugh, J Sasaki, D Effler, P Groves, C Curtis, N Dwyer, D Dowdle, G Nichols, C AF Fyfe, M Kelly, MT Yeung, ST Daly, P Schallie, K Buchanan, S Waller, P Kobayashi, J Therien, N Guichard, M Lankford, S Stehr-Green, P Harsch, R DeBess, E Cassidy, M McGivern, T Mauvais, S Fleming, D Lippmann, M Pong, L McKay, RW Cannon, DE Werner, SB Abbott, S Hernandez, M Wojee, C Waddell, J Waterman, S Middaugh, J Sasaki, D Effler, P Groves, C Curtis, N Dwyer, D Dowdle, G Nichols, C TI Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters - Pacific Northwest, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 457, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Prov Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Hlth Canada, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Vancouver Richmond Hlth Board, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Washington Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Dept Human Resources, State Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. City & Cty San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Control Unit, San Francisco, CA USA. City & Cty San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Management Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Div Food Drug & Radiat Safety, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. State Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Juneau, AK USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. Maryland State Epidemiol & Dis Control, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland State Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Fyfe, M (reprint author), British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Prov Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 2 BP 126 EP 127 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZY321 UT WOS:000074608400011 ER PT J AU St John, TM AF St John, TM TI Accuracy of physicians' office laboratory results - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP St John, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 2 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZY321 UT WOS:000074608400019 ER PT J AU Caraballo, RS Giovino, GA Pechacek, TF Mowery, PD Richter, PA Strauss, WJ Sharp, DJ Eriksen, MP Pirkle, JL Maurer, KR AF Caraballo, RS Giovino, GA Pechacek, TF Mowery, PD Richter, PA Strauss, WJ Sharp, DJ Eriksen, MP Pirkle, JL Maurer, KR TI Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers - Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NONMENTHOL CIGARETTES; WHITE SMOKERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; SELF-REPORT; NICOTINE; EXPOSURE; MENTHOL; METABOLISM; CHILDREN AB Context.-Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Previous studies suggest that non-Hispanic blacks have higher levels of serum cotinine than non-Hispanic whites who report similar levels of cigarette smoking. Objective.-To investigate differences in levels of serum cotinine in black, white, and Mexican American cigarette smokers in the US adult population. Design.-Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Participants.-A nationally representative sample of persons aged 17 years or older who participated in the survey. Outcome Measures.-Serum cotinine levels by reported number of cigarettes smoked per day and by race and ethnicity. Results.-A total of 7182 subjects were involved in the study; 2136 subjects reported smoking at least 1 cigarette in the last 5 days, Black smokers had cotinine concentrations substantially higher at all levels of cigarette smoking than did white or Mexican American smokers (P<.001). Serum cotinine levels for blacks were 125 nmol/L (22 ng/mL) (95% confidence interval [CI], 79-176 nmol/L. [14-31 ng/mL]) to 539 nmol/L (95 ng/mL) (95% CI, 289-630 nmol/L [51-111 ng/mL]) higher than for whites and 136 nmol/L (24 ng/mL) (95% CI, 85-182 nmol/L [15-32 ng/mL]) to 641 nmol/L (113 ng/mL) (95% CI, 386-897 nmol/L [68-158 ng/mL]I) higher than for Mexican Americans, These differences do not appear to be attributable to differences in environmental tobacco smoke exposure or in number of cigarettes smoked. Conclusions.-To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence from a national study that serum cotinine levels are higher among black smokers than among white or Mexican American smokers. If higher cotinine levels among blacks indicate higher nicotine intake or differential pharmacokinetics and possibly serve as a marker of higher exposure to cigarette carcinogenic components, they may help explain why blacks find it harder to quit and are more likely to experience higher rates of lung cancer than white smokers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Caraballo, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 317 Z9 318 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1001/jama.280.2.135 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZY321 UT WOS:000074608400027 PM 9669785 ER PT J AU Burke, W Thomson, E Khoury, MJ McDonnell, SM Press, N Adams, PC Barton, JC Beutler, E Brittenham, G Buchanan, A Clayton, EW Cogswell, ME Meslin, EM Motulsky, AG Powell, LW Sigal, E Wilfond, BS Collins, FS AF Burke, W Thomson, E Khoury, MJ McDonnell, SM Press, N Adams, PC Barton, JC Beutler, E Brittenham, G Buchanan, A Clayton, EW Cogswell, ME Meslin, EM Motulsky, AG Powell, LW Sigal, E Wilfond, BS Collins, FS TI Hereditary hemochromatosis - Gene discovery and its implications for population-based screening SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IRON OVERLOAD; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; IDIOPATHIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HEALTH-INSURANCE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; BLOOD-DONORS; PHENYLKETONURIA; PREVALENCE AB Objective.-To evaluate the role of genetic testing in screening for hereditary hemochromatosis to help guide clinicians, policymakers, and researchers. Participants.-An expert panel was convened on March 3, 1997, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), with expertise in epidemiology, genetics, hepatology, iron overload disorders, molecular biology, public health, and the ethical, legal, and social implications surrounding the discovery and use of genetic information. Evidence.-The group reviewed evidence regarding the clinical presentation, natural history, and genetics of hemochromatosis, including current data on the candidate gene for hemochromatosis (HFE) and on the ethical and health policy implications of genetic testing for this disorder. Consensus Process.-Consensus was achieved by group discussion confirmed by a voice vote. A draft of the consensus statement was prepared by a writing committee and subsequently reviewed and revised by all members of the expert group over a 1-year period. Conclusions.-Genetic testing is not recommended at this time in population-based screening for hereditary hemochromatosis, due to uncertainties about prevalence and penetrance of HFE mutations and the optimal care of asymptomatic people carrying HFE mutations. In addition, use of a genetic screening test raises concerns regarding possible stigmatization and discrimination. Tests for HFE mutations may play a role in confirming the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis in persons with elevated serum iron measures, but even this use is limited by uncertainty about genotype-phenotype correlations. To address these questions, the expert group accorded high priority to population-based research to define the prevalence of HFE mutations, age and sex-related penetrance of different HFE genotypes, interactions between HFE genotypes and environmental modifiers, and psychosocial outcomes of genetic screening for hemochromatosis. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Human Genome Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Med, London, ON, Canada. So Iron Disorders Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Business, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Law, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Med, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. Mercator Genet, Menlo Park, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Box 354765,4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM wburke@u.washington.edu NR 61 TC 228 Z9 233 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1001/jama.280.2.172 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZY321 UT WOS:000074608400034 PM 9669792 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Freeland, DE Collins, WE Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Freeland, DE Collins, WE Lal, AA TI The evolution of primate malaria parasites based on the gene encoding cytochrome b from the linear mitochondrial genome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; Apicomplexa ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; ORIGIN; TREES; HOMINOIDEA; SELECTION; MACAQUES AB We report a phylogenetic analysis of primate malaria parasites based on the gene encoding the cytochrome b protein from the mitochondrial genome, We have studied 17 species of Plasmodium, including 14 parasitic in primates. In our analysis, four species were used for rooting the Plasmodium phylogenetic tree: two from closely related genera (Hepatocystis sp, and Haemoproteus columbae) and two other Apicomplexa (Toxoplasma gondii and Theileria parva), We found that primate malaria parasites form a monophyletic group, with the only exception being the Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium reichenowi lineage. Phylogenetic analyses that include two species of non-Plasmodium Haemosporina suggest that the genus Plasmodium is polyphyletic, We conclude that the biologic traits, such as periodicity and the capacity to relapse, have limited value for assessing the phylogenetic relationships among Plasmodium species. For instance, we found no evidence that would link virulence with the age of the host-parasite association. Our studies also reveal that the primate malaria parasites originated in Africa, which contradicts the presently held opinion of Southeast Asia as their center of origin. We propose that the radiation of Asian monkey parasites is a recent event where several life history traits, like differences in periodicity, appeared de novo. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM aal1@cdc.gov NR 76 TC 231 Z9 232 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 14 BP 8124 EP 8129 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8124 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ317 UT WOS:000074717300052 PM 9653151 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT Bolin, RA Kelly, RG AF Roehrig, JT Bolin, RA Kelly, RG TI Monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, Jamaica SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; TYPE-2 VIRUS; EPITOPES; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; DOMAIN; SURFACE AB Although dengue (DEN) virus is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most prevalent vector-borne viral disease in the world, precise information on the antigenic structure of the dengue virion is limited. We have prepared a set of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the envelope (E) glycoprotein of DEN 2 virus and used these antibodies in a comprehensive biological and biochemical analysis to identify 16 epitopes. Following domain nomenclature developed for the related flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis, three functional domains were identified. Five epitopes associated with domain A were arranged in three spatially independent regions. These A-domain epitopes were destroyed by reduction, and antibodies reactive with these epitopes were able to block Virus hemagglutination, neutralize virus infectivity, and block virus-mediated cell membrane fusion. Domain-A epitopes were present on the full-length E glycoprotein, a 45-kDa tryptic peptide representing its first 400 amino acids (aa) and a 22-kDa tryptic peptide representing at least aa 1-120. Four epitopes mapped into domain B, as determined by their partial resistance to reduction and the localization of these epitopes on a 9-kDa tryptic or chymotryptic peptide fragment (aa 300-400). One domain-B-reactive MAb was also capable of binding to a DEN 2 synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 333-351 of the E glycoprotein, confirming the location of this domain. Domain-B epitopes elicited MAbs that were potent neutralizers of virus infectivity and blocked hemagglutination, but they did not block virus-mediated cell-membrane fusion. Domains A and B were spatially associated. As with tick-borne encephalitis virus, determination of domain C was more problematic; however, at least four epitopes had biochemical characteristics consistent with C-domain epitopes. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Bome Infect Dis,Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Bome Infect Dis,Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jtrl@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 31 TC 218 Z9 227 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 1998 VL 246 IS 2 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9200 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZY286 UT WOS:000074604900013 PM 9657950 ER PT J AU Chen, RT DeStefano, F AF Chen, RT DeStefano, F TI Vaccine safety SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 4 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9121 BP 63 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79543-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZY322 UT WOS:000074608600056 PM 9800774 ER PT J AU Allan, JS Broussard, SR Michaels, MG Starzl, TE Leighton, KL Whitehead, EM Comuzzie, AG Lanford, RE Leland, MM Switzer, WM Heneine, W AF Allan, JS Broussard, SR Michaels, MG Starzl, TE Leighton, KL Whitehead, EM Comuzzie, AG Lanford, RE Leland, MM Switzer, WM Heneine, W TI Amplification of simian retroviral sequences from human recipients of baboon liver transplants SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; XENOTRANSPLANTATION AB Investigations into the use of baboons as organ donors for human transplant recipients, a procedure called xenotransplantation, have raised the specter of transmitting baboon viruses to humans and possibly establishing new human infectious diseases. Retrospective analysis of tissues from two human transplant recipients with end-stage hepatic disease who died 70 and 27 days after the transplantation of baboon livers revealed the presence of two simian retroviruses of baboon origin, simian foamy virus (SFV) and baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), in multiple tissue compartments. The presence of baboon mitochondrial DNA was also detected in these same tissues, suggesting that xenogeneic "passenger leukocytes" harboring latent or active viral infections had migrated from the xenografts to distant sites within the human recipients, The persistence of SFV and BaEV in human recipients throughout the posttransplant period underscores the potential infectious risks associated with xenotransplantation. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Transplantat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Physiol & Med, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allan, JS (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, 7620 NW Loop 410 & Mil Dr, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI28273]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK029961-19] NR 12 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 10 BP 821 EP 824 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.821 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZW769 UT WOS:000074446500001 PM 9671210 ER PT J AU Spitz, HB Rajaretnam, G AF Spitz, HB Rajaretnam, G TI Analysis of coal slag for naturally occurring radioactive material SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE abrasive blasting; coal slag; naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM),; radium; radon ID BUILDING-MATERIALS; POWER-PLANTS; RADIONUCLIDES; EMANATION AB Samples of aerosolized coal slag were collected during an abrasive blasting operation to determine the concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the respirable and nonrespirable fractions. Each slag fraction was analyzed using alpha and gamma spectrometry. Since the slag is insoluble, it was necessary to dissolve samples completely by fusion with potassium fluoride and, after additional transposing and separation, mount the precipitate containing radium (Ra), the main radioactive component in NORM, on a membrane filter for alpha counting. The concentration of Ra-226 in coal slag was independent of the particle size fraction and equal to 2.28 picocuries/gram (pCi/g) +/- 0.43 pCi/g, which is approximately twice the typical concentration of NORM in uncontaminated soil. Analysis of NORM by gamma spectrometry identified low concentrations of uranium, thorium, and potassium, all primordial radioactive materials that are commonly encountered in normal background soil. Integral exposure to workers from inhalation of NORM during abrasive blasting with coal slag is extremely low and could be essentially eliminated by use of appropriate respiratory protection. External radiation exposure to workers handling large quantities of NORM-contaminated coal slag during shipping or storage is also low, but would vary depending on the concentration of NORM in the slag. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs R44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Spitz, HB (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs R44, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 7 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0471:AOCSFN>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 105QD UT WOS:000075084400008 PM 9697295 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Dorman, JS AF Khoury, MJ Dorman, JS TI The Human Genome Epidemiology Network SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Mailstop K28,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ247 UT WOS:000074710300001 PM 9663396 ER PT J AU Nisenbaum, R Reyes, M Mawle, AC Reeves, WC AF Nisenbaum, R Reyes, M Mawle, AC Reeves, WC TI Factor analysis of unexplained severe fatigue and interrelated symptoms - Overlap with criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-sectional studies; factor analysis, statistical; fatigue; fatigue syndrome, chronic ID WORKING CASE-DEFINITION AB The objective of this study was to identify factors explaining the correlations among unexplained severe fatigue of different durations (1-5 months or greater than or equal to 6 months) and symptoms reported as being significant health problems during a preceding 4-week period. Between June and December of 1994, a cross-sectional, random digit dialing telephone survey was conducted among residents of San Francisco, California. All subjects who reported having severe fatigue lasting for greater than or equal to 1 month and a random sample of nonfatigued subjects were asked to participate in a detailed telephone interview. Data from 1,510 individuals aged 18-60 years who did not have medical or psychiatric conditions that could explain their severe fatigue were analyzed. Common factor analyses identified three correlated factors (defined as "fatigue-mood-cognition" symptoms, "flu-type" symptoms, and "visual impairment") that explained the correlations among fatigue lasting for greater than or equal to 6 months and 14 interrelated symptoms. No factor explained the correlations among fatigue lasting for 1-5 months and other symptoms. The combination of fatigue of greater than or equal to 6 months' duration and selected symptoms overlaps with published criteria used to define cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Although symptoms described in this study were reported as appearing within the preceding month, and CFS symptoms must have been present for the previous 6 months, these results provide empirical support for the interrelations among unexplained fatigue of greater than or equal to 6 months' duration and symptoms included in the CFS case definition. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ247 UT WOS:000074710300011 PM 9663406 ER PT J AU Childs, JE McLafferty, SL Sadek, R Miller, GL Khan, AS DuPree, ER Advani, R Mills, JN Glass, GE AF Childs, JE McLafferty, SL Sadek, R Miller, GL Khan, AS DuPree, ER Advani, R Mills, JN Glass, GE TI Epidemiology of rodent bites and prediction of rat infestation in New York City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bites and stings; geography; information systems; rats; risk assessment; rodent control; urban health ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DOG BITES; CHILDREN AB The authors examined the epidemiology of rodent bites occurring in New York City from 1986 through 1994 to identify factors contributing to increased probability of rodent bite and rat infestation. City blocks on which a rodent bile case had been reported (n = 415) and three control blocks per bite block, matched by borough and randomly selected, were compared according to demographic characteristics obtained from US Census data. Environmental variables were defined using a geographic information system to extract distances to areas potentially providing food or refuge for rats, such as parks. Borough-specific models of bite risk were generated by logistic regression using data collected from 1991 to 1994; risk values were then generated for all city blocks. Field surveys for signs of rat infestation conducted on 31 randomly selected blocks indicated a significant association between degree of infestation and predicted risk. Spatial analyses comparing neighboring blocks showed that blocks with bite cases were significantly clustered. The models based on data from previous years correctly predicted 72 percent of 53 block addresses of rodent bite cases from 1995 as being locations of high or intermediate risk. A combination of geographic and epidemiologic analyses could help investigators identify the spatial occurrence of rat infestation over a large area and might help to focus control activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ247 UT WOS:000074710300012 PM 9663407 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Smith, SJ Stroup, D Williamson, GD Thacker, SB Olkin, I Lee, NC AF Steinberg, KK Smith, SJ Stroup, D Williamson, GD Thacker, SB Olkin, I Lee, NC TI Re: "Comparison of effect estimates from a meta-analysis of summary data from published studies and from a meta-analysis using individual patient data for ovarian cancer studies" - The authors reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ247 UT WOS:000074710300020 ER PT J AU Averhoff, F Mahoney, F Coleman, P Schatz, G Hurwitz, E Margolis, H AF Averhoff, F Mahoney, F Coleman, P Schatz, G Hurwitz, E Margolis, H TI Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines - Implications for persons at occupational risk of hepatitis B virus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccines; health care providers; occupational exposure; hepatitis B virus; vaccine therapy; decision analysis ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; VACCINATION; AGE; SAFETY AB Objectives: To assess risk factors for decreased immunogenicity among adults vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and to determine the importance of differences in immunogenicity between vaccines among health care workers (HCWs). Design: Randomized clinical trial and decision analysis. Participants: HCWs. Main Outcome Measures: Development of seroprotective levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and the number of expected chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections associated with lack of protection. Results: Overall, 88% of HCWs developed seroprotection. Risk factors associated with failure to develop seroprotection included increasing age, obesity, smoking, and male gender (P < .05). Presence of a chronic disease was associated with lack of seroprotection only among persons greater than or equal to 40 years of age (P <.05). The two vaccines studied differed in their overall seroprotection rates (90% vs. 86%; P < .05), however, this difference was restricted to persons greater than or equal to 40 years of age (87% vs. 81%; P < .01). Among HCWs greater than or equal to 40 years of age, the decision anal)sis found 44 (0.34/100,000 person-years) excess chronic HBV infections over the working life of the cohort associated with use of the less immunogenic vaccine compared to the other. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccines are highly immunogenic, but have decreased immunogenicity associated with increasing age, obesity, smoking, and male gender; and among older adults, the presence of a chronic disease. One of the two available vaccines is more immunogenic among older adults; however, this finding has little clinical or public health importance. Hepatitis B vaccines should be administered to persons at occupational risk for HBV infection early in their career, preferably while they are still in their training. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch,WHO, Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Averhoff, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00003-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZV692 UT WOS:000074331500001 PM 9651632 ER PT J AU Baldwin, G Frank, E Fielding, B AF Baldwin, G Frank, E Fielding, B TI US women physicians' residential radon testing practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physicians; physicians, women; radon; health behavior; health promotion; questionnaires ID LUNG-CANCER; RISK COMMUNICATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH PROMOTION; INDOOR RADON; EXPOSURE; PREVENTION; DISEASE AB Introduction: These analyses were designed to elucidate U.S. physicians' perception of residential radon risk, as measured by the prevalence of residential radon testing using a representative sample of U.S. women physicians from the Women Physicians' Health Study database. In addition, characteristics of women physicians who were more likely to have conducted a residential radon test were identified. Methods: A random sample (n = 4,501 respondents) of U.S. women physicians aged 30 to 70 was obtained in the Women Physicians' Health Study. Analyses were conducted using SUDAAN. Results: The overall prevalence of residential radon testing among respondents was 18%, 2- to 6-fold higher than any estimate of residential radon testing in the general population. The strongest relationship with radon testing observed through logistic regression was with marital status; age, ethnicity, and region of residence were also related. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that although U.S. women physicians are more likely to have conducted a personal residential radon test than the general population, 82% report not having done so. Increasing the awareness of physicians about the health risks associated with prolonged radon exposure will be essential if they are to play a role in addressing this important public health problem. C1 CHES, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CHES, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Baldwin, G (reprint author), CHES, Agcy Tox Subst, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32-HL-07034] NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00030-0 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZV692 UT WOS:000074331500007 PM 9651638 ER PT J AU Hurrell, JJ AF Hurrell, JJ TI Are you certain? Uncertainty, health, and safety in contemporary work SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID JOB C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hurrell, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1012 EP 1013 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.7.1012 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY340 UT WOS:000074610600002 PM 9663142 ER PT J AU McKenna, MT McCray, E Jones, JL Onorato, IM Castro, KG AF McKenna, MT McCray, E Jones, JL Onorato, IM Castro, KG TI The fall after the rise: Tuberculosis in the United States, 1991 through 1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; RATES AB Objectives. Factors associated with decreases in tuberculosis cases observed in the United States in 1993 and 1994 were analyzed. Methods. Changes in case counts reported to the national surveillance system were evaluated by dividing the number of incident cases of TB reported in 1993 and 1994 by the number of cases reported in 1991 and 1992 and stratifying these ratios by demographic factors, AIDS incidence, and changes in program performance. Results. Case counts decreased from 52 956 in 1991 and 1992 to 49 605 in 1993 and 1994 (case count ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93, 0.95). The decrease, confined to US-born patients, was generally associated with AIDS incidence and improvements in completion of therapy, conversion of sputum, and increases in the number of contacts identified per case. Conclusions. Recent TB epidemiology patterns suggest that improvements in treatment and control activities have contributed to the reversal in the resurgence of this disease in US-born persons. Continued success in preventing the occurrence of active TB will require sustained efforts to ensure appropriate treatment of cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Onorato, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1063 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.7.1059 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY340 UT WOS:000074610600014 PM 9663154 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Shilkret, KL Tranotti, J Freund, CG Finelli, L AF Liu, ZY Shilkret, KL Tranotti, J Freund, CG Finelli, L TI Distinct trends in tuberculosis morbidity among foreign-born and US-born persons in New Jersey, 1986 through 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; NEW-YORK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives. This study evaluated tuberculosis (TB) morbidity trends among foreign-born and US-born persons. Methods. TB surveillance data in New Jersey from 1986 to 1995 were analyzed. Results. The overall TB incidence rate in New jersey declined 15% from 1992 to 1995 after 7 years of increase. However, the incidence rate of TB in foreign-born persons increased 75% from 1986 through 1995. The proportion of foreign-born persons with TB increased from 20% in 1986 to 37% in 1995. Conclusions. TB morbidity among foreign-born persons has continued to increase, despite the decline in overall TB morbidity since 1992. Targeted TB prevention and control strategies should be developed to effectively reduce TB morbidity in foreign-born persons. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, POB 369,3635 Quakerbridge Rd, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM liu1106w@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1064 EP 1067 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.7.1064 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY340 UT WOS:000074610600015 PM 9663155 ER PT J AU Swain, GR Kowalewski, SJ Schubot, DB AF Swain, GR Kowalewski, SJ Schubot, DB TI Reducing the incidence of congenital syphilis in Milwaukee: A public/private partnership SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 City Milwaukee Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA USA. Wisconsin State Div Hlth, Milwaukee STD Program, Milwaukee, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Family & Community Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Swain, GR (reprint author), City Milwaukee Hlth Dept, 841 N Broadway,Room 102, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1101 EP 1102 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY340 UT WOS:000074610600024 PM 9663164 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Meneses, F Ramirez, M Ruiz, S Padilla, RP Sienra, JJ Gerber, M Grievink, L Dekker, R Walda, I Brunekreef, B AF Romieu, I Meneses, F Ramirez, M Ruiz, S Padilla, RP Sienra, JJ Gerber, M Grievink, L Dekker, R Walda, I Brunekreef, B TI Antioxidant supplementation and respiratory functions among workers exposed to high levels of ozone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; MEXICO-CITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; AMBIENT OZONE; BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-FUNCTION; PLASMA; INFLAMMATION; HUMANS; HEALTH AB Ozone exposure has been related to adverse respiratory effects, in particular to lung function decrements. Antioxidant vitamins are free-radical scavengers and could have a protective effect against photo-oxidant exposure. To evaluate whether acute effects of ozone on lung functions could be attenuated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation, we conducted a randomized trial using a double-blind crossover design. Street workers (n = 47) of Mexico City were randomly assigned to take daily a supplement (75 mg vitamin E, 650 mg vitamin C, 15 mg beta carotene) or a placebo and were followed from March to August 1996. Pulmonary function tests were done twice a week at the end of the workday. During the follow-up, the mean l-h maximum ozone level was 123 ppb (SD = 40). During the first phase, ozone levels were inversely associated with FVC (beta = -1.60 ml/ppb), FEV1 (beta = -2.11 ml/ppb), and FEF25-75 (beta = -4.92 ml/ppb) (p < 0.05) in the placebo group but not in the supplement group. The difference between the two groups was significant for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 (p < 0.01). During the second phase, similar results were observed, but the lung function decrements in the placebo group were smaller, suggesting that the supplementation may have had a residual protective effect on the lung. These results need to be confirmed in larger supplementation studies. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicada & Sistemas, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Infantil Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. CRLC, INSERM, Grp Epidemiol Metab, Montpellier, France. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Environm Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-F46,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iai9@cdc.gov OI brunekreef, bert/0000-0001-9908-0060 NR 34 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 158 IS 1 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZZ451 UT WOS:000074730700037 PM 9655734 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Introduction to the presidential address - Richard Guerrant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000001 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Raising awareness of and identifying opportunities to address tropical infectious diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000003 PM 9684619 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Richardson, BB Morris, CL Sullivan, JS Galand, GG AF Collins, WE Richardson, BB Morris, CL Sullivan, JS Galand, GG TI Salvador II strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus monkeys and mosquitoes for transmission-blocking vaccine trials SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; SANTA-LUCIA STRAIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE TRANSMISSION; NANCYMAI MONKEYS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HUMAN MALARIA; OWL MONKEYS; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNIZATION AB Infections with the Salvador II strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus lemurinus griseimambra monkeys were fed upon by Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. Periods of mosquito infectivity were determined to establish a model system for the testing of transmission-blocking vaccines;The highest levels of mosquito infection were associated with the ascending asexual parasitemia after reaching 1,000/mu l, and before the peak asexual parasite count. Sporozoite-induced infections were more infectious than were trophozoite-induced infections. Secondary episodes of parasitemia were also infectious, indicating the lack of development of naturally developing transmission-blocking immunity to this strain of P. vivax in splenectomized Aotus monkeys following single infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000006 PM 9684622 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA David, JR Freire, M David, R Sherlock, I Eulalio, MD Sampaio, DP Badaro, R AF Ashford, DA David, JR Freire, M David, R Sherlock, I Eulalio, MD Sampaio, DP Badaro, R TI Studies on control of visceral leishmaniasis: Impact of dog control on canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENDEMIC AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLOMBIA; FRANCE; SOUTH; ISLE; ELBA AB To assess the effect of removing leishmania-infected dogs on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis, a controlled intervention study was performed in northeast Brazil. The attempted elimination of seropositive dogs resulted in an initial significant decrease in the annual incidence of seroconversion among dogs from 36% to 6% over the first two years. In the following two ye:ars, the incidence increased to 11% and 14%, respectively. In a control area in which dogs were surveyed but seropositive dogs were not removed, the cumulative incidence did not vary significantly from year to year, ranging from 16% to 27%. In the intervention area, the prevalence of dog seropositivity decreased from 36% before the intervention to 10% and remained stable. These findings suggest that attempting to remove seropositive dogs is insufficient as a measure for eradicating visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. However, the force of transmission of infection among dogs can be reduced by such programs. Also, when the number of human cases before and after the start of the intervention was calculated, a significant decrease in incidence of disease in the intervention area was observed among children less than 15 years of age (P < 0.01). The results of this intervention study suggest that the elimination of the majority of seropositive dogs may affect the cumulative incidence of seroconversion in dogs temporarily and may also diminish the incidence of human cases of visceral leishmaniasis. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, New York, NY USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16305-13] NR 25 TC 117 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000012 PM 9684628 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, KL Rollin, PE Peters, CJ AF Hutchinson, KL Rollin, PE Peters, CJ TI Pathogenesis of a North American hantavirus, Black Creek Canal virus, in experimentally infected Sigmodon hispidus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; RATS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; BALTIMORE; DISEASE AB This report describes the first detailed analysis of the replication, persistence, and excretion of a North American hantavirus in its natural rodent reservoir. Black Creek Canal virus was isolated from Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat) shortly after the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case occurring in southern Florida. Six-week-old male cotton rats were inoculated subcutaneously with 1,000 tissue culture infectious doses. Viral complementary RNA (vcRNA) was quantified as a means of determining the site(s) of viral activity (transcription and replication), in the first few weeks post inoculation (pi), vcRNA was detectable in every tissue examined except blood. The quantities of vcRNA decreased over time, and by five months pi it could be detected only in the brain. In addition to using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) as a means of measuring viral replication/ transcription, attempts were made to reisolate virus from all tissue samples taken. Virus could be isolated from every solid tissue examined, and the titers appeared to decrease over time, similar to the QPCR results. However, in contrast to the QPCR results, infectious virus was still routinely detectable at low levels in adrenal gland, liver, kidney, and testicle 150 days pi. Although results of testing for vcRNA in the blood were uniformly negative, infectious virus was detected at one week pi, reached highest titers at two weeks, and decreased dramatically by three weeks. After three weeks pi, infectious virus could only be detected sporadically in blood. Virus was isolated from urine collected during the first 70 days pi and throughout the entire study period in feces and wet bedding. These data indicate that the viral infection can be separated into an acute phase associated with high virus titers, and a chronic or persistent phase associated with lower virus titers and continued shedding of virus in excreta. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchinson, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000013 PM 9684629 ER PT J AU Siano, JP Grady, KK Millet, P Wick, TM AF Siano, JP Grady, KK Millet, P Wick, TM TI Short report: Plasmodium falciparum: Cytoadherence to alpha(v)beta(3) on human microvascular endothelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; IDENTIFICATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SEQUESTRATION; RECEPTOR; ANTIGEN AB Sequestration of infected erythrocytes in brain microvasculature contributes to cerebral malaria, a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Sequestration likely involves cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes to cerebral microvascular endothelium. Elucidation of the receptors and ligands involved in cytoadherence will likely contribute to a more complete understanding of malaria pathophysiology. The integrin receptor alpha(v)beta(3) is involved in several physiologic and pathologic adherence processes, but its role in cytoadherence has not been investigated. In this study, the ability of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum to adhere to alpha(v)beta(3) on human microvascular endothelium was investigated. Cytoadherence was quantified under continuous flow at a shear stress of 1.0 dyne/cm(2) to mimic shear forces in the cerebral microcirculation. Adherence of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum to human microvascular endothelial cells nias 7-270-fold greater than uninfected erythrocytes. Pretreatment of microvascular endothelial cells with anti-alpha(v) antibody inhibited P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adherence by 45 +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM). These data suggest that in addition to other endothelial receptors previously described, P. falciparum parasitized red blood cells may bind to the integrin alpha(v)beta(3) on microvascular endothelial cells. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Ctr Rene Labusquiere, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. RP Siano, JP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, 778 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Wick, Timothy/0000-0001-8922-0939 NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000016 PM 9684632 ER PT J AU Rawlings, JA Hendricks, KA Burgess, CR Campman, RM Clark, GG Tabony, LJ Patterson, MA AF Rawlings, JA Hendricks, KA Burgess, CR Campman, RM Clark, GG Tabony, LJ Patterson, MA TI Dengue surveillance in Texas, 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PUERTO-RICO; RISK; ENCEPHALITIS; SEROTYPE AB Dengue epidemics have been occurring in the Caribbean and Central and South America, including Mexico. In 1995, the proximity of these epidemics increased the possibility of cases occurring in Texas. In response, medical and community educational materials were distributed and active surveillance for dengue cases was initiated. By the end of the year, sera from more than 360 patients were tested for anti-dengue antibody. Twenty-nine cases were detected statewide; seven cases in southern Texas were locally acquired. C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Harlingen, TX 78550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Rawlings, JA (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000019 PM 9684635 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Fraire, M Navarro, R Zepeda, C Zarate, ML Ludwig, GV Kondig, JF Weaver, SC Smith, JF Rico-Hesse, R AF Oberste, MS Fraire, M Navarro, R Zepeda, C Zarate, ML Ludwig, GV Kondig, JF Weaver, SC Smith, JF Rico-Hesse, R TI Association of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE with two equine epizootics in Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; GUATEMALA; MUTATIONS; ANTIBODY; VACCINE; COMPLEX; NSP3 AB Two outbreaks of encephalitis consistent with an etiology of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus occurred in equines on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico in 1993 (Chiapas State) and in 1996 (Oaxaca State). In Chiapas, there were 125 cases, of which 63 were fatal and in Oaxaca, there were 32 cases and 12 fatalities. Virus was isolated from two horses from each outbreak, including three brain isolates and one from blood. Virus isolates (93-42124, ISET-Chi93, Oax131, and Oax142) were shown by indirect immunofluorescence, hemagglutination inhibition, monoclonal antibody ELISA, and nucleotide sequencing to be VEE virus, subtype LE, a type previously thought to be equine-avirulent. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the outbreak viruses were identical or nearly identical to one another and that they were closely related to equine-avirulent LE strains from Guatemala and the Gulf coast of Mexico. In a plaque-reduction neutralization test, sera collected from healthy horses in Chiapas and Oaxaca reacted significantly better with isolate 93-42124 than with Guatemala IE isolate 68U201, suggesting that subtle genetic changes may have resulted in alteration of neutralization domains. It is not clear whether these differences may also influence equine virulence. However, renewed VEE virus subtype IE activity in Mexico, and its apparent conversion to equine virulence, underscores the need for increased surveillance, additional laboratory and epidemiologic studies in VEE-endemic regions, and possibly new vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Mexico Exot Anim Dis Commiss, Mexico City 05110, DF, Mexico. US Mexico Exot Anim Dis Commiss, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Inst Salud & Enfermedades Trop, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/C-5294-2011; Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 OI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/0000-0001-6216-1000; FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01124] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000020 PM 9684636 ER PT J AU Lobel, HO Varma, JK Miani, M Green, M Todd, GD Grady, K Barber, AM AF Lobel, HO Varma, JK Miani, M Green, M Todd, GD Grady, K Barber, AM TI Monitoring for mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa: Implications for travelers' health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TERM MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS; CHLOROQUINE; KENYA AB The effectiveness of mefloquine to prevent malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is influenced by the sensitivity of the malaria parasites to this drug. Concern has been raised that resistance to mefloquine may develop in sub-Saharan Africa as has been observed in Southeast Asia. Case reports, along with blood smears to confirm the diagnosis and blood samples to determine the mefloquine concentration, were provided on any Peace Corps volunteer serving in sub-Saharan Africa who was diagnosed with malaria. We defined prophylaxis failures probably due to mefloquine resistance as patients with P. falciparum malaria confirmed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported compliance with prophylaxis, no ingestion of mefloquine between date of illness onset and date of blood drawing, and a mefloquine level greater than or equal to 620 ng/ml in blood drawn within five days of onset of illness. Between January 1, 1991 and September 6, 1996, 44 (31%) of 140 volunteers with confirmed P. falciparum had blood drawn within five days of onset of illness. Twenty-nine (66%) had not fully complied with prophylaxis. Five of 15 prophylaxis failures in four countries had mefloquine levels greater than or equal to 620 ng/ml. Failure of mefloquine prophylaxis is primarily due to noncompliance. Evidence of probable resistance to mefloquine among strains of P. falciparum was found in five Peace Corps volunteers in sub-Saharan Africa. Clusters of well-documented prophylaxis failures need to be followed-up by therapeutic in vivo studies to document parasite resistance to mefloquine. Reduced sensitivity to mefloquine does not (yet) appear to be a significant problem in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Peace Corps, Off Med Serv, Washington, DC 20526 USA. RP Lobel, HO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZZ953 UT WOS:000074786000024 PM 9684640 ER PT J AU Cherry, D Annest, JL Mercy, JA Kresnow, MJ Pollock, DA AF Cherry, D Annest, JL Mercy, JA Kresnow, MJ Pollock, DA TI Trends in nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injury rates in the United States, 1985-1995 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA SYSTEM; GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; VIOLENCE; SURVEILLANCE; INSTITUTION; EMERGENCY; HANDGUNS; SUICIDE; HOME AB Study objective: To characterize trends in annual estimates of nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments and to compare trends in quarterly rates of such injuries with those of firearm-related fatalities in the US population. Methods: Data on nonfatal firearm-related injuries were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) by review of medical records for June 1, 1992, through May 31, 1995. Data on firearm-related fatalities were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System for January 1, 1985, through December 31, 1995. NEISS comprises 91 hospitals that represent a stratified probability sample of all hospitals in the United States and its territories that have at least six beds and provide 24-hour emergency service. The main outcome measures were numbers, percentages, and quarterly population rates for nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injuries. Results: An estimated 288,538 nonfatal firearm-related injuries (95% confidence interval [CI], 169,776 to 407,300) were treated in EDs during the 3-year study period. The annual number of nonfatal firearm-related injuries increased from 99,025 for June 1992 through May 1993 (95% CI, 58,266 to 139,784) to 101,669 for June 1993 through May 1994 (95% CI, 59,822 to 143,516), then decreased to 87,844 for June 1994 through May 1995 (95% CI, 51,687 to 124,001). Before the third quarter of 1993, quarterly nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injury rates in the total US population and quarterly nonfatal firearm assaultive injury and firearm homicide rates for males aged 15 to 24 years were observed to be on the rise. Since then, these rates have significantly declined. Conclusion: Analysis of national trends indicates that nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injuries are declining in the United States, although the rate of firearm-related deaths remains high, especially among males aged 15 to 24 years, in relation to other leading causes of injury death. An assessment of factors responsible for the decline in firearm-related injuries is needed to design further prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70099-X PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA ZX202 UT WOS:000074489600009 PM 9656949 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI Deja vu all over again: The re-analysis of epidemiologic data SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BODY-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; INTERSALT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 8 IS 5 BP 286 EP 288 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZX194 UT WOS:000074488800002 PM 9669610 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Sulaiman, I Lal, AA AF Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Sulaiman, I Lal, AA TI Giardia sp. cysts and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the feces of migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULLS; LARUS; HOST AB Fecal droppings of migratory Canada geese, Branta canadensis, collected from nine sites near the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were found in feces at seven of nine sites, and Giardia cysts were found at all nine sites. The oocysts from three sites were infectious for mice and molecularly identified as the zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum. Waterfowl can disseminate infectious C. parvum oocysts in the environment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Immun & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu NR 18 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 64 IS 7 BP 2736 EP 2738 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZY646 UT WOS:000074644700066 PM 9647860 ER PT J AU Ross, JW Miller, G Myers, GL Praestgaard, J AF Ross, JW Miller, G Myers, GL Praestgaard, J TI The accuracy of laboratory measurements in clinical chemistry - A study of 11 routine chemistry analytes in the College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey with fresh frozen serum, definitive methods, and reference methods SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; SURVEY PROGRAM; TARGET VALUES; URIC-ACID; CREATININE; GLUCOSE; ERROR; UREA AB Context.-Better procedures are needed whereby national proficiency testing survey providers can assess and improve the accuracy of laboratory measurements in clinical chemistry. Setting.-The 1994 College of American Pathologists Comprehensive Chemistry Survey. Design.-This study of matrix effects and the accuracy of laboratory measurements for 11 analytes linked the logistics of the Survey to definitive methods at the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, reference methods at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, proficiency testing materials, and a fresh frozen serum sample. The data were analyzed with a statistical model of laboratory measurements. Results.-(1) Matrix biases affected the results reported from 69% of the 644 peer group/survey specimen pairs evaluated. (2) Because of matrix biases, the reference value was the correct target value only 32% of the time; thus, the traceability established by definitive method and reference method value assignments on Chemistry Survey specimens did not assure accuracy on patient samples. (3) In contrast to matrix biases, the error caused by random matrix effects with proficiency testing samples was about the same as that caused by random specimen effects with fresh frozen serum, and both were less than within-run random analytic error. (4) Calibration biases occurred in 73% of the 180 peer groups evaluated, and, after matrix biases were removed, the total variance of interlaboratory measurements was due to peer group calibration bias (48%), within-peer-group random calibration error (31%), within-run random error (14%), and random specimen effects (7%). Conclusions.-An opportunity exists to improve method calibration accuracy in clinical chemistry. With improved design, national proficiency testing surveys can monitor and help reduce method calibration error by converting reported survey results to a true accuracy base that predicts accuracy on patient samples. For medical purposes, the correct target values on artificial (matrix-modified) chemistry materials are reference values adjusted for the matrix bias of each peer group. Matrix biases estimated by the use of fresh frozen serum can be used as factors to transfer the accuracy of definitive methods from artificial reference materials to patient samples. C1 Promina Kennestone Hosp, Dept Pathol & Clin Labs, Marietta, GA 30060 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia Hosp, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. RP Ross, JW (reprint author), Promina Kennestone Hosp, Dept Pathol & Clin Labs, 677 Church St, Marietta, GA 30060 USA. NR 47 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 122 IS 7 BP 587 EP 608 PG 22 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA ZZ748 UT WOS:000074763200008 PM 9674541 ER PT J AU Shefer, A AF Shefer, A TI Don't compromise the medical home - In reply SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shefer, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 152 IS 7 BP 714 EP 715 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZY334 UT WOS:000074610000022 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Jeyarajah, EJ Barboriak, JJ Anderson, AJ Walker, JA AF Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Jeyarajah, EJ Barboriak, JJ Anderson, AJ Walker, JA TI Relation of lipoprotein subclasses as measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to coronary artery disease SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; coronary disease; angiography; lipoproteins; lipoprotein subfractions ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; LDL SUBFRACTIONS; RISK FACTOR; MEN; WOMEN; ASSOCIATIONS AB Although each of the major lipoprotein fractions is composed of various subclasses that may differ in atherogenicity, the importance of this heterogeneity has been difficult to ascertain owing to the labor-intensive nature of subclass measurement methods. We have recently developed a procedure, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to simultaneously quantify levels of subclasses of very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high density (I-IDL) lipoproteins; subclass distributions determined with this method agree well with those derived by gradient gel electrophoresis. The objective of the current study of 158 men was to examine whether NMR-derived Lipoprotein subclass levels Improve the prediction of arteriographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) when levels of Lipids and lipoproteins are known. We found that a global measure of CAD severity was positively associated with levels of large VLDL and small HDL particles and inversely associated with intermediate size HDL particles; these associations were independent of age and standard lipid measurements. At comparable lipid and lipoprotein levels, for example, men with relatively high (higher than the median) levels of either small HDL or large VLDL particles were three to four times more likely to have extensive CAD than were the other men; the 27 men with high levels of both large VLDL and small HDL were 15 times more likely to have extensive CAD than were men with low levels. In contrast, adjustment for levels of triglycerides or HDL cholesterol greatly reduced the relation of small LDL particles to CAD. These findings suggest that large VLDL and small HDL particles may play important roles in the development of occlusive disease and that their measurement: which is not possible with routine lipid testing, may lead to more accurate risk assessment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Milwaukee Vet Adm Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. St Lukes Hosp, Milwaukee, WI 53215 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC MS-K26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Dxf1@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL28692, R01-HL29011, R01-HL43230] NR 54 TC 224 Z9 228 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1046 EP 1053 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZZ718 UT WOS:000074760100004 PM 9672064 ER PT J AU Koenig, LJ Gladstone, TRG AF Koenig, LJ Gladstone, TRG TI Pubertal development and school transition - Influences on depressive symptoms in middle and late adolescents SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; GIRLS; VALIDITY; IMPACT; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE AB The impact of simultaneous changes in biological and social context on the mental health of adolescents was examined by testing the hypothesis that normative developmental transitions can be associated with increased dysphoria if they occur in close temporal proximity. Girls experiencing physical changes associated with middle or later stage pubertal development during the initial high school or college year were predicted to experience more dysphoria than those experiencing these changes during non-transitional times, with negative pubertal attitudes exacerbating the relation. Pubertal status and dysphoria of high school and college students were assessed. Among females experiencing pubertal changes, dysphoria was indeed highest for the 15 and 19 year olds, and lower for the 16, 17, and 18 year olds with females viewing menstrual onset as negative experienced depressive symptoms of moderate clinical severity. This pattern did not emerge for males, or females not experiencing pubertal changes. In contrast, the hypothesis was not supported when transition time was operationalized using grade level. Implications for psychopathology risk are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Social & Behav Studies Sect, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koenig, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Social & Behav Studies Sect, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 335 EP 357 DI 10.1177/01454455980223008 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA ZY830 UT WOS:000074665500008 PM 9670805 ER PT J AU Granoff, DM Maslanka, SE Carlone, GM Plikaytis, BD Santos, GF Mokatrin, A Raff, HV AF Granoff, DM Maslanka, SE Carlone, GM Plikaytis, BD Santos, GF Mokatrin, A Raff, HV TI A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibody responses to meningococcal C polysaccharide that correlate with bactericidal responses SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-B; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IGG1; CHILDREN; DISEASE; AVIDITY; SAFETY AB The standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to meningococcal C polysaccharide has been modified to employ assay conditions that ensure specificity and favor detection primarily of high-avidity antibodies. The modified and standard assays were used to measure IgG antibody concentrations in sera of toddlers vaccinated with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. The results were compared to the respective complement-mediated bactericidal antibody titers. In sera obtained after one or two doses of vaccine, the correlation coefficients, r, for the results of the standard assay and bactericidal antibody titers were 0.45 and 0.29, compared to 0.85 and 0.87, respectively, for the modified assay. With the standard assay, there were no significant differences between the geometric mean antibody responses of the two vaccine groups. In contrast, with the modified assay, 5- to 20-fold higher postvaccination antibody concentrations were measured in the conjugate than in the polysaccharide group. Importantly, the results of the modified assay, but not the standard ELISA, paralleled the respective geometric mean bactericidal antibody titers. Thus, by employing conditions that favor detection of higher-avidity IgG antibody, the modified ELISA provides results that correlate closely with measurements of antibody functional activity that are thought to be important in protection against meningococcal disease. C1 Chiron Vaccines, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Granoff, DM (reprint author), Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton St,R-311, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. NR 26 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZY123 UT WOS:000074588900011 PM 9665952 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, M Vij, A Kumar, R Das, BK Gentsch, JR Bhan, MK Glass, RI AF Ramachandran, M Vij, A Kumar, R Das, BK Gentsch, JR Bhan, MK Glass, RI TI Lack of maternal antibodies to P serotypes may predispose neonates to infections with unusual rotavirus strains SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEWBORN-INFANTS; 4TH GENE; VACCINE; RESPONSES; SERUM AB Rotavirus (RV) strains infecting newborns often have unique neutralization antigens (P serotypes) on their outer capsids that are distinct from those found on RV strains that cause diarrhea in older children. We examined the hypothesis that unusual RV strains preferentially infect newborns because the newborns lack maternal neutralizing antibodies to these strains. To test this hypothesis, sera and saliva samples collected from neonates infected,vith 116E-like (P[11]G9) strains in the maternity ward of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) hospital in New Delhi were tested for neutralizing antibodies against common RV strains and those infecting newborns and these titers were compared with those of newborns who did not become infected (controls). The infected neonates had significantly lower levels of cord blood neutralizing antibodies to 116E than the controls, suggesting that immunity to neonatal RV infection is acquired transplacentally through maternal antibodies. Further, this study confirmed the immunogenicity of the AIIMS neonatal strain 116E, a vaccine candidate, in its ability to evoke a potent RV-specific immunoglobulin A and neutralizing antibody response in serum and saliva among the infected babies, Our findings have important implications for the development of an effective RV vaccine. In India, where G9 strains are common in the community, the use of 116E as a vaccine, together with the rhesus tetravalent vaccine, may provide a broader protection against all the circulating RV serotypes, including serotype G9, which is not represented in the current rhesus RV tetravalent vaccine (G1-G4). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol, New Delhi, India. RP Ramachandran, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mfr4@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZY123 UT WOS:000074588900020 PM 9665961 ER PT J AU Somers, VAMC Leimbach, DA Theunissen, PHMH Murtagh, JJ Holloway, B Ambergen, AW Thunnissen, FBJM AF Somers, VAMC Leimbach, DA Theunissen, PHMH Murtagh, JJ Holloway, B Ambergen, AW Thunnissen, FBJM TI Validation of the Point-EXACCT method in non-small cell lung carcinomas SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID K-RAS ONCOGENE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA-POLYMERASE; MUTATIONS; ADENOCARCINOMA; CANCER; GENE; ACTIVATION; AMPLIFICATION; LINES AB K-ras point mutations are often detected in part of the lung carcinomas. For the validation of a highly sensitive and rapid assay for known point mutations, Point-EXACCT (Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1379:42-52), we analyzed 89 non-small cell lung carcinomas and compared the results with two sequencing methods. No point mutations were found with double-stranded sequencing. Single-stranded sequencing detected six patients positive for K-ms codon 12. When Point-EXACCT was used, K-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in 8 of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 10 of 29 patients with adenocarcinomas, and 3 of 8 patients with large cell carcinomas. The finding of K-rns mutations in squamous cell carcinomas is explained by the high sensitivity of the method. Therefore, Point-EXACCT may be applicable to detection of those alterations occurring at a low frequency among an excess of cells with wild-type DNA. C1 Maastricht Univ, Dept Pathol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. De Wever Hosp, Dept Pathol, NL-6401 CX Heerlen, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maastricht Univ, Dept Methodol & Stat, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Somers, VAMC (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Dept Pathol, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1404 EP 1409 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZX975 UT WOS:000074574200007 PM 9665416 ER PT J AU Burke, W Press, N McDonnell, SM AF Burke, W Press, N McDonnell, SM TI Hemochromatosis: genetics helps to define a multifactorial disease SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Review ID PORPHYRIA-CUTANEA-TARDA; UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ENZYMATIC DEFECT; BLOOD-DONORS; FIBROSIS; DISCRIMINATION; PREVALENCE AB Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder that can result in iron overload and a wide range of clinical complications, including hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, hypopituitarism, hypogonadism, arthritis, and cardiomyopathy. People with HH can be detected at an asymptomatic stage of the disease by abnormalities in serum iron measures. Early detection is desirable, because periodic phlebotomy provides effective treatment for iron overload and may prevent complications of the disorder. The natural history of HH is poorly understood, however, and the proportion of people detected by screening who will develop serious complications of HH is unknown. The genetics of HH may help to resolve these questions. The gene, HFE, and two mutations, C282Y and H63D, have been identified; the C282Y mutation has a higher penetrance than the H63D mutation, and appears to result in a greater loss of HFE protein function, Most people with HH are C282Y homozygotes, a small proportion are compound heterozygotes or H63D homozygotes, and some have no identifiable HFE mutation ol are HFE heterozygotes, suggesting that additional mutations associated with HH are yet to be found. Gender and environmental agents, such as alcohol and dietary iron, influence phenotypic expression of HH. The severity of HH is thus determined by an interaction between genotype and modifying factors. HFE mutations also appear to increase the likelihood of iron overload in inherited anemias and to promote the clinical manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda. HPI is an important paradigm for medical genetics because it offers an opportunity to explore the complexity of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. (C) Munksgaard, 1998. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Box 354765,4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM wburke@u.washington.edu NR 70 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 108TU UT WOS:000075282200001 PM 9727731 ER PT J AU Zurawski, CA Bardsley, MS Beall, B Elliott, JA Facklam, R Schwartz, B Farley, MM AF Zurawski, CA Bardsley, MS Beall, B Elliott, JA Facklam, R Schwartz, B Farley, MM TI Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: A population-based assessment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; NURSING-HOME; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; GENES AB Active, population-based surveillance for invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease was conducted in laboratories in metropolitan Atlanta from 1 January 1994 through 30 June 1995. Clinical and laboratory records were reviewed and isolates characterized. One hundred and eighty-three cases of invasive GAS disease were identified (annual incidence, 5.2 cases/100,000). The incidence was highest among blacks (9.7/100,000 per year; relative risk (RR), 1.92; confidence interval (CI), 1.69-2.19; P <.0001) and the elderly, particularly nursing home residents (RR, 13.66; CI, 7.07-26.40; P <.0001). The mean age of patients was 41.3 years (range, 0-95 years). Skin and soft-tissue infections were most common. Mortality was 14.4%; risk of death was significantly higher for patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) (RR, 9.73; CI, 3.34-29; P =.0008) and individuals infected with M-type 1 (RR, 7.40; CI, 1.5-16; P =.0084). Fourteen percent of invasive GAS infections were STSS and 3% were necrotizing fasciitis. Invasive GAS disease was associated with varicella infection in children (RR, 12.19; CI, 5.58-26.62; P <.0001). M (or emm) types included hll (16%), M12 (12%), and M3 (11%). Continued study of GAS disease is essential to further define risk factors and the risk of secondary cases and to develop effective prevention strategies. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farley, MM (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 29 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1086/514632 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZZ690 UT WOS:000074756900029 PM 9675469 ER PT J AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ TI Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOSQUITO CELL-CULTURES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTION ENHANCEMENT; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; HEALTH PROBLEM; TYPE-4 VIRUS; TRANSMISSION AB Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple serotypes), and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. In 1998 this mosquito-borne disease is the most important tropical infectious disease after malaria, with an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths annually. The reasons for this resurgence and emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the waning years of the 20th century are complex and not fully understood but demographic, societal, and public health infrastructure changes in the past 30 years have contributed greatly. This paper reviews the changing epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever by geographic region, the natural history and transmission cycles, clinical diagnosis of both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, serologic and virologic laboratory diagnoses, pathogenesis, surveillance prevention, and control. A major challenge for public health officials in all tropical areas of the world is to devleop and implement sustainable prevention and control programs that will reverse the trend of emergent dengue hemorrhagic fever. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM djg2@cdc.gov NR 155 TC 1364 Z9 1454 U1 21 U2 277 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 480 EP + PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZZ289 UT WOS:000074714500006 PM 9665979 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, A TI Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease in the United States: Shifting paradigms SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; SINGLE-DOSE PENICILLIN; NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; VAGINAL COLONIZATION; PREMATURE RUPTURE; III POLYSACCHARIDE AB Since its emergence 25 years ago, group B streptococcus has become recognized as a cause of serious illness in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with chronic medical conditions. Heavy colonization of the genital tract with group B streptococcus also increases the risk that a woman will deliver a preterm low-birthweight infant. Early-onset infections (occurring at <7 days of age) are associated with much lower fatality than when they were first described and their incidence is finally decreasing as the use of preventive antibiotics during childbirth increases among women at risk. New serotypes of group B streptococcus have emerged as important pathogens in adults and newborns Clinical and laboratory practices-in obstetrics, pediatrics, and clinical microbiology-have an impact on disease and/or its prevention, and protocols established at the institutional level appear to be critical tools: for the reduction of perinatal disease due to group B streptococcus. Since intrapartum antibiotics will prevent at best only a portion of the full burden of group B streptococcal disease, critical developments in vaccine evaluation, including study of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, offer the potential for enhanced prevention in the relatively near future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ASC1@CDC.GOV NR 193 TC 349 Z9 369 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 497 EP + PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZZ289 UT WOS:000074714500007 PM 9665980 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Unger, ER Reeves, WC AF Vernon, SD Unger, ER Reeves, WC TI Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN OBSTETRICS GYNECOLOGY AND FERTILITY LA English DT Review ID RETINOBLASTOMA GENE-PRODUCT; ATYPICAL SQUAMOUS CELLS; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; LONG CONTROL REGION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; E2 GENE; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; CARCINOMA CELLS AB Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted infections, and at least 35 different HPV types infect the anogenital mucosa. Only a few of these anogenital HPV types-for example, HPV 16 and 18-have been consistently associated with cervical cancer and thus have been characterized as high-risk HPV types. Those that are associated with benign lesions-for example HPV G and 11-are characterized as low-risk types. Types without well-established clinical associations are grouped on the basis of genetic similarity to known high-risk or low-risk HPV types. Because cervical cancer develops over a number of years from precursor lesions that also contain the same HPV types as those detected in invasive disease, it is important to understand factors other than HPV that influence malignant conversion, The human papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that infect and replicate in the nuclei of squamous epithelial cells. Viral transcription, translation, and replication are tightly linked to the differentiation state of the cell. The tight linkage of viral replication to terminal differentiation has made tissue culture propagation of the virus difficult. Nevertheless, molecular biology techniques have allowed the study and functional analysis of most of the 8 viral proteins to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of HPV. Infection with oncogenic HPV types is not sufficient to cause cervical cancer Many more women are infected with high-risk HPV types than will ever develop preinvasive or invasive disease. We now know that numerous host factors influence the development and persistence of papillomavirus-induced lesions. Immune recognition of the virus governs the host's resistance to the development of cervical cancer. Polymorphisms in host tumor suppressor proteins may determine genetic susceptibility to the development of HPV-associated cervical cancel: Both viral and host factors need to be taken into account when considering the role of E-IPV in cervical cancer screening, treatment, and prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity of FDA-approved HPV tests does not warrant basing cervical disease screening and treatment solely on HPV testing. In addition, characterization of HPV type does not adequately reflect the potential oncogenic impact of the infection and has made HPV typing unreliable for prognosis. We must determine the role of other factors besides HPV type, such as viral integration and transcription, in addition to host factors to effectively use HPV in the clinical evaluation and management of women in cervical cancer screening and treatment. Given the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer, vaccination against HPV may be a more effective method of disease control than Pap smear screening. Despite the gaps in our knowledge of the natural history of HPV and the role of the immune response to HPV, both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine trials are underway. The expediency of the vaccine trials likely reflects the current lack of effective alternatives for the prevention or treatment of HPV-associated cervical disease. The pursuit of current and future HPV vaccine strategies will continue in parallel with our increasing understanding of the biology of infection and mechanisms of HPV oncogenesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 143 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 8756-0410 J9 CURR PROB OBST GYN F JI Curr. Probl. Obstet. Gynecol. Fertil. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 21 IS 4 BP 104 EP + PG 23 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 124HK UT WOS:000076176200002 ER PT J AU Morse, SA AF Morse, SA TI About the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800001 ER PT J AU Broome, CV AF Broome, CV TI Effective global response to emerging infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Broome, CV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800003 PM 9716944 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Addressing emerging infectious disease threats - Accomplishments and future plans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 360 EP 361 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800004 PM 9716945 ER PT J AU Drotman, DP AF Drotman, DP TI Emerging infectious diseases: A brief biographical heritage SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Drotman, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 372 EP 373 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800007 PM 9716948 ER PT J AU Perkins, BA Relman, D AF Perkins, BA Relman, D TI Explaining the unexplained in clinical infectious diseases: Looking forward SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Palo Alto VA Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Perkins, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 395 EP 397 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800012 PM 9716953 ER PT J AU Mawle, AC AF Mawle, AC TI Vaccine-preventable diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mawle, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800014 PM 9716955 ER PT J AU Cetron, M Keystone, J Shlim, D Steffen, R AF Cetron, M Keystone, J Shlim, D Steffen, R TI Travelers' health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Toronto Hosp, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Canadian Int Water & Energy Consultants, Clin Travel Med Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal. Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Travelers Hlth, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cetron, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800015 PM 9716956 ER PT J AU Castro, KG AF Castro, KG TI Global tuberculosis challenges SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800016 PM 9716957 ER PT J AU Chamberland, ME Epstein, J Dodd, RY Persing, D Will, RG DeMaria, A Emmanuel, JC Pierce, B Khabbaz, R AF Chamberland, ME Epstein, J Dodd, RY Persing, D Will, RG DeMaria, A Emmanuel, JC Pierce, B Khabbaz, R TI Blood safety SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Amer Red Cross, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Western Gen Hosp, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Hemophilia Fdn, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Chamberland, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800017 PM 9716958 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Roselle, G Sepkowitz, K AF Kaplan, JE Roselle, G Sepkowitz, K TI Opportunistic infections in immunodeficient populations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800021 PM 9716962 ER PT J AU McNicholl, J AF McNicholl, J TI Host genes and infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID CHRONIC LYME ARTHRITIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; PUUMALA-HANTAVIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION; BONE-DENSITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; HLA-DR4; ALLELES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNicholl, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800022 PM 9716963 ER PT J AU Cookson, S Waldman, R Gushulak, B MacPherson, D Burkle, F Paquet, C Kliewer, E Walker, P AF Cookson, S Waldman, R Gushulak, B MacPherson, D Burkle, F Paquet, C Kliewer, E Walker, P TI Immigrant and refugee health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ing Org Migrat, Geneva, Switzerland. St Josephs Hosp, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Epicentre, Paris, France. Manitoba Canc Treatment & Res Fdn, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada. Reg Hosp, St Paul, MN USA. RP Cookson, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800023 PM 9716964 ER PT J AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ TI Resurgent vector-borne diseases as a global health problem SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID OUTBREAKS; MALARIA AB Vector-borne infectious diseases are emerging or resurging as a result of changes in public health policy, insecticide and drug resistance, shift in emphasis from prevention to emergency response, demographic and societal changes, and genetic changes in pathogens. Effective prevention strategies can reverse this trend. Research on vaccines, environmentally safe insecticides, alternative approaches to vector control, and training programs for health-care workers are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 27 TC 286 Z9 303 U1 4 U2 26 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 442 EP 450 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800026 PM 9716967 ER PT J AU Colwell, R Epstein, P Gubler, D Hall, M Reiter, P Shukla, J Sprigg, W Takafuji, E Trtanj, J AF Colwell, R Epstein, P Gubler, D Hall, M Reiter, P Shukla, J Sprigg, W Takafuji, E Trtanj, J TI Global climate change and infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. Inst Global Environm & Soc Inc, Calverton, MD USA. Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Colwell, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800027 PM 9716968 ER PT J AU Childs, J Shope, RE Fish, D Meslin, FX Peters, CJ Johnson, K Debess, E Dennis, D Jenkins, S AF Childs, J Shope, RE Fish, D Meslin, FX Peters, CJ Johnson, K Debess, E Dennis, D Jenkins, S TI Emerging zoonoses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Childs, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800028 PM 9716969 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI New approaches to surveillance and control of emerging foodborne infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 455 EP 456 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800029 PM 9716970 ER PT J AU Yang, S AF Yang, S TI FoodNet and Enter-net: Emerging surveillance programs for foodborne diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 457 EP 458 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800030 PM 9716971 ER PT J AU Deppe, DA AF Deppe, DA TI Enhancing state epidemiology and laboratory capacity for infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Deppe, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 459 EP 460 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800031 PM 9716972 ER PT J AU LeDuc, J AF LeDuc, J TI International cooperation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeDuc, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800032 PM 9716973 ER PT J AU Pinner, RW AF Pinner, RW TI Public health surveillance and information technology SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pinner, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 462 EP 464 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800033 PM 9716974 ER PT J AU Kay, BA Timperi, RJ Morse, SS Forslund, D McGowan, JJ O'Brien, T AF Kay, BA Timperi, RJ Morse, SS Forslund, D McGowan, JJ O'Brien, T TI Innovative information-sharing strategies SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kay, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800034 PM 9716975 ER PT J AU Folkers, LF Cerqueira, MT Quick, RE Kanu, J Galea, G AF Folkers, LF Cerqueira, MT Quick, RE Kanu, J Galea, G TI Getting the handle off the proverbial pump: Communication works SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Univ Malta, Zebbug, Malta. RP Folkers, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 467 EP 469 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800035 PM 9716976 ER PT J AU Kimball, AM Horwitch, C O'Carroll, P Arjoso, S Kunanusont, C Lin, YS Meyer, C Schubert, L Dunham, P AF Kimball, AM Horwitch, C O'Carroll, P Arjoso, S Kunanusont, C Lin, YS Meyer, C Schubert, L Dunham, P TI APEC Emerging Infections Network: Prospects for comprehensive information sharing on emerging infections within the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kimball, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 472 EP 472 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800037 PM 9716978 ER PT J AU Bell, D AF Bell, D TI Controversies in the prevention and control of antimicrobial drug resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800038 PM 9716979 ER PT J AU McDade, JE Franz, D AF McDade, JE Franz, D TI Bioterrorism as a public health threat SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP McDade, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800041 PM 9716982 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT AF De Rosa, CT TI Setting health risk benchmarks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 13 BP 300A EP 300A PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZX039 UT WOS:000074474100001 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Rahe, AJ Boyle, CA AF Michalek, JE Rahe, AJ Boyle, CA TI Paternal dioxin and the sex of children fathered by veterans of operation ranch hand SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SERUM DIOXIN C1 Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Vista Technol Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 474 EP 475 DI 10.1097/00001648-199807000-00023 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZV261 UT WOS:000074286900023 PM 9647916 ER PT J AU Warren, CW Santelli, JS Everett, SA Kann, L Collins, JL Cassell, C Morris, L Kolbe, LJ AF Warren, CW Santelli, JS Everett, SA Kann, L Collins, JL Cassell, C Morris, L Kolbe, LJ TI Sexual behavior among US high school students, 1990-1995 SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID WOMEN AB Context: High rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infection, among adolescents are major public health concerns that have created interest in trends in teenage sexual activity Methods: Nationally representative data from Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted in 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1995 are used to examine levels of sexual experience, age at first intercourse current sexual activity and condom use at last intercourse among students in grades 9-12. Results: The proportion of students who reported being sexually experienced remained at 53-54% from 1990 through 1995, while the percentage of sexually active students who used condoms at last intercourse rose from 46% to 54% between 1991 and 1995. Black students were more likely than white students to report being sexually experienced, being currently sexually active and having had four or more lifetime sexual partners; black students also reported a significantly younger age at first intercourse. Gender differences in sexual behavior were found more frequently among black students than among white or Hispanic students. Conclusions: Although levels of sexual experience for high school students in the United States have not risen during the 1990s, a very high percentage of students continue to be at risk for unintended pregnancy and STDs, including HIV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Sect, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Behav Epidemiol & Demog Res Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Sect, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 170 EP + DI 10.2307/2991678 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 108DQ UT WOS:000075251100012 PM 9711454 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL AF Evatt, BL TI Prions and haemophilia: assessment of risk SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXIII International Congress of the World-Federation-of-Hemophilia CY MAY 17-21, 1998 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Alpha Therapeut Corp, Amer Red Cross, Baxter Hlth Care Corp, Bayer Corp, Inst Grifols SA, Ist Sierovaccinogeno Italiano SpA, Novo Nordisk AS, Octopharma GmbH, Pharmacia & Upjohn Ltd DE Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; CJD; nvCJD; haemophilia; blood products; bovine spongiform encephalitis; BSE, blood safety; prions; risk assessment; clotting factor concentrates ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIREMIA; KURU; MICE AB Based on information accumulated to date, it is still difficult to assess the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and blood transfusion with any degree of confidence. However, it is reasonable to conclude that CJD is produced by a transmittable agent which is probably contained in low titer in the blood of infected people and animals. From the present clinical and epidemiological studies, transmission by blood or blood products appears to be a rare or non-existent cause of current and past cases of CJD in humans. Since blood products are necessary to prevent the immediate risk of death or significant morbidity in many clinical conditions, therapeutic decisions should be made after consideration of the known risk in these situations vs the theoretical long-term risk of the rare occurrence of CJD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JUL PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 628 EP 633 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.1998.440628.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 100XQ UT WOS:000074841000058 PM 9873805 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ AF McMahon, BJ TI Chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus who clear hepatitis B surface antigen: Are they really "off the hook"? SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TERM FOLLOW-UP; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; INTERFERON-ALFA; CIRRHOSIS C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1002/hep.510280135 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZW975 UT WOS:000074467800035 PM 9657122 ER PT J AU da Fonseca, DPAJ Joosten, D van der Zee, R Jue, DL Singh, M Vordermeier, HM Snippe, H Verheul, AFM AF da Fonseca, DPAJ Joosten, D van der Zee, R Jue, DL Singh, M Vordermeier, HM Snippe, H Verheul, AFM TI Identification of new cytotoxic T-cell epitopes on the 38-kilodalton lipoglycoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using lipopeptides SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CLASS-I MOLECULES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; LYMPHOCYTES-T; ANTIGENS; PROTEIN; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; INDUCTION; BINDING AB Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by vaccination has been shown to protect against bacterial, viral, and tumoral challenge. The aim of this study was to identify CTL epitopes on the 38-kDa lipoglycoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The identification of these CTL epitopes was based on synthesizing peptides designed from the 38-kDa lipoglycoprotein, with known major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) binding motifs (H-2D(b)), and studying their ability to up-regulate and stabilize MHC-I molecules on the mouse lymphoma cell line RMA-S. To improve the capacity of the identified peptides to induce CTL responses in mice, palmitic acid with a cysteine-serine-serine spacer amino acid sequence was attached to the amino terminus of the peptide. Two of five peptides with H-2D(b) binding motifs and their corresponding lipopeptides up-regulated and stabilized the H-2D(b) molecules on RMA-S cells. Both lipopeptides, in combination with incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced CTL responses in C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice. Moreover, the lipopeptide induced stronger CTL responses than the peptide. The capacity of the various lipopeptides to induce CTL displayed a good relationship with the ability of the (lipo)peptide to up-regulate and to stabilize H-2D(b) molecules. The capacity of the peptides and lipopeptides to up-regulate and stabilize MHC-I expression can therefore be used to predict their potential to function as a CTL epitope. The newly identified CTL epitopes and their lipid derivatives provide us with important information for future M. tuberculosis vaccine design. C1 Univ Utrecht, Eijkman Winkler Inst Microb Infect Dis & Inflamm, Sect Vaccines, AZU, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Inst Infect Dis & Immunol, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GBF, German Natl Res Ctr Biotechnol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Vet Labs Agcy, TB Res Grp, Addlestone KT13 3NB, Surrey, England. RP da Fonseca, DPAJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Eijkman Winkler Inst Microb Infect Dis & Inflamm, Sect Vaccines, AZU, Rm G04-614,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM D.Fonseca@lab.azu.nl RI Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 66 IS 7 BP 3190 EP 3197 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZW149 UT WOS:000074379900024 PM 9632585 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Shah, B Corl, A Schulte, M Fisher, DJ Stechenberg, BW Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Shah, B Corl, A Schulte, M Fisher, DJ Stechenberg, BW Jarvis, WR TI Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chloroxylenol soap - Reply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 19 IS 7 BP 476 EP 476 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 106CN UT WOS:000075112300002 ER PT J AU Nivin, B Fujiwara, PI Hannifin, J Kreiswirth, BN AF Nivin, B Fujiwara, PI Hannifin, J Kreiswirth, BN TI Cross-contamination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An epidemiological and laboratory investigation SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE CULTURES; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible cross-contamination of laboratory specimens, as suggested by an increased incidence of newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, many of whom had all negative smears for acid-fast bacilli and only one positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture referred to as "negative smears, one positive" or NSOP. METHODS: Medical-record reviews were performed for all patients with NSOP results diagnosed at this facility within a 9-month period. Laboratory logbooks were reviewed for all isolates processed; DNA fingerprinting was performed on available isolates. RESULTS: Of 80 patients with NSOP results, 45 (56%) were found to have false-positive cultures resulting from laboratory contamination with H37Ra, an avirulent stock strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Laboratory cross-contamination resulted in the false diagnosis of tuberculosis in at least 45 individuals. Use of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube may have contributed to these contamination incidents by detecting small numbers of contaminating mycobacteria that may not have been detected with less sensitive media. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nivin, B (reprint author), 225 Broadway,Box 72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 19 IS 7 BP 500 EP 503 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 106CN UT WOS:000075112300014 PM 9702572 ER PT J AU Atkinson, WL AF Atkinson, WL TI Ask the experts: Vaccine questions SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Atkinson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 15 IS 7 BP 448 EP + PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 104PD UT WOS:000075022200007 ER PT J AU Dotson, EM Cornel, AJ Willis, JH Collins, FH AF Dotson, EM Cornel, AJ Willis, JH Collins, FH TI A family of pupal-specific cuticular protein genes in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticle; cuticular protein gene; repetitive element; multigene family ID DESORPTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RELEASE METHOPRENE PELLETS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; MESSENGER-RNA; DROSOPHILA; CDNA AB We have cloned and sequenced members of a cuticular protein multi-gene family from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Three genes (agcp2a-c), each approximately 1 kb in length, were found in a 17.4 kb genomic phage clone. Analysis of ten cDNAs revealed that at least four related genes are present. The open reading frame of the genes and cDNAs showed 95% sequence identity. Divergence was observed in the sequence of the 3' ends and the number of copies of two repeated coding sequences. In situ hybridizations with a probe prepared from one of these cuticular protein genes (agcp2b) showed that the genes physically mapped to two loci, 26B on chromosome 2L and 37A on 3R. Transcription of these An. gambiae cuticular protein genes appears to be limited to pharate pupae and the expressed protein(s) is found in early pupae. The deduced amino acid sequence of these proteins contains a hydrophilic region with significant similarity to other cuticular proteins including the pupal-specific cuticular protein, EDG84, of Drosophiln melanogaster (Apple and Fristrom, 1991). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Collins, FH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07322] NR 58 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00016-2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 109YJ UT WOS:000075351700003 PM 9718679 ER PT J AU van den Broek, J Mfinanga, S Moshiro, C O'Brien, R Mugomela, A Lefi, M AF van den Broek, J Mfinanga, S Moshiro, C O'Brien, R Mugomela, A Lefi, M TI Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the outcome of treatment and survival of tuberculosis patients in Mwanza, Tanzania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; outcome of treatment; survival; Tanzania ID HIV-INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; COHORT; RECURRENCE; MORTALITY; ZAMBIA; KENYA; ZAIRE AB SETTING: Little is known about the outcome of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and subsequent survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HN) infected patients treated under routine programme conditions in a developing country. We followed a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative tuberculosis patients during therapy and assessed their vital and tuberculosis status 3 years after completion of treatment in Mwanza, Tanzania. METHODS: Newly diagnosed and relapse tuberculosis cases consecutively registered over a 6-month period were enrolled into an epidemiological study of TB/HIV. Treatment outcome was based on information in tuberculosis treatment registers. Patients surviving treatment were assessed 3 years later by personal interview Cause of death was determined by verbal autopsy. RESULTS: Of 561 patients enrolled into the study, 505 patients alive at completion of treatment were eligible for assessment at 3 years. Except for mortality, HIV infection was not statistically associated with differing treatment outcomes. At time of follow-up, the overall mortality was 19% and was associated with HIV infection (hazard ratio [hr] 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6-5.2) and age 35 years and over (hr 1.5, 95% CI 1.02-2.1), but not with type of tuberculosis, gender, or initial drug resistance. By life table analysis, probability of survival at 1 years was 35% for HN-positive patients compared to 90% for HIV-negative patients. Although no relapse cases were diagnosed, verbal autopsy suggested equivalent low rates of relapse in both groups. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the current approach to the treatment of tuberculosis patients regardless of HIV status. However, HIV-related mortality remains high both during and following completion of treatment, and further studies are needed to determine if this mortality might be reduced by simple interventions which are feasible in developing countries. C1 Royal Trop Inst, NL-1097 DN Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Inst Med Res, Muhimbili Res Stn, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Natl Inst Med Res, Cent TB Lab, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bugando Med Ctr, Mwanza, Tanzania. Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, Mwanza, Tanzania. RP van den Broek, J (reprint author), Royal Trop Inst, Wibautstr 137, NL-1097 DN Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 2 IS 7 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA ZX647 UT WOS:000074539600004 PM 9661820 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Sumartojo, E Miller, B AF Anderson, JE Sumartojo, E Miller, B TI Only one-third of US adults can correctly identify how tuberculosis is spread SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent E 37, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 2 IS 7 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA ZX647 UT WOS:000074539600015 PM 9661831 ER PT J CA CDC TI Silicosis deaths among young adults - United States, 1968-1994 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 331-335, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400008 ER PT J AU Bermudez, RA Blanco, PA Flores, GA Campos, SB Rivero, CB Nava, DC Ramos, PC Flisser, A Anzaldo, GJ Morales, PK Fiol, ARM Delgado, LO Matus, CR Solis, AJS Preciado, JIS Miranda, FS Conyer, RT Aguilar, AZ Garate, IHF Rivera, JA Espinoza, JN Cornejo, JE Torres, JI Ontiveros, D Vasquez, JR Lomeli, MR Rodriguez, ER Zimbron, A Volcker, ML Zazueta, AB Gastelum, PF Magana, EL Olvera, SP Mejia, EQ Gordillo, FA Morales, MRC Garcia, PD Hernandez, AV AF Bermudez, RA Blanco, PA Flores, GA Campos, SB Rivero, CB Nava, DC Ramos, PC Flisser, A Anzaldo, GJ Morales, PK Fiol, ARM Delgado, LO Matus, CR Solis, AJS Preciado, JIS Miranda, FS Conyer, RT Aguilar, AZ Garate, IHF Rivera, JA Espinoza, JN Cornejo, JE Torres, JI Ontiveros, D Vasquez, JR Lomeli, MR Rodriguez, ER Zimbron, A Volcker, ML Zazueta, AB Gastelum, PF Magana, EL Olvera, SP Mejia, EQ Gordillo, FA Morales, MRC Garcia, PD Hernandez, AV TI Population-based survey for drug resistance of tuberculosis - Mexico, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 371-375, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Mexican Inst Social Secur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Baja Calif State Dept Hlth, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Sinaloa State Dept Hlth, Culiacan, Mexico. Oaxaca State Dept Hlth, Oaxaca, Mexico. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Mycobacteriol Br, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Int Act, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bermudez, RA (reprint author), Mexican Inst Social Secur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400009 ER PT J AU Kennedy, M Moore, J Schuman, P Schoenbaum, E Zierler, S Rompalo, A Chu, SY AF Kennedy, M Moore, J Schuman, P Schoenbaum, E Zierler, S Rompalo, A Chu, SY TI Sexual behavior of HIV-infected women reporting recent sexual contact with women SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kennedy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 29 EP 30 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.29-a PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400013 PM 9660354 ER PT J AU Von Bargen, J Moorman, A Holmberg, S AF Von Bargen, J Moorman, A Holmberg, S TI How many pills do patients with HIV infection take? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Von Bargen, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 29 EP 29 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.29 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400012 PM 9660353 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Haddix, AC Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ AF Mansergh, G Haddix, AC Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ TI Cost-effectiveness of zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.30 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400014 PM 9660355 ER PT J AU Jagger, J Deitchman, S AF Jagger, J Deitchman, S TI Hazards of glass capillary tubes to health care workers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jagger, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 31 EP 31 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.31 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400016 PM 9660356 ER PT J AU Janssen, RS Satten, GA Stramer, SL Rawal, BD O'Brien, TR Weiblen, BJ Hecht, FM Jack, N Cleghorn, FR Kahn, JO Chesney, MA Busch, MP AF Janssen, RS Satten, GA Stramer, SL Rawal, BD O'Brien, TR Weiblen, BJ Hecht, FM Jack, N Cleghorn, FR Kahn, JO Chesney, MA Busch, MP TI New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for use in incidence estimates and for clinical and prevention purposes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRANCISCO MENS HEALTH; HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; EARLY DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; TYPE-1 SEROCONVERSION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; INCIDENCE RATES; UNITED-STATES; PLASMA AB Context.-Differentiating individuals with early human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection from those infected for longer periods is difficult but important for estimating HIV incidence and for purposes of clinical care and prevention. Objective.-To develop and validate a serologic testing algorithm in which HIV-1-positive persons with reactive test results on a sensitive HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) but nonreactive results on a less sensitive (LS) EIA are identified as having early infection. Design.-Diagnostic test and testing strategy development, validation, and application. Specimens were tested with both a sensitive HIV-1 EIA (3A11 assay) and a less sensitive modification of the same EIA (3A11-LS assay). Settings and Participants.-For assay development: 104 persons seroconverting to HIV-1 comprising 38 plasma donors, 18 patients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Trinidad, and 48 participants in the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS); 268 men without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the SFMHS who had been infected for at least 2.5 years; and 207 persons with clinical AIDS; for testing strategy validation: 488 men in the SFMHS from 1985 through 1990 and 1 275 449 repeat blood donors at 3 American Red Cross blood centers from 1993 through 1995; and for HIV-1 incidence estimates: 2 717 910 first-time blood donors. We retrospectively identified persons eligible for a study of early infection. Main Outcome Measure.-Ability to identify early HIV infection. Results.-Estimated mean time to being 3A11 reactive/3A11-LS nonreactive was 129 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 109-149 days). Our testing strategy accurately diagnosed 95% of persons with early infection; however, 0.4% (1/268) of men with established infection and 2% (5/207) of persons with late-stage AIDS were misdiagnosed as having early HIV-1 infection. Average yearly incidence estimates in SFMHS subjects were 1.5% per year vs observed average incidence of 1.4 per 100 person-years. Incidence in repeat blood donors using the sensitive/less sensitive assay testing strategy was 2.95 per 100 000 per year (95% CI, 1.14-6.53/ 100 000) vs observed incidence of 2.60 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 1.49-4.21/100 000). Overall incidence in first-time blood donors was 7.18 per 100 000 per year (95% CI, 4.51-11.20/100 000) and did not change statistically significantly between 1993 and 1996. Use of the sensitive/less sensitive testing strategy alone would have identified all 17 persons with antibodies to HIV-1 eligible for a study of early HIV-1 infection and would have increased enrollment. Conclusions.-The sensitive/less sensitive testing strategy provides accurate diagnosis of early HIV-1 infection, provides accurate estimates of HIV-1 incidence, can facilitate clinical studies of early HIV-1 infection, and provides information on HIV-1 infection duration for care planning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Red Cross, Natl Reference Lab Infect Dis, Rockville, MD USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, Irwin Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Boston Biomed Inc, W Bridgewater, MA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Aids Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Med Res Ctr, Port Spain, Trinid & Tobago. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Janssen, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Mailstop E-06,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 513 Z9 530 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.42 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400022 PM 9660362 ER PT J AU Siriwasin, W Shaffer, N Roongpisuthipong, A Bhiraleus, P Chinayon, P Wasi, C Singhanati, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Pokapanichwong, W Mock, P Weniger, BG Mastro, TD AF Siriwasin, W Shaffer, N Roongpisuthipong, A Bhiraleus, P Chinayon, P Wasi, C Singhanati, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Pokapanichwong, W Mock, P Weniger, BG Mastro, TD CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmissi TI HIV prevalence, risk, and partner serodiscordance among pregnant women in Bangkok SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on AIDS CY AUG 07-12, 1994 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-MALE TRANSMISSION; YOUNG MEN; NORTHERN THAILAND; INFECTION; FEMALE AB Context.-Most prior studies of the human immunodeficiency virus (H[V) epidemic in Thailand have focused on commercial sex encounters; however, because the epidemic increasingly concerns stable heterosexual relationships, determining risk factors for this form of transmission is warranted. Objectives.-To determine temporal trends in HIV prevalence, risk factors for H[V seropositivity, and rates of partner serodiscordance for pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. Design.-Retrospective review of hospital antenatal clinic HIV test results from 1991 through 1996. Baseline demographic and behavioral risk factors for HIV were assessed for subjects enrolled from November 1992 through March 1994. Setting.-Two Bangkok hospitals with routine antenatal clinic HIV counseling and testing. Participants.-The HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in a perinatal HIV transmission study and their partners and HIV-negative pregnant controls. Results.-From 1991 through 1996, antenatal clinic HIV seroprevalence increased from 1.0% to 2.3%. On multivariate analysis of data from 342 HIV-positive and 344 HIV-negative pregnant women, more than 1 lifetime sex partner, history of a sexually transmitted disease, and a high-risk sex partner were the most important factors for seropositivity tall P<.001). Twenty-six percent of partners of HIV-positive women were HIV negative. Women reporting more than 1 lifetime sex partner were more likely to have an HIV-negative partner than women reporting only 1 (45% vs 8%; relative risk, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-9.5; P<.001); women reporting no high-risk behaviors were less likely to have an H[V-negative partner (10% vs 44%; relative risk, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.4; P<.001). Conclusions.-Prevalence of HIV in pregnant women has increased steadily in Bangkok from 1991 through 1996, Sex with current partners was the only identified risk exposure for about half (52%) of the HIV-positive women. Although few HIV-positive pregnant women reported high-risk behaviors, more than 1 lifetime partner and a partner with high-risk behavior were strong risk factors for seropositivity. Together with the unexpected finding that one fourth of partners of seropositive pregnant women were seronegative, these data emphasize that women in the general population are at risk for HIV because of the risk behavior of both current and previous partners. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM nas4@cdc.gov OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1001/jama.280.1.49 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW145 UT WOS:000074379400023 PM 9660363 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Jones, JL Wan, PCT Lindegren, ML Wortley, P AF Lansky, A Jones, JL Wan, PCT Lindegren, ML Wortley, P TI Trends in zidovudine prescription for pregnant women infected with HIV SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV; pregnancy; zidovudine; women ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; TYPE-1; RISK AB Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to describe trends in zidovudine prescription during pregnancy among women infected with HIV. Methods: We used data from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Surveillance Project, which collects information on HIV-related conditions through medical record review. Women who were reported pregnant from 1990 through 1996 were included in the analysis. Results: From 1990 through 1996, of 7047 women in the project, 711 (10%) were pregnant for a total of 782 pregnancies. We found a high proportion (82%) of pregnancies during which zidovudine was prescribed for women with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 0 to 199 cells/mu l (n = 125), but no trend over time. In contrast, from 1990 through 1996 zidovudine was prescribed for an increasing proportion of pregnancies in which the woman's CD4+ count was 200 to 499 cells/mu l (62%-78%; p = .01; n = 337) and greater than or equal to 500 cells/mu l (22%-55%; p = .001; n = 250). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated differences in zidovudine prescription over time by CD4+ count; these differences may be based on the woman's health and guidelines for perinatal prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TRW Co Inc, Syst Integrat Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 3 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZX211 UT WOS:000074490500014 PM 9665508 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ Moyer, LA AF Alter, MJ Moyer, LA TI The importance of preventing hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE hepatitis C virus; injection drug use; prevention ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; BLOOD-DONORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZATION; TRANSMISSION; BALTIMORE; SYRINGES AB Injection drug use is the single most important risk factor for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Injection drug users acquire this infection rapidly after initiating injection practices, and up to 90% of them are chronically infected with HCV. HCV infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, and persons infected with HCV are at risk for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and they risk transmitting HCV infection to others. Preventive measures for HCV infection are limited. The heterogeneous nature of HCV and its ability to undergo rapid mutation appear to prevent the development of an effective neutralizing immune response, obstructing development of a vaccine. Prevention of HCV infection must rely on educational and programmatic efforts aimed at preventing drug use, providing substance abuse treatment for persons who inject illicit drugs, and encouraging safer injection practices. These efforts should include messages about the risk and prevention of all blood-borne pathogens, including HCV, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S6 EP S10 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400002 PM 9663617 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE MacGowan, R Jones, TS Barker, P AF Anderson, JE MacGowan, R Jones, TS Barker, P TI Needle hygiene and sources of needles for injection drug users: Data from a national survey SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Off Appl Studies, Rockville, MD USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S147 EP S148 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400029 PM 9663644 ER PT J AU Case, P Meehan, T Jones, TS AF Case, P Meehan, T Jones, TS TI Arrests and incarceration of injection drug users for syringe possession in Massachusetts: Implications for HIV prevention SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; AIDS; legislation; crime; needles; syringes; public policy; substance abuse; injection drug use ID VIRUS AB Multiperson use of syringes is a major risk behavior responsible for the spread of HIV-1 among injection drug users (IDUs). In Massachusetts, two laws regulate syringes: one is a prescription law prohibiting possession or purchase of syringes without a prescription, and the other makes it illegal to possess drug paraphernalia, including syringes. In 1993, Massachusetts amended the prescription law to permit the establishment of syringe exchange programs in two cities. Enrolled participants are allowed to possess syringes anywhere in the state, and about 5% of the estimated 40,000 IDUs in Massachusetts are program participants. To understand how HIV prevention efforts with active IDUs may be constrained by the enforcement of laws criminalizing possession of syringes after the amendment in the law, we reviewed data from multiple sources to assess the number of arrests for syringe possession in 10 large cities in Massachusetts to evaluate incarceration rates and lengths of sentences for those convicted of syringe possession and to estimate costs of incarceration for those convicted of syringe possession. At least 824 persons were arrested for syringe possession in 1995. In examining the data on convictions, we found that 417 persons were convicted in 1994 of syringe possession in the absence of other serious charges, and of these, 41.0% were sentenced to incarceration. The average sentence imposed was 5 months (range, 3 days-2 years). Assuming that those convicted serve about two thirds of their sentences, the cost of incarceration was estimated at $1,140,183 excluding costs for arrest, pretrial detention, prosecution, or other costs of enforcement. Costs for incarcerating persons convicted of both syringe and drug possession were not included; the total cost of incarceration of persons convicted of possession of a syringe, with or without other major charges, is probably considerably higher. Had these funds been allocated to pay for drug treatment, 1629 admissions to drug detoxification programs could have been purchased. Retaining drug paraphernalia and syringe prescription laws in Massachusetts may contribute to HIV transmission. These findings support the recommendation of the American Medical Association to modify drug paraphernalia laws so that IDUs can purchase and possess syringes without a prescription. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Bur, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Case, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S71 EP S75 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400012 PM 9663627 ER PT J AU Case, P Beckett, GA Jones, TS AF Case, P Beckett, GA Jones, TS TI Access to sterile syringes in Maine: Pharmacy practice after the 1993 repeal of the syringe prescription law SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; AIDS; legislation; needles; syringes; pharmacy; public policy; substance abuse; intravenous drug abuse ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; CONNECTICUT; NEEDLE AB In October 1993, the Maine legislature repealed the prescription law regulating the sale of syringes. The new law allowed but did not require licensed pharmacists to dispense syringes without a prescription to anyone 18 years of age or older. From November 1995 to January 1996, we conducted a telephone survey of 208 Maine pharmacists to evaluate the sale of syringes with and without a prescription and to assess pharmacists' willingness to sell syringes without a prescription. We found that 94% of pharmacists were willing, in all cases or at the discretion of the pharmacist, to sell syringes without a prescription. However, when asked specifically about willingness to sell syringes without a prescription to suspected injection drug users (IDUs) greater than or equal to 18 years of age, 47% were willing, 40% were not willing, and 13% did not know or declined to answer. Pharmacists reported other requirements for the purchase of syringes without a prescription, such as the requirement for the customer to provide a reasonable justification for the purchase. In all, there were 31 (15%) pharmacists in the sample willing to sell syringes to without a prescription with no additional requirements for purchase to suspected IDUs as permitted by law. There were few negative incidents reported involving IDUs and the sale of syringes without a prescription since amendment of the law. Although sales of syringes without a prescription were reported, the numbers sold fell short of the estimated number of syringes required for IDUs in Maine to use a new syringe for every injection. Despite the change in the prescription law intended to increase access to syringes, the data suggest barriers such as drug paraphernalia laws and pharmacy policies may prevent IDUs from purchasing syringes and contribute to ongoing transmission of HIV. Amendment of the drug paraphernalia and syringe possession laws, clarification of the legitimate medical purpose of access to sterile syringes for IDUs, and offering pharmacists continuing education on the prevention of blood-borne disease appear to be necessary steps in the effort to decrease the transmission of HIV among IDUs in Maine. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. RP Case, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S94 EP S101 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400016 PM 9663631 ER PT J AU Diaz, T Chu, SY Weinstein, B Mokotoff, E Jones, TS AF Diaz, T Chu, SY Weinstein, B Mokotoff, E Jones, TS CA Supplement HIV AIDS Surveillance Grp TI Injection and syringe sharing among HIV-infected injection drug users: Implications for prevention of HIV transmission SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; injection drug users; behaviors; surveillance; laws ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RISK BEHAVIORS; NEEDLE; SEROPREVALENCE; CONNECTICUT; PREDICTORS; PHARMACIES; WOMEN AB Because HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) can transmit HIV infection, we investigated factors associated with sharing of syringes in the past year among IDUs infected with HIV. We analyzed data from an interview survey of 11,757 persons greater than or equal to 18 years of age with HIV or AIDS between June 1990 and August 1995 who were reported to 12 state or city health departments in the United States. Of the 1527 persons who had ever shared syringes and reported injecting in the 5 years before the interview, 786 (51%) had injected in the year before interview, and of these, 391 (50%) had shared during that year. IDUs who were aware of their HIV infection for >1 year were less likely to share (43%) than those who were aware of their infection for 1 year or less (65%, adjusted odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval, 1.52-3.03). The only statistically significant time trend was that the proportion of IDUs from Connecticut who shared decreased from 71% in 1992 to 29% in 1995. This trend appears to be related to the 1992 changes in Connecticut laws that allowed purchase and possession of syringes without a prescription. Because many HIV-infected IDUs continue to inject and share, prevention efforts should be aimed at HIV-infected IDUs to prevent transmission of HIV. Early HIV diagnosis and access to sterile syringes may be important methods for reducing syringe sharing by HIV-infected IDUs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut State Dept Hlth Serv, Hartford, CT USA. Michigan Dept Publ Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S76 EP S81 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400013 PM 9663628 ER PT J AU Garfein, RS Doherty, MC Monterroso, ER Thomas, DL Nelson, KE Vlahov, D AF Garfein, RS Doherty, MC Monterroso, ER Thomas, DL Nelson, KE Vlahov, D TI Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE hepatitis C virus; initiation; injection drug use; seroincidence; seroprevalence; syringe sharing; young adult ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV RISK BEHAVIOR; COCAINE USE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; PROGRAM; NEEDLE; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; BALTIMORE AB Through community-based outreach, young adult injection drug users (IDUs) were enrolled in a prospective study of the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Demographics and information on sexual and injecting practices were collected during semiannual interviews, and HCV infection was evaluated using a second-generation antibody assay. Of the 229 participants, 86 (37.6%) were HCV-seropositive at baseline. After adjusting for injecting frequency and duration by logistic regression, HCV seroprevalence was independently associated with reusing syringes at least once in the past 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 3.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-11.00), injecting the first time with someone greater than or equal to 5 years older (OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.43-6.23) or alone (OR = 4.02; 95% CI, 1.12-14.43) versus with someone <5 years older, and injecting cocaine or speedball exclusively (OR = 4.29; 95% CI, 1.53-12.01) or with other drugs (OR = 5.27; 95% CI, 2.62-10.64) versus injecting no cocaine in the past 6 months. Of the 105 originally HCV-seronegative participants who returned for follow-up, 13 seroconverted (incidence rate = 16.0/100 person-years). On bivariate analysis, HCV seroconversion was significantly associated with injecting for <2 years (relative risk [RR] = 7.3; 95% CI, 1.6-32.8) and continuing to inject during follow-up (RR = 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0-19.9). Young adult IDUs are at high risk for HCV infection. These data support the need for wider legal access to sterile syringes, as well as expanded community outreach education to this population to prevent transmission of HCV. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,E-6008, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU PHS HHS [309690] NR 45 TC 205 Z9 209 U1 4 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S11 EP S19 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400003 PM 9663618 ER PT J AU Gleghorn, AA Wright-De Aguero, L Flynn, C AF Gleghorn, AA Wright-De Aguero, L Flynn, C TI Feasibility of one-time use of sterile syringes: A study of active injection drug users in seven United States metropolitan areas SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; AIDS; substance abuse; injection drug use; HIV/AIDS prevention; sterile syringes; laws ID BLEACH; HIV; NEEDLES AB Objectives: To assess the feasibility of advice to injection drug users (IDUs) to use a sterile syringe for each injection, we examined sources of syringes, syringe use and reuse, and barriers to and facilitators of compliance with the one-time use of syringes by active IDUs in seven U.S. metropolitan areas. Methods: Brief, interviewer-administered surveys were completed by 593 active IDUs, defined as injection reported within the past 90 days, in seven U.S. metropolitan areas characterized by various restrictions on syringe acquisition and possession. Results: Most of the IDUs interviewed were male (69%) and African American (74%). Overall, only 23% obtained the most recently used syringe from a reliable source of sterile syringes (i.e., pharmacy or syringe exchange program [SEP]). The median number of injections per most recently used syringe was 3 (mean = 5.2); 21% used the syringe only once. IDUs were more likely to have used a reliable source for obtaining their most recent syringe in cities with a SEP (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-8.5) or without restrictive paraphernalia laws (OR = 0.1; 95% CI 0.1-0.3). To facilitate one-time use of sterile syringes, IDUs recommended the provision of free syringes (50.3%), access to a SEP (38.1%), and access to pharmacy purchase of syringes (24.0%). Conclusions: Restrictions on syringe availability and the beliefs and practices of IDUs are barriers to the public health recommendation of one-time use of sterile syringes for IDUs who cannot stop injecting. Increased access to legal, inexpensive sterile syringes and education about the merits of one-time use are needed. C1 Commun Substance Abuse Serv, San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Gleghorn, AA (reprint author), Commun Substance Abuse Serv, San Francisco Dept Hlth, 1380 Howard Ave,4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S30 EP S36 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400006 PM 9663621 ER PT J AU Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD Jones, TS Lurie, P Vlahov, D AF Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD Jones, TS Lurie, P Vlahov, D TI Cost and cost-effectiveness of increasing access to sterile syringes and needles as an HIV prevention intervention in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; AIDS; cost and cost-benefit analysis; injection drug use; syringe exchange programs; pharmacies; syringes; prevention; blood-borne infections AB We determined the cost of increasing access of injection drug users (IDUs) to sterile syringes and needles as an HIV prevention intervention in the United States and the cost per HN infection averted by such a program. We considered a hypothetical cohort of 1 million active IDUs in the United States. Standard methods were used to estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of policies to increase access to sterile syringes and syringe disposal at various levels of coverage (e.g., a 100% coverage level would ensure access to a sterile syringe for each injection given current levels of illicit drug injection in the United States; a 50% coverage level would ensure access to one half of the required syringes). A mathematical model of HIV transmission was employed to link programmatic coverage levels with estimates of numbers of HIV infections averted. A policy of funding syringe exchange programs, pharmacy sales, and syringe disposal to cover all illicit drug injections would cost just over $423 million U.S. for 1 year. One third of these costs would be paid for as out-of-pocket expenditures by IDUs purchasing syringes in pharmacies. Compared with the status quo, this policy would cost an estimated $34,278 U.S. per HN infection averted, a figure well under the estimated lifetime costs of medical care for a person with HIV infection. At very high levels of coverage (>88%), the marginal cost-effectiveness of increased program coverage becomes less favorable. Although the total costs of funding large-scale IDU access to sterile syringes and disposal seem high, the economic benefits are substantial. Even at high levels of coverage, such funding would save society money. As part of a comprehensive program of HIV prevention, policies to increase IDUs access to sterile syringes urgently need further consideration by public health decision makers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Holtgrave, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dyn6@cdc.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01-DA09712]; PHS HHS [R01-55440] NR 24 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S133 EP S138 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400021 PM 9663636 ER PT J AU Jones, TS Vlahov, D AF Jones, TS Vlahov, D TI Use of sterile syringes and aseptic drug preparation are important components of HIV prevention among injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Jones, TS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S1 EP S5 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400001 PM 9663616 ER PT J AU Lurie, P Gorsky, R Jones, TS Shomphe, L AF Lurie, P Gorsky, R Jones, TS Shomphe, L TI An economic analysis of needle exchange and pharmacy-based programs to increase sterile syringe availability for injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE injection drug users; needle exchange programs; pharmacies; cost-effectiveness; economic analysis ID HIV; SEROCONVERSION; PREVALENCE AB Our objectives were to estimate the cost per syringe distributed for five syringe distribution strategies (a needle exchange program [NEP], a pharmacy-based NEP, free pharmacy distribution of pharmacy kits, sale of such pharmacy kits to injection drug users [IDUs], and sale of syringes in pharmacies); to assess the total costs of these strategies; and to conduct an economic analysis of these strategies in preventing HIV infection in IDUs. We estimated the costs for NEPs by using data from previous research; costs for the four pharmacy-based strategies were resource-based. Using estimates of the number of syringes required to provide a sterile syringe for each IDU injection, we estimated the total costs of the strategies in three representative U.S. cities. The lifetime cost of treating a person for HN infection, discounted into current value, was used to estimate the number of syringes that could be distributed for that amount by the five strategies and thus the number of IDUs who could be ensured a sterile syringe for each injection. We then conducted a threshold analysis for calculating the annual HIV seroincidence for the program to be cost-neutral. The cost per syringe distributed in U.S. dollars was $0.97 for the NEP, $0.37 for the pharmacy-based NEP, $0.64 for pharmacy kit distribution, $0.43 for pharmacy kit sale, and $0.15 for syringe sale. The total annual cost in U.S. dollars of providing 50% of the syringes needed for a single syringe for every injection ranged from $6 to $40 million for New York City, from $1 to $6 million for San Francisco, and from $30,000 to $200,000 for Dayton, Ohio. The annual HIV seroincidence for the program to be cost-neutral compared with the cost of medical treatment for HN injections was 2.1% for the NEP, 0.8% for the pharmacy NEP, 1.4% for pharmacy kit distribution, 0.9% for pharmacy kit sale, and 0.3% for syringe sale. All five strategies could distribute syringes at relatively low unit costs; NEPs would be the most expensive and syringe sales would be the cheapest. At annual seroincidences exceeding 2.1%, all strategies are likely to be cost-saving to society. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lurie, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Room 5055,POB 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S126 EP S132 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400020 PM 9663635 ER PT J AU Lurie, P Jones, TS Foley, J AF Lurie, P Jones, TS Foley, J TI A sterile syringe for every drug user injection: How many injections take place annually, and how might pharmacists contribute to syringe distribution? SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE AIDS; injection drug users; needle exchange; pharmacies; injection frequency ID HIV SEROCONVERSION; SAN-FRANCISCO; PREVALENCE; ENGLAND AB Our objectives were to estimate the annual number of injections by injection drug users (IDUs) in the United States of America, and to describe the potential role of pharmacists in providing IDUs with a sterile syringe for every injection. We estimated the number of annual injections by IDUs for the United States, selected U.S. states, and selected U.S. cities according to the following formula: number of injections per year = (number of IDUs).(average number of injections per IDU per day).365. Data were obtained from published articles, personal communications with local experts, and selected national databases. We also reviewed published and unpublished studies of pharmacy kits, pharmacist attitudes, and pharmacist practices in the United States and abroad. Between 920 million and 1.7 billion injections by IDUs take place each year in the United States. We estimated 12 million injections per year in San Francisco and >80 million in New York City. A similar number of syringes would be needed to satisfy the goal of a sterile syringe for every injection. Pharmacy-based strategies, including the sale of kits for injection drug use, have provided sterile syringes to IDUs in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Modification of laws restricting syringe purchase and possession has led to marked increases in purchase of syringes from pharmacies and reductions in needle-sharing. In conclusion, large numbers of syringes would be required to provide a sterile syringe for every injection, but significant numbers of pharmacists seem to be willing to play a central role in syringe sale and distribution. Outreach programs should emphasize that using a sterile syringe for every injection is the optimal HN prevention practice for IDUs who cannot or will not stop injecting. Pharmacy-based syringe sale or distribution has the potential to augment current efforts to prevent HIV infection in IDUs, their sex partners, and their children. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Lurie, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Room 5055,POB 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S45 EP S51 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400008 PM 9663623 ER PT J AU Macalino, GE Springer, FW Rahman, ZS Vlahov, D Jones, TS AF Macalino, GE Springer, FW Rahman, ZS Vlahov, D Jones, TS TI Community-based programs for safe disposal of used needles and syringes SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE substance abuse; intravenous drug use; diabetes mellitus; needle/syringe disposal; needlestick injuries ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; WASHINGTON-STATE; HIV-INFECTION AB Objectives: To review issues related to discarded syringes in the community and to describe community-based programs for the safe disposal of used needles and syringes. Methods: We used the medical literature and chain referral to identify community-based syringe disposal programs other than syringe exchange programs (SEPs). We held a workshop in June 1996 involving staff from disposal programs; manufacturers of syringes, sharps containers, and other disposal devices; solid waste companies; public health staff; and researchers. Results: Fifteen programs for the safe disposal of syringes were identified in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Of these, 12 primarily served persons with diabetes who use insulin, and 3 primarily served injection drug users (IDUs). The programs used three major strategies: puncture-resistant containers discarded in trash, community drop boxes, and sharps containers turned in for biohazard disposal at community sites, hospitals, or pharmacies. Participants in the workshop described key points in developing syringe disposal programs. Programs should involve pharmacists, physicians, waste disposal companies, public health departments, hospitals, diabetes educators, persons with diabetes who use insulin, and IDUs. For IDUs, criminal penalties for possession of syringes are a substantial deterrent to participation in community efforts to safely dispose of used syringes. The multiple and sometimes conflicting local, state, and federal laws and regulations concerning medical waste hinder development of multistate or national approaches to the safe disposal of syringes. More information is needed on community-based syringe disposal programs. Conclusion: Communities in the United States, Canada, and Australia have developed different approaches to achieve safe disposal of used syringes. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macalino, GE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6001, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S111 EP S119 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400018 PM 9663633 ER PT J AU Riley, E Beilenson, P Vlahov, D Smith, L Koenig, M Jones, TS Doherty, M AF Riley, E Beilenson, P Vlahov, D Smith, L Koenig, M Jones, TS Doherty, M TI Operation red box: A pilot project of needle and syringe drop boxes for injection drug users in East Baltimore SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; substance abuse; intravenous drug use; needle exchange program; needle disposal ID PROGRAM AB We assessed the acceptability and the use of a community-based needle and syringe disposal project designed to serve injection drug users. In June 1996, three surplus U.S. mail collection boxes were painted red and used as syringe and needle drop boxes in locations with high drug use in East Baltimore. Acceptance of the drop boxes was measured by focus groups of residents, drug users, and police, held before and after project implementation. Use was measured by weekly counts of needles recovered from the red boxes. A sample of all deposited needles was randomly chosen for needle washing and subsequent HN antibody testing. Community impact was measured by systematic surveys of needles discarded on public sidewalks, in areas with and areas without drop boxes. Before implementation, members of focus groups expressed concerns that drop boxes could convey mixed messages to youth (e.g., seeming to condone drug use), might result in increased loitering, and could further community stigmatization. After project implementation, all focus groups expressed support of project expansion. In the first 10 months, 2971 needles were collected. Of 156 needles tested, 10.9% were positive for HIV antibody. Needle counts on the street showed no significant change in red box areas compared with control areas. In this pilot project, red boxes were accepted by the community and drug users. police officers also used the boxes to dispose of confiscated needles. Although limited in the number of drop boxes and follow-up time, this pilot project shows promise as a community-based method of safe needle disposal. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), 615 N Wolfe St,Room E-6008, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S120 EP S125 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400019 PM 9663634 ER PT J AU Wright-De Aguero, L Weinstein, B Jones, TS Miles, J AF Wright-De Aguero, L Weinstein, B Jones, TS Miles, J TI Impact of the change in Connecticut syringe prescription laws on pharmacy sales and pharmacy managers' practices SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sterile Needles and Syringes for Drug Users Who Continue Injecting CY FEB 15-16, 1995 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adv, Ctr Subst Abuse Treatment, NIDA HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBLIC HLTH DE HIV; AIDS; substance abuse; injection drugs use; HIV/AIDS prevention; sterile syringes; syringe prescription laws; pharmacists ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; COMMUNITY PHARMACIES; HIV PREVENTION; NEEDLE; AIDS AB We assessed the impact of the 1992 change in Connecticut syringe prescription laws on pharmacy sales and pharmacy managers' sales practices. A mail survey was conducted in 1994 of all current pharmacy managers in the five largest cities in Connecticut (Hartford, New Haven, Waterbury, Bridgeport, and Stamford) and a random sample of those practicing in all other areas. Of these, 89.3% of the pharmacies in the five largest cities and 85.1% in the other areas had ever sold syringes without a prescription since the July 1992 law went into effect. Most pharmacists identified safety issues as very important in their personal decision about the sale of syringes without a prescription. Although the purpose of the change in the prescription law was to provide expanded access to sterile syringes by injection drug users (IDUs), only 31.4% of the managers who were allowed to sell in all instances and 18.1% of those who sold at their discretion were very willing to sell syringes to IDUs. In the logistic regression model of pharmacies with a sell-in-all-instances policy, the perceived benefit of the sale of syringes on health and community well-being was the only influence independently associated with managers support for nonprescription sales. Overall, managers reported they did not know what other pharmacists thought (40.4%) or did (42.9%) regarding the sale of syringes. When pharmacists had discretion over syringe sales, managers' beliefs about what other Connecticut pharmacists thought and did about the nonprescription sale of syringes remained a significant influence on the degree of support for sales. Most pharmacies implemented and maintained policies permitting the sale of syringes without a prescription. Several issues, including risk of discarded contaminated syringes around pharmacies and in the community and reluctance to sell to IDUs, reduced pharmacists willingness to sell syringes. Efforts to incorporate pharmacists as active partners in HIV prevention in IDUs should promote the sale of syringes without a prescription to IDUs as acceptable public health practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E59, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Div, Hartford, CT USA. RP Wright-De Aguero, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent E59, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 SU 1 BP S102 EP S110 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZY956 UT WOS:000074680400017 PM 9663632 ER PT J AU Wilbur, SB AF Wilbur, SB TI Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Respiratory effects SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE classification of effects; minimal risk levels; respiratory effects ID INHALATION TOXICITY; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; RATS; EXPOSURE; MICE; AMMONIA; LUNG AB The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system as related to pathophysiology of the respiratory system are considered. The various toxicological end points in the respiratory system and the relative seriousness of the effects are discussed. The impact of assessing the seriousness of the effects on the derivation of health-based guidance values, with specific examples of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's minimal risk levels based on respiratory effects, is presented. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilbur, SB (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-29 NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdw9@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 7 IS 3 BP 233 EP 249 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZZ032 UT WOS:000074688500001 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Padhye, AA Mayer, LW Holloway, BP AF Brandt, ME Padhye, AA Mayer, LW Holloway, BP TI Utility of random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR and TaqMan automated detection in molecular identification of Aspergillus fumigatus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; PROBES; SYSTEM AB We developed a method for the identification of Aspergillus fumigatus fungal isolates by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR (RAPD-PCR) cloning and the TaqMan LS50B fluorogenic detection system (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif,), DNA from seven clinically important Aspergillus species was screened by RAPD-PCR to identify section-or species-specific amplicons, With the OPZ19 RAPD primer a 1,264-bp product was amplified from all A. fumigatus strains initially examined but not from other species. A partial DNA sequence of this product was used to design a specific primer pair, which generated a single 864-bp fragment with DNA from 90 of 100 A. fumigatus isolates when a "touchdown" (65-->55 degrees C) annealing protocol was used. The TaqMan system, a fluorogenic assay which uses the 5'-->3' endonuclease activity of Tag DNA polymerase, detected this 864-bp product with DNA from 89 of these 90 A. fumigatus strains; 1 DNA sample generated an indeterminate result. With DNA from three morphologically typical A, fumigatus isolates, six white ("albino") A. fumigatus isolates, and five of six Neosartorya species (non-A, fumigatus members of the section Fumigati), the 864-bp product was amplified differentially at an annealing temperature of 56 degrees C but not with the touchdown annealing format. No amplicon was detected with DNA from 56 isolates of heterologous Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces species or from Neosartorya fennelliae; TaqMan assay results were either negative (51 isolates) or indeterminate (5 isolates) for all isolates. This RAPD-PCR and TaqMan assay offers promise as a nucleic acid-based system that can be used for the identification of filamentous fungal isolates and that requires no postamplification sample manipulations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2057 EP 2062 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZU042 UT WOS:000074155400043 PM 9650962 ER PT J AU Elliott, JA Farmer, KD Facklam, RR AF Elliott, JA Farmer, KD Facklam, RR TI Sudden increase in isolation of group B streptococci, serotype V, is not due to emergence of a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; INFECTION; ADULTS AB Until recently, group B streptococcus, serotype V (GBS-V), was an infrequent cause of disease. It is now recognized as a significant cause of infections in both children and adults. To determine if this increase was due to the recent introduction and spread of a single clone of GBS-V, we analyzed, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the SmaI chromosomal DNA digests of 45 bacteria: 41 isolated from human infections between 1986 and 1996 in the United States, 2 from human infections in Argentina, and 2 from naturally infected mice. Seventeen patterns were found and arbitrarily designated patterns A to Q. Pattern N constituted 24 (53%) of the isolates and was found in all of the years tested and from all surveillance areas, as well as in both isolates from Argentina, and was very similar to the GBS-V isolated from a mouse. Pattern P was found in three isolates, pattern F was found in two, and the remaining patterns were found in one isolate each. We concluded that the majority of isolates of GBS-V are of one PFGE subtype and that this subtype was predominate before the increase in disease caused by GBS-V and that GBS-V disease is caused by several different subtypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Elliott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2115 EP 2116 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZU042 UT WOS:000074155400059 PM 9650978 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Lawson, PA Monasterio, R Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR AF Collins, MD Lawson, PA Monasterio, R Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR TI Facklamia ignava sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROCOCCUS-LIKE ORGANISMS; GEN-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIONS AB Two strains of a hitherto-undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains are genealogically identical and constitute a new line close to, but distinct from, Facklamia hominis. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from F. hominis by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Facklamia ignava sp. nov. The type strain of Facklamia ignava is CCUG 37419. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. BBSRC Inst Food Res, Dept Microbiol, Reading Lab, Reading, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Goteborg, Sweden. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2146 EP 2148 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZU042 UT WOS:000074155400069 PM 9650988 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Lancaster, MV Hill, BC Steward, CD Stocker, SA Hancock, GA O'Hara, CM McAllister, SK Clark, NC Hiramatsu, K AF Tenover, FC Lancaster, MV Hill, BC Steward, CD Stocker, SA Hancock, GA O'Hara, CM McAllister, SK Clark, NC Hiramatsu, K TI Characterization of staphylococci with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin and other glycopeptides (vol 36, pg 1020, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Juntendo Univ, Dept Bacteriol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2167 EP 2167 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZU042 UT WOS:000074155400074 ER PT J AU Eppley, BL David, L Li, M Moore, CA Sadove, AM AF Eppley, BL David, L Li, M Moore, CA Sadove, AM TI Amniotic band facies SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE amniotic band disruption; cleft lip and palate; facial clefts ID DISRUPTION COMPLEX; RUPTURE; DEFECTS; SEQUENCE AB Craniofacial deformities of 14 patients with amniotic band syndrome at one institution were reviewed for morphologic similarities. In addition to associated cleft lip and palate, vertical and oblique facial clefts, which were not associated with embryologic lines of fusion, were seen. It is hypothesized that the prominence of the nasal processes combined with the adjacent stomodeal orifice results in utero surfaces, which can lead to free band attachment and adherence, resulting in a spectrum of similarly oriented facial defects. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eppley, BL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, 702 Barnhill Dr,Room 3540, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 360 EP 365 DI 10.1097/00001665-199807000-00013 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 101PA UT WOS:000074876300013 PM 9780931 ER PT J AU Burg, AR Gist, GL AF Burg, AR Gist, GL TI The potential impact on women from environmental exposures - Observations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Reprinted from Journal of Women's health, vol 6, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint C1 ATSDR, Exposure & Dis Registry Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burg, AR (reprint author), ATSDR, Exposure & Dis Registry Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ443 UT WOS:000074729900009 ER PT J AU Negro, F Giostra, E Krawczynski, K Quadri, R Rubbia-Brandt, L Mentha, G Colucci, G Perrin, L Hadengue, A AF Negro, F Giostra, E Krawczynski, K Quadri, R Rubbia-Brandt, L Mentha, G Colucci, G Perrin, L Hadengue, A TI Detection of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication by strand-specific semiquantitative RT-PCR: preliminary application to the liver transplantation model SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic hepatitis; strand-specific RT-PCR; viral pathogenesis ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE; IN-VITRO; RNA; INFECTION; RECIPIENTS; REJECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION; HEPATOCYTES AB Background/Aims: Although the hepatitis C virus infection recurs in virtually all patients after liver transplantation, up to 50% of patients may not have histological recurrent hepatitis 1 year after liver transplantation. To study the relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease after liver transplantation, we compared the intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication levels with the liver histopathology among liver transplant recipients. Methods: The intrahepatic negative-strand HCV RNA (i.e. the putative hepatitis C virus replication intermediate RNA) was evaluated by a semi-quantitative, strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in 44 liver specimens from 23 patients with hepatitis C virus reinfection after liver transplantation. Results were compared with the time from liver transplantation, presence, grading and staging of the recurrent hepatitis, amount of hepatitis C virus antigens in the liver and serum HCV RNA levels. Results: Negative-strand HCV RNA was detected in 42 liver specimens as early as 7 days after liver transplantation. Its titers correlated with the amount of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus antigens, but not with HCV RNA levels in serum. Levels of negative-strand HCV RNA in 19 specimens without hepatitis were comparable to those seen in 25 specimens with hepatitis (p=0.492), and were unrelated to the liver disease grading and staging scores. The intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication could occasionally precede the recurrence of the hepatitis by several months. Conclusions: Molecular evidence has been obtained for intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication occurring early after liver transplantation. The level of replication is not correlated with the development of recurrent hepatitis, suggesting that hepatitis C virus may replicate without inducing morphological evidence of liver damage. C1 Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Clin Pathol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Digest Surg, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Univ Hosp Geneva, Virol Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. RP Negro, F (reprint author), Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rue Micheli du Crest 24, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. RI Negro, Francesco/E-2183-2012 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80172-4 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZX090 UT WOS:000074478400001 PM 9696486 ER PT J AU Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Schonberger, LB Arden, NH Cox, NJ Fukuda, K AF Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Schonberger, LB Arden, NH Cox, NJ Fukuda, K TI Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: A pattern of changing age distribution SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Options for the Control of Influenza CY MAY 04-09, 1996 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP WHO, Austr Soc Microbiol, CSL Ltd, Pasteur Merieux Serums & Vaccins, Pasteur Merieux MSD Connaught Labs, SmithKline Beecham, Becton Dickinson, Evans Med, Glaxo Wellcome, Parke Davis, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Chiron Biocine, Eisai Co Ltd, Nippon Glaxo, Solvay Duphar, Res Fdn Microbial Dis Osaka Univ AB Almost all deaths related to current influenza epidemics occur among the elderly. However, mortality was greatest among the young during the 1918-1919 pandemic. This study compared the age distribution of influenza-related deaths in the United States during this century's three influenza A pandemics with that of the following epidemics. Half of influenza-related deaths during the 1968-1969 influenza A (H3N2) pandemic and large proportions of influenza-related deaths during the 1957-1958 influenza A (H2N2) and the 1918-1919 influenza A (H1N1) pandemics occurred among persons <65 years old. However, this group accounted for decrementally smaller proportions of deaths during the first decade following each pandemic, A model suggested that this mortality pattern may be explained by selective acquisition of protection against fatal illness among younger persons. The large proportion of influenza-related deaths during each pandemic and the following decade among persons <65 years old should be considered in planning for pandemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lonesimon@msn.com OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 25 TC 367 Z9 385 U1 6 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900008 PM 9652423 ER PT J AU Abrams, EJ Weedon, J Steketee, RW Lambert, G Bamji, M Brown, T Kalish, ML Schoenbaum, EE Thomas, PA Thea, DM AF Abrams, EJ Weedon, J Steketee, RW Lambert, G Bamji, M Brown, T Kalish, ML Schoenbaum, EE Thomas, PA Thea, DM CA NY City Perinatal HIV Transmission Collaborati TI Association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load early in life with disease progression among HIV-infected infants SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID STANDARD VACUTAINER TUBES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; CHILDREN; RNA; PLASMA; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION; STABILITIES; PREDICTORS AB The utility of RNA virus load to predict progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease was assessed in 89 HIV-1-infected children, Of 22 virus load values during week 1 of life, 17 were below the detection threshold. Geometric mean virus load increased to similar to 7 x 10(5) copies/mL by week 4, was sustained throughout the first 6 months of life, and then declined to 1.6 x 10(5) copies/mL during the third year. Samples from week 1 of life had little predictive value, but virus load during days 7-30 strongly predicted progression to CDC-3 classification or death (P =.024; risk ratio = 1.6), and virus load during months 2-3 predicted progression to CDC-C or death within the first 6 months of life (P =.002, risk ratio = 11). Virus load was highly associated with imminent vulnerability to CDC-C or death (P =.002) during the first 18 months of life. Except for values from the first week of life, virus load at any age through 18 months is strongly associated with risk of HIV disease progression. C1 Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10037 USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc Inc, New York, NY USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp, New York, NY USA. Metropolitan Hosp, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abrams, EJ (reprint author), Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 506 Lenox Ave, New York, NY 10037 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU 200937] NR 37 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900013 PM 9652428 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Kaplan, JE Ward, JW AF Jones, JL Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Kaplan, JE Ward, JW TI Trends in AIDS-related opportunistic infections among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, 1991-1996 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; AVIUM COMPLEX DISEASE; DEFINING DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS; OUTCOMES; HISTORY; COHORT AB Incidence trends for the 13 most frequent AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM, n = 15,588) and injecting drug users (IDUs, n = 4475) were examined using data abstracted from medical records in >90 hospitals and clinics in nine US cities during 1991-1996, Among MSM, the most frequent OIs were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis; decreasing (P less than or equal to.05) trends occurred for 11 OIs (MAC disease, PCP, CMV retinitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, esophageal candidiasis, CMV disease, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis, toxoplasmic encephalitis, tuberculosis, chronic herpes simplex, and disseminated histoplasmosis). Among IDUs, the most frequent OIs were PCP, MAC disease, and esophageal candidiasis; decreasing trends occurred for 5 OIs (PCP, esophageal candidiasis, tuberculosis, chronic herpes simplex, and chronic cryptosporidiosis) and an increase occurred in recurrent pneumonia. The differences in trends for MSM and IDUs may be due to differences in medical fare and adherence to preventive medications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis Grp, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900015 PM 9652430 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ Getz, J Taylor, JP Hendricks, KA Hatheway, CL Barth, SS Solomon, HM Larson, AE Johnson, EA Nickey, LN Ries, AA AF Angulo, FJ Getz, J Taylor, JP Hendricks, KA Hatheway, CL Barth, SS Solomon, HM Larson, AE Johnson, EA Nickey, LN Ries, AA TI Large outbreak of botulism: The hazardous baked potato SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID UNITED-STATES; A BOTULISM AB In April 1994, the largest outbreak of botulism in the United States since 1978 occurred in El Paso, Texas. Thirty persons were affected; 4 required mechanical ventilation. All ate food from a Greek restaurant. The attack rate among persons who ate a potato-based dip was 86% (19/22) compared with 6% (11/176) among persons who did not eat the dip (relative risk [RR] = 13.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6-25.1). The attack rate among persons who ate an eggplant-based dip was 67% (6/9) compared with 132 (24/189) among persons who did not (RR = 5.2; 95% CI, 2.9-9.5), Botulism toxin type A was detected from patients and in both dips. Toxin formation resulted from holding aluminum foil-wrapped baked potatoes at room temperature, apparently for several days, before they were used in the dips. Consumers should be informed of the potential hazards caused by holding foil-wrapped potatoes at ambient temperatures after cooking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Austin, TX 78756 USA. El Paso City Cty Hlth & Environm Dist, El Paso, TX USA. US FDA, Div Microbiol Studies, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900022 PM 9652437 ER PT J AU Beyrer, C Jitwatcharanan, K Natpratan, C Kaewvichit, R Nelson, KE Chen, CY Weiss, JB Morse, SA AF Beyrer, C Jitwatcharanan, K Natpratan, C Kaewvichit, R Nelson, KE Chen, CY Weiss, JB Morse, SA TI Molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in a sexually transmitted disease clinic population in northern Thailand: Predominance of herpes simplex virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV; SYPHILIS; DECLINE AB A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay that simultaneously detects the three major causes of genital ulcer disease (GUD), Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus, was used to evaluate swab specimens for 38 sequential patients with GUD at a Thai sexually transmitted disease: clinic. Subjects received clinical diagnoses and syndromic treatment. Swab specimens for H. ducreyi cultures and M-PCR were obtained. No H. ducreyi cultures were positive. Of 38 M-PCR specimens, 31 (81.6%) were positive for HSV, 1 (2.3%) for both HSV and T, pallidum, and none for H. ducreyi or T. pallidum alone; 6 (15.8%) were negative for all 3 pathogens. Clinical diagnoses corresponded poorly to M-PCR findings; none of 5 suspected cases of chancroid were positive by M-PCR and none of 1 for syphilis, but 21 of 24 suspected herpes lesions were confirmed by M-PCR. Human immunodeficiency virus infection status was known for 24 of 38 subjects; 11 (45.8%) were seropositive, and all 11 had HSV by M-PCR. HSV appeared to be the most common pathogen overall. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beyrer, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite 7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cbeyrer@jhsph.edu NR 14 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900032 PM 9652447 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Corrales, JL Lotero, JO Regueira, M Binsztein, N Reeves, MW Ajello, G Jarvis, WR AF Cookson, ST Corrales, JL Lotero, JO Regueira, M Binsztein, N Reeves, MW Ajello, G Jarvis, WR TI Disco fever: Epidemic meningococcal disease in northeastern Argentina associated with disco patronage SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS; OUTBREAK AB Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of adult meningitis worldwide. From 5 to 14 August 1996, 8 cases of meningococcal disease occurred in Corrientes city (population 306,000) in northeastern Argentina. Those infected ranged in age from 15 to 45 years (median, 18.5). To determine risk factors for infection, a case-control study was done. Infecting isolates were serogrouped and underwent phenotyping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Those infected were significantly more likely than those not infected to have had exposure to passive or active cigarette smoke or to have attended a particular disco. Isolates available from 6 case-patients were all serogroup C; all had identical MLEE and PFGE patterns. These data suggest that dance clubs or discos may be a focus of transmission of N. meningitidis among young people. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Salud & Acc Social, Inst Nacl Microbiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Minist Salud Publ, Comite Vigilancia Epidemiol Meningitis, Corrientes, Argentina. RP Cookson, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgc0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1 BP 266 EP 269 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZV943 UT WOS:000074357900037 PM 9652452 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Piesman, J Mbow, ML Maupin, GO Peter, O Brossard, M Golde, WT AF Dolan, MC Piesman, J Mbow, ML Maupin, GO Peter, O Brossard, M Golde, WT TI Vector competence of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus (Acari : Ixodidae) for three genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes ricinus; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; vector competence ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT OSPA; SP-NOV; SENSU-STRICTO; DAMMINI ACARI; TICKS ACARI; MICE; INFECTION; AGENT AB The vector competence of 2 tick species, Ixodes ricinus (L.) and Ixodes scapularis Say, was determined and compared for 3 genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi. The 3 genospecies of B. burgdorferi used in the following experiments were Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (B-31 and B-31.D1 clone), Borrelia afzelii (strain Pgau.C3), and Borrelia garinii (strain VS286 and VSBP). Spirochetes from all 5 strains were inoculated intradermally into outbred mice; larval ticks of both species were subsequently fed on those mice and replete larvae were assayed for infection by culture in BSK-H media every 7 d for 4 wk. Infection frequencies in I. scapularis exposed to the 5 strains were as follows: B-31 (90%), B-31.D1 (83%), Pgau.C3 (87%), VS286 (10%), and VSBP (5%). The comparable infection frequencies for I. ricinus were B-31 (3%), B-31.D1 (3%), Pgau.C3 (90%), VS286 (5%), and VSBP (3%). Resultant nymphal I. scapularis successfully transmitted B-31, B-31.D1, Pgau.C3, and VS286 to outbred mice. I. ricinus nymphs transmitted Pgau.C3 and VS286. Both species failed to transmit strain VSBP. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Inst Cent Hop Valaisans, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 35 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 108PE UT WOS:000075274000018 PM 9701928 ER PT J AU Victora, CG Morris, SS Barros, FC de Onis, M Yip, R AF Victora, CG Morris, SS Barros, FC de Onis, M Yip, R TI The NCHS reference and the growth of breast- and bottle-fed infants SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE breast-feeding; bottle-feeding; infant nutrition; humans ID CHILDREN; STANDARDS; HEIGHT AB The current international growth reference, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference, is widely used to compare the nutritional status of populations and to assess the growth of individual children throughout the world. Recently, concerns were raised regarding the adequacy of this reference for assessing the growth of breast-fed infants. We used the NCHS reference to evaluate infant growth in one of the most developed areas of Brazil. Infants who were exclusively or predominantly breast-fed for the first 4-6 mo, and partially breastfed thereafter, grew more rapidly than the NCHS reference in weight and length during the first 3 mo, but appeared to falter thereafter. The average growth of all infants, regardless of feeding pattern, was faster than the NCHS reference until similar to 6 mo, after which their growth became slower than that of the NCHS sample. To substantiate this finding, the NCHS growth curves were then compared with growth data of breast-fed infants in developed countries from pooled published studies, formula-fed North American and European infants and predominantly bottle-fed U.S. infants monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pediatric Surveillance System. in all three cases, weights showed the same pattern as the Brazilian infants-higher than NCHS in the early months but an apparent decline thereafter. The pattern for length gain was similar but less marked. Breastfed infants showed more pronounced declines than those who were predominantly bottle-fed. These findings suggest that the infancy portion of the NCHS reference does not adequately reflect the growth of either breastfed or artificially fed infants. This probably results from characteristics of the original sample and from inadequate curve-fitting procedures. The development of an improved international growth reference that reflects the normal infant growth pattern is indicated. C1 Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Social Med, BR-96001970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. WHO, Nutr Unit, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. UNICEF Off, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Victora, CG (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Social Med, CP 464, BR-96001970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. RI Epidemiologicas, Centro de pesquisas /D-4561-2013; Barros, Fernando/D-4857-2013; Victora, Cesar/D-4476-2013; OI Victora, Cesar/0000-0002-2465-2180 NR 27 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 128 IS 7 BP 1134 EP 1138 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZY293 UT WOS:000074605600011 PM 9649596 ER PT J AU Ogunbi, SO Ransom, JA Sullivan, K Schoen, BT Gold, BD AF Ogunbi, SO Ransom, JA Sullivan, K Schoen, BT Gold, BD TI Inflammatory bowel disease in African-American children living in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID 10 YEARS OLD; CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CLINICAL TYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; YOUNGER; SITE AB We describe the clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in African-American compared with non-African-American children. We identified 172 children with IBD; forty-nine (29%) were African-American. Median symptom duration before IBD diagnosis in African-American children (6 months) was shorter than that of non-African-American children (10 months). The most frequent presenting symptom was hematochezia (ulcerative colitis) and abdominal pain (Crohn's disease) in both racial groups. The estimated incidence of Crohn's disease in African-Americans ranged from 7 per 100,000 to 12 per 100,000, whereas the observed incidence in those with ulcerative colitis was between 5 and 7 per 100,000 during the 10 years of the study. Our pilot study suggests that IBD may be more common in African-American children than previously reported. Prospective population-based studies would be useful to determine whether inheritable factors linked with ethnicity are associated with IBD. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 133 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70187-8 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZZ431 UT WOS:000074728700021 PM 9672520 ER PT J AU Moore, M Schulte, J Valway, SE Stader, V Kistler, V Margraf, P Murray, D Christman, R Onorato, IM AF Moore, M Schulte, J Valway, SE Stader, V Kistler, V Margraf, P Murray, D Christman, R Onorato, IM TI Evaluation of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a pediatric setting SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE HOME; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SCHOOL AB Objective: To determine the extent of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pediatric patients exposed to a pediatrician with smear- and culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Clinic billing and hospital admission records were used to identify patients seen during the pediatrician's infectious period. Patients were notified Of the potential exposure and were offered screening. Results: A total of 1416 pediatric patients were identified as exposed. Of the 606 who completed screening, 12 (2%) had a skin test result greater than or equal to 10 mm, 2 (0.3%) had a result 5 to 9 mm, and 592 (98%) had a negative test result (0 to 4 mm). No active TB cases were identified. Of the 14 children with a skin test result greater than or equal to 5 mm, 7 were U.S.-born and had no other risk factor for a positive skin test. The remaining seven had either been exposed to another person with infectious TB or were from countries with a high prevalence of TB. Conclusion: We found evidence of limited transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the outpatient pediatric setting. Despite extensive resource dedication, only 43% of exposed children completed screening. In similar situations decisions should balance the responsibility to protect children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis with other public health priorities and available resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Allentown Bur Hlth, Allentown, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Sacred Heart Hosp, Allentown, PA USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 133 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70188-X PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZZ431 UT WOS:000074728700022 PM 9672521 ER PT J AU Burnham, BR Atchley, DH DeFusco, RP Ferris, KE Zicarelli, JC Lee, JH Angulo, FJ AF Burnham, BR Atchley, DH DeFusco, RP Ferris, KE Zicarelli, JC Lee, JH Angulo, FJ TI Prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas and potential public health implications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective-To determine prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms among captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Design-Cohort study. Animals-12 captive green iguanas. Procedure-Iguanas were isolated in an environmental chamber, and fecal samples were collected weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Samples were incubated aerobically in tetrathionate broth for 18 to 24 hours. Aliquots were then transferred to Hektoen and Salmonella-Shigella agar plates and incubated for an additional 18 to 24 hours. Isolated colonies were subcultured on nutrient agar slants, and Salmonella isolates were serogrouped and serotyped. Results-All 12 iguanas were found to be shedding Salmonella organisms at least once during the study, and multiple serotypes were isolated from 7 of the 12. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 88 of 106 (83%) fecal samples; 21 samples contained multiple Salmonella serotypes. Overall, 11 Salmonella serotypes were identified. In 74 of 100 instances, when a particular Salmonella serotype was isolated from an individual iguana, the same serotype was also isolated from a subsequent fecal sample from that iguana. Clinical implications-Results suggested that most iguanas have a stable mixture of Salmonella serotypes in their intestinal tracts and intermittently or continuously shed Salmonella organisms in their feces. Veterinarians should advise their clients on precautions for reducing the risk of acquiring these organisms from their pets. Public health officials trying to determine whether an iguana is the source of a specific Salmonella serotype that caused infection in human patients should submit at least 3 fecal samples collected from the iguana 1 week apart for bacterial culture. C1 USAF Acad, DFB, Dept Biol, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFB, Dept Biol, HQ, 2355 Fac Dr,Ste 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 1 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZW704 UT WOS:000074439000025 PM 9656023 ER PT J AU Bradley, T Angulo, FJ Raiti, P AF Bradley, T Angulo, FJ Raiti, P TI Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians guidelines for reducing risk of transmission of Salmonella spp from reptiles to humans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Assoc Reptilian & Amphibian Veterinarians, Belton Anim Clin, Belton, MO 64012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Reptilian & Amphibian Veterinarians, Berverlie Anim Hosp, Mt Vernon, NY 10552 USA. RP Bradley, T (reprint author), Assoc Reptilian & Amphibian Veterinarians, Belton Anim Clin, 511 Main St, Belton, MO 64012 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZW704 UT WOS:000074439000026 PM 9656024 ER PT J AU Brennan, RJ Burkle, FM Burkholder, BT Lillibridge, SR AF Brennan, RJ Burkle, FM Burkholder, BT Lillibridge, SR TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter ID DISPLACED PERSONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MORTALITY; SOMALIA; WAR C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brennan, RJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 1998 VL 45 IS 1 BP 175 EP 175 DI 10.1097/00005373-199807000-00041 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 101TA UT WOS:000074883200045 PM 9680037 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Ellenberger, D Rayfield, M Wiktor, S Michel, P Grieco, MH Gao, F Hahn, BH Lal, RB AF Owen, SM Ellenberger, D Rayfield, M Wiktor, S Michel, P Grieco, MH Gao, F Hahn, BH Lal, RB TI Genetically divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 use multiple coreceptors for viral entry SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL-LINE; BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; HIV-1 ENTRY; V3 DOMAIN; SYNCYTIUM FORMATION; MACROPHAGE TROPISM; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; MIP-1-ALPHA AB Several members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor family have been shown to serve, with CD4, as coreceptors for entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While coreceptor usage by HIV-I primary isolates has been studied by several groups, there is only limited information available concerning coreceptor usage by primary HIV-2 isolates. In this study, we have analyzed coreceptor usage of 15 primary HIV-2 isolates, using lymphocytes from a donor with nonfunctional CCR5 (CCR5 -/-; homozygous 32-bp deletion). Based on the infections of PBMCs, seven of these primary isolates had an absolute requirement for CCR5 expression, whereas the remaining eight exhibited a broader coreceptor usage. All CCR5-requiring isolates were non-syncytium inducing, whereas isolates utilizing multiple coreceptors were syncytium inducing. Blocking experiments using known ligands for chemokine receptors provided indirect evidence for additional coreceptor utilization by primary HIV-2 isolates. Analysis of GHOST4 cell lines expressing various chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR4, BONZO, and BOB) further defined specific coreceptor usage of primary HIV-2 isolates. The receptors used included CXCR4, CCR1-5, and the recently described receptors BONZO and BOB. However, the efficiency at which the coreceptors were utilized varied greatly among the various isolates. Analysis of V3 envelope sequences revealed no specific motif that correlated with coreceptor usage. Our data demonstrate that primary HIV-2 isolates are capable of using a broad range of coreceptors for productive infection in vitro. Additionally, our data suggest that expanded coreceptor usage by HIV-2 may correlate with disease progression. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Retrovirus Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Projet Retro CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Serv Sante Armees, Ctr Rech, La Tronche, France. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10019 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Retrovirus Dis Branch, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RBL3@CDC.GOV FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25291, AI37466] NR 68 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 72 IS 7 BP 5425 EP 5432 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZU089 UT WOS:000074160500013 PM 9620997 ER PT J AU Lin, HC Dezzutti, CS Lal, RB Rabson, AB AF Lin, HC Dezzutti, CS Lal, RB Rabson, AB TI Activation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax gene expression in chronically infected T cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HTLV-I; TRANSACTIVATOR TAX; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; HISTONE MODIFICATION; RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; SITU HYBRIDIZATION AB Expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is regulated both by the HTLV-1 Tax transactivator and by cellular transcriptional factors binding to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR), suggesting that cellular signals may play a role in regulating viral expression. Treatment of cells chronically infected with HTLV-1, which express low levels of HTLV-1 RNAs and Tax protein, with phorbol esters (i.e., phorbol12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA]), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), sodium butyrate, or combinations of cytokines resulted in induction of HTLV-1 gene expression. PMA or PHA treatment following cotransfection of HTLV-1 Tax expression plasmids resulted in synergistic activation of HTLV-1 LTR directed gene expression, apparently involving tyrosine ki nase-mediated pathways. These results suggest that cellular activation stimuli may cooperate with HTLV-1 Tax to enhance expression of integrated HTLV-1 genomes and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 disease. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Viral Pathogenesis Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. STD, Div HIV AIDS, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Tuberculosis Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Canc, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Rabson, AB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Viral Pathogenesis Lab, Rm 139,679 Hoes Ln, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-68333] NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 72 IS 7 BP 6264 EP 6270 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZU089 UT WOS:000074160500119 PM 9621103 ER PT J AU Bryant, NJ Dillehay, DL AF Bryant, NJ Dillehay, DL TI What's your diagnosis? - Renal cell carcinoma SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30233 USA. Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30233 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dillehay, DL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30233 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 7 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZZ266 UT WOS:000074712200006 ER PT J AU Vargas, V Krawczynski, K Castells, L Martinez, N Esteban, J Allende, H Esteban, R Guardia, J AF Vargas, V Krawczynski, K Castells, L Martinez, N Esteban, J Allende, H Esteban, R Guardia, J TI Recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation: Immunohistochemical assessment of the viral antigen SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECIPIENTS; REPLICATION; HEPATOCYTES; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE AB Background: The value of immunohistochemical methods to identify hepatitis C virus antigen (HCVAg) in liver tissue has not been established. We have evaluated the significance of HCVAg expression in livers of patients with transplants and recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: Forty-two liver biopsy specimens from 32 liver-transplant recipients with recurrent HCV infection were tested for HCVAg using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled polyclonal, polyreactive human immunoglobulin. Histologic assessment of liver and quantitation of HCV RNA in sera were carried out in specimens obtained simultaneously with biopsies. Results, HCVAg was found in 33% of the liver specimens obtained during the first month after transplantation and in all liver specimens obtained between 1 and 18 months after transplantation. Amounts of the antigen were significantly greater in specimens obtained more than 1 month after transplantation. A statistically significant increase of the average HCV RNA level in serum was observed in samples tested after the first month after the transplantation, and some decrease in the HCV RNA level was found in those obtained between 6 and 18 months after transplantation, Larger amounts of HCVAg were observed in specimens corresponding to episodes of acute or chronic hepatitis than in those associated with minimal parenchymal evidence of rejection. Conclusions: Observations of HCVAg expression in liver biopsy specimens Indicated that the presence of Viral antigens in hepatocytes is a constant finding in specimens obtained 1 month or longer after transplantation. Although large amounts of HCVAg correlated with acute or chronic hepatitis, the nature of this association with the development of pathologic changes remains to be established. Copyright (C) 1998 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Gen Univ Valle Hebron, Serv Med Interna Hepatol, Liver Unit, Barcelona 08035, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guardia, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Gen Univ Valle Hebron, Serv Med Interna Hepatol, Liver Unit, Pg Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain. OI Vargas Blasco, Victor Manuel/0000-0002-7190-6948 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1074-3022 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT SUR JI Liver Transplant. Surg. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1002/lt.500040407 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 142DE UT WOS:000077184000012 PM 9649647 ER PT J AU Dugar, A Patanow, C O'Callaghan, JP Lakoski, JM AF Dugar, A Patanow, C O'Callaghan, JP Lakoski, JM TI Immunohistochemical localization and quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein (mol. wt 25000) in the ageing hippocampus following administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine); 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine; fimbria-fornix/cingulum bundle; hippocampus; glial fibrillary acidic protein; synaptosomal-associated protein (mol. wt 25,000) ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; AGED RATS; REACTIVE ASTROCYTES; NEURONAL DAMAGE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; DENTATE GYRUS; EXPRESSION; DEGENERATION AB Responses to injury in the ageing hippocampus were assessed utilizing the synaptic markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein (mol. wt 25,000) following administration of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, into the fimbria-fornix and cingulum bundle to denervate serotonergic afferent input to the dorsal hippocampus. Age-dependent alterations in hippo campal immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptosomal-associated protein were evaluated in female Fischer 344 rats following serotonergic deafferentation with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Across the lifespan, as indicated by measurements taken at three, 18, 21 and 29 months, marked increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not synaptosomal-associated protein immunoreactivity, occurred throughout the hippocampus at 21 and 79 months compared to three and 18 months. Following three weeks pretreatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (20 mu g total dose) or vehicle (0.1% ascorbic saline; 2 mu l total volume) infused in the fimbria-fornix/cingulum bundle, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated marked increases of glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not synaptosomal-associated protein, in the 18-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine group compared to the 18-month vehicle and 3-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine groups. Additionally, a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein concentration was found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the 18-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine group compared to the 18-month vehicle and three-month 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine groups. These results demonstrate that selective neurotoxicant damage of the hippocampal serotonergic system differentially alters the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. This approach may provide a valuable tool to determine the ability of the hippocampus to respond to age-related neurodegenerative injury. (C) 1998 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesia, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div TMBB MS 3014, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Lakoski, JM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, 500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG10514] NR 55 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 85 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00606-4 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZH341 UT WOS:000073098300011 PM 9607708 ER PT J AU Stevens, J Plankey, MW Williamson, DF Thun, MJ Rust, PF Palesch, Y O'Neil, PM AF Stevens, J Plankey, MW Williamson, DF Thun, MJ Rust, PF Palesch, Y O'Neil, PM TI The body mass index-mortality relationship in white and African American women SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE all-cause mortality; CVD mortality; body mass index; racial differences ID SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RELATIVE WEIGHT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; BLACK-WOMEN AB Objective: To examine the association of body mass index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in white and African American women. Research methods and procedures: Women who were members of the American Cancer Society Prevention Study I were examined in 1959 to 1960 and then followed 12 years for vital status. Data for this analysis were from 8,142 black and 100,000 white women. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards modeling with some analyses stratified by smoking (current or never) and educational status (less than complete high school or high school graduate). Results: There was a significant interaction between ethnicity and BMI for both all-cause (p<0.05) and CVD mortality (p<0.001). BMI (as a continuous variable) was associated with all-cause mortality in white women in all four groups defined by smoking and education. In black women with less than a high school education, there were no significant associations between BMI mortality. For high school-educated black women, there was a significant association between BMI and all-cause mortality. Among never smoking women with at least a high school education, models using the lowest BMI as the reference indicated a 40% higher risk of all-cause mortality at a BMI of 35.9 in black women vs. 27.3 in white women. Discussion: The impact of BMI on mortality was modified by educational level in black women; however, BMI was a less potent risk factor in black women than in white women in the same category of educational status. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Stevens, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 53 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 6 IS 4 BP 268 EP 277 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 100VD UT WOS:000074835300003 PM 9688103 ER PT J AU Chin, KM Sidhu, JS Janssen, RS Weber, JT AF Chin, KM Sidhu, JS Janssen, RS Weber, JT TI Invasive cervical cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected hospital patients SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HIV-INFECTION; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK; DYSPLASIA; CARE AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of invasive cervical cancer in women with, and in women without, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, so as to evaluate the inclusion of invasive cervical cancer in the AIDS surveillance case definition. Methods: The Sentinel Hospital Surveillance System for HIV Infection collected data and serum specimens that remained after clinical testing of persons who received inpatient or outpatient care at 14 hospitals with high HIV prevalence. We analyzed data on invasive cervical cancer obtained from medical record review and HIV serostatus from white, black, and Hispanic women in the age groups 20-34, 35-44, and 45-54 years. Results: In 1991 and 1995, 2684 (6.6%) of the 40,524 women sampled were HIV infected. Of the HIV-positive women, 28 had invasive cervical cancer (10.4 per 1000 women) and of the HIV-negative women, 236 had invasive cervical cancer (6.2 per 1000 women, relative risk [RR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 2.5). The prevalence of invasive cervical cancer was higher for HIV-positive than for HIV-negative black women aged 20-34 (RR 3.8; CI 1.7, 8.5) and Hispanic women aged 20-34 (RR 7.3; CI 1.1, 37.1) and 35-44 (RR 3.9; CI 1.1, 14.7) years. Twenty-six of the 28 cases of invasive cervical cancer in HIV-positive women were in women known to be HIV-positive during admission. Conclusion: The prevalence of invasive cervical cancer was higher for women who were HIV positive than for women who were HIV negative. This lends support to the inclusion of invasive cervical cancer in the revision of the surveillance case definition for AIDS in 1993. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sent Hosp Surveill Syst HIV Infect Princ Inv, Prev Serv Res Branch,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prev, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveill & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weber, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sent Hosp Surveill Syst HIV Infect Princ Inv, Prev Serv Res Branch,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prev, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveill & Epidemiol, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jtw5@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU406219, U62/CCU306213, U62/CCU206208] NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 92 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00140-9 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZV533 UT WOS:000074314300018 PM 9649099 ER PT J AU Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Stout, NA Reed, LD Gilbert, SJ AF Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Stout, NA Reed, LD Gilbert, SJ TI Trends in rates of occupational fatal injuries in the United States (1983-92) SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Poisson regression AB Objectives-An updated version of a national surveillance system of traumatic occupational fatalities was used to explore adjusted and unadjusted trends in rates of fatal injury. Methods-Data from the national traumatic occupational fatalities surveillance system were combined with data on employment from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Poisson regression was then used to examine trends in rates of occupational fatality injuries while controlling for demographic and workplace characteristics. Results-Adjusted annual changes in rates of fatal injuries ranged from a decline of 6.2% for workers in technical and administrative support occupations-for example, health, science, and engineering technicians, pilots, computer programmers-to an increase of 1.6% in machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. For industries, annual changes ranged from a decline of 5.3% for workers in public administration-for example, justice, public order, and safety workers to an increase of 2.6% for workers in the wholesale trade. By comparison, the annual decline over all industries and occupations was 3.1%. In many industries and occupations, an effect modification of annual trends by the age of the worker was also found with the oldest workers experiencing either no decline or a significant increase in rates of fatal injuries. Conclusions-This general pattern of decline, adjusted for the effects of demographic characteristics of the worker population, is encouraging; however, increases in rates of fatal injuries found in particular industries and occupations, suggest appropriate targets for increased injury prevention efforts. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 9 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 55 IS 7 BP 485 EP 489 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZX891 UT WOS:000074565800009 PM 9816383 ER PT J AU Rogan, WJ AF Rogan, WJ CA Treatment Lead Exposed Children Trial Group TI The treatment of lead-exposed children (TLC) trial: design and recruitment for a study of the effect of oral chelation on growth and development in toddlers SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINCINNATI LEAD; INTELLIGENCE; COHORT; AGE AB Exposure to lead impairs cognitive development in young children, but the benefits of lowering blood lead pharmacologically are not clear. This report describes the design, recruitment, enrolment and baseline results of the Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children (TLC) trial, a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of the effects of treating lead-exposed children with succimer, a drug that enhances urinary excretion of lead, on cognitive, behavioural and physical development. TLC clinical sites were in Baltimore, Cincinnati and Columbus, Newark and Philadelphia. Children were eligible for TLC if they were between 12 and 33 months of age, had a confirmed blood lead concentration between 20 and 44 mu g/dL and lived in a residence suitable for lead dust reduction. Randomised children received up to three 26-day courses of succimer or placebo, and were then followed for 3 years. The study can detect a three-point difference in full-scale IQ at 3-year follow-up. Statistical power for the other end points is more difficult to estimate. A total of 1854 children were evaluated and 780 children were randomised between August 1994 and January 1997. The mean age of randomised children was 24 months and mean blood lead level 26 mu g/dL. Three-quarters were African-American. Most children had poor, single mothers who had completed 12 or fewer years of school and who lived in older, poorly maintained residences. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Childrens Hosp Columbus, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CDC, Nutr Biochem Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rogan, WJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 313 EP 333 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 105QP UT WOS:000075085400008 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Morrow, AL Butterfoss, FD Stallings, V AF Rosenthal, J Morrow, AL Butterfoss, FD Stallings, V TI Design and baseline results of an immunization community intervention trial in Norfolk, Virginia SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA USA. Norfolk Dept Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, MS-E52,12 Corp Sq,Rm 4203, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 7 BP 418 EP 423 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100WU UT WOS:000074839000007 PM 9677613 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Mize, J AF Shefer, A Mize, J TI Primary care providers and WIC: Improving immunization coverage among high-risk children SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; VACCINATION LEVELS; MEASLES; CITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shefer, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-52,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 7 BP 428 EP 433 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100WU UT WOS:000074839000008 PM 9677614 ER PT J AU Yusuf, H Averhoff, F Smith, N Brink, E AF Yusuf, H Averhoff, F Smith, N Brink, E TI Adolescent immunization: Rationale, recommendations, and implementation strategies SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yusuf, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Mailstop E-52,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 7 BP 436 EP 444 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100WU UT WOS:000074839000009 PM 9677615 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Hibbs, B AF Chen, RT Hibbs, B TI Vaccine safety: Current and future challenges SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION; ADVERSE EVENTS; SURVEILLANCE; DECISIONS; SYSTEM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 69 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 7 BP 445 EP 455 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100WU UT WOS:000074839000010 PM 9677616 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Holman, RC Bresee, JS Clarke, MJ Rhodes, PH Davis, RL Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Marcy, SM Vadheim, CM Ward, JI Chen, RT Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Holman, RC Bresee, JS Clarke, MJ Rhodes, PH Davis, RL Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Marcy, SM Vadheim, CM Ward, JI Chen, RT Glass, RI CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Epidemiology of diarrheal disease among children enrolled in four west coast health maintenance organizations SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; diarrhea; epidemiology; databases; hospitalizations; rotavirus ID UNITED-STATES; ROTAVIRUS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; VACCINES AB Background We used information from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) about similar to 1 million children enrolled in four health maintenance organizations to assess the morbidity from diarrhea and estimate the disease burden of rotavirus. Methods. We examined trends of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits among VSD children ages 1 month through 4 years during October, 1992, through September, 1994 (two rotavirus seasons) and estimated the morbidity from rotavirus on the basis of characteristic patterns of age and seasonality. Results. Overall diarrhea was associated with 6.3% of hospitalizations and 4% of ER visits. During a child's first 5 years of life, we estimated that 1 in 57 was hospitalized and 1 in 21 required an ER visit because of diarrhea. Each year the number of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and ER visits was greatest in winter among children ages 4 to 23 months and peaked in November in California and during February in Oregon and Washington. The winter seasonality of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations reflected the trends for diarrhea of presumed noninfectious and viral etiologies, which together accounted for most (92.9%) hospitalizations. Conclusions. Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity among VSD children. The epidemiologic patterns of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and ER visits resembled those reported previously for rotavirus diarrhea, suggesting that rotavirus may be a major contributor to the overall morbidity from diarrhea. Enhanced surveillance by screening for rotavirus in a sample of children with diarrhea will permit a more accurate assessment of the disease burden of this pathogen and the cost effectiveness of a rotavirus immunization program. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. MRI Consulting Inc, Torrance, CA USA. CDC, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 7 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1097/00006454-199807000-00006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 101JY UT WOS:000074866900005 PM 9686726 ER PT J AU Unicomb, LE Banu, NN Azim, T Islam, A Bardhan, PK Faruque, ASG Hall, A Moe, CL Noel, JS Monroe, SS Albert, MJ Glass, RI AF Unicomb, LE Banu, NN Azim, T Islam, A Bardhan, PK Faruque, ASG Hall, A Moe, CL Noel, JS Monroe, SS Albert, MJ Glass, RI TI Astrovirus infection in association with acute, persistent and nosocomial diarrhea in Bangladesh SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrovirus; diarrhea; Bangladesh; persistent diarrhea; children ID ROTAVIRUS; CHILDREN; IMMUNOASSAY; INFANTS; AGE AB Background Diarrhea is an important public health concern in developing countries such as Bangladesh. Diarrhea in children that persists for 14 days or more occurs in 7% of patients in Bangladesh and frequently results in death. Astrovirus has been demonstrated as a cause of acute and nosocomial diarrhea and can be excreted for prolonged periods, yet its importance as a cause of diarrhea among children in a developing country like Bangladesh has not been investigated. Methods. We tested 629 stool specimens from patients with acute diarrhea, 153 from patients with persistent diarrhea, 175 specimens from 76 patients hospitalized for diarrhea who were sampled repeatedly to detect nosocomial infection and 428 from nonhospitalized healthy children (controls). All children enrolled in the study were <5 years of age. Astrovirus was detected by enzyme immunoassay and other enteropathogens were detected by standard techniques. Results, The detection of astrovirus increased significantly with the duration of diarrhea. Astrovirus was found in 23 (15%) specimens from patients with persistent diarrhea, 26 (4%) patients with acute diarrhea, but only 8 (2%) healthy controls. This trend remained when we limited our analysis to infants <12 months of age and to episodes in which astrovirus was the sole pathogen. Among patients with nosocomial diarrhea, 16% of postadmission specimens were positive for astrovirus when the admission specimen was negative. Conclusion. The observation that astrovirus is detected more frequently with diarrhea of increasing duration suggests the need for further studies to determine whether astrovirus plays a causative role in persistent diarrhea or is a secondary agent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Clin Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rig2@cdc.gov RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012; OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 18 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 7 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1097/00006454-199807000-00007 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 101JY UT WOS:000074866900006 PM 9686727 ER PT J AU Kogan, MD Alexander, GR Jack, BW Allen, MC AF Kogan, MD Alexander, GR Jack, BW Allen, MC TI The association between adequacy of prenatal care utilization and subsequent pediatric care utilization in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE prenatal care utilization; pediatric care utilization; well-child care; immunizations ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE; REGULAR SOURCE; US PRESCHOOL; AGE-CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; VACCINATION; POPULATION; BENEFITS AB Objective. To explore the association between adequacy of prenatal care utilization and subsequent pediatric care utilization. Design. A longitudinal follow-up of a nationally representative sample of infants born in 1988. Participants. Nine thousand four hundred forty women who had a live birth in 1988, and whose child was alive at the time of interview, and 8285 women from the original sample who were reinterviewed in 1991. Main Outcome Measure. There were four outcome measures: number of well-child visits; adequate immunization for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis; adequate immunization for polio; and continuity of a regular source of care, as measured by the number of sites for pediatric care. Results. Children whose mothers had less than adequate prenatal care utilization had significantly fewer well-child visits, and were significantly less likely to have adequate immunizations, even after income, health insurance coverage, content of prenatal care, wantedness of child, sites of prenatal and pediatric care, and maternal and pregnancy risk characteristics were taken into account. Less than adequate prenatal care utilization was not associated with having more than one pediatric care site. Conclusions. Prenatal care utilization can be used to identify and target interventions to women who are at risk for not obtaining well-child care or complete immunizations for their children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kogan, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1542/peds.102.1.25 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100CF UT WOS:000074795800005 PM 9651409 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ AF Jackson, RJ TI The exposure of children to lead, by J. Julian Chisholm and Harold E. Harrison, Pediatrics, 1956 : 18;943-958 - Commentary SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, F29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 SU 1 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 100CG UT WOS:000074795900019 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, C Ruggiero, D Schneider, E McCray, E Onorato, IM Phillips, L Donnell, HD AF Weinbaum, C Ruggiero, D Schneider, E McCray, E Onorato, IM Phillips, L Donnell, HD TI TB reporting SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinbaum, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 113 IS 4 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ717 UT WOS:000074760000004 PM 9672556 ER PT J AU Lezin, N Quinn, SC Zaro, S Baer, K Katz, M AF Lezin, N Quinn, SC Zaro, S Baer, K Katz, M TI Perceptions of public health SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Rosenau Hall,CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-93-0653] NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 113 IS 4 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZZ717 UT WOS:000074760000025 PM 9672570 ER PT J AU Schrader, SM Langford, RE Turner, RW Breitenstein, MJ Clark, JC Jenkins, BL Lundy, DO Simon, SD Weyandt, TB AF Schrader, SM Langford, RE Turner, RW Breitenstein, MJ Clark, JC Jenkins, BL Lundy, DO Simon, SD Weyandt, TB TI Reproductive function in relation to duty assignments among military personnel SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semen analysis; army; military; radar; howitzer; exposure; occupational ID SEMEN AB As a follow-up to the pilot study of semen quality of soldiers with various military assignments a larger, more complete study was conducted. Soldiers were recruited at Fort Hood, Texas. Thirty-three men were exposed to radar as part of their duty assignment in the Signal Corps, 57 men were involved with firing the 155 mm howitzer (potential lead exposure), and 103 soldiers had neither lead nor radar exposure and served as the comparison control group. Both serum and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and serum, salivary, and urine testosterone levels were determined in all men. A complete semen analysis was conducted on each soldier. For statistical analysis, the primary study variables were: sperm concentration, sperm/ejaculate, semen volume, percent normal morphology, percent motile, percent viable (both vital stain and hypoosmotic swelling), curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity, sperm head length, width, area, and perimeter. Variables were adjusted for significant confounders (e.g., abstinence, sample age, race). No statistical differences (P < 0.05) were observed in any measurement. While these results are in agreement with two previous studies assessing soldiers firing the 155-mm howitzer, they contradict our previous report indicating that radar exposure caused a significant decrease in sperm numbers. A possible explanation is that the radar exposure in this study was that used in Signal Corps operations while the men in the previous study were using different radar as part of military intelligence operations. The data presented here in men firing the 155-mm howitzer combined with the results from the previous studies confirms that there are no deficits in semen quality in these men. The contradiction between the results of the radar exposure studies indicates that more data are needed to evaluate the relationship of military radar and male reproductive health. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. 227th Med Detachment, Corps 1, Ft Lewis, WA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schrader, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-C23,46776 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00023-9 PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 104EN UT WOS:000075001900006 PM 9717697 ER PT J AU Warner, L Clay-Warner, J Boles, J Williamson, J AF Warner, L Clay-Warner, J Boles, J Williamson, J TI Assessing condom use practices - Implications for evaluating method and user effectiveness SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; PREVENT INCIDENT STDS; PREEJACULATORY FLUID; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; MEN; PARTNERS; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE; TRIALS AB Background: Consistent and correct condom use remains important to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. Although many studies evaluate consistent condom use, few examine how condoms are used during intercourse, Goals: Assess how user practices affect exposure to risks of pregnancy and infection during condom use. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey on condom behaviors in the past month was conducted among 98 male students attending two Georgia universities. Results: Altogether, 35 of 270 total: condom uses (13.0%, 95% confidence interval, 7.4-18.5) resulted in potential exposure to sexually transmitted disease and/or HIV infection or pregnancy. Both consistent and inconsistent users were similarly likely to report potential exposures during condom use. Conclusion: These findings suggest condom problems occur among both consistent and inconsistent users. Future studies of condom effectiveness must distinguish whether condoms were used both consistently and correctly. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Sociol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Clay-Warner, Jody/P-8974-2014 OI Clay-Warner, Jody/0000-0001-5585-524X NR 27 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1097/00007435-199807000-00001 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZY240 UT WOS:000074600300001 PM 9662759 ER PT J AU Toomey, KE Peterman, TA Dicker, LW Zaidi, AA Wroten, JE Carolina, J AF Toomey, KE Peterman, TA Dicker, LW Zaidi, AA Wroten, JE Carolina, J TI Human immunodeficiency virus partner notification - Cost and effectiveness data from an attempted randomized controlled trial SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; PREVENTION; SYPHILIS AB Objective: Determine the cost and effectiveness of partner notification for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: Persons testing HIV positive in three areas were randomly assigned one of four approaches to partner notification. Analysis plans changed because disease intervention specialists notified many partners from the patient referral group. We dropped the patient referral group and combined the others to assess the cost and effectiveness of provider referral. Results: The 1,070 patients reported 8,633 partners. Of those, 1,035 were located via record search or in person. A previous positive test was reported by 248 partners. Of the 787 others, 560 were tested: 438 were HIV negative and 122 were newly identified as HIV positive. The intervention specialist's time totaled 197 minutes per index patient. The cost of the intervention specialist's time, travel, and overhead was $268,425: $251 per index patient, $427 per partner notified, or $2,200 per new HIV infection identified. No demographic characteristic of the index patient strongly predicted the likelihood of finding an infected partner, Conclusion: We could not compare the effectiveness of different partner notification approaches because of frequent crossover between randomized groups. The cost of partner notification can be compared with other approaches to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention, but the benefits are not easily measured. We do not know the number of HIV cases prevented or the value of fulfilling the ethical obligation to warn partners of a potential threat to their health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Toomey, KE (reprint author), CDC, Informat Disseminat Commun Off, Natl ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1097/00007435-199807000-00008 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZY240 UT WOS:000074600300008 PM 9662766 ER PT J AU Macke, BA Keenan, HA Kassler, WJ AF Macke, BA Keenan, HA Kassler, WJ TI Partner notification strategies for sexually transmitted diseases SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Macke, BA (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 329 EP 330 DI 10.1097/00007435-199807000-00012 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZY240 UT WOS:000074600300012 PM 9662770 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Tatham, LM Pamuk, ER Heath, CW AF Kahn, HS Tatham, LM Pamuk, ER Heath, CW TI Are geographic regions with high income inequality associated with risk of abdominal weight gain? SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE abdomen; health status indicators; income; obesity; socioeconomic factors; weight gain ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OLDER WOMEN; GENDER DIFFERENCES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP AB Geographic regions characterized by income inequality are associated with adverse mortality statistics, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms that mediate this ecologic relationship have not been elucidated. This study used a United States mail survey of 34 158 male and 42 741 female healthy-adult volunteers to test the association between residence in geographic regions with relative income inequality and the likelihood of weight gain at the waist. Respondents came from 21 states that were characterized by the household income inequality (HII) index, a measure reflecting the proportion of total income received by the more well off 50% of households in the slate. The main outcome measure was self-reported weight gain mainly at the waist as opposed to weight gain at other anatomic sites. After controlling for age, other individual-level factors, and each slate's median household income, men's likelihood of weight gain at the waist was positively associated (p = 0.0008) with the HII index. Men from states with a high HII (households above the median receive 81.6% to 82.6% of the income) described weight gain at the waist more often than men from stales with a low HII (households above the median receive 77.0% to 78.5% of the income) (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.22). Women's results showed a non-significant trend in the same direction. An association between ecologically defined socio-environmental stress and abdominal obesity may help to clarify the pathophysiologic pathways leading to several major chronic diseases. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10081-8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ZW420 UT WOS:000074409200001 PM 9683373 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AI Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Qureshi, AI Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Impaired glucose tolerance and the likelihood of nonfatal stroke and myocardial infarction - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; glucose tolerance; myocardial infarction; stroke ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; MEN AB Background and Purpose-Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effect of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the risk remains unclear. We determined whether IGT was associated with an increased likelihood for stroke and myocardial infarction in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods-We evaluated the association between IGT (defined as a fasting glucose level of <140 mg/dL and a plasma glucose level of between 140 and 200 mg/dL 2 hours after administration of 75 grams of an oral glucose load) and DM (defined as the current use of insulin or an oral hypoglycemic medication, a fasting plasma glucose level of >140 mg/dL, or a plasma glucose level of >200 mg/dL 2 hours after administration of an oral glucose load) with a self-reported physician diagnosis of stroke and myocardial infarction in 6547 adults aged 40 to 74 years participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate these relationships. Results-IGT and DM were observed in 1494 and 1532 adults, respectively. After adjustment for differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, hypertension, cholesterol, body mass index, and cigarette smoking, IGT was not associated with stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5 to 1.6) or myocardial infarction (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.6). DM was associated with both stroke (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.6) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.8). Conclusions-In contrast to DM, IGT was not associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent nonfatal stroke or myocardial infarction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Hosp, Div Neurosci Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HWG0@CDC.GOV NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 1998 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1329 EP 1332 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZX128 UT WOS:000074482200009 PM 9660382 ER PT J AU Roney, N Henriques, WD Fay, M Holler, JS Susten, SS AF Roney, N Henriques, WD Fay, M Holler, JS Susten, SS TI Determining priority hazardous substances related to hazardous waste sites SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hazardous substances; priority list; toxicity; waste sites C1 US PHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roney, N (reprint author), US PHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1177/074823379801400403 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZY471 UT WOS:000074624600003 PM 9664643 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Harrison, LJS Parkhouse, RME Montenegro, T Martinez, SM Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH AF Garcia, HH Harrison, LJS Parkhouse, RME Montenegro, T Martinez, SM Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE neurocysticercosis; Taenia solium; diagnosis; antigen detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID LARVAL TAENIA-SOLIUM; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MAJOR CAUSE; CYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIBODIES; EPILEPSY; DISEASE; THERAPY; ASSAY AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antigen secreted by viable Taenia solium metacestodes (Ag-ELISA) was applied to 43 pre-treatment and 47 follow-up cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Peruvian patients with neurocysticercosis demonstrated by computed tomography and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay. The sensitivity of the assay was 86%. Negative pretreatment results in the Ag-ELISA test were restricted to patients with only a single live cyst or only enhancing lesions. Patients with hydrocephalus had higher levels of circulating antigen. There was no difference between antigen levels in CSF taken before and immediately after treatment (day 14). Levels of parasite antigen were significantly positively correlated with the number of live cysts detected by tomography and were also proportional to the number and intensity of antibody reactions recognized by the immunoblot diagnostic test. In contrast, there was a negative correlation with the number of enhancing lesions revealed by tomography, supporting the hypothesis that enhancing lesions correspond to a terminal, moribund stage of the parasite. The use of antigen-detection tests specific for viable metacestodes has immediate utility in the clinical context, not only providing important information on the viability of the parasites but also leading to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurocysticercosis before and after drug treatment. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima 31, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Trop Anim Hlth, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Av Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru. EM hgarcia@mail.cosapidata.com.pe OI Parkhouse, Michael/0000-0001-5967-3291; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU PHS HHS [1-U01 A135984-01]; Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 23 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 92 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)91069-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 112BE UT WOS:000075473400014 PM 9850394 ER PT J AU Barat, LM Himonga, B Nkunika, S Ettling, M Ruebush, TK Kapelwa, W Bloland, PB AF Barat, LM Himonga, B Nkunika, S Ettling, M Ruebush, TK Kapelwa, W Bloland, PB TI A systematic approach to the development of a rational malaria treatment policy in Zambia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; drug resistance; treatment policy; chloroquine; sulphadoxine-pyremethamine; Zambia ID CHLOROQUINE; EFFICACY; THERAPY; AFRICA AB Despite the spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum throughout sub-Saharan Africa, chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated infection in most countries. To assess the efficacy of CQ and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Zambia, studies using a standardized 14-day in vivo test were conducted at 6 geographically representative sites. Febrile children less than or equal to 5 years of age were treated with standard doses of CQ or SP and monitored for parasitological failure (using modified WHO criteria) and clinical failure (fever with parasitaemia after completion of therapy). RII/RIII (high to moderate level) parasitological failures were identified in 34% to 70% of CQ-treated children (total N = 300) at the 6 sites and clinical failures in 31% to 48%. SP testing at 2 sites identified RII/RIII failures in 3% and 17% of children and only 1 clinical failure at each site. Because of the high levels of CQ resistance identified in these trials, the Ministry of Health of Zambia convened a national consensus meeting which recommended that Zambia's national malaria treatment policy be modified to make SP available at ail health facilities for use in persons who fail initial therapy with CQ. In addition, selected sites, staff, and the methodology from these studies were used to implement a sentinel surveillance system for antimalarial drug efficacy. This systematic approach to antimalarial drug efficacy testing could be easily replicated in other countries seeking to reassess their malaria treatment policies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Lusaka, Zambia. US Agcy Int Dev, Environm Hlth Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Barat, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LIB8@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 3 IS 7 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00271.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109GA UT WOS:000075312200005 PM 9705187 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Kazembe, PN Oloo, AJ Himonga, B Barat, LM Ruebush, TK AF Bloland, PB Kazembe, PN Oloo, AJ Himonga, B Barat, LM Ruebush, TK TI Chloroquine in Africa: critical assessment and recommendations for monitoring and evaluating chloroquine therapy efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; treatment; drug policy; Africa; drug resistance; chloroquine ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DRUG-RESISTANCE; TREATMENT POLICY; MALARIA; CHILDREN AB Chloroquine-resistant malaria is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. While a few countries have already replaced chloroquine as the first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria or are in the process of doing so, other countries are faced with the complicated task of assessing the current status of drug resistance, making national policy-level decisions about whether to replace chloroquine or not, and initiating a monitoring system to track changes in the efficacy of malaria therapy. There is currently no standardized approach for collecting and interpreting data on therapy efficacy. There is also no agreement as to how much chloroquine resistance or treatment failure is acceptable and how much warrants a change in treatment policy. Using data collected in 10 sites in eastern and southern Africa between 1990 and 1996, we have assessed the therapeutic response to chloroquine and investigated predictors of clinical successor failure. Based on these experiences and analyses, a standardized protocol for in vivo studies of the efficacy of malaria therapy and for approaches to designing monitoring systems are proposed. The process of making policy-level decisions based on data collected by these systems is also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 1998 VL 3 IS 7 BP 543 EP 552 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109GA UT WOS:000075312200006 PM 9705188 ER PT J AU Devine, OJ Smith, JM AF Devine, OJ Smith, JM TI Estimating sample size for epidemiologic studies: The impact of ignoring exposure measurement uncertainty SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COVARIATE MEASUREMENT ERROR; DISEASE; COHORT; MISCLASSIFICATION; POWER AB Sample size requirements for epidemiologic studies are usually determined on the basis of the desired level of statistical power. Suppose, however, that one is planning a study in which the participants' true exposure levels are unobservable, Instead, the analysis will be based on an imprecise surrogate measure that differs from true exposure by some non-negligible amount of measurement error. Sample size estimates for tests of association between the surrogate exposure measure and the outcome of interest may be misleading if they are based solely on the anticipated characteristics of the distribution of surrogate measures in the study population. We examine the accuracy of sample size estimates for cohort studies in which a continuous surrogate exposure measure is subject to either classical or Berkson measurement error. In particular, we evaluate the consequences of not adjusting the sample size estimation procedure for tests based on imprecise exposure measurements to account for anticipated differences between the distributions of the true exposure and the surrogate measure in the study population. As expected, failure to adjust for classical measurement error can lead to underestimation of the required sample size. Disregard of Berkson measurement error, however, can result in sample size estimates that exceed the actual number of participants required for tests of association between the outcome and the surrogate exposure measure. We illustrate this Berkson error effect by estimating sample size for a hypothetical cohort study that examines an association between childhood exposure to radioiodine and the development of thyroid neoplasms. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Devine, OJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop F-35,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ojd1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 30 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1375 EP 1389 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980630)17:12<1375::AID-SIM857>3.0.CO;2-D PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA ZX823 UT WOS:000074559000005 PM 9682326 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Spika, JS Nichol, KL Shapiro, ED Breinan, RF AF Butler, JC Spika, JS Nichol, KL Shapiro, ED Breinan, RF TI Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PNEUMONIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lab Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Minneapolis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 27 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9120 BP 1961 EP 1961 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78647-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZW951 UT WOS:000074464700056 PM 9654289 ER PT J AU Blake, T Castranova, V Schwegler-Berry, D Baron, P Deye, GJ Li, CH Jones, W AF Blake, T Castranova, V Schwegler-Berry, D Baron, P Deye, GJ Li, CH Jones, W TI Effect of fiber length on glass microfiber cytotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID LUCIGENIN CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION; MINERAL FIBERS; INHALATION; LUNG; CELLS AB Fiber length has been implicated as a determinant of fiber toxicity. Fibers of narrowly defined length can be generated by dielectrophoretic classifiers. Since the quantities of fibers produced are very small, we developed a rat alveolar macrophage microculture system to study the toxicity of these samples. The objective of this study was to examine the role of fiber length on the cytotoxicity of Manville code 100 (JM-100) fibers. Rat alveolar macrophages were cultured with 0-500 mu g/ml of 5 lengths of JM-700 fibers on 96-well plates. After 18 h, well supernatants were removed and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to assess cell damage. Chemiluminescence (CL), an assessment of macrophage function, was measured by adding lucigenin with or without zymosan, a particulate stimulus, to appropriate wells. For each fiber length the effects were concentration dependent: CL declined and LDH rose with increasing fiber concentration. Comparing the effects of different lengths showed the greatest toxicity from a relatively long fiber sample (mean length = 17 mu m). Microscopic examination of the interaction of fibers with macrophages revealed multiple macrophages attached along the length of the long fibers. This suggests that frustrated, or incomplete, phagocytosis may be a factor in the increased toxicity of longer fibers. Overall the results demonstrate that length is an important determinant of toxicity for JM-100 fibers. C1 NIOSH, HELD, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Castranova, V (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUN 26 PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 243 EP 259 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZU584 UT WOS:000074212700001 PM 9638898 ER PT J AU Nuorti, JP Butler, JC Crutcher, JM Guevara, R Welch, D Holder, P Elliott, JA AF Nuorti, JP Butler, JC Crutcher, JM Guevara, R Welch, D Holder, P Elliott, JA TI An outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia among unvaccinated nursing home residents SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS AB Background Outbreaks of pneumococcal disease are uncommon and have occurred mainly in institutional settings. Epidemic, invasive, drug-resistant pneumococcal disease has not been seen among adults in the United States. In February 1996, there was an outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia among the residents of a nursing home in rural Oklahoma. Methods We obtained nasopharyngeai swabs for culture from residents and employees. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were serotyped and compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify factors associated with colonization and disease. Results Pneumonia developed in 11 of 84 residents (13 percent), 3 of whom died. Multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae, serotype 23F, was isolated from blood and sputum from 7 of the 11 residents with pneumonia (64 percent) and from nasopharyngeal specimens from 17 of the 74 residents tested (23 percent) and 2 of the 69 employees tested (3 percent). All the serotype 23F isolates were identical according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Recent use of antibiotics was associated with both colonization (relative risk, 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.2) and disease (relative risk, 3.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.8). Only three residents (4 percent) had undergone pneumococcal vaccination. After residents received pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic antibiotics, there were no additional cases of pneumonia, and the rates of carriage decreased substantially. Conclusions In this outbreak a single pneumococcal strain was disseminated among the residents and employees of a nursing home. The high prevalence of colonization with a virulent organism in an unvaccinated population contributed to the high attack rate. Clusters of pneumococcal disease may be underrecognized in nursing homes, and wider use of pneumococcal vaccine is important to prevent institutional outbreaks of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infection. (N Engl J Med 1998;338:1861-8.) (C) 1998, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, MS C-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 78 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 25 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 26 BP 1861 EP 1868 DI 10.1056/NEJM199806253382601 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZV898 UT WOS:000074352800001 PM 9637804 ER PT J AU Bender, B Perry, M Ramsey, F Boeselager, G Mann, L Breslosky, T Ferraro, E Jackson-Thompson, J AF Bender, B Perry, M Ramsey, F Boeselager, G Mann, L Breslosky, T Ferraro, E Jackson-Thompson, J TI Prevalence and impact of chronic joint symptoms - Seven states, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 345-351, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Columbia, MO USA. CDC, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 24 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 24 BP 1940 EP 1941 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU945 UT WOS:000074252100011 ER PT J AU Lantz, PM Sever, LE AF Lantz, PM Sever, LE TI Strategies for providing follow-up and treatment services in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 215-218, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Battelle, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. CDC, Program Serv Branch, Off Director,Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lantz, PM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 24 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 24 BP 1941 EP 1942 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU945 UT WOS:000074252100012 ER PT J AU Limpakarnjanarat, K Ungchusak, K Mastro, TD Young, NL Likhityingvara, C Sangwonloy, O Weniger, BG Pau, CP Dondero, TJ AF Limpakarnjanarat, K Ungchusak, K Mastro, TD Young, NL Likhityingvara, C Sangwonloy, O Weniger, BG Pau, CP Dondero, TJ TI The epidemiological evolution of HIV-1 subtypes B and E among heterosexuals and injecting drug users in Thailand, 1992-1997 SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; BANGKOK C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Limpakarnjanarat, K (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg, Nonthaburi, Thailand. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 18 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1109 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 102HN UT WOS:000074918500022 PM 9662211 ER PT J AU Krug, EG Powell, KE Dahlberg, LL AF Krug, EG Powell, KE Dahlberg, LL TI Suicides after natural disasters - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Krug, EG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 18 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 25 BP 1852 EP 1852 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU443 UT WOS:000074197500024 ER PT J AU Leeper, K Willeford, J Hoff, M Amick, S Parsons, B Buckley, J Hazelwood, J Victery, E Landers, J Shafter, B Janda, S Perez, C Rast, M Cherry, D Hunteman, J Sajak, T Whitfield, J Svenkerud, E Weldon, M Zane, D Perrotta, D Simpson, D Vaca, C AF Leeper, K Willeford, J Hoff, M Amick, S Parsons, B Buckley, J Hazelwood, J Victery, E Landers, J Shafter, B Janda, S Perez, C Rast, M Cherry, D Hunteman, J Sajak, T Whitfield, J Svenkerud, E Weldon, M Zane, D Perrotta, D Simpson, D Vaca, C TI Boat-propeller-related injuries - Texas, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 354-356, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Columbia Med Ctr, Lewisville, TX USA. Denton Reg Med Ctr, Denton, TX USA. Trinity Med Ctr, Brenham, TX USA. Harris Methodist Med Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Palo Pinto Gen Hosp, Palo Pinto, TX 76484 USA. Graham Gen Hosp, Graham, TX 76450 USA. Columbia Med Ctr, Conroe, TX USA. Huntsville Mem Hosp, Huntsville, TX USA. Llano Mem Hosp, Llano, TX USA. Highland Lakes Med Ctr, Burnet, TX USA. Brackenridge Hosp, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leeper, K (reprint author), Columbia Med Ctr, Lewisville, TX USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 23 BP 1858 EP 1858 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT653 UT WOS:000074109700010 ER PT J AU Labarca, J Peterson, C Bendaqa, N Mascola, L Kilman, L Harvey, S Ross, L Meylan, M Teitelbaum, P Waterman, S AF Labarca, J Peterson, C Bendaqa, N Mascola, L Kilman, L Harvey, S Ross, L Meylan, M Teitelbaum, P Waterman, S TI Nosocomial Ralstonia pickettii colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated saline solution - Los Angeles, California, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 285-286, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Svcs, Publ Hlth Microbiol Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Acute Communicable Dis Control, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Labarca, J (reprint author), Acute Communicable Dis Control, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 23 BP 1859 EP 1859 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT653 UT WOS:000074109700011 ER PT J AU Lubniewski, A Sides, S Fisher, C Tess, A Lewis, T Kuhn, L Lusk, R Donnell, D Dodson, D Edelhauser, H Anderson, N AF Lubniewski, A Sides, S Fisher, C Tess, A Lewis, T Kuhn, L Lusk, R Donnell, D Dodson, D Edelhauser, H Anderson, N TI Corneal decompensation after intraocular ophthalmic surgery - Missouri, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 306-309, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, St Louis, MO 63125 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. Emory Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Eval & Field Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lubniewski, A (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, St Louis, MO 63125 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 23 BP 1859 EP 1860 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT653 UT WOS:000074109700012 ER PT J CA Soc Assisted Reprod Technol Execut TI Pregnancy-related death associated with heparin and aspirin treatment for infertility, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 368-371, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN C1 Soc Assisted Reprod Technol, Execut Council, Birmingham, AL USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Br, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Br, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Soc Assisted Reprod Technol, Execut Council, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 23 BP 1860 EP 1861 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT653 UT WOS:000074109700013 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Spitters, C Kobayashi, JM AF Dworkin, MS Spitters, C Kobayashi, JM TI Pertussis in adults SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Everett, WA 98201 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1998 VL 128 IS 12 BP 1047 EP 1047 PN 1 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU474 UT WOS:000074201300017 PM 9625673 ER PT J AU Carpenter, C Feinberg, M Aubry, W Averitt, D Coffin, J Cooper, D Follansbee, S Hamburg, P Harrington, M Hidalgo, J Jaffe, H Landers, D Masur, H Pizzo, P Richman, D Saag, M Schooley, R Stone, V Thompson, M Trono, D Vella, S Walker, B Yeni, P AF Carpenter, C Feinberg, M Aubry, W Averitt, D Coffin, J Cooper, D Follansbee, S Hamburg, P Harrington, M Hidalgo, J Jaffe, H Landers, D Masur, H Pizzo, P Richman, D Saag, M Schooley, R Stone, V Thompson, M Trono, D Vella, S Walker, B Yeni, P CA NIH Panel Define Principles Therapy HIV Infect TI Report of the NIH Panel to Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ZIDOVUDINE COMBINATION THERAPY; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; TYPE-1 RNA LOAD; VIRAL LOAD; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; CUBIC MILLIMETER; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CLINICAL COURSE AB Recent research advances have afforded substantially improved understanding of the biology of HIV infection and the pathogenesis of AIDS. With the advent of sensitive tools for monitoring HIV replication in infected persons, the risk for disease progression and death can be assessed accurately and the efficacy of anti-HIV therapies can be determined directly. Furthermore, when used appropriately, combinations of newly available, potent antiviral therapies can effect prolonged suppression of detectable levels of HIV replication and circumvent the inherent tendency of HIV to generate drug-resistant viral variants. However, as antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection has become increasingly effective, it has also become increasingly complex. Familiarity with recent research advances is needed to ensure that newly available therapies are used in ways that most effectively improve the health and prolong the lives of HIV-infected persons. To enable practitioners and HIV-infected persons to best use rapidly accumulating new information about HIV disease pathogenesis and treatment, the Off ice of AIDS Research of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored the NIH Panel To Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection. This Panel was asked to define essential scientific principles that should be used to guide the most effective use of antiretroviral therapies and viral load testing in clinical practice. On the basis of detailed consideration of the most current data, the Panel delineated 11 principles that address issues of fundamental importance for the treatment of HIV infection. These principles provide the scientific basis for the specific treatment recommendations made by the Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV Infection sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. The reports of both of these panels are provided in this supplement. Together, they summarize new data and provide both the scientific basis and specific guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected persons. This information will be of interest to health care providers, HIV-infected persons, HIV and AIDS educators, public health educators, public health authorities, and all organizations that fund medical care of HIV-infected persons. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Blue Cross Blue Shield Assoc, San Francisco, CA USA. Womens Informat Serv & Exchange, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Davies Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Treatment Act Grp, New York, NY USA. Ctr AIDS Serv Planning & Dev, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA USA. Ist Super Sanita, Virol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. X Bichat Med Sch, Paris, France. RP Carpenter, C (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Vella, Stefano/D-4912-2015 OI Vella, Stefano/0000-0003-2347-5984 NR 107 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1998 VL 128 IS 12 SU S BP 1057 EP 1078 PN 2 PG 22 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU477 UT WOS:000074201700002 ER PT J AU Lee, CN Chen, MY Lin, HS Lee, MC Luo, CC Twu, SJ Lin, RY Chuang, CY AF Lee, CN Chen, MY Lin, HS Lee, MC Luo, CC Twu, SJ Lin, RY Chuang, CY TI HIV type 1 env subtype A variants in Taiwan SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Sch & Grad Inst Med Technol, Coll Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Taipei, Taiwan. US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Taipei Municipal Venereal Dis Control Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Lee, CN (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Sch & Grad Inst Med Technol, Coll Med, 1 Chang Te St, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN 10 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 9 BP 807 EP 809 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.807 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZT875 UT WOS:000074137100011 PM 9643381 ER PT J AU Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Powell, K Onaka, A Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Jiles, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Ramsey, F Huffman, S DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Lane, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R Roe, C Redman, L Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M Borawski, E Wu, G Jia, H AF Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Powell, K Onaka, A Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Jiles, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Ramsey, F Huffman, S DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Lane, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R Roe, C Redman, L Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M Borawski, E Wu, G Jia, H CA CDC TI Self-reported frequent mental distress among adults - United States, 1993-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 325-331, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Substance Abuse & Mental Hlth Svcs Adm, Ctr Mental Hlth Svcs, Survey & Anal Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cook, J (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 22 BP 1772 EP 1773 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR635 UT WOS:000073998500011 ER PT J AU Guerra, FA Sanchez, R Tabony, L VanEgdom, M Pelosi, J Simpson, DM Gerdes, K Quinlisk, MP Bowen, A AF Guerra, FA Sanchez, R Tabony, L VanEgdom, M Pelosi, J Simpson, DM Gerdes, K Quinlisk, MP Bowen, A CA CDC TI Varicella-related deaths among children - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 365-368, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dept, San Antonio, TX 78265 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Blank Childrens Hosp, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guerra, FA (reprint author), San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dept, San Antonio, TX 78265 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 22 BP 1773 EP 1774 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR635 UT WOS:000073998500012 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, EM AF Kilbourne, EM TI Cocaine use and death during heat waves SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ST-LOUIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilbourne, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-62,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 22 BP 1828 EP 1829 DI 10.1001/jama.279.22.1828 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR635 UT WOS:000073998500038 PM 9628717 ER PT J AU Kruger, JMS Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Haddix, AC AF Kruger, JMS Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Haddix, AC TI Cost-effectiveness of the arthritis self-help course SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATIENT EDUCATION; MANAGEMENT; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Arthritis Self-Help Course in reducing the pain of arthritis, the leading cause of disability in the United States and a common problem among older adults. Methods: A decision model was used to examine the cost-effectiveness of the Arthritis Self-Help Course among individuals with arthritis over a 4-year analytic horizon from 2 perspectives, namely, society and the health care system. The Arthritis Self-Help Course was assumed to reduce pain by 20% and physician visits for arthritis by 40% among individuals receiving conventional medical therapy. Estimates for program costs, costs for physician visits, and time and transportation costs were derived from the published literature and expert opinion. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on all relevant parameters. Arthritis pain and costs (program, physician visit plus/minus time and transportation) were expressed as cost per person per unit reduction in pain. Because nearly all analyses showed the program to be cost saving, we simply report the reduction in joint pain and the cost savings, because standardizing cost savings is not a useful concept. Results: From both the societal and health care system perspectives, the Arthritis Self-Help Course was cost saving in base-case analyses (reducing pain by 0.9 units while saving $320 and $267, respectively) and throughout the range of reasonable values used in univariate sensitivity analyses. Cost savings were due primarily to reduced physician visits. Conclusions: The Arthritis Self-Help Course is a cost-saving intervention that further reduces arthritis pain among individuals receiving conventional medical therapy. The benefits for both patients and health care providers warrant its more widespread use as a normal adjunct to conventional therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Prevent Effectiveness Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cgh1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN 8 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 11 BP 1245 EP 1249 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.11.1245 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR234 UT WOS:000073953700012 PM 9625404 ER PT J AU Kelly, PJ Rooney, JJA Marston, EL Jones, DC Regnery, RL AF Kelly, PJ Rooney, JJA Marston, EL Jones, DC Regnery, RL TI Bartonella henselae isolated from cats in Zimbabwe SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Vet Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. Heska Corp, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kelly, PJ (reprint author), Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Vet Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 6 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9117 BP 1706 EP 1706 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77744-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT448 UT WOS:000074088900019 PM 9734895 ER PT J AU Reiter, P AF Reiter, P TI Global warming and vector-borne disease - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 6 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9117 BP 1738 EP 1738 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77779-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZT448 UT WOS:000074088900060 ER PT J AU Pablos-Mendez, A Raviglione, MC Laszlo, A Binkin, N Rieder, HL Bustreo, F Cohn, DL Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, CSB Kim, SJ Chaulet, P Nunn, P AF Pablos-Mendez, A Raviglione, MC Laszlo, A Binkin, N Rieder, HL Bustreo, F Cohn, DL Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, CSB Kim, SJ Chaulet, P Nunn, P CA World Hlth Org Int Union TB Lung Dis Working G TI Global surveillance for antituberculosis-drug resistance, 1994-1997 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EMERGENCE; MORTALITY AB Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens efforts to control the disease. This report describes the prevalence of resistance to four first-line drugs in 35 countries participating in the World Health Organization-lnternational Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance between 1994 and 1997. Methods The data are from cross-sectional surveys and surveillance reports. Participating countries followed guidelines to ensure the use of representative samples, accurate histories of treatment, standardized laboratory methods, and common definitions. A network of reference laboratories provided quality assurance. The median number of patients studied in each country or region was 555 (range, 59 to 14,344). Results Among patients with no prior treatment, a median of 9.9 percent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were resistant to at least one drug (range, 2 to 41 percent); resistance to isoniazid (7.3 percent) or streptomycin (6.5 percent) was more common than resistance to rifampin (1.8 percent) or ethambutol (1.0 percent). The prevalence of primary multidrug resistance was 1.4 percent (range, 0 to 14.4 percent). Among patients with histories of treatment for one month or less, the prevalence of resistance to any of the four drugs was 36.0 percent (range, 5.3 to 100 percent), and the prevalence of multidrug resistance was 13 percent (range, 0 to 54 percent). The overall prevalences were 12.6 percent for single-drug resistance (range, 2.3 to 42.4 percent) and 2.2 percent for multidrug resistance (range, 0 to 22.1 percent). Particularly high prevalences of multidrug resistance were found in the former Soviet Union, Asia, the Dominican Republic, and Argentina. Conclusions Resistance to antituberculosis drugs was found in all 35 countries and regions surveyed, suggesting that it is a global problem. (C) 1998, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Gen Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. WHO, Global TB Program, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Royal Netherlands TB Assoc, The Hague, Netherlands. Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea. RP Pablos-Mendez, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Gen Med, 622 W 168th St,PH-9E-105, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 56 TC 608 Z9 638 U1 3 U2 39 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 4 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 23 BP 1641 EP 1649 DI 10.1056/NEJM199806043382301 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR451 UT WOS:000073978000001 PM 9614254 ER PT J AU Snider, DE Castro, KG AF Snider, DE Castro, KG TI The global threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Snider, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 4 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 23 BP 1689 EP 1690 DI 10.1056/NEJM199806043382309 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZR451 UT WOS:000073978000009 PM 9614262 ER PT J CA CDC TI Measles - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 273-276, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect,Resp & Enter Virus Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Measles Eliminat Act, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Br, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect,Resp & Enter Virus Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 21 BP 1685 EP 1686 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZQ544 UT WOS:000073878700007 ER PT J CA CDC TI Diagnosis and reporting of HIV and AIDS in states with integrated HIV and AIDS surveillance - United States, January 1994 June 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 309-314, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 21 BP 1686 EP 1687 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZQ544 UT WOS:000073878700008 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE Lando, HA Walker, RD Leed-Kelly, A AF Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE Lando, HA Walker, RD Leed-Kelly, A TI Effect of smoking cessation counseling on recovery from alcoholism: findings from a randomized community intervention trial SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article ID ADULT CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; ADDICTIONS; PROGRAM; COHORT AB Aims. To assess the effects of a smoking cessation program for recover,ng alcoholics on use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs after discharge from residential treatment. Design and Setting. A randomized community intervention trial design was employed in which 12 residential drug treatment centers in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska were matched and then randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Participants. Approximately 50 adult residents (inpatients) from each site were followed for 12 months after treatment discharge. Intervention. Participating residents in the six intervention centers received a 4-part, individually tailored, smoking cessation program while those in the six control sites received usual care. Findings. Both moderate and heavy drinking rates were reduced in the intervention group. Intervention site participants were significantly more likely than controls to report alcohol abstinence at both the 6-month (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.09-2.35) and 12-month assessment (OR = 1.84, 95%CI:1.28-2.92). Illicit drug use rates were comparable. Effect of the intervention on tobacco quit rates teas not statistically significant. Conclusions. Counseling alcoholics in treatment to quit smoking does not jeopardize the alcohol recovery process. However, low-intensity tobacco interventions are unlikely to yield high tobacco quit rates. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzb3@cdc.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA09233] NR 33 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 8 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD JUN PY 1998 VL 93 IS 6 BP 877 EP 887 DI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9368779.x PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA ZV421 UT WOS:000074302900009 PM 9744123 ER PT J AU Marks, G Cantero, PJ Simoni, JM AF Marks, G Cantero, PJ Simoni, JM TI Is acculturation associated with sexual risk behaviours? An investigation of HIV-positive Latino men and women SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; DRINKING PATTERNS; SELF-DISCLOSURE; HHANES 1982-84; YOUNG-ADULTS AB This cross-sectional study of 226 HIV-positive Latino men and women sampled and assessed at an outpatient HIV clinic in Los Angeles examined the associations among acculturation, use of a substance before sex, and unsafe sexual behaviour. As acculturation increased, men and women were increasingly likely to have engaged in unsafe sex in the most recent sexual encounter since testing seropositive. In men, the association was partially mediated by use of a substance (primarily alcohol) in the three hours before the sexual encounter; in women, the association was not mediated by drug use. The findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive, secondary prevention programmes for HIV-positive persons. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Yeshiva Univ, Ferkauf Grad Sch Psychol, New York, NY 10033 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD JUN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 3 BP 283 EP 295 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ZX243 UT WOS:000074494500003 PM 9828972 ER PT J AU Norman, LR Kennedy, M Parish, K AF Norman, LR Kennedy, M Parish, K TI Close relationships and safer sex among HIV-infected men with haemophilia SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; AIDS; HEMOPHILIA; DEPRESSION; MORBIDITY; PARTNERS; GAY AB the present study sought to inform future behavioural intervention efforts by obtaining information from HIV-positive heterosexual men with haemophilia about their attitudes towards close relationships, attitude towards risk reduction practices, and actual risk reduction practices. HIV-infected males with haemophilia (n = 358) responded to a self-administered questionnaire. Men who reported being involved in a close relationship (n = 237) were compared with men who said that they were not involved in a close relationship (n = 121). Involved men were more likely than uninvolved men to agree that close relationships provide benefits such as physical intimacy and communication, and that these benefits are important. Men who were not involved perceived more negative consequences of discussing HIV risk reduction with partners (including partner rejection and negative emotional reactions) than did involved men and were more concerned about the potential negative consequences of risk reduction discussions. Involvement was associated with having disclosed HIV-seropositivity and having discussed HIV risk reduction. Risk reduction interventions for men with haemophilia who are not involved in close, sexual relationships should address positive and negative attitudes towards close relationships and towards discussing risk reduction. Interventions should emphasize communication skills and rehearsal of serostatus disclosure as well as of risk reduction discussions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Huntington Hosp, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Norman, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD JUN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 3 BP 339 EP 354 PG 16 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ZX243 UT WOS:000074494500008 PM 9828977 ER PT J AU Kullman, GJ Thorne, PS Waldron, PF Marx, JJ Ault, B Lewis, DM Siegel, PD Olenchock, SA Merchant, JA AF Kullman, GJ Thorne, PS Waldron, PF Marx, JJ Ault, B Lewis, DM Siegel, PD Olenchock, SA Merchant, JA TI Organic dust exposures from work in dairy barns SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ammonia; bioaerosol; dairy barns; endotoxin; histamine; organic dust ID BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS; STORAGE MITES; COTTON DUST; ENDOTOXIN; FARMERS; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENT; HISTAMINE; HEALTH; AGENTS AB Environmental surveys were conducted in 85 barns, predominantly dairy, in central Wisconsin to characterize exposures to organic dusts and dust constituents from routine barn work. Environmental analytes included airborne dusts (total, inhalable inlet, and respirable), particle size distributions, endotoxins, total spore and bacteria counts, viable bacteria and fungi, histamine, cow urine antigen, mite antigen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of airborne dusts include area total, 0.74 mg/m(3); personal inhalable inlet, 1.78 mg/m(3); and area respirable, 0.07 mg/m(3). Viable bacteria and fungi, spores, endotoxins, histamine, cow urine antigen, and mite antigen were quantifiable constituents of these organic dusts and potential respiratory exposure hazards from routine dairy barn work. Endotoxin concentrations from the inhalable inlet samples ranged from 25.4 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU/m(3)) to 34,800 EU/m(3). The GM endotoxin concentration from these samples, 647 EU/m(3), exceeds estimated threshold exposure levels for respiratory health effects. Ammonia was a common irritant quantified in most dairy barns. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of organic dusts and certain dust constituents, although in most instances these correlations were not strong. These sampling results demonstrate the complex nature of organic dusts and provide quantitative description of the exposures to toxic and immunogenic dust constituents during routine barn work. C1 NIOSH, Clin Invest Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, ALOSH,CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Iowa, Inst Rural & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Kullman, GJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Clin Invest Branch, Div Resp Dis Studies, ALOSH,CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 64 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 59 IS 6 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0403:ODEFWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY052 UT WOS:000074581800010 PM 9670470 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI ELPAT Program Report: Background and current status (November 1997) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAD C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Sci & Engn,Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Sci & Engn,Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 59 IS 6 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZY052 UT WOS:000074581800013 PM 9670472 ER PT J AU Zalenski, RJ Rydman, RJ Ting, S Kampe, L Selker, HP AF Zalenski, RJ Rydman, RJ Ting, S Kampe, L Selker, HP TI A national survey of emergency department chest pain centers in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB Although chest pain centers are promoted as improving emergency cardiac care, no data exist on their structure and processes. This national study determines the 1995 prevalence rate for emergency department (ED)-based chest pain centers in the United States and compares organizational differences of EDs with and without such centers. A mail survey was directed to 476 EDs randomly selected from the American Hospital Association's database of metropolitan hospitals (n = 2,309); the response rate was 63%, The prevalence of chest pain centers was 22.5% (95% confidence interval 18% to 27%), which yielded a projection of 520 centers in the United States in 1995.; EDs with centers had higher overall patient volumes, greater use of high-technology testing, lower treatment times for thrombolytic therapy, and more advertising tall p <0.05). Hospitals with centers had greater market competition and more beds per annual admissions, cardiac catheterization, and open heart surgery capability tall p <0.05). logistic regression identified open heart surgery, high-admission volumes, and nonprofit status as independent predictors of hospitals having chest pain centers, Thus, chest pain centers have a moderate prevalence, offer more services and marketing efforts than standard EDs, and tend to be hosted by large nonprofit hospitals, (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Detroit, MI 48324 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Detroit, MI 48324 USA. Univ Illinois, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Div Hlth Policy & Adm, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Cincinnati, NIOSH, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth Serv Res,Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zalenski, RJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, UHC 8D,4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48324 USA. NR 13 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00159-3 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZR823 UT WOS:000074017900005 PM 9631967 ER PT J AU Kieffer, EC Alexander, GR Kogan, MD Himes, JH Herman, WH Mor, JM Hayashi, R AF Kieffer, EC Alexander, GR Kogan, MD Himes, JH Herman, WH Mor, JM Hayashi, R TI Influence of diabetes during pregnancy on gestational age-specific newborn weight among US black and US white infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; blacks; diabetes mellitus; fetal macrosomia; gestational age; pregnancy; prenatal care; whites ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL MACROSOMIA; RISK-FACTORS; CESAREAN DELIVERY; PRENATAL-CARE; WOMEN; MOTHERS; GROWTH; TERM AB This study examined the impact of maternal diabetes on birth weight for gestational age patterns of all term black infants and white infants in the United States using data derived from the 1990-1991 US Live Birth File of the National Center for Health Statistics. Infants of both black mothers and white mothers exhibited the expected fetal overgrowth associated with maternal diabetes. However, the increase in birth weight was much greater in infants of black than white diabetic mothers in comparison with their nondiabetic counterparts, as measured by the discrepancy in birth weight between infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers at each gestational week, the incidence of large for gestational age, high birth weight, small for gestational age, and low birth weight. After adjustment for maternal hypertension, prenatal care use, and sociodemographic factors, the disparity in mean birth weight associated with diabetes was 211.67 g in black infants and 115.74 g in white infants. The adjusted odds ratios of birth weight greater than or equal to 4,000 g were 2.98 (95% confidence interval 2.89-3.12) for black infants and 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.79-1.89) for white infants. Given the potential risks for mothers and infants consequent to maternal diabetes and fetal hyperinsulinemia, further investigation of the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of diabetes during pregnancy among black mothers and infants is warranted. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Kieffer, EC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ 9040] NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1061 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZQ373 UT WOS:000073854700008 PM 9620049 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Elam-Evans, LD Wilson, HG Gilbertz, DA AF Adams, MM Elam-Evans, LD Wilson, HG Gilbertz, DA TI Risk of recurrence of preterm delivery, Georgia, 1980-1992. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 75 BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800075 ER PT J AU Beckles, GLA Narayan, KMV Engelgau, ME AF Beckles, GLA Narayan, KMV Engelgau, ME TI Self-rated health among adults with diabetes in the US, 1995. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 285 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800285 ER PT J AU Blackmore-Prince, C Kieke, B Kugaraj, K Ferre, C Elam-Evans, L Gaudino, J Overpeck, M AF Blackmore-Prince, C Kieke, B Kugaraj, K Ferre, C Elam-Evans, L Gaudino, J Overpeck, M TI Racial differences in the patterns of preterm delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 96 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800097 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE AF Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE TI Safety and efficacy of a smoking cessation program for recovering alcoholics. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 233 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800234 ER PT J AU Burr, R Nekomoto, T Kanenaka, B Schwartz, B Levine, O Effler, P AF Burr, R Nekomoto, T Kanenaka, B Schwartz, B Levine, O Effler, P TI A foodborne outbreak of scarlet fever. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hawaii Hlth Dept, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA L3 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800366 ER PT J AU Caplan, LS Hall, HI Levine, RS Zhu, K AF Caplan, LS Hall, HI Levine, RS Zhu, K TI Preventable risk factors of nasal cancer. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 294 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800295 ER PT J AU Coates, RJ Hall, HI Uhler, R Potischman, N Ballard-Barbash, R Brinton, LA Swanson, CA AF Coates, RJ Hall, HI Uhler, R Potischman, N Ballard-Barbash, R Brinton, LA Swanson, CA TI Risk of breast cancer in young women in relation to body size and weight gain in adolescence and early adulthood. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 168 BP S42 EP S42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800169 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Yip, R Brittenham, GM AF Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Yip, R Brittenham, GM TI Inaccuracy of capillary hemoglobin testing for the detection of anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 206 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800208 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Kieltyka, E Hall, D Wolman, F Spitz, A Hillis, S Hayes, EB AF Curtis, KM Kieltyka, E Hall, D Wolman, F Spitz, A Hillis, S Hayes, EB TI Evaluating teen pregnancy rates in Maine, 1980-1996. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 78 BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800080 ER PT J AU Elam-Evans, LD Adams, MM Bruce, C Elam, GL Flowers, LM Rogers, M AF Elam-Evans, LD Adams, MM Bruce, C Elam, GL Flowers, LM Rogers, M TI Does delayed prenatal care initiation predict inadequate well baby care use? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA L8 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800369 ER PT J AU Glasser, JW Chen, RT Hutchins, SS Markowitz, LE Atkinson, WL Hadler, SC AF Glasser, JW Chen, RT Hutchins, SS Markowitz, LE Atkinson, WL Hadler, SC TI Assessing interventions during epidemics of vaccine-preventable disease: Measles in Dallas, Texas, 1989-'90. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 95 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800095 ER PT J AU Hennessey, KA Ion-Nedelcu, N Craciun, D Toma, F Strebel, P AF Hennessey, KA Ion-Nedelcu, N Craciun, D Toma, F Strebel, P TI Vaccine effectiveness in schoolchildren during a large measles outbreak in Romania, 1996-1998. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Prevent Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Bucharest, Romania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA L2 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800364 ER PT J AU Hillis, S Marchbanks, P Taylor, LR Peterson, H AF Hillis, S Marchbanks, P Taylor, LR Peterson, H TI Long-term probability of post-sterilization regret: Findings from the us collaborative review of sterilization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 151 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800151 ER PT J AU Hwang, LY Mast, E Xiao, FY Hammil, H Erickson, N Taber, LH Doyle, MM Beasley, RP Alter, M AF Hwang, LY Mast, E Xiao, FY Hammil, H Erickson, N Taber, LH Doyle, MM Beasley, RP Alter, M TI Risk for hepatitis C virus infection - Baseline for perinatal and household transmission study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 312 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800312 ER PT J AU Kamimoto, L Leff, M Thompson, B Blackman, D Brand, D Garrett, C AF Kamimoto, L Leff, M Thompson, B Blackman, D Brand, D Garrett, C TI Health risk behaviors and preventive counseling among female Medicaid enrollees in Colorado. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 157 BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800158 ER PT J AU Kilgore, PE Seward, J Meyer, PA Singleton, JA Sirotkin, BI Wooten, KG Coronado, VG Wharton, M AF Kilgore, PE Seward, J Meyer, PA Singleton, JA Sirotkin, BI Wooten, KG Coronado, VG Wharton, M TI Toward effective varicella surveillance in the United States: Can national databases be used to assess the impact of vaccination programs? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 309 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800309 ER PT J AU Kilgore, PE Seward, J Meyer, PA Singleton, JA Sirotkin, BI Wooten, KG Coronado, VG Wharton, M AF Kilgore, PE Seward, J Meyer, PA Singleton, JA Sirotkin, BI Wooten, KG Coronado, VG Wharton, M TI Toward effective varicella surveillance in the United States: Can national databases be used to assess the impact of vaccination programs? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 92 BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800093 ER PT J AU Kruger, JMS Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Haddix, AC AF Kruger, JMS Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Haddix, AC TI The arthritis self-help course: A cost-saving prevention strategy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 13 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800014 ER PT J AU LaRocquel, RC Singleton, JA Kilgore, PE Seward, JF Black, SB Shinefield, HR Lieu, TA Ray, P Jackson, L Kimsey, CD Glasser, JW Chen, RT AF LaRocquel, RC Singleton, JA Kilgore, PE Seward, JF Black, SB Shinefield, HR Lieu, TA Ray, P Jackson, L Kimsey, CD Glasser, JW Chen, RT TI Varicella vaccination of susceptible children increase risk of herpes zoster in previously infected adults? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. GHC Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 93 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800094 ER PT J AU LeBaron, C Stokley, S Dini, E Belmont, L Schultz, R AF LeBaron, C Stokley, S Dini, E Belmont, L Schultz, R TI Vaccination levels and access to healthcare during a pertussis outbreak in a rural population. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PanHandle Hlth Dept, Couer Dalene, ID USA. Idaho State Div Hlth, Boise, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 114 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800116 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Petty, TL AF Mannino, DM Petty, TL TI Obstructive lung diseases and low lung function in the United States population, 1988-94: Results from NHANES III. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 53 BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800054 ER PT J AU McBean, AM Herbert, P Engelgau, M Geiss, LS Tierney, E AF McBean, AM Herbert, P Engelgau, M Geiss, LS Tierney, E TI The National Diabetes Cohort: The prevalence of diabetes and the use of health service by elderly Medicare beneficiaries. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Management & Policy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 289 BP S73 EP S73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800289 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Holmes, A Esteban, E Rubin, C Brody, DJ AF Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Holmes, A Esteban, E Rubin, C Brody, DJ TI The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among children 6-19 years of age: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94 - United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 296 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800296 ER PT J AU O'Leary, LA Khoury, MJ AF O'Leary, LA Khoury, MJ TI Impact of the Human Genome Project on epidemiologic research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 125 BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800126 ER PT J AU Tepper, A Mueller, C AF Tepper, A Mueller, C TI The use of home blood pressure monitors in a field study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 198 BP S50 EP S50 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800200 ER PT J AU Tetteh, C Jones, J Lindegren, M Fleming, P Li, J Hanson, D Ward, J AF Tetteh, C Jones, J Lindegren, M Fleming, P Li, J Hanson, D Ward, J TI Prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among persons with AIDS in the United States by world region of birth. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA L1 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800363 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Simon, T Saltzman, LE Mercy, JA AF Thompson, MP Simon, T Saltzman, LE Mercy, JA TI Epidemiology of injuries among women following physical assaults: The role of self-protective behaviors. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 152 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800153 ER PT J AU Watkins, M Erickson, JD Thun, M Mulinare, J Heath, C AF Watkins, M Erickson, JD Thun, M Mulinare, J Heath, C TI Does smoking affect the relationship between vitamins and cancer mortality? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 30 BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800032 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Shulman, HB AF Whitehead, NS Shulman, HB CA PRAMS Working Grp TI Mode of administration bias in a multimode survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 329 BP S83 EP S83 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800328 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Flanders, D Thun, M AF Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Flanders, D Thun, M TI Intentional weight loss and mortality in overweight men with diabetes mellitus. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 240 BP S60 EP S60 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800241 ER PT J AU Zhu, BP Rolfs, R AF Zhu, BP Rolfs, R TI When is a good time to have another baby? Short and long interpregnancy intervals and the risk for infant low birthweight. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah Dept Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Bur Surveillance & Anal, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 11 SU S MA 230 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZR584 UT WOS:000073992800232 ER PT J AU Bozek, PS Perdue, BE Bar-Din, M Weidle, PJ AF Bozek, PS Perdue, BE Bar-Din, M Weidle, PJ TI Effect of pharmacist interventions on medication use and cost in hospitalized patients with or without HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE administration; costs; drug use; economics; HIV infections; hospitals; interventions; medication orders; patients; pharmaceutical services; pharmacists, hospital; pharmacy, institutional, hospital ID CARE; IMPACT AB Pharmacotherapeutic interventions and drug acquisition costs in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients on a hospital medical service were studied. In November and December 1995, HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were randomly selected and matched on the basis of admission date. Pharmacotherapeutic interventions were recorded by a pharmacist until the time of discharge. Drug acquisition costs were obtained through records of medications ordered. The two patient groups were compared with respect to length of stay (LOS), number and cost of medications, and number of interventions. HIV-positive patients had significantly more medication orders and required more interventions than HIV-negative patients. Mean LOS was not significantly different. HIV status and number of medications were significantly associated with requiring five or more interventions. Drug acquisition costs were significantly higher in the HIV-positive group. The mean pharmacist-attribute cost saving per patient was $134 for HIV-positive patients and $27 for HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive patients required more interventions and consumed more medication resources than HIV-negative patients. Pharmacist interventions produced drug acquisition cost savings for both groups, with more savings being realized for positive patients. C1 Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Pharm Serv, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pharm Serv, Med Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Covance Hlth Econ & Outcomes Serv Inc, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bozek, PS (reprint author), Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Pharm Serv, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1155 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZT551 UT WOS:000074099200015 PM 9626378 ER PT J AU Bolyard, EA Tablan, OC Williams, WW Pearson, ML Shapiro, CN Deitchman, SD AF Bolyard, EA Tablan, OC Williams, WW Pearson, ML Shapiro, CN Deitchman, SD CA Hosp Infect Contr Pract Advis Comm TI Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUS; NON-B HEPATITIS; OCCUPATIONALLY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; PRIMARY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS AB This guideline updates and replaces the previous edition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "Guideline for Infection Control in Hospital Personnel," published in 1983. The revised guideline, designed to provide methods for reducing the transmission of infections from patients to health care personnel and from personnel to patients, also provides an overview of the evidence for recommendations considered prudent by consensus of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee members. A working draft of this guideline was also reviewed by experts in infection control, occupational health, and infectious diseases; however, all recommendations contained in the guideline may not reflect the opinion of all reviewers. This document focuses on the epidemiology of and preventive strategies for infections known to be transmitted in health care settings and those for which there are adequate scientific data on which to base recommendations for prevention. The prevention strategies addressed in this document include immunizations for vaccine-preventable diseases, isolation precautions to prevent exposures to infectious agents, management of health care personnel exposure to infected persons, including postexposure prophylaxis, and work restrictions for exposed or infected health care personnel. In addition, because latex barriers are frequently used to protect personnel against transmission of infectious agents, this guideline addresses issues related to latex hypersensitivity and provides recommendations to prevent sensitization and reactions among health care personnel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bolyard, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 544 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 289 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)80015-1 PG 66 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZT802 UT WOS:000074129100014 ER PT J AU Schuman, P Ohmit, SE Sobel, JD Mayer, KH Greene, V Rompalo, A Klein, RS AF Schuman, P Ohmit, SE Sobel, JD Mayer, KH Greene, V Rompalo, A Klein, RS CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Oral lesions among women living with or at risk for HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; DRUG-USERS; MANIFESTATIONS; CANDIDIASIS; VIRUS; AIDS; COHORTS; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: Our objectives were to compare the prevalence of oropharyngeal mucosal lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and demographically similar seronegative women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with immunosuppression, substance abuse, use of medications, and utilization of dental services. POPULATION AND METHODS: Participants in a multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of HIV infection in women were evaluated at baseline by interview, physical examination, and laboratory studies. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal pathology was found in 40% of seropositive and 23% of seronegative women. Oral candidiasis was identified in 15% of seropositive and 3% of seronegative women. Among seropositive women, history of previous oral candidiasis, lower CD4 lymphocyte counts, and current antibiotic use were associated with oral candidiasis. Hail-ii leukoplakia was identified in 5% of seropositive women and was significantly associated with lower CD4 lymphocyte counts. Gingival erythema and ulcerative gingivitis were found in 23% of participants overall, but were unrelated to HIV serostatus or CD4 lymphocyte count. Substance abuse, lack of dental care, and African-American race were associated with gingival pathology. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of oral lesions among HIV seropositive and at-risk seronegative women underscores the need for routine oral examination and targeted treatment of this population. (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Schuman, P (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 4160 John R Suite 2140, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU200714] NR 25 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 104 IS 6 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00110-7 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZX817 UT WOS:000074558400008 PM 9674719 ER PT J AU Adam, E Kaufman, RH Berkova, Z Icenogle, J Reeves, WC AF Adam, E Kaufman, RH Berkova, Z Icenogle, J Reeves, WC TI Is human papillomavirus testing an effective triage method for detection of high-grade (grade 2 or 3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Central-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 1997 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Cent Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE human papillomavirus; polymerase chain reaction; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; screening ID INVASIVE CANCER; DNA; INFECTION; SMEARS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of human papillomavirus infection for prognostic value in the triage strategies for high-grade (grade 2 or 3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women referred for colposcopy after abnormal Papanicolaou smears. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1007 women referred to a colposcopic clinic providing care for an indigent population were studied. Four hundred fifty-four women were referred after two Papanicolaou smears reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low grade-squamous cervical intraepithelial lesion, and 553 were referred after a single smear reported as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. All women had a cervical smear, colposcopy-directed biopsy, and endocervical curettage performed. A sample for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid detection by polymerase chain reaction was obtained. RESULTS: High-risk human papillomavirus types were detected in 463 (46%) of 1007 women studied. There was a significant increase of the frequency of high-risk human papillomavirus by the increasing severity of biopsy findings ranging from 32.7% in women without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy to 60% in women having grade 2 or 3 on the biopsy specimen. Women having a negative Papanicolaou smear found to have high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid at the time of colposcopy had a significantly higher rate of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on the biopsy specimen than did women without high-risk human papillomavirus. There was no such difference observed in women with a cytologic finding of low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions at the time of colposcopy. The polymerase chain reaction assay appears to be more sensitive than the commercial human papillomavirus profile test. The positive predictive value for grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of both tests was similar (21.7% and 22.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The human papillomavirus is associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but the screening for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid does not have prognostic value in women reported as having atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on two precolposcopy Papanicolaou smears. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaufman, RH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 6550 Fannin,Suite 701, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-92-0537] NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 178 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1241 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70328-X PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZX542 UT WOS:000074528400032 PM 9662307 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Coronary heart disease risk factors and attributable risks in African-American women and men: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BLACK POPULATIONS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; EVANS COUNTY; WHITE MEN; MORTALITY; CHOLESTEROL; INFORMATION; MORBIDITY; MALES AB Objectives. This study assessed associations of risk factors with coronary heart disease incidence in African Americans. Methods. The participants in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study included in this analysis were 1641 Black and 9660 White persons who were aged 25 to 74 years when examined and who did not have a history of coronary heart disease. Average follow-up for survivors was 19 years. Results. Significant, independent risk factors for coronary heart disease were age, systolic blood pressure, and smoking in Black women and age, systolic blood pressure,serum cholesterol, low education, and low family income in Black men. In this cohort, 19% of incident coronary heart disease in Black women and 34% in Black men might be prevented if systolic blood pressure were below 140 mm Hg. In Black men: attributable risk for low education (46%) was even higher than that for elevated blood pressure. Conclusions. Elevated systolic blood pressure and smoking were predictive of coronary heart disease incidence in African Americans. Estimates of population attributable risk were highest for elevated systolic blood pressure in women and education less than high school in men. Further studies of serum lipids, education, and coronary heart disease in Black women are needed. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.6.913 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT683 UT WOS:000074114100012 PM 9618619 ER PT J AU Cummings, KM Hyland, A Saunders-Martin, T Perla, J Coppola, PR Pechacek, TF AF Cummings, KM Hyland, A Saunders-Martin, T Perla, J Coppola, PR Pechacek, TF TI Evaluation of an enforcement program to reduce tobacco sales to minors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTES; LAWS AB Objectives. This study evaluated an active enforcement program to increase retailers' compliance with the law prohibiting tobacco sales to miners. Methods. Tobacco sales to miners were monitored in 319 outlets in 6 pairs of communities in Erie County, New York. One community in each pair was randomly assigned to an enforcement intervention. Results. Retailers' compliance with the law increased from 35% in 1994 to 73% in 1995. However, the change in compliance rates was roughly the same for stores in the enforcement and nonenforcement communities. Conclusions. Active compliance checking of retail outlets as a strategy to reduce illegal tobacco sales to miners may only be necessary insofar as it contributes to an increase in retailers' perception that the threat of enforcement is real. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Control & Epidemiol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Erie Cty Dept Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv, Buffalo, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cummings, KM (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Control & Epidemiol, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 932 EP 936 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.6.932 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT683 UT WOS:000074114100016 PM 9618623 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Richardson, JL Dent, CW Chou, CP Flay, BR AF Simon, TR Richardson, JL Dent, CW Chou, CP Flay, BR TI Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; VIOLENCE; HOMICIDE AB Objectives. This study identified behavioral and psychosocial/interpersonal factors in young adolescence that are associated with handgun carrying in later adolescence. Methods. A sample of 2200 high school students was surveyed at 9th grade and again at 12th grade. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that measures of risk-taking preference, depression, stress, temper, and drug use assessed while the students were in 9th grade were predictive of handgun carrying in 12th grade for both male and female students. Conclusions. These findings suggest the need for a comprehensive approach to prevention that focuses on both individual and interpersonal factors associated with adolescents' decision to carry a handgun. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Prevent Res Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-60,CDC,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Flay, Brian/0000-0002-5209-2766 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 960 EP 963 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.6.960 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT683 UT WOS:000074114100023 PM 9618630 ER PT J AU Powell, KE Jacklin, BC Nelson, DE Bland, S AF Powell, KE Jacklin, BC Nelson, DE Bland, S TI State estimates of household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns, 1991 through 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-MEXICO; FATALITIES; GUN; OWNERSHIP; INJURIES; CHILDREN; STORAGE; DEATHS AB Objectives. Variations among states in household exposure to firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns were examined. Methods. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 22 states were used to estimate the prevalence of adults and children exposed to household firearms. Results. The prevalence of adults living in households with firearms ranged from 12% to 57%; the corresponding ranges were 1% to 23% for loaded firearms and 5% to 36% for handguns. The prevalence of children less than 18 years of age living in households with loaded firearms ranged from 2% to 12%. Conclusion. Important variations among states exist in the prevalence of adults and children living in households with firearms, loaded firearms, and handguns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Norfolk Cty Attorneys Off, Quincy, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Powell, KE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-60,CDC,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 88 IS 6 BP 969 EP 972 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.6.969 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT683 UT WOS:000074114100026 PM 9618633 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RJ Vernon, AA AF O'Brien, RJ Vernon, AA TI New tuberculosis drug development - How can we do better? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; RIFABUTIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; INFECTION; EFFICACY; THERAPY; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Brien, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 157 IS 6 BP 1705 EP 1707 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZV294 UT WOS:000074290200001 PM 9620895 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Whitney, CC McKenna, MT Taylor, JP Ashkar, SH Nitta, AT Harvey, SM Valway, S Woodley, C Cooksey, R Onorato, IM AF Ridzon, R Whitney, CC McKenna, MT Taylor, JP Ashkar, SH Nitta, AT Harvey, SM Valway, S Woodley, C Cooksey, R Onorato, IM TI Risk factors for rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; INITIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RIFABUTIN PROPHYLAXIS; AIDS; MALABSORPTION; FLUCONAZOLE; DISEASE AB Use of rifampin is required for short-course treatment regimens for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis caused by isolates of M. tuberculosis with resistance to rifampin and susceptibility to isoniazid is unusual, but it has been recognized through surveillance. Patients with tuberculosis (cases) with rifampin mono-resistance were compared with HIV-matched controls with tuberculosis caused by a drug-susceptible isolate. A total of 77 cases of rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis were identified in this multicenter study. Three were determined to be laboratory contaminants, and 10 cases had an epidemiologic link to a case with rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis, suggesting primary acquisition of rifampin-resistant isolates. Of the remaining 64 cases and 126 controls, there was no difference between cases and controls with regard to age, sex, race, foreign birth, homelessness, or history of incarceration. Cases were more likely to have a history of prior tuberculosis than were controls. Of the 38 cases and 74 controls with HIV infection, there was no difference between cases and controls with regard to age, sex, race, foreign birth, homelessness, history of incarceration, or prior tuberculosis. Cases were more likely to have histories of diarrhea, rifabutin use, or antifungal therapy. Laboratory analysis of available isolates showed that there was no evidence of spread of a single clone of M. tuberculosis. Further studies are needed to identify the causes of the development of rifampin resistance in HIV-infected persons with tuberculosis and to develop strategies to prevent its emergence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Los Angeles Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Los Angles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, TB Control Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 157 IS 6 BP 1881 EP 1884 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZV294 UT WOS:000074290200028 PM 9620922 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH AF Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; DOT-ELISA; ANTIGENS; ASSAY C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Inst Clencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 693 EP 694 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZX216 UT WOS:000074491000001 PM 9660447 ER PT J AU Trevejo, RT Schriefer, ME Gage, KL Safranek, TJ Orloski, KA Pape, WJ Montenieri, JA Campbell, GL AF Trevejo, RT Schriefer, ME Gage, KL Safranek, TJ Orloski, KA Pape, WJ Montenieri, JA Campbell, GL TI An interstate outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever among vacationers at a Rocky Mountain cabin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL DISCRIMINATION; LYME BORRELIOSIS AB In July 1995, an outbreak of acute febrile illness affected 11 (48%) of 23 family members from Nebraska and Kansas who had vacationed at a Colorado cabin in June. Similar symptoms were identified among five (17%) of 30 additional persons from Nebraska, Kansas, Florida, and Texas who had vacationed at the same cabin. Symptoms suggested tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF). Although no spirochetes were detected in available blood smears from five case-patients, Borrelia hermsii was cultured from the blood of one case-patient and two chipmunks trapped near the cabin. Case-patients were more likely than non-ill cabin visitors to have slept on the floor (odds ratio [OR] = 28.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0-258) or in the top bunk bed (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.1-25.1). Tick-borne relapsing fever should considered in the differential diagnosis of fever in patients who have stayed overnight in mountain cabins in the western United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemic Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Nebraska State Dept Hlth, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80222 USA. RP Trevejo, RT (reprint author), Sonoma Cty Dept Hlth Serv, 3313 Chanate Rd, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 743 EP 747 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZX216 UT WOS:000074491000012 PM 9660457 ER PT J AU Heimer, R Tisdale, D Dawson, JE AF Heimer, R Tisdale, D Dawson, JE TI A single tissue culture system for the propagation of the agents of the human ehrlichioses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; CHAFFEENSIS; CULTIVATION AB Two newly emergent human diseases found in the United States, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HGE), are caused by pathogens of the genus Ehrlichia. The causative agent of HGE can be propagated in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Herein, we report the development of a method to propagate E. chaffeensis, the causative agent of HME, in HL-60 cells, thus providing a common system for the study of both species. The continuous propagation of E. chaffeensis requires the induction of HL-60 differentiation along the monocytic pathway toward phenotypically mature macrophages by the addition of 25-OH vitamin D-3 to the growth medium. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Spelman Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heimer, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T35-HL07722-05]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU111188-01] NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 812 EP 815 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZX216 UT WOS:000074491000025 PM 9660470 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Janes, GR Jenkins, C AF Anderson, LA Janes, GR Jenkins, C TI Implementing preventive services: To what extent can we change provider performance in ambulatory care? A review of the screening, immunization, and counseling literature SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYSICIAN PERFORMANCE; TRAINING PHYSICIANS; SMOKING CESSATION; PATIENT REMINDERS; PRIVATE-PRACTICE; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; INNER-CITY; PROGRAM AB Strategies to improve the delivery of preventive care often consist of office-based interventions, which are designed to modify provider behaviors or practice patterns. We report on a metaanalysis of 117 behavioural outcomes extracted from 43 studies. Meta-analytic techniques were used to express the results in a common metric, which allowed quantitative comparisons across outcomes. Studies were examined by domains of preventive care (screening, immunization, and counseling) and divided into two groups based on unit of analysis (provider or patient categories). The mean effect size reflects the difference ill proportion of physicians providing the targeted behavior between the experimental and comparison groups. In the provider category the weighted mean effect size for screening was .14, for immunization was .18 and for counseling was .28. In the patient category, the weighted means for screening and immunization were .12 and .15, respectively but were smaller for the counseling (.08). Because tests for homogeneity of effect sizes were rejected in the patient category, caution in interpreting mean effect sizes is warranted because of variability across individual values. In summary, office-based interventions were found to have positive effects on providers' adherence to preventive recommendations. We discuss the methodological issues and needs for future work to enhance the delivery of preventive services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot K45, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOC BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE PI MIDDLETON PA 7611 ELMWOOD AVE, STE 201, MIDDLETON, WI 53562-3161 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD SUM PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1007/BF02884956 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 164ML UT WOS:000078468100002 PM 9989322 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Drenzek, CL Smith, JS Krebs, JW Orciari, L Shaddock, J Sanderlin, D Whitfield, S Fekadu, M Olson, JG Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Noah, DL Drenzek, CL Smith, JS Krebs, JW Orciari, L Shaddock, J Sanderlin, D Whitfield, S Fekadu, M Olson, JG Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Epidemiology of human rabies in the United States, 1980 to 1996 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SURVEILLANCE AB Purpose: To summarize the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical features of the 32 laboratory-confirmed cases of human rabies diagnosed in the United States from 1980 to 1996. Data Sources: Data were obtained from case reports of human rabies submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by state or local health authorities. Study Selection: All cases of human rabies reported in the United States from 1980 to 1996 in which infection with rabies virus was confirmed by laboratory studies. Data Extraction: Patients were reviewed for demographic characteristics, exposure history, rabies prophylaxis, clinical presentation, treatment, clinical course, diagnostic laboratory tests, identification of rabies virus variants, and the number of medical personnel or family members who required postexposure prophylaxis after coming in contact with an exposed person. Data Synthesis: 32 cases of human rabies were reported from 20 states. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 82 years and were predominantly male (63%). Most patients (25 of 32) had no definite history of an animal bite or other event associated with rabies virus transmission. Of the 32 cases, 17 (53%) were associated with rabies virus variants found in insectivorous bats, 12 (38%) with variants found in domestic dogs outside the United States, 2 (6%) with variants found in indigenous domestic dogs, and 1 (3%) with a variant found in indigenous skunks. Among the 7 patients with a definite exposure history, 6 cases were attributable to dog bites received in foreign countries and 1 was attributable to a bat bite received in the United States. In 12 of the 32 patients (38%), rabies was not clinically suspected and was diagnosed after death. In the remaining 20 cases (63%), the diagnosis of rabies was considered before death and samples were obtained specifically for laboratory confirmation a median of 7 days (range, 3 to 17 days) after the onset of clinical signs. Of the clinical differences between patients in whom rabies was diagnosed before death and those in whom it was diagnosed after death, the presence of hydrophobia or aerophobia was significantly associated with antemortem diagnosis (odds ratio, 11.0 [95% CI, 1.05 to 273.34]). The median number of medical personnel or familial contacts of the patients who received postexposure prophylaxis was 54 per patient (range, 4 to 179). None of the 32 patients with rabies received postexposure prophylaxis before the onset of clinical disease. Conclusions: In the United States, human rabies is rare, but probably underdiagnosed. Rabies should be included in the differential diagnosis of any case of acute, rapidly progressing encephalitis, even if the patient does not recall being bitten by an animal. In addition to situations involving an animal bite, a scratch from an animal, or contact of mucous membranes with infectious saliva, post-exposure prophylaxis should be considered if the history indicates that a bat was physically present, even if the person is unable to reliably report contact that could have resulted in a bite. Such a situation may arise when a bat bite causes an insignificant wound or the circumstances do not allow recognition of contact, such as when a bat is found in the room of a sleeping person or near a previously unattended child. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 53 TC 144 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 1998 VL 128 IS 11 BP 922 EP 930 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP980 UT WOS:000073808600008 PM 9634432 ER PT J AU Steinert, M Birkness, K White, E Fields, B Quinn, F AF Steinert, M Birkness, K White, E Fields, B Quinn, F TI Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprozoically in coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAGOSOME-LYSOSOME FUSION; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; PROTOZOA; WATER; PHAGOCYTOSIS; INFECTION; CASTELLANII; INHIBITION; SOIL AB Protozoans are gaining recognition as environmental hosts for a variety of waterborne pathogens. We compared the growth of Mycobacterium avium, a human pathogen associated with domestic water supplies, in coculture with the free-living amaoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga with the growth of M. avium when it was separated from amoebae by a 0.1-mu m-pore-size polycarbonate membrane tin a parachamber), Although viable mycobacteria were observed within amoebal vacuoles, there was no significant difference between bacterial growth in coculture and bacterial growth in the parachamber. This suggests that M. avium is able to grow saprozoically on products secreted by the amoebae. in contrast, Legionella pneumophila, a well-studied intracellular parasite of amoebae, multiplied only in coculture. A comparison of amoebae infected with L. pneumophila and amoebae infected with M. avium by electron microscopy demonstrated that there were striking differences in the locations of the bacteria within amoeba cysts. While L. pneumophila resided within the cysts, M. avium was found within the outer walls of the double-availed cysts of A. polyphaga. These locations may provide a reservoir for the bacteria when environmental conditions become unfavorable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steinert, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 173 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 64 IS 6 BP 2256 EP 2261 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZQ805 UT WOS:000073904800041 PM 9603844 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Krolak, JM Gaunt, EE Cohn, RD AF Shahangian, S Krolak, JM Gaunt, EE Cohn, RD TI A system to monitor a portion of the total testing process in medical clinics and laboratories - Feasibility of a split-specimen design SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry/Canadian-Society-of-Clinical -Chemistry/American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathology CY AUG 01, 1996 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem, Canadian Soc Clin Chem, Amer Soc Clin Pathol ID TRANSFUSION MEDICINE; IMPROVEMENT; PERFORMANCE; PREVENTION; CHEMISTRY; OUTCOMES; CRITERIA; COLLEGE; ERRORS AB Objective.-The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a prototype split-specimen design to assess integrity of a portion of the total testing process in medical clinics and laboratories. Design.-Two or three tubes of venous blood were collected from 177 patients for analysis of one of three analytes (serum potassium, serum total cholesterol, and whole-blood hemoglobin). Patients were seen at one of the nine clinics participating in this study. In all cases, one tube of blood from each patient was sent to a commercial referral laboratory, and the other tube(s) forwarded to the laboratory that routinely tested specimens for the clinic (participating laboratory) for analysis. Each participating laboratory removed a preanalysis and sometimes a post-analysis aliquot from each specimen and forwarded these to the referral laboratory for analysis. Setting.-The study was conducted in six physician office laboratories (three serving 1 to 4 [mean, 2.7] internists and three serving 3 to 24 [mean, 12] family physicians) and three hospital laboratories (serving hospitals with 100 to more than 700 beds). Patients.-Study patients were voluntary participants and provided informed consent. Patient age ranged from 18 to 80 years, and for all the laboratory test was specifically ordered for clinical reasons. Patients who were unable or unwilling to provide informed consent, those for whom testing would require that they provide more than by fingerstick, and those with results that were part of a laboratory test profile were excluded. Main Outcome Measures.-Two main outcome measures were assessed: (1) percent differences between split-specimen results exceeding the maximum allowable imprecision level, which was based on published biological variation data (defined as one-half of the intraindividual percent coefficient of variation), for each analyte (result discrepancies); and (2) all "problems" (defined as departures from standard operating procedures) that could be documented by retrospective review of all relevant medical and laboratory records. Results.-The rate of result discrepancies was 1 in 20 (5%) for patients in whom hemoglobin was analyzed, 12 in 57 (21%) for patients in whom potassium was analyzed, and 1 in 60 (2%) for patients in whom total cholesterol was analyzed. Results of samples obtained during the aliquoting and storage phases of the total testing process were subject to study-induced problems and were generally not useful in tracing problems to specific stages of the testing process. A total of 28 problems (involving 26 patients) were documented, but only 6 problems were due to routine testing professes. Conclusions.-The feasibility and limitations of a split-specimen design to detect result discrepancies were demonstrated. Most documented problems (22 of 28, or 79%) were study induced. To assess integrity of the total testing process, such problems need to be avoided. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Analyt Serv Inc, Publ Hlth Res Div, Durham, NC USA. Analyt Serv Inc, Stat Serv Div, Durham, NC USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 122 IS 6 BP 503 EP 511 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA ZR478 UT WOS:000073980900006 PM 9625417 ER PT J AU Rosner, E Siragusa, M Schalla, W Cross, D Cohn, R Hearn, T AF Rosner, E Siragusa, M Schalla, W Cross, D Cohn, R Hearn, T TI Assessment of the impact of a CD4+ T-cell testing laboratory improvement program SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To evaluate the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's CD4(+) T-cell laboratory testing improvement program and the influence of other laboratory improvement programs on CD4(+) T-cell testing practices. Design.-Surveys asking for practice changes and factors that influenced the changes, a survey of clinicians' perceptions of laboratory quality in CD4 testing, and analysis of data from the Model Performance Evaluation Program. Interventions.-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention interventions included a series of 3-day workshops on flow cytometry, CD4(+) T-cell testing guidelines published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, and the Model Performance Evaluation Program. Participants.-All known laboratories in the United States that perform clinical CD4(+) T-cell testing, workshop participants, and a sample of clinicians that treat patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Main Outcome Measures.-Changes in practices, factors most influential in effecting change, and performance on samples mailed to laboratories by the Model Performance Evaluation Program; knowledge before and after presentation of material in workshops; and practicing clinicians' observations of any effects of changes in laboratory practices. Results.-Many existing laboratories changed practices as a result of both governmental and nongovernmental CD4(+) T-cell testing improvement programs. Sources of influence varied with each testing practice. Perceptions that test results were more reproducible seemed to offset presumed increases in the time and cost of testing. Clinicians who had ordered CD4(+) T-cell testing for more than 10 years noted some improvements in results reported. Conclusions.-As new complex testing methodologies are introduced into clinical and public health laboratories, the users seem to seek guidance in appropriate application of preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases of the testing process. Testing improvement programs from a variety of sources were credited with changing practices and should continue to provide this guidance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Rosner, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, DLS, Mail Stop A-16,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 122 IS 6 BP 512 EP 519 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA ZR478 UT WOS:000073980900007 PM 9625418 ER PT J AU Jobanputra, NK Jones, R Buckler, G Cody, RP Gochfeld, M Matte, TM Rich, DQ Rhoads, GG AF Jobanputra, NK Jones, R Buckler, G Cody, RP Gochfeld, M Matte, TM Rich, DQ Rhoads, GG TI Accuracy and reproducibility of blood lead testing in commercial laboratories SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; STORAGE; CADMIUM AB Objective: To assess the proficiency of commercial laboratories in analyzing lead in clinical blood samples from subjects without overt lead exposure. Design: We submitted masked duplicate blood lead specimens to 8 masked laboratories. Each laboratory received blood aliquots immediately following drawing (time 1) and 2 weeks later (time 2) from 7 human subjects and 3 bovine blood samples with known lead levels of 0.26, 0.57, and 0.79 mu mol/L (5.4, 11.8, and 16.4 mu g/dL). Of the 8 laboratories, 5 were commercial laboratories, 1 was a state laboratory, 1 was a research laboratory, and 1 was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference laboratory. Outcome Measures: Correlation coefficients were calculated, and differences within and between laboratories were assessed by analysis of variance. Results: Results were obtained for all specimens, with all the human subjects' overall mean lead levels being less than 0.48 mu mol/L (<10 mu g/dL). Each laboratory reported all human blood specimens appropriately, as having lead levels less than 0.48 mu mol/L (<10 mu g/dL) and within 0.14 mu mol/L (3 mu g/dL) of the overall mean for chat subject. All internal reproducibilities were very high (range, 0.92-1.00) except for one (0.60), possibly lower because of 1 pair of specimens. Mean differences between blood samples analyzed at time 1 and time 2 ranged from -1.4 to 1.2, with only 2 laboratories having significant differences (P < .01). Conclusions: Overall, there was strong reproducibility within and among laboratories, with no overall time trend or interlaboratory or intralaboratory variance. The storage conditions did not seem to affect the aggregate results. The data suggest that through implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Wisconsin Blood Lead Proficiency Testing Program, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Blood Lead Laboratory Reference System, and mandated federal and state proficiency programs, laboratories in this geographic region have improved their performance as compared with previous published studies and an unpublished study. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Environm Hlth Div, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rhoads, GG (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Environm Hlth Div, Room 234A,681 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RI Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30ES05022] NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 152 IS 6 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZU490 UT WOS:000074203300005 PM 9641707 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB Talbot, SB Matheson, ES Pressler, HM Hanna, AB McCarthy, CA AF Hayes, EB Talbot, SB Matheson, ES Pressler, HM Hanna, AB McCarthy, CA TI Health status of pediatric refugees in Portland, Me SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; TUBERCULOSIS; PARASITES AB Background: An understanding of the health conditions affecting pediatric refugees is essential to providing responsible health care for them when they arrive in the United States. Objective: To assess the health status of pediatric refugees in an area of increased refugee resettlement. Design: Retrospective medical records review. Setting: Ambulatory clinic at Maine Medical Center in Portland, a community and referral hospital. Patients: One hundred thirty-two refugees and immigrants aged 2 months through 18 years who had initial health care evaluations during 1994 and 1995. Results: Sixty-six patients arrived from Africa, 22 from the former Yugoslavia, and the remainder from the former Soviet Union, Middle Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The mean age of the patients was 10 years; 56 (42.4%) were female. The overall health status of most of the children was good, with most having appropriate weight and height for age. Dental caries and dermatologic conditions were the most prevalent findings on physical examination. Two patients had evidence of traumatic injuries. The results of tuberculin (Mantoux) tests were positive (greater than or equal to 10 mm) in 45 (35.2%) of 128 children for whom results were noted, hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 5 (4.0%) of 124 children, and hepatitis B surface antibody was detected in 26 (21.1%) of 123 children. Five (16.7%) of 30 children younger than 6 years had elevated blood lead levels; anemia was detected in 25 (19.7%) of 127 children with hematocrit results available. Stool specimens were obtained from 87 patients, of whom 38 (43.7%) had pathogenic parasites in at least 1 specimen. Conclusions: Pediatric refugees arrive in the United States with a variety of conditions that may be unfamiliar to practitioners trained in this country. The results of this study support the screening of refugees from Africa and other regions for tuberculosis, stool parasites, and hepatitis B. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Promot Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Maine Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Portland, ME 04102 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 152 IS 6 BP 564 EP 568 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZU490 UT WOS:000074203300008 PM 9641710 ER PT J AU Pachman, LM Pallansch, MA AF Pachman, LM Pallansch, MA TI Leishmaniasis mimicking new-onset juvenile dermatomyositis: comment on the article by Pachman et al - Reply SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Letter C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pachman, LM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1140 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199806)41:6<1140::AID-ART30>3.0.CO;2-# PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA ZR876 UT WOS:000074023700028 ER PT J AU Chamberland, ME AF Chamberland, ME TI Surveillance for transfusion-transmitted viral infections in the United States SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Virological Safety of Plasma Derivatives CY NOV 20-22, 1996 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND HO NIH ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEPATITIS AB Surveillance is part of a multi-faceted programme to monitor the safety of the U.S. blood supply. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administers several national surveillance programs, including pathogen- and disease-specific systems (e.g, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis) and programmes that focus on donors and recipients of blood and plasma products (e.g. persons with haemophilia). Data collected in these systems can be used to monitor temporal and epidemiological trends, identify risk factors for infection, facilitate identification and investigation of potential outbreaks, and evaluate intervention and prevention strategies. (C) 1998 The International Asociation of Biological Standardization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chamberland, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1006/biol.1998.0137 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134DQ UT WOS:000076728000003 PM 9811510 ER PT J AU Robertson, BH Alter, MJ Bell, BP Evatt, B McCaustland, KA Shapiro, CN Sinha, SD Souci, JM AF Robertson, BH Alter, MJ Bell, BP Evatt, B McCaustland, KA Shapiro, CN Sinha, SD Souci, JM TI Hepatitis a virus sequences detected in clotting factor concentrates associated with disease transmission SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Virological Safety of Plasma Derivatives CY NOV 20-22, 1996 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND HO NIH ID FACTOR-VIII CONCENTRATE; A VIRUS; HEMOPHILIA; OUTBREAK AB Since the early 1990s hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections among recipients of solvent-detergent treated factor VIII concentrates have occurred in Europe, South Africa and the United States. A review of the epidemiological and laboratory-based investigations of the outbreaks In Germany and Ireland were consistent with transmission by factor concentrate but limited information about transmission based upon nucleic acid sequences was obtained, and no clear chain of transmission could be established. Within the United States, hepatitis A infections associated with solvent detergent concentrate occurred in a single patient in 1993, and a cluster of cases in 1995. Although the 1993 factor concentrate was positive for virus, samples from the patient were not available. The virus present in the cluster of 1995 factor VIII patients, the factor concentrate they received,and the original plasma pool was identical, while the virus identified in the factor IX patient differed by a single base. (C) 1998 The International Association of Biological Standardization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch A33, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1006/biol.1998.0139 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134DQ UT WOS:000076728000005 PM 9811512 ER PT J AU Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM AF Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM TI Goodness-of-fit tests for GEE modeling with binary responses SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE correlated data; GEE modeling; goodness-of-fit test; logistic regression; score test ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; REGRESSION-MODELS AB Analysis of data with repeated measures is often accomplished through the use of generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology. Although methods exist for assessing the adequacy of the fitted models for uncorrelated data with likelihood methods, it is not appropriate to use these methods for models fitted with GEE methodology. We propose model-based and robust (empirically corrected) goodness-of-fit tests for GEE modeling with binary responses based on partitioning the space of covariates into distinct regions and forming score statistics that are asymptotically distributed as chi-square random variables with the appropriate degrees of freedom. The null distribution and the statistical power of the proposed goodness-of-fit tests were assessed using simulated data. The proposed goodness-of-fit tests are illustrated by two examples using data from clinical studies. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & epidemiol E48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barnhart, HX (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI07442] NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 1998 VL 54 IS 2 BP 720 EP 729 DI 10.2307/3109778 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA ZU099 UT WOS:000074161600028 PM 9629652 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Shilkret, KL Finelli, L AF Liu, ZY Shilkret, KL Finelli, L TI Initial drug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis - Evaluation of physician prescribing practices in New Jersey, 1994 to 1995 SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE initial drug regimen; physician practice; treatment; tuberculosis ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NEW-YORK-CITY; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE AB Study objective: To evaluate physician prescribing practices for the initial therapy for tuberculosis (TB) according to the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Thoracic Society (ATS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Statewide TB surveillance system in New Jersey, 1994 to 1995. Patients: We studied 1,230 culture-positive TB patients who were alive at diagnosis and whose isolates were tested for isoniazid susceptibility. Results: Almost all TB patients (98%) were reported from counties with an isoniazid-resistant proportion of 4% or more, which is the minimum level for implementation of an initial four-drug regimen recommended by CDC/ATS. Overall, 36% of the 1,230 patients were not initially treated with four or more drugs. Multivariate analyses found that non-Hispanic white patients were more likely to be treated with fewer than four drugs than were non-Hispanic black patients. Private practitioners and physicians at chest clinics were about five times more likely to prescribe fewer than four drugs initially than were physicians at the hospital where a national TB center is located. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of physicians did not initially treat their TB patients according to the CDC/ATS recommendations. The results suggest that New Jersey physicians should be better informed about the recommendation and the high level of drug resistance in the communities they serve to assure that TB patients receive appropriate initial therapy. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, 3635 Quakerbridge Rd, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 1998 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1446 EP 1451 DI 10.1378/chest.113.6.1446 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZT762 UT WOS:000074123100010 PM 9631776 ER PT J AU MacNeil, ML Mueller, PW Caudill, SP Quinn, CK Steinberg, KK AF MacNeil, ML Mueller, PW Caudill, SP Quinn, CK Steinberg, KK TI Sensitivity and specificity of newer tests for alcohol abuse compared to hematological and liver status tests. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Substance Abuse Treatment Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 44 SU 6 MA 701 BP A161 EP A161 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZT249 UT WOS:000074065700705 ER PT J AU Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Chen, WX Myers, GL AF Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Chen, WX Myers, GL TI Betaquantification round robin for low density lipoprotein cholesterol using frozen reference serum. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Beijing Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lipid Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 44 SU 6 MA 322 BP A74 EP A74 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZT249 UT WOS:000074065700324 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Mastroiacovo, P AF Botto, LD Mastroiacovo, P TI Exploring gene-gene interactions in the etiology of neural tube defects SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE birth defects; epidemiology; etiology; gene; infection; neural tube defects ID RISK FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; DISEASE AB The role of susceptibility genes in the etiology of birth defects is unclear, but may involve in some cases multiple alleles at multiple loci. We suggest a simple epidemiologic approach to explore gene-gene interactions, and use it to reevaluate data from a recent case-control study on the possible association of neural tube defects (NTDs) with specific mutations of two genes, 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine-beta synthase (CBS). We found that, compared with the common genotype, homozygosity for the MTHFR mutation alone was associated with a two-fold increased risk for NTDs, while homozygosity for the CBS mutation alone was not a risk factor. However, homozygous individuals for the mutations at both loci had a five-fold greater risk for NTDs than those with the reference genotype. Though the original study was too small to detect statistically significant differences among most of the risk estimates, these results, if confirmed by independent and larger studies, suggest that gene-gene interaction may play a role in modulating the susceptibility to NTDs in a proportion of affected individuals. This approach, moreover, could be a valuable adjunct to the study of gene-gene interactions in the etiology of human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, Rome, Italy. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU Telethon [E.0439] NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 53 IS 6 BP 456 EP 459 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 103XC UT WOS:000074982300008 PM 9712534 ER PT J AU Englund, JA Champlin, RE Wyde, PR Kantarjian, H Atmar, RL Tarrand, J Yousuf, H Regnery, H Klimov, AI Cox, NJ Whimbey, E AF Englund, JA Champlin, RE Wyde, PR Kantarjian, H Atmar, RL Tarrand, J Yousuf, H Regnery, H Klimov, AI Cox, NJ Whimbey, E TI Common emergence of amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in symptomatic immunocompromised adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PARTICLE AEROSOL TREATMENT; A VIRUS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; NURSING-HOMES; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; RIBAVIRIN; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS AB The importance and significance of amantadine-or rimantadine-resistant influenza viruses in immunocompromised patients was studied in a population of adult bone marrow transplant (BR IT) recipients and patients with leukemia prospectively cultured for respiratory viruses. Influenza A viruses were isolated from 29 patients with acute respiratory illness (14 BMT recipients and 15 patients with leukemia). Fifteen patients (52%) received amantadine(n = 4) or rimantadine (n = 11) therapy. All influenza isolates recovered from six patients shedding virus for greater than or equal to 3 days were screened for antiviral susceptibility; resistant isolates were further genetically characterized. Initial influenza isolates were susceptible to amantadine or rimantadine, but subsequent isolates from five of six patients were resistant. Influenza-associated mortality was similar among patients with and without documented antiviral resistance (2 of 5 vs. 5 of 24). We conclude that development of antiviral resistance in immunocompromised individuals should be considered when they have been treated with antivirals and have shed influenza virus for a prolonged period. Isolation procedures should be instituted for all immunocompromised patients with influenza, both during and after therapy with amantadine or rimantadine. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Acute Viral Resp Dis Unit, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Englund, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Acute Viral Resp Dis Unit, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI NO1-15103] NR 40 TC 110 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1424 DI 10.1086/516358 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZU252 UT WOS:000074177900040 PM 9636873 ER PT J AU Moroney, JF Guevara, R Iverson, C Chen, FM Skelton, SK Messmer, TO Plikaytis, B Williams, PO Blake, P Butler, JC AF Moroney, JF Guevara, R Iverson, C Chen, FM Skelton, SK Messmer, TO Plikaytis, B Williams, PO Blake, P Butler, JC TI Detection of chlamydiosis in a shipment of pet birds, leading to recognition of an outbreak of clinically mild psittacosis in humans SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; PNEUMONIAE; ORNITHOSIS; STRAIN; TWAR AB Avian chlamydiosis was detected in a shipment of >700 pet birds from a Florida bird distributor that were sold to nine Atlanta-area pet stores in August 1995. Respiratory illness among persons who had recently acquired birds from this shipment was reported to local public health officials. The attack rate of acute respiratory illness was 10.7% among persons in households exposed to birds from the implicated flock vs. 1.8% among control households (odds ratio, 6.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-31.2), Illness and serological evidence of infection in the absence of symptoms were more common among persons in households with recently purchased birds that were sick or that had died and among persons who had had direct contact with the birds. Clinical psittacosis or serological evidence of Chlamydia psittaci infection was found in 30.7% of households with birds from the infected flock. Mild illnesses and asymptomatic infections in exposed persons were unusual features of this outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Agr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moroney, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1429 DI 10.1086/516368 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZU252 UT WOS:000074177900041 PM 9636874 ER PT J AU Shlaes, DM Gerding, DN John, JF Craig, WA Bornstein, DL Duncan, RA Eckman, MR Farrer, WE Greene, WH Lorian, V Levy, S McGowan, JE Paul, SM Ruskin, J Tenover, FC Watanakunakorn, C AF Shlaes, DM Gerding, DN John, JF Craig, WA Bornstein, DL Duncan, RA Eckman, MR Farrer, WE Greene, WH Lorian, V Levy, S McGowan, JE Paul, SM Ruskin, J Tenover, FC Watanakunakorn, C TI Lactobacillus bacteremia and endocarditis - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Wyeth Ayerst Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Vet Affairs Lakeside Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. William S Middleton Mem Vet Hosp, Madison, WI USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Lahey Clin, Burlington, MA USA. Duluth Clin Ltd, Duluth, MN USA. St Elizabeth Hosp, Elizabeth, NJ USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90034 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Elizabeth Hosp, Med Ctr, Youngstown, OH 44501 USA. RP Shlaes, DM (reprint author), Wyeth Ayerst Res, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1483 DI 10.1086/517656 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZU252 UT WOS:000074177900067 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Peterson, HB AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Peterson, HB TI Meta-analysis for the practicing obstetrician-gynecologist SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; METAANALYSIS; TRIALS; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control, EPO, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, EPO, MS-CO8,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1097/00003081-199806000-00008 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZU820 UT WOS:000074238400006 PM 9646960 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Peterson, HB AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Peterson, HB TI Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring: Data for clinical decisions SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTERMITTENT AUSCULTATION; HEALTH-CARE; LOW-RISK; METAANALYSIS; LABOR; POPULATION; WORK C1 Ctr Dis Control, EPO, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, EPO, MS-C08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1097/00003081-199806000-00017 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZU820 UT WOS:000074238400014 PM 9646968 ER PT J AU Herman, WH Smith, PJ Thompson, TJ Engelgau, MM Aubert, RE AF Herman, WH Smith, PJ Thompson, TJ Engelgau, MM Aubert, RE TI Utility of the American Diabetes Association risk test in a community screening program - Response SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter ID QUESTIONNAIRE C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Prudential Ctr Hlth Care Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr,Box 0354, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1031 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZN874 UT WOS:000073692200032 ER PT J AU Landrigan, PJ Carlson, JE Bearer, CF Cranmer, JS Bullard, RD Etzel, RA Groopman, J McLachlan, JA Perera, FP Reigart, JR Robison, L Schell, L Suk, WA AF Landrigan, PJ Carlson, JE Bearer, CF Cranmer, JS Bullard, RD Etzel, RA Groopman, J McLachlan, JA Perera, FP Reigart, JR Robison, L Schell, L Suk, WA TI Children's health and the environment: A new agenda for prevention research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Research Conference on Childrens Environmental Health - Research, Practice, Prevention, and Policy CY FEB 21-23, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Childrens Environm Hlth Network, US Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Med Univ S Carolina, Environm Hazards Assessment Program, California Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Investigat Branch, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Public Hlth Inst, US Agcy Toxic Subst & DIs Registry, US EPA, US NICHHD, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci DE environmental health; pediatrics; environmental toxicology; health policy ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; PUBLIC-HEALTH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHILDHOOD CANCERS; UNITED-STATES; LEAD-EXPOSURE; SMOKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; TRENDS AB Patterns of illness in American children have changed dramatically in this century. The ancient infectious diseases have largely been controlled. The major diseases confronting children now are chronic and disabling conditions termed the "new pediatric morbidity" - asthma mortality has doubled; leukemia and brain cancer have increased in incidence; neurodevelopmental dysfunction is widespread; hypospadias incidence has doubled. Chemical toxicants in the environment as well as poverty, racism, and inequitable access to medical care are factors known and suspected to contribute to causation of these pediatric diseases. Children are at risk of exposure to over 15,000 high-production-volume synthetic chemicals, nearly all of them developed in the past 50 years. These chemicals are used widely in consumer products and are dispersed in the environment. More than half are untested for toxicity. Children appear uniquely vulnerable to chemical toxicants because of their disproportionately heavy exposures and their inherent biological susceptibility. To prevent disease of environmental origin in America's children, the Children's Environmental Health Network (CEHN) calls for a comprehensive, national, child-centered agenda. This agenda must recognize children's vulnerabilities to environmental toxicants. It must encompass a) a new prevention-oriented research focus, b) a new child-centered paradigm for health risk assessment and policy formulation; and c) a campaign to educate the public, health professionals, and policy makers that environmental disease is caused by preventable exposures and is therefore avoidable. To anchor the agenda, CEHN calls for longterm, stable investment and for creation of a national network of pediatric environmental health research and prevention centers. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Childrens Environm Hlth Network, Emeryville, CA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Med, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Clark Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Landrigan, PJ (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM plandrigan@smtplink.mssm.edu NR 60 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 106 SU 3 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.2307/3434190 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 110WJ UT WOS:000075404300002 PM 9646038 ER PT J AU Carroquino, MJ Galson, SK Licht, J Amler, RW Perera, FP Claxton, LD Landrigan, PJ AF Carroquino, MJ Galson, SK Licht, J Amler, RW Perera, FP Claxton, LD Landrigan, PJ TI The US EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children: A research agenda SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children CY SEP 15-16, 1997 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA SP US EPA DE cancer; children; research; environment; leukemia; brain tumors ID RISK ASSESSMENT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; P53 MUTATIONS; LUNG-CANCER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SMOKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDUCTION AB On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes recommendations for future research offered by participants. These recommendations included more collaborative research integrating epidemiology, molecular biology, toxicology, and risk assessment; the development of better protocols for toxicologic testing including carcinogenicity using young animals; and research focused on specific periods of development during which susceptibility to environmental agents may be enhanced. Also recommended was enhanced use and development of molecular biomarkers for identification of susceptible populations, and documentation of exposures and effects in epidemiologic and toxicologic studies. Although toxicologic testing is considered essential to determine the effects of potential carcinogens on biological organisms, participants emphasized the need to link these findings with epidemiologic and exposure assessment research. C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, New York, NY USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Community Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Galson, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, 401 M St SW,Mail Code 1107, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM galson.steven@epamail.epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 106 SU 3 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 110WJ UT WOS:000075404300015 PM 9646050 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, PA Murray, J Folks, TM Diamond, AM AF Sandstrom, PA Murray, J Folks, TM Diamond, AM TI Antioxidant defenses influence HIV-1 replication and associated cytopathic effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE selenium; glutathione peroxidase; HIV-1; BSO; glutathione; free radical ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INFECTED-CELLS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENCY; APOPTOSIS; MACROPHAGES AB HIV-infected cells often exhibit reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes and thiols. To investigate the role of cellular antioxidant defenses in the progression of an acutely spreading HIV-1 infection, human Sup-T1 T cells were engineered to overexpress the selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-1. This enzyme represents a major cellular defense mechanism against toxicity associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). T cells engineered to produce elevated GSHPx-1 activity displayed accelerated viral replication and associated cytopathic effects compared to control cells. Conversely, the inhibition of the synthesis of glutathione with buthione sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in the attenuation of viral replication in Sup-T1 cells. Similarly, exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to low, nontoxic levels of BSO resulted in an approximately 80% decline in HIV-1 replication as indicated by Western blot analysis of viral proteins. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS,STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Diamond, AM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00023-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZT981 UT WOS:000074148900016 PM 9641267 ER PT J AU Nyame, AK Debose-Boyd, R Long, TD Tsang, VCW Cummings, RD AF Nyame, AK Debose-Boyd, R Long, TD Tsang, VCW Cummings, RD TI Expression of Le(x) antigen in Schistosoma japonicum and S-haematobium and immune responses to Le(x) in infected animals: lack of Le(x) expression in other trematodes and nematodes SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lewis x antigen; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma japonicum; Haemonchus contortus; Dirofilaria immitis; Fasciola hepatica; Caenorhabditis elegans ID ASPARAGINE-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MANSONI SYNTHESIZES GLYCOPROTEINS; LEWIS-X; N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DETERMINES EXPRESSION; FUCOSYL-TRANSFERASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; REPEATING UNIT AB Adults of the human parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, which causes hepatosplenic/intestinal complications in humans, synthesize glycoconjugates containing the Lewis x (Le(x)) Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc beta 1-->R, but not sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)), antigen. We now report on our analyses of Le(x) and sLe(x) expression in S.haematobium and S.japonicum, which are two other major species of human schistosomes that cause disease, and the possible autoimmunity to these antigens in infected individuals. Antigen expression was evaluated by both ELISA and Western blot analyses of detergent extracts of parasites using monoclonal antibodies. Several high molecular weight glycoproteins in both S.haematobium and S.japonicum contain the Le(x) antigen, but no sialyl Le(x) antigen was detected. In addition, sera from humans and rodents infected with S.haematobium and S.japonicum contain antibodies reactive with Le(x). These results led us to investigate whether Le(x) antigens are expressed in other helminths, including the parasitic trematode Fasciola hepatica, the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm), the ruminant nematode Haemonchus contortus, and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Neither Le(x) nor sialyl-Le(x) is detectable in these other helminths. Furthermore, none of the helminths, including schistosomes, express Le(a), Le(b), Le(y) or the H-type 1 antigen. However, several glycoproteins from all helminths analyzed are bound by Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin, which binds Fuc alpha 1-->3GlcNAc, and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, which binds GalNAc beta 1-->4GlcNAc (lacdiNAc or LDN). Thus, schistosomes may be unique among helminths in expressing the Le(x) antigen, whereas many different helminths may express alpha 1,3-fucosylated glycans and the LDN motif. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cummings, RD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, BRC 417,975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26725, AI052590] NR 49 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD JUN PY 1998 VL 8 IS 6 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1093/glycob/8.6.615 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZP917 UT WOS:000073801400010 PM 9592128 ER PT J AU Goodman, RM Speers, MA McLeroy, K Fawcett, S Kegler, M Parker, E Smith, SR Sterling, TD Wallerstein, N AF Goodman, RM Speers, MA McLeroy, K Fawcett, S Kegler, M Parker, E Smith, SR Sterling, TD Wallerstein, N TI Identifying and defining the dimensions of community capacity to provide a basis for measurement SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review ID HEALTH PROMOTION; EMPOWERMENT THEORY; PREVENTION; COALITIONS; EDUCATION; PARTICIPATION; COMPETENCE; SENSE; ORGANIZATIONS; PERCEPTIONS AB Although community capacity is a central concern of community development experts, the concept requires clarification. Because of the potential importance of community capacity to health promotion, the Division of Chronic Disease Control and Community Intervention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), convened a symposium in December 1995 with the hope that a consensus might emerge regarding the dimensions that are integral to community capacity. This article describes the dimensions that the symposium participants suggested as central to the construct, including participation and leadership, skills, resources, social and interorganizational networks, sense of community, understanding of community history, community power, community values, and critical reflection. The dimensions are not exhaustive but may serve as a point of departure to extend and refine the construct and to operationalize ways to assess capacity in communities. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Sci, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Grad Sch Publ Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Family Community & Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Goodman, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, 1501 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 110 TC 347 Z9 352 U1 4 U2 37 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 3 BP 258 EP 278 DI 10.1177/109019819802500303 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZQ898 UT WOS:000073914100001 PM 9615238 ER PT J AU Kamau, L Hawley, WA Lehmann, T Orago, ASS Cornel, A Ke, ZX Collins, FH AF Kamau, L Hawley, WA Lehmann, T Orago, ASS Cornel, A Ke, ZX Collins, FH TI Use of short tandem repeats for the analysis of genetic variability in sympatric populations of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; genetic variability; microsatellites; paracentric inversions; sympatric species ID COMPLEX; MICROSATELLITE; DIFFERENTIATION; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; CULICIDAE; EVOLUTION; DIPTERA; ALLELE; PROBE AB Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were analysed at 30 short tandem repeat (STR) loci originally developed for use in An. gambiae. All specimens were collected from the same village in Kilifi district, coastal Kenya. All 30 loci were amplified in the An. gambiae specimens, whereas 25 out of 30 loci (83.3%) were successfully amplified in the An. arabiensis specimens. Both species had similar levels of polymorphism for the Loci that were amplified (93.3% for An. gambiae and 92% for An. arabiensis). Median F-ST and R-ST values between the two species were 0.249 and 0.197, respectively, corresponding to Nm values of 0.75 and 0.51, respectively, and suggesting limited interchange of genes between these species. These, together with the relatively high Nei unbiased genetic distance (0.202) between the two sibling species, are consistent with the occurrence of sympatric species with limited gene flow. F-ST/R-ST values for individual loci varied greatly (F-ST range 0.00-0.87; R-ST range 0.00-0.73), indicating that the loci differ in their ability to measure levels of differentiation between these two species. Location of loci within paracentric inversions seems to be,an important factor affecting levels of differentiation measured by the different loci. C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Kamau, L (reprint author), Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 54840, Nairobi, Kenya. EM hawley@users.africaonline.co.ke NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUN PY 1998 VL 80 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6883270 PN 6 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZY036 UT WOS:000074580200004 PM 9675871 ER PT J AU Rezende, SA Gollob, KJ Correa-Oliveira, R Goes, AM AF Rezende, SA Gollob, KJ Correa-Oliveira, R Goes, AM TI Down modulation of MHC surface molecules on B cells by suppressive immune complexes obtained from chronic intestinal schistosomiasis patients SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma; immune complexes; B cells; antigen-presenting ID GRANULOMA-FORMATION; MANSONI; HYPERSENSITIVITY; INFECTION AB Granulomatous inflammation around parasite eggs is the prominent lesion in human schistosomiasis. Studies have suggested the involvement of a series of suppressive mechanisms in the control of this reaction, such as macrophages, cytokines, idiotipic interactions and immune complexes (IC). The studies examine the role of IC obtained from chronic intestinal schistosomiasis patients (ISP) in the reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The results have shown that these immune complexes are able to suppress cell reactivity by inducing an increase in the production of soluble mediators such as prostaglandins and IL-10. To gain a better understanding of how this suppression occurs the present study examines the phenotypic pattern of PBMC after immune complex treatment in cell proliferation assays. These data show that cultures including immune complex present a higher percentage of B lymphocytes in which a lower expression of a MHC-class II gene product, HLA-DR was detected. This altered expression of the HLA-DR molecule on B lymphocytes after IC treatment suggests a novel mechanism for the suppression observed, that is, IC might decrease the antigen-presenting function of B lymphocytes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Bioquim Imunol, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR-30190 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Escola Farm, Dept Anal Clin, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. RP Goes, AM (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Bioquim Imunol, Caixa Postal 486, BR-30161970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM goes@mono.icb.ufmg.br RI Gollob, Kenneth/C-1341-2008 OI Gollob, Kenneth/0000-0003-4184-3867 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00026-1 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 103TH UT WOS:000074973600002 PM 9698100 ER PT J AU Maslanka, SE Tappero, JW Plikaytis, BD Brumberg, RS Dykes, JK Gheesling, LL Donaldson, KBJ Schuchat, A Pullman, J Jones, M Bushmaker, J Carlone, GM AF Maslanka, SE Tappero, JW Plikaytis, BD Brumberg, RS Dykes, JK Gheesling, LL Donaldson, KBJ Schuchat, A Pullman, J Jones, M Bushmaker, J Carlone, GM TI Age-dependent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C class-specific antibody concentrations and bactericidal titers in sera from young children from Montana immunized with a licensed polysaccharide vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; GROUP-A; IMMUNOGENICITY; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; INFANTS; REACTOGENICITY; AVIDITY; IGG1 AB Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C bactericidal titers and class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody concentrations were measured in sera from 173 children (1 to 5 years old) before and 6 weeks and 7 months following vaccination with a quadrivalent (A/C/Y/W-135) polysaccharide vaccine. The immune responses of the children were compared with those of 40 adults 6 weeks postvaccination. Both bactericidal titers and ELISA antibody concentrations were significantly higher in the adults than in the children (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to IgM was higher in the children than in the adults. With an ELISA total antibody concentration of greater than or equal to 2 mu g/ml used as a measure of seroconversion, greater than or equal to 84% of the individuals from each age group responded to the serogroup C polysaccharide. However, with a greater than or equal to 4-fold-increase in bactericidal titer used, only 18% of 1-year olds, 32% of 2-year-olds, and 50 to 60% of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds seroconverted. The ELISA results suggest that >50% of all children retained greater than or equal to 2 mu g of total antibody per mi at 7 months postimmunization. However, the bactericidal titers suggest that < 10% of children <4 years old retained a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase at 7 months following vaccination. Of particular note, 59 of 79 sera (75%) from the 1- and 2-year-olds had high ELISA antibody concentrations (2 to 20 mu g/ml) with no associated bactericidal titer (<1:8). Discordant results between bactericidal titers and ELISA antibody concentrations were not explained by the presence of IgA blocking antibody or relative levels of IgG and IgM. The bactericidal results show age-dependent differences in the production and retention of antibody in young children immunized with serogroup C polysaccharide; these differences are not evident with the ELISA data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St James Community Hosp, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Maslanka, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SHT5@CDC.GOV NR 40 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 6 BP 2453 EP 2459 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZP714 UT WOS:000073781100008 PM 9596702 ER PT J AU Monnet, DL Archibald, LK Phillips, L Tenover, FC McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP AF Monnet, DL Archibald, LK Phillips, L Tenover, FC McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP TI Antimicrobial use and resistance in eight US hospitals: Complexities of analysis and modeling SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; STATES; SURVEILLANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ORGANISMS AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between antimicrobial use and resistance in intensive-care unit (ICU) and non-ICU inpatient areas in eight US hospitals. METHODS: We determined antimicrobial use in terms of defined daily doses, antimicrobial-use density (defined daily doses/1,000 patient days), and percentage resistance for five antimicrobial-organism combinations in the ICU and non-ICU inpatient areas of eight US hospitals participating in project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology. RESULTS: Antimicrobial resistance and use varied tremendously among the eight hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance among these five nosocomial pathogens was significantly higher within the inpatient setting of these hospitals, compared with the outpatient setting. One hospital consistently ranked highest for use of all classes of antimicrobials examined. High antimicrobial use was not associated necessarily with high resistance for a particular antimicrobial-organism pair. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial use varied significantly across these hospitals, but generally was higher in ICUs. These results suggest that concomitant surveillance of both antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use is helpful in interpreting antimicrobial resistance in a hospital or ICU and that further analysis is required to determine the role of variables other than antimicrobial use in a statistical model for predicting antimicrobial resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 24 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZX095 UT WOS:000074478900002 PM 9669619 ER PT J AU Bolyard, EA Tablan, OC Williams, WW Pearson, ML Shapiro, CN Deitchman, SD AF Bolyard, EA Tablan, OC Williams, WW Pearson, ML Shapiro, CN Deitchman, SD CA Hosp Infect Contr Pract Advisory Comm TI Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel, 1998 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUS; NON-B HEPATITIS; OCCUPATIONALLY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; PRIMARY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION AB This guideline updates and replaces the previous edition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "Guideline for Infection Control in Hospital Personnel," published in 1983. The revised guideline, designed to provide methods for reducing the transmission of infections from patients to healthcare personnel and from personnel to patients, also provides an overview of the evidence for recommendations considered prudent by consensus of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee members. A working draft of this guideline was also reviewed by experts in infection control, occupational health, and infectious diseases; however, all recommendations contained in the guideline may not reflect the opinion of all reviewers. This document focuses on the epidemiology of and preventive strategies for infections known to be transmitted in healthcare settings and those for which there are adequate scientific data on which to base recommendations for prevention. The prevention strategies addressed in this document include immunizations for vaccine-preventable diseases, isolation precautions to prevent exposures to infectious agents, management of healthcare personnel exposure to infected persons, including postexposure prophylaxis, and work restrictions for exposed or infected healthcare personnel. In addition, because latex barriers are frequently used to protect personnel against transmission of infectious agents, this guideline addresses issues related to latex hypersensitivity and provides recommendations to prevent sensitization and reactions among healthcare personnel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Natl Immunizat Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bolyard, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 529 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 407 EP 463 PG 57 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZX095 UT WOS:000074478900005 PM 9669622 ER PT J AU Margolis, HS Moyer, LA AF Margolis, HS Moyer, LA TI Ask the experts: Hepatitis B SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Margolis, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 377 EP 378 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZV262 UT WOS:000074287000015 ER PT J AU McGowan, J Tenover, F AF McGowan, J Tenover, F TI Antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit: impact of new patterns SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CEFTAZIDIME RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; ENTEROCOCCI; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK; BACTEREMIA; INFECTION AB The effects of resistance are being observed on an increasing scale in the intensive care unit (ICU). Multi-resistant organisms ale diminishing our ability to treat and control the spread of infection. Strategies for the control of resistant organisms in the ICU must be based on the underlying pathophysiology of resistance mechanisms. Resistance is also influenced by the setting in which health care is provided. In the United States (US), changes in the health care delivery system have had a dramatic impact on the number and type of ICU patients. Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) is a cooperative project to measure antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use. Results show a relative increase in the number of ICU beds in US hospitals. They also indicate a significant stepwise decrease in the percentage of resistant organisms isolated from ICU patients, non-ICU inpatients, and outpatients. These results suggest that resources allocated to control of antimicrobial resistance should continue to be focused on the hospital and particularly the ICU. Study findings also indicate that antimicrobial use and resistance are usually, but not always, linked. This means that strategies for dealing with resistance must address several additional factors including infection control practices, community burden of resistance, and possibly others. Thus national or regional guidelines for preventing resistance will have to be modified to take into account local care patterns problems and resources. When dealing with resistance in the ICU, 'one size will not fit all'. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGowan, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICOM INTERNATIONAL PI SURREY PA CHURSTON HOUSE, PORTSMOUTH RD, ESHER, SURREY KT10 9AD, ENGLAND SN 1368-5031 J9 INT J CLIN PRACT JI Int. J. Clin. Pract. PD JUN PY 1998 SU 95 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 104ZH UT WOS:000075046800005 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Looker, AC Madans, JH Langlois, JA Orwoll, ES AF Mussolino, ME Looker, AC Madans, JH Langlois, JA Orwoll, ES TI Risk factors for hip fracture in white men: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY; DIETARY CALCIUM; SECULAR TRENDS; ELDERLY MEN; BLACK-WOMEN; WEIGHT; MASS; AGE; PREDICTION AB This prospective population-based study assessed predictors of hip fracture risk in white men, Participants were members of the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized civilians who were followed for a maximum of 22 years, A cohort of 2879 white men (2249 in the nutrition and weight-loss subsample, 1437 in the bone density subsample) aged 45-74 years at baseline (1971-1975) were observed through 1992, Ninety-four percent of the original cohort were successfully traced. Hospital records and death certificates were used to identify a total of 71 hip fracture cases (61 in the nutrition and weight-loss subsample, 26 in the bone-density subsample), Among the factors evaluated were age at baseline, previous fractures other than hip, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, nonrecreational physical activity, weight loss from maximum, calcium intake, number of calories, protein consumption, chronic disease prevalence, and phalangeal bone density, The risk adjusted relative risk (RR) of hip fracture was significantly associated with presence of one or more chronic conditions (RR = 1.91, 95% confidence interval ICI] = 1.19-3.06), weight loss from maximum greater than or equal to 10% (RR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.13-4.59), and 1 SD change in phalangeal bone density (RR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.11-2.68), No other variables were significantly related to hip fracture risk Although based on a small number of cases, this is one of the first prospective studies to relate weight loss and bone density to hip fracture risk in men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. OI Orwoll, Eric/0000-0002-8520-7355 NR 56 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 6 BP 918 EP 924 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.6.918 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZR283 UT WOS:000073958600002 PM 9626622 ER PT J AU Niu, MT Rhodes, P Salive, M Lively, T Davis, DM Black, S Shinefield, H Chen, RT Ellenberg, SS AF Niu, MT Rhodes, P Salive, M Lively, T Davis, DM Black, S Shinefield, H Chen, RT Ellenberg, SS CA VAERS Working Grp VSD Working Grp TI Comparative safety of two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in children: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; vaccine safety; children; adverse events; VAERS; VSD ID CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; POSITIVE MOTHERS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFANTS; DNA; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: Preliminary review of data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1991-1994, revealed that more serious adverse events were reported in children who received a specific brand of recombinant hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine. Objective: To compare the post-marketing safety experience of the two recombinant HepB vaccines licensed for use in infants and children in the United States. Design: Review of a case series derived from passive surveillance data in the national VAERS. A retrospective cohort study using data from one health maintenance organization participating in Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), a computerized record linkage system. Populations Studied: U.S. Children, ages birth-10 year for whom adverse events after HepB vaccine were reported to VAERS, 1991-1994. Children, ages birth-6 years, who received HepB vaccine at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California, 1991-1994. Main Outcome Measures: VAERS reporting rates for each vaccine by manufacturer were calculated from the numbers of reported events occurring within 30 days of HeB vaccination and the number of doses distributed by the manufacturers. VSD event rates for each vaccine were calculated from the numbers of hospitalization or emergency room visits within 30 days of HepB vaccination and the number of vaccine doses administered to the cohort. Results: In VAERS, higher rates of serious events (i.e., life threatening or resulting in hospitalization or permanent disability) were reported in children who received Vaccine A vs. Vaccine B (relative risk [RR]: 3.13-8.18, P < 0.01), particularly by those vaccinated in the private (RR: 7.62-28.58, P < 0.01), but not public sector (RR: 2.12, P = 0.19). Similar types of events were reported in recipients of both vaccines. In contrast, analysis of VSD data showed no significant difference in rates of hospitalization or ER visits in children who received either HepB vaccine (RR: 0.96-1.25, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our investigation reveals that it is unlikely there is a true difference between rates of serious events temporally associated with the two HepB vaccines in children. This study demonstrates the dual roles played by VAERS and VSD in providing a more complete picture of the post-marketing safety profile of childhood vaccines, and underscores the importance of using other analytic studies to evaluate findings from passive surveillance systems of adverse events. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US FDA, CBER, OELPS, DBE, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente Hlth Syst, Oakland, CA USA. RP Niu, MT (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, OELPS, DBE, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-210, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. FU PHS HHS [20094-0820] NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 6 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00014-6 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZU152 UT WOS:000074167500008 PM 9635999 ER PT J AU Kirk, SM Schell, RF Moore, AV Callister, SM Mazurek, GH AF Kirk, SM Schell, RF Moore, AV Callister, SM Mazurek, GH TI Flow cytometric testing of susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin in 24 hours SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONVENTIONAL METHODS AB Susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is seriously limited by the time required to obtain results. We show that susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis can be accomplished rapidly with acceptable accuracy by using flow cytometry, The susceptibilities of 35 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis to various concentrations of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol were tested by the agar proportion method and by flow cytometry, Agreement between the results from the two methods was 95, 92, and 83% for isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampin, respectively. Only 11 discrepancies were detected among 155 total tests. The results of bow cytometric susceptibility tests were available within 24 h of inoculation of drug-containing medium, while the proportion method required 3 weeks to complete. The flow cytometric method is also simple to perform. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gundersen Lutheran Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Gundersen Lutheran Med Ctr, Microbiol Res Lab, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Biorad Labs, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schell, RF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1573 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300015 PM 9620378 ER PT J AU Pau, CP Lam, LL Spira, TJ Black, JB Stewart, JA Pellet, PE Respess, RA AF Pau, CP Lam, LL Spira, TJ Black, JB Stewart, JA Pellet, PE Respess, RA TI Mapping and serodiagnostic application of a dominant epitope within the human herpesvirus 8 ORF 65-encoded protein SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; ANTIGENS; DNA; KS AB A dominant epitope within the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) ORF 65-encoded protein was mapped to an 8-amino-acid (aa) sequence (RKPPSGKK [aa 162 to 169]) by an amino acid replacement method. Using a 14-aa peptide (P4) encompassing this epitope as the antigen, we developed an enzyme immunoassay for HHV8 antibodies. The presence of P4 antibodies in a panel of 61 human serum specimens,vas highly correlated with biopsy-confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma. The homologous Epstein-Barr virus peptide derived from BFBR3-encoded protein did not interfere with the assay, suggesting that P4 is specific for HHV8. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pau, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1577 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300016 PM 9620379 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MDGS Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR AF Carvalho, MDGS Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR TI Use of tests for acidification of methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and susceptibility to efrotomycin for differentiation of strains of Enterococcus and some related genera SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIES LEVEL; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANCE; FAECALIS; PCR AB A total of 107 Enterococcus strains, 10 Vagococcus Fluvialis strains, and 8 Lactococcus garvieae strains were tested for acidification of methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) and susceptibility to 100-mu g efrotomycin (EFRO) disks. All 26 strains of Enterococcus casseliflavus, including 3 nonmotile and 2 nonpigmented strains, acidified MGP and were resistant to EFRO, All 22 strains of Enterococcus gallinarum, including 5 nonmotile strains, also acidified MGP and were resistant to EFRO, None of the 26 strains of Enterococcus faecium acidified MGP, and all were susceptible to EFRO. Although all 12 Enterococcus faecalis strains were also negative in the MGP test, they were resistant to EFRO, Other enterococcal strains gave variable results, All 10 strains of V. fluvialis and all 8 strains of L. garvieae gave positive and negative results, respectively, in the MGP test and were, respectively, resistant and susceptible to EFRO, These results indicate that tests of the production of acid from MGP and susceptibility to EFRO can be used as adjunct tests in the identification of typical and atypical strains of enterococci in the clinical microbiology laboratory. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch MSC02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1587 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300018 PM 9620381 ER PT J AU van Belkum, A van Leeuwen, W Kaufmann, ME Cookson, B Forey, F Etienne, J Goering, R Tenover, F Steward, C O'Brien, F Grubb, W Tassios, P Legakis, N Morvan, A El Solh, N de Ryck, R Struelens, M Salmenlinna, S Vuopio-Varkila, J Kooistra, M Talens, A Witte, W Verbrugh, H AF van Belkum, A van Leeuwen, W Kaufmann, ME Cookson, B Forey, F Etienne, J Goering, R Tenover, F Steward, C O'Brien, F Grubb, W Tassios, P Legakis, N Morvan, A El Solh, N de Ryck, R Struelens, M Salmenlinna, S Vuopio-Varkila, J Kooistra, M Talens, A Witte, W Verbrugh, H TI Assessment of resolution and intercenter reproducibility of results of genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI macrorestriction fragments: a multicenter study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DNA; STRAINS; CHROMOSOME; PCR AB Twenty well characterized isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used to study the optimal resolution and interlaboratory reproducibility of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA macrorestriction fragments. Five identical isolates tone PFGE type), 5 isolates that produced related PFGE subtypes, and 10 isolates with unique PFGE patterns were analyzed blindly in 12 different laboratories by inhouse protocols. In several laboratories a standardized PFGE protocol with a commercial kit was applied successfully as well. Eight of the centers correctly identified the genetic homogeneity of the identical isolates by both the in-house and standard protocols. Four of 12 laboratories failed to produce interpretable data by the standardized protocol, due to technical problems (primarily plug preparation). With the five related isolates, five of eight participants identified the same subtype interrelationships with both in-house and standard protocols. However, two participants identified multiple strain types in this group or classified some of the isolates as unrelated isolates rather than as subtypes. The remaining laboratory failed to distinguish differences between some of the related isolates by utilizing both the in-house and standardized protocols. There were large differences in the relative genome lengths of the isolates as calculated on the basis of the gel pictures. By visual inspection, the numbers of restriction fragments and overall banding pattern similarity in the three groups of isolates showed interlaboratory concordance, but centralized computer analysis of data from four laboratories yielded percent similarity values of only 85% for the group of identical isolates. The differences between the data sets obtained with in-house and standardized protocols could be the experimental parameters which differed with respect to the brand of equipment used, imaging software, running time (20 to 48 h), and pulsing conditions. In conclusion, it appears that the standardization of PFGE depends on controlling a variety of experimental intricacies, as is the case with other bacterial typing procedures. C1 Erasmus Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Hop Edouard Herriot, Microbiol Lab, F-69437 Lyon, France. Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Biomed Sci, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Natl Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Athens 11527, Greece. Ctr Natl Reference Staphylocoques, Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Hop Erasme, Dept Microbiol, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, SF-00300 Helsinki, Finland. Reg Publ Hlth Lab, NL-9700 RM Groningen, Netherlands. Robert Koch Inst BGA, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany. RP van Belkum, A (reprint author), Erasmus Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Dr Molewaterplein 40, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. RI ETIENNE, Jerome/C-5471-2014; OI ETIENNE, Jerome/0000-0002-3348-3315; Tassios, Panayotis T/0000-0001-5016-559X NR 19 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1659 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300032 PM 9620395 ER PT J AU Daneshvar, MI Hill, B Hollis, DG Moss, CW Jordan, JG Macgregor, JP Tenover, F Weyant, RS AF Daneshvar, MI Hill, B Hollis, DG Moss, CW Jordan, JG Macgregor, JP Tenover, F Weyant, RS TI CDC group O-3: Phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid composition, isoprenoid quinone content, and in vitro antimicrobic susceptibilities of an unusual gram-negative bacterium isolated from clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; GEN-NOV; SEPTICEMIA; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; AFIPIA AB Between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue tone strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each),All were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days;were oxidase positive; hydrolyzed esculin; and grew on Campylobacter selective medium, All were negative for urease, indole, nitrate reduction, and gelatin hydrolysis, All were motile by means of a single polar flagellum with a noticeably short wavelength; however, motility was sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The cellular fatty acid compositions of these strains, as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, were unique, characterized by relatively large amounts of 16:1 omega 7c, 16:0, and 18:1 omega 7c with smaller amounts of 12:0, 3-OH-12:1, 14:0, 15:0, 18:0, Br-19:1, and 19:Ocyc(11-12). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the quinone extracts of three representative strains showed ubiquinone-10 as the major component, Based on the breakpoints for the family Enterobacterinceae, all the strains were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but were resistant to most beta-lactams except imipenem, The MICs of amoxicillin clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for these strains clustered around the breakpoints, which makes it difficult to predict the strains' response in vivo to these agents. This group has been designated CDC oxidizer group 3 (0-3). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Anal Chem Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daneshvar, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Anal Chem Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop G06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1674 EP 1678 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300035 PM 9620398 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Kim, C Schmink, S Ajello, G AF Popovic, T Kim, C Schmink, S Ajello, G TI Evaluation of silica gel packages for transport of Neisseria meningitidis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Eight Neisseria meningitidis reference strains, representing six different serogroups, were plated on 57 blood agar plates each. The growth was harvested and stored in silica gel packages at different temperatures for up to 90 days. When held at 4 degrees C, all strains were recovered after 90 days of storage. Strains held at room temperature or alternately at 4 degrees C and room temperature survived for at least 10 and 17 days, respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS CO2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1765 EP 1766 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300053 PM 9620416 ER PT J AU Rinder, H Janitschke, K Aspock, H Da Silva, AJ Deplazes, P Fedorko, DP Franzen, C Futh, U Hunger, F Lehmacher, A Meyer, CG Molina, JM Sandfort, J Weber, R Loscher, T AF Rinder, H Janitschke, K Aspock, H Da Silva, AJ Deplazes, P Fedorko, DP Franzen, C Futh, U Hunger, F Lehmacher, A Meyer, CG Molina, JM Sandfort, J Weber, R Loscher, T CA Diagnostic Multicenter Study Grp Microsporidia TI Blinded, externally controlled multicenter evaluation of light microscopy and PCR for detection of microsporidia in stool specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; AIDS AB The quality parameters for the detection of microsporidia in identical sets of 50 stool samples were determined for six laboratories where technicians used light microscopy and for six laboratories where technicians used PCR. The average overall sensitivities were 67% (89% for patient samples only) for the PCR laboratories and 54% (80% for patient samples only) for the light microscopy laboratories. Specificities were 98 and 95%, respectively. Differences in results were most apparent between the individual laboratories rather than between the two major methods used. C1 Univ Munich, Dept Trop Med & Infect Dis, D-80802 Munich, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Auguste Viktoria Hosp, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Inst Trop Med, Berlin, Germany. Med Policlin, Virchow Clin, Berlin, Germany. Univ Cologne, Clin Internal Med 1, Cologne, Germany. Bernhard Nocht Inst, Hamburg, Germany. Inst Hyg, Dept Bacteriol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Vienna, Inst Hyg, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Parasitol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Div Infect Dis & Hosp Epidemiol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Paris 07, Dept Infect Dis, Hosp St Louis, Paris, France. RP Rinder, H (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Trop Med & Infect Dis, Leopoldstr 5, D-80802 Munich, Germany. EM rinder@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1814 EP 1818 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300069 PM 9620432 ER PT J AU Messmer, TO Skelton, SK Moroney, JF Daugharty, H Fields, BS AF Messmer, TO Skelton, SK Moroney, JF Daugharty, H Fields, BS TI Application of a nested, multiplex PCR to psittacosis outbreaks (vol 35, pg 2044, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Messmer, TO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1821 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZN392 UT WOS:000073641300072 ER PT J AU Collins, J Quinlisk, P Hutin, Y AF Collins, J Quinlisk, P Hutin, Y TI Fecal percutaneous transmission of hepatitis A involving methamphetamine users in Iowa - An interview with Patricia Quinlisk, MD, MPH, state epidemiologist medical director, Iowa Department of Public Health, and Yvan Hutin, MD, epidemic intelligence service officer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 60 IS 10 BP 26 EP 29 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZP967 UT WOS:000073806900006 ER PT J AU Hoida, G Greenberg, Z Furth, M Malsha, Y Craig, PS Schantz, PM Sneir, R El-On, J AF Hoida, G Greenberg, Z Furth, M Malsha, Y Craig, PS Schantz, PM Sneir, R El-On, J TI An epidemiological survey of Echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal populations in northern Israel SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDATID-DISEASE ECHINOCOCCOSIS; STRAY DOGS; PREVALENCE; IRAQ; COMMUNITIES; PARASITES; MOROCCO; JORDAN; REGION; LIBYA AB In a survey carried out during the period May 1995 to November 1996, in communities of various ethnic groups in northern Israel, 206 dogs were examined for Echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminth parasites by arecoline hydrobromide purges and the coproantigen-ELISA. The arecoline test was performed close to the owners' homes, using plastic sheets secured to the ground. From 56 dogs examined in the Muslim town of Tamra, six (10.7%) were found to be infected with E. granulosus. Four of them also had a mixed infection of Taenia hydatigena and Dipylidium caninum (two dogs), and the remaining two dogs were infected with either D. caninum or Taenia pisiformis. An additional 18 dogs were infected with either T. pisiformis (eight dogs), D. caninum (seven dogs), or T. hydatigena (three dogs). Two of these dogs harboured mixed infections whereas the remaining 32 dogs were free of helminths. In the Jewish villages, none of the 150 dogs examined were infected with E. granulosus, although 26 (17.3%) were infected with D. caninum, four (2.7%) with Ancylostoma spp. and one (0.7%) with Toxocara canis. Only one of the 22 stray dogs and none of the 15 jackals examined were infected with E. granulosus. However, 21 (95.4%) of the dogs and 12 (80%) of the jackals harboured helminth infections, including: D. caninum (16 dogs and seven jackals), Ancylostoma spp. (five jackals), T. hydatigena (three dogs), and T. canis (one dog). Approximately 18% of the dogs and 33% of the jackals showed mixed infections with two or more of the above helminths. In the abattoirs, 52 (5.9%) of the 874 sheep and 33 (5.3%) of the 616 goats from 17 herds slaughtered in the Muslim and Druze villages were found to be infected with E. granulosus, compared with a 0% infection rate observed in 93 sheep from two herds in Jewish villages. C1 Minist Agr, Vet Serv & Anim Hlth, Hadera, Israel. Minist Hlth, Cent Labs, Publ Hlth Lab, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP El-On, J (reprint author), Minist Agr, Vet Serv & Anim Hlth, Hadera, Israel. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AO-45184] NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 72 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 102RN UT WOS:000074938200006 PM 9687593 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Sasso, DR Rudolph, DL Lal, RB AF Dezzutti, CS Sasso, DR Rudolph, DL Lal, RB TI Down-regulation of interleukin-10 expression and production is associated with spontaneous proliferation by lymphocytes from human T lymphotropic virus type II-infected persons SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VII International Meeting on Human Retrovirology (HTLV-I) CY OCT 17-21, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; IL-2 PRODUCTION; TAX PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; CYTOKINES; CYCLOSPORINE; MODULATION AB Cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-II-infected persons were studied to delineate the mechanism(s) of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP), Culturing HTLV-II-infected PBMC that spontaneously proliferate (SLP+) resulted in greater mRNA expression and production of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5, with a concomitant decrease in IL-10, than was seen with nonproliferating (SLP-) and normal PBMC, While IL-2 mRNA expression was higher, production was lower in SLP+ PBMC than in SLP- and normal PBMC, implying that the proliferating cells are utilizing IL-2. Neutralization of IL-2 resulted in partial inhibition, suggesting that other cytokines also affect SLP, Addition of recombinant IL-10 inhibited the proliferation of SLP+ PBMC, Further, blocking costimulatory signals with monoclonal antibodies against CD80/CD86 resulted in increased IL-10 production with concomitant inhibition of SLP. The mechanism(s) underlying HTLV-II-associated SLP in vitro involve increased utilization of IL-2 and down-regulation of IL-10. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyd5@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1496 DI 10.1086/515311 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZP618 UT WOS:000073771500007 PM 9607824 ER PT J AU Ackers, ML Mahon, BE Leahy, E Goode, B Damrow, T Hayes, PS Bibb, WF Rice, DH Barrett, TJ Hutwagner, L Griffin, PM Slutsker, L AF Ackers, ML Mahon, BE Leahy, E Goode, B Damrow, T Hayes, PS Bibb, WF Rice, DH Barrett, TJ Hutwagner, L Griffin, PM Slutsker, L TI An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections associated with leaf lettuce consumption SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BOVINE FECES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; DIARRHEA; CATTLE AB In July 1995, 40 Montana residents were identified with laboratory-confirmed Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection; 52 residents had bloody diarrhea without laboratory confirmation. The median age of those with laboratory-confirmed cases was 42 years (range, 4-86); 58% were female. Thirteen patients were hospitalized, and 1 developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. A case-control study showed that 19 (70%) of 27 patients but only 8 (17%) of 46 controls reported eating purchased (not home-grown) leaf lettuce before illness (matched odds ratio, 25.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-1065.6). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a common strain among 22 of 23 isolates tested. Implicated lettuce was traced to two sources: a local Montana farm and six farms in Washington State that shipped under the same label. This outbreak highlights the increasing importance of fresh produce as a vehicle in foodborne illness. Sanitary growing and handling procedures are necessary to prevent these infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Missoula City Cty Hlth Dept, Missoula, MT USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Slutsker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 255 Z9 270 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1593 DI 10.1086/515323 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZP618 UT WOS:000073771500020 PM 9607837 ER PT J AU Klausner, JD Barrett, DC Dithmer, D Boyer, CB Brooks, GF Bolan, G AF Klausner, JD Barrett, DC Dithmer, D Boyer, CB Brooks, GF Bolan, G TI Risk factors for repeated gonococcal infections: San Francisco, 1990-1992 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPEATED GONORRHEA; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB Gonococcal (GC) infections are very common and are sustained by a core group of persons who often have repealed GC infections. Identifying individual risk factors for repeated GC infection is essential so that infection control programs can develop better strategies for decreasing the incidence of GC infection, A case-control study among high-risk persons found that being African American, having previous chlamydia infection, and having less than a high-school education were associated with repeated GC infections. Remarkably, measures of sexual behavior and access to health care were not associated with repeated GC infections. These findings suggest that among high-risk persons, the community prevalence of GC infection is more important in predicting risk for repeated GC infections than individual behavior. Interventions should include continued use of resources in high-prevalence communities and better understanding of the roles social and economic discrimination play in the risk for GC infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, State Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif State Univ, Dept Sociol, San Marcos, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Sexually Transmitted Dis Clin, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), Ctr AIDS & STD, 1001 Broadway,Suite 215, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21912] NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1766 EP 1769 DI 10.1086/517442 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZP618 UT WOS:000073771500051 PM 9607868 ER PT J AU Huether, CA Ivanovich, J Goodwin, BS Krivchenia, EL Hertzberg, VS Edmonds, LD May, DS Priest, JH AF Huether, CA Ivanovich, J Goodwin, BS Krivchenia, EL Hertzberg, VS Edmonds, LD May, DS Priest, JH TI Maternal age specific risk rate estimates for Down syndrome among live births in whites and other races from Ohio and Metropolitan Atlanta, 1970-1989 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; risk rate estimates ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTERVALS AB Our primary objective was to estimate, by one year and five year intervals, maternal age specific risk rates for Down syndrome among whites and among other rates from two different populations, metropolitan Atlanta and south west Ohio, using Live birth and prenatally diagnosed cases ascertained during 1970-1989., The five year estimates were also calculated separately for each of the five four year periods during these 20 years. Additionally, we compared two different methods of estimating these risk rates by using a third population of whites, and compared two different statistical methods of smoothing the risk rates. The results indicate good agreement between the metropolitan Atlanta and south west Ohio estimates within races, but show a statistically significant difference between the two race categories. Because 86% of live: births in the "other races" category in the combined population are to blacks, these data may be seen as the first estimates of maternal age specific risk rates for Down syndrome among blacks calculated by one year intervals. We found excellent agreement in the risk rate estimates among the five four year time periods, between the estimates obtained by using the two different methods of estimation, and between the estimates obtained using the two different methods of statistical smoothing. Our estimated risk Fates for white women in their 20s strongly reinforce those from previous studies currently being used for genetic counselling purposes. While we did find somewhat higher rates for women under 20, and increasingly higher rates for those over 30 years of age, these differences are not substantial. Thus, this study in general supports the risk rates estimated from data collected mostly during the 1960s and 1970s. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Huether, CA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1136/jmg.35.6.482 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ZT009 UT WOS:000074038400010 PM 9643290 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M AF Collins, WE Warren, M TI Studies on infections with two strains of Plasmodium inui from Taiwan in rhesus monkeys and different anopheline mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Rhesus monkeys infected with the Taiwan strains of Plasmodium inui could be appropriate models for understanding host-parasite relationships during long-term chronic infection. Two strains of P. inui originally from Taiwan were studied in rhesus monkeys and different anopheline mosquitoes. Maximum parasite counts for 13 intact animals infected with the Taiwan I strain ranged from 22,215 to 760,000/mu l (median maximum parasite count = 242,800/mu l). Following splenectomy, the maximum parasite count for the 9 animals ranged from 160,000 to 2,360,000/mu l (median = 1,160,000/mu l). Sporozoite transmission was demonstrated via the bites of infected Anopheles dirus mosquitoes and by the intravenous inoculation of sporozoites harvested from the guts of infected Anopheles maculatus. Prepatent periods were 12 and 20 days, respectively. With monkeys infected with the Taiwan II strain, the parasite counts when intact were from 40,882 to 223,686/mu l. After splenectomy, maximum parasite counts ranged from 96,750 to 1,960,000/mu l (median maximum parasite count for 8 splenectomized animals = 840,000/mu l). Two transmissions were obtained via the bites of infected An. dirus mosquitoes; prepatent periods were 10 days. Limited studies with progressively increasing doses of pyrimethamine resulted in parasites more resistant to treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 3 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.2307/3284721 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZU148 UT WOS:000074167100016 PM 9645855 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Nguyen-Dinh, P Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Garland, GG Richardson, BB Nesby, S AF Collins, WE Nguyen-Dinh, P Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Garland, GG Richardson, BB Nesby, S TI Adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium vivax from Mauritania to New World monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; AOTUS MONKEYS; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; CHESSON STRAIN; HUMAN MALARIA; I STRAIN; SALVADOR AB A strain of Plasmodium vivax from Mauritania was adapted to develop in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymai, Saimiri boliviensis, and hybrid Aotus monkeys. Infections were induced via the inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles freeborni; and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes or the intravenous passage of infected erythrocytes. Infections in 3 A. lemurinus griseimembra monkeys readily infected mosquitoes. Four lines of the Mauritania parasites have been stored frozen for further reference. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 3 BP 619 EP 621 DI 10.2307/3284734 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZU148 UT WOS:000074167100029 PM 9645868 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Colley, DG Dias, JCP Gontijo, ED Bahia-Oliveira, L Correa-Oliveira, R Powell, MR AF Morgan, J Colley, DG Dias, JCP Gontijo, ED Bahia-Oliveira, L Correa-Oliveira, R Powell, MR TI Analysis of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibody isotype specificities by western blot in sera from patients with different forms of Chagas' disease SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PROFILES; MICE AB Infection of humans with Trypanosoma cruzi leads to either a lifelong asymptomatic infection or to symptomatic presentations such as cardiomyopathy, mega-syndromes, or both. The reasons for the different clinical manifestations are not understood. We have previously studied a group of chronically infected individuals with different clinical forms of Chagas' disease and found that the levels of some anti-T. cruzi antibody isotypes, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, differed among patients with different clinical presentations. We have expanded these studies to examine the antigen specificity of these patients' IgG1, 2, 3, IgM, and IgA by western blot. We observed that binding of particular antigens by some antibody isotypes were more prevalent in some clinical groups as compared to others. For example, IgG3 from 13 of 19 (68%) individuals with digestive manifestations bound a 68-kDa antigen, but only 3 of 31 (9%) individuals with cardiac involvement detected this same moiety. We also found that, regardless of the clinical group, the profiles of antigens recognized by each antibody isotype differs dramatically from the profiles recognized by each other isotype. Together with our previous observations demonstrating that the levels of anti-parasite antibody isotypes correlates with the clinical form, these data suggest that overall anti-T. cruzi antibody reactivities may indeed be skewed toward different antigens in individuals with different clinical presentations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 3 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.2307/3284744 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZU148 UT WOS:000074167100039 PM 9645878 ER PT J AU Sattin, RW Rodriguez, JG DeVito, CA Wingo, PA AF Sattin, RW Rodriguez, JG DeVito, CA Wingo, PA CA Study Assess Falls Elderly Grp TI Home environmental hazards and the risk of fall injury events among community-dwelling older persons SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREVENTING FALLS; ELDERLY PERSONS; HIP FRACTURE; PEOPLE; PERSPECTIVE; EXERCISE; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE: To determine if home environmental hazards increase the risk of fall injury events among community-dwelling older persons. DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. SETTING: South Miami Beach, Florida. PARTICIPANTS: 270 persons aged 65 years and older who sought treatment at six area hospitals for injuries resulting from falls within the dwelling unit and 691 controls, frequency matched for sex and age, selected randomly from Health Care Financing Administration (Medicare) files. MAIN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: The home environment of each person, assessed directly by interviewers using a standardized instrument. RESULTS: Environmental hazards were present in nearly all dwelling units. After adjusting for important confounding factors, most of these hazards were not associated with an increased risk of fall injury events among most older persons. Increasing numbers of tripping hazards, or total hazards in the dwelling unit, did not increase the risk of fall injury events, nor was there an increasing trend it risk. CONCLUSIONS: Current fall-prevention strategies of finding and changing all environmental hazards in all community-dwelling older persons' homes may have less potential effect than previously thought. The usefulness of grab bars, however, appears to warrant further evaluation. C1 CDC, NCIPC, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Michael I Abrams Univ Miami, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Publ Hlth Trust Hlth Policy Res Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Vet Affairs Geriatr Res Educ Clin Ctr, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Sattin, RW (reprint author), CDC, NCIPC, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Mailstop K-58,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU400728] NR 37 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 6 BP 669 EP 676 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZT278 UT WOS:000074068500001 PM 9625180 ER PT J AU Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC AF Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC TI Simplification of adult mosquito bioassays through use of time-mortality determinations in glass bottles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE insecticide resistance; bioassay; mosquito; surveillance; Culicidae ID ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS MOSQUITOS; MICROPLATE ASSAY ANALYSIS; CARBAMATE RESISTANCE; PROTEIN MICROASSAY AB A simple method is described for treating 250-ml glass Wheaten bottles with insecticide, and using them as test chambers for detecting insecticide resistance in mosquito and sandfly populations. The methods for treating bottles, obtaining baseline data, and applying this technique to insects from the field are described. Sample data are presented from tests run on different vector species using a variety of insecticides. Time-mortality data from the bottle bioassay are presented alongside results from biochemical detection methods applied to the same mosquito population. The potential role, advantages, and limitations of the time-mortality bottle method are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 123 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 100RA UT WOS:000074828100006 PM 9673916 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Halabi, S Metayer, C AF Coughlin, SS Halabi, S Metayer, C TI Barriers to cardiac transplantation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: The Washington, DC, dilated cardiomyopathy study SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE blacks; cardiac transplantation; dilated cardiomyopathy; socioeconomic status ID BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES; HEART-TRANSPLANTATION; SELECTION; ACCESS; RACE; SEX AB Although cardiac transplantation offers prolonged survival and improved quality of life to patients with end-stage heart failure, many patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy do not undergo this procedure. Possible barriers to cardiac transplantation were examined among 138 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy from five hospitals in Washington, DC. Patients underwent follow-up For approximately 5 years. The patients or a close family member were interviewed at baseline about socioeconomic factors and medical history. The patients or their next-of-kin were recontacted at 1-year intervals to determine patients' vital status and to obtain information about cardiac transplantation. Overall, the cumulative survival at 12 and 60 months was 75.8% and 37.3%, respectively. Only 3.6% (5 of 138) of the patients underwent cardiac transplantation, and 19 (13.8%) patients had been placed on a waiting list for a heart transplant. Black race and nonmarried status were inversely associated with cardiac transplantation. Factors associated with not having been placed on a waiting list included older age, lower income, and lack of private health insurance. Black race was found to be significantly, but inversely associated with cardiac transplantation while older age was inversely associated with having been placed on a waiting list after adjusting For sex, race, education, and private insurance. These findings suggest that black patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy are less likely to undergo cardiac transplantation. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 90 IS 6 BP 342 EP 348 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZU122 UT WOS:000074164500002 PM 9640904 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ AF Jackson, RJ TI Habitat and health: The role of environmental factors in the health of urban populations SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Academy Sesquicentennial Symposium on Toward an Urban Health Agenda CY NOV 17-18, 1997 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP New York Acad Med HO NEW YORK ACAD MED C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop F29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 75 IS 2 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1007/BF02345094 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 104ZJ UT WOS:000075046900010 PM 9684238 ER PT J AU Kirschner-Hermanns, R Scherr, PA Branch, LG Wetle, T Resnick, NM AF Kirschner-Hermanns, R Scherr, PA Branch, LG Wetle, T Resnick, NM TI Accuracy of survey questions for geriatric urinary incontinence SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; urinary incontinence; aging; questionnaires; data collection ID ELDERLY WOMEN; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; FEMALE; DYSFUNCTION; PATIENT; SURGERY AB Purpose: Risk factors, natural history, consequences, therapeutic responses and costs are all likely related to type of urinary incontinence, for example stress or urge. Yet few epidemiologic type specific data are available and only 1 study has been validated urodynamically. We compare the accuracy of a typical questionnaire used in a large epidemiologic study with the criterion standard of multichannel video urodynamic testing. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was administered before urodynamic testing to 132 subjects 65 years old or older, of whom 80% were women, all were mobile and none was severely demented. Responses to questionnaire items were compared to the criterion standard, singly and in combination, using a total of 4 a priori and post hoc strategies, including a computerized regression tree program. Results: Overall, no analytic strategy correctly classified more than 67% of patients and none accurately classified even a single type of incontinence, including stress incontinence. Conclusions: Short questionnaires commonly used in epidemiologic studies correlated poorly with video urodynamic testing in incontinent older adults. Previously published information regarding prevalence of the types of incontinence should be reviewed in the light of these data. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Aging, Durham, NC USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kirschner-Hermanns, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Kirschner-Hermanns, Ruth/F-1025-2014 OI Kirschner-Hermanns, Ruth/0000-0001-6332-916X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG04390]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK49482] NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 159 IS 6 BP 1903 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63191-4 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA ZM868 UT WOS:000073584400033 PM 9598484 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Lal, RB Ikeda, RA AF Owen, SM Lal, RB Ikeda, RA TI Cloning and expression of a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 protein with reverse transcriptase activity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LYMPHOMA; GENES; PURIFICATION; POLYMERASE; ALIGNMENT; PROVIRUS; ISOLATE AB Unlike most other characterized retroviruses, there is little published information on the biochemical properties of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). Specifically, no reports of a cloned functional RT enzyme have been published. Since the RT enzyme is an essential component of the virus, our objective was to clone, express, and purify a functional RT enzyme from HTLV-1. Our approach was to clone and express a protein of approximately 60 to 65 kDa that we hypothesized would correspond to the RT region encoded by the pol reading frame. The predicted region encoding the RT enzyme comprised nucleotides 2617 to 4312 of the HTLV-1 MT-2 isolate. A putative RT gene was obtained by PCR and was ligated into various prokaryotic expression vectors. A novel cloning approach allowed us to generate a stable clone in the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 and produce a recombinant protein of approximately 60 to 65 kDa. The partially purified protein displays RT activity in both amplification RT (AMP-RT) assays and traditional RT assays. This is the first report of a cloned protein from HTLV-1 which displays RT activity and is the first step in the characterization of HTLV-1 RT. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ikeda, RA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rick.ikeda@chemistry.gatech.edu OI Ikeda, Richard/0000-0003-4015-5528 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 72 IS 6 BP 5279 EP 5284 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZM029 UT WOS:000073497600089 PM 9573305 ER PT J AU Greenberg, J Lifshay, R Van Devanter, N Gonzales, V Celentano, D AF Greenberg, J Lifshay, R Van Devanter, N Gonzales, V Celentano, D TI Preventing HIV infection: The effects of community linkages, time, and money on recruiting and retaining women in intervention groups SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB Few studies have addressed recruitment and retention of participants in preventive interventions directed at human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and these generally have not focused on women. In this study, part of the Women in Group Support (WINGS) project, we examine the experience of three sites in recruiting 444 high-risk women for a small group intervention to reduce risky sexual behavior. The intervention included six structured sessions, followed by a continuing series of client-focused, drop-in sessions. Incentives for participants included child care, food, and transportation tokens. Attendees at each structured session also received a cash incentive of $10-$20. Forty-six percent of the women were recruited from community sources, 35% from clinics, and 19% from drug programs. Across all recruitment sources, almost a third of the women reported having had a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, 88%-94% reported a risky male partner (who, they believed, had sex with other partners or with sex workers, was an injecting drug user, or was HIV positive), and 10%-36% reported trading sex for money or drugs. During 18 months of recruitment, each site averaged 34 screening interviews monthly to secure 8 eligible women a month who completed baseline interviews and reported for randomization. The average number of paid sessions attended by participants was five of six (83%). Average attendance at unpaid sessions was 1 of 12 (8%). Key facilitators to recruitment and retention included linkages with community agencies and monetary incentives. Our findings suggest that researchers and community service providers need to explore alternative strategies to paying women for attending group sessions (e.g., incorporating group interventions into existing program requirements) and balance these against the costs and recruitment effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Elect Data Syst Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Educ & Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Greenberg, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 5 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.587 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA ZW759 UT WOS:000074445500020 PM 9650160 ER PT J AU Reed, YM AF Reed, YM TI Take responsibility SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reed, YM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZT605 UT WOS:000074104600005 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Peterman, TA AF Aral, SO Peterman, TA TI Do we know the effectiveness of behavioural interventions? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIALS; AIDS-PREVENTION; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; BIAS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN PY 1998 VL 351 SU 3 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZV844 UT WOS:000074347300011 PM 9652720 ER PT J AU Franciosa, G Hatheway, CL Aureli, P AF Franciosa, G Hatheway, CL Aureli, P TI The detection of a deletion in the type B neurotoxin gene of Clostridium botulinum A(B) strains by a two-step PCR SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Differences between the type B neurotoxin gene sequence of Clostridium botulinum type A(B) and CI, botulinum type B, including a six nucleotide deletion, were recently proposed as a cause of the lack of expression of this gene in the type A toxigenic strains. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on two sets of primers was designed to investigate the absence of the 6-nucleotide sequence in the apparently unexpressed type B toxin gene of 42 strains of Cl. botulinum type A(B). Thirty-five strains were shown to exhibit a deletion in their type B toxin gene; two strains did not have the deletion and actually produced small amounts of type B toxin when tested by the mouse bioassay. This two-step PCR might be useful for the rapid determination of the presence of the sis nucleotide deletion and consequently, whether the type B toxin is likely to be produced. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Food Microbiol Lab, Dept Food, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Botulism Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aureli, P (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Lab Alimenti, Reparto Microbiol Alimenti, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI FRANCIOSA, GIOVANNA/C-7040-2015 OI FRANCIOSA, GIOVANNA/0000-0003-1520-4826 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 6 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 105EB UT WOS:000075058800012 PM 9717316 ER PT J AU Dimulescu, I Unger, ER Lee, DR Reeves, WC Vernon, SD AF Dimulescu, I Unger, ER Lee, DR Reeves, WC Vernon, SD TI Characterization of RNA in cytologic samples preserved in a methanol-based collection solution SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Assoc Molec Pathol DE PreservCyt; ribonucleic acid preservation ID GENE-EXPRESSION; THINPREP AB Background: ThinPrep is a fluid-based technique for collection and processing of cytologic specimens. The present study was designed to determine whether the collection solution preserved RNA for molecular analysis. Methods and Results: Cervical cancer cell lines and cord blood lymphocytes were used to test the efficacy of various protocols for fixation, storage, and extraction of RNA. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis. Preserved cells stored for 24 hours at room temperature or 4 degrees C had intact 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA. Both cellular and viral messenger RNAs were amplified from preserved samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral messenger RNA (mRNA) could be detected in a mixture of pre served cells containing 10% human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cells. RNA preservation in clinical samples was adequate for RT-PCR of cellular mRNA. Conclusions: Both experimental samples and clinical samples collected in the preservation media had intact total RNA. Amplification of both cellular and HPV mRNA was successful. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifto Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1084-8592 J9 MOL DIAGN JI Mol. Diagn. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 3 IS 2 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S1084-8592(98)80054-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZY535 UT WOS:000074631800002 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Holloway, BP Mazurek, GH Abaddi, S Jackson, LK Buzard, GS Crawford, JT AF Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Holloway, BP Mazurek, GH Abaddi, S Jackson, LK Buzard, GS Crawford, JT TI Comparison of two nonradioactive, single-strand conformation polymorphism electrophoretic methods for identification of rpoB mutations in rifampin-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE rifampin resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; single-strand conformation polymorphism electrophoresis ID GENOTYPIC DETECTION; GENE; SPECIMENS; ASSAY; PCR AB Background: Diverse mutations in an 81 bp region of the rpoB gene are found in similar to 95% of rifampin-resistant (RIP) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Various methods to detect these mutations have been evaluated for their usefulness as rapid screens for rifampin resistance, Methods and Results: Two nonradioactive variations of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) electrophoresis were optimized and evaluated for their ability to distinguish nine rpoB mutations present in a collection of 51 RIFr M. tuberculosis isolates. One of the methods used polymerase chain reaction products (128 bp) encompassing the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene, which were denatured in the presence of methyl mercury hydroxide, subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and detected by staining with ethidium bromide. For the second method, fluorogenically labeled primers were used to generate products that were electrophoresed in an ABI Model 310 Genetic Analyzer equipped with a 3% GeneScan Polymer Column (Applied Biosystems Inc; Foster City, CA). Mobility shifts for all nine mutations were clearly discernible from the wildtype pattern by methods when tested in blind analyses. When an additional 30 isolates were tested by both SSCF methods in a blinded fashion, correlations with RIF susceptibility testing were complete for susceptible and homogeneously resistant isolates. Among three isolates with heterogeneously resistant populations, however, two were correctly identified by fluorescent SSCP compared with one by the PAGE SSCP method. Subpopulations of the His(526)-->TYr rpoB mutant, which is frequently encountered among RIFr strains, could be detected using templates prepared from mixtures of broth cultures with a susceptible strain. Conclusions: SSCP electrophoresis is useful for rapid screening for RIF resistance in susceptible and fully resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis. However, conventional susceptibility testing is still necessary for two reasons: (1) <100% of RIFr strains have mutations in the 81 bp hotspot rpoB genomic region, and (2) SSCP may not offer sufficient sensitivity to detect clinically important emergent mutant subpopulations, especially those present as <10% of the total population in a sam pie. Whereas PAGE SSCP is less costly than fluorescent SSCP, the latter method is somewhat easier to perform and generates quantitative data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Xavier Univ, Coll Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, ESAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD USA. Suez Canal Univ, Sch Med, Ismailia, Egypt. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1084-8592 J9 MOL DIAGN JI Mol. Diagn. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 3 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S1084-8592(98)80055-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZY535 UT WOS:000074631800003 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Chapman, LE AF Heneine, W Chapman, LE TI Cross-species infection: No news is good news? Reply SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 645 EP 645 DI 10.1038/nm0698-645a PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZR733 UT WOS:000074008300006 ER PT J AU Williams-Johnson, M Olanow, CW AF Williams-Johnson, M Olanow, CW TI Manganese and human health - Part II: Session IV summary and research needs SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Williams-Johnson, M (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 481 EP 482 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZQ617 UT WOS:000073886000014 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS AF Schieve, LA Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS TI An empiric evaluation of the institute of medicine's pregnancy weight gain guidelines by race SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; RETENTION; MOTHERS; AGE AB Objective: To examine associations between pregnancy weight gain outside and within ranges recommended by the Institute of Medicine and birth weight by both prepregnant body mass index (BMI) and race-ethnicity. Methods: Mean birth weight and incidence of term low birth weight (LBW, less than 2500 g) and high birth weight (more than 4500 g) were compared across BMI-pregnancy weight gain-race-ethnicity strata. Subjects were 173,066 white, black, and Hispanic low-income pregnant women attending prenatal nutrition programs between 1990 and 1993. Results: Among low and average BMI women (all race-ethnicity groups), weight gain within Institute of Medicine ranges resulted in significant LEW reductions; further LEW reductions at gains beyond Institute of Medicine ranges were offset by increasing high birth weight risk. Among women of high and obese BMI, LEW trends were less pronounced; thus, the benefit of gaining within the Institute of Medicine range was less apparent. Although blacks in every BMI-weight gain category had lower mean birth weights than white women, gaining in the upper end of the Institute of Medicine ranges did not provide a consistent LEW reduction for black women; adjusted LEW odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for gains in the upper relative to the lower half of the Institute of Medicine range were 1.3 (0.8, 2.1), 0.7 (0.5, 1.03), 0.3 (0.2, 0.8), and 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) for black women of low, average, high, and obese BMI, respectively. Conclusion: Institute of Medicine pregnancy weight gain ranges recommended for low and average BMI women appear reasonable, but recommendations for high and obese BMI women require further evaluation. The recommendation that black women in all BMI groups strive for gains toward the upper ends of the ranges is not supported clearly by these data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 878 EP 884 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00106-9 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZQ323 UT WOS:000073847000002 PM 9610990 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Kieke, BA Brett, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Kieke, BA Brett, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB TI Visits to emergency departments for gynecologic disorders in the United States, 1992-1994 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AB Objective: To assess rates of visits to emergency departments for gynecologic disorders among women of reproductive age in the United States. Methods: Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1992-1994 were analyzed to determine rates of visits to emergency departments among women, ages 15-44 years. Average annual rates per 1000 women were calculated using age, race, and region-specific population estimates. Rate ratios were used to compare rates among subgroups. Results: Approximately 1.4 million gynecologic visits were made to emergency departments annually, for an average annual rate of 24.3 visits per 1000 women, ages 15-44 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.0, 26.6). The most frequent diagnoses were pelvic inflammatory disease (average annual rate 5.8, 95% CI 5.0, 6.6), lower genital tract infections including sexually transmitted diseases (average annual rate 5.7, 95% CI 4.8, 6.6), and menstrual disorders (average annual rate 2.9, 95% CI 2.3, 3.5). Nearly half of all gynecologic visits resulted in diagnoses of genital tract infections. Younger women (ages 15-24 years) were 2.3 (95% CI 2.0, 2.6) times as likely as older women (ages 25-44 years), and black women were 3.6 (95% CI 2.9, 4.3) times as likely as white women, to visit emergency departments for gynecologic disorders. Rate ratios for genital tract infections were 10-20 times higher for younger black women than for older, white women. Conclusion: Almost half of gynecologic visits to emergency departments were related to genital tract infections, which largely are preventable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00110-0 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZQ323 UT WOS:000073847000026 PM 9611014 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE AF Rodewald, LE TI Childhood vaccination successes, yes, but the job is not finished SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rodewald, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZW037 UT WOS:000074367300005 PM 9648167 ER PT J AU Humiston, S Atkinson, W AF Humiston, S Atkinson, W TI 1998 immunization schedule changes and clarifications SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Training & Educ Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Humiston, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Training & Educ Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 338 EP 348 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZW037 UT WOS:000074367300006 PM 9648168 ER PT J AU Linkins, RW Feikema, SM AF Linkins, RW Feikema, SM TI Immunization registries: The cornerstone of childhood immunization in the 21st century SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Syst Dev Branch, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Linkins, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Syst Dev Branch, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZW037 UT WOS:000074367300007 PM 9648169 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Szilagyi, PG Rodewald, LE AF Santoli, JM Szilagyi, PG Rodewald, LE TI Barriers to immunization and missed opportunities SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID WELL-CHILD CARE; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; POOR CHILDREN; VACCINATION STATUS; EMERGENCY; MEASLES; UNDERIMMUNIZATION; PEDIATRICIANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santoli, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 70 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 366 EP 374 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZW037 UT WOS:000074367300009 PM 9648171 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Freitas, BC Freitas, AD Freitas, D Sisler, CL Chan, DS Vincent, JM Person, DA Claybaugh, JR Wittler, RR Weisse, ME Regnery, RL Slater, LN AF Bass, JW Freitas, BC Freitas, AD Freitas, D Sisler, CL Chan, DS Vincent, JM Person, DA Claybaugh, JR Wittler, RR Weisse, ME Regnery, RL Slater, LN TI Prospective randomized double blind placebo-controlled evaluation of azithromycin for treatment of cat-scratch disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cat-scratch disease; Bartonella henselae; azithromycin ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Objective. To determine the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of patients with typical eat-scratch disease. Design. Prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting. Large military medical center and its referring clinics. Patients. Active duty military members and their dependents with laboratory-confirmed, clinically typical cat-scratch disease. Intervention Study participants assigned by randomization to treatment with oral azithromycin or placebo for 5 days. Outcome measures. Lymph node volume was calculated using three dimensional ultrasonography at entry and at weekly intervals. The ultrasonographer was blinded to the treatment groups. Endpoint evaluations were predetermined as time in days to 80% resolution of the initial total lymph node volume. Results. Demographic and clinical data showed that the azithromycin and placebo treatment groups were comparable at entry although the placebo group tended to be older. Eighty percent decrease of initial lymph node volume was documented in 7 of 14 azithromycin-treated patients compared with 1 of 15 placebo-treated controls during the first 30 days of observation (P = 0.026). After 30 days there was no significant difference in rate or degree of resolution between the two groups. Conclusions. Treatment of patients with typical cat-scratch disease with oral azithromycin for five days affords significant clinical benefit as measured by total decrease in lymph node volume within the first month of treatment. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Bass, JW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 13 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1097/00006454-199806000-00002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA ZU297 UT WOS:000074182600001 PM 9655532 ER PT J AU Stoll, BJ Schuchat, A AF Stoll, BJ Schuchat, A TI Maternal carriage of group B Streptococci in developing countries SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE group B Streptococcus; maternal colonization,; neonatal sepsis ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; NEONATAL ACQUISITION; VAGINAL COLONIZATION; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LABOR; PREVENTION; SEPTICEMIA; EXPERIENCE; PREVALENCE AB Background. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in many industrialized countries, but reports from the developing world infrequently identify this pathogen among newborns with sepsis, Studies of GBS colonization among women living in developing countries were reviewed to determine whether lower colonization rates might account for these findings. Methods. Literature was reviewed with the use of Medline Express (1980 to 1996) and Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics (1975 to 1995). The methods of each report were considered adequate if specimens were collected from the vagina and if selective broth media were used. Results. Thirty-four studies reported results of cultures from 7730 women; overall colonization was 12.7%. Among only those studies in which methods were adequate, 17.8% (675 of 3801) women were identified as colonized. Studies with adequate methods found significantly higher colonization rates (relative risk, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 2.6) than those using inadequate methods. When analysis was restricted to reports with adequate methods, the prevalence of colonization by region was as follows: Middle East/North Africa, 22%; Asia/Pacific, 19%; Sub-Saharan Africa, 19%; India/Pakistan, 12%; and Americas, 14%. Conclusion. Although there is significant geographic variation in the proportion of women colonized with GBS, the range of colonization reported from developing countries is similar to that identified in populations studied in the United States. Specimen collection and microbiologic methods are important factors in identification of women colonized with GBS. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat,Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stoll, BJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat,Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, 80 Butler St SE,Box 26015, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. NR 50 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1097/00006454-199806000-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA ZU297 UT WOS:000074182600012 PM 9655542 ER PT J AU Etzel, RA Balk, SJ Bearer, CF Miller, MD Shannon, MW Shea, KM Falk, H Goldman, LR Miller, RW Rogan, W Coven, B Harvey, B Simon, P AF Etzel, RA Balk, SJ Bearer, CF Miller, MD Shannon, MW Shea, KM Falk, H Goldman, LR Miller, RW Rogan, W Coven, B Harvey, B Simon, P CA Comm Environm Hlth TI Screening for elevated blood lead levels SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PORT-PIRIE COHORT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; INTELLIGENCE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Although recent data continue to demonstrate a decline in the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children, lead remains a common, preventable, environmental health threat. Because recent epidemiologic data have shown that lead exposure is still common in certain communities in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently issued new guidelines endorsing universal screening in areas with greater than or equal to 27% of housing built before 1950 and in populations in which the percentage of 1- and 2-year-olds with elevated BLLs is greater than or equal to 12%. For children living in other areas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends targeted screening based on risk-assessment during specified pediatric visits. In this statement, The American Academy of Pediatrics supports these new guidelines and provides an update on screening for elevated BLLs. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians continue to provide anticipatory guidance to parents in an effort to prevent lead exposure (primary prevention). Additionally, pediatricians should increase their efforts to screen children at risk for lead exposure to find those with elevated BLLs (secondary prevention). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Etzel, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; OI Miller, Mark/0000-0002-9301-0093 NR 48 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1078 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZR055 UT WOS:000073931100021 ER PT J AU Logan, P Branche, CM Sacks, JJ Ryan, G Peddicord, J AF Logan, P Branche, CM Sacks, JJ Ryan, G Peddicord, J TI Childhood drownings and fencing of outdoor pools in the United States, 1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adequate fencing; swimming pools; drowning; children ID COUNTY; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB Objectives. To determine the prevalence of proper fencing around outdoor swimming pools of proper fencing around outdoor swimming pools among US households and to describe this fencing in relation to demographic and other household factors, To estimate the number of drownings among children<5 years of age that might be prevented by having proper fencing around all residential pools in the United States. Methods. A 1994, randomly dialed national telephone survey contacted 5238 adults who reported demographic information and household characteristics including whether the household had an outdoor swimming pool and the fencing around the pool. Data were weighted to obtain national estimates and percentages. The number of preventable drownings was estimated with a papulation-attributable risk equation. Results. Approximately 18.5 million American households owned or had access to an outdoor swimming pool in 1994, and 76% (13.9 million) of them appeared to have had adequate fencing. Adequate fencing was associated with household income and type of home. We estimate that 19% of pool-related drownings among children<5 years of age in 1994 (88 drownings) might have been prevented if all residential pools in the United States were properly fenced. Conclusions. Adequate pool fencing prevents a child from having access to a swimming pool if a responsible adult is not present and has been promoted as a method to prevent drowning. Our research suggests that even if all residential pools in the United States were properly fenced, most drownings among children<5 years of age would not be prevented. Thus, additional strategies to prevent drowning will be needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Branche, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 6 BP art. no. EP e3 DI 10.1542/peds.101.6.e3 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZR055 UT WOS:000073931100034 PM 9606245 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Mendez, O Molina, O Luzardo, G Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS Cardozo, J AF Rodriguez, R Mendez, O Molina, O Luzardo, G Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS Cardozo, J TI Central Nervous System infection by free living amebas: Report of three new cases from Venezuela SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; Balamuthia; free living amebas; Meningoencephalitis; Naegleria ID BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; AGENT; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB Introduction. Infection of the Central Nervous System by free living amebas is an unusual event, 344 cases have been reported to date. The disease becomes evident in two different clinical fashions: Primary, Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri and Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) induced by Spp. of Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia Clinical cases. The authors report three new cases from Venezuela. Case 1. 34 years old man, with a chief complaint of general malaise, headache and fever; a diagnosis of common cold was made and the patient was treated as such, he did not improve and was admitted to the hospital with deterioration of his clinical status, the patient died IO clays after the onset of his illness which was determined to be GAE produced by Balamuthia mandrillaris. Case 2. 8 years old female admitted to the hospital because of fever, headache and generalized seizures of sudden onset; neurocysticercosis was diagnosed and following improvement the patient was discharged and readmitted on two occasions because of relapse anti worsening of her illness, she died 2 months after the onset of her disease that was diagnosed by autopsy as GAE due to Balamuthia mandrillaris. Case 3. 16 years old male, previously healthy, who following immersion ir? a water. tank was admitted to the hospital because of meningeal irritation that progressed to coma and death in a 7 day lapse; autopsy revealed PAM by Naegleria fowleri. The Two cases of GAE due to Balamuthia mandrillaris occurred in apparently immunocompetent individuals, contrary to the statement that these microorganisms are opportunistic. Conclusion. We believe that neurological infection by amphizoic amebas is being underdiagnosed, probably due to ignorance regarding this pathology or because of a very low autopsy rate in most countries [REV NEUROL 1998; 26: 1005-8]. C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Med, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. Univ Pittsburgh, Escuela Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0210-0010 J9 REV NEUROLOGIA JI Rev. Neurologia PD JUN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 154 BP 1005 EP 1008 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZW827 UT WOS:000074452300025 PM 9658480 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Black, CM Limpakarnjanarat, K Shaffer, N Yanpaisarn, S Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Young, NL Farshy, CE Mastro, TD St Louis, ME AF Kilmarx, PH Black, CM Limpakarnjanarat, K Shaffer, N Yanpaisarn, S Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Young, NL Farshy, CE Mastro, TD St Louis, ME TI Rapid assessment of sexually transmitted diseases in a sentinel population in Thailand: prevalence of chlamydial infection, gonorrhoea, and syphilis among pregnant women - 1996 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted disease surveillance; Thailand; pregnancy ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; URINE SPECIMENS; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; YOUNG MEN; TRACHOMATIS; DIAGNOSIS; DECLINE; IMPACT; AREA AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among pregnant women in Thailand, where case reporting suggests a marked decrease in STDs following a campaign promoting condom use during commercial sex. Design: Cross sectional study of women at their first visit to the study hospitals' antenatal clinics in Chiang Rai (n=500) and Bangkok (n=521). Methods: First catch urine specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using the Amplicor CT/NG polymerase chain reaction assay. Syphilis and HIV serological testing were performed in the study hospitals' laboratories. Results: The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 5.7%, gonorrhoea 0.2%, and syphilis 0.5% (all VDRL or RPR titres were a less than or equal to 1:4). The prevalence of HIV infection was 7.1% in Chiang Rai and 2.9% in Bangkok. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, chlamydial infection was associated with younger age and with higher gestational age at first antenatal clinic visit, but was not associated with marital status, gravidity, city of enrolment, or HIV infection status. Conclusions: There was a low prevalence of gonorrhoea and syphilis among these pregnant women in Thailand. Chlamydial infection was detected at a higher prevalence, especially among younger women and women registering later for antenatal care. Testing of pregnant women using easily collected urine specimens and a sensitive nucleic acid amplification assay is a feasible method of rapidly assessing chlamydial and gonococcal prevalence. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Aids, Std & Tb Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 3 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZZ916 UT WOS:000074782300006 PM 9849554 ER PT J AU Diallo, MO Ghys, PD Vuylsteke, B Ettiegne-Traore, V Gnaore, E Soroh, D Kadjo, JC Van Dyck, E De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE Laga, M AF Diallo, MO Ghys, PD Vuylsteke, B Ettiegne-Traore, V Gnaore, E Soroh, D Kadjo, JC Van Dyck, E De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE Laga, M TI Evaluation of simple diagnostic algorithms for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE diagnostic algorithms; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; female sex workers; Cote d'Ivoire ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; HIV-1; PROSTITUTES AB Objective: To generate simple algorithms for the diagnosis of cervical infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire and to evaluate their validity. Methods: From October 1992 to the end of June 1993, female sex workers were interviewed and clinically examined at a confidential clinic. N gonorrhoeae was cultured on modified Thayer-Martin medium and C trachomatis was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The associations of gonococcal or chlamydial cervical infection with sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical, and biological factors were assessed and three algorithms were generated. The validity parameters of these diagnostic algorithms were calculated and compared to those of standard algorithms and mass treatment. Results: Among 683 women, cervical infection was present in 239 (35%). The sensitivity of an algorithm incorporating sociodemographic and behavioural factors and symptoms, of an algorithm incorporating clinical signs and simple laboratory tests, and of a combined algorithm was 83%, 86%, and 79% respectively while the specificity was 32%, 44%, and 54%, and the positive predictive value 40%, 46%, and 48% respectively. A standard algorithm incorporating only the symptom vaginal discharge, and a standard algorithm requiring both the symptom vaginal discharge and the presence of an endocervical mucopurulent discharge on examination had a sensitivity of 44% and 18%, a specificity of 75% and 95%, and a positive predictive value of 49% and 67% respectively. Conclusions: The algorithms generated in this study may be useful for the control of cervical infections in female sex workers in resource poor settings in the absence of rapid, inexpensive, and accurate laboratory tests for the diagnosis of cervical infections. C1 Projet RETROCI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Comite Natl Lutte SIDA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghys, PD (reprint author), Projet RETROCI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 74 SU 1 BP S106 EP S111 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 102GU UT WOS:000074916700014 PM 10023359 ER PT J AU Htun, Y Morse, SA Dangor, Y Fehler, G Radebe, F Trees, DL Beck-Sague, CM Ballard, RC AF Htun, Y Morse, SA Dangor, Y Fehler, G Radebe, F Trees, DL Beck-Sague, CM Ballard, RC TI Comparison of clinically directed, disease specific, and syndromic protocols for the management of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE genital ulcer disease; Lesotho; clinically directed protocols; disease specific protocols; syndromic protocols ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV INFECTION; RISK FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; DURBAN; MEN; ACCURACY; HEALTH AB Objective: To evaluate two protocols for the syndromic management of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Lesotho, southern Africa and to compare the performance of these protocols with that of a conventional disease specific approach. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among consecutive patients with GUD attending an STD clinic in Maseru, Lesotho. The clinical diagnoses were made by using predefined criteria at the initial visit before the performance of laboratory tests. Attempts were made to detect the specific aetiology of the genital ulcers using PCR assays and syphilis serology. The results of PCR assays and syphilis serology were used as the gold standard against which the performance of the management approaches were applied. Results: Of 100 patients initially recruited into the study, Haemophilus ducreyi infection was detected in 56%, herpes simplex virus in 26%, Treponema pallidum in 23%, and lymphogranuloma venereum in 7%. No pathogens were detected in 6% of patients. 17% of patients had mixed infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the three management protocols for GUD were compared after applying each to the study population. Theoretically, the lowest correct treatment rate would have been obtained by using the disease specific protocol (62%) compared with more than 90% in both syndromic management protocols. Considerable overtreatment for primary syphilis would occur following application of both syndromic protocols. This would be the result of the overdiagnosis of chancroid, in particular the misdiagnosis of genital herpes as chancroid, which would receive treatment for syphilis unnecessarily. The HIV seroprevalence among these patients was 36%. A significantly higher rate of HIV seropositivity was detected among the patients with herpes simplex virus infection when compared with those patients having other causes of genital ulcer disease (58% v 27%; odds ratio 3.73; 95% CI 1.26-11.26; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Poor sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were recorded when the disease specific protocol was applied to the study population. In contrast, the syndromic management protocols provided adequate treatment for more than 90% of patients with GUD. Protocol C, which identified a minority of cases of genital herpes, was found to have an advantage when compared with protocol B (all patients with genital ulcer disease treated for both syphilis and chancroid) in that 29% of genital herpes cases would receive appropriate counselling. C1 S African Inst Med Res, Natl Reference Ctr Sexually Transmitted Dis, Sch Pathol, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Htun, Y (reprint author), S African Inst Med Res, Natl Reference Ctr Sexually Transmitted Dis, Sch Pathol, POB 1038, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 74 SU 1 BP S23 EP S28 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 102GU UT WOS:000074916700004 PM 10023349 ER PT J AU Ndoye, I Mboup, S De Schryver, A Van Dyck, E Moran, J Samb, ND Sakho, ML Thior, I Wade, A Heymann, DL Meheus, A AF Ndoye, I Mboup, S De Schryver, A Van Dyck, E Moran, J Samb, ND Sakho, ML Thior, I Wade, A Heymann, DL Meheus, A TI Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in female prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE STDs; infectious diseases; prostitutes; epidemiology ID DISEASES; WOMEN AB Objective: To study the validity and performance of a number of rapid indicators for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in female prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal; characteristics of these indicators were rapidly obtainable, easy to perform, accurate, useful at district level, and reasonable cost. Methods: An STI prevalence study in female prostitutes (n = 374) seen at the STD clinic in Dakar, Senegal was done; a history, clinical examination, simple laboratory tests, and "gold standard" microbiological tests were performed. For a number of sociodemographic data, actual or past symptoms of STI, clinical signs, and rapid laboratory tests, validity variables, performance characteristics, and likelihood ratios for detection of gonococcal or chlamydial cervical infection were determined. Results: Cervical infection (chlamydial or gonococcal) was present in 24.9% of prostitutes; 46% had trichomoniasis and 29.4% had syphilis. Young age, abnormal vaginal discharge, endocervical mucopus, a positive leucocyte esterase test on urine, and 10 or more leucocytes in Gram stained smears of vaginal, cervical, or urine samples were significantly associated with cervical STI. Some of the rapid indicators had high sensitivity, others high specificity but none had acceptable overall validity. None of the indicators had at the same time a sensitivity above 50% and a positive predictive value above twice the background prevalence of cervical infection. 10 or more leucocytes in the cervical smear had a likelihood ratio of 1.83 increasing pretest probability of 24.9% to post-test probability of 38%, the best result obtained by any of the rapid indicators. Conclusions: Rapid indicators of cervical STIs are insufficiently valid, which largely restricts their usefulness to high STI prevalence situations for instance, in prostitute populations and in STD patient management. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. STD & AIDS Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal. WHO, Programme AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meheus, A (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Univ Plein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RI De Schryver, Antoon/B-6128-2017 OI De Schryver, Antoon/0000-0001-7048-1979 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 74 SU 1 BP S112 EP S117 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 102GU UT WOS:000074916700015 PM 10023360 ER PT J AU Steen, R Soliman, C Mujyambwani, A Twagirakristu, JB Bucyana, S Grundmann, C Ngabonziza, M Moran, J AF Steen, R Soliman, C Mujyambwani, A Twagirakristu, JB Bucyana, S Grundmann, C Ngabonziza, M Moran, J TI Notes from the field: practical issues in upgrading STD services based on experience from primary healthcare facilities in two Rwandan towns SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE STD services; primary healthcare facilities; Rwanda ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; WOMEN; INFECTION; NAIROBI; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: In order to assess the feasibility of upgrading STD management at the primary healthcare level in Rwanda, a project was piloted in a health centre and a hospital dispensary in two up country towns. Methods: Nurses trained in syndrome based management treated all patients with genitourinary complaints at first visit without laboratory results. They provided condom demonstration and risk reduction advice, and gave coupons for partner referral. Principal findings and decisions were recorded on individual patient records. Partners presenting referral coupons were treated presumptively and their records linked to the index case. Results: Three quarters of symptomatic patients seen at the two primary healthcare facilities were women. With training and supervision, nurses applied the syndromic STD management guidelines correctly in over 90% of cases. Symptomatic treatment failure at first follow up visit varied from 0% for male urethritis to 27% for genital ulcer, the one condition that was not treated syndromically. Four fifths of women presenting with vaginal discharge had clinical signs of cervicitis, and the presence of cervical signs was 86% sensitive for presence of leucocytes on cervical Gram stain. Conclusions: With adequate post-training supervision, nurses were able to apply the syndromic STD management guidelines and a high degree of clinical improvement was achieved. Syndromic algorithms that recommend treatment for all common pathogens at the first visit had higher rates of symptomatic cure at follow up than the algorithm employing a sequential treatment approach. Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests a high prevalence of cervicitis in this population of women seeking care. C1 Family Hlth Int, AIDS Control & Prevent Project, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Family Hlth Int, AIDS Control & Prevent Project, Kigali, Rwanda. RP Steen, R (reprint author), RD 3 Box 3070, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 74 SU 1 BP S159 EP S165 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 102GU UT WOS:000074916700023 PM 10023368 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Silvera, DH AF Blumberg, SJ Silvera, DH TI Attributional complexity and cognitive development: A look at the motivational and cognitive requirements for attribution SO SOCIAL COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Psychol Soc ID CORRESPONDENCE BIAS; BEHAVIOR; SELF AB Past research supports a sequential model of person perception that begins with automatic categorization of the behavior and ends with effortful correction for situational constraints (Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1988). Assuming that logical reasoning skills and motivation may limit one's ability to process attributional information, the relationships between cognitive development, attributional complexity, and the correspondence bias were examined in a sample of undergraduate students(N = 222). As predicted, these individual differences influenced the degree of attributional error in unique ways. Participants at a pre-formal stage of cognitive development failed to correct fully for situational constraints, whereas attributionally simple participants erroneously categorized the behavior in the direction suggested by situational expectations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Tromso, Dept Psychol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 850, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM swb5@cdc.gov; davids@psyk.uit.no NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0278-016X J9 SOC COGNITION JI Soc. Cogn. PD SUM PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1521/soco.1998.16.2.253 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 113KJ UT WOS:000075549900003 ER PT J AU Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ Powell, KE O'Carroll, PW Lee, RK Frankowski, RF Swann, AC Bayer, TL Bautista, MH Briscoe, MG AF Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ Powell, KE O'Carroll, PW Lee, RK Frankowski, RF Swann, AC Bayer, TL Bautista, MH Briscoe, MG TI Identification of nearly fatal suicide attempts: Self-inflicted injury severity form SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; MEDICAL LETHALITY; FOLLOW-UP; ASCERTAINMENT; ADOLESCENTS; RELIABILITY; CHILDREN; INTENT; SCORE; SCALE AB The Self-Inflicted Injury Severity Form (SIISF) was developed as an epidemiological research tool for identifying individuals in hospital emergency departments who have Life-threatening self-inflicted injuries. Data were collected from 715 patients with self-inflicted injuries in two large hospitals. In 295 of these cases, a second set of data was independently collected for assessment of interrater reliability. Validity was assessed by comparing the SIISF results with simultaneously collected Risk-Rescue Ratings. Assessment of interrater reliability found that only 2.4% of physicians disagreed on the suicide method used. The kappa statistic for method used was .94, indicating excellent agreement. The SIISF was found to distinguish between severe and less severe injuries. Thus, it appears to provide a simple method to distinguish patients who have life-threatening self-inflicted injuries. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Nursing, Galveston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX USA. Battelle Survey Res Associates, St Louis, MO USA. RP Potter, LB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SUM PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 174 EP 186 PG 13 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 101HA UT WOS:000074862500006 PM 9674077 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Husten, C AF Zhang, P Husten, C TI Impact of the Tobacco Price Support Program on tobacco control in the United States SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cigarette consumption; Tobacco Price Support Program; United States ID CIGARETTE AB Objectives-To evaluate the impact of the United States Tobacco Price Support Program (TPSP) on domestic cigarette consumption and the potential political impact of the TPSP on efforts to reduce smoking. Data sources-Published studies known to the authors and a search of AGRICOLA from 1980 to 1996. Study selection-Studies published in a refereed journal or research reports published by an accredited university or institution. Data synthesis-The TPSP decreases cigarette use by increasing the price of cigarettes. The price increase resulting from the TPSP, however, is small-about one cent per pack. The resulting decrease in cigarette consumption is also very modest-an estimated 0.23%. However, the TPSP creates tobacco quota owners, who have a strong financial interest in opposing measures to reduce smoking. The TPSP also changes the political influence of tobacco farmers by keeping a large number of small farmers in tobacco production. Conclusions-The negative impact of the TPSP (opposition to tobacco control measures) is probably greater than the positive impact of the programme (reducing smoking). Therefore, the net impact of the TPSP on tobacco control efforts is likely to be negative. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford HWY NE,Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD SUM PY 1998 VL 7 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161TQ UT WOS:000078306000020 PM 9789937 ER PT J AU Shalala, DE AF Shalala, DE TI Tobacco use among US racial/ethnic minority groups - A report of the Surgeon General, 1998 Executive Summary SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH; RISK; ACCESS; RACE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD SUM PY 1998 VL 7 IS 2 BP 198 EP 209 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161TQ UT WOS:000078306000027 ER PT J AU Ashley, K AF Ashley, K TI Ultrasonic extraction of heavy metals from environmental and industrial hygiene samples for their subsequent determination SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ultrasonic extraction; heavy metals; environmental analysis; industrial hygiene ID SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION; LEAD AB Ultrasonic extraction (UE) is an effective method for the extraction of a number of heavy metals in environmental samples. in many cases, UE offers a means for quantitative recoveries of heavy metals, However, UE has been underutilized for sample preparation purposes in environmental analysis. Nevertheless, the use of UE for extraction of heavy metals in the industrial hygiene arena is increasing, with applications in the field as well as in the laboratory. In this article some examples of applications of UE to heavy metals extraction (for their subsequent determination) in environmental and industrial hygiene samples are presented. it is expected that the use of UE for sample preparation purposes in environmental analytical chemistry will become more widespread, owing to its simplicity, ease of use, speed, and enhanced safety when compared with other, more traditional sample preparation procedures. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JUN-JUL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(98)00018-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZX453 UT WOS:000074517600018 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Robertson, BH Bell, BP McCaustland, KA Evatt, BL AF Soucie, JM Robertson, BH Bell, BP McCaustland, KA Evatt, BL TI Hepatitis A virus infections associated with clotting factor concentrate in the United States SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-VIII CONCENTRATE; A VIRUS; HEMOPHILIA; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; DETERGENT; SOLVENT; SAFETY AB BACKGROUND: Two cases of hepatitis A among persons exposed to the same lot of solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor VIII concentrate were reported to a surveillance system. An investigation was conducted to find additional cases and determine the source of infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A seroprevalence study was conducted among persons with exposure to the suspect lot for serologic evidence of recent infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV). RESULTS: Six cases of recent HAV infection were discovered: four of the patients had been infused with material from the suspect lot of factor VIII, and two had received infusions of factor IX concentrate made from plasma pools common to the suspect factor VIII lot. HAV was identified in one of the plasma pools, in the factor VIII product, and in serum or stool from two factor VIII recipients and one factor IX recipient.The genetics sequence of the virus in the plasma pool, the factor VIII lot, and the factor VIII recipients were identical, while that of the virus in the factor IX recipient differed by a single base. CONCLUSION: These data document the transmission of HAV by a factor VIII concentrate and implicate factor IX products manufactured from a common source-plasma pool. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hemophilia Surveillance Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hemophilia Surveillance Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 6 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38698326337.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA ZX852 UT WOS:000074561900008 PM 9661691 ER PT J AU Coreil, J Mayard, G Louis-Charles, J Addiss, D AF Coreil, J Mayard, G Louis-Charles, J Addiss, D TI Filarial elephantiasis among Haitian women: social context and behavioural factors in treatment SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE filariasis; Haiti; women & social factors ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; TROPICAL DISEASES; GENDER AB Few studies have addressed the social and behavioural aspects of lymphatic filariasis. The research reported here investigated the ethnographic context of filarial elephantiasis among women in Leogane, Haiti, and focused on explanatory models of the illness, the impact of the disease on women's lives, and the difficulties patients experienced in following a therapeutic regimen provided at a local hospital. Qualitative data were collected through focus group and individual interviews and direst observation of patients enrolled in the treatment programme. Results indicate that traditional understanding and treatment for the disease are prevalent in the community, although biomedical explanations are gaining credence as a consequence of long-term filariasis control activities in this area. Women's lives are substantially burdened both socially and economically by the physical impairment of elephantiasis, most notably in the loss of income due to restrictions on mobility. The degree of social discrimination encountered varies by the timing of onset of symptoms in the life course. Difficulties encountered with the physical therapy regimen included maintenance of the compressive bandage and availability of suitable foot wear. Similarities between these findings and those reported for other parts of the world are noted. Recommendations from the study cite the need for community education and peer support activities to provide a knowledge base and support structure for current and future intervention programmes. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coreil, J (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 1998 VL 3 IS 6 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00238.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZW799 UT WOS:000074449500007 PM 9657509 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, DA de Marsily, G Gotway, CA Marietta, MG Axness, CL Beauheim, RL Bras, RL Carrera, J Dagan, G Davies, PB Gallegos, DP Galli, A Gomez-Hernandez, J Grindrod, P Gutjahr, AL Kitanidis, PK Lavenue, AM McLaughlin, D Neuman, SP RamaRao, BS Ravenne, C Rubin, Y AF Zimmerman, DA de Marsily, G Gotway, CA Marietta, MG Axness, CL Beauheim, RL Bras, RL Carrera, J Dagan, G Davies, PB Gallegos, DP Galli, A Gomez-Hernandez, J Grindrod, P Gutjahr, AL Kitanidis, PK Lavenue, AM McLaughlin, D Neuman, SP RamaRao, BS Ravenne, C Rubin, Y TI A comparison of seven geostatistically based inverse approaches to estimate transmissivities for modeling advective transport by groundwater flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS; PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION; PRIOR INFORMATION; STOCHASTIC IDENTIFICATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ASSESSING RELIABILITY; AQUIFER PARAMETERS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY AB This paper describes the first major attempt to compare seven different inverse approaches for identifying aquifer transmissivity. The ultimate objective was to determine which of several geostatistical inverse techniques is better suited for making probabilistic forecasts of the potential transport of solutes in an aquifer where spatial variability and uncertainty in hydrogeologic properties are significant. Seven geostatistical methods (fast Fourier transform (FF), fractal simulation (FS), linearized cokriging (LC), linearized semianalytical (LS), maximum likelihood (ML), pilot point (PP), and sequential self-calibration (SS)) were compared on four synthetic data sets. Each data set had specific features meeting (or not) classical assumptions about stationarity, amenability to a geostatistical description, etc. The comparison of the outcome of the methods is based on the prediction of travel times and travel paths taken by conservative solutes migrating in the aquifer for a distance of 5 km. Four of the methods, LS, ML, PP, and SS, were identified as being approximately equivalent for the specific problems considered. The magnitude of the variance of the transmissivity fields, which went as high as 10 times the generally accepted range for linearized approaches, was not a problem for the linearized methods when applied to stationary fields; that is, their inverse solutions and travel time predictions were as accurate as those of the nonlinear methods. Nonstationarity of the "true" transmissivity field, or the presence of "anomalies" such as high-permeability fracture zones was, however, more of a problem for the linearized methods. The importance of the proper selection of the semivariogram of the log(10) (T) field (or the ability of the method to optimize this variogram iteratively) was found to have a significant impact on the accuracy and precision of the travel time predictions. Use of additional transient information from pumping tests did not result in major changes in the outcome. While the methods differ in their underlying theory, and the codes developed to implement the theories were limited to varying degrees, the most important factor for achieving a successful solution was the time and experience devoted by the user of the method. C1 GRAM Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Civil Engn, Water Resources & Environm Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Politecn Cataluna, ETSI Caminos, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Fluid Mech & Heat Transfer, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Paris 06, Lab Geol Appl, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Ecole Mines, Ctr Geostat, F-77035 Fontainebleau, France. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Medio Ambiente, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Quantisci Ltd, Henley On Thames RG9 1AT, Oxon, England. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Math, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Terman Engn Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Engn & Serv Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Coll Engn & Mines, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Francais Petr, F-92506 Rueil Malmaison, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. GRAM Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Zimmerman, DA (reprint author), GRAM Inc, 8500 Menaul Blvd NE,B-335, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. EM tonyz@graminc.com; gdm@ccr.jussieu.fr; cdg7@cdc.gov; mgmarie@sandia.gov; daxness@etseccpb.upc.es; rlbeauh@sandia.gov; rlbras@storm.mit.edu; carrera@etseccpb.upc.es; dagan@eng.tau.ac.il; dpgalle@sandia.gov; jaime@dihma.upv.es; peterg@quantisci.co.uk; agutjahr@nmt.edu; pkk@cive.stanford.edu; amlavenu@duke-energy.com; dennism@mit.edu; neuman@hwr.arizona.edu; bsramara@duke-energy.com; rubin@arimor.ce.berkeley.edu RI Carrera, Jesus/E-7251-2011; Gomez-Hernandez, J. Jaime/J-6315-2013 OI Gomez-Hernandez, J. Jaime/0000-0002-0720-2196 NR 76 TC 189 Z9 190 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1413 DI 10.1029/98WR00003 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ZQ933 UT WOS:000073917600002 ER PT J CA CDC TI Fatal occupational injuries - United States, 1980-1994 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 297-302, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1600 EP 1601 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Surveillance for nonfatal occupational injuries treated in hospital emergency departments - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 302-306, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Safety Res, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1601 EP 1602 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600011 ER PT J AU Owen, P Bender, B Steiner, B Perry, M Meriwether, R Arbuthnot, P Boeselager, G Passaro, K Hann, N Redman, L Bland, S AF Owen, P Bender, B Steiner, B Perry, M Meriwether, R Arbuthnot, P Boeselager, G Passaro, K Hann, N Redman, L Bland, S TI Demographic characteristics of persons without a regular source of medical care - Selected states, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 277-279, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ACCESS C1 TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA 30301 USA. CDC, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owen, P (reprint author), TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA 30301 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1603 EP 1603 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600012 ER PT J AU Kogan, MD Martin, JA Alexander, GR Kotelchuck, M Ventura, SJ Frigoletto, FD AF Kogan, MD Martin, JA Alexander, GR Kotelchuck, M Ventura, SJ Frigoletto, FD TI The changing pattern of prenatal care utilization in the United States, 1981-1995, using different prenatal care indices SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PREGNANCY; MEDICAID; HEALTH; ADEQUACY; INDEXES; ULTRASOUND; LITIGATION; EXPANSION AB Context.-Two measures traditionally used to examine adequacy of prenatal care indicate that prenatal care utilization remained unchanged through the 1980s and only began to rise slightly in the 1990s. In recent years, new measures have been developed that include a category for women who receive more than the recommended amount of care (intensive utilization). Objective.-To compare the older and newer indices in the monitoring of prenatal care trends in the United States from 1981 to 1995, for the overall population and for selected subpopulations. Second, to examine factors associated with receiving intensive utilization. Design.-Cross-sectional and trend analysis of national birth records. Setting.-The United States. Subjects.-All live births between 1981 and 1995 (N=54 million). Main Outcome Measures.-Trends in prenatal care utilization, according to 4 indices (the older indices: the Institute of Medicine Index and the trimester that care began, and the newer indices: the R-GINDEX and the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of intensive prenatal care use in 1981 and 1995. Results.-The newer indices showed a steadily increasing trend toward more prenatal care use throughout the study period (R-GINDEX, intensive or adequate use, 32.7% in 1981 to 47.1% in 1995; the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index, intensive use, 18.4% in 1981 to 28.8% in 1995), especially for intensive utilization. Women having a multiple birth were much more likely to have had intensive utilization in 1995 compared with 1981 (R-GINDEX, 22.8% vs 8.5%). Teenagers were more likely to begin care later than adults, but similar proportions of teens and adults had intensive utilization. Intensive use among low-risk women also increased steadily each year. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of receiving intensive use in 1981 and 1995 were having a multiple birth, primiparity, being married, and maternal age of 35 years or older. Conclusions.-The proportion of women who began care early and received at least the recommended number of visits increased between 1981 and 1995. This change was undetected by more traditional prenatal care indices. These increases have cost and practice implications and suggest a paradox since previous studies have shown that rates of preterm delivery and low birth weight did not improve during this time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Obstet, Boston, MA USA. RP Kogan, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 56 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1623 EP 1628 DI 10.1001/jama.279.20.1623 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600031 PM 9613911 ER PT J AU Marshall, SW Runyan, CW Bangdiwala, SI Linzer, MA Sacks, JJ Butts, JD AF Marshall, SW Runyan, CW Bangdiwala, SI Linzer, MA Sacks, JJ Butts, JD TI Fatal residential fires - Who dies and who survives? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; POPULATION; PREVENTION; ALCOHOL; DEATHS AB Context.-The United States has one of the highest fire fatality rates in the developed world, and three quarters of these deaths are in residential fires. Objective.-To compare characteristics of those who die and those who survive in the same residential fire. Design.-Data on fatal residential fires were collected from the medical examiner and interviews with local fire officials. Setting.-North Carolina. Subjects.-Persons in residential fires with at least 1 fatality in a 1-year period. Main Outcome Measure.-Dying vs surviving a fatal residential fire that occurred with more than 1 person at home. Results.-Of the 190 decedents, 124 (65%) were male, 78 (41%) were home alone, and 69 (53%) of 130 adults who had blood alcohol measured were intoxicated (blood alcohol content >22 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]). Of the 254 persons present during fires in which more than 1 person was at home, 112 died. Individuals more likely to die thigh-vulnerability group) were younger than 5 years or 64 years or older, had a physical or cognitive disability, or were impaired by alcohol or other drugs (risk of death for group, odds ratio [OR], 4.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-7.03). The presence of an adult with no physical or cognitive disabilities who was unimpaired by alcohol or other drugs (a potential rescuer) reduced the risk of death in the high-vulnerability group (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.99) but not the low-vulnerability group. Overall, a functioning smoke detector lowered the risk of death (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.83). Conclusions.-Smoke detectors were equally effective in both low-and high-vulnerability populations. The high-vulnerability group was more likely to survive if, in addition to a smoke detector, a potential rescuer was present. Further research should seek to identify prompts that facilitate speedy egress from a burning structure and that can be incorporated into residential fire alarm systems. C1 Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Carolina Off Chief Med Examiner, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Marshall, SW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, 204 Chase Hall,CB7505, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM smarshall@unc.edu OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR402444] NR 24 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1633 EP 1637 DI 10.1001/jama.279.20.1633 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600033 PM 9613913 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Delbanco, TL Parker AF Peterson, HB Delbanco, TL Parker TI A 40-year-old woman considering contraception SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; UNITED-STATES MEN; PROSTATE-CANCER; TUBAL-STERILIZATION; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICES; OVARIAN-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; VASECTOMY; USERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Care of Hartman EE, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, 330 Brookline Ave,LY318, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 20 BP 1651 EP 1658 DI 10.1001/jama.279.20.1651 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP489 UT WOS:000073758600036 PM 9613916 ER PT J AU Luo, CC Downing, RG Dela Torre, N Baggs, J Hu, DJ Respess, RA Candal, D Carr, L George, JR Dondero, TJ Biryahwaho, B Rayfield, MA AF Luo, CC Downing, RG Dela Torre, N Baggs, J Hu, DJ Respess, RA Candal, D Carr, L George, JR Dondero, TJ Biryahwaho, B Rayfield, MA TI The development and evaluation of a probe hybridization method for subtyping HIV type 1 infection in uganda SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; THAILAND; DNA AB We developed a method for large-scale screening of HIV-1 genotypic variation based on DNA probe hybridization, Nested PCR amplifications were performed to generate fragments in the env C2-V3 region and also in the gp41 region, which encompasses the immunodominant domain. The proviral DNA sequences were derived from 68 samples and phylogenetically analyzed, For comparison, the C2-V3 fragment was used in DNA probe hybridization to rapidly determine the infecting HIV subtype, The hybridizing probes were designed on the basis of the two most prevalent subtypes in Uganda, A and D, The results were compared to evaluate the feasibility of using this hybridization method for large-scale genotypic screening. Sequence analysis of the 68 amplified PCR fragments showed that 39 were subtype A and 29 were subtype D, The results of DNA hybridization to the amplified products with A and D subtype-specific probes were more than 90% concordant with the subtypes determined by sequence analysis. Our findings suggest that probe hybridization with subtype-specific probes is effective for large-scale screening of HIV-infected populations. Application of this method will significantly reduce the time needed for large, population-based investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. EDS, Plano, TX 75024 USA. RP Luo, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CXL1@CDC.GOV OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY 20 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 8 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.691 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZP671 UT WOS:000073776800007 PM 9618081 ER PT J CA CDC TI Tuberculosis morbidity - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 253-257, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 19 BP 1515 EP 1516 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZN087 UT WOS:000073608100009 ER PT J AU Hay, A Schild, G Wood, J Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Canas, L Guo, Y AF Hay, A Schild, G Wood, J Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Canas, L Guo, Y TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, 1997-98 season, and composition of the 1998-99 influenza vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 280-284, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, S Mimms, Herts, England. Commonwealth Serum Labs, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Armstrong Lab, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX USA. WHO, Natl Influenza Ctr, Div Emerg & Other Communic Dis Surveill & Contr, Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Ctr Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. US FDA, Div Virol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res,Influenza Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hay, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 19 BP 1516 EP 1517 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZN087 UT WOS:000073608100010 ER PT J AU Lagos, R Valenzuela, MT Levine, OS Losonsky, GA Erazo, A Wasserman, SS Levine, MM AF Lagos, R Valenzuela, MT Levine, OS Losonsky, GA Erazo, A Wasserman, SS Levine, MM TI Economisation of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b: a randomised trial of immunoaffinity of fractional-dose and two-dose regimens SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; NEONATAL IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SERUM ANTIBODIES; BINDING ASSAY; INFANTS; VACCINES; DIPHTHERIA; SANTIAGO AB Background. The cost of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines has limited their use in non-industrialised countries. To identify more economical vaccination schedules, we carried out a randomised trial of the immunogenicity of alternative regimens to the standard three-dose series. Methods. 627 Chilean infants were randomly allocated to one of four regimens with either Hib polysaccharide-tetanus toroid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) or Hib oligosaccharide-diphtheria mutant toroid conjugate vaccine (PRP-CRM197), for a total of eight groups. All infants receive diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. The regimens included three full doses, three fractional doses consisting of one half or one third of the full dose, and a regimen of two full doses (at age 4 and 6 months). The primary outcome was the proportion of infants with serum anti-polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP, the type b capsular polysaccharide) concentrations of 0.15 mu g/mL or more at age 8 months. Findings 93% (95% CI 85-98) of infants vaccinated with three full doses of PRP-T or PRP-CRM197 (95% CI 84-98) achieved anti-PRP concentrations of 0.15 mu g/mL or more at age 8 months, compared with 91% (83-96) to 100% (95-100) of infants immunised with any fractional-dose regimen. Of the infants vaccinated with two doses of PRP-T or PRP-CRM197, 99% (93-100) and 87% (77-93) developed anti-PRP concentrations of 0.15 mu g/mL or more, respectively. Interpretation. 91% (83-96) to 100% (95-100) of infants immunised with one-half or one-third of a full dose of Hib conjugate developed protective antibody concentrations. Carrier priming with DTP may make two-dose schedules an option in some places. These alternative regimens could bring the cost of Hib vaccines within reach of countries that currently cannot afford them. C1 Serv Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile. CVD, Chile Hosp Roberto Del Rio Avendla Zanartu 1085, Independencia Santiago, Chile. Minist Salud, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lagos, R (reprint author), Serv Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile. FU NIAID NIH HHS [UO1-AI35948] NR 28 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 16 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9114 BP 1472 EP 1476 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07456-4 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZP017 UT WOS:000073707300009 PM 9605803 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Sempos, CT AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Sempos, CT TI Baseline serum total cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence in African-American women (The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; BLACK POPULATIONS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARTERY DISEASE; WHITE MEN; MORTALITY AB Proportional-hazards analyses for African-American women aged 25 to 74 revealed a variable association of coronary heart disease risk with baseline serum total cholesterol (after adjusting for age fifth vs first quintile: RR = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 to 2.98, p = 0.12; after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, low education, and low family income: RR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.45, p = 0.04). Perhaps due to the relatively small number of events, the association of serum total cholesterol with coronary heart disease incidence in African-American women was not consistently significant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1246 EP + DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00122-2 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZN230 UT WOS:000073622900023 PM 9604962 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Sieber, K Etzel, RA Pechacek, T Maurer, K AF Steenland, K Sieber, K Etzel, RA Pechacek, T Maurer, K TI Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among never smokers in the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; cotinine; environmental pollution, tobacco smoke; heart diseases; lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol; risk factors ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; PASSIVE SMOKING; NONSMOKERS; CAROTENE; CANCER; MEN AB The relative risk of coronary artery disease among never smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (FTS) versus never smokers not exposed to ETS is approximately 1,2 based on more than a dozen epidemiologic studies. Most of these studies have controlled for the major heart disease risk factors, but residual or uncontrolled confounding remains a possible explanation for the epidemiologic findings. The authors studied 3,338 never-smoking adults aged 17 years or older, who are representative of all US never smokers, in the 1988-1991 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to determine whether selected risk factors for heart disease differ between ETS-exposed and -nonexposed persons. Both self-reported ETS exposure (at home and at work) and serum cotinine levels were available, the latter reflecting recent ETS exposure. After adjustments were made for age, sex, race, and education among adults aged 17 years or older, no significant differences were found between the ETS exposed and the nonexposed for any of 13 cardiovascular risk factors with the exception of dietary carotene, which was lower among the exposed, On the other hand, significant positive linear trends were found between serum cotinine and two risk factors (body mass index and alcohol consumption), and significant inverse trends were found with dietary carotene. There were also few differences between exposed and nonexposed never smokers among adults aged 40 years or older, who are most at risk of heart disease, In this group, however, there was an inverse linear trend between serum cotinine and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), This finding could result from ETS exposure rather than be an indication of confounding; a similar inverse trend was found for children, confirming other results in the literature, Overall, these data suggest little potential for confounding by the heart disease risk factors studied here when ETS exposure is determined by self-report. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 10 BP 932 EP 939 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZM905 UT WOS:000073588100005 PM 9596471 ER PT J AU Bergmann, MM Byers, T Freedman, DS Mokdad, A AF Bergmann, MM Byers, T Freedman, DS Mokdad, A TI Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: A comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic disease; epidemiologic methods; hospital records; prospective studies; questionnaires; reproducibility of results ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; MEDICAL RECORDS; QUESTIONNAIRE; INFORMATION; ACCURACY; RECALL; VALIDATION; DISEASE; WOMEN AB The authors compared interview reports with hospitalization records of participants in a nationally representative survey to determine the accuracy of self-reports of ischemic heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, ulcers, cataract, hip fracture, colon polyps, and cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, and lung. The study cohort consisted of 10,523 participants from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1971-1975 who were aged 25-74 years at the baseline examination and who completed a follow-up interview in 1982-1984, Self-reports of hospitalization for breast cancer were confirmed as accurate for 100% of cases where a hospital record was available. Self-report accuracy was also high for ischemic heart disease (84%), cataract (83%), and hip fracture (81%); it was moderate for lung cancer (78%), prostate cancer (75%), gallbladder disease (74%), colon cancer (71%), and stroke (67%); but it was low for ulcers (54%) and colon polyps (32%). Some of the self-reports of ulcers (20%), hip fracture (9%), ischemic heart disease (7%), and stroke (7%) were found to reflect diagnoses of other conditions of anatomic proximity. Accuracy of self-reports improved with higher levels of education, but was not generally related to age, gender, race, alcohol use, or smoking. The results suggest that self-reports of some diseases can be taken as accurate, but self-reports of other conditions might require medical record verification in epidemiologic follow-up studies. C1 German Inst Human Nutr, Potsdam, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bergmann, MM (reprint author), German Inst Human Nutr, Potsdam, Germany. NR 21 TC 219 Z9 219 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 10 BP 969 EP 977 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZM905 UT WOS:000073588100009 PM 9596475 ER PT J AU Garcia, GE Wirtz, RA Barr, JR Woolfitt, A Rosenberg, R AF Garcia, GE Wirtz, RA Barr, JR Woolfitt, A Rosenberg, R TI Xanthurenic acid induces gametogenesis in Plasmodium, the malaria parasite SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GALLINACEUM AB A small, heat stable chromophore extracted from mosquitoes has recently been implicated as the signal that induces mating of Plasmodium, the malaria parasite. We have used high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry to determine that this gamete activation factor (GAF) has a m/z = 205.0450, suggesting a molecular species composition of C10H7NO4. Xanthurenic acid (XA), a product of tryptophan catabolism, was determined to have an elemental composition, ultraviolet absorbance maxima, and mass spectrum consistent with those characteristics of GAF. XA activated gametogenesis of Plasmodium gallinaceum and P. falciparum in vitro at concentrations lower than 0.5 mu M in saline buffered to pH 7.4. A structural analog of XA, kynurenic acid (C10H6NO3), also activated gametogenesis but only at higher concentrations and with less effect. We propose that XA is GAF, This is the first evidence that XA has induction activity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 20 BP 12003 EP 12005 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZN277 UT WOS:000073629800005 PM 9575140 ER PT J AU Frenkel, LM Mullins, JI Learn, GH Manns-Arcuino, L Herring, BL Kalish, ML Steketee, RW Thea, DM Nichols, JE Liu, SL Harmache, A He, X Muthui, D Madan, A Hood, L Haase, AT Zupancic, M Staskus, K Wolinsky, S Krogstad, P Zhao, JQ Chen, I Koup, R Ho, D Korber, B Apple, RJ Coombs, RW Pahwa, S Roberts, NJ AF Frenkel, LM Mullins, JI Learn, GH Manns-Arcuino, L Herring, BL Kalish, ML Steketee, RW Thea, DM Nichols, JE Liu, SL Harmache, A He, X Muthui, D Madan, A Hood, L Haase, AT Zupancic, M Staskus, K Wolinsky, S Krogstad, P Zhao, JQ Chen, I Koup, R Ho, D Korber, B Apple, RJ Coombs, RW Pahwa, S Roberts, NJ TI Genetic evaluation of suspected cases of transient HIV-1 infection of infants SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; ZIDOVUDINE; RESISTANCE; CLEARANCE; CHILDREN; AIDS AB Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc New York City, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Med & Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med & Microbiol & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Roche Mol Diagnost, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. NYU, N Shore Hosp, Dept Pediat, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. RP Frenkel, LM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, 4800 Sand Point Way NE,Box 329500, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; apple, raymond/I-4506-2012; Learn, Gerald/B-6934-2011; HARMACHE, ABDALLAH/E-7274-2011; Herring, Belinda/M-7252-2015; Liu, Shan-Lu/L-5923-2016; OI apple, raymond/0000-0002-8007-0345; Liu, Shan-Lu/0000-0003-1620-3817; Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32910, AI27757]; PHS HHS [UO1-27658] NR 22 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5366 BP 1073 EP 1077 DI 10.1126/science.280.5366.1073 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZN615 UT WOS:000073663600046 PM 9582120 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI Bias in the evaluation of DNA-amplification tests for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis by A. Hadgu, Statistics in Medicine, 16, 1391-1399 (1997) - Reply SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1065 EP 1066 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA ZL763 UT WOS:000073469000012 ER PT J AU Johnston, RB Staples, DA AF Johnston, RB Staples, DA TI Use of folic acid-containing supplements among women of childbearing age - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 131-134, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PERICONCEPTIONAL MULTIVITAMIN USE; DEFECTS C1 March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. CDC, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnston, RB (reprint author), March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, 1275 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 18 BP 1430 EP 1430 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL718 UT WOS:000073463500012 ER PT J AU Wetterhall, SF Coulombier, DM Herndon, JM Zaza, S Cantwell, JD AF Wetterhall, SF Coulombier, DM Herndon, JM Zaza, S Cantwell, JD CA Ctrs Dis Control Prevention Olympics Surveilan TI Medical care delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE AB Context.-Mass gatherings like the 1996 Olympic Games require medical services for large populations assembled under unusual circumstances. Objective.-To examine delivery of medical services and to provide data for planning future events. Design.-ObservationaI cohort study, with review of medical records at Olympics medical facilities. Setting.-One large multipurpose clinic and 128 medical aid stations operating at Olympics-sponsored sites in the vicinity of Atlanta, Ga. Participants.-A total of 10 715 patients, including 1804 athletes, 890 officials, 480 Olympic dignitaries, 3280 volunteers, 3482 spectators, and 779 others who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic medical station. Main Outcome Measures.-Number of injuries and cases of heat-related illness among participant categories, medical use rates among participants with official Games credentials, and use rates per 10 000 persons attending athletic competitions. Results.-Injuries, accounting for 35% of all medical visits, were more common among athletes (51.9% of their visits, P < .001) than among other groups. Injuries accounted for 31.4% of all other groups combined. Spectators and volunteers accounted for most (88.9%, P < .001) of the 1059 visits for heat-related illness. The rates for number of medical encounters treated by a physician were highest for athletes (16.2 per 100 persons, P < .001) and lowest for volunteers (2.0 per 100). Overall physician treatment rate was 4.2 per 10 000 in attendance (range, 1.6-30.1 per 10 000). A total of 432 patients were transferred to hospitals. Conclusions.-Organizers used these data during the Games to monitor the health of participants and to redirect medical and other resources to areas of increased need. These data should be useful for planning medical services for future mass gatherings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Reseau Natl Sante Publ, Unite Syst Informat & Commun, St Maurice, France. RP Wetterhall, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, MS D-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 18 BP 1463 EP 1468 DI 10.1001/jama.279.18.1463 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL718 UT WOS:000073463500036 PM 9600481 ER PT J AU Meehan, P Toomey, KE Drinnon, J Cunningham, S Anderson, N Baker, E AF Meehan, P Toomey, KE Drinnon, J Cunningham, S Anderson, N Baker, E TI Public health response for the 1996 Olympic Games SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Extensive planning and preparation by public health agencies were required for the provision of public health services during the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games, which brought together more than 10 000 athletes from 197 countries and more than 2 million visitors. Public health activities included the develop ment and use of an augmented surveillance system to monitor health conditions and detect disease outbreaks; creation and implementation of 6 environmental health regulations; establishment of a central Public Health Command Center and response teams to coordinate response to public health emergencies; planning for potential mass casualties and the provision of emergency medical services; implementation of strategies for the prevention of heat-related illness; and distribution of health promotion and disease prevention information. Public health agencies should take the lead in organizing and implementing a system for preventing and managing public health issues at future large-scale public events such as the Olympics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meehan, P (reprint author), POB 897, Lawrenceville, GA 30246 USA. EM pmj@ph.dhr.state.ga.us NR 14 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 18 BP 1469 EP 1473 DI 10.1001/jama.279.18.1469 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL718 UT WOS:000073463500037 PM 9600482 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Visser, M Davidovic, LS Maggi, S Li, GH Harris, TB AF Langlois, JA Visser, M Davidovic, LS Maggi, S Li, GH Harris, TB TI Hip fracture risk in older white men is associated with change in body weight from age 50 years to old age SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY MEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GROWTH-HORMONE; OBESE MALES; MASS INDEX; US ADULTS AB Background: Change in body weight is a potentially modifiable risk factor for hip fracture in older women but, to our knowledge, its relationship to risk in older men has not been reported previously. Objective: To investigate the effects of weight loss and weight gain from age SO years to old age on the risk of hip fracture among elderly men. Methods: The association between weight change and risk of hip fracture was studied in a cohort of 2413 community-dwelling white men aged 67 years or older from 3 sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. Results: The older men in this study, observed for a total of 13 620 person-years during the 8 years of followup, experienced 72 hip fractures, yielding an overall incidence rate of 5.3 per 1000 person-years. Extreme weight loss (greater than or equal to 10%) beginning at age 50 years was associated in a proportional hazards model with increased risk of hip fracture (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 3.3). Weight loss of 10% or more was associated with several indicators of poor health, including physical disability, low mental status score, and low physical activity (P<.05). Weight gain of 10% or more beginning at age 50 years provided borderline protection against the risk of hip fracture (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-1.00). Conclusions: Despite differences between older men and women in the incidence of and risk factors for hip fracture, weight history is also an important determinant of the risk of hip fracture among older men. Weight loss of 10% or more beginning at age 50 years increases the risk of hip fracture in older white men; weight gain of 10% or more decreases the risk of hip fracture. The relationship between extreme weight loss and poor health suggests that weight loss is a marker of frailty that may increase the risk of hip fracture in older men. Physicians should include weight history in their assessment of the risk of hip fracture among older men. C1 NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Med Interna, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil Res & Disabil Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS-F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 66 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 11 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 9 BP 990 EP 996 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.9.990 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL888 UT WOS:000073483600007 PM 9588432 ER PT J AU Pliner, V Weedon, J Thomas, PA Steketee, RW Abrams, EJ Lambert, G Greenberg, B Bamji, M Thea, DM Matheson, PB AF Pliner, V Weedon, J Thomas, PA Steketee, RW Abrams, EJ Lambert, G Greenberg, B Bamji, M Thea, DM Matheson, PB CA New York City Perinatal HIV Transmission Colla TI Incubation period of HIV-1 in perinatally infected children SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV-1; pediatrics; disease progression; incubation period; latency; models/projections; survival analysis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; PEDIATRIC AIDS; ACQUIRED AIDS; INFANTS BORN; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL; LATENCY; MOTHERS AB Objectives: To estimate the distribution of the incubation period of HIV-1 among perinatally infected children and to test the hypothesis that this distribution has been changing over time. Design: An analysis of 190 perinatally HIV-1-infected children born between 1986 and 1997 in eight medical centers in New York City to women enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method and parametric survival analysis. Results: Using the Kaplan-Meier method it was estimated that among perinatally HIV-1-infected children, 48% [95% confidence interval (CI), 41-56] developed AIDS by 3 years of age after which the rate was less than 3% per year. Using a parametric survival analysis for extrapolation, it was predicted that 33% (95% CI, 23-43) would remain AIDS-free at 13 years of age. Median age at onset of AIDS was estimated to be 4.1 years (95% CI, 1.9-6.4) by parametric survival analysis. The year of birth was significantly associated with AIDS-free survival, suggesting an increase in the time to AIDS over the years. This association remained significant (P = 0.03) after adjustment for those maternal characteristics that have also changed over time: timing of enrollment (prepartum versus postpartum), zidovudine, alcohol, and hard drug (heroin, cocaine or methadone) use during pregnancy. Conclusions: Although a substantial proportion of perinatally HIV-1-infected children develop AIDS very early in life, a significant and increasing percentage of them are expected to survive into adolescence without developing AIDS. Further research is needed to determine the factors associated with the lengthening survival to AIDS. (C) 1998 Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 Med & Hlth Res Assoc New York City Inc, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Metropolitan Hosp, New York, NY USA. RP Pliner, V (reprint author), New York City Perinatal HIV Transmiss Collaborat, 125 Worth St,Box 44, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU PHS HHS [064 CCU 200937] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 7 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 7 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1097/00002030-199807000-00012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZM516 UT WOS:000073548000013 PM 9619808 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Supawitkul, S Korattana, S Young, NL Parekh, BS Respess, RA Mastro, TD St Louis, ME AF Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Supawitkul, S Korattana, S Young, NL Parekh, BS Respess, RA Mastro, TD St Louis, ME TI Mucosal disruption due to use of a widely-distributed commercial vaginal product: potential to facilitate HIV transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE policresulen; drug toxicity; sexual transmission; prostitutes; Asia ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INFECTION; NONOXYNOL-9 AB Objective: Policresulen vaginal suppositories are a condensation product of metacresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde. We investigated their use by female commercial sex workers (CSW) and whether such use could facilitate HIV transmission. Methods: We interviewed female CSW in Thailand about use of the product, and we directly observed the effects of self-administration of a single suppository by each of six women. Results: Of 200 CSW interviewed, 32% had used policresulen vaginal suppositories in the preceding year and 46% had used them at some time. Many used them for reasons not listed on the package insert, such as improving their male partners' sexual pleasure, and most did not abstain from vaginal sex following use. Among 36 brothel-based and 67 non-brothel-based CSW with known HIV infection, the use of the product was not associated with HIV-1 infection (adjusted relative risk 1.0, 95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.0). Exfoliation of the vaginal and cervical mucosa was observed in all six CSW 1 day after product use, and, although it could have been the result of repeated examinations, an increase in genital HIV-1 RNA shedding was also detected in all three HIV-seropositive women. Conclusion: Although there was no epidemiological association with HIV infection, policresulen vaginal suppository use did disrupt the genital mucosa and therefore may have the potential to facilitate HIV transmission. Drug licensing authorities may wish to reassess the safety of this product. If the product continues to be distributed, steps should be taken to limit its use to the specific conditions for which it is indicated and to ensure that women abstain from vaginal sex following its use. (C) 1998 Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Chiang Rai Prov Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS collaborat, Dept Med Sci 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 7 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 7 BP 767 EP 773 DI 10.1097/00002030-199807000-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZM516 UT WOS:000073548000014 PM 9619809 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Bopp, C Dewitt, W Dabney, P Mokhtar, M Angulo, FJ AF Glynn, MK Bopp, C Dewitt, W Dabney, P Mokhtar, M Angulo, FJ TI Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS AB Background Strains of salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have become a worldwide health problem. A distinct strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (DT104), is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline and has become a major cause of illness in humans and animals in Europe, especially the United Kingdom. Methods To characterize typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States, we analyzed data collected by local and state health departments and public health laboratories between 1979 and 1996 in national surveys of the antimicrobial-drug resistance of salmonella. Selected typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance were phage typed. Results The prevalence of typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance increased from 0.6 percent in 1979-1980 to 34 percent in 1996. In 1994-1995, such isolates were identified in samples from 36 of the 46 surveillance sites (78 percent). Thirty-nine of 43 typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance identified in 1994-1995 and 1996 were phage type DT104 or a closely related phage type. Conclusions Multidrug-resistant typhimurium DT104 has become a widespread pathogen in the United States. More prudent use of antimicrobial agents in farm animals and more effective disease prevention on farms are necessary to reduce the dissemination of multidrug-resistant typhimurium DT104 and to slow the emergence of resistance to additional agents in this and other strains of salmonella. (C)1998, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 411 Z9 422 U1 1 U2 16 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 7 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 19 BP 1333 EP 1338 DI 10.1056/NEJM199805073381901 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL720 UT WOS:000073463700001 PM 9571252 ER PT J AU Owen, P Bender, B Steiner, B Perry, M Meriwether, R Arbuthnot, P Boeselager, G Passaro, K Hann, N Redman, L Bland, S AF Owen, P Bender, B Steiner, B Perry, M Meriwether, R Arbuthnot, P Boeselager, G Passaro, K Hann, N Redman, L Bland, S TI Demographic characteristics of persons without a regular source of medical care - Selected states, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 277-279, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Behav Surveillance Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Owen, P (reprint author), TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 17 BP 1340 EP 1340 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZK758 UT WOS:000073359800008 ER PT J AU Graves, TK Bradley, KK Crutcher, JM AF Graves, TK Bradley, KK Crutcher, JM TI Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with cross-contamination of food - Oklahoma, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 129-131, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Graves, TK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 17 BP 1341 EP 1341 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZK758 UT WOS:000073359800009 ER PT J AU Tucker, AW Haddix, AC Bresee, JS Holman, RC Parashar, UD Glass, RI AF Tucker, AW Haddix, AC Bresee, JS Holman, RC Parashar, UD Glass, RI TI Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; US CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTION; VACCINES; INFANTS; TRIAL; MORTALITY AB Context.-Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children, and a live, oral vaccine may soon be licensed for prevention. Objective.-To estimate the economic impact of a national rotavirus immunization program in the United States. Design.-Cost-effectiveness was analyzed from the perspectives of the health care system and society. A decision tree used estimates of disease burden, costs, vaccine coverage, efficacy, and price obtained from published and unpublished sources. Intervention.-The proposed vaccine would be administered to infants at ages 2, 4, and 6 months as part of the routine schedule of childhood immunizations. Main Outcome Measures.-Total costs, outcomes prevented, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results.-A routine, universal rotavirus immunization program would prevent 1.08 million cases of diarrhea, avoiding 34 000 hospitalizations, 95 000 emergency department visits, and 227 000 physician visits in the first 5 years of life. At $20 per dose, the program would cost $289 million and realize a net loss of $107 million to the health care system-$103 per case prevented. The program would provide a net savings of $296 million to society. Threshold analysis identified a break-even price per dose of $9 for the health care system and $51 for the societal perspective. Greater disease burden and greater vaccine efficacy and lower vaccine price increased cost-effectiveness. Conclusions.-A US rotavirus immunization program would be cost-effective from the perspectives of society and the health care system, although the cost of the immunization program would not be fully offset by the reduction in health care cost of rotavirus diarrhea unless the price fell to $9 per dose. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Effectiveness Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, US DHHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstom G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 235 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 6 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 17 BP 1371 EP 1376 DI 10.1001/jama.279.17.1371 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZK758 UT WOS:000073359800029 PM 9582045 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Narayan, KMV Valdez, R AF Kahn, HS Narayan, KMV Valdez, R TI Prenatal exposure to famine and health in later life SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 2 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9112 BP 1360 EP 1361 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79093-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL499 UT WOS:000073439400058 PM 9643826 ER PT J AU Lin, JC Lin, SC Mar, EC Pellett, PE Stamey, FR Stewart, JA Spira, TJ AF Lin, JC Lin, SC Mar, EC Pellett, PE Stamey, FR Stewart, JA Spira, TJ TI Is Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in semen of HIV-infected homosexual men? (Retraction of vol 346, pg 1601, 1995) SO LANCET LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 2 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9112 BP 1365 EP 1365 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79106-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL499 UT WOS:000073439400071 PM 9660680 ER PT J AU Jaye, DL Waites, KB PArker, B Bragg, SL Moser, SA AF Jaye, DL Waites, KB PArker, B Bragg, SL Moser, SA TI Comparison of two rapid latex agglutination tests for detection of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptococcus neoformans; latex agglutination; meningitis; Murex Cryptococcus Test; Cryptococcus Antigen Latex Agglutination System; antigen detection; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIGEN; NEOFORMANS; AIDS; MENINGITIS; SERUM; PERFORMANCE; ANTIBODIES AB The Murex Cryptococcus Test was compared with the Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS) for detecting cryptococcal polysaccharide in 173 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and 117 serum samples with 99% and 97% concordance, respectively. Eighteen CSF samples and 17 serum samples were positive in both assays, and 249 were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the Murex relative to the CALAS were 90% and 100%, respectively, for CSF, and 81% and 100%, respectively, for serum. Six discrepancies were arbitrated by retesting, using a third analytic method, review of other laboratory and clinical data, or both. The reaction in 1 CSF specimen was considered false positive by the CALAS, and the reactions in 2 serum samples were false negatives by the Murex. For 3 patients with previous cryptococcal meningitis but no active disease, only the CALAS detected antigen, suggesting that the Murex has less analytic sensitivity in this context. Titer differences dictate that direct comparisons between the 2 tests are not feasible. There were no false-positive reactions in limited testing with either method using specimens from patients with concurrent noncryptococcal infections or in rheumatoid factor-positive serum samples. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A or AD were detected equally by both assays. Based on our study, rye have elected to continue to use the CALAS for routine testing for cryptococcal antigen. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Univ Hosp Labs, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moser, SA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, WP 230, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RI Moser, Stephen/A-1168-2008 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 109 IS 5 BP 634 EP 641 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA ZK068 UT WOS:000073281700022 PM 9576585 ER PT J AU Will, JC Galuska, DA Vinicor, F Calle, EE AF Will, JC Galuska, DA Vinicor, F Calle, EE TI Colorectal cancer: Another complication of diabetes mellitus? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; confounding factors (epidemiology); diabetes mellitus; effect modifiers (epidemiology); survival ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; COLON-CANCER; RISK; MORTALITY; DISEASES; SYMPTOMS; MOTILITY; MEN AB Delayed stool transit and other gastrointestinal abnormalities are commonly observed in persons with diabetes mellitus and are also known to be associated with colorectal cancer. Previous studies of the contribution of diabetes to colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have been limited by small sample sizes and failure to adjust for covariates, With more than 1 million respondents, the 1959-1972 Cancer Prevention Study provided a unique opportunity to explore whether persons with diabetes (n = 15,487) were more likely to develop colorectal cancer during a 13-year follow-up period than were persons without diabetes (n = 850,946). After adjustment, for colorectal cancer risk factors, such as race, educational level, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, dietary intake, aspirin use, physical activity, and family history of colorectal cancer, the incidence density ratio comparing colorectal cancer in those with diabetes and those without diabetes was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.65) for men and 1.16 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.53) for women. However, diabetes was not associated with greater case fatality. Future studies should explore the possibility of a cancer-promoting gastrointestinal milieu, including delayed steal transit and elevated fecal bile acid concentrations, associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic neuropathy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 50 TC 195 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 9 BP 816 EP 825 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZL332 UT WOS:000073422300005 PM 9583711 ER PT J AU Hooiveld, M Heederik, DJJ Kogevinas, M Boffetta, P Needham, LL Patterson, DG Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB AF Hooiveld, M Heederik, DJJ Kogevinas, M Boffetta, P Needham, LL Patterson, DG Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB TI Second follow-up of a Dutch cohort occupationally exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and contaminants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; chlorophenols; dioxins; herbicides; mortality; neoplasms; occupational exposure ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; CANCER MORTALITY; CHEMICAL WORKERS; HALF-LIFE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; DIOXINS; ACCIDENT; BLOOD; ACID AB A retrospective cohort study of workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and contaminants (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other polychlorinated dioxins and furans) has been conducted in a chemical factory in the Netherlands. Male workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides or chlorophenols showed increased relative risks (adjusted for age, calendar period at end of follow-up, and time since first exposure/employment) for total mortality (relative risk (RR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.5), cancer mortality (RR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.8-9.0), respiratory cancer (RR = 7.5, 95% CI 1.0-56.1), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.2-16.5), and ischemic heart diseases (RR = 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6) compared with an internal referent group of nonexposed workers. By using TCDD levels (predicted at the time of maximum exposure), based on extrapolated TCDD levels that were measured in a subset of the cohort, estimated relative risks for workers with medium and high TCDD levels were comparable with risks derived from the simple and earlier applied dichotomous exposure classification. In general, relative risks were highest in the highest category, indicating exposure-related increases in risk with TCDD level. In conclusion, results of this cohort study support the evidence of a high cancer risk in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and contaminants. C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis & Environm Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Inst Municipal Invest Med, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heederik, DJJ (reprint author), Agr Univ Wageningen, Environm & Occupat Hlth Unit, Dept Environm Sci, POB 238, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-95276] NR 49 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 9 BP 891 EP 901 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZL332 UT WOS:000073422300014 PM 9583720 ER PT J AU Dick, RB Ahlers, H AF Dick, RB Ahlers, H TI Chemicals in the workplace: Incorporating human neurobehavioral testing into the regulatory process SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nervous system; neurobehavioral; chemical exposures; regulation; limit setting AB In February 1996, the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive sponsored a workshop on the role of human neurobehavioral tests in the regulation of chemical exposures in the workplace. This paper presents the review of neurobehavioral testing that was initially prepared for the workshop but has been expanded and updated for publication. Information sources for the review were drawn from "preamble to the regulation," in the 1989 air contaminants project, an attempt by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to update the 1968 regulatory limits of workplace exposures. The scientific citations listed in the preamble provide a chemical database to review for evidence of neurobehavioral testing to support limit setting. Several conclusions emerged: 1) A wide range of nervous system effects were reported in the scientific citations for the 172 chemicals identified with effects on the nervous system; 2) Citations of studies with human neurobehavioral test results are used to support limit setting, but many are old studies primarily of acute effects; 3) There is frequently a delay of several years after publication before studies with neurobehavioral testing are cited in regulatory forms; 4) With the 1989 proposed regulatory limits never legally adopted, there has not been an update for most of the substances affecting the nervous system since 1971; 5) Investigators should be more aware of the regulatory process and submit studies reporting neurobehavioral test results to organizations that regulate and recommend workplace exposure limits; 6) Issuances in the Federal Register by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provide a framework for assessing neurotoxic risks that can be used by investigators to help identify and report nervous system effects using neurobehavioral testing in a more uniform fashion. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Dick, RB (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 439 EP 453 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199805)33:5<439::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-N PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZE310 UT WOS:000072779800003 PM 9557167 ER PT J AU Lushniak, BD Reh, CM Bernstein, DI Gallagher, JS AF Lushniak, BD Reh, CM Bernstein, DI Gallagher, JS TI Indirect assessment of 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) exposure by evaluation of specific humoral immune responses to MDI conjugated to human serum albumin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air sampling; biological marker; 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI); foaming operations; IgG; isocyanates; occupational asthma ID HISTAMINE-RELEASING FACTORS; INDUCED OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE; IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION; FOUNDRY WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; PROFILES; ANTIGEN AB Background: A study of occupational asthma among workers exposed to 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI). Objective: To demonstrate if serum concentrations of MDI-specific IgG or IgE are sensitive biological markers of disease or of MDI exposure. Methods: The Study group consisted of nine MDI-exposed workers and nine nonexposed workers. Air sampling for MDI and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, occupational and medical histories, respiratory physical exams, pre- and postshift spirometry and self-administered peak expiratory pow rates were performed. Serum specific IgE and IgG antibodies to an MDI-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate were assayed by the radioallergosorbent test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and compared to nine nonexposed laboratory controls. Results: No definitive cases of occupational asthma were documented. The mean level of MDI-specific IgG was significantly greater among exposed workers compared to nonexposed workers and laboratory controls (p = 0.04). Mean levels of TDI and HDI-specific IgG were also increased. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that serum concentrations of MDI-specific IgG appear to be a moderately sensitive biological marker of MDI exposure, but not an indicator of occupational asthma. Workers with IgG antibodies specific for one diisocyanate-HSA conjugate exhibit cross-reactivity to antigens prepared with other diisocyanates. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 NIOSH, Alice Hamilton Lab, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Reh, CM (reprint author), NIOSH, Alice Hamilton Lab, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199805)33:5<471::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-V PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZE310 UT WOS:000072779800006 PM 9557170 ER PT J AU Lepine, LA Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Joesoef, MR Peterson, HB Westrom, L AF Lepine, LA Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Joesoef, MR Peterson, HB Westrom, L TI Severity of pelvic inflammatory disease as a predictor of the probability of live birth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pelvic inflammatory disease; live birth; life-table analysis ID TRENDS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; FERTILITY AB OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the association between severity of pelvic inflammatory disease at laparoscopy and the probability of achieving a live birth, while accounting for subsequent episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease. STUDY DESIGN: Beginning in 1960 a cohort of 1288 women in Lund, Sweden, who had clinical symptoms of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and who desired pregnancy was followed Br up to 24 years. All participants underwent laparoscopy and were categorized by degree of salpingitis: mild (n = 371), moderate (n = 580), or severe (n = 337) pelvic inflammatory disease. Cumulative live birth rates, obtained by life-table analysis, and proportional hazards ratios were compared among women by severity of pelvic inflammatory disease, while accounting for subsequent episodes. RESULTS: The cumulative proportion of women achieving a live birth after 12 years was 90% for women with mild, 82% for women with moderate, and 57% for women with severe pelvic inflammatory disease. The occurrence of subsequent episodes in women with mild pelvic inflammatory disease did not diminish their long-term probability of live birth, whereas it significantly lowered the probability of live birth in women with severe pelvic inflammatory disease. Women with severe disease and subsequent episodes were eight times more likely to fail to achieve live birth compared with women with a single pelvic inflammatory disease episode with mild disease (relative risk 8.1;95% confidence interval 3.0 to 22.2). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing severity of pelvic inflammatory disease correlates with a lower long-term probability of live birth. Subsequent episodes have a greater impact on women with severe pelvic inflammatory disease at the index episode compared with those with milder disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. RP Hillis, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70534-4 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZP972 UT WOS:000073807400018 PM 9609570 ER PT J AU Felitti, VJ Anda, RF Nordenberg, D Williamson, DF Spitz, AM Edwards, V Koss, MP Marks, JS AF Felitti, VJ Anda, RF Nordenberg, D Williamson, DF Spitz, AM Edwards, V Koss, MP Marks, JS TI Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults - The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE child abuse; sexual; domestic violence; spouse abuse; children of impaired parents; substance abuse; alcoholism smoking; obesity; physical activity; depression; suicide; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ischemic heart disease ID SEXUAL ABUSE; SMOKING CESSATION; FAMILY VIOLENCE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK BEHAVIORS; DEPRESSION; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE AB Background: The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described. Methods: A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life. Results: More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported greater than or equal to 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P < .001). Persons who had experienced four or more categories of childhood exposure, compared to those who had experienced none, had 4- to 12-fold increased health risks for alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, and suicide attempt; a 2- to 4-fold increase in smoking, poor self-rated health, greater than or equal to 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were Likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life. Conclusions: We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Tucson, AZ 85727 USA. RP Felitti, VJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, 7060 Clairemont Mesa Blvd, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/12] NR 68 TC 2561 Z9 2600 U1 84 U2 497 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZT446 UT WOS:000074088700001 PM 9635069 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, LL AF Dahlberg, LL TI Youth violence in the United States - Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE adolescence; violence; aggression; risk factors; prevention ID SERIOUS JUVENILE-OFFENDERS; AGGRESSIVE BOYS; SOCIAL MALADJUSTMENT; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; ABUSED-CHILDREN; FAMILY; SCHOOL; DELINQUENCY; ADOLESCENTS; VICTIMIZATION AB Violence among youths is an important public health problem. Between 1985 and 1991, homicide rates among youths 15-19 years of age increased 154% and remain, today, at historically high levels. This paper reviews the major trends in homicide victimization and perpetration among youths over the last decade, the key risk factors associated with violence, and summarizes the many primary prevention efforts under way to reduce violence. Previous research points to a number of factors that increase the probability of violence during adolescence and young adulthood. Some of these factors include the early onset of aggressive behavior in childhood, social problem-solving skill deficits, exposure to violence, poor parenting practices and family functioning, negative peer influences, access to firearms, and neighborhoods characterized by high rates of poverty, transiency, family disruption, and social isolation. Efforts to address some of the primary risk factors for violence are under way across the United States, but evaluations to confirm program effectiveness are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dahlberg, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 122 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00009-9 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZT446 UT WOS:000074088700002 PM 9635070 ER PT J AU Short, LM Johnson, D Osattin, A AF Short, LM Johnson, D Osattin, A TI Recommended components of health care provider training programs on intimate partner violence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; domestic violence; violence; sexual partners; health care providers; training; training programs; evaluation mechanisms (health care); program evaluation ID BATTERED WOMEN AB Programs that are effective in training health care providers to recognize and meet the needs of victims of intimate partner violence must be identified and replicated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed criteria for use in developing, enhancing, and evaluating such programs. CDC developed these criteria as a result of continuing efforts to provide useful products for constituents through literature reviews and consultations with experts in the field; evaluations of training programs; creation of an inventory and annotated bibliography of health care provider training programs in the United States and Canada; and development of a framework to assist hospitals and health centers in evaluating their training programs. Training should begin while providers are in professional school and continue in the health care setting. Curricula should be multidisciplinary and should provide information, promote clinical skills, and effectively link providers with resources. Evaluation should assist programs in determining providers' needs and identifying appropriate materials, trainers, and training strategies. CDC is working to establish scientific evidence that provider training programs are effective and to share successful models with others. Providers have an important role in stopping and ultimately preventing intimate partner violence, but they are not alone in this effort. They need to know how to access the growing network of assistance including women's advocates, the criminal justice system, and other members of increasingly dynamic community coalitions. (C) 1998 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Short, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mail Stop K-60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00007-5 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZT446 UT WOS:000074088700004 PM 9635072 ER PT J AU Snider, DE Thacker, SB AF Snider, DE Thacker, SB TI Fifty years of applied population-based prevention research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CDC; disease prevention and control; population health; intervention; research; public health surveillance; epidemiology; laboratory sciences; infectious diseases; smallpox; polio; lead toxicity; AIDS ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Snider, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-D50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00072-X PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZT446 UT WOS:000074088700009 PM 9635077 ER PT J AU Dean, AG Shah, SP Churchill, JE AF Dean, AG Shah, SP Churchill, JE TI DoEpi - Computer-assisted instruction in epidemiology and computing and a framework for creating new exercises SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DoEpi; epidemiologic computing; computer-assisted instruction AB DoEpi is a series of computer exercises and a framework for making new exercises based on the Epi Info(TM) programs for epidemiologic computing. The system contains three outbreak investigations, a research survey, four exercises in advanced Epi Info programming, and four exercises in public health surveillance. The exercises are available via the Internet (www.cdc.gov, under "Publications, Products, and Software") with provision for CME and CEU credit from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They can serve as a useful adjunct to lectures and textbooks in teaching epidemiology or epidemiologic computing. A new DoEpi exercise with hypertext, low-resolution photographs, questions, answers, and an examination can be constructed in hours rather than weeks or months using an Exercise Development "wizard" provided as part of the instructor's module. Epi Info(TM) exercises with data files and customized programs require more work to construct but can be added by those with the necessary skills. DoEpi exercises can be used in a variety of ways for different curricula and students of different background levels, including those with English as a second language. Translation of DoEpi exercises into other languages is facilitated by the instructor's module, and construction of new exercises with locally suitable materials is encouraged. DoEpi is based on DOS programs to allow the widest use. The format lends itself to conversion to hypertext programs in the Microsoft Windows and Internet formats at a future date. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dean, AG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Mail Stop C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00024-5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZT446 UT WOS:000074088700020 PM 9635087 ER PT J AU Cai, WW Marks, JS Chen, CHC Zhuang, YX Morris, L Harris, JR AF Cai, WW Marks, JS Chen, CHC Zhuang, YX Morris, L Harris, JR TI Increased cesarean section rates and emerging patterns of health insurance in Shanghai, China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-RATE; DETERMINANTS; DELIVERY AB Objectives. This study examined the trend in cesarean section deliveries and the factors associated with it in the Minhang District of Shanghai, China. Methods. A representative sample of the members of 2716 households in the district were interviewed in the fall of 1993. This study analyzed the data from 1959 married women of reproductive age with at least one live birth. Results. During the past 3 decades, the proportion of infants born by cesarean section increased from 4.7% to 22.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the highest cesarean section rate, which occurred in the most recent period of 1988 through 1993, was associated with form of medical payment, self-reported complications during pregnancy, higher birthweight, and maternal age. Government insurance pays all costs of cesarean sections and accounted for the highest proportion of the cesarean section rate. Conclusions. The high rates of cesarean sections in China are surprising given the lack of the factors that usually lead to cesarean sections. The increasing cesarean section rates may be an early indication that emerging forms of health insurance and fee-for-service payments to physicians will lead to an excessive emphasis on costly, high-technology medical carl in China. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Shanghai Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Minhang Dist Bur Publ Hlth, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Chen, CHC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-35,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 26 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.5.777 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT682 UT WOS:000074114000016 PM 9585744 ER PT J AU Egeland, GM Perham-Hester, KA Gessner, BD Ingle, D Berner, JE Middaugh, JP AF Egeland, GM Perham-Hester, KA Gessner, BD Ingle, D Berner, JE Middaugh, JP TI Fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska, 1977 through 1992. An administrative prevalence derived from multiple data sources SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-IMPACT; GROWTH; FAS AB Objectives. The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome cases and the usefulness of various data sources in surveillance were examined in Alaska to guide prevention and future surveillance efforts. Methods. Sixteen data sources in Alaska were used to identify children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Medical charts were reviewed to verify cases, and records were reviewed to provide descriptive data. Results. Fetal alcohol syndrome rates varied markedly by birth year and race, with the highest prevalence (4.1 per 1000 live births) found among Alaska Natives born between 1985 and 1988. Screening and referral programs to diagnostic clinics identified 70% of all recorded cases. The intervention program for children 0 to 3 years of age detected 29% of age-appropriate cases, and Medicaid data identified 11% of all cases; birth certificates detected only 9% of the age-appropriate cases. Conclusions. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska and illustrate that reliance on any one data source would lead to underestimates of the extent of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population. C1 State Alaska, Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska Area Nat Hlth Serv, Indian Hlth Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Egeland, GM (reprint author), State Alaska, Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, POB 240249, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.5.781 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT682 UT WOS:000074114000017 PM 9585745 ER PT J AU Bisgard, KM Hardy, IRB Popovic, T Strebel, PM Wharton, M Chen, RT Hadler, SC AF Bisgard, KM Hardy, IRB Popovic, T Strebel, PM Wharton, M Chen, RT Hadler, SC TI Respiratory diphtheria in the United States, 1980 through 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE; IMMUNITY; TETANUS; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIC; ADULTS AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical features of respiratory diphtheria cases reported in the United States during 1980 through 1995. Methods. Respiratory diphtheria cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were reviewed. Cases were defined as physician-diagnosed cases with signs and symptoms compatible with respiratory diphtheria, including the presence of a pseudomembrane without other apparent cause. Results. From 1980 through 1994, 41 respiratory diphtheria cases were reported; none were reported in 1995, and no secondary cases were identified. Nine (22%) case patients were 4 years of age or younger, and 28 (68%) were 15 years of age or older. None of the case patients were up to date with diphtheria vaccination; 4 unvaccinated children died. Seventeen (43%) of 40 case patients had positive culture results. Conclusions. Available surveillance data suggest that respiratory diphtheria has become a ran disease in the United States. However, importation and circulation of toxigenic strains continue to present a threat and require achieving and maintaining high coverage with diphtheria toroid-containing vaccines in both children and adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bisgard, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 88 IS 5 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.5.787 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT682 UT WOS:000074114000018 PM 9585746 ER PT J AU Grosset, J Lounis, N Truffot-Pernot, C O'Brien, RJ Raviglione, MC Ji, BH AF Grosset, J Lounis, N Truffot-Pernot, C O'Brien, RJ Raviglione, MC Ji, BH TI Once-weekly rifapentine-containing regimens for treatment of tuberculosis in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; RIFAMPIN AB The bactericidal activities of several once-weekly rifapentine (P)-containing combination regimens against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and their ability to prevent the selection of rifampin (R)-resistant mutants, were compared with those of the standard six-times-weekly regimen consisting of R, isoniazid (H), and pyrazinamide (Z) in a mouse experiment. Mice were infected intravenously with 1.3 x 10(7) cfu of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and 8 wk of treatment began on Day 14 after infection, when mice were randomly allocated to an untreated control group and nine treatment groups of 30 mice each. At the end of 8 wk of treatment, all the tested regimens showed promising bactericidal activities. Once-weekly P alone was less bactericidal than six-times-weekly R alone; likewise, the once-weekly P-containing combined regimens were less bactericidal than the six-times-weekly standard regimen. However, the difference in killing was about 1 log(10) which represented only a fraction of the overall 4 log(10) to 5 log(10) magnitude of killing effects. The addition of streptomycin (S) improved the bactericidal effect of once-weekly PHZ, and the effect of once-weekly PHZS was further enhanced when it was preceded by 2 wk of daily HZS. The latter regimen achieved the same level of activity as the standard six-times-weekly regimen. All of the once-weekly P-containing combined regimens were able to prevent the selection of R-resistant mutants, whereas monotherapy with R or P selected resistant mutants in approximately 50% of animals. C1 Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere, F-75634 Paris 13, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Grosset, J (reprint author), Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere, 91 Blvd Hop, F-75634 Paris 13, France. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 157 IS 5 BP 1436 EP 1440 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZM736 UT WOS:000073570700012 PM 9603120 ER PT J AU Hinnebusch, BJ Gage, KL Schwan, TG AF Hinnebusch, BJ Gage, KL Schwan, TG TI Estimation of vector infectivity rates for plague by means of a standard curve-based competitive polymerase chain reaction method to quantify Yersinia pestis in fleas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PCR; QUANTIFICATION; SIPHONAPTERA; TRANSMISSION; DNA; CERATOPHYLLIDAE AB The prevalence of infectivity within a vector population is a critical factor in arthropod-borne disease epidemiology but it is difficult to estimate. In the case of bubonic plague, infective flea vectors contain large numbers of Yersinia pestis within a bacterial mass that blocks the flea's foregut, and only such blocked fleas are important for biologic transmission. A bacterial quantitation method could therefore be used to assess the prevalence of plague-infective (blocked) fleas in a population. We developed a standard, curve-based, competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure to quantitate Y. pestis in individual fleas. The quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) method equaled a colony count reference method in accuracy and precision when evaluated using mock samples and laboratory-infected fleas. The Q-PCR was more reliable than colony count, however, for field-collected fleas and for blocked fleas collected after their death. In a sample of fleas collected from a prairie dog colony in the aftermath of a plague epizootic, 48% were infected but less than 2% contained numbers of Y. pestis indicative of blockage. The method provides a means to monitor plague epizootics and associated risks of flea-borne transmission to humans, and is applicable to the study of other vector-borne diseases. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Microbial Struct & Funct Lab, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Plague Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hinnebusch, BJ (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Microbial Struct & Funct Lab, NIH, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 562 EP 569 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZN155 UT WOS:000073615400006 PM 9598442 ER PT J AU Birch, ME AF Birch, ME TI Analysis of carbonaceous aerosols: interlaboratory comparison SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Trace Elements in Biological, Environmental and Toxicological Sciences CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP Univ New S Wales, Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, McMaster Univ, Inst Environ & Hlth, MAFF, CSL, Food Sci Lab DE carbon analysis; elemental carbon; black carbon; soot; carbonaceous aerosol; diesel exhaust; diesel emissions; diesel particulate; combustion aerosol ID DIESEL EXHAUST; EXPOSURES AB Carbonaceous aerosols are present in many workplace and environmental settings. Some of these aerosols are known or suspect human carcinogens and have been linked to other adverse health effects. Exposure to diesel exhaust is of particular concern because it has been classified as a probable human carcinogen and use of diesel-powered equipment is widespread in industry. Because previously used methods for monitoring exposures to particulate diesel exhaust lack adequate sensitivity and selectivity, a new method was needed. A carbon analysis technique called the 'thermal-optical method' was evaluated for this purpose. In thermal-optical analysis, carbon in a filter sample is speciated as organic and elemental (OC and EC, respectively), When the thermal-optical method was initially evaluated, only one instrument was available, so interlaboratory variability could not be examined, More recently, additional instruments were constructed and an interlaboratory comparison was completed. Eleven laboratories participated in the study, including four in Europe that employ an alternative thermal technique based on coulometric detection of CO2, Good agreement (RSDs less than or equal to 15%) between the total carbon results reported by all laboratories was obtained, Reasonable within-method agreement was seen for EC results, but the EC content found by the two methods differed significantly. Disagreement between the OC-EC results found by the two methods was expected because organic and elemental carbon are operationally defined. With all filter samples, results obtained with the coulometric method were positively biased relative to thermal-optical results. In addition, the alternative method gave a positive bias in the analysis of two OC standard solutions. About 52% and 70% of the carbon found in two aqueous solutions containing OC only (sucrose and EDTA, respectively) was quantified as elemental, while EC contents of about 1% and 0.1% (respectively) were found by the thermal-optical method. The positive bias in the analysis of the OC standards is attributed largely to inadequate removal of OC during the first part of the analysis; lack of correction for pyrolytically formed carbon (char) also is a factor. Results obtained with a different thermal program having a higher maximum temperature were in better agreement with the thermal-optical method. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Birch, ME (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 14 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAY PY 1998 VL 123 IS 5 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZN568 UT WOS:000073658900015 PM 9709478 ER PT J AU Thomas, CJ Lee, JY Conn, LA Bradley, ME Gillespie, RW Dill, SR Pinner, RW Pappas, PG AF Thomas, CJ Lee, JY Conn, LA Bradley, ME Gillespie, RW Dill, SR Pinner, RW Pappas, PG TI Surveillance of cryptococcosis in Alabama, 1992-1994 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 16-23, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE cryptococcosis; incidence; meningitis; fungus; cryptococcus neoformans; epidemiology; surveillance; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; SYSTEMIC MYCOSES; AMPHOTERICIN-B; UNITED-STATES; FLUCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; NEOFORMANS; TRIAL; AIDS AB PURPOSE: Although cryptococcosis is a significant opportunistic infection among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is conflicting information on rates of cryptococcosis among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Precise state-wide epidemiologic data for cryptococcosis are not available in Alabama. METHODS: We conducted an active laboratory and hospital medical record-based surveillance Fur cryptococcosis in Alabama from October 1, 1992 to September 30, 1994. A case of cryptococcosis was defined as a patient's initial episode of cryptococcal disease and based on either a positive culture for C. neoformans from any normally sterile site, a positive latex agglutination serologic test for cryptococcal antigen in CSF or serum, or histopathologic findings consistent with C. neoformans. RESULTS: Over the two year period, 153 cases were identified, The diagnosis was based on positive culture (37%), positive antigen (24%), positive autopsy culture (2%), and histopathologic findings (4%). Further, 33% of the total cases were diagnosed from combined positive culture, antigen, or histopathology. Of the total 153 cases, 55% were in HIV-positive patients omit 44% were in HIV negative individuals and one case (1%) had an unknown HN status. The overall annual incidence rate of cryptococcosis was 1.89 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence was 1638.7 per 100,000 in the HIV-positive population and 0.84 per 100,000 in the HIV-negative population CONCLUSION: The first Alabama statewide active surveillance system for cryptococcosis confirms previous observations that rates of cryptococcosis are consistently higher in HIV-infected individuals than in their HIV-negative counterparts. In Alabama, cryptococcosis occurs more commonly in urban residents and in men. Cryptococcosis in HIV-positive persons is more likely to occur in the 20 to 44 year age group, whereas cryptococcosis in HIV-negative persons is more likely to occur in those greater than 45 years old. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Mycoses Study Grp, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. TRW Govt Informat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, CJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Mycoses Study Grp, 335 BDB-1808 7th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-65296] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 212 EP 216 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZK363 UT WOS:000073312900002 PM 9590599 ER PT J AU Newsome, AL Scott, TM Benson, RF Fields, BS AF Newsome, AL Scott, TM Benson, RF Fields, BS TI Isolation of an amoeba naturally harboring a distinctive Legionella species SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIAL PARASITE; NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; PHYLOGENETIC STATUS; SARCOBIUM-LYTICUM; COOLING-TOWER; GUINEA-PIG; PNEUMOPHILA; WATER AB There are numerous in vitro studies documenting the multiplication of Legionella species in free-living amoebae and other protozoa. It is believed that protozoa serve as host cells for the intracellular replication of certain Legionella species in a variety of environmental settings. This study describes the isolation and characterization of a bacterium initially observed within an amoeba taken from a soil sample. In the laboratory, the bacterium multiplied within and was highly pathogenic for Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Extracellular multiplication was observed on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar but not on a variety of conventional laboratory media. A 16S rRNA gene analysis placed the bacterium within the genus Legionella, Serological studies indicate that it is distinct from previously described species of the genus. This report also describes methods that should prove useful for the isolation and characterization of additional Legionella-like bacteria from free-living amoebae. In addition, the characterization of bacterial pathogens of amoebae has significant implications for understanding the ecology and identification of other unrecognized bacterial pathogens. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Newsome, AL (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM anewsome@frank.mtsu.edu NR 36 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1688 EP 1693 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZL278 UT WOS:000073416600017 PM 9572937 ER PT J AU Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Croft, JB Macera, CA Lloyd, EE Yusuf, HR AF Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Croft, JB Macera, CA Lloyd, EE Yusuf, HR TI Moderate leisure-time physical activity - Who is meeting the public health recommendations? A national cross-sectional study SO ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We identified the prevalence of adults who met the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine moderate physical activity recommendation and the 1996 Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health energy expenditure guideline for leading a moderately active lifestyle. Participants were 16 890 women and 12 272 men at least 18 rears old who were asked in the 1990 National Health Interview Survey about their leisure-time physical activities. About one third of US adults met either recommendation for moderate activity; 32% met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Association of Sports Medicine recommendation and 38% met the surgeon general's guideline. Women, ethnic minorities, adults with lower educational attainment, and older adults were least active. Public health efforts are needed to address the issues related to physical inactivity and to provide organized programs to increase moderate physical activity levels in US adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Jones, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy K46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1063-3987 J9 ARCH FAM MED JI Arch. Fam. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZM729 UT WOS:000073570000022 PM 9596466 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Tetrault, G AF Steindel, SJ Tetrault, G TI Quality control practices for calcium, cholesterol, digoxin, and hemoglobin - A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study in 505 hospital laboratories SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; PERFORMANCE; CHARTS AB Objective.-To assess quality control (QC) practices and their impact on hospital laboratories using the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Q-Probes process. Design.-Self-directed data gathering using a questionnaire to determine QC practices, data input forms for 6 months retrospective quality control use and run failure rates, and input forms for 3 months prospective data concerning QC failure rates and corrective steps taken. Participants submitted data for four analytes: calcium, cholesterol, digoxin, and hemoglobin. Participants.-Laboratories enrolled in the 1994 CAP Q-Probes program. Main Outcome Measures.-Retrospective and prospective QC failure rates compared with QC protocols and the corrective steps. Results.-Five hundred five hospital laboratories returned various components of the study. Median retrospective run rejection rates per 1000 runs: calcium, 4.3; cholesterol 3.6; digoxin, 4.3; and hemoglobin, 2.4.:Corresponding median prospective run rejection rates per 1000 runs: calcium, 5.8; cholesterol, 5.6; digoxin, 6.5; and hemoglobin, 3.6. Participants resolved most out-of-control events in less than 20 minutes, with no patient samples repeated. More than 95% of the time, participants resolved out-of-control events simply by repeating controls. Most participants used a single control rule based on a target mean plus or minus a multiple of the standard deviation. A few laboratories used multirule systems. Conclusions.-Current testing methods yield few out-of-control events, which usually are resolved rapidly, with little impact on laboratory operation. We recommend modification and simplification of laboratory QC practices to decrease false rejection rates and to use modern instrumentation more efficiently. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Lab Performance Assessment Branch, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Chamblee, GA USA. Shared Lab Serv LC, Chesapeake, VA USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Lab Performance Assessment Branch, MS G-23,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 122 IS 5 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA ZM184 UT WOS:000073513100003 PM 9593339 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Yip, R Grummer-Strawn, LM Trowbridge, FL AF Mei, ZG Yip, R Grummer-Strawn, LM Trowbridge, FL TI Development of a research child growth reference and its comparison with the current international growth reference SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE CURVES; LMS METHOD; WEIGHT; STANDARDS; INFANTS; HEIGHT; REGRESSION; CENTILES; MODEL; UK AB Objective: To better characterize childhood growth and further assess potential limitations of the current National Center for Health Statistics and World Health Organization international growth reference. Design: The LMS method was used for curve fitting to summarize the changes in height and weight distributions by 3 curves representing the skewness (L), median (M), and coefficient of variation (S). A series of polynomial regression procedures was applied to smooth the L, M, and S curves. Setting: Subset data from 18 states contributing clinic data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System were used for this research reference. Methods: We chose only those clinics in which the height and weight distributions of children closely matched with those of the first and second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Results: Unlike the current international growth reference, the new reference has no disjunction at 24 months of age because it is based on a single data source for children aged 0 to 59 months. The reference also better characterizes the growth for infants than the current international reference, a fact we demonstrated with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System 1995, and the Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition, and Growth studies. Conclusions: The current National Center for Health Statistics and World Health Organization international growth reference needs to be updated. The methods used in this study will be useful to evaluate other data sets and to evaluate future modifications of growth references. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. UN, Childrens Fund, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zam0@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 152 IS 5 BP 471 EP 479 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZN124 UT WOS:000073612300010 PM 9605031 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RC Helmick, CG Arnett, FC Deyo, RA Felson, DT Giannini, EH Heyse, SP Hirsch, R Hochberg, MC Hunder, GG Liang, MH Pillemer, SR Steen, VD Wolfe, F AF Lawrence, RC Helmick, CG Arnett, FC Deyo, RA Felson, DT Giannini, EH Heyse, SP Hirsch, R Hochberg, MC Hunder, GG Liang, MH Pillemer, SR Steen, VD Wolfe, F TI Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ADULT DANISH POPULATION; KNEE OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; PRELIMINARY CRITERIA; PRIMARY FIBROMYALGIA AB Objective. To provide a single source for the best available estimates of the national prevalence of arthritis in general and of selected musculoskeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the spondylarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis, gout, fibromyalgia, and low back pain), Methods. The National Arthritis Data Workgroup reviewed data from available surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey series, For overall national estimates, we used surveys based on representative samples, Because data based on national population samples are unavailable for most specific musculoskeletal conditions, we derived data from various smaller survey samples from defined populations. Prevalence estimates from these surveys were linked to 1990 US Bureau of the Census population data to calculate national estimates. We also estimated the expected frequency of arthritis in the year 2020, Results, Current national estimates are provided, with important caveats regarding their interpretation, for self-reported arthritis and selected conditions. An estimated 15% (40 million) of Americans had some form of arthritis in 1995, By the year 2020, an estimated 18.2% (59.4 million) will be affected, Conclusion. Given the limitations of the data on which they are based, this report provides the best available prevalence estimates for arthritis and other rheumatic conditions overall, and for selected musculoskeletal disorders, in the US population. C1 NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Arthrit Res Ctr, Wichita, KS USA. RP Lawrence, RC (reprint author), NIAMS, NIH, Bldg 45,Room 5AS-13, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 149 TC 1560 Z9 1616 U1 15 U2 130 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 778 EP 799 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-V PG 22 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA ZL248 UT WOS:000073413600003 PM 9588729 ER PT J AU McDade, JC AF McDade, JC TI CDC Journal focuses on emerging infectious diseases globally SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD MAY PY 1998 VL 64 IS 5 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZM077 UT WOS:000073502400002 ER PT J AU Guenthner, PC Hart, CE AF Guenthner, PC Hart, CE TI Quantitative, competitive PCR assay for HIV-1 using a microplate-based detection system SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; PLASMA; RNA; DNA; AEQUORIN; QUANTIFICATION; SEROCONVERSION AB We have developed a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay in a microplate format for quantifying human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) DNA or RNA in a broad range of source materials. Our QC-PCR assay is a modification of technique originally described by Piatak et al. (1993), which is based on the presence of a competitive internal standard containing an internal 80-bp deletion of HIV-1 gag target sequence. For improved detection and quantification of the wild-type and internal-standard PCR products in a microplate format, we introduced a non-HIV, 31-bp insert into the internal standard as a probe hybridization site that does not cross-hybridize with wild-type HIV-1 products. By using a primer pair in which one primer is biotinylated, QC-PCRs can be bound to a streptavidin-coated microplate, denatured and probed with a digoxigenin (Dig)-labeled, wild-type or internal-standard probe. The hybridized Dig-labeled probes ar detected with an anti-Dig antibody conjugated to detector molecules for luminometry (aequorin) or optical densitometry (Peroxidase), yielding results that are quantifiable over the rang of 100-10 000 copies of HIV gag. Tested source materials for HIV-1 DNA or RNA quantification include plasma, vaginal lavage and cultured cells. The application of the QC-PCR assay using the microplate format affords a convenient and cost-effective method for quantifying HIV-1 proviral and viral loads from a variety of body fluids, cells and tissues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guenthner, PC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DASTLR, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Mail Stop G19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pcgl@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 1998 VL 24 IS 5 BP 810 EP 816 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZL759 UT WOS:000073468300022 PM 9591131 ER PT J AU Weir, HK Kreiger, N Marrett, LD AF Weir, HK Kreiger, N Marrett, LD TI Age at puberty and risk of testicular germ cell cancer (Ontario, Canada) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Canada; men; puberty; testicular cancer ID EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; TESTIS CANCER; INCREASE; TRENDS; TUMORS AB Objectives: Incidence rates of testicular cancer are increasing among postpubescent men. This suggests that putative exposures may operate early in life and have changed over time. The age at which endocrine activity accelerates (age at puberty) may be such an exposure. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between age at puberty and testicular cancer risk. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in the province of Ontario, Canada which included males, aged 16 to 59 years, diagnosed with testicular germ cell cancer between 1987 and 1989, and age-matched controls. Data were collected on 502 cases, 346 case mothers, 975 controls, and 522 control mothers. Surrogate measures for age at puberty included age at starting ro shave, appearance of hair, growth spurt, and voice change. Results: A protective effect of later puberty was evident for all four measures of puberty as reported by both subjects and mothers, and greater protection was conferred when the greatest number of later puberty events were reported. Risk associated with earlier puberty was inconclusive. Conclusions: As age at puberty is decreasing in the population, the proportion of boys experiencing the protective effect of later puberty may be diminishing. This may help explain the increasing incidence of testicular cancer. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Canc Care Ontario, Div Prevent Oncol, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Weir, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1023/A:1008864902104 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110GG UT WOS:000075371400003 PM 9684705 ER PT J AU Smith, MA Simon, R Strickler, HD McQuillan, G Ries, LAG Linet, MS AF Smith, MA Simon, R Strickler, HD McQuillan, G Ries, LAG Linet, MS TI Evidence that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with an infectious agent linked to hygiene conditions SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE acute lymphoblastic leukemia; hepatitis A virus; hygiene; Japan; socioeconomic status; United States ID CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS; HEPATITIS-A ANTIGEN; SOCIAL-CLASS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIRTH CHARACTERISTICS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY AB Objectives: The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children has shown temporal and geographic variation during the 20th century, with higher rates in developed nations appearing in the first half of the century, but with persisting low rates in developing nations. We sought to assess the relation of childhood ALL with hygiene conditions, an aspect of socioeconomic development affecting rates of exposure to infectious agents. Methods: Infection patterns for hepatitis A virus (HAV), an agent with a fecal-oral route of transmission, were used to indicate hygiene conditions in different populations, with emphasis on instructive United States and Japanese data. A catalytic model was fit to these data, estimating the HAV force of infection and age-specific seroprevalence rates over time. These analyses were used to assess the temporal relationship of changes in HAV infection rates to changes in childhood leukemia mortality and incidence rates. Results: We observed an inverse relationship between HAV infection prevalence and rates of childhood leukemia. Further, decreases in the HAV force of infection in the United States and Japan appear to have preceded increases in childhood leukemia rates. We describe a model based on a putative leukemia-inducing agent with a change in infection rate over time correlated with that of HAV that describes well the temporal trends in childhood leukemia rates for White children in the US and for Japanese children. Conclusion: The data suggest that improved public hygiene conditions, as measured by decreased prevalence of HAV infection, are associated with higher childhood ALL incidence rates. The model that we present supports the plausibility of the hypothesis that decreased childhood exposure to a leukemia-inducing agent associated with hygiene conditions leads to higher rates of ALL in children by increasing the frequency of in utero transmission caused by primary infection during pregnancy (or by increasing the number of individuals infected in early infancy because of lack of protective maternal antibodies). C1 NCI, Canc Therapy Evaluat Program, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), NCI, Canc Therapy Evaluat Program, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Rm 741,EPN, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 115 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1023/A:1008873103921 PG 14 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110GG UT WOS:000075371400007 PM 9684709 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Lemos, APS Whitney, AM Solari, CA Brandt, ME Melles, CEA Frasch, CE Mayer, LW AF Sacchi, CT Lemos, APS Whitney, AM Solari, CA Brandt, ME Melles, CEA Frasch, CE Mayer, LW TI Correlation between serological and sequencing analyses of the PorB outer membrane protein in the Neisseria meningitidis serotyping system SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; ANTIBODY-BINDING; VACCINE DESIGN; CLASS-1; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; RESTORATION; SUBTYPES; STRAINS AB The current serological typing scheme for Neisseria meningitidis is not comprehensive; a proportion of isolates are not serotypeable. DNA sequence analysis and predicted amino acid sequences were used to characterize the structures of variable-region (VR) epitopes on N. meningitidis PorB proteins (PorB VR typing). Twenty-six porB gene sequences mere obtained from GenBank and aligned with 41 new sequences. Primary amino acid structures predicted from those genes were grouped into 30 VR families of related variants that displayed at least 60% similarity. We correlated VR families with monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivities, establishing a relationship between VR families and epitope locations for 15 serotype-defining MAbs. The current panel of serotype-defining MAbs underestimates by at least 50% the PorB VR variability because reagents for several major VR families are lacking or because a number of VR variants within some families are not recognized by serotype-defining MAbs. These difficulties, also reported for serosubtyping based on the PorA protein, are shown as inconsistent results between serological and sequence analyses, leading to inaccurate strain identification and incomplete epidemiological data. The information from this study enabled the expansion of the panel of MAbs currently available for serotyping, by including MAbs of previously undetermined specificities. Use of the expanded serotype panel enabled us to improve the sensitivity of serotyping by resolving a number of formerly nonserotypeable strains. In most cases, this information can be used to predict the VR family placement of unknown PorB proteins without sequencing the entire porB gene. PorB VR typing complements serotyping, and a combination of both techniques may be used for full characterization of meningococcal strains. The present work represents the most complete and integrated data set of PorB VR sequences and MAb reactivities of serogroup B and C meningococci produced to date. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Bacteriol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Bacteriol Div, Sao Paulo, Brazil. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 348 EP 354 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZL785 UT WOS:000073471300016 PM 9605990 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Smith, SJ Cooper, GR Myers, GL AF Caudill, SP Smith, SJ Cooper, GR Myers, GL TI Adequacy of NCEP recommendations for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLC, and LDLC measurements SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Lab, Div Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Lab, Div Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1064 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZL795 UT WOS:000073472300031 PM 9590388 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF AF Breiman, RF TI Editorial response: Prevention of pneumococcal disease - A new romance begins SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA; EFFICACY; EMERGENCE; COUNTY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, MS A-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1086/520271 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM239 UT WOS:000073518600020 PM 9597240 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR AF Jarvis, WR TI Epidemiology, appropriateness, and cost of vancomycin use SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Resistance with Gram-Positive Aerobic Infections, at the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 14, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID GUIDELINES AB Pharmaceutical costs, which approach $40 billion annually, account for about 8% of health care costs. Prescription drugs represent 5% to 20% of the total hospital budget, and antimicrobials account for 20% to 50% of hospital pharmaceutical costs. At one university hospital, the percentage of patients receiving antimicrobials increased from 31.8% in 1988 to 53.1% in 1994. Receipt of vancomycin has been associated with the emergence of resistant enterococci and has resulted in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for its use. Studies show that vancomycin use is increasing, that dosing is often inappropriate, that certain populations (such as oncology, neurosurgery, and cardiovascular surgery patients) are more likely to receive vancomycin, and that often use is not consistent with CDC recommendations. Few studies have assessed the cost of vancomycin use; those that have show that it is costly. Further studies of vancomycin use are needed, so that use can be improved through focused educational programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, US Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NW,MS-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1203 DI 10.1086/520284 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM239 UT WOS:000073518600033 PM 9597253 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, CM Bodnar, UR Schulte, J Atkinson, B Morgan, MT Caliper, TE Valway, S Onorato, I AF Weinbaum, CM Bodnar, UR Schulte, J Atkinson, B Morgan, MT Caliper, TE Valway, S Onorato, I TI Pseudo-outbreak of tuberculosis infection due to improper skin-test reading SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Correct, Vienna, Austria. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RP Weinbaum, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1236 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM239 UT WOS:000073518600044 PM 9597264 ER PT J AU Vines, A Swaminathan, B AF Vines, A Swaminathan, B TI Identification and characterization of nucleotide sequence differences in three virulence-associated genes of Listeria monocytogenes strains representing clinically important serotypes SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERFRINGOLYSIN-O; ACTIVATED TOXIN; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; STREPTOLYSIN-O; CHAIN-REACTION; HYBRIDIZATION AB Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes invasive, often fatal, disease in susceptible hosts. As a foodborne pathogen, the bacterium has emerged as a significant public health problem and has caused several epidemics in the United States and Europe. Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) of L. monocytogenes are responsible for nearly 95% of all reported cases of human listeriosis. L. monocytogenes serotype 4b has caused all well-characterized foodborne epidemic outbreaks in North America and Europe between 1981 and 1993. However, most of the genetic studies to characterize virulence factors of L. monocytogenes have been done by using serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c. In this investigation, we examined three virulence-associated genes (hly encoding listeriolysin, plcA encoding phosphotidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, and inlA encoding internalin) of two serotype 4b and two serotype 1/2b strains. We chose these virulence-associated genes on the basis of published sequence differences among strains from Listeria subgroups containing serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c versus 4b, respectively. They correspond to sequence homologies that include very highly conserved (hlyA), highly conserved (plcA) and mostly conserved (inlA). We found by using nucleotide sequence analysis of the hly, plcA, and inlA genes, the two L. monocytogenes strains (including a strain associated with a foodborne disease outbreak in California in 1985) in this study, two serotype 1/2b strains from a study that we recently reported, and other similar published data for serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, and 4b, had a high degree of sequence conservation at the gene and protein levels for all three genes. However, the sequences for the hly gene of L. monocytogenes strains of serotypes 1/2b and 4b were more closely related to each other and showed significant divergence from serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c. A unique nonsynonymous mutation was found in the hly gene of L. monocytogenes isolates that were associated with the 1985 California outbreak and were the epidemic phage type. When 158 L. monocytogenes isolates from the collection at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were screened, the mutation was found only in one other strain that had been isolated in California 3 years before the epidemic. Although the California epidemic clone was lactose negative, other L. monocytogenes serotype 4b isolates that were lactose negative did not possess the unique mutation observed in that epidemic clone. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS CO7, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 309 EP 318 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZG797 UT WOS:000073040700011 PM 9541569 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV AF Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV TI Culturally appropriate lifestyle interventions in minority populations - More than what meets the eye? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 1998 VL 21 IS 5 BP 875 EP 875 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZK207 UT WOS:000073296100043 PM 9589264 ER PT J AU Pfaller, MA Messer, SA Houston, A Rangel-Frausto, MS Wiblin, T Blumberg, HM Edwards, JE Jarvis, W Martin, MA Neu, HC Saiman, L Patterson, JE Dibb, JC Roldan, CM Rinaldi, MG Wenzel, RP AF Pfaller, MA Messer, SA Houston, A Rangel-Frausto, MS Wiblin, T Blumberg, HM Edwards, JE Jarvis, W Martin, MA Neu, HC Saiman, L Patterson, JE Dibb, JC Roldan, CM Rinaldi, MG Wenzel, RP TI National epidemiology of mycoses survey: A multicenter study of strain variation and antifungal susceptibility among isolates of Candida species SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED CANDIDEMIA; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; SECULAR TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS AB The National Epidemiology of Mycoses Survey (NEMIS) involves six academic centers studying fungal infections in surgical and neonatal intensive cave unit (ICU) patients. We studied variation in species and strain distribution and antifungal susceptibility of 408 isolates of Candida spp. Candida spp. were isolated from blood, other normally sterile site cultures, abscesses, wounds, catheters, and tissue biopsies of 141 patients hospitalized in the surgical (107 patients) and neonatal (34 patients) ICUs of medical centers located in Oregon, Iowa, California, Texas, Georgia, and New York. Isolates were also obtained from selected colonized patients (16 patients) and the hands of health care workers (27 individuals). DNA typing was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, and itraconazole was determined using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) methods. Important variation in susceptibility to itraconazole and fluconazole was noted: MICs of itraconazole ranged from 0.25 mu g/mL (MIC90) in Texas to 2.0 mu g/mL (MIC90) in New York. Similarly, the MIC90 for fluconazole was higher for isolates from New York (64 mu g/mL) compared to the other sites (8-16 mu g/mL). In general DNA typing revealed patient-unique strains; however, there were 13 instances of possible cross-infection noted in 5 of the medical centers. Notably, 9 of the 13 clusters involved species of Candida other than C. albicans. Potential transmission from patient-to-patient (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis) and health care worker-to-patient (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) teas noted in both surgical ICU and neonatal ICU settings. These data provide further insight into the epidemiology of nosocomial candidiasis in the ICU setting. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Pfaller, MA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Room C606 GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 24 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 31 IS 1 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)00245-9 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZL835 UT WOS:000073476900003 PM 9597389 ER PT J AU Mueller, PW Price, RG Finn, WF AF Mueller, PW Price, RG Finn, WF TI New approaches for detecting thresholds of human nephrotoxicity using cadmium as an example SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE biomarkers; cadmium; human; kidneys; lead; mercury; metals; nephrotoxicity; solvents ID INDUCED RENAL DYSFUNCTION; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; URINARY BIOMARKERS; INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS; TUBULAR DAMAGE; WORKERS; MARKERS; KIDNEY; EXCRETION AB Damage to the kidneys is one of the primary toxic actions of metals. Nephrotoxic substances not only cause renal disease directly, but they can also destroy renal reserve capacity, potentially placing those people with additional risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and genetic predispositions, at greater risk To detect nephrotoxicity in people ar a stage where intervention can be effective, sensitive methods are needed. One of the major advantages of using sensitive biomarkers of renal damage is that people who may be particularly susceptible to renal damage can be identified early, at a reversible stage of damage, and the progression to end-stage renal disease may be halted or delayed. Various categories of tests can be used to detect effects of nephrotoxic substances on the kidney. Through the use of biomarkers of damage to various parts of the nephron, U.S. and European studies have both shown a similar pattern of damage among men occupationally exposed to cadmium. These studies indicate various thresholds of renal effects, which researchers suggest represent a cascade of progressively severe damage to the kidney, Research into new biomarkers of damage caused by exposure to nephrotoxic substances centers around mechanisms of cell death, including necrosis and apoptosis; mechanisms of cell growth, regeneration, and proliferation, including factors that control cell cycle, influence gene expression, and modulate nucleic acid synthesis; and generic factors that increase susceptibility to renal disease. Examples of types of candidate biomarkers include of cytokines, lipid mediators, growth factors, transcription factors and protooncogenes, extracellular matrix components (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), and cell adhesion molecules. Research into new categories of biomarkers may provide additional insights into the mechanisms of damage caused by nephrotoxins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ London Kings Coll, Div Life Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Mueller, PW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS F50,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 106 IS 5 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106227 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 111UX UT WOS:000075457600014 PM 9647892 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Consonni, D Patterson, DG Needham, LL Lucier, G Brambilla, P Cazzaniga, MA Mocarelli, P Pesatori, AC Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, NE AF Landi, MT Consonni, D Patterson, DG Needham, LL Lucier, G Brambilla, P Cazzaniga, MA Mocarelli, P Pesatori, AC Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, NE TI 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin plasma levels in seveso 20 years after the accident SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE accident; dioxin; fat; gender; hormones; TCCD ID HIGHER CHLORINATED DIOXINS; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; CANCER MORTALITY; POTENTIAL EXPOSURE; CHEMICAL WORKERS; TUMOR PROMOTION; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; SERUM; HERBICIDES; VIETNAM AB In 1976, near Seveso, Italy, an industrial accident caused the release of large quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) into the atmosphere, resulting in the highest levels of the toxicant ever recorded in humans. The contaminated area was divided into three zones (A, B, R) corresponding to decreasing TCDD level in soil, and a cohort including all residents was enumerated The population of the surrounding noncontaminated area (non-ABR) was chosen as referent population Two decades after the accident, plasma TCDD level were measured in 62 subjects randomly sampled from the highest exposed zones (A and B) and 59 subjects from non-ABR, frequency matched for age, gender, and cigarette smoking status. Subjects living in the exposed areas have persistently elevated plasma TCDD level (range = 1.2-89.9 ppt; geometric mean = 53.2 and 11.0 ppt for Zone A and Zone B, respectively). Levels significantly decrease by distance from the accident sim (p = 0.0001), down to general population values (4.9 ppt) in non-ABR, thus validating the original zone classification based on environmental measurements. Women have higher TCDD levels than men in the entire study area (p = 0.0003 in Zone B; p = 0.007 in non-ABR). This gender difference persists after adjustment for location within the zone, consumption of meat derived from locally raised animals, age, body mass index, and smoking. There is no evidence for a gender difference in exposure, so variation in metabolism or elimination due to body fat or hormone-related factors may explain this finding. Elevated TCDD levels in women may contribute to adverse reproductive, developmental, and cancer outcomes. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Milan, Epidemiol Res Ctr, EPOCA, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Ist Clin Perfezionamento, Inst Occupat Hlth, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Milan, Desio Hosp, Milan, Italy. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, NIH, EPN 400A,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 43 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 106 IS 5 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 111UX UT WOS:000075457600021 PM 9520360 ER PT J AU Anderson, HA Falk, C Hanrahan, L Olson, J Burse, VW Needham, L Paschal, D Patterson, D Hill, RH AF Anderson, HA Falk, C Hanrahan, L Olson, J Burse, VW Needham, L Paschal, D Patterson, D Hill, RH CA Great Lakes Consortium TI Profiles of great lakes critical pollutants: A sentinel analysis of human blood and urine SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; fish consumption; furan; Great Lakes; metals; organochlorines; pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls; serum; urine; whole blood ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; DDT LEVELS; ZEEMAN CORRECTION; LVOV PLATFORM; HUMAN-SERUM; FISH; EXPOSURE; LEAD; PCB; CONSUMPTION AB To determine the contaminants that should be studied further in the subsequent population-based study, a profile of Great Lakes (GL) spore fish contaminant residues were studied in human blood and urine specimens from 32 sport fish consumers from three Great Laces: Lake Michigan (n =10), Lake Huron (n = 11), and Lake Erie (n = 11). Serum was analyzed for 8 polychlorinated dioxin congeners, 10 polychlorinated furan congeners, 4 coplanar and 32 other polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 11 persistent chlorinated pesticides. Whole blood was analyzed for mercury and lead. Urine samples were analyzed for 10 nonpersistent pesticides (or their metabolites) and 5 metals. One individual was excluded from statistical analysis because of an unusual exposure to selected analytes. Overall, the sample (n = 31) consumed, on average, 49 GL sport fish meals per year for a mean of 33 years. On average, the general population in the GL basin consume 6 meals of GL sport fish per year. The mean tissue levels of most persistent, bioaccumulative compounds also found in GL sport fish ranged from less than a twofold increase to that of PCB 126, which was eight times the selected background levels found in the general population. The overall mean coral toxic equivalent for dioxins, furans, and coplanar PCBs were greater than selected background levels in the general population (dioxins, 1.8 times; furans, 2.4 times; and coplanar PCBs, 9.6 times). The nonpersistent pesticides and most metals were nor identified in unusual concentrations. A contaminant pattern among lake subgroups was evident. Lake Erie spore fish consumers had consistently lo,ver contaminant concentrations than consumers of sport fish from Lakes Michigan and Huron. These interlake differences are consistent. with contaminant patterns seen in sport fish tissue from the respective lakes; GL sport Bh consumption was the most likely explanation for observed contaminant level among this sample. Frequent consumers of sport fish proved to be effective sentinels for identifying sport fish contaminants of concern. In the larger study to follow, serum samples will be tested for PCBs (congener specific and coplanar), DDE, dioxin, and furans. C1 Bur Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Div Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, HA (reprint author), Bur Publ Hlth, Wisconsin Div Hlth, 1414 E Washington Ave,Room 96, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 41 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 106 IS 5 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106279 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 111UX UT WOS:000075457600022 PM 9560354 ER PT J AU Juranek, DD Mac Kenzie, WR AF Juranek, DD Mac Kenzie, WR TI Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Juranek, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 228 EP 231 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZJ384 UT WOS:000073209400003 PM 9583411 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, GS Blackmore-Prince, C Lapinski, RH Savitz, DA AF Berkowitz, GS Blackmore-Prince, C Lapinski, RH Savitz, DA TI Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk factors; preterm birth; pregnancy; gestational age ID DELIVERY; DETERMINANTS; WEIGHT AB To assess epidemiologic risk factors for preterm birth subcategories in an urban population, we undertook a study of 31,107 singleton livebirths that took place at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City between 1986 and 1994. We subdivided the preterm births into preterm premature rupture of the mem branes, preterm labor, and medically induced births. We ob rained information regarding the preterm subtypes and their epidemiologic risk factors from a computerized perinatal database. Adjusted odds ratios showed an increased risk for all three preterm birth subtypes in women who were black (1.9 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 2.1 for preterm labor, and 1.7 for medically induced births) or Hispanic (1.7 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 1.9 for preterm labor, and 1.6 for medically induced births), those who had had a previous preterm birth (3.2 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 4.5 for preterm labor, and 3.3 for medically induced births), those who began prenatal care after the first trimester (1.4 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 1.3 for preterm labor, and 1.3 for medically induced births), women who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero (3.1 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 4.1 for preterm labor, and 3.7 for medically induced births), patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus (2.2 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 2.4 for preterm labor, and 9.5 for medically induced births), and those with antepartum bleeding (2.8 for preterm premature rupture of membranes, 3.6 for preterm labor, and 3.7 for medically induced births). Other sociodemographic, constitutional, life-style, and obstetrical characteristics differed across the groups, Variation in some of the risk factors among the preterm subtypes implies that epidemiologic assessment of the more specific outcomes would be advisable. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Berkowitz, GS (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU PHS HHS [U501CCU300860-09] NR 16 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1097/00001648-199805000-00011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZJ384 UT WOS:000073209400011 PM 9583419 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Yang, QH AF Khoury, MJ Yang, QH TI The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases: An epidemiologic perspective SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BREAST-CANCER; RISK FACTOR; DIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; SEARCH; AGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1097/00001648-199805000-00023 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZJ384 UT WOS:000073209400022 PM 9583430 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Lal, AA Ayala, FJ AF Escalante, AA Lal, AA Ayala, FJ TI Genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum SO GENETICS LA English DT Review ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; LIVER STAGE ANTIGEN-1; CODON USAGE BIAS; POSITIVE SELECTION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; VACCINE CANDIDATE; STATISTICAL TESTS AB We have studied the genetic polymorphism at 10 Plasmodium falciparum loci that are considered potential targets for specific antimalarial vaccines. The polymorphism is unevenly distributed among the loci; loci encoding proteins expressed on the surface of the sporozoite or the merozoite (AMA-1, CSP, LSA-I, MSP-1, MSP-2, and MSP-3) are more polymorphic than those expressed during the sexual stages or inside the parasite (EBA-175, Pfs25, PF48/45, and RAP-1). Comparison of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions indicates that natural selection may account for the polymorphism observed at seven of the 10 loci studied. This inference depends on the assumption that synonymous substitutions are neutral,. which we test by analyzing codon bias and G+C content in a set of 92 gene loci. We find evidence for an overall trend towards increasing A+T richness, but no evidence for mutation bias. Although the neutrality of synonymous substitutions is not definitely established, this trend towards an A+T rich genome cannot explain the accumulation of substitutions at least in the case of four genes (AMA-I, CSP, LSA-I, and PF48/45) because the G<->C transversions are more frequent than expected. Moreover, the Tajima test manifests positive natural selection for the MSP-1 and, less strongly, MSP-3 polymorphisms; the McDonald-Kreitman test manifests natural selection at LSA-1 and PF48/45. We conclude that there is definite evidence for positive natural selection in the genes encoding AMA-1, CSP, LSA-1, MSP-1, and Pfs48/45. For four other loci, EBA-175, MSP-2, MSP-3, and RAP-1, the evidence is limited. No evidence for natural selection is found for Pfs25. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ayala, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM fjayala@uci.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42397] NR 119 TC 173 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 11 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 1998 VL 149 IS 1 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ZN696 UT WOS:000073672500016 PM 9584096 ER PT J AU Daneker, GW Lund, SA Caughman, SW Swerlick, RA Fischer, AH Staley, CA Ades, EW AF Daneker, GW Lund, SA Caughman, SW Swerlick, RA Fischer, AH Staley, CA Ades, EW TI Culture and characterization of sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from human liver SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE sinusoid liver; endothelium vascular; hepatic; cells-cultured; cell adhesion molecules; metastasis models; microscopy-electron; human ID ADHESION MOLECULES; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; LIGAND MOLECULES; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; IMPLANTATION; INVITRO; CANCER AB Although most vascular models use large vessel endothelial cells from human umbilical veins, there is marked heterogeneity among endothelial cells from different vascular beds and organs. More accurate modeling of endothelial involvement in liver diseases, including metastasis, may result from the use of human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Liver resection specimens were sectioned, then treated with a 1.2 U/ml dispase solution. The tissue slurry was mechanically disaggregated and separated by centrifugation on a Percoll density gradient. Cells were then cultured in an endothelial-specific media with growth factors. These techniques resulted in a homogeneous monolayer consistent with endothelial cells by light microscopy. An endothelial origin was further confirmed by the expression of Factor VIII, binding of Ulex lectin, and uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein. Electron microscopy showed transcellular fenestrations consistent with a sinusoidal origin. These human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were then studied for expression of the adhesion molecules CD31/PECAM, CD34, E-selectin, ICAM-1, L-selectin, LFA-5, P-selectin, and VCAM-1 plus the binding of wheat germ agglutinin lectin. The patterns of adhesion molecule expression and lectin binding by these cells are characteristic of hepatic sinusoidal endothelia. In this paper, we have described a method for isolation and culture of human cells with the morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of hepatic sinusoidal endothelia. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biol Prod Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Daneker, GW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 5105 WMB,1639 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; OI Fischer, Andrew/0000-0002-5944-4621 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 34 IS 5 BP 370 EP 377 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA ZQ625 UT WOS:000073886800006 ER PT J AU Basma, H Norrby-Teglund, A McGeer, A Low, DE El-Ahmedy, O Dale, JB Schwartz, B Kotb, M AF Basma, H Norrby-Teglund, A McGeer, A Low, DE El-Ahmedy, O Dale, JB Schwartz, B Kotb, M TI Opsonic antibodies to the surface M protein of group A streptococci in pooled normal immunoglobulins (IVIG): Potential impact on the clinical efficacy of IVIG therapy for severe invasive group a streptococcal infections SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR CYSTEINE PROTEASE; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN-A; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; CYTOKINE RELEASE; PYOGENES; ACTIVATION; DISEASE; SUPERANTIGENS; AUTOIMMUNE AB The surface M protein of group A streptococci (GAS) is one of the major virulence factors for this pathogen, Antibodies to the M protein can facilitate opsonophagocytosis by phagocytic cells present in human blood, We investigated whether pooled normal immunoglobulin G (IVIG) contains antibodies that can opsonize and enhance the phagocytosis of type M1 strains of GAS and whether the levels of these antibodies vary for different MG preparations, We focused on the presence of anti-M1 antibodies because the M1T1 serotype accounts for the majority of recent invasive GAS clinical isolates in our surveillance studies, The level of anti-M1 antibodies in three commercial MG preparations was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (:ELISA), and the opsonic activity of these antibodies was determined by neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis of a representative M1T1 isolate. High levels of opsonic anti-M1 antibodies were found in all MG preparations tested, and there was a good correlation between ELISA titers and opsonophagocytic activity. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of opsonic anti-M1 antibodies among the various MG preparations or lots tested. Adsorption of MG with M1T1 bacteria removed the anti-M1 opsonic activity, while the level of anti-M3 opsonophagocytosis was unchanged. Plasma was obtained from seven patients,vith streptococcal toxic shock syndrome who received MG therapy, and the level of anti-M1 antibodies was assessed before and after MG administration. A significant increase in the level of type M1-specific antibodies was found in the plasma of all patients who received IVIG therapy (P < 0.006). The results reveal another potential mechanism by which MG can ameliorate severe invasive group A streptococcal infections. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kotb, M (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, 1030 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. EM mkotb@utmem1.utmem.edu RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40198, R01 AI040198] NR 45 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 66 IS 5 BP 2279 EP 2283 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZL243 UT WOS:000073413100064 PM 9573118 ER PT J AU Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR Folks, TM Chapman, LE AF Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR Folks, TM Chapman, LE TI Xenotransplantation: Is the future upon us? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DONOR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZN261 UT WOS:000073628200009 PM 9613689 ER PT J AU Emori, TG Edwards, JR Culver, DH Sartor, C Stroud, LA Gaunt, EE Horan, TC Gaynes, RP AF Emori, TG Edwards, JR Culver, DH Sartor, C Stroud, LA Gaunt, EE Horan, TC Gaynes, RP TI Accuracy of reporting nosocomial infections in intensive-care-unit patients to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System: A pilot study SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 18-23, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID VALIDATION; HOSPITALS AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of nosocomial infections data reported on patients in the intensive-care unit by nine hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. DESIGN: A pilot study was done in two phases to review the charts of selected intensive-care-unit patients who had nosocomial infections reported to the NNIS System. The charts of selected high-and low-risk patients in the same cohort who had no infections reported to the NNIS System also were included. In phase I, trained data collectors reviewed a sample of charts for nosocomial infections. Retrospectively detected infections that matched with previously reported infections were deemed to be true infections. In phase II, two Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) epidemiologists reexamined a sample of charts for which a discrepancy existed. Each sampled infection either was confirmed or disallowed by the epidemiologists. Confirmed infections also were deemed to be true infections. True infections hom both phases were used to estimate the accuracy of reported NNIS data by calculating the predictive value positive, sensitivity, and specificity at each major infection site and the "other sites," RESULTS: The data collectors examined a total of 1,136 patients' charts in phase I. Among these charts were 611 infections that the study hospitals had reported to the CDC. The data collectors retrospectively matched 474 (78%) of the prospectively identified infections, but also detected 790 infections that were not reported prospectively. Phase II focused on the discrepant infections: the 137 infections that were identified prospectively and reported but not detected retrospectively, and the 790 infections that were detected retrospectively but not reported previously. The CDC epidemiologists examined a sample of 113 of the discrepant reported infections and 369 of the discrepant detected infections, and estimated that 37% of all discrepant reported infections and 43% of all discrepant detected infections were true infections. The predictive value positive for reported bloodstream infections, pneumonia, surgical-site infection, urinary tract infection, and other sites was 87%, 89%, 72%, 92%, and 80%, respectively; the sensitivity was 85%, 68%, 67%, 59%, and 30%, respectively; and the specificity was 98.3%, 97.8%, 97.7%, 98.7%, and 98.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When the NNIS hospitals in the study reported a nosocomial infection, the infection most likely was a true infection, and they infrequently reported conditions that were not infections. The hospitals also identified and reported most of the nosocomial infections that occurred in the patients they monitored, but accuracy varied by infection site. Primary bloodstream infection was the most accurately identified and reported site. Measures that will be taken to improve the quality of the infection data reported to the NNIS System include reviewing the criteria for definitions of infections and other data fields, enhancing communication between the CDC and NNIS hospitals, and improving the training of surveillance personnel in NNIS hospitals (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:308-316). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Emori, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 308 EP 316 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZN261 UT WOS:000073628200010 PM 9613690 ER PT J AU Strausbarugh, LJ Pinner, RW AF Strausbarugh, LJ Pinner, RW TI Emerging infectious diseases: Introduction SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Portland Vet Affairs Med Ctr 111F, Hosp Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strausbarugh, LJ (reprint author), Portland Vet Affairs Med Ctr 111F, Hosp Epidemiol, POB 1034, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZN261 UT WOS:000073628200019 ER PT J AU Lin, JC AF Lin, JC TI Kaposi's sarcoma and HHV-8: Implications for therapy SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Kaposi's sarcoma; herpesvirus; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); antiviral agents; interferon alfa ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SPINDLE-SHAPED CELLS; LIPOSOMAL DAUNORUBICIN; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-SEQUENCES; PHASE-II; REPLICATION; INHIBITION AB There is evidence to suggest that the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma is driven by a variety of cytokine and cellular factors. Consequently, intervention aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis and cytokine production has been proposed. In this review, the author discusses the clinical outcomes of current cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens and proposes a novel antiviral strategy to combat both productive and latent HHV-8 infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 15 IS 5 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZP808 UT WOS:000073790500012 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL Vjecha, MJ Okwera, A Hatanga, E Byekwaso, F Wolski, K Aisu, T Whalen, CC Huebner, R Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ AF Johnson, JL Vjecha, MJ Okwera, A Hatanga, E Byekwaso, F Wolski, K Aisu, T Whalen, CC Huebner, R Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ TI Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection on the initial bacteriologic and radiographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; tuberculosis; diagnosis; microscopy; radiography ID SPUTUM SMEARS; HIV; DIAGNOSIS; ZAMBIA; SPECIMENS; DISEASE; COHORT; AIDS AB SETTING: TB Treatment Centre, Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on the bacteriologic and radiographic presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda, a nation with high rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV infection. DESIGN: To compare baseline characteristics among HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults with initial newly-diagnosed episodes of culture-confirmed pulmonary TB screened for participation in a randomized prospective TB treatment trial. RESULTS: Negative and paucibacillary (very scanty or scanty) sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) smears were more frequent in HIV-infected patients presenting with pulmonary TB (P = 0.007). More HIV-infected individuals also had sputum cultures that required 7-8 weeks incubation until positivity than non-HIV-infected patients (P < 0.01). Lower lung field and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates were more frequent among HN-infected patients. Rates of atypical X-ray presentations and cavitary disease were comparable between HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients; however, atypical disease was more frequent in HIV-infected patients with small tuberculin reactions or tuberculin anergy(PPD = 0 mm). CONCLUSION: HIV co-infection was associated with a higher frequency of negative and paucibacillary sputum AFB smears. The differences in the diagnostic yields of microscopy and culture between HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals were small and do not, in our opinion, significantly affect the utility of these important diagnostic tests in developing countries. Examining more than one sputum specimen and monitoring cultured specimens for a full 8 weeks may assist in optimizing the diagnostic yield. Upper lobe infiltrates and cavitary disease are still the most frequent radiographic presentations of pulmonary TB in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults in countries with a high prevalence of TB. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Uganda TB Invest Bacteriol Unit, Kampala, Uganda. Natl TB & Leprosy Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Elimat, Atlanta, GA USA. Mulago Hosp, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Dept Med, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU PHS HHS [U78/CCU 501881] NR 37 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 2 IS 5 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA ZN775 UT WOS:000073681400008 PM 9613636 ER PT J AU Manopaiboon, C Shaffer, N Clark, L Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chearskul, S Suteewan, W Kaewkungwal, J Bennetts, A Mastro, TD AF Manopaiboon, C Shaffer, N Clark, L Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chearskul, S Suteewan, W Kaewkungwal, J Bennetts, A Mastro, TD TI Impact of HIV on families of HIV-infected women who have recently given birth, Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; family; women; social support; Thailand; perinatal ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; HIV/AIDS; SUPPORT; PARENTS; CONSEQUENCES; CAREGIVERS; CHILDREN AB The objective of this study was to assess changes in the family situation of HIV-infected women who have recently given birth, As part of a prospective perinatal HIV transmission study, interviews were conducted with a subset of HIV-infected women at is to 24 months postpartum, and answers were compared with baseline information obtained during pregnancy, Standardized scales were used to assess levels of psychosocial functioning. A convenience sample of 129 HIV-infected women enrolled during pregnancy was interviewed at 18 to 24 months postpartum. At delivery, the women were young (median age, 22 years), primiparous (57%), and asymptomatic (93%). When baseline and follow-up data were compared. more women were living alone (1% versus 6%; p = 0.03), fewer women were living with their partners (98% versus 73%; p < 0.001), and 30% of families had reduced incomes. At follow-up, 10% of partners had died, and more partners than wives had become ill or died (21% versus 4%; p = 0.02). Most children (78%) were living with their mothers, but only 57% of the HIV-infected women were the primary caretakers. Fewer women had disclosed their HIV status to others (e.g., family, friends) than to their partners (34% versus 84%; p < 0.001), largely because of fear of disclosure. The women appeared to have high levels of depression and worry. The women's greatest worries were about their children's health and the family's future. Within 2 years after childbirth, substantial change within the families of HN-infected women was evident. These were manifest by partner illness or death, family separation, reduced family income, shifting responsibilities for child care, and signs of depression and isolation. Providing family support is a major challenge in Thailand as the perinatal HIV epidemic progresses. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Educ, Rajamangala Inst Technol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Manopaiboon, C (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ZM282 UT WOS:000073522900009 PM 9593459 ER PT J AU Thompson, CJ Daly, C Barrer, TJ Getchell, JP Gilchrist, MJR Loeffelholz, MJ AF Thompson, CJ Daly, C Barrer, TJ Getchell, JP Gilchrist, MJR Loeffelholz, MJ TI Insertion element IS3-based PCR method for subtyping Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; OUTBREAK; SEQUENCES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IS3 AB An Escherichia coli O157:H7 subtyping method based on PCR amplification of variable DNA sequences between the repetitive element IS3 was developed. Template DNA was prepared by boiling cells in Chelex. Two separate IS3 PCR amplifications were performed for each isolate: one with a single primer (primer IS3A) and one with two primers (primers IS3A and IS3B). The IS3 PCR subtyping method was applied to 35 epidemiologically related and unrelated E. coli O157:H7 isolates that had been previously characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE identified 25 different subtypes (difference of one or more hands), PCR with single primer IS3A and primer pair IS3A-IS3B identified 6 and 14 different subtypes, respectively. By combining the results of the two PCR amplifications, 15 different IS3 PCR subtypes were identified. While not as sensitive as PFGE, IS3 PCR subtyping grouped all outbreak-related isolates. IS3 PCR banding patterns were reproducible between amplifications and between subcultures. IS3 PCR could serve as a simple, rapid screening method for the identification of unrelated E. coli O157:H7 isolates. C1 Univ Iowa, State Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loeffelholz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, State Hyg Lab, 102 Oakdale CAmpus, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1184 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900003 PM 9574672 ER PT J AU del Aguila, C Croppo, GP Moura, H Da Silva, AJ Leitch, GJ Moss, DM Wallace, S Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ Visvesvara, GS AF del Aguila, C Croppo, GP Moura, H Da Silva, AJ Leitch, GJ Moss, DM Wallace, S Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ Visvesvara, GS TI Ultrastructure, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and PCR analysis of eight isolates of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis established in culture from sputum and urine samples and duodenal aspirates of five patients with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-VITRO CULTURE; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; N-SP; CUNICULI; IDENTIFICATION; HELLEM; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; DISSEMINATION; DIARRHEA AB Microsporidia are ancient, intracellular, eukaryotic protozoan parasites that form spores and that lack mitochondria. Currently, as many as eight species included under six genera are known to infect humans, mostly patients with AIDS. Among these, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the agent of gastrointestinal (GI) disease, is the most frequently identified microsporidian in clinical laboratories in the United States. Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis, the agent that causes a disseminated infection including infection of the GI tract, is the second most frequently identified microsporidian parasite. In spite of this, not many isolates of E. intestinalis have been established in culture. We describe here the continuous cultivation of eight isolates of E. intestinalis obtained from different samples including the urine, sputum, and duodenal aspirate or biopsy specimens from five AIDS patients originating from California, Colorado, and Georgia. The specific identification was made on the bases of ultrastructural, antigenic, and PCR analyses. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ San Pablo CEU, Unidad Parasitol, Madrid, Spain. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fac Ciencias Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. FIOCRUZ, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS-F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016 OI del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034, G12 RR003034] NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900008 PM 9574677 ER PT J AU Reef, SE Lasker, BA Butcher, DS McNeil, MM Pruitt, R Keyserling, H Jarvis, WR AF Reef, SE Lasker, BA Butcher, DS McNeil, MM Pruitt, R Keyserling, H Jarvis, WR TI Nonperinatal nosocomial transmission of Candida albicans in a neonatal intensive care unit: Prospective study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VAGINITIS; CLUSTER; STRAINS; PROBE AB Nosocomial Candida albicans infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). To determine the possible modes of acquisition of C. albicans in hospitalized neonates, we conducted a prospective study at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Ga. Clinical samples for fungal surveillance cultures were obtained at birth from infants (mouth, umbilicus, and groin) and their mothers (mouth and vagina) and were obtained from infants weekly until they were discharged. All infants were culture negative for C. albicans at birth. Six infants acquired C. albicans during their NICU stay. Thirty-four (53%) of 64 mothers were C. albicans positive (positive at the mouth, n = 26; positive at the vagina, 18; positive at both sites, n = 10) at the time of the infant's delivery. A total of 19 C. albicans isolates were analyzed by restriction endonuclease analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis by using genomic blots hybridized with the CARE-2 probe. Of the mothers positive for C. albicans, 3 of 10 were colonized with identical strains at two different body sites, whereas 7 of 10 harbored nonidentical strains at the two different body sites. Four of six infants who acquired C. albicans colonization in the NICU had C. albicans-positive mothers; specimens from all mother-infant pairs had different restriction endonuclease and CARE-2 hybridization profiles. One C. albicans-colonized infant developed candidemia; the colonizing and infecting strains had identical banding patterns. Our study indicates that nonperinatal nosocomial transmission of C. albicans is the predominant mode of acquisition by neonates in NICUs at this hospital; mothers may be colonized with multiple strains of C. albicans simultaneously; colonizing C. albicans strains can cause invasive disease in neonates; and molecular biology-based techniques are necessary to determine the epidemiologic relatedness of maternal and infant C. albicans isolates and to facilitate determination of the mode of transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 1,Room 225,Mailstop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1259 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900018 PM 9574687 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR AF Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR TI Gemella bergeriae sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAEMOLYSANS; MORBILLORUM; MENINGITIS AB Six strains of a hitherto-undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, faculatively anaerobic coccus from human sources were characterized by phenotypic: and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains are genealogically homogeneous and constitute a new subline within the genus Gemella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Gemella haemolysans, the type species of the genus Gemella, and from Gemella morbillorum by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from clinical specimens be classified as Gemella bergeriae sp. nov. The type strain of G. bergeriae is CCUG 37817 (= strain 617-93). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. BBSRC Inst Food Res, Dept Microbiol, Reading Lab, Reading, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Goteborg, Sweden. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1290 EP 1293 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900024 PM 9574693 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Hunter, S Swaminathan, B AF Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Hunter, S Swaminathan, B TI Computerized analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns: Comparative evaluation of two commercial software packages SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS AB Two computerized restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern analysis systems, the BioImage system and the GelCompar system (Molecular Analyst Fingerprinting Plus in the United States), were compared. The two systems use different approaches to compare patterns from different gels, In GelCompar, a standard reference pattern in one gel is used to normalize subsequent gels containing lanes with the same reference pattern, In BioImage, the molecular sizes of the fragments are calculated from size standards present in each gel, The molecular size estimates obtained with the two systems for 12 restriction fragments of phage lambda were between 97 and 10% of their actual sizes, with a standard deviation of less than 1% of the average estimated size for most fragments. At the window sizes used for analysis, the GelCompar system performed somewhat better than BioImage in identifying visually identical patterns generated by electrophoretic separation of HhaI-restricted DNA of Listeria monocytogenes. Both systems require the user to make critical decisions in the analysis, It is very important to visually verify that the systems are finding all hands in each lane and that no artifacts are being detected; both systems allow manual editing. It is also important to verify results obtained in the pattern matching or clustering portions of the analysis. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. NR 8 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1323 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900028 PM 9574697 ER PT J AU Echevarria, JE Erdman, DD Swierkosz, EM Holloway, BP Anderson, LJ AF Echevarria, JE Erdman, DD Swierkosz, EM Holloway, BP Anderson, LJ TI Simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTION; CHILDREN; TYPE-3; OUTBREAK; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; SPECIMENS; SEQUENCE; DISEASE AB Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays have been widely described for use in the diagnosis of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) and other respiratory virus pathogens. However, these assays are mostly monospecific, requiring separate amplifications for each HPIV type. In the present work, we describe multiplex RT-PCR assays that detect and differentiate HPIV serotypes 1, 2, and 3 in a combined reaction. Specifically, a mixture of three pairs of primers to conserved regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of each HPIV serotype was used for primary amplification, yielding amplicons with similar sizes. For typing, a second amplification was performed with a mixture of nested primers, yielding amplicons with sizes easily differentiated by agarose gel electrophoresis. A modified single-amplification RT-PCR assay with fluorescence-labeled nested primers, followed by analysis of the labeled products on an automated sequencing pi, was also evaluated. Fifteen temporally and geographically diverse HPIV isolates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention archives and 26 of 30 (87%) previously positive nasopharyngeal specimens (8 of 10 positive for HPIV serotype 1 [HPIV1], 9 of 10 positive for HPIV2, and 9 of 10 positive for HPIV3) were positive and were correctly typed by both assays. Negative results were obtained with naso- or oropharyngeal specimens and/or culture isolates of 33 unrelated respiratory tract pathogens, including HPIV4, enterovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our multiples RT-PCR assays provide sensitive, specific, and simplified tools for the rapid diagnosis of HPIV infections. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Microbiol Diagnost, Madrid 28220, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DNA Sect, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Pathol & Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Echevarria, JE (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Microbiol Diagnost, Carretera Majadahonda Pozuelo S-N, Madrid 28220, Spain. EM jeecheva@isciii.es RI Echevarria, Juan E./F-7913-2016 OI Echevarria, Juan E./0000-0001-7522-850X NR 28 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1391 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900042 PM 9574711 ER PT J AU Salkin, IF Pruitt, WR Padhye, AA Sullivan, D Coleman, D Pincus, DH AF Salkin, IF Pruitt, WR Padhye, AA Sullivan, D Coleman, D Pincus, DH TI Distinctive carbohydrate assimilation profiles used to identify the first clinical isolates of Candida dubliniensis recovered in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Dent Sci, Dept Oral Med & Pathol, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dublin Dent Hosp, Dublin 2, Ireland. BioMerieux Vitek Inc, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. RP Salkin, IF (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Pob 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RI Coleman, David/C-2008-2009; Sullivan, Derek/A-8269-2008 OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-1797-2888; Sullivan, Derek/0000-0003-0195-9697 NR 5 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1467 EP 1467 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZJ084 UT WOS:000073177900071 PM 9574737 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Singh, GK AF MacDorman, MF Singh, GK TI Midwifery care, social and medical risk factors, and birth outcomes in the USA SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIVES; PRENATAL-CARE; UNITED-STATES; IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM; CESAREAN-SECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; NORTH-CAROLINA; NEONATAL CARE; WEIGHT; LABOR AB Study objective-To determine if there are significant differences in birth outcomes and survival for infants delivered by certified nurse midwives compared with those delivered by physicians, and whether these differences, if they exist, remain after controlling for sociodemographic and medical risk factors. Design-Logistic regression models were used to examine differences between certified nurse midwife and physician delivered births in infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality, and risk of low birthweight after controlling for a variety of social and medical risk factors. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine differences in mean birthweight after controlling for the same risk factors. Study setting-United States. Patients-The study included all singleton, vaginal births at 35-43 weeks gestation delivered either by physicians or certified nurse midwives in the United States in 1991. Main results-After controlling for social and medical risk factors, the risk of experiencing an infant death was 19% lower for certified nurse midwife attended than for physician attended births, the risk of neonatal mortality was 33% lower, and the risk of delivering a low birthweight infant 31% lower, Mean birthweight was 37 grams heavier for the certified nurse midwife attended than for physician attended births. Conclusions-National data support the findings of previous local studies that certified nurse midwives have excellent birth outcomes. These findings are discussed in light of differences between certified nurse midwives and physicians in prenatal care and labour and delivery care practices. Certified nurse midwives provide a safe and viable alternative to maternity care in the United States, particularly for low to moderate risk women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Topeka, KS USA. Kansas Hlth Inst, Topeka, KS USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Reprod Stat Branch, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 840, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 52 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 52 IS 5 BP 310 EP 317 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZM800 UT WOS:000073577100008 PM 9764282 ER PT J AU D'Agata, E Venkataraman, L DeGirolami, P Weigel, L Samore, M Tenover, F AF D'Agata, E Venkataraman, L DeGirolami, P Weigel, L Samore, M Tenover, F TI The molecular and clinical epidemiology of enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a tertiary care hospital SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; CEFTAZIDIME RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; CEPHALOSPORINS; SELECTION; SHV-5 AB To describe the epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (EP-ESBL) in a non-outbreak setting, and to define the risk factors associated with colonization, a 5-month surveillance study was initiated. Ten of 333 patients were colonized with EP-ESBL, as defined by isoelectric focusing, Klebsiella sp. and Escherichia coli were the species most commonly harbouring these plasmid-mediated enzymes. Of the 16 SHV-producing isolates, 10 were SHV-3-like (pI 7.0) and six were SHV-like (pI 8.2). All isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. Ceftazidime resistance was detected in 50% and 100% of SHV-3-like and SHV-5-like producing isolates, respectively. One patient was colonized with four different SHV-5-like producing Enterobacteriaceae. These isolates carried plasmids that were indistinguishable by restriction endonuclease analysis, indicating broad plasmid transfer within the patient. By logistic regression, haemodialysis was a strong risk factor for colonization with EP-ESBL, suggesting that, in our hospital, horizontal transmission is an important mechanism of dissemination of these resistant pathogens. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP D'Agata, E (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr N A3310, Div Infect Dis, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 EI 1532-2742 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0163-4453(98)94171-8 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZX261 UT WOS:000074496500006 PM 9661937 ER PT J AU Lerma, JGG Yamamoto, S Gomez-Cano, M Soriano, V Green, TA Busch, MP Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Lerma, JGG Yamamoto, S Gomez-Cano, M Soriano, V Green, TA Busch, MP Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma virus load based on reverse transcriptase (RT) activity: Evidence of variabilities in levels of virion-associated RT SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22-31, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID AMPLICOR-HIV MONITOR; PCR ASSAY; RNA QT; INFECTION; QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATION AB Virus load based on levels of functional reverse transcriptase (RT) was measured in plasma from 50 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected persons, in 87 samples from 10 HIV-1 seroconversion panels, and in 100 uninfected persons by use of Amp-RT, an ultrasensitive RT assay, Of the 50 clinical samples, 38 (76%) were Amp-RT positive, while all uninfected controls were negative. Pearson's correlation coefficient of RNA and RT levels was .73 for all samples, .86 for seroconversion samples, and .49 for clinical samples. Calculated ratios of RT activity to virion RNA varied widely during both early and late stages of infection. Mean RT:RNA ratios in 8 seroconversion panels and in 12 (34.3%) of 35 individual clinical samples were significantly lower than the ratio for a reference virus. However, ratios were stable in individual seroconversions over time. These data demonstrate that RT activity can be used to quantitate plasma virus load and provide evidence of different levels of virion-associated RT among HIV-1-infected persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Invest Clin, Serv Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain. Irwin Mem Blood Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94142 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1229 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM264 UT WOS:000073521100012 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Cameron, DN Ismail, J Strockbine, N Williams, M Diaz, PS Westley, B Rittmann, M DiCristina, J Ragazzoni, H Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED AF Sobel, J Cameron, DN Ismail, J Strockbine, N Williams, M Diaz, PS Westley, B Rittmann, M DiCristina, J Ragazzoni, H Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED TI A prolonged outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in traditionally observant Jewish communities in North America caused by a molecularly distinct bacterial subtype SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANT SHIGELLA; RESTRICTION AB During 1994-1996, Shigella sonnei outbreaks occurred in 8 North American traditionally observant Jewish communities. These communities remain relatively separate from neighboring populations while maintaining close contact by travel with coreligionists in other cities. Epidemiologic investigations suggested community-to-community transmission via travel. Outbreak-related and control isolates of S. sonnei from each city were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to confirm an epidemiologic linkage between outbreaks. Forty-three (94%) of 46 outbreak-related isolates had closely related PFGE patterns, constituting a single subtype; 33 (94%) of 35 control isolates demonstrated unrelated PFGE patterns. Several patterns differing by less than or equal to 3 bands were identified within the outbreak subtype; one of these accounted for 65% of outbreak isolates. Hence, a single subtype of S. sonnei caused an international outbreak involving 8 traditionally observant Jewish communities, but not neighboring populations, over a 2-year period, suggesting sustained propagation of the epidemic strain between communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lab Sante Publ Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. St Louis Cty Dept Hlth, St Louis, MO USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Brookline Dept Publ Hlth, Brookline, MA USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Ocean Cty Hlth Dept, Lakewood, NJ USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qzs32@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1409 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM264 UT WOS:000073521100040 PM 9593035 ER PT J AU Katavolos, P Armstrong, PM Dawson, JE Telford, SR AF Katavolos, P Armstrong, PM Dawson, JE Telford, SR TI Duration of tick attachment required for transmission of granulocytic ehrlichiosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Sesqui-Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Rickettsiology-and-Rickettsial-Diseases CY MAR 10-13, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol & Rickettsial Dis ID LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HUMAN BABESIOSIS AB Deer tick-transmitted pathogens such as Lyme disease spirochetes and babesiae appear to require a period of reactivation and replication during the tick's blood meal before it is able to infect a host. The duration of nymphal tick attachment that is required for transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was determined by removing feeding ticks from mice at various time points. As with spirochetes and babesiae, ehrlichiae infected few mice when ticks were removed prior to 36 h of tick attachment. This "grace period" may serve as a modifying factor in the epidemiology of this newly emergent zoonosis and help physicians make informed decisions concerning management of tick bites in HGE-endemic areas. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Telford, SR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM stelford@hsph.harvard.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-37993, AI-39002] NR 14 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1422 EP 1425 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZM264 UT WOS:000073521100044 PM 9593039 ER PT J AU Masalova, OV Atanadze, SN Samokhvalov, EI Petrakova, NV Kalinina, TI Smirnov, VD Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Kushch, AA AF Masalova, OV Atanadze, SN Samokhvalov, EI Petrakova, NV Kalinina, TI Smirnov, VD Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Kushch, AA TI Detection of hepatitis C virus core protein circulating within different virus particle populations SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibodies; recombinant HCV proteins; immune complexes; immunoenzyme analysis; antigenic determinants ID NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; INFECTED HOSTS; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; BINDING; LIVER; PRIMERS; REGION; GENE AB Progress in studying pathogenesis and increasing the reliability of hepatitis C diagnosis can be achieved by analysis of different forms of virus particles circulating in blood of both patients and infected persons. Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins faces two basic difficulties: low concentration of HCV proteins, and their blocking by antibodies. The aim of this work was to develop a method for the detection of nucleocapsid (core) protein in the plasma of HCV-infected persons using monoclonal antibodies (MABs). Twenty-seven anti-HCV-positive donor plasmas were studied of which 21 contained HCV RNA and 6 were negative. The plasmas were centrifuged for 3 hr at 143,000 g and the antigenic activity of core-protein was studied in the pellets by EIA using four MABs able to recognize four nonoverlapping determinants, two at N-terminus and two at C-terminus of recombinant core (1-150 aa). The determinants detected were present in the natural core protein of at least two genotypes (Ib and 3a). Maximal efficiency of recombinant protein detection was achieved with 2 MABs, whereas a combination of 4 MABs was necessary for optimal detection of natural core protein. This is indicative of different conformational structures of natural protein and its gene-engineered analog. The sensitivity of core detection by monoclonal sandwich assay was 1 ng/ml in the pellet or 5 pg/ml after normalization to the initial plasma volume. To dissociate immune complexes, the pellet was treated with 2.5 M KBr after first treating the pellet with the nonionic detergent Tween 80 to remove the virus lipid envelope. Using this treatment protocol, core protein was found in 19 of 21 RNA positive plasmas. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kushch, AA (reprint author), DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, 16 Gamaleya Str, Moscow 123098, Russia. OI masalova, olga/0000-0001-5571-5669 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199805)55:1<1::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZJ915 UT WOS:000073266500001 PM 9580878 ER PT J AU Willis, GB Gonzalez, A AF Willis, GB Gonzalez, A TI Methodological issues in the use of survey questionnaires to assess the health effects of torture SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH; SURVIVORS; VICTIMS; REFUGEES; TRAUMA; MORBIDITY; MEMORY; PRISONERS; VIOLENCE AB It has become increasingly important to identify torture survivors among subgroups of the American population and to assess the continuing health effects of torture experience. To determine whether survey questionnaires can be effectively used to make such assessments, we reviewed the recent literature on refugee health, on the measurement and treatment of trauma, and in the related areas of survey methodology and cognitive psychology. We conclude that, if properly conducted, the survey approach represents an effective method, and we propose specific recommendations concerning procedures that may be used in surveys of torture survivors to maximize study validity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Mental Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Willis, GB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 915,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 186 IS 5 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1097/00005053-199805000-00004 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA ZN680 UT WOS:000073670900004 PM 9612445 ER PT J AU Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR AF Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR TI America: Where kids are getting killed SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIOLENCE; PREVENTION; HOMICIDE; CHILD; SUICIDE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Krug, EG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 132 IS 5 BP 751 EP 755 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70295-1 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZN105 UT WOS:000073610400001 PM 9602177 ER PT J AU Friedman, CR Torigian, C Shillam, PJ Hoffman, RE Heltzel, D Beebe, JL Malcolm, G DeWitt, WE Hutwagner, L Griffin, PM AF Friedman, CR Torigian, C Shillam, PJ Hoffman, RE Heltzel, D Beebe, JL Malcolm, G DeWitt, WE Hutwagner, L Griffin, PM TI An outbreak of salmonellosis among children attending a reptile exhibit at a zoo SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTION AB Objective: In January 1996, an outbreak of diarrhea caused by Salmonella Enteritidis occurred in children attending a Komodo dragon exhibit at a metropolitan zoo. We sought to determine the extent of the outbreak and mode of transmission. Study design: A case-control study was conducted. Controls were randomly selected from zoo membership lists and matched to patients by age group and date of exhibit visit. Results: Of 65 patients identified, 39 had confirmed and 26 had suspected cases. The median age was 7 years (range, 3 months to 48 years) 55% were male, and 56% had bloody diarrhea. Twenty-six patients and 49 controls were enrolled in the case-control study. No patients and two (4%) controls reported touching a dragon; however, 83% of patients but only 52% of controls touched the wooden barrier that surrounded the dragon pen (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 13.9). Washing hands at the zoo after visiting the dragons was highly protective (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.7). Cultures from the patients, one dragon, and the exhibit barriers yielded Salmonella Enteritidis, phage type 8. On the basis of an attack rate of 4.3% among exhibit attendees under 13 years old on whom data were collected, we estimate that 315 additional cases of salmonellosis occurred among visitors in this age group. Conclusion: This large outbreak demonstrates the importance of environmental contamination in the transmission of Salmonella from reptiles, and the protective value of hand washing. Recommendations regarding reptile exhibits and reptilian pets should emphasize this indirect route. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Friedman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 132 IS 5 BP 802 EP 807 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70307-5 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZN105 UT WOS:000073610400013 PM 9602189 ER PT J AU Grubber, JM Callahan, LF Helmick, CG Zack, MM Pollard, RA AF Grubber, JM Callahan, LF Helmick, CG Zack, MM Pollard, RA TI Prevalence of radiographic hip and knee osteoarthritis by place of residence SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiography; osteoarthritis; knee; hip; urban health; rural health ID 1ST NATIONAL-HEALTH; SURVEY NHANES-I; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL DEMANDS; OBESITY; ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; FARMERS AB Objective. To determine the associations between place of residence and sex-specific prevalence rates of radiographic hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. We used data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), 1971-1975, to calculate and compare sex-specific prevalence rates for radiographic hip and knee OA in urban and rural areas; standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) and non-SMSAs; other urban-rural subtypes that we defined; and major geographic regions of the United States. We used logistic regression to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for the associations between place of residence and radiographic hip and knee OA. Results. We found no significant differences in the prevalence rates of hip or knee OA by place of residence for either men or women. After adjusting for age, race, and body mass index, we found a nonsignificant 40-50% increase in the odds of radiographic hip OA among men living in rural areas and non-SMSAs; no such increase was seen among women. No increased odds of knee OA were noted for subjects of either sex living in rural areas or non-SMSAs. Conclusion. In the NHANES I population, rural and non-SMSAs residence may be modestly associated with radiographic hip OA for men. Place of residence does not appear to be associated with radiographic hip OA among women or with radiographic knee OA in either sex. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 25 IS 5 BP 959 EP 963 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA ZK991 UT WOS:000073388000024 PM 9598898 ER PT J AU Prince, MM Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gilbert, SJ AF Prince, MM Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gilbert, SJ TI Response to "Comments on 'A re-examination of risk estimates from the NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey'" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 2734 (1998)] SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID INDIVIDUALS AB Concern is raised by Dobie [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 103, 2734 (1998)] regarding a recent analysis [Prince et nl., J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 101, 950-963 (1997)] of the NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey data. Specifically, issues are raised concerning (1) definition of hearing handicap, (2) the use of frequency-specific articulation index (AI) weights applied to the binaural pure-tone average of 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz, and (3) conclusions regarding significant excess risk based on this definition. We have reviewed the development of the definitions of hearing handicap and provide additional support for the use of a hearing handicap definition based on the binaural pure-tone average of 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz and the weighting of specific frequencies. Furthermore, our definition of noise-induced hearing handicap is similar to one of several proposed by the International Standards Organization (ISO-1999, 1990) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI S3.44, 1996). Additional analyses show that there is significant evidence of excess risk at daily exposure levels below 85 dB using any of the pure-tone average and/or weighting strategies we have examined. Hence we have provided additional support for our conclusions regarding exposure-response curves and we have reaffirmed that our methods are appropriate for the scape of our analysis. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies &, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Prince, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies &, Ind Wide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 103 IS 5 BP 2736 EP 2739 DI 10.1121/1.422795 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA ZM942 UT WOS:000073591800055 ER PT J AU Potter, LB Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR AF Potter, LB Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR TI Suicide in youth: A public health framework - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Potter, LB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hury NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 37 IS 5 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1097/00004583-199805000-00010 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA ZJ953 UT WOS:000073270300011 PM 9585649 ER PT J AU Ricci, RM Evans, JS Meffert, JJ Kaufman, L Sadkowski, LC AF Ricci, RM Evans, JS Meffert, JJ Kaufman, L Sadkowski, LC TI Primary cutaneous Aspergillus ustus infection: Second reported case SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We describe the second case of primary cutaneous Aspergillus ustus infection in an immunocompromised patient. Cutaneous aspergillosis was confirmed both by culture and positive fluorescent antibody staining. Few species of Aspergillus are pathogenic in human beings, and fewer still cause primary cutaneous disease. The only other reported case of aspergillosis from Aspergillus ustus occurred in an immunosuppressed patient who was temporally and geographically separated from ours. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, San Antonio, TX USA. Vet Adm Mycol Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ricci, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP 797 EP 798 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70460-8 PN 2 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA ZM640 UT WOS:000073560400001 PM 9591788 ER PT J AU Shatz, DV Schinsky, MF Pais, LB Romero-Steiner, S Kirton, OC Carlone, GM AF Shatz, DV Schinsky, MF Pais, LB Romero-Steiner, S Kirton, OC Carlone, GM TI Immune responses of splenectomized trauma patients to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 1 versus 7 versus 14 days after splenectomy SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma and the Japanese-Society-for-Acute-Medicine CY SEP 24-27, 1997 CL WAIKOLOA, HAWAII SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Japanese Soc Acute Med DE splenectomy; pneumococcal vaccine; postsplenectomy sepsis ID SUBCLASS ANTIBODY-LEVELS; SPLENIC INJURY; MANAGEMENT; PHAGOCYTOSIS; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS AB Objectives: Pneumcoccal polysaccharide vaccine is given after emergency splenectomy for trauma to lessen the risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. This study was undertaken to determine optimal timing of vaccine administration as determined by serum type-specific polysaccharide antibody concentration titer and functional activity of the resulting antibodies. Methods: Fifty-nine consecutive patients undergoing splenectomy after trauma mere randomized to receive pneumococcal vaccine postoperatively at 1, 7, or 14 days. Immunoglobulin G serum antibody concentrations against serogroup 4 and serotypes 6B, 19F, and 23F mere measured before vaccination and 4 weeks postvaccination. Antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and functional antibody by opsonophagocytosis. Results were compared with a normal adult control group (n = 12). Results: Postvaccination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations for all serogroups and serotypes studied mere not significantly different in splenectomized patients and control subjects. Postvaccination functional antibody activity was significantly reduced in early vaccination groups (serotype 6B excepted). However, with the exception of 19F, all titers for the 14-day group approached those of the control subjects (p > 0.05). Fold-increases of opsonophagocytic titers for serogroup 4 and serotypes 6B and 19F showed progressive increases with delay in vaccination. Except for serotype 23F, the number of postsplenectomy patients with opsonophagocytic titers < 64 significantly decreased with a delay in vaccination (14 days). Conclusions: Postvaccination immunoglobulin G serum antibody concentrations were not significantly different from normal control subjects regardless of the time of vaccination (1, 7, or 14 days). Although concentrations approach normal, functional antibody activity was significantly lower. Better functional antibody responses against the serogroup and serotypes studied seemed to occur with delayed (14-day) vaccination. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shatz, DV (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, POB 016960 D-40, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM dshatz@mednet.med.miami.edu OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 20 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 1998 VL 44 IS 5 BP 760 EP 766 DI 10.1097/00005373-199805000-00004 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA ZN299 UT WOS:000073632000003 PM 9603075 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, G TI Universal diagnostic RT-PCR protocol for arboviruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PCR; arbovirus; disease diagnosis; universal protocol ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRAL-RNA; SENSITIVE DETECTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; AMPLIFICATION; ASSAY AB A. selected number of PCR protocols were evaluated to determine if they could serve as a universal protocol for detecting and identifying all arboviruses. In this study, four parameters that affect the efficacy of RT-PCR (RNA extraction method, choice of reverse transcriptase, choice of DNA polymerase and thermocycling program) were evaluated in combination. The most optimal combination of those parameters employed use of silica gel membrane spin column, RAV-2 reverse transcriptase, Tth DNA polymerase, and a simple modification of a published thermocycling program. By this modified protocol, viral RNA could be amplified satisfactorily with more than 50 pairs of primers designed for diagnosis of arboviruses representing five families. The sensitivity and specificity obtained by this universal protocol were comparable to those obtained by the original protocol for each primer pair tested; and for some primers, improved sensitivity was observed. It was also found that a simple modification of a suggested protocol of a commercial RT-PCR kit could produce nearly identical results and serve as another universal protocol. With the use of a universal diagnostic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol, simultaneous screening of clinical or biological specimens against a large number of RNA viruses belonging to many families can be performed more efficiently for etiologic determination in the situations complicated by the difficulty of differential diagnosis. Furthermore, such a universal protocol facilitates reducing the cost of PCR-based diagnostic operation and standardizing the qualities of PCR-based diagnosis within an institution or among collaborating institutions. A logical strategy is to conduct diagnosis in two stages by using broadly group-reactive primers in the first stage to narrow the range of possible etiologic agents and using virus-specific primers in the second stage for identification. Before such a strategy is employed, however, more group-reactive primers for a large number of arboviruses, for which no such primers currently exist, must be made available. Furthermore, the best pair or pairs of primers need to be selected for each virus for the second stage of the strategy. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 51 TC 105 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(98)00003-2 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZV289 UT WOS:000074289700004 PM 9672130 ER PT J AU da Costa, LJ Tanuri, A AF da Costa, LJ Tanuri, A TI Use of T7 gene 6 exonuclease and phosphorothioated primers for the manipulation of HIV-1 infectious clones SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 infectious clone; T7 Exo; phosphorothioate primers AB A method is described for the efficient substitution, deletion or insertion of any desired DNA sequence into any viral infectious clones without the limitation of naturally occurring restriction sites. The technique employs the polymerase chain reaction combined with the resistance of 2'-deoxynucleotides 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) dNTPs [S] bonds (phosphorothiate bonds) to the 5'-3' double strand specific T7 gene 6 exonuclease (T7 Exo) digestion. Primers used to amplify the DNA target regions being manipulated present three phosphorothioate bonds from the fifteenth base at the 5' end. The enzyme activity was shown to be completely inhibited by the presence of more than one phosphorothioate residue at the 5' end of the DNA molecules. When the amplification products are submitted to the exonuclease digestion the hydrolytic T7 fro activity generates a short single strand DNA tail which contains the nucleotide integrity of the 3' strand. Since the ends of two independently amplified products overlap they can regenerate a stable recombinant structure when further combined in the same reaction tube in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. This new method can be used for manipulating an HIV-1 full-length clone belonging to subtype D replacing the env (gp120) gene for an F subtype sequence. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, Lab Virol Mol, BR-21943900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Tanuri, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, HIV Div, AIDS Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Costa, Luciana/B-7878-2013 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 1998 VL 72 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(98)00009-3 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZV289 UT WOS:000074289700013 PM 9672139 ER PT J AU Holt, HL AF Holt, HL TI Progress report: The national strategic plan for the early detection and control of breast and cervical cancers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Off Program & Policy Informat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Holt, HL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Off Program & Policy Informat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-64, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 411 EP 413 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.411 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA ZP555 UT WOS:000073765200011 PM 9611697 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Koo, D AF Niskar, AS Koo, D TI Differences in notifiable infectious disease morbidity among adult women - United States, 1992-1994 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB By 1990, all 50 states were using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance to report individual case data that included demographic information (without personal identifiers) about most notifiable diseases. This analysis of National :Notifiably Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) data is useful for evaluating the distribution of reported notifiable infectious diseases among adult women by age and race. The number of cases of the 48 nationally notifiable infectious diseases reported among adult women (i.e., women greater than or equal to 15 years of age) were compiled for 1992-1994. These data were then analyzed by age and race, and rates per 100,000 adult women were calculated. During 1992-1994, the 10 most commonly reported nationally notifiable diseases among adult women in the United States were, in descending order of frequency, gonorrhea, primary/secondary syphilis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), salmonellosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis A., hepatitis B, shigellosis, Lyme disease, and hepatitis C/non-A, non-B. Gonorrhea was the most commonly reported notifiable infectious disease for women of all ages, except those ages greater than or equal to 55 years, and for women of all races, except Asian/Pacific Islanders. Tuberculosis was the most commonly reported infectious disease among women of Asian/Pacific Island descent. Analysis of NNDSS data provides information about the relative reported burden of diseases among women of all ages and different races. This information may be used for targeting research, prevention, and control efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.451 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA ZP555 UT WOS:000073765200018 PM 9611703 ER PT J AU Bijnen, FCH Feskens, EJM Caspersen, CJ Mosterd, WL Kromhout, D AF Bijnen, FCH Feskens, EJM Caspersen, CJ Mosterd, WL Kromhout, D TI Age, period, and cohort effects on physical activity among elderly men during 10 years of follow-up: The Zutphen elderly study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; PATTERNS; ADULTS; TRENDS AB Background. Data regarding the nature of change in physical activity as elderly people become progressively older are scarce. The present study describes changes in the physical activity pattern of a cohort of elderly Dutch men between 1985 and 1995. Methods. Self-reported physical activity was assessed with a reliable and valid questionnaire designed for retired men. In 1985, 863 men (aged 65-84 years) were examined, in 1990, 520 surviving men, and in 1995, 343 men. Three analytical perspectives (cross-sectional, longitudinal, and time-series) were used concurrently to untangle effects of aging, period, and birth cohort on the 10-year change in physical activity. Results. Mean total time spent on physical activity decreased by 33% (28 min/day) during 10 years of follow-up. Time spent on bicycling, gardening, and total activity decreased with aging. A period effect was observed for time spent on bicycling and total activity in 1990 (increase) and gardening in 1995 (decrease). No differences in physical activity between birth cohorts were observed. Time spent on walking remained stable during follow-up, but its relative contribution to total time spent on physical activity increased with aging. The pattern of change in total activity was not affected by functional status. Conclusions. Mean total time spent on physical activity by elderly men clearly decreased during follow-up. This could not be fully explained by declining functional status, but was partly explained by aging. In contrast to other physical activity parameters, time spent on walking was not affected by aging. These results suggest an increasingly restrictive physical activity pattern with aging. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis & Environm Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Dept Med Physiol & Sports Med, NL-3521 GG Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Feskens, EJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis & Environm Epidemiol, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Feskens, Edith/A-3757-2012; Kromhout, Daan/A-8566-2014 NR 16 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP M235 EP M241 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZM037 UT WOS:000073498400021 PM 9597057 ER PT J AU Bryant, NJ Schlafer, DH Tennant, BC AF Bryant, NJ Schlafer, DH Tennant, BC TI Uterine masses in a woodchuck (Marmota monax) - Diagnosis: Uterine adenocarcinoma SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bryant, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZM568 UT WOS:000073553200008 ER PT J AU Burette, A Belliot, G Albuisson, E Romand, R AF Burette, A Belliot, G Albuisson, E Romand, R TI Localization of neurotrophin-3-like immunoreactivity in the rat cochlear nucleus SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE neurotrophic factor; central auditory system; glial cells ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; FACTOR RECEPTOR; BRAIN-STEM; NEURONAL ARCHITECTURE; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; SYSTEM; ADULT; ASTROCYTES; CAT AB Immunohistochemistry as well as immunohistofluorescence were used to investigate the distribution of the neurotrophin-3 (NT3) in the adult rat cochlear nucleus. We found a widespread distribution of NT3 immunolabeled neurons throughout the three divisions of this nucleus. NT3-like immunoreactivity was clearly population-specific, with some cell groups heavily (various small neurons and granule cells) or moderately (large neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus) stained, while others remained negative (a major fraction of medium and large neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus). Double-labeling experiments were performed using antibody against the glial fibrillary acid protein, a classic marker for mature astrocytes. This colocalization study revealed that NT3 immunoreactivity was also present in a subpopulation of astrocytes, particularly in the glia limitans and their projections. Numerous small cells also colocalized NT3 together with the glial marker in the granule cell domain and in the molecular cell layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. These results suggest that NT3 may exist in widespread populations of adult cochlear nucleus neurons as well as in glial cells. This abundant distribution of NT3-like immunoreactivity implies that this neurotrophin may have an important role in the continued maintenance of mature cochlear nucleus and makes it an attractive candidate for playing a role in regulation or stabilization of neuronal circuits in this nucleus. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Blaise Pascal, Neurobiol Lab, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Auvergne, Fac Med, Lab Biostat, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Romand, R (reprint author), Univ Blaise Pascal, Neurobiol Lab, F-63177 Aubiere, France. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 41 IS 3 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19980501)41:3<224::AID-JEMT6>3.0.CO;2-T PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA ZL164 UT WOS:000073405200006 PM 9605340 ER PT J AU Qari, SH Shi, YP Goldman, IF Nahlen, BL Tibayrenc, M Lal, AA AF Qari, SH Shi, YP Goldman, IF Nahlen, BL Tibayrenc, M Lal, AA TI Predicted and observed alleles of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a potential malaria vaccine antigen SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium Falciparum; malaria; alleles; parasite ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION; PARASITE; GENE; PRECURSOR; ANTIBODIES; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; GP195 AB The 19-kDa antigenic domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 is a potential malaria vaccine candidate. Based on the amino acid substitution, four known alleles, E-TSR (PNG-MAD20 type), E-KNG (Uganda-PA type), Q-KNG (Wellcome type), and Q-TSR (Indo type) of this domain have been identified. Using single or double crossover recombinational events, we predicted the existence of additional alleles of this antigen. The presence of the predicted alleles was determined in parasite isolates from western Kenya, by undertaking a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. Of the ten predicted alleles, we have revealed the presence of three new alleles: E-KSG-L (Kenya-1 type); E-KSR-L (Kenya-2 type); and E-KNG-F (Kenya-3 type). The results of this study suggest that it may be possible to predict the complexity of the genetic makeup of natural parasite populations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASTLR, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. ORSTOM, Lab Genet Parasites & Vectors, UMR CNRS, F-34032 Montpellier 01, France. RP Qari, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASTLR, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 15,Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI37543-02] NR 20 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY 1 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00010-3 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA ZT066 UT WOS:000074044800005 PM 9657329 ER PT J AU Jocums, SB Berg, CJ Entman, SS Mitchell, EF AF Jocums, SB Berg, CJ Entman, SS Mitchell, EF TI Postdelivery mortality in Tennessee, 1989-1991 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; MATERNAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATION AB Objective: To describe postdelivery mortality rates among residents of Tennessee from 1989 through 1991 and to compare these rates with those of women who had not delivered a live or stillborn infant in the previous year. Methods: Postdelivery deaths (those occurring within a year of delivery of a live or stillborn infant) were identified using a computerized linkage of birth and fetal death certificates to death certificates of female decedents aged 15-44 years. Each identified postdelivery death was reviewed and categorized as either pregnancy-related (temporally and causally related to pregnancy) or pregnancy-associated-but-not-related (temporally but not causally related to pregnancy). Cause-specific mortality rates were compared for women who died postdelivery with women who died but had not delivered in the previous year. Results: We identified 129 postdelivery deaths, one quarter of which were classified as pregnancy-related. The rates of postdelivery pregnancy-related and of pregnancy-associated-but-not-related death were 14.6 and 58.7, respectively, per 100,000 women who had delivered. Nonwhite women were 6.9 times more likely to experience postdelivery pregnancy-related death and 2.0 times more likely to experience postdelivery pregnancy-associated-but-not-related death than were white women. The leading cause of death among both women who had delivered and women who had not delivered a live or stillborn infant in the previous year was injury, although the risk of death the year after delivery was lower than for women who had delivered. Conclusion: Women were less likely to die in the year after delivery than were women who had not delivered a live or stillborn infant in the previous year. However, regardless of their delivery status, injuries were the leading cause of death among women. Postdelivery mortality was statistically significantly higher in nonwhite than white women, especially for pregnancy-related deaths. (C) 1998 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. RP Berg, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 91 IS 5 BP 766 EP 770 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00063-5 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZJ801 UT WOS:000073254600024 PM 9572227 ER PT J AU Watson, JC Redd, SC Rhodes, PH Hadler, SC AF Watson, JC Redd, SC Rhodes, PH Hadler, SC TI The interruption of transmission of indigenous measles in the United States during 1993 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE measles; measles transmission; measles elimination; disease surveillance ID REPORTING EFFICIENCY; ELIMINATION AB Background The United States has a goal to eliminate all indigenous cases of measles by the year 2000. Initial interruption of indigenous measles transmission would be expected during a period of very low measles incidence as occurred during late 1993. Methods. Indigenous measles cases (i.e. cases acquired in the United States and not traceable to any imported case) from 1993 were investigated to determine their source of infection. The probability of sustained undetected measles transmission between isolated indigenous cases was estimated. Results. Of the 312 measles cases reported for 1993, only 25 (8%) occurred after September 19. Of these only 4 cases (16%) could be classified as indigenous. The estimated probability that any of these 4 cases resulted from indigenous measles transmission in theirs or any adjoining counties was 0.05 or less. Conclusions. Interruption of indigenous measles transmission appears to have occurred for the first time throughout the United States in 1993. This event provides strong support for the current national strategy for measles elimination. However, complete elimination of indigenous measles will require maintaining high population immunity to prevent spread from imported cases and attaining global measles control to prevent the importation of measles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Watson, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 17 IS 5 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1097/00006454-199805000-00002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA ZN324 UT WOS:000073634500001 PM 9613646 ER PT J AU Wilfert, C Beck, DT Fleischman, AR Mofenson, LM Pantell, RH Schonberg, SK Scott, GB Sklaire, MW Whitley-Williams, PN Rogers, MF AF Wilfert, C Beck, DT Fleischman, AR Mofenson, LM Pantell, RH Schonberg, SK Scott, GB Sklaire, MW Whitley-Williams, PN Rogers, MF CA Comm Pediat AIDS TI Human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome education in schools SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has grown during the past 15 years. Education remains a critical component of our efforts to prevent HIV infection/AIDS in school children and young adults. To accomplish this goal, school personnel should receive updated information about HIV infection/AIDS so that accurate teaching on this topic can be included in the K-12 health education curriculum. Informed pediatricians and nurses can serve as important resources for school health services and administration to provide current information for the curriculum. Each community should have a school health advisory committee that enlists community support and provides input to health education programs in schools. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1998 VL 101 IS 5 BP 933 EP 935 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZL376 UT WOS:000073426700037 ER PT J AU Etzel, RA Montana, E Dearborn, DG Smith, PG Infeld, MD Dahms, BB Carroll-Pankhurst, C AF Etzel, RA Montana, E Dearborn, DG Smith, PG Infeld, MD Dahms, BB Carroll-Pankhurst, C TI SIDS or murder? In reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID SUDDEN INFANT DEATH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Etzel, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1998 VL 101 IS 5 BP 954 EP 955 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZL376 UT WOS:000073426700051 ER PT J AU Byers, T Anda, R McQueen, D Williamson, D Mokdad, A Casper, M Ford, E Marks, J AF Byers, T Anda, R McQueen, D Williamson, D Mokdad, A Casper, M Ford, E Marks, J TI The correspondence between coronary heart disease mortality and risk factor prevalence among states in the United States, 1991-1992 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; mortality; tobacco; obesity; physical activity ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; LIFE-STYLE; ASSOCIATION; WOMEN; MEN; SAMPLE; STROKE AB Objective. This study aimed to examine the correspondence between seven established risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD mortality among the states in the United States. An ecologic analysis relating CHD risk factor prevalences to CHD mortality rates among 49 states was undertaken in 1991-1992. Methods. Approximately 68,000 men and women ages 45-74 were randomly sampled and interviewed by telephone in surveys conducted in 49 states in 1991 and 1992. From these interviews, we estimated state-specific prevalences of smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, and alcohol abstinence. These seven CHD risk factors were also combined to create a CHD risk index for each state. The main outcome measures were mortality rates from CHD (ICD9 codes 410.0-414.9) in each of 49 states in 1991-1992 for men and women ages 45-74. The analysis was based on multiple linear regression and Spearman's rank-order correlations between the CHD risk factor prevalences, the combined CHD risk index, and the CHD mortality rates among the 49 states. Results. The prevalences of most of the CHD risk factors correlated with CHD mortality rates in the expected directions, and correlations were similar for men and women. The CHD risk index correlated strongly with CHD mortality for both men (r = 0.75) and women (r = 0.80). Conclusion. About 60% of the variance in CHD mortality between the states in the United States (56% for men and 64% for women) is attributable to differences between the states in the prevalences of seven established risk, factors for CHD. As state health agencies prioritize resources for chronic disease prevention programs, they should consider the potential benefits of increased efforts to reduce the prevalences of modifiable CHD risk factors in their populations to reduce CHD mortality. (C) 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Byers, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Campus Box C245,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0303 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZP859 UT WOS:000073795800001 PM 9612821 ER PT J AU Flint, AJ Yamada, EG Novotny, TE AF Flint, AJ Yamada, EG Novotny, TE TI Black-white differences in cigarette smoking uptake: Progression from adolescent experimentation to regular use SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 09-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Heart Assoc, Natl Inst Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism DE adolescence; cohort studies; health behavior; human; race; smoking-epidemiology ID UNITED-STATES; INITIATION; PREDICTORS; TRENDS; PEERS; RACE AB Background. More U.S. adolescents and young adults have initiated cigarette smoking in recent years. Blacks have been less likely than whites to start smoking, and the gap has widened recently. Reasons accounting for this large black-white difference remain unclear. Methods. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using a cohort of 2,467 adolescent smoking experimenters ages 11-18, within the 1989-1993 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey, a nationally representative survey. Results. Among experimenters (1989), 25.7% of whites and 10.3% of blacks had progressed to current smoking (1993). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of progression for blacks (vs whites) was 0.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23, 0.48]. Adjustment for factors significantly predictive of progression (most parsimonious model) modified the black-white OR to 0.36 (CI 0.24, 0.55), while the full model yielded a black-white OR of 0.39 (CI 0.24, 0.66). Conclusions. The observed black-white difference in smoking progression was only partly explained by the factors evaluated, and some additional factor(s) must be important. Understanding the black-white difference in the progression from experimentation to current smoking may help prevent uptake among all adolescents. (C) 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pediat Cardiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Prevent Med Residency, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flint, AJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07365]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU909706-03] NR 30 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0299 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZP859 UT WOS:000073795800007 PM 9612826 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE Leed-Kelly, A AF Bobo, JK McIlvain, HE Leed-Kelly, A TI Depression screening scores during residential drug treatment and risk of drug use after discharge SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENCE AB Depression is a highly prevalent disorder among patients in residential drug treatment, and the prognosis for recovery from chemical dependency among depressed persons is uncertain. This report presents one-year follow-up data on alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana use among patients who completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during their inpatient stay in one of 12 residential treatment programs in the Midwest. At le-month follow-up, CES-D scores in the depressed range were significantly associated with risk of relapse for alcohol and marijuana use, but not for cocaine use. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent & Societal Med, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Omaha, NE USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA09233] NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5 BP 693 EP 695 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA ZL567 UT WOS:000073447300016 PM 9603579 ER PT J AU Baer, GM AF Baer, GM TI Defining the rabies problem SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Labs Baer, Mexico City 06140, DF, Mexico. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect,Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baer, GM (reprint author), Labs Baer, Cuautla 150,Col Condesa, Mexico City 06140, DF, Mexico. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 113 IS 3 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZQ313 UT WOS:000073845800020 PM 9633870 ER PT J AU Kreindel, SM McGuill, M Meltzer, M Rupprecht, C DeMaria, A AF Kreindel, SM McGuill, M Meltzer, M Rupprecht, C DeMaria, A TI The cost of rabies postexposure prophylaxis: One state's experience SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective, This study was undertaken to evaluate trends in the use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) before, during, and following an epidemic of raccoon rabies in Massachusetts. Methods. The authors reviewed initiation of PEP as reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) from August 1994 to December 1995 and surveyed hospital pharmacies to determine the number of vials of Human Rabies Immune Globulin (HRIG) dispensed from 1991 through 1995 and charges to patients per vial. Results, PEP use increased dramatically, from 1.7 per 100,000 population in 1991 (pre-epidemic) to 45 per 100,000 in 1995 (after the first stages of the epidemic), The median costs per patient for biologics was $1646 (range: $632-$3435). Including physician and emergency room charges, per-patient median costs were $2376 (range: $1038-$4447), Total health care charges for PEP in Massachusetts in 1995 were estimated at $2.4 million to $6.4 million, Conclusions. Given the rapid increase in use of PEP, further studies should be undertaken to determine the appropriateness of use, and other alternatives, such as oral wildlife vaccines, should be considered. C1 Bur Communicable Dis Control, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rabies Sect,Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kreindel, SM (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis Control, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, 305 S St, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM silvia.kreindel@state.ma.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU110744-03] NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 113 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZQ313 UT WOS:000073845800021 PM 9633871 ER PT J AU Moorman, WJ Skaggs, SR Clark, JC Turner, TW Sharpnack, DD Murrell, JA Simon, SD Chapin, RE Schrader, SM AF Moorman, WJ Skaggs, SR Clark, JC Turner, TW Sharpnack, DD Murrell, JA Simon, SD Chapin, RE Schrader, SM TI Male reproductive effects of lead, including species extrapolation for the rabbit model SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead; rabbit model; semen quality; blood lead ID SEMEN QUALITY; ENDOCRINE; FERTILITY; DYSFUNCTION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RISKS; MEN AB The effects of elevated blood lead on semen quality were evaluated in the rabbit model and compared to published effects in humans. Mature, male rabbits were given lead acetate by subcutaneous injection in the dose range of 0 to 3.85 mg/kg on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday basis. In each of eight treatment groups, a dosing regimen was developed to produce blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, 50, 70, 80, 90, and 110 mu g/dL. A 5-week pre-exposure period was followed by a 15-week exposure testing period allowing for response through six cycles of the seminiferous epithelium, Semen analyses revealed that increased blood lead levels were associated with adverse changes in the sperm count, ejaculate volume, percent motile sperm, swimming velocities, and morphology. Hormonal responses were minimal. Testicular pathology revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of spermiation, For six measures of semen quality, threshold estimates ranged from 16 to 24 mu g/dL. Using the species extrapolation factor derived in this study, a rabbit dose would have to be divided by 1.56 to obtain the equivalent human dose for an equal percentage decrease in sperm concentration; however, rabbits are 3.75 more sensitive in terms of absolute decrease in sperm count for a given blood lead level. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Kansas City, KS USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Moorman, WJ (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C23, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [IA YO1-ES-40266] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 333 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00010-0 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA ZR507 UT WOS:000073984500011 PM 9628556 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ McQuillan, GM Levine, WC Candal, DH Bullard, JC Johnson, RE St Louis, ME Black, CM AF Mertz, KJ McQuillan, GM Levine, WC Candal, DH Bullard, JC Johnson, RE St Louis, ME Black, CM TI Pilot study of the prevalence of chlamydial infection in a national household survey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; FIRST-VOID URINE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; REACTION ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN; MEN; SPECIMENS AB Background: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in the United States population is unknown, Using a new urine test for C, trachomatis, we conducted a pilot survey as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), Goal: To determine whether the prevalence of chlamydial infection in a convenience sample of NHANES participants was high enough to justify testing for C. trachomatis in a national survey, Study Design: NHANES III, conducted from 1988 to 1994, was based on a stratified multistage probability sample of the United States population. Non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-Americans were oversampled, Using the ligase chain reaction assay for C, trachomatis, we tested urine from participants 12 to 39 years of age from 10 of the 89 sites of NHANES III, The prevalence of infection was calculated by racial or ethnic group. Results: We tested 1,144 study participants, of whom 65% were female, 30% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 30% were Mexican-American, Prevalence was higher for non-Hispanic blacks (7%) than for Mexican-Americans (3%) and non-Hispanic whites (2%), Prevalence was higher for women than men in non-Hispanic blacks (7% vs. 6%), Mexican-Americans (5% vs. 2%), and non-Hispanic whites (2% vs, 1%). In 15- to 19-year-old women, prevalence was 13% in non-Hispanic blacks, 11% in Mexican-Americans, and 5% in non-Hispanic whites. Conclusion: The prevalence of C. trachomatis genital infection was high enough to suggest that a reliable national prevalence estimate could be obtained in a national probability sample survey. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 25 IS 5 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1097/00007435-199805000-00001 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZL094 UT WOS:000073398200001 PM 9587171 ER PT J AU Foxman, B Aral, SO Holmes, KK AF Foxman, B Aral, SO Holmes, KK TI Heterosexual repertoire is associated with same-sex experience SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK AB Objective: The association of sexual repertoire with sexual preference, partnership and sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual history among white American (WA) and African-Americans (AA) is described. Design: Cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone survey. Methods: Seattle residents IS to 39 years of age selected via random digit dialing; an additional sample of AA sampled from listed telephone numbers from census tracks with over 40% AA, Results: The study included 356 WA and 140 BA ever engaging ha vaginal intercourse who answered questions regarding their usual sexual repertoire with their most recent opposite-sex partner. The 5% of NA engaging in vaginal oral, and anal intercourse with their most recent opposite-sex partner were 2.7 times (95 % CI: 0.9, 7.5)) as likely to report nonmonogamy and 8.4 times (95% CI: 2.6, 27.2) as likely to report a history of same-sex partners, Persons reporting a history of both same- and apposite-sex partnerships were more likely than those with only opposite-sex partners to report engaging in anal and oral sex with their most recent opposite-sex partner regardless of gender canal: women 24% vs, 4%, p < 0.001; men: 33% vs. 6%, p < 0.001; oral: women 95% vs, 74%, p = 0.03; men 89% vs. 78%, p = 0.4), Persons with a history of a same sex partner were also more likely than those with only opposite-sex partners to have a nonmonogamous current relationship (WA: odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9, 5.7; AA: OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 338) to engage in sex during menses (WA: OR = 1.9; 0.7, 5.4; AA: 9.6; 1.0, 4.6) and to have more sex partners in their life (WA: p = 0.002; AA: p = 0.07), Conclusions: Diverse sexual repertoires are associated with other risk behaviors putting the individual at high risk of acquiring or transmitting a sexually transmitted diseases (STD). C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD, Ctr Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Foxman, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI/MH34118] NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 25 IS 5 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1097/00007435-199805000-00003 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZL094 UT WOS:000073398200003 PM 9587173 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Levine, WC AF Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Levine, WC TI Chlamydia positivity versus prevalence - What's the difference? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Data on chlamydia screening collected as part of Regional Infertility Prevention Projects often do not include personal identifiers, therefore repeat tests for patients during a year cannot be identified. Consequently, positivity is calculated and used to monitor chlamydia prevalence. Goals: To assess how well positivity can estimate prevalence in family planning and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic settings. Study Design: Analyzed data from chlamydia screening programs in three geographic areas of the United States that used unique patient identifiers. Results: The relationship between positivity and prevalence is related to both the percentage of tests that are repeat tests and the percentage of repeat tests that are positive. On average, the percentage of positive repeat tests was the same as or higher than prevalence in family planning clinics; thus, positivity was the same as or higher than prevalence, In STD clinics, the percentage of positive repeat tests was consistently lower than prevalence; thus, positivity underestimated prevalence, However, the absolute difference between positivity and prevalence was less than 0.5% in family planning and STD clinics. Conclusions: Positivity can be used to monitor chlamydia prevalence in women screened in family planning and STD clinic settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Serv Infectiol, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Serv Infectiol, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 25 IS 5 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1097/00007435-199805000-00006 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ZL094 UT WOS:000073398200006 PM 9587176 ER PT J AU Luallen, JJ Rochat, RW Smith, SM O'Neil, J Rogers, MY Bolen, JC AF Luallen, JJ Rochat, RW Smith, SM O'Neil, J Rogers, MY Bolen, JC TI Child fatality review in Georgia: A young system demonstrates its potential for identifying preventable childhood deaths SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ABUSE AB Background. Child fatality review (CFR) by interagency teams can contribute to the prevention of childhood deaths. We investigated the potential usefulness of Georgia's CFR, legislated in 1990 primarily to prevent death from child maltreatment, for identifying preventable deaths from injury and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Methods. Using CFR report data and death certificate data, we examined reviewed and nonreviewed childhood deaths in Georgia in 1991 and examined data by etiology, county, risk factors, and preventability. Results. Injury or SIDS caused 33.2% of childhood deaths in Georgia in 1991; CFR reviewed 29.4% of these. Child fatality review was most sensitive for investigating death from intentional injury (40.5%) and SIDS (35.3%). Review teams reassigned the cause of five deaths (2.0%) to child abuse or neglect. County participation was low (31.4%). Overall, 29.0% of deaths were judged preventable. Conclusions. Georgia's CFR has potential for identifying preventable childhood deaths. Refinements in the system can increase the number and accuracy of death investigations. By participating in the system, physicians may make meaningful contributions to preventing childhood death in their own communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Off Perinatal Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat Programming & Graph, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 91 IS 5 BP 414 EP + PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZM757 UT WOS:000073572800001 PM 9598846 ER PT J AU Reid, TM DeBord, DG Cheever, KL Savage, RE AF Reid, TM DeBord, DG Cheever, KL Savage, RE TI Mutagenicity of N-OH-MOCA (4-amino-4 '-hydroxylamino-bis-3,3 '-dichlorodiphenylmethane) and PBQ (2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) in human lymphoblastoid cells SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HPRT mutations; AHH-1 cells; N-OH-MOCA; PBQ ID SODIUM ORTHO-PHENYLPHENATE; URINARY-BLADDER; DNA ADDUCTS; F344 RATS; PHENYLHYDROQUINONE; METABOLISM; MUTATIONS; TUMORS; ASSAY; GENE AB The genotoxic potential of two occupationally significant chemicals, 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MOCA) and 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PBQ), was explored by monitoring the induction of mutations at the HPRT locus of AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells. Exposure of AHH-1 cells to the putative carcinogenic metabolite of MOCA, N-OH-MOCA, induced a 6-fold increase in mutant frequency and resulted in base pair substitutions primarily at A:T base pairs. In contrast, exposure to PBQ did not result in an increased mutant frequency although this compound was significantly more cytotoxic than N-OH-MOCA at equimolar doses. The induction of mutations at A:T sites by N-OH-MOCA is consistent with the type of DNA damage known to be produced by MOCA and provides a specific marker of genotoxic damage for exposed populations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Reid, TM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 95 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00039-3 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 106RT UT WOS:000075164800007 PM 9704822 ER PT J AU Udhayakumar, V Saekhou, A Fang, S Jue, D Wohlhueter, RM Lal, AA AF Udhayakumar, V Saekhou, A Fang, S Jue, D Wohlhueter, RM Lal, AA TI Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein repeat multiple antigen constructs (MAC) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccine; circumsporozoite protein; peptide vaccine ID MALARIA VACCINE; PEPTIDE VACCINE; CELL EPITOPES; T-CELL; SAFETY AB In this study we characterized the immunogenic properties of three different multispecies multiple antigen constructs (MACs) carrying the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) repeats of human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax We synthesized tetrameric MACs containing the antigenic repents from the CSP of P. vivax-like parasite in two aims and CSP repeat sequences of either P. vivax type-1 (vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC), P. vivax type-2 (vivax-like/vivax type-2 MAC); or P. falciparum (vivax-like/falciparum MAC) in the other two arms. Mice of four different genetic backgrounds (H-2(a), H-2(h), H-2(d) and H-2(k)) were immunized with these MACs in Freund's adjuvant. All thr-ee MAC preparations were found to elicit antibodies to P. vivax-like CSP repeats in B10.BR, B10.A, and C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, in B10.D2 mice only vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC, but not the other two MACs induced antibodies to the P. vivax-like CSP repeats. In mice immunized with vivax-like/vivax type-1 MAC, antibodies to P. vivax type-1 CS repent peptides were induced in B10.BR, B10.A, and C57BL/6 mice, but not in B10.D2 mice. Antibody responses to P. vivax type-2 repeats were not induced in any of the four strains of mice that were immunized with vivax-like/vivax type-2 MAC. While B10.BR, B10.A, and C57BL/6 mice produced antibodies to NANP repeats of P. falciparum CSP following immunization with vivax-like/falciparum MAC, B10.D2 mice failed to elicit antibodies to this repeat. All the sera that showed positive reactivity to peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found to react with sporozoites by IFA. In conclusion, these results showed that naturally immunogenic epitopes from different species of malaria parasites can be incorporated in a single vaccine construct to induce immune responses against multiple epitopes. (C) 1998 Elsevier-Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30084 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resource Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30084 USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30084 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 16 IS 9-10 BP 982 EP 988 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00290-9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZV083 UT WOS:000074266800020 PM 9682348 ER PT J AU Jin, L Knowles, WA Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Brown, DWG AF Jin, L Knowles, WA Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Brown, DWG TI Genetic and antigenic characterisation of the haemagglutinin protein of measles virus strains recently circulating in the UK SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE measles virus; haemagglutinin protein; genetic characteristics; antigen characteristics ID CD46 DOWN-REGULATION; CURRENT WILD-TYPE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; EPITOPES; VACCINE AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the H protein gene of seven measles virus (MV) strains, representing three MV genotypes circulating in the UK in recent years, was determined. Compared to the MV vaccine strain Moraten (Mor-v), the divergence of the coded H gene (aa1-600) of the seven UK strains was between 1.8% and 2.8%. Representative isolates from each of the genotypes were tested by radio-immunoprecipitation using a panel of H protein-specific MAbs. Different patterns of MAb reactivity were shown between the three genotypes and between the wild-type strains and the vaccine strain. Plaque reduction neutralising antibody titres against strains UK350/94 (genotype I) and UK226/94 (genotype III) were measured in sera from 11 vaccinees. Vaccine derived antibody neutralised both strains and the GMTs were not significantly lower against the wild-type strains than against strain Mor-v. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Enter & Resp Virus Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jin, L (reprint author), Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Enter & Resp Virus Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. EM ljin@phls.co.uk NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 55 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00018-5 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 107HX UT WOS:000075203000011 PM 9712517 ER PT J AU Naikhin, AN Rudenko, LG Arden, N Katz, J Grigoryeva, YP Donina, SA Desheva, YA Rextin, AR Cox, N AF Naikhin, AN Rudenko, LG Arden, N Katz, J Grigoryeva, YP Donina, SA Desheva, YA Rextin, AR Cox, N TI Relationship between immune response of elderly subjects and number of annual seasonal immunizations with live and inactivated influenza vaccines SO VOPROSY VIRUSOLOGII LA Russian DT Article DE influenza vaccines; elderly subjects; immunization schemes; immune response ID COLD-ADAPTED INFLUENZA; A VIRUS-VACCINES; VACCINATION; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY AB A total of 159 subjects aged 65-87 years were immunized with live cold-adapted reassortant influenza vaccine (CRIV), inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), and with both vaccines (CRIV+IIV) one year, two and three years running. The frequency and intensity of accumulation of postvaccinal secretory and humoral antibodies in elderly subjects depend on the scheme of immunization and history of vaccinations. Combination of the two vaccines effectively stimulated both components of immunity and ensured a longer persistence of postvaccinal antibodies in high concentrations. Immunization with CRIV+IIV for three years resulted in a gradual increase of the intensity of prevaccination secretory and humoral immunity. Before the third seasonal immunization the majority (63-75%) of vaccinees had antibodies in protective titers. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Expt Med Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Naikhin, AN (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Expt Med Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013; Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520; Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GOSUDARSTVENNOE IZDATELSTVO PI MOSCOW PA MEDITSINSKOI LITERATURY PETROVKA 12, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0507-4088 J9 VOP VIRUSOL+ JI Vopr. Virusol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 3 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 101UM UT WOS:000074886600010 PM 9702813 ER PT J CA CDC TI Tobacco use among high school students - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 224-233, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 29 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 16 BP 1250 EP 1251 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZH270 UT WOS:000073090300011 ER PT J CA WHO UN Childrens Fund CDC TI One thousand days until the target date for global poliomyelitis eradication (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 234, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Global Program Vaccines & Immunizat, Geneva, Switzerland. UN Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Prevent Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Global Program Vaccines & Immunizat, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 29 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 16 BP 1251 EP 1251 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZH270 UT WOS:000073090300012 ER PT J AU Lindenmayer, JM Schoenfeld, S O'Grady, R Carney, JK AF Lindenmayer, JM Schoenfeld, S O'Grady, R Carney, JK TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a high school wrestling team and the surrounding community SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HERPES-GLADIATORUM; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; DISEASES AB Objectives: To describe a community outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to investigate risk factors for MRSA transmission and infection in a wrestling team. Design: Case series and retrospective cohort study. Setting: A high school wrestling team and the surrounding community in southern Vermont, 1993 to 1994. Patients or Other Participants: The case series included persons whose MRSA-positive infections were identified at a hospital laboratory from January 1, 1993, through February 28, 1994, and a health maintenance organization laboratory from July 1, 1993, through February 28, 1994. A wrestling team case-patient was a 1993-1994 team member with an MRSA-positive culture during the period from January 1, 1993, through February 28, 1994. Interventions: Visual inspection of wrestlers before matches was instituted. affected wrestlers were excluded from wrestling and advised to seek appropriate medical care. Heightened attention was given to personal and environmental hygiene. Main Outcome Measures: Colonization or infection with MRSA. Results: Seven of 32 team members were MRSA positive (6 infected, 1 colonized). All lesion-positive wrestlers were tested by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and found to be infected with the same MRSA strain, as were 6 nonwrestlers. No risk factors for MRSA infection were identified. Conclusions: The MRSA was transmitted among members of a wrestling team. Infection with MRSA should be suspected in outbreaks of boils that are nonresponsive to standard antibiotic therapy among healthy participants of contact sports and their close contacts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Lindenmayer, JM (reprint author), Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Div Dis Prevent & Control, Room 403,3 Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908 USA. NR 25 TC 199 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 27 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 8 BP 895 EP 899 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.8.895 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZJ190 UT WOS:000073188500009 PM 9570176 ER PT J AU Tully, DB Cox, VT Mumtaz, MM Davis, VL Chapin, RE AF Tully, DB Cox, VT Mumtaz, MM Davis, VL Chapin, RE TI Six high priority organochlorine pesticides singly or combined are not estrogenic in a HeLa transcriptional activation assay SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 SU S MA 862 BP A1459 EP A1459 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 260QN UT WOS:000083961501015 ER PT J AU Ryan, CA Vathiny, OV Gorbach, PM Leng, HB Berlioz-Arthaud, A Whittington, WL Holmes, KK AF Ryan, CA Vathiny, OV Gorbach, PM Leng, HB Berlioz-Arthaud, A Whittington, WL Holmes, KK TI Explosive spread of HIV-1 and sexually transmitted diseases in Cambodia SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Family Planning Int Assistance Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS Program Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Reprod Hlth Assoc Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Ryan, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31448, AI27757] NR 3 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 18 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9110 BP 1175 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)24016-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZJ483 UT WOS:000073220200012 PM 9643690 ER PT J AU Lindhorst, E Long, EG AF Lindhorst, E Long, EG TI Cyclospora: growing clinical importance of this intestinal protozoon pathogenic to humans SO DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA German DT Article ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; FOREIGN RESIDENTS; ORGANISM; INFECTION; NEPAL; CAYETANENSIS; OUTBREAK; AIDS; BODIES; STOOL C1 Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ, Chirurg Klin, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindhorst, E (reprint author), Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ, Chirurg Klin, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0012-0472 J9 DEUT MED WOCHENSCHR JI Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. PD APR 17 PY 1998 VL 123 IS 16 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1024002 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZK524 UT WOS:000073331400005 PM 9589025 ER PT J AU Smith, CJ Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Smith, CJ Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites by gamma-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ID URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE LEVELS; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; WORKERS; PAH; BENZOPYRENE; BIOMARKER; MIXTURES AB Using a modified micellar buffer consisting of gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), we have obtained separations of hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (hydroxyPAHs). These compounds are oxidative products of mammalian PAH metabolism. The analytes were detected with a commercial laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. A number of hydroxyPAH isomers could be separated by changes in gamma-CD concentration. Baseline resolution of 12 hydroxyPAHs was obtained using 30 mM berate, 60 mM SDS and 40 mM gamma-CD. The particular site substitution of the hydroxy group can produce changes in the hydroxyPAH fluorescence spectrum, and the effect of optical filter selection was studied for the LIF detection. The mass detection limits were in the (0.08-0.5)x10(-15) mol range. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the separation of metabolic products of PAHs (and several positional isomers) using gamma-CD and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Environm Hlth,Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Environm Hlth,Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 17 PY 1998 VL 803 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01233-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZK989 UT WOS:000073387800024 PM 9604334 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Franks, AL Marks, JS AF Dietz, WH Franks, AL Marks, JS TI The obesity problem SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 16 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 16 BP 1157 EP 1157 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZH080 UT WOS:000073070100018 PM 9547144 ER PT J AU Weston, A Wolff, MS Morabia, A AF Weston, A Wolff, MS Morabia, A TI True extended haplotypes of p53: Indicators of breast cancer risk SO CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Letter ID POLYMORPHISMS C1 CDC, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Hop Cantonal Geneva, Dept Med Commun, Div Clin Epidemiol, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland. RP Weston, A (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0165-4608 J9 CANCER GENET CYTOGEN JI Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZF819 UT WOS:000072936400014 PM 9546072 ER PT J AU Go, MF Cissell, L Graham, DY Parkinson, AJ AF Go, MF Cissell, L Graham, DY Parkinson, AJ TI Genetic characteristics of H-pylori isolates from a symptomatic Alaska native-population. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77211 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G0546 BP A134 EP A134 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089600543 ER PT J AU Gold, BD Khanna, B Newman, G Owens, M Harris, FL Smoot, D Brown, L AF Gold, BD Khanna, B Newman, G Owens, M Harris, FL Smoot, D Brown, L TI Nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are produced after Helicobacter pylori infection of cultured epithelial cells in vitro. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G4040 BP A986 EP A986 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)84014-6 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089604017 ER PT J AU Newman, GW Williams, B Adams, D Ngo, D Khanna, B Herman, L Gold, BD AF Newman, GW Williams, B Adams, D Ngo, D Khanna, B Herman, L Gold, BD TI Oral immunization of ferrets with Helicobacter pylori vaccine constructs decreases endoscopic and histologic H-mustelae-associated disease and bacterial load. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G4301 BP A1051 EP A1051 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)84274-1 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089604274 ER PT J AU Whitney, AE Guarner, J Hutwagner, L Gold, BD AF Whitney, AE Guarner, J Hutwagner, L Gold, BD TI Histopathological differences between Helicobacter pylori gastritis of children and adults. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 114 IS 4 SU S MA G1351 BP A331 EP A331 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)81341-3 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZH263 UT WOS:000073089601341 ER PT J AU Cartter, ML Barrett, NL Mayo, DR Egbertson, SH Ackman, D Kondracki, S Brady, G Leib, H Hennessy, ME Gallo, R Grady, L Smith, P Jenkins, S Woolard, D Linn, M Barrett, E Rullan, J Pearson, J Meisel, B Thorpe, C Young, P Regirer, BG Jones, S Gershonoff, P Altman, V Anderson, N Beecham, HJ Yund, AJ Weigner, MB Herbst, J Wiseman, BS Canas, LC AF Cartter, ML Barrett, NL Mayo, DR Egbertson, SH Ackman, D Kondracki, S Brady, G Leib, H Hennessy, ME Gallo, R Grady, L Smith, P Jenkins, S Woolard, D Linn, M Barrett, E Rullan, J Pearson, J Meisel, B Thorpe, C Young, P Regirer, BG Jones, S Gershonoff, P Altman, V Anderson, N Beecham, HJ Yund, AJ Weigner, MB Herbst, J Wiseman, BS Canas, LC CA WHO CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 1997-98 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 196-200, 1998). SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Connecticut Dept Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Connecticut State Lab, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Richmond, VA USA. Henrico Hlth Dist, Richmond, VA USA. Cty Long Term Care Facil, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Navy Med Clin, Pearl Harbor, HI USA. Project Gargle, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, State Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cartter, ML (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 15 BP 1155 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG133 UT WOS:000072969400010 ER PT J CA Assoc State Territ Publ Hlth Lab Direct CDC TI Update: HIV counseling and testing using rapid tests - United States, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 211-215, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 15 BP 1158 EP 1159 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG133 UT WOS:000072969400011 ER PT J AU Spearman, P Spring, M Moore, W Barry, M Minichiello, T Hadler, H AF Spearman, P Spring, M Moore, W Barry, M Minichiello, T Hadler, H CA WHO CDC TI Imported dracunculiasis - United States, 1995 and 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 209-211, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, WHO Collabor Ctr Res Train & Eradic Dracunculias, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spearman, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 15 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG133 UT WOS:000072969400012 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Selanikio, JD Hecdivert, C Placide, MF Louis, M Barr, DB Barr, JR Hospedales, CJ Lewis, MJ Schwartz, B Philen, RM St Victor, S Espindola, J Needham, LL Denerville, K AF O'Brien, KL Selanikio, JD Hecdivert, C Placide, MF Louis, M Barr, DB Barr, JR Hospedales, CJ Lewis, MJ Schwartz, B Philen, RM St Victor, S Espindola, J Needham, LL Denerville, K CA Acute Renal Failure Invest Team TI Epidemic of pediatric deaths from acute renal failure caused by diethylene glycol poisoning SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRUG AB Context.-Contaminated pharmaceutical products can result in substantial morbidity and mortality and should be included in the differential diagnosis of deaths of unknown origin. Objective.-To investigate an outbreak of deaths among children from acute renal failure in Haiti to determine the etiology and institute control measures. Design.-Case-control study, cohort study, and laboratory toxicologic evaluation. Setting.-Pediatric population of Haiti. Participants.-Cases were defined as Haitian residents younger than 18 years with idiopathic anuria or severe oliguria for 24 hours or longer, Febrile hospitalized children without renal failure were enrolled as control subjects. Main Outcome Measure.-The odds of exposure to suspected etiologic agents among cases and controls. Results.-We identified 109 cases of acute renal failure among children. The clinical syndrome included renal failure, hepatitis, pancreatitis, central nervous system impairment, coma, and death, Of 87 patients with follow-up information who remained in Haiti for treatment, 85 (98%) died; 3 (27%) of 11 patients transported to the United States for intensive care unit management died before hospital discharge. A locally manufactured acetaminophen syrup was highly associated with disease (odds ratio, 52.7; 95% confidence interval, 15.2-197.2), Diethylene glycol (DEG) was found in patients' bottles in a median concentration of 14.4%, The median estimated toxic dose of DEG was 1.34 mL/kg (range, 0.22-4.42 mL/kg). Glycerin, a raw material imported to Haiti and used in the acetaminophen formulation, was contaminated with 24% DEG. Conclusions.-An epidemic of severe systemic toxicity and deaths from DEG-contaminated acetaminophen syrup occurred in Haiti. Good manufacturing practice regulations should be used by all pharmaceutical manufacturers to prevent such tragedies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ & Populat, Port au Prince, Haiti. Univ Etat Haiti, Inst Haiten Enfance, Port au Prince, Haiti. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Port au Prince, Haiti. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 15 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 15 BP 1175 EP 1180 DI 10.1001/jama.279.15.1175 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG133 UT WOS:000072969400030 PM 9555756 ER PT J AU Birkhead, G Cartter, ML Facklam, R Gerber, MA Green, K Hierholzer, W Jarvis, W Kaplan, EL Levine, OS MacDonald, KL McGeer, A Schwartz, B Shulman, ST Stevens, D Yogev, R AF Birkhead, G Cartter, ML Facklam, R Gerber, MA Green, K Hierholzer, W Jarvis, W Kaplan, EL Levine, OS MacDonald, KL McGeer, A Schwartz, B Shulman, ST Stevens, D Yogev, R CA Working Grp Prevention Invasive Grp A Streptoc TI Prevention of invasive group A streptococcal disease among household contacts of case-patients - Is prophylaxis warranted? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; NURSING-HOME; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; PENICILLIN-V; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; PHARYNGITIS; ASSOCIATION; OUTBREAKS AB Objectives.-The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a Working Group in October 1995 to summarize the data regarding the risk of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease among household contacts of an index patient and the potential efficacy of chemoprophylaxis. This statement on chemoprophylaxis for prevention of subsequent cases among household contacts is intended for use by public health professionals and clinicians. Participants.-The CDC invited representatives of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and experts from academia to participate. Evidence.-Data on the transmission of GAS and risk factors for severe infection were considered. Population-based surveillance data were used to estimate the risk of invasive GAS disease among household contacts of a case patient. The potential efficacy of chemoprophylaxis was considered using estimates of the efficacy of various regimens in eradicating pharyngeal carriage. Consensus Process.-This document summarizes the data considered by the Working Group to develop its position. The consensus achieved by group discussion at the meeting was incorporated in a draft document, which was reviewed by all members and revised to include suggested changes. Conclusions.-The Working Group concluded that no definite recommendations can be made at this time regarding chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of persons with invasive GAS infection. More data are needed to assess the risk of subsequent cases and to determine an optimal regimen for chemoprophylaxis. Until such data are available, physicians and health departments should base decisions regarding chemoprophylaxis on their assessment of the risk associated with each individual case. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. State Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale New Haven Hosp, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 15 BP 1206 EP 1210 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG133 UT WOS:000072969400035 ER PT J AU Colson, YL Tripp, RA Doherty, PC Wren, SM Neipp, M El-Ezz, AYA Ildstad, ST AF Colson, YL Tripp, RA Doherty, PC Wren, SM Neipp, M El-Ezz, AYA Ildstad, ST TI Antiviral cytotoxic activity across a species barrier in mixed xenogeneic chimeras: Functional restriction to host MHC SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW CHIMERAS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; STEM-CELL ENGRAFTMENT; CD8(+) T-CELLS; TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE; SELF-RECOGNITION; NEGATIVE SELECTION; LYMPH-NODE; H-2; SPECIFICITY AB Reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with a mixture of mouse and rat bone marrow cells (mouse+rat-->mouse) results in mixed xenogeneic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance, The current study demonstrates that mouse and rat T lymphocytes that have developed in xenogeneic chimeras are restricted to Ag presentation by mouse, but not rat, APC, Restriction to host Ags results in functional immunocompetence with generation of antiviral cytotoxic activity in vivo, within and across species barriers, These data demonstrate for the first time that the host thymus is sufficient to support development and positive selection of functional cross-species T lymphocytes. The superior immunocompetence, as compared with fully xenogeneic (rat --> mouse) chimeras, may prove to be of significant benefit in the clinical application of xenotransplantation to solid organ transplantation and immune reconstitution for AIDS. C1 Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Inst Cellular Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38101 USA. RP Ildstad, ST (reprint author), Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Inst Cellular Therapeut, Broad & Vine St, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012; Doherty, Peter Charles/C-4185-2013; OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X; Doherty, Peter Charles/0000-0002-5028-3489; Wren, Sherry/0000-0002-5723-8226; Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI30615]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43901] NR 40 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 160 IS 8 BP 3790 EP 3796 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA ZG143 UT WOS:000072970400023 PM 9558082 ER PT J AU Rotz, LD Hensley, JA Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Rotz, LD Hensley, JA Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Public veterinary medicine: Public health - Large-scale human exposures to rabid or presumed rabid animals in the United States: 22 cases (1990-1996) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Objective-To identify common elements of large-scale human exposures to rabid or presumed rabid animals in the United States from 1990 to 1996, Design-Retrospective study. Procedure-Health departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia were contacted regarding episodes of large-scale human exposures to rabid animals occurring between 1990 and 1996. A large-scale exposure was defined as administration of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to 25 or more people after an exposure to a rabid or presumed rabid animal or littermates. Incident-specific information was obtained through questionnaires sent to states reporting episodes. Data are reported as medians. Results-Fifteen of 51 (29.4%) health departments reported 22 episodes; 72.7% involved companion animals or livestock. Twenty-six animals were involved in these 22 episodes, including 10 (38.5%) dogs, 4 (15.4%) livestock, 4 (15.4%) raccoons, 3 (11.5%) cats, 3 (11.5%) bats, and 2 (7.7%) ferrets. Schools (36.4%) and public places (22.7%) were the most common settings for exposures. Reportedly, 1,908 people received PEP. The cost for 10 episodes was $61,547/episode (range, $14,199 to $1,500,000). An episode-specific written algorithm for recommending PEP had been developed for use in only 4 (18.2%) episodes. Clinical Implications-large-scale exposures most commonly involved a single companion animal. Exposures attributable to improper handling of wildlife and unrestricted access of animals in schools and public areas can be potentially remedied by targeted education. Use of an episode-specific algorithm to determine need for PEP may also reduce the number of unnecessary treatments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Maryland, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rotz, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 8 BP 1198 EP 1200 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZH658 UT WOS:000073134100019 PM 9569151 ER PT J AU Wallace, BJ Brady, G Ackman, DM Wong, SJ Jacquette, G Lloyd, EE Birkhead, GS AF Wallace, BJ Brady, G Ackman, DM Wong, SJ Jacquette, G Lloyd, EE Birkhead, GS TI Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in New York SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; OUTDOOR WORKERS; INFECTION; COMMUNITY; RISK AB Background: Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), a potentially fatal tick-borne disease, was first described in the upper Midwest in 1994. Following reports of suspected cases of ehrlichiosis from New York physicians, descriptive and case-control studies were conducted to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors for HGE in New York residents. Methods: Descriptive data were gathered from surveillance and laboratory reports and hospital records. A confirmed case was defined as either (1) a 4-fold change in total antibody titer to Ehrlichia equi by indirect immunofluorescence or (2) a polymerase chain reaction assay positive for Ehrlichia phagocytophila/E equi group DNA. A probable case was defined as an acute febrile illness and either (1) a single E equi titer greater than or equal to 80 or (2) morulae on a peripheral blood smear. The case-control study included patients with confirmed HGE 18 years of age or older with the onset of disease in 1995 and 2 to 3 neighborhood-matched controls. Results: During 1994 and 1995, the New York State Department of Health, Albany, received reports of 241 residents who were tested for HGE; 30 met the confirmed case definition and 34 met the probable case definition. The median age of patients was 46 years (age range, 9-90 years), 35 (55%) were male, and 25 (45%) were hospitalized. Fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia were the most frequently reported symptoms. Fifty-six (88%) of the 64 patients resided in areas in which Lyme disease is hyperendemic. In the case-control analysis, cases were more likely than controls to have sustained a tick bite during 1995 (matched odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-49.8). Cases and controls did not differ by occupational exposure to ticks, underlying chronic diseases, or measures taken to prevent tick bites. Conclusions: This study, which, to our knowledge, is the first population-based study of HGE, demonstrates the recent recognition of HGE in the state of New York. Control measures should be integrated with those for Lyme disease and should focus on minimizing contact with ticks and obtaining early treatment for infection. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, New Rochelle, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Wallace, BJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Room 649,Corning Tower,Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 13 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 7 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.7.769 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZH209 UT WOS:000073083800011 PM 9554683 ER PT J AU Hengel, RL Kennedy, MS Steketee, RW Thea, DM Abrams, EJ Lambert, G McDougal, JS AF Hengel, RL Kennedy, MS Steketee, RW Thea, DM Abrams, EJ Lambert, G McDougal, JS CA New York City Perinatal HIV Transmission Coll TI Neutralizing antibody and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; CLINICAL STATUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; INFECTION; INFANTS; RISK AB The major immunologic determinants for perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remain largely unknown, The presence of maternal neutralizing antibodies has been proposed as an explanation for why the majority of infants born to untreated HIV-1-infected women do not become infected, Using maternal and infant specimens collected as part of a longitudinal cohort study of perinatal transmission in New York City between 1991 and 1995, we successfully obtained primary viral isolates from 10 of 20 perinatally nontransmitting (NTR) women, 14 of 20 perinatally transmitting (TR) women, and 13 of 13 of their HIV-1-infected infants, Neutralizing antibody titers were then determined using a titer reduction assay, TR and NTR women did not differ in their ability to neutralize autologous virus or laboratory strains LAI and MN, Infant viruses were not less sensitive to neutralization by maternal sera than autologous viruses, Similarly, TR and NTR isolates were neutralized equally well using a reference serum with broad neutralizing ability, Finally, a heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) was used to analyze the degree of viral homology within 13 TR maternal-infant pairs. In eight pairs, maternal and infant isolates were highly homologous, In five pairs, lesser degrees of homology were observed, consistent with perinatal transmission of a minor species, However, these isolates were no more or less resistant to maternal sera than were homologous isolates, Thus we found no association between the presence of neutralizing antibody in maternal sera as measured by a titer reduction neutralization (inactivation) assay and perinatal transmission of HIV-1. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR,Immunol Branch,US Publ Hlth Serv, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent,US Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,NCHSTP,DHAPSE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hengel, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR,Immunol Branch,US Publ Hlth Serv, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & Lab Res, MS-A25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR 10 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.475 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ZG357 UT WOS:000072993500002 PM 9566549 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP AF Oakley, GP TI Eat right and take a multivitamin SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELDERLY POPULATION; HOMOCYSTEINE; BENEFITS; FOLATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 9 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 15 BP 1060 EP 1061 DI 10.1056/NEJM199804093381509 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZG134 UT WOS:000072969500009 PM 9535672 ER PT J AU Cunningham, G Lorey, F Kling, S Soper, K Urso, F Harris, K Konopka, V Pass, K Choi, R AF Cunningham, G Lorey, F Kling, S Soper, K Urso, F Harris, K Konopka, V Pass, K Choi, R TI Mortality among children with sickle cell disease identified by newborn screening during 1990-1994 - California, Illinois, and New York (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 169-172, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Assessment & Screening, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. CDC, Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cunningham, G (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 14 BP 1059 EP 1060 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZF216 UT WOS:000072875300010 ER PT J AU Vuthipongse, P Bhadrakom, C Chaisilwattana, P Roongpisuthipong, A Chalermchokcharoenkit, A Chearskul, S Wanprapa, N Chokephaibulkit, K Tuchinda, M Wasi, C Chuachoowong, R Siriwasin, W Chinayon, P Asavapiriyanont, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Waranawat, N Sangtaweesin, V Horpaopan, S AF Vuthipongse, P Bhadrakom, C Chaisilwattana, P Roongpisuthipong, A Chalermchokcharoenkit, A Chearskul, S Wanprapa, N Chokephaibulkit, K Tuchinda, M Wasi, C Chuachoowong, R Siriwasin, W Chinayon, P Asavapiriyanont, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Waranawat, N Sangtaweesin, V Horpaopan, S CA HIV AIDS Collaboration TI Administration of zidovudine during late pregnancy and delivery to prevent perinatal HIV transmission - Thailand, 1996-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 151-154, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Bangkok, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vuthipongse, P (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 14 BP 1061 EP 1062 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZF216 UT WOS:000072875300012 ER PT J AU Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Mines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S Jackson-Thompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselage, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M AF Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Mines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S Jackson-Thompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselage, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M CA CDC TI Self-assessed health status and selected behavioral risk factors among persons with and without health-care coverage - United States, 1994-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 176-180, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durham, J (reprint author), CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 14 BP 1063 EP 1063 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZF216 UT WOS:000072875300013 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Holmes, A Esteban, E Rubin, C Brody, DJ AF Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Holmes, A Esteban, E Rubin, C Brody, DJ TI Prevalence of hearing loss among children 6 to 19 years of age - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB Context.-Hearing loss in children influences the development of communication and behavioral skills, but few studies in the United States have used pure-tone audiometry to derive hearing loss prevalence estimates for children. Objective.-To describe the prevalence of hearing loss among US children by sociodemographic characteristics, reported hearing loss, and audiometric screening factors. Design.-National population-based cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and audiometric testing at 0.5 to 8 kHz. Setting/Participants.-A total of 6166 children aged 6 to 19 years completed audiometry in the mobile examination center of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. Main Outcome Measure.-Hearing loss, defined as audiometric threshold values of at least 16-dB hearing level based on a low or high pure-tone average. Results.-A total of 14.9% of children had low-frequency or high-frequency hearing loss of at least 16-dB hearing level, 7.1% had low-frequency hearing loss of at least 16-dB hearing level, and 12.7% had high-frequency hearing loss of at least 16-dB hearing level, Most hearing loss was unilateral and slight in severity (16- to 25-dB hearing level), Of those with measured hearing loss, 10.8% were reported to have current hearing loss during the interview. Conclusions.-This analysis indicates that 14.9% of US children have low-frequency or high-frequency hearing loss of at least 16-dB hearing level in 1 or both ears, Among children in elementary, middle, and high school, audiometric screening should include low-frequency and high-frequency testing to detect hearing loss. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 161 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 14 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1001/jama.279.14.1071 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZF216 UT WOS:000072875300030 PM 9546565 ER PT J AU Kool, JL Warwick, MC Pruckler, JM Brown, EW Butler, JC AF Kool, JL Warwick, MC Pruckler, JM Brown, EW Butler, JC TI Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease at a bar after basement flooding SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth & Hosp, St Louis, MO USA. RP Kool, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Kool, Jacob/0000-0002-9605-2918 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 4 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 9108 BP 1030 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78996-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZF730 UT WOS:000072927200017 PM 9546513 ER PT J AU Lerma, JGG Heneine, W AF Lerma, JGG Heneine, W TI Quantification of HIV-1 viral load by the measurement of reverse transcriptase activity SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CHILD TRANSMISSION; PCR ASSAY; RNA QT; PLASMA; INFECTION; MONITOR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lerma, JGG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,619, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/A PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD APR 4 PY 1998 VL 110 IS 12 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZL584 UT WOS:000073449000004 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program November 29, 1997 SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, CDC, PHS, HHS,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, PHS, HHS,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZL312 UT WOS:000073420000012 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Rodriguez, C Calle, EE Tatham, LM Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Rodriguez, C Calle, EE Tatham, LM Flanders, WD TI Family history score as a predictor of breast cancer mortality: Prospective data from the Cancer Prevention Study II, United States, 1982-1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; cohort studies; family characteristics; family history score; genetics ID RISK-FACTORS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; AGE; POPULATION; ONSET; DISEASE; BRCA1; IDENTIFICATION; INDICATOR; MUTATIONS AB A consistent predictor of a woman's risk for breast cancer is a family history of the disease. Most studies of family history and breast cancer have used the number of affected relatives in the family to calculate relative risk, but they have not considered the heterogeneity of the familial risk for breast cancer in a systematic way. With the use of data from a large prospective mortality study of US adults, the authors compared simple classification of family history of breast cancer (yes/no) to the method of using a quantitative family history score method, which takes into account the effects of family structure, age, and birth cohort as predictors of breast cancer mortality. After 9 years of follow-up, 1,428 cases of fatal breast cancer were observed among 453,073 women with complete information on number and age of siblings and family history. With the use of the family history score, about one-third of women with a positive family history of breast cancer were at no higher risk for breast cancer mortality than those without a family history of the disease. As a quantitative measure of relative risk for each family, family history score gave a better fit to the data, and it provided an incremental improvement of predictive accuracy of developing fatal breast cancer. Family history score can also be used as a categorical variable to stratify families. This allows researchers to focus on which risk groups would benefit from conducting further genetic analysis and to test the effects of genetic factors, environmental exposure, and gene-environment interactions on the etiology of the development of breast cancer. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Off Gene & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Natl Home Off, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), NCEH, BDDD, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MSF F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 147 IS 7 BP 652 EP 659 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZF011 UT WOS:000072853800006 PM 9554604 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, LE Biagini, RE Ward, EM Hull, RD Deddens, JA Boeniger, MF Schnorr, TM MacKenzie, BA Luster, MI AF Pinkerton, LE Biagini, RE Ward, EM Hull, RD Deddens, JA Boeniger, MF Schnorr, TM MacKenzie, BA Luster, MI TI Immunologic findings among lead-exposed workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lead; immune system; CD4+ T lymphocyte; immunoglobulins ID CELLULAR IMMUNE FUNCTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; HEALTH AB A comprehensive panel of immune parameters was evaluated among 145 lead-exposed workers with a median blood lead level (BLL) of 39 mu g/dL (range: 15-55 mu g/dL) and 84 unexposed workers. After adjusting for covariates, we found no major differences in the percentage of CD3+ cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, or NK cells between lead-exposed and unexposed workers, although the association between lead exposure and the number of CD4+ T cells was modified by age. We also found no differences between exposed and unexposed workers in serum immunoglobulin levels, salivary IgA, C3 complement levels, or lymphoproliferative responses. However among exposed workers, the percentage and number of B cells were positively associated with current BLL, serum IgG was negatively associated with cumulative lead exposure, and the percentage and number of CD4+/CD45RA+ cells were positively associated with cumulative lead exposure. We found no evidence of a marked immunotoxic effect of lead at the exposure levels studied, although some subtle differences in immunologic parameters were noted. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pinkerton, LE (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<400::AID-AJIM11>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YZ546 UT WOS:000072264900011 PM 9513648 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Anderson, RL Arduino, MJ Bond, WW AF Manangan, LP Anderson, RL Arduino, MJ Bond, WW TI Sanitary care and maintenance of ice-storage chests and ice-making machines in health care facilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB In response to a reported hospital outbreak traced to the use of contaminated ice in 1968, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed an advisory regarding the sanitary care and maintenance of ice-storage chests and ice-making machines. CDC has revised this unpublished advisory several times during the years to respond to requests for guidance from infection control professionals. Because CDC continues to receive inquiries about this topic from infection control professionals, this advisory is being published. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)80030-8 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA ZH914 UT WOS:000073160400004 PM 9584804 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Olney, RS Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Mastroiacovo, P AF Botto, LD Olney, RS Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Mastroiacovo, P TI (Mis)classifying limb deficiencies: Reply to "Academicians are more likely to share each other's toothbrush than each other's nomenclature (Cohen, 1982)" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID REDUCTION DEFECTS; VASCULAR PATHOGENESIS; VILLUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, Rome, Italy. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 359 EP 360 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980401)76:4<359::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-N PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ZD076 UT WOS:000072649000013 PM 9545102 ER PT J AU Holman, PB Harris, JR Isham, GJ Smith, M AF Holman, PB Harris, JR Isham, GJ Smith, M TI Prevention in managed care: Joining forces for value and quality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Managed Care, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Partners, Minneapolis, MN USA. Calif Healthcare Fdn, Oakland, CA USA. Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, Menlo Park, CA USA. RP Holman, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Managed Care, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS D33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00052-4 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700001 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Caldwell, B Cahill, K AF Harris, JR Caldwell, B Cahill, K TI Measuring the public's health in an era of accountability: Lessons from HEDIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention in Managed Care - Joining Forces for Value and Quality CY JAN 15-16, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Mail Stop D-01, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700004 PM 9566931 ER PT J AU Stone, EM Bailit, MH Greenberg, MS Janes, GR AF Stone, EM Bailit, MH Greenberg, MS Janes, GR TI Comprehensive health data systems spanning the public-private divide: The Massachusetts experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention in Managed Care - Joining Forces for Value and Quality CY JAN 15-16, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE information systems; health care quality assurance; health care outcome and process assessment AB As system of health care delivery have evolved from claims-based fee-for-service to capitated or managed care, with its emphasis on cost-effectiveness, quality, and performance measurement, some states have begun to experiment with new ways to collect, organize, and share health information. In many cases, the drivers of these changes have been purchases of health care, including large and small private employers nad public agencies such as Medicaid. One of the results of these changes is the increased interest in the sharing of health information, between health plans and employers, and in some instances, between private plans and public agencies such as public health. Massachusetts, which has one of the highest rates of managed care collection and utilization of health information, to craft agreements on standards and protocols that will allow the sharing of health data. While much of the activity involves business transactions between private sector health plans, the Department of Medical Assistance (Medicaid) has joined with its private sector purchasing partners in demanding cost-effective, high-quality care; it is these demands that have helped stimulate the need to reorganise previously proprietary health information systems. The activities of two public-private coalitions, the Massachusetts Healthcare Purchaser Group and the Massachusetts Health Data Consortium, have been critical in initiating and supporting the complex processes that have led to significant changes in state-based systems of health information. (C) 1998 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Bailit Hlth Purchasing, Needham, MA 02192 USA. Massachusetts Hlth Data Consortium Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Janes, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00045-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700009 PM 9566936 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, DJ Santelli, JS AF Zimmerman, DJ Santelli, JS TI School and adolescent health and managed care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention in Managed Care - Joining Forces for Value and Quality CY JAN 15-16, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE managed care programs; school health services; school-age population; student health services; adolescence; adolescent health services ID SERVICES AB Background: The current rapid expansion of managed care in the United States creates opportunities and dilemmas for improving adolescent health. Collaboration among managed care organizations, schools, and public health agencies increasingly is critical to adequately address the health needs of youth and to increase adolescent access to effective prevention services. Results: This paper discusses exigencies that schools and adolescent health care providers are facing, the relationship of managed care to public health, and the implications of managed care for-adolescent health promotion, To illustrate some of these issues, we describe a unique collaborative relationship between HealthPartners, a managed care organization in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Health Start, a nonprofit organization based in St. Paul, Minnesota, that manages the eight school-based health centers in the St. Paul Public Schools. (C) 1998 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Evaluat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Partners, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Evaluat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K33,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00047-0 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700012 PM 9566939 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ Cummins, SK Tips, NM Rosenblum, LS AF Jackson, RJ Cummins, SK Tips, NM Rosenblum, LS TI Preventing childhood lead poisoning: The challenge of change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention in Managed Care - Joining Forces for Value and Quality CY JAN 15-16, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE lead; lead poisoning; children; environmental exposure; hazardous substances AB Because of their rapid growth, immature biologic systems, and their developmental characteristics, children are uniquely vulnerable to exposure to environmental hazards. One of these is lead, Revised lead screening guidelines, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Fall 1997, no longer advocate universal screening in some places, These guidelines will (I) require new policies from local public health agencies, (2) require new approaches for clinicians and managed care organizations, especially those with Medicaid-recipient enrollees, to conduct screening of children who may be at risk for exposure to lead, (3) offer new challenges for environmental follow-up to children identified with elevated lead levels, and (4) provide opportunities for collaboration between managed care and public health agencies. (C) 1998 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Tips, NM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00048-2 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700016 PM 9566943 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, F TI Diabetes mellitus and asthma: "Twin" challenges for public health and managed care systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention in Managed Care - Joining Forces for Value and Quality CY JAN 15-16, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE health care systems; asthma; diabetes mellitus; public health; managed care programs; economics ID UNITED-STATES; INSULIN; TIMES AB Many changes are rapidly occurring in and to health care systems in the United States. These changes reflect fundamental concerns about issues of access, quality of care, and cost of health services. The emergence of chronic diseases, the importance of economic considerations in health decisions; and the proper role of managed care organizations (MCOs) are of particular significance. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and asthma are two conditions that are frequently used as "model diseases" to study the impact of these changes. In spite of apparent differences between asthma and DM, there are, in fact, many important commonalities that explain the attention being directed to these diseases. In considering basic tenets, objectives, and approaches, MCOs and public health systems also have very common interests and characteristics. In understanding the impact of the many emerging health care concepts and approaches on DM and asthma, public health and MCOs can be better positioned not only to understand each other, but, also to subsequently address other important chronic diseases, injury-related disorders, and behavioral/emotional conditions in an effective and efficient manner. (C) 1998 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00049-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700017 PM 9566944 ER PT J AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D TI Community solutions to violence: A Minnesota managed care action plan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Satcher, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 SU S BP 98 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00036-6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA ZG459 UT WOS:000073004700019 PM 9566946 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Rochat, RW Thompson, BL Berg, CJ Griffin, GW AF Dietz, PM Rochat, RW Thompson, BL Berg, CJ Griffin, GW TI Differences in the risk of homicide and other fatal injuries between postpartum women and other women of childbearing age: Implications for prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL DEATH AB Objectives. This study compared injury deaths between postpartum women and other women aged 15 to 44. Methods. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for injury fatality rates. Results. Fifty percent (29/58) of postpartum injury deaths were homicides, compared with 26% (427/1648) of injury deaths among nonpregnant, postpartum women. For females aged 15 to 19, the homicide rate was 2.6 times higher (95% CI=1.17, 5.95) for postpartum females than for other females. The motor-vehicle fatality rate was lower for postpartum females than for nonpregnant, non-postpartum females (risk ratio=0.30, CI=0.18, 0.48). Conclusions. Postpartum females aged 15 to 19 years were at higher risk of homicide. Postpartum women were at reduced risk of motor-vehicle fatalities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Off Perinatal Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, MS K-35,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 7 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.4.641 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT681 UT WOS:000074113900021 PM 9551008 ER PT J AU Wismer, BA Moskowitz, JM Chen, AM Kang, SH Novotny, TE Min, K Lew, R Tager, IB AF Wismer, BA Moskowitz, JM Chen, AM Kang, SH Novotny, TE Min, K Lew, R Tager, IB TI Rates and independent correlates of Pap smear testing among Korean-American women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study reports population estimates of Pap smear testing among Korean-American women and evaluates correlates of testing. Methods. Korean Americans in 2 California counties were surveyed by telephone. Frequencies were age adjusted to the 1990 census to produce population estimates of testing. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate independent correlates of testing. Results. Only 50% of the Korean-American women surveyed had a Pap test in the previous 2 years. The strongest independent correlate was having had a regular check-up in the previous 2 years (odds ratio 7.2, 95% confidence interval 4.2, 12.1). Conclusions. Rates of Pap testing among Korean-American women are well below national objectives. Collaboration and community-sensitive research are essential to collect data and design programs to improve the health of ethnic minority communities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Asian Hlth Serv, Oakland, CA USA. Alameda Cty Hlth Care Serv Agcy, Dept Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Asian Pacific Community Hlth Org, Oakland, CA USA. RP Wismer, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU909706] NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.4.656 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT681 UT WOS:000074113900026 PM 9551013 ER PT J AU Fintor, L Brown, M Fischer, R Suleiman, O Garlinghouse, C Camburn, J Frazier, E Houn, F AF Fintor, L Brown, M Fischer, R Suleiman, O Garlinghouse, C Camburn, J Frazier, E Houn, F TI The impact of mammography quality improvement legislation in Michigan: Implications for the national mammography quality standards act SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FACILITIES; ASSURANCE AB Objectives. This study examined the impact of state legislation on mammography quality and access in Michigan. Methods. The impact of state legislation was analyzed with respect to utilization, numbers of machines and facilities, and image quality. Results. The legislation had a positive effect on image quality improvement, had no impact on utilization by women aged 50 years and above, and resulted in few facility closures. Conclusions. Michigan's legislative intervention appears to have had a positive effect on efforts to improve mammography quality assurance with implications for other federal and state efforts to achieve quality assurance in health care delivery. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Div Mammog Qual & Radiat Programs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan Dept Consumer & Ind Serv, Bur Hlth Syst, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fintor, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Consortium Hlth Outcomes Innovat & Costeffectiven, 1904 Clin Fac Off Bldg,1414 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 667 EP 671 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.4.667 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZT681 UT WOS:000074113900029 PM 9551016 ER PT J AU Cantwell, MF McKenna, M McCray, E Onorato, IM AF Cantwell, MF McKenna, M McCray, E Onorato, IM TI Tuberculosis and race/ethnicity in the United States - Impact of socioeconomic status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Despite the long-standing observation that tuberculosis (TB) case rates are higher among racial and ethnic minorities than whites in the United States (U.S.), the proportion of this increased risk attributable to socioeconomic status (SES) has not been determined. Values for six SES indicators (crowding, income, poverty, public assistance, unemployment, and education) were assigned to U.S. TB cases reported from 1987-1993 by ZIP code-and demographic-specific matching to 1990 U.S. Census data. TB risk between racial/ethnic groups was then evaluated by quartile for each SES indicator utilizing univariate and Poisson multivariate analyses. Relative risk (RR) of TB increased with lower SES quartile for all six SES indicators on univariate analysis (RRs 2.6-5.6 in the lowest versus highest quartiles). The same trend was observed in multivariate models containing individual SES indicators (RRs 1.8-2.5) and for three SES indicators (crowding, poverty, and education) in the model containing all six indicators. Tuberculosis risk increased uniformly between SES quartile for each indicator except crowding, where risk was concentrated in the lowest quartile. Adjusting for SES accounted for approximately half of the increased risk of TB associated with race/ethnicity among U.S.-born blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Even more of this increased risk was accounted for in the final model, which also adjusted for interaction between crowding and race/ethnicity. SES impacts TB incidence via both a strong direct effect of crowding, manifested predominantly in overcrowded settings, and a TB-SES health gradient, manifested at all SES levels. SES accounts for much of the increased risk of TB previously associated with race/ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Onorato, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 157 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1020 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZG643 UT WOS:000073024500003 PM 9563713 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Fritz, CL Rutstein, D Yolwa, A Vorndam, V Gubler, DJ AF Savage, HM Fritz, CL Rutstein, D Yolwa, A Vorndam, V Gubler, DJ TI Epidemic of dengue-4 virus in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia, and implication of Aedes Hensilli as an epidemic vector SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; FEVER; INFECTION; PACIFIC AB A dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) outbreak in Yap State caused by dengue-4 virus was confirmed serologically and by virus isolation from serum samples collected on each of three island groups. Most DF/DHF cases occurred during a three-month period between mid-May and early August 1995. Five fatal cases, three of which were in children between the ages of four and 11, occurred between June 20 and July 26. A serosurvey conducted in late August revealed anti-dengue IgM prevalence rates of 18% on Yap, 36% on Eauripik, and 6% on Woleai. The majority of residents (93-100%) on the three islands were positive for anti-dengue IgG antibodies, indicating widespread exposure to dengue viruses. The IgG titers indicative of secondary antibody response were noted on Eauripik (6.5%) and Woleai (17%). but were rare on Yap (0.7%). Entomologic investigations implicated the native mosquito species, Aedes hensilli, a member of the Scutellaris Group of Aedes (Stegomyia), as a previously unrecognized epidemic vector of dengue viruses. Aedes hensilli was the most abundant and widespread member of Ae. (Stegomyia) in Yap State, the only species of Ae. (Stegomyia) on Woleai, and the only mosquito species present on Eauripik. New distribution records for mosquito species are reported. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZK139 UT WOS:000073289300022 PM 9574802 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Johnson, JM Ksiazek, TG Ellis, BA Rollin, PE Yates, TL Minn, MO Johnson, MR Campbell, ML Miyashiro, J Patrick, M Zyzak, M Lavender, D Novak, MG Schmidt, K Peters, CJ Childs, JE AF Mills, JN Johnson, JM Ksiazek, TG Ellis, BA Rollin, PE Yates, TL Minn, MO Johnson, MR Campbell, ML Miyashiro, J Patrick, M Zyzak, M Lavender, D Novak, MG Schmidt, K Peters, CJ Childs, JE TI A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States National Parks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS; RODENTS; INFECTION; ILLNESS; USA AB Hantavirus activity in 39 National Parks in the eastern and central United States was surveyed by testing 1,815 small mammals of 38 species for antibody reactive to Sin Nombre virus. Antibody-positive rodents were found throughout the area sampled, and in most biotic communities. Antibody was detected in 7% of 647 deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), 2% of 590 white-footed mice (P. leucopus), 17% of 12 rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), 3% of 31 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and 33% of 18 western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Antibody was also found in three of six species of voles, and in one of 33 chipmunks (Tamias minimus). Prevalence among Peromyscus was highest in the northeast. Although few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been identified from the eastern and central regions, widespread infection in reservoir populations indicates that potential exists for human infection throughout much of the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Poulsbo, WA USA. Wildlife Vet Resources, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. Penn State Univ, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 525 EP 532 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZK139 UT WOS:000073289300023 PM 9574803 ER PT J AU Armstrong, D Barnett, E Casper, M Wing, S AF Armstrong, D Barnett, E Casper, M Wing, S TI Community occupational structure, medical and economic resources, and coronary mortality among US blacks and whites, 1980-1988 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; minorities; community health ID HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; DECLINE; ONSET; URBANIZATION; SEGREGATION; TRENDS AB PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county occupational structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five occupational structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality races (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each occupational structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35-64 years, in the U.S. during 1980-88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across occupational structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of occupational structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with occupational structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with occupational structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol, SPH, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. W Virginia Univ, Prevent Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Armstrong, D (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Epidemiol, SPH, 1 Univ Pl,Rm 155, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. RI Pathak, Elizabeth/H-2683-2013 OI Pathak, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9702-0782 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 184 EP 191 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZD084 UT WOS:000072649800007 PM 9549004 ER PT J CA CDC TI AIDS among persons aged >= 50 years - United States, 1991-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pgs 36-38, 1998) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID OLDER RP Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0003-987X EI 1538-3652 J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 134 IS 4 BP 521 EP 522 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA ZG877 UT WOS:000073049000029 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Starnes, D Dini, EF Chambliss, JW Chaney, M AF LeBaron, CW Starnes, D Dini, EF Chambliss, JW Chaney, M TI The impact of interventions by a community-based organization on inner-city vaccination coverage - Fulton County, Georgia, 1992-1993 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; STRATEGIES; MEASLES; INFANTS; CARE AB Objective: To evaluate the impact of interventions by a community-based organization on immunization rates. Design: Controlled community intervention trial. Setting and Participants: Children aged 3 to 59 months in Fulton County, Georgia, who were patients of 1 of 4 public clinics (clinic based), or residents of 1 of 9 inner-city communities (residence based). Interventions: (1) Clinic-based intervention included monthly review of clinic vaccination records to identify undervaccinated children followed by contact with family (reminder-recall strategy); (3) residence-based intervention included door-to-door assessment and education campaigns followed by mobile van vaccinations, temporary on-site vaccination stations, free child care and transportation to providers, incentives of food and baby products, focus groups, and coalitions with local organizations (community saturation with vaccination messages and opportunities). Outcome Measures: Change in vaccination rates after 1 year based on clinic record reviews and population surveys. Results: For clinic-based intervention, series completion rates improved from 43% (87/204) to 58% (99/170) in intervention clinics (P=.003), while rates in control clinics did not change from the baseline of 52% (81/157 to 78/150), for a net difference between intervention and control arms of +15 percentage points (P=.046). For residence-based intervention, age-appropriate vaccination rates improved from 44% (154/347) to 61% (260/429) in intervention communities (+17 percentage points; P<.001) compared with improvement of 44% (78/178) to 58% (129/221) for control communities (+14 percentage points; P=.004), but the difference between arms was not significant (+3 percentage points, P=.78). Conclusions: Reminder-recall activities by the community-based organization improved vaccination rates in intervention clinics compared with control clinics. A statistically significant impact on vaccination rates could not be detected for residence-based interventions by the community-based organization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EMSTAR Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cel3@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 152 IS 4 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZH194 UT WOS:000073082300003 PM 9559706 ER PT J AU Geller, AC Robinson, J Silverman, S Wyatt, SA Shifrin, D Koh, HK AF Geller, AC Robinson, J Silverman, S Wyatt, SA Shifrin, D Koh, HK TI Do pediatricians counsel families about sun protection? A Massachusetts survey SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SKIN-CANCER; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; SUNSCREEN USE; CHILDHOOD; PREVENTION; PHYSICIANS; EXPOSURE; BEHAVIOR; NEWBORNS; RISK AB Background: Pediatric visits during summer months may be especially opportune times for sun protection counseling for children and their parents. Few data exist on the extent of such counseling. Objective: To begin to assess this, we surveyed practicing Massachusetts pediatricians to examine current attitudes and practices of sun protection counseling. Design and Setting: Surveys mailed to Massachusetts pediatricians. Results: We received surveys from 756 (60%) of 1263 eligible Massachusetts pediatricians. Almost 70% indicated that they recommended safe sun practices to more than 50% of their patients and their parents during the summer months. Counseling regarding seat belt use, bicycle helmet use, and smoking prevention were ranked higher in priority than sun protection counseling by pediatricians: nutritional guidelines were noted by pediatricians to be a parent's most frequent concern. Four variables were independently associated with a practitioner's providing safe sun recommendations to more than 50% of parents and children: (1) private setting and health maintenance organization practitioners as opposed to academic physicians, (2) high ranking of patients' safe sun knowledge, (3) high priorities of both parents and physicians for sun protection counseling and parental knowledge of safe sun practices relative to other recommendations, and (4) pediatrician interest in receiving instructional materials. Conclusions: For the most part, summer sun protection counseling among Massachusetts tts pediatricians seems well integrated into standard practice. Most pediatricians rated their confidence level as high for discussing sun protection and only a few cited inadequate training or poor reimbursement as barriers toward improved counseling. Small steps, such as providing more instructional materials to patients and using office-based reminder systems, may improve the quality of sun protection counseling practices. Incorporating sunburn prevention into the list of routinely recommended injury prevention guidelines for pediatricians should be considered. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Canc Prevent & Control Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL USA. Amer Canc Soc, Massachusetts Div, Framingham, MA USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Geller, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Canc Prevent & Control Ctr, DOB 801A,80 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU5II453-02] NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 152 IS 4 BP 372 EP 376 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ZH194 UT WOS:000073082300011 PM 9559714 ER PT J AU LaBeau, KM Simon, M Steindel, SJ AF LaBeau, KM Simon, M Steindel, SJ TI Clinical laboratory test menu changes in the Pacific Northwest: 1994 to 1996 SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIAN AB Laboratory testing services are presently undergoing dynamic changes in response to a wide range of external factors. Government regulations, reimbursement, and managed care are only a few of the influences affecting the availability of testing services and on-site testing capabilities in hospital, independent, and physician office laboratories. Medical practice changes, marketplace influences, test technologies, and costs also play a role in determining where testing is being performed. To better understand the factors influencing clinical laboratory test volumes and menus and to identify on-site testing deemed essential in physician office laboratories, we gathered information from a network of clinical laboratories in the Pacific Northwest. Questionnaires were sent to 257 Laboratory Medicine Sentinel Monitoring Network participants in March 1996. In the past 2 years, changes in on-site test volumes and test menus have been primarily due to medical practice changes and marketplace influences. When laboratories had a decrease in test volumes or test menu choices, the size of the patient workload and the volumes of test orders have had the greatest impact. Laboratory regulations and managed care contracts have played a role in shifting on-site testing to outside sources; however, these factors did not appear to be primary influences. Only 5% of physician office laboratories identified tests that they believed were essential for optimal patient care but did not perform on-site. C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Lab Qual Assurance, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch MS G23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP LaBeau, KM (reprint author), Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Lab Qual Assurance, 1610 NE 150th St, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. FU PHS HHS [U47/CCU011447] NR 7 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 44 IS 4 BP 833 EP 838 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZG209 UT WOS:000072978100017 PM 9554496 ER EF