FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU OEY, LY AF OEY, LY TI EDDY-FORCED AND WIND-FORCED SHELF CIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; MEXICO; MODEL; GULF AB Cochrane and Kelly (1986) proposed a cyclonic gyre as the large-scale mean circulation on the Louisiana-Texas (LATEX) shelf, produced by a convergence of coastal currents in the west and a divergence in the east. While currents near the coast are presumably wind and buoyancy driven, the origin of the eastward flow on the outer shelf and shelf break, which forms the seaward limb of the gyre, as well as the nearshore convergence and divergence, are not well understood. A numerical model is used to show that the western convergence and shelf break current are driven by collision and stalling of westward propagating Loop Current eddies in the northwest Gulf of Mexico and the divergence in the east is caused by shoreward intrusion in the Mississippi Canyon. The western convergence and shelf break current are modulated by the wind curl, strongest in summer and weakest in winter. On the shelf, westward transport is comparable to that observed (similar to 0.15 Sv, 1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) only when the westward wind stress is significant (>0.3 dyn cm(-2)). A peak transport of 0.21 to 0.25 Sv occurs in autumn, of which 0.1 Sv is due to wind, 0.07 Sv is due to river buoyancy, and 0.04 to 0.08 Sv is due to eddies. Without the mean westward wind, buoyant waters from the Mississippi do not spread onto the LATEX shelf. RP OEY, LY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,SAYRE HALL,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C5 BP 8621 EP 8637 DI 10.1029/95JC00785 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QY345 UT WOS:A1995QY34500009 ER PT J AU ENFIELD, DB HARRIS, JE AF ENFIELD, DB HARRIS, JE TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF TROPICAL PACIFIC SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT VARIABILITY - TIDE GAUGES VERSUS THE NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER DATA-ASSIMILATING OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL, 1982-1992 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL CURRENTS; WINDS AB To help assess the effectiveness of the model-based analysis and prediction procedures at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), we compare the seasonal and nonseasonal components of sea level from 44 tide gauges in the tropical Pacific with those of the dynamic heights output by two 11-year model reanalyses (1982-1992) at the same locations, which differ mainly in their wind forcing. Both reanalyses assimilate ocean thermal data and incorporate most of the procedures used by NMC in producing operational ocean analyses and experimental coupled model climate forecasts. The reanalyses reproduce the broad patterns of annual amplitude and phase and of seasonal and nonseasonal variance, except for severe underestimates along the eastern boundary, especially north of the equator. The annual cycles and interannual departures of zonal flow indices estimated from selected island pairs near the dateline show good correspondence for the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and somewhat flawed and noisy comparisons for the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and South Equatorial Current(SEC). The reanalyses also reproduce the large-scale time and space patterns of nonseasonal variability in the first three empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs); which together explain about 65% of the anomalous variability and characterize the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle. The first two EOF modes describe the westward migration of three ENSO episodes, and the third mode appears to capture differences between episodes. However, the reanalysis based on the anomalous winds generated by the NMC medium-range forecast model shows significant discrepancies in the large-scale spatial and temporal variability. These discrepancies disappear in the reanalysis based on departures of the Florida State University analyzed wind fields. Hence the wind forcing critically affects the reanalysis in spite of the assimilation of ocean thermal data. Future improvements in the atmospheric model to produce a more realistic evolution of the wind field can therefore lead to significantly better model integrations in the analysis and initialization mode (with data assimilation) as well as in the coupled model forecast mode. RP ENFIELD, DB (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C5 BP 8661 EP 8675 DI 10.1029/95JC00752 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QY345 UT WOS:A1995QY34500012 ER PT J AU XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S AF XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S TI EFFECT OF GRAIN-SIZE ON SCRATCH DAMAGE AND HARDNESS OF ALUMINA SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP XU, HHK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 10 BP 736 EP 739 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA RA961 UT WOS:A1995RA96100016 ER PT J AU CHRISTIDES, C ERWIN, RW NIARCHOS, D AF CHRISTIDES, C ERWIN, RW NIARCHOS, D TI OBSERVATION OF MAGNETIC SPIN CORRELATIONS IN THE LUFE10MO2 ALLOY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FEXCR1-X; BEHAVIOR AB Results of magnetic, medium-resolution neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on a polycrystalline LuFe10Mo2 intermetallic alloy show that ferromagnetic (FM) interactions exist between 5 and 325 K, but finite magnetic spin correlations emerge in the examined temperature range. It is observed that in zero applied magnetic field there is no well defined critical point T-c indicating a transition from a paramagnetic to a long-range ordered magnetic phase. A linear variation of magnetization as a function of T-3/2 remarkably persists up to a temperature that is a large fraction of the T-c for the LuFe12-xMox alloys. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHRISTIDES, C (reprint author), NATL CTR SCI RES DEMOKRITOS,INST MAT SCI,GR-15310 AGIA PARASKEVI A,GREECE. OI NIARCHOS, DIMITRIOS/0000-0002-6256-7497 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 7 IS 20 BP 3937 EP 3948 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/7/20/013 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QZ440 UT WOS:A1995QZ44000013 ER PT J AU LILLY, D DAVIESJONES, R AF LILLY, D DAVIESJONES, R TI INVITATION TO CONTRIBUTE TO GAL-CHEN MEMORIAL ISSUE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP LILLY, D (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1537 EP 1537 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC364 UT WOS:A1995RC36400001 ER PT J AU MURPHY, DM GARY, BL AF MURPHY, DM GARY, BL TI MESOSCALE TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS AND POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURES; NITRIC-ACID; DENITRIFICATION; AIRCRAFT; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Remote sensing measurements of temperature fluctuations on isentropic surfaces, as well as in situ measurements, are used to show that even high-resolution trajectory calculations seriously underestimate the rate of change of temperature experienced by air parcels. Rapid temperature fluctuations will affect the nucleation of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) droplets and could promote the formation of metastable phases in PSCs. Mesoscale temperature fluctuations are large enough to produce significant departures from equilibrium in established PSCs. The large cooling rates experienced by air parcels have important implications for denitrification and dehydration nearly all condensation nuclei should be activated when a PSC is first formed and mass must be redistributed to larger aerosols during the evolution of a PSC if denitrification is to occur. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. RP MURPHY, DM (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1753 EP 1760 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1753:MTFAPS>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC364 UT WOS:A1995RC36400016 ER PT J AU MAPES, BE HOUZE, RA AF MAPES, BE HOUZE, RA TI DIABATIC DIVERGENCE PROFILES IN WESTERN PACIFIC MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CLOUD CLUSTERS; STOCHASTIC MIXING MODEL; LINEAR RESPONSE; CUMULUS CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERE; HEAT; DETRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; AMEX AB Heating in the atmosphere can be expressed as diabatic divergence delta(d), which is nearly equal to the actual horizontal divergence delta in tropical convection. High-quality delta profile measurements from airborne Doppler radar ''purls'' in ten mesoscale convective systems (MCS) observed during TOGA-COARE are examined, and the mean profile is compared with rawinsonde array measurements. Young convective features have strong nearsurface convergence, while older cells with better-developed downdrafts and stratiform precipitation areas have their peak convergence aloft. In the mean, then, surface flow is only weakly convergent or even divergent, so that the main convergence into MCSs is deep and peaked aloft, with a sharp ''melting convergence'' at 0 degrees C. Divergence prevails above similar to 10 km altitude but was undersampled by the radar. Unusual but well-sampled observations in the purl dataset include: a persistent, widespread delta profile feature in one well-sampled MCS (a cyclone rainband); oscillatory ''reverberations'' centered on the melting level, with similar to 3-4 km wavelength in the vertical; and a conspicuous absence of any high vertical wavenumber features other than the melting reverberations. All three observations may be understood as consequences of the heating profile of convection adjusting itself to oppose environmental temperature perturbations. This adjustment is predicted by convective cloud conceptual models with diverse dynamical bases, and consequently is simulated by essentially all convective parameterization schemes. One foreseeable consequence of this mechanism is the downward development of initially elevated (cool core) depressions, a key stage in tropical cyclogenesis. Simple linear models of Hadley and Walker circulations forced by observed MCS delta(d) profiles illustrate the importance of the elevated convergence peak to large-scale circulations, particularly to low-level wind fields. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP MAPES, BE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,NOAA,CLIMATE & GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,CAMPUS BOX 311,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 44 TC 241 Z9 245 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1807 EP 1828 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1807:DDPIWP>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC364 UT WOS:A1995RC36400019 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, K AF HAMILTON, K TI GLOBAL QBO IN CIRCULATION AND OZONE .1. REEXAMINATION OF OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Note ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION RP HAMILTON, K (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1834 EP 1838 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1834:COQICA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC364 UT WOS:A1995RC36400021 ER PT J AU WALHOUT, M STERR, U WITTE, A ROLSTON, SL AF WALHOUT, M STERR, U WITTE, A ROLSTON, SL TI LIFETIME OF THE METASTABLE 6S' [1/2](0) CLOCK STATE IN XENON SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOUNTAIN; SHIFT AB To investigate the potential of a proposed optical frequency standard, we have measured the lifetime of the metastable 6s' [1/2](0) state in xenon. Magneto-optically trapped xenon atoms were prepared in the 6s' [1/2](0) state, and the time dependence of the vacuum-ultraviolet decay signature was analyzed. The total decay rate of 75(3) s(-1) is the sum of a 7.8(38)-s(-1) spontaneous emission rate(1 - sigma uncertainties) and a much larger deexcitation rate that is due to a transition driven by room-temperature blackbody radiation. RP WALHOUT, M (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,PHYS A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1192 EP 1194 DI 10.1364/OL.20.001192 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA QX467 UT WOS:A1995QX46700038 PM 19859469 ER PT J AU SANBORN, BA AF SANBORN, BA TI NONEQUILIBRIUM TOTAL-DIELECTRIC-FUNCTION APPROACH TO THE ELECTRON BOLTZMANN-EQUATION FOR INELASTIC-SCATTERING IN DOPED POLAR SEMICONDUCTORS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION RATIO; PHONON MODES; ENERGY-LOSS; GAAS; MOBILITY; TRANSPORT RP SANBORN, BA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 20 BP 14247 EP 14255 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.14247 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RB213 UT WOS:A1995RB21300036 ER PT J AU SANBORN, BA AF SANBORN, BA TI ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTIONS, COUPLED PLASMON-PHONON MODES, AND MOBILITY IN N-TYPE GAAS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IONIZED-IMPURITY SCATTERING; POLAR SEMICONDUCTORS; COMPENSATION RATIO; ENERGY-LOSS; ALXGA1-XAS; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; SILICON RP SANBORN, BA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 20 BP 14256 EP 14264 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.14256 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA RB213 UT WOS:A1995RB21300037 ER PT J AU GELTMAN, S AF GELTMAN, S TI ARE ATOMS STABILIZED BY ULTRAINTENSE LASERS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; HYDROGEN-ATOM; MODEL ATOM; INTENSE; FIELDS; SUPERINTENSE; POLARIZATION; IONIZATION; RADIATION AB We critically examine theoretical arguments that predict that atoms become resistant toward photoionization as the laser intensity is arbitrarily increased. We conclude that atoms become fully ionized in the ultraintense field limit, and that they do not stabilize as bound states. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GELTMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 237 IS 3-4 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00315-U PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QZ184 UT WOS:A1995QZ18400014 ER PT J AU SNELICK, R JAJA, J KACKER, R LYON, G AF SNELICK, R JAJA, J KACKER, R LYON, G TI USING SYNTHETIC PERTURBATIONS AND STATISTICAL SCREENING TO ASSAY SHARED-MEMORY PROGRAMS SO INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; PARALLEL PROCESSING; DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING; TUNING C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,INST ADV COMP STUDIES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT EE,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP SNELICK, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ADV SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0020-0190 J9 INFORM PROCESS LETT JI Inf. Process. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0020-0190(95)00012-2 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA RA198 UT WOS:A1995RA19800004 ER PT J AU SHULL, JM SAKEN, JM AF SHULL, JM SAKEN, JM TI NONCOEVAL STAR-FORMATION, STARBURSTS, AND THE GROWTH OF SUPERSHELLS IN OB ASSOCIATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, BUBBLES; OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS, GENERAL; STARS, FORMATION ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; WOLF-RAYET STARS; M-CIRCLE-DOT; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; STELLAR MODELS; DISK GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; BUBBLES; GRIDS AB There is strong evidence that the epoch of massive-star formation in OB associations is spread over intervals of 10-20 Myr as a result of subclustering, continuous or sequential star formation, or delayed collapse of the most massive stars. The growth of supershells is strongly influenced by this star formation history and by mass deposition to the hot bubble interior (''radiative poisoning''). Even in cases of coeval or continuous star formation, the rising energy input from massive stars, as they evolve off the main sequence, may be observed as a ''starburst'' with peak energy deposition 3-10 times that of the late-time rate due to supernovae and an excess of Wolf-Rayet stars (WR/O ratio approximate to 0.1). The peak in energy deposition results in faster shell growth and velocity evolution than in constant-luminosity models. At finite bubble ages, this mechanism can alter the covering factor of superbubbles in the disk by factors of 2-3 and can accelerate the dynamical effects of galactic ''superwinds.'' In contrast, if sufficient matter is entrained in the hot bubble, radiative poisoning will stall its growth. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NIST, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SHULL, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 47 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 444 IS 2 BP 663 EP 671 DI 10.1086/175638 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QV701 UT WOS:A1995QV70100015 ER PT J AU LOZANOGARCIA, DF FERNANDEZ, RN GALLO, KP JOHANNSEN, CJ AF LOZANOGARCIA, DF FERNANDEZ, RN GALLO, KP JOHANNSEN, CJ TI MONITORING THE 1988 SEVERE DROUGHT IN INDIANA, USA USING AVHRR DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; CLASSIFICATION AB Data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-10 satellite was collected over Indiana for the 1987 and 1988 growing seasons. A Normalized Difference (NDVI) transformation was applied to the data. Over 45 fields representing 8 soil associations were sampled to assess the effects of the 1988 drought on the development of natural and cultivated vegetation. The results show the effect of the lack of available moisture to the plants and its effect on the response measured by the AVHRR sensor. C1 PURDUE UNIV,APPLICAT REMOTE SENSING LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NOAA,NESDIS,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1327 EP 1340 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RG051 UT WOS:A1995RG05100009 ER PT J AU RAY, JR CARTER, WE ROBERTSON, DS AF RAY, JR CARTER, WE ROBERTSON, DS TI ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF DAILY UT1 DETERMINATIONS BY VERY LONG-BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID IRIS; VLBI; GHZ AB By comparing UT1 determinations from the International Radio Interferometric Surveying intensive program of quasi-daily, single-baseline, 1-hour very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurement sessions with coincident, multibaseline 24-hour VLBI determinations, we estimate the overall accuracy of the intensive UTI results, averaged over 5.4 years of data, to be similar to 52 mu s, depending somewhat on the amount of error attributed to the multibaseline results. The largest error contributions are due to interpolated values for polar motion X and Y coordinates (< 38 mu s), short-term variability in atmospheric propagation (similar to 48 mu s during summers but much less at other times), and extended brightness structures in the radio sources (similar to 22 mu s). Because the atmospheric effect is most pronounced during summers, the UT1 accuracy of the intensives is similar to 47 mu s most of the year but degrades to similar to 67 mu s during the third quarter of each year. RP RAY, JR (reprint author), NOAA, GEOSCI LAB, N-OES13, SSMC-4, 1305 EW HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B5 BP 8193 EP 8200 DI 10.1029/95JB00151 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QX769 UT WOS:A1995QX76900010 ER PT J AU TURCHINSKAYA, M KAISER, DL SHAPIRO, AJ SCHWARTZ, J AF TURCHINSKAYA, M KAISER, DL SHAPIRO, AJ SCHWARTZ, J TI MAGNETIC-FLUX PENETRATION IN LI DOPED AND UNDOPED BI2SR2CACU2OZ CAST TAPES BEFORE AND AFTER FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PINNING ENHANCEMENT AB In a study of the effects of Li fission on magnetic-flux pinning in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oz (2212), a high-resolution, magneto-optical imaging technique (MOT) has been employed to conduct the first direct observations of microscopic flux flow in Li doped and undoped 2212 polycrystalline tapes before and after fast-neutron irradiation. The studies were performed at applied magnetic fields in the range of 0 to +/-65 mT and at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 K. The local magnetization behavior was correlated with bulk magnetization measurements obtained by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry at the same applied fields and temperatures. The MOT studies showed that flux penetration in both the Li doped and undoped tapes was highly non-uniform. Measurements by the two techniques demonstrated that the neutron-irradiation treatment caused a significant increase in the magnetic-flux pinning in both tapes. SQUID measurements performed at applied fields up to +/-5 T showed that the irradiation treatment increased pinning by the same factor (2.2 at 20 K and 30 K) in the two tapes. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,FLORIDA A&M UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP TURCHINSKAYA, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00133-6 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RA410 UT WOS:A1995RA41000023 ER PT J AU CLARK, AF ZIMMERMAN, NM WILLIAMS, ER AMAR, A SONG, D WELLSTOOD, FC LOBB, CJ SOULEN, RJ AF CLARK, AF ZIMMERMAN, NM WILLIAMS, ER AMAR, A SONG, D WELLSTOOD, FC LOBB, CJ SOULEN, RJ TI APPLICATION OF SINGLE-ELECTRON TUNNELING - PRECISION CAPACITANCE RATIO MEASUREMENTS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP CLARK, AF (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 19 BP 2588 EP 2590 DI 10.1063/1.113510 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QX026 UT WOS:A1995QX02600047 ER PT J AU ZHAO, ZQ CHAPMAN, WB NESBITT, DJ AF ZHAO, ZQ CHAPMAN, WB NESBITT, DJ TI STATE-RESOLVED ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN OPEN-SHELL COLLISIONS - CL(P-2(3/2))+HCL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM REACTIVE SCATTERING; SUDDEN DISTORTED-WAVE; TRANSITION-STATE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; CL+HCL->CLH+CL REACTION; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; FUNDAMENTAL BANDS; H+HX COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 18 BP 7046 EP 7058 DI 10.1063/1.469098 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QW366 UT WOS:A1995QW36600011 ER PT J AU PAPADI, GP BALAZS, GH JACOBSON, ER AF PAPADI, GP BALAZS, GH JACOBSON, ER TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC DNA CONTENT-ANALYSIS OF FIBROPAPILLOMAS IN GREEN TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE FIBROPAPILLOMA; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GREEN TURTLE; CHELONIA MYDAS ID CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS AB In an attempt to characterize biologic properties of green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP), blood cells, dermis of normal skin, dermis of cutaneous fibropapillomas, and visceral fibroblastic nodules of green turtles Chelonia mydas with cutaneous fibropapilloma were examined by flow cytometry. DNA of each sample was stained with propidium iodide and histograms were recorded utilizing a FACSCAN flow cytometer. All samples examined had similar histograms, indicative of normal cell cycles and diploid profiles. Small S phase and G(2)M fractions (<5%) indicated a low mitotic activity and a nonproliferating state. Statistical analyses were performed on the coefficient of variation (CV) of the G(1) peak for the various tissues analyzed. The mean CV for blood from all the unaffected turtles was 3.21 while that from turtles afflicted with GTFP was 3.43. CVs of normal skin from healthy turtles and turtles afflicted with GTFP were 4.25 and 4.41 respectively. The mean CV for fibropapillomas was 5.27, a number which, though higher than either blood or normal skin, probably reflects the difference in stain uptake characteristics between fibropapillomas and the other 2 tissues rather than any inherent DNA or ploidy difference. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT SMALL ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP PAPADI, GP (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 4 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.3354/dao022013 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA RB986 UT WOS:A1995RB98600002 ER PT J AU ZUG, GR BALAZS, GH WETHERALL, JA AF ZUG, GR BALAZS, GH WETHERALL, JA TI GROWTH IN JUVENILE LOGGERHEAD SEATURTLES (CARETTA-CARETTA) IN THE NORTH PACIFIC PELAGIC HABITAT SO COPEIA LA English DT Note ID SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; RATES; AGE C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP ZUG, GR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 3 PY 1995 IS 2 BP 484 EP 487 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QX933 UT WOS:A1995QX93300028 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, AW ROWELL, RB BREEN, JE AF TAYLOR, AW ROWELL, RB BREEN, JE TI BEHAVIOR OF THIN-WALLED CONCRETE BOX PIERS SO ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BOX BEAMS; BRIDGE PIERS; BUCKLING; CONCRETES; MODELS; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; TESTS; WALLS ID COLUMNS AB The objectives of this study were to investigate experimentally and analytically the behavior of hollow thin-walled concrete box bridge piers and pylons, and obtain methods for predicting their capacities. Twelve one-fifth-scale short concrete box pier specimens were loaded to failure under combined axial load and uniaxial bending about the weak axis. Both monolithically cast find segmentally constructed post-tensioned specimens were tested An analytical model was developed to predict the strength of a concrete box column subject to simultaneous axial load and uniaxial bending. This model includes the effects of local buckling of a thin compression flange. Ir was determined that concrete bos columns with wall width-to-thickness ratios less than 15 are unaffected by local compression flange buckling. Members with wall width-to-thickness ratios of 15 or greater may exhibit reduced strengths due to local buckling. An empirical strength reduction factor is proposed to account for the effects of compression flange buckling. C1 DATUM ENGN INC,DALLAS,TX. UNIV TEXAS,NASSER I AL RASHID CHAIR CIVIL ENGN,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,PHIL M FERGUSON STRUCT ENGN LAB,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP TAYLOR, AW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 SN 0889-3241 J9 ACI STRUCT J JI ACI Struct. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 92 IS 3 BP 319 EP 333 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA RA616 UT WOS:A1995RA61600007 ER PT J AU JOSELL, D CORIELL Sr MCFADDEN, GB AF JOSELL, D CORIELL, SR MCFADDEN, GB TI EVALUATING THE ZERO CREEP CONDITIONS FOR THIN-FILM AND MULTILAYER THIN-FILM SPECIMENS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL-TENSION; SURFACE-TENSION AB The equilibrium shape of the grains in biaxially loaded thin film and multilayer thin film specimens is determined for several in-plane grain geometries. This yields the relationship between the zero creep load and the free energies (tensions) of the interfaces present. The neglect of grain boundary grooves in previous models is seen to yield substantial errors in such analyses. Anisotropy and strain dependence of the interfacial free energies are not included. RP JOSELL, D (reprint author), NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1987 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00367-Q PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QU074 UT WOS:A1995QU07400025 ER PT J AU KANE, JS BEARY, ES MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ AF KANE, JS BEARY, ES MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ TI IMPACT OF INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY ON CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Analysis of Geological and Environmental Materials (Geoanalysis 94) CY SEP 18-22, 1994 CL AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; ICP-MS; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; REFERENCE SAMPLES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ASSAY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the certification of its Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)* in 1986, only a few years after instruments first became commercially available, The United States, Canadian and Ontario Geological Surveys (USGS, CGS, and OGS, respectively) also made early use of the method to provide new data for existing certified reference materials (CRMs) and other non-certified geochemical reference materials (GRMs), The application of ICP-MS extends to most elements in the periodic table, NIST's efforts have focused largely on environmentally important trace elements, However, the impact of ICP-MS analysis in geochemistry is greatest in providing certified values for the platinum group elements (PGEs) and the rare earth elements (REEs), This paper will review the growing impact of ICP-MS analyses on the certification of CRMs/GRMs, Examples include NIST SRMs 1646a Estuarine Sediment, 2709-2711 Soils, 113b Zinc Concentrate; Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochemiques (CRPG) CRMs CHR-PP+ and CHR-Bkgr; Canadian Certified Reference Materials Program (CCRMP) WGB-1 gabbro rock, TDB-1 diabase rock and three other CCRMP CRMs recently certified for the PGEs, NIST has used ICP-MS almost exclusively in conjunction with isotope dilution. This has not been the situation among other users, but is to be recommended in certification analysis for several reasons, which will be outlined. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KANE, JS (reprint author), NIST,STAND REFERENCE MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1505 EP 1512 DI 10.1039/an9952001505 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QZ040 UT WOS:A1995QZ04000042 ER PT J AU POPP, J LANKERS, M SCHASCHEK, K KIEFER, W HODGES, JT AF POPP, J LANKERS, M SCHASCHEK, K KIEFER, W HODGES, JT TI OBSERVATION OF SUDDEN TEMPERATURE JUMPS IN OPTICALLY LEVITATED MICRODROPLETS DUE TO MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT INPUT RESONANCES SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE MORPHOLOGY DEPENDENT RESONANCES; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL LEVITATION OF MICROPARTICLES ID RADIATION PRESSURE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; STRUCTURAL RESONANCES; DIELECTRIC SPHERES; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; SPECTROSCOPY; DROPLETS AB During the slow evaporation of an optically levitated microdroplet of a glycerol-water mixture (3:1) (approximately 12.44 mu m in radius) several morphology-dependent input resonances have been observed in its Raman spectrum. These resonances yield sudden temperature jumps of approximately 10 degrees C in the microdroplet as evidenced by sudden shifts in the output (Raman) resonance spectra. The latter effects could be explained by a simple energy balance calculation and the dependence of droplet refractive index and density on temperature. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP POPP, J (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,INST PHYS CHEM,MARCUSSTR 9-11,D-97070 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Popp, Juergen/E-6471-2012; Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 13 BP 2380 EP 2386 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA QW018 UT WOS:A1995QW01800032 PM 21037793 ER PT J AU KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF AF KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF TI MEASURING ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES FOR SEDIMENT-BOUND PAH AND PCB CONGENERS BY BENTHIC ORGANISMS SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; DIPOREIA SPP; LUMBRICULUS VARIEGATUS ID DEPOSIT-FEEDING AMPHIPOD; STYLODRILUS-HERINGIANUS LUMBRICULIDAE; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; SUBLETHAL RESPONSES; LAKE-MICHIGAN; MYSIS-RELICTA; TRANSPORT; MODEL; FEEDERS; ENDRIN AB Assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of sediment-sorbed H-3-benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and C-14-2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) were measured in Diporeia spp. (Amphipoda) and the AE for BaP was determined in Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta). For Diporeia, three methods of determining AEs were compared and for L. variegatus AEs were measured by two methods. The first method used organic carbon as a tracer based on a feeding selectivity index (SI) and the relative concentrations in the sediment and fecal material. After 10-day exposure, the AEs in Diporeia for BaP and HCBP were 45% to 57% and 46% to 58%, respectively. The AEs in L. variegatus for BaP were 0% to 26% throughout the 5-day exposure. The second method estimated assimilation from ingestion based on the feeding rate and the SI for organic carbon. The AEs in Diporeia for BaP and HCBP were 11 to 15% and 36% to 52%, respectively. For the third approach, a dual-label technique was used with C-14-polydimethylsiloxane as a non-assimilated tracer for estimating AE based on the relative ratio of the assimilated and non-assimilated tracers in the food and fecal material. This technique gave a BaP-AE of 56% for Diporeia after 10 days. The BaP-AE in L. variegatus ranged from 23% to 26% for the first day of exposure, then decreased to 10% by the end of the 5-day exposure period. Differences in the AEs for Diporeia exposed to BaP determined from these techniques result, in part, from the differential distribution of the xenobiotics among the sediment particles and the selective feeding by Diporeia. C1 UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. RP KUKKONEN, J (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 1 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00077-4 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA QZ048 UT WOS:A1995QZ04800006 ER PT J AU SANDERS, M AF SANDERS, M TI DISTRIBUTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA) AND SURFACE SEDIMENT FROM 2 ESTUARIES IN SOUTH-CAROLINA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORMWATER RUNOFF; ORGANIC-CARBON AB The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in oysters and sediments collected from two high salinity estuaries from the coast of South Carolina. The two estuaries were Murrells Inlet (urban), an estuary receiving urbanized drainage and run-off, and North Inlet (nonurban), receiving drainage from heavily forested terrarin and minimal anthropogenic input. A minimum of thirty (30 stations were sampled in Murrells and North Inlets, respectively. A composite oyster sample (n = 30) was analyzed for each station. For sediment, a sample from the top 3-5 cm of the sediment surface from each station was analyzed. In oyster from Murrells Inlet, total PAHs concentrations within the 75 percentile were located in the northern portion of the estuary near marinas, adjacent to residential areas of high population density, near commercial enterprises or run-off from storm drains. Total PAHs within the 25 percentile were located near the mouth of the estuary. These results showed a PAHs concentration gradient in the estuary that was highest in narrow creeks, where the urban shore interfaced with tidal creeks and lowest at the mouth of the estuary. In the case for sediment, a similar gradient was observed. In comparing the mean total PAHs of the two inlets, Murrells Inlet had significantly higher (p < 0.01) total PAHs concentrations than North Inlet for oyster and sediment, respectively. In comparing PAHs concentrations among the two matrices in Murrells Inlet, these data showed that the pattern of individual PAHs in oyster and in sediment were different. Oysters tended to accumulate the lower molecular weight and the more water-soluble PAHs compared to PAHs found in sediment. As expected, differences in octanol/water partition coefficient among individual PAHs and the greater persistence of the higher molecular weight PAHs contributed to the accumulation patterns in oyster and sediment. RP SANDERS, M (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,CHARLESTON,SC 29412, USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 397 EP 405 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT484 UT WOS:A1995QT48400001 PM 7755394 ER PT J AU POTTS, JC MANOOCH, CS AF POTTS, JC MANOOCH, CS TI AGE AND GROWTH OF RED HIND AND ROCK HIND COLLECTED FROM NORTH-CAROLINA THROUGH THE DRY-TORTUGAS, FLORIDA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS PISCES; SERRANIDAE; GROUPERS AB Opaque bands on sectioned sagittal otoliths were used to age red hind, Epinephelus guttatus (N = 146), and rock hind, E. adscensionis (N = 144), sampled from the recreational headboat fishery between North Carolina and the Dry Tortugas, Florida, 1980-1992. Marginal increment analysis revealed that annuli form from March through May for red hind, and April and May for rock hind. The maximum age estimated for red hind was 11 years, compared with 12 years for rock hind. Mean back-calculated total lengths (in mm) at ages 1, 5, and 10 were similar for both species: 228-, 358-, and 436-mm for red hind; and 214-, 362-, and 441-mm for rock hind. The von Bertalanffy growth equations for red hind and rock hind were L(t) = 471.4(1 - e(-0.200(t+2.397))), and L(t) = 499.4(1 - e(-0.167(t+2.495))), respectively, where t = age in years. The length-weight relationship for red hind was W = 1.8 X 10(-7)L(2.614), where W = weight in kilograms, and was W = 6 X 10(-9)L(3.193) for rock hind. Age-length keys are provided for each species. Red and rock hinds appear to grow faster and do not live as long as many serranids from the southeastern United States. RP POTTS, JC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 3 BP 784 EP 794 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RA973 UT WOS:A1995RA97300006 ER PT J AU KELLEY, S AF KELLEY, S TI PIGMENTATION, SQUAMATION AND THE OSTEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL AND JUVENILE GRAY ANGELFISH, POMACANTHUS-ARCUATUS (POMACANTHIDAE, PISCES) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB Gray angelfish Larvae (Pomacanthus arcuatus) are undescribed. In this study 109 wild caught and reared larval, and one adult P. arcuatus are examined for larval pigmentation, squamation, head spination, morphometry, and development of selected osteological features. The larvae do not have a tholichthys stage, but specializations include spinous projections on scales. up to 45 preopercular spines, as well as a preopercular corner spine and a laterosensory canal in juvenile specimens. Body depth is 17.85% of body length at 7.8 mm NL and increases to 71.4% in a 200 mm SL adult specimen. Flexion begins at 4.5 mm NL and is complete by 5.0 mm SL. Vertebrae appear at 3.7 mm NL as saddle-shaped ossifications and sequence of development is from anterior to posterior. The second dorsal and anal fins form concurrently followed sequentially by the caudal fin, first dorsal fin, pelvic fin and pectoral fin. RP KELLEY, S (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 3 BP 826 EP 848 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RA973 UT WOS:A1995RA97300012 ER PT J AU KOGAN, FN AF KOGAN, FN TI DROUGHTS OF THE LATE 1980S IN THE UNITED-STATES AS DERIVED FROM NOAA POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITE DATA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE; DYNAMICS AB Drought is one of the most adverse and powerful weather-related disasters that occur every year across a portion of the United States. The consequences of droughts quite often can be devastating. To mitigate these consequences, droughts require careful monitoring. Recently, NOAA's National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service developed a new Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-based vegetation condition index (VCl) that showed good results when it was used for drought detection and tracking. The VCl is a vegetation index with reduced noise and is adjusted for land climate, ecology, and weather conditions. This index provides a quantitative estimate of weather impact on vegetation and also measures vegetation conditions. Several large-area experiments showed that the VCl had excellent ability to detect drought and to measure the time of its onset and its intensity, duration, and impact on vegetation. The VCl provides accurate drought information not only for the cases with well-defined, prolonged, widespread, and very strong droughts, but also for very localized, short-term, and ill-defined droughts. The advantages of this index compared to conventional ground data are in providing more comprehensive, timely, and accurate drought information. This paper describes the methodology and technical principles used to derive the vegetation condition index, explores data processing, and gives many examples of VCl application for drought monitoring in the United States during 1985-90. The spatial and temporal patterns of VCl-derived drought were in a very good agreement with the identical patterns identified from precipitation and yield anomalies. RP KOGAN, FN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,CTR SCI,SATELLITE RES LAB,ROOM 712,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 43 TC 217 Z9 243 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 655 EP 668 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0655:DOTLIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB482 UT WOS:A1995RB48200002 ER PT J AU BELL, GD JANOWIAK, JE AF BELL, GD JANOWIAK, JE TI ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE MIDWEST FLOODS OF 1993 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FIELD AB This paper presents an observational analysis of the large-scale atmospheric circulation prior to and during the Midwest floods of June-July 1993. The floods developed and persisted in association with three major circulation features, none of which alone would likely have produced such intense and prolonged flooding. First, a persistent, positive phase of the North Pacific teleconnection pattern was observed throughout the Pacific sector for four months prior to the onset of the floods. This anomalous circulation was associated with much above-normal cyclone activity over the middle latitudes of the North Pacific and with below-normal cyclone activity over the western and central United States. Second, a major change in this pattern occurred over the western United States in late May, which established very strong zonal flow from the western Pacific to the eastern United States. This flow provided a ''duct'' for the intense cyclones to propagate directly into the Midwest throughout the month of June. These storms triggered a series of intense convective complexes over the Midwest, resulting in major flooding. Third, during July a persistent wave pattern with highly amplified southwesterly flow became established over the western and central United States. This circulation, in conjunction with a quasi-stationary frontal boundary and sustained moisture transport into the central United States, was associated with a continuation of excessive rainfall and flooding in the Midwest. RP BELL, GD (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,RM 605,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 20 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 681 EP 695 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0681:ACAWTM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB482 UT WOS:A1995RB48200005 ER PT J AU SPANGLER, TC AHLQUIST, JE BLUESTEIN, HB ORVILLE, HD WAKIMOTO, RM AF SPANGLER, TC AHLQUIST, JE BLUESTEIN, HB ORVILLE, HD WAKIMOTO, RM TI ON THE FUTURE OF RESEARCH-INTENSIVE UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE PROGRAMS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,DEPT METEOROL,RAPID CITY,SD. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP SPANGLER, TC (reprint author), UNIV CORP ATMOSPHER RES,COMET,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 721 EP 727 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB482 UT WOS:A1995RB48200008 ER PT J AU MCPHADEN, MJ AF MCPHADEN, MJ TI THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE OCEAN ARRAY IS COMPLETED SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter RP MCPHADEN, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 0 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 739 EP 741 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB482 UT WOS:A1995RB48200010 ER PT J AU KRUMRINE, JR MUSGROVE, A LUCATORTO, TB AF KRUMRINE, JR MUSGROVE, A LUCATORTO, TB TI 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION SERIES OF CALCIUM - COMMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Discussion AB Using two-photon absorption laser spectroscopy of calcium, Makdisi and Bhatia presented a well-resolved series that they tentatively assigned as 4s(2) S-1(0) - 4snf F-1(3) (n = 33 - 59). We find this assignment to be erroneous. Calculations of quantum defects and a comparison of their observed energy levels with previously determined values reveal that the spectra actually represent the 4s(2) S-1(0) - 4snp P-1(1) series (n = 34 - 60). RP KRUMRINE, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 221,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5-6 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA RD933 UT WOS:A1995RD93300021 ER PT J AU HALAMICKOVA, P DETWILER, RJ BENTZ, DP GARBOCZI, EJ AF HALAMICKOVA, P DETWILER, RJ BENTZ, DP GARBOCZI, EJ TI WATER PERMEABILITY AND CHLORIDE-ION DIFFUSION IN PORTLAND-CEMENT MORTARS - RELATIONSHIP TO SAND CONTENT AND CRITICAL PORE DIAMETER SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; INTRUSION; CONCRETE; PASTE; ROCK AB The pore structure of hydrated cement in mortar and concrete is quite different from that of neat cement paste. The porous transition zones formed at the aggregate-paste interfaces affect the pore size distribution. The effect of the sand content on the development of pore structure, the permeability to water, and the diffusivity of chloride ions was studied on portland cement mortars. Mortars of two water-to-cement ratios and three sand volume fractions were cast together with pastes and tested at degrees of hydration ranging from 45 to 70%. An electrically-accelerated concentration cell test was used to determine the coefficient of chloride ion diffusion while a high pressure permeability cell was employed to assess liquid permeability. The coefficient of chloride ion diffusion varied linearly with the critical pore radius as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry while permeability was found to follow a power-law relationship vs. this critical radius. The data set provides an opportunity to directly examine the application of the Katz-Thompson relationship to cement-based materials. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A4,CANADA. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 31 TC 150 Z9 162 U1 6 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 790 EP 802 DI 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00069-O PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA RB113 UT WOS:A1995RB11300014 ER PT J AU GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K NEUMANN, DA DAY, P AF GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K NEUMANN, DA DAY, P TI LATTICE-DYNAMICS OF SEMICONDUCTING, METALLIC, AND SUPERCONDUCTING BA1-XKXBIO3 STUDIED BY INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHONON DENSITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; STATES; SYSTEM; BAPB1-XBIXO3; TEMPERATURE; PHASE AB Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the lattice dynamics in Ba1-xKxBiO3 over a wide range of compositions, covering regions of the [composition (x), temperature (T)] phase diagram displaying semiconducting, metallic, and superconducting behavior. Modes are assigned using interatomic potentials calculations, which show good agreement with experiment. The oxygen phonon modes are very sensitive to changes in composition and oxidation state of the Bi ions. Phonon anomalies observed in both the oxygen TO bending (similar to 33 meV) and stretching (similar to 62 meV) modes as a function of temperature are discussed within the context of the BCS theory. Novel behavior is shown by the LO oxygen bending mode at similar to 42 meV that shows a strong dependence on composition, proposed to arise from the occurrence of structural phase transitions in this system. C1 UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON BN1 9QJ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP GREEN, MA (reprint author), UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, 21 ALBEMARLE ST, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND. RI Prassides, Kosmas/C-9804-2009 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 888 EP 893 DI 10.1021/cm00053a012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QY899 UT WOS:A1995QY89900012 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, K AF HAMILTON, K TI COMPREHENSIVE SIMULATION OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATE - SOME RECENT RESULTS SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; MEAN FLOW; RESOLUTION; STRATOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; TROPOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE AB This study discusses the results of comprehensive time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical modelling of the circulation in the middle atmosphere obtained with the GFDL ''SKYHI'' troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model (GCM). The climate in a long control simulation with an intermediate resolution version (similar to 3 degrees in horizontal) is briefly reviewed. While many aspects of the simulation are quite realistic, the focus in this study is on remaining;first-order problems with the modelled middle atmospheric general circulation, notably the very cold high latitude temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter/spring, and the virtual absence of a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical stratosphere. These problems are shared by other extant GCMs. It was noted that the SH cold pole problem is somewhat ameliorated with increasing horizontal resolution in the model. This suggests that improved resolution increases the vertical momentum fluxes from the explicitly resolved gravity waves in the model, a point confirmed by detailed analysis of the spectrum of vertical eddy momentum flux in the winter SH extratropics. This result inspired a series of experiments with the 3 degrees SKYHI model modified by adding a prescribed zonally-symmetric zonal drag on the SH winter westerlies. The: form of the imposed momentum source was based on the simple assumption that the mean flow drag produced by unresolved waves has a spatial distribution similar to that of the Eliassen-Palm flux divergence associated with explicitly resolved gravity waves. It was found that an appropriately-chosen drag confined to the top six model levels (above 0.35 mb) can lead to guile realistic simulations of the SH winter flow (including-even the stationary wave fields) through August, but that problems still remain in the late-winter/springtime simulation. While the imposed momentum source was largely confined to the extratropics, it produced considerable improvement in the simulation of the equatorial semiannual oscillation, with both the easterly and westerly phases being somewhat more intense than in the control simulation. A separate experiment was conducted in which the SKYHI model was simplified so that it had no topography and so that the seasonal cycle was-frozen in perpetual equinox conditions. These changes result in a model that has much reduced interhemispheric asymmetry. This model spontaneously produces a long period mean flow oscillation of considerable amplitude in the tropical upper stratopause. The implication of this result for the general issue of obtaining a QBO in comprehensive GCMs is discussed. RP HAMILTON, K (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 223 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s003820050072 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB417 UT WOS:A1995RB41700003 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, GP CHAO, J CHUNG, P CHAO, L AF RICHARDS, GP CHAO, J CHUNG, P CHAO, L TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE KALLIKREIN-LIKE PROTEINASES FROM THE BLACK-SEA BASS (CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA) AND THE SOUTHERN FROG (RANA-BERLANDIERI) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BASS; CHARACTERIZATION; FISH; FROG; PURIFICATION; SERINE PROTEINASE; TRYPSIN; TISSUE KALLIKREIN ID PANCREATIC PROTEOLYTIC-ENZYMES; HUMAN URINARY KALLIKREIN; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PYLORIC CECA; GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; ATLANTIC SALMON; ANIONIC TRYPSIN AB Serine proteinases were isolated from the pyloric caeca of the black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the pancreas of the Southern frog (Rana berlandieri) and were purified to apparent homogeneity by aprotinin affinity column chromatography, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and gel filtration FPLC liquid chromatography to produce products with molecular masses of approximately 27,000 Da and isoelectric points from 4.2 to 5.0. Both enzymes were kallikrein-like and were bound by diisopropylfluorophosphate; had pH optima from 9 to 10; showed high specificity for the hydrolysis of arginine peptide bonds and low to moderate affinity for lysine bonds at the P-1, substrate recognition sites; were inhibited by aprotinin, benzamidine, leupeptin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor; generated kinin from kininogen and were highly stable at room temperature. Differences between the enzymes were observed relative to their hydrophobicities, substrate specificities, stabilities at acidic pus in the presence and absence of calcium, and the amounts of kinin generated from kininogen. Many of the fish trypsins, previously identified as anionic trypsins, may actually be more kallikrein-like. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,CHARLESTON LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29422. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL29397] NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 111 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00019-4 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA RE798 UT WOS:A1995RE79800009 PM 7656186 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, BV AF SAUNDERS, BV TI A BOUNDARY CONFORMING GRID GENERATION SYSTEM FOR INTERFACE TRACKING SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE GRID GENERATION; ADAPTIVE; B-SPLINES; TRANSFINITE BLENDING FUNCTIONS; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; PHASE-FIELD MODEL; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; FINITE-ELEMENT; BINARY ALLOY; MORPHOLOGIES AB The development of an algebraic grid generation system to track a solid-liquid interface during directional solidification of a binary alloy is discussed. A single mapping, constructed with tenser product B-splines, is proposed for calculations of both shallow and deep solidification cells. The initial spline coefficients for the coordinate mapping are modified to minimize a discrete functional that regulates the smoothness and orthogonality of the mesh. The use of transfinite blending function interpolation to obtain an initial grid is examined. RP SAUNDERS, BV (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0898-1221(95)00040-6 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA QT788 UT WOS:A1995QT78800001 ER PT J AU ZHENG, QN YAN, XH HO, CR TAI, CK AF ZHENG, QN YAN, XH HO, CR TAI, CK TI OBSERVATION OF EQUATORIALLY TRAPPED WAVES IN THE PACIFIC USING GEOSAT ALTIMETER DATA SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE OCEAN MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA-LEVEL; ROSSBY WAVES; EL-NINO; KELVIN WAVES; VARIABILITY; ENSO; THERMOCLINE; REFLECTION AB A spatial integration filtering method is applied to process 4.5 years of Geosat altimeter sea level anomalies (SLA) recorded from 1 April 1985 to 17 September 1989. The integral limits are chosen as +/- 1.5 degrees latitude centered at the equator and +/- 4 degrees longitude centered at the each central longitude. These limits are chosen in order to eliminate the random noise and to enhance the equatorially trapped wave signals. The spatial-integration-filtered SLA time series show periodical signals with different time scales. Processing the SLA time series with a Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) yields the lime-frequency spectra of the SLA which show a frequency spectral splitting-combining phenomenon in the periods during and after the 1986-1987 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Analysis of non-linear wave-wave interaction indicates that this phenomenon results from amplitude modulation of the short period oscillations in the 60-100 day band by a long period oscillation with a period of about 500 days. The wave components of the short period oscillations are further analysed using the equatorial wave modes to fit the meridional distribution of the SLA. The results indicate that the downwelling Kelvin wave mode before and during the peak phase of 1986-1987 ENSO and the upwelling Kelvin wave mode during the 1988 La Nina are the dominant components. The first and second Rossby wave modes play important roles for entire time series and occasionally become the dominant components. The mean phase speed of Kelvin wave mode during the 1986-1987 ENSO is 3.0 m s(-1), which is 25% higher than those in non-ENSO periods. C1 NOAA,GEOSCI LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP ZHENG, QN (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,GRAD COLL MARINE SCI,CTR REMOTE SENSING,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. RI Zheng, Quanan/F-9025-2010; Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 42 IS 5 BP 797 EP 817 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00006-R PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RP133 UT WOS:A1995RP13300010 ER PT J AU DARIEL, MP LASHMORE, DS RATZKER, M AF DARIEL, MP LASHMORE, DS RATZKER, M TI A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR DIRECT RESTORATIVE ALLOYS SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM COUPLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AMALGAM AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to develop a new technology for preparing mercury-free metallic dental restorative materials. Methods. The novel approach relies on the cold welding of surface-treated silver particles. At ambient temperatures, intermetallic compound formation takes place spontaneously al the silver-tin interface. The ability of a loose powder to consolidate at ambient temperature under moderate pressure and within a short time duration was investigated for various mixtures of elemental silver, tin, and pre-alloyed silver-coated powders. Surface treatment aimed at removing silver surface oxide layers is done with a dilute acid. The compressive and the transverse rupture strengths of several of the consolidated powder mixtures were determined. Results. Cold-welding of surface-treated powder particles takes place across the silver-silver interface and is promoted by exposure to a mild acid. Powder mixtures containing approximately 50% silver powder, 40% silver-coated silver-tin intermetallic compound particles, and a small silver-tin fraction deposited from an aqueous solution display very good condensability, depending on the amount of silver-silver interface area available. The attained rupture strength values (200 Mpa) were higher than those of amalgams; the compressive strengths (120 MPa) and hardness values (100 KHN), however, were lower than those found for amalgams. Significance. Mercury-free silver-tin powder mixtures can be processed for use as metallic composite dental restorative materials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. MAT INNOVAT,LEBANON,NH. PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP DARIEL, MP (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT MAT ENGN,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P50 DEO9322, 1YO1-DE30045-00] NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(95)80020-4 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA TE660 UT WOS:A1995TE66000010 PM 8600015 ER PT J AU RONNING, C GRIESMEIER, U GROSS, M HOFSASS, HC DOWNING, RG LAMAZE, GP AF RONNING, C GRIESMEIER, U GROSS, M HOFSASS, HC DOWNING, RG LAMAZE, GP TI CONDUCTION PROCESSES IN BORON-DOPED AND NITROGEN-DOPED DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON-FILMS PREPARED BY MASS-SEPARATED ION-BEAM DEPOSITION SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like and Related Materials (Diamond Films 94) CY SEP 25-30, 1994 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY DE DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; DOPING; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; ION BEAM GROWTH ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROWAVE PLASMA; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; THIN-FILMS AB Boron- and nitrogen-doped diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC) films were prepared by alternating direct deposition of low energy mass-separated C-12(+) and dopant ions. Concentration vs. depth profiles for N and B dopants were determined by neutron depth profiling. The measured current-voltage characteristics of these films, which were deposited on polished stainless steel, are explained best by Frenkel-Poole emission for high electric fields. Two different trap states Phi(1) and Phi(2) were found to contribute to the conduction process. At low electric fields our results suggest that conduction is due to variable-range hopping via localized states at the Fermi level. The doped DLC films show a higher electrical conductivity, indicative of an increased density of localized states, rather than a shift in the Fermi level. A diode-like device was prepared, but the measured I-V curves did not indicate that a p-n junction had formed. DLC/Si heterojunctions were also prepared and their current-voltage characteristics are presented and discussed. C1 NIST,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RONNING, C (reprint author), UNIV KONSTANZ,FAK PHYS,POSTFACH 5560,D-78434 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. RI Ronning, Carsten/I-9133-2016 OI Ronning, Carsten/0000-0003-2667-0611 NR 37 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 4 IS 5-6 BP 666 EP 672 DI 10.1016/0925-9635(94)05219-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QV435 UT WOS:A1995QV43500024 ER PT J AU HILL, DA AF HILL, DA TI ELECTRIC-DIPOLE EXCITATION OF A LONG CONDUCTOR IN A LOSSY MEDIUM SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article AB Excitation of currents on an infinitely long conductor is analyzed for horizontal electric dipole or line sources and for a plane-wave, farfield source. Any of these sources can excite strong currents which produce strong scattered fields for detection. Numerical results for these sources indicate that long conductors produce a strong anomaly over a broad frequency range. The conductor can be either insulated or bare, to model either ungrounded or grounded conductors. RP HILL, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 15 IS 3 BP 301 EP 319 DI 10.1080/02726349508908421 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QZ178 UT WOS:A1995QZ17800007 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, TE ELDRIDGE, MB CECH, JJ AF HOPKINS, TE ELDRIDGE, MB CECH, JJ TI METABOLIC COSTS OF VIVIPARITY IN YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH, SEBASTES FLAVIDUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATION; MATROTROPHY; ENERGETICS; GESTATION; EMBRYO; LARVAE ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SCHLEGELI; REPRODUCTION; SCORPAENIDAE; ENERGETICS; CALIFORNIA; KUROSOI; FOOD; SIZE AB We estimated the energy utilized by developing embryos and larvae of yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, by determining the routine metabolic rate of adult females throughout gestation and subtracting the mean metabolic rate of non-gestating fish. The pattern of maternal oxygen consumption during gestation was such that metabolic demands did not become significantly elevated until intra-ovarian embryos had hatched and larvae were being incubated (i.e. 24-28 d post-fertilization). Metabolic rates of females in this latter stage of gestation were 82% higher than spent females and 101% higher than those of non-reproductive males. We determined that 0.08996 cal embryo(-1) was consumed during gestation as compared to the change in energy content of embryos from fertilization to birth which was 0.08699 cal embryo(-1). The difference between the energy consumed and the energy lost during the 29 d gestation period indicated that extra embryonic sources contributed only 3.4% or 0.00306 cal embryo(-1) of the energy utilized after fertilization. Our observations agree with previous work which determined that embryos and larvae of S. flavidus are primarily lecithotrophic and that the relatively high fecundity of S. flavidus coupled with a small egg size, rapid embryogenesis and brief gestation period characterize this species as a relative r-strategist within a genus whose species range broadly over the 'K end' of the r-K continuum. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,TIBURON LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/BF00001819 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QX975 UT WOS:A1995QX97500008 ER PT J AU KENNICUTT, MC MCDONALD, SJ SERICANO, JL BOOTHE, P OLIVER, J SAFE, S PRESLEY, BJ LIU, H WOLFE, D WADE, TL CROCKETT, A BOCKUS, D AF KENNICUTT, MC MCDONALD, SJ SERICANO, JL BOOTHE, P OLIVER, J SAFE, S PRESLEY, BJ LIU, H WOLFE, D WADE, TL CROCKETT, A BOCKUS, D TI HUMAN CONTAMINATION OF THE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT - ARTHUR HARBOR AND MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SOUTH POLAR SKUAS; PARAISO OIL-SPILL; BAHIA-PARAISO; REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE; DIBENZOFURANS PCDFS; DIOXINS PCDDS; HYDROCARBONS AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and trace metal concentrations in McMurdo Sound and Arthur Harbor, Antarctica, sediments and marine biota are reported. Biomarkers of contaminant exposure, biliary metabolites and EROD assays, were also measured. Hydrocarbon and trace metal contamination are generally limited to within hundreds of meters of human settlements. Local releases of fossil fuels, disposal of waste materials, and aging of ship and station structures contribute to contamination. High concentrations of PCBs were detected in sediments (250-4200 ng g(-1)) and organisms (up to 420 ng g(-1)) from Winter Quarters Bay(WQB). Trace metal and PAH sediment concentrations rarely exceed levels known to cause toxic effects in marine organisms, whereas PCBs in WQB often do. Biological responses to exposure include the formation of PAH metabolites and the inducement of the P4501A detoxification system in fish. Induction of EROD activity in in vitro rat hepatoma H4IIE cell bioassays by tissue extracts correlated with known levels of PCB contamination in invertebrate tissues. Local sources of contaminants greatly exceed those attributable to long-distance atmospheric transport. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,OFF OCEAN RESOURCES & ASSESSMENT,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,CTR INTEGRATED ENVIRONM TECHNOL,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP KENNICUTT, MC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,GEOCHEM & ENVIRONM RES GRP,833 GRAHAM RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. RI Wade, Terry/A-4012-2012 NR 30 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1287 DI 10.1021/es00005a600 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV750 UT WOS:A1995QV75000032 PM 22192023 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, DR KAWAMOTO, KE AF KOBAYASHI, DR KAWAMOTO, KE TI EVALUATION OF SHARK, DOLPHIN, AND MONK SEAL INTERACTIONS WITH NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLAND BOTTOMFISHING ACTIVITY - A COMPARISON OF 2 TIME PERIODS AND AN ESTIMATE OF ECONOMIC-IMPACTS SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BOTTOMFISHERIES; DOLPHIN; ECONOMICS; MONK SEAL; PREDATION; SHARK AB The incidence rates of bottomfish damaged by sharks, dolphins, and monk seals were compared from two sources of observer data taken aboard commercial bottomfishing vessels in the Northwestern Hawaiian islands. The current (1990-1993) shark damage rate is significantly different from, and nearly six times higher than, the rate measured in 1981-1982. The dolphin and monk seal damage rates are also currently higher than the earlier rates. These temporal differences could be indicative of an increasing trend in interaction rates. A theoretical model is developed to estimate unobservable losses of fish based on the amount of fishing gear lost. The current economic impact is estimated to be approximately $700,000 annually (or approximately $7000 of lost revenue per trip on average) considering all sources of losses. RP KOBAYASHI, DR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(94)00338-W PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA RA549 UT WOS:A1995RA54900002 ER PT J AU IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR AF IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR TI GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES FOR SECONDARY REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID TOTAL DIET; ELEMENTS AB Primary, secondary and tertiary reference materials (RM) play an important role in quality controls of analytical measurements. Logistics of preparation and proper use of primary and secondary RMs are presented. Tertiary (i.e. in-house) control materials are useful as substitutes in the absence of recognized primary or secondary RMs. The lack of interdisciplinary interaction during development of RMs (e.g. in specific areas such as foods), has an important impact on limiting the usefulness of certain types of RMs. The abundance of RMs in some countries and regions appears to have little effect on the existing paucity in RMs in other regions, and the underlying causes are outlined. The ability of a laboratory to produce good quality in-house RMs traceable to recognized primary or secondary RMs is a direct measure of its quest for reliable analytical data. Therefore many laboratories should be encouraged to engage in secondary and tertiary RM activities designed to answer specific measurement problems. In this context, assistance (e.g. practical training opportunities) in identifying simple methods of analyses for their efficacy in determining specific analytes is a source of help that can be extended to countries experiencing limitations in laboratory instrumentation. C1 USDA ARS,BHNRC,NDL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP IYENGAR, GV (reprint author), NIST,STAND REF MAT PROGRAM,BLDG 235,B125,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600011 ER PT J AU WELCH, MJ ELLERBE, P TAI, SSC CHRISTENSEN, RG SNIEGOSKI, LT SANDER, LC PHINNEY, CS AF WELCH, MJ ELLERBE, P TAI, SSC CHRISTENSEN, RG SNIEGOSKI, LT SANDER, LC PHINNEY, CS TI NIST REFERENCE MATERIALS TO SUPPORT ACCURACY IN DRUG-TESTING SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID URINE; CERTIFICATION AB Substance abuse is a major problem worldwide. There is considerable emphasis placed upon testing individuals for evidence of use of controlled substances. Because the consequences of a positive test can be quite severe, laboratories conducting such tests must rigorously follow a carefully designed quality assurance program. Such a QA program should include use of reference materials to assure that the methods used to detect and quantify drugs are providing accurate results. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) supports accuracy in drugs of abuse testing by providing Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) with certified concentrations of drugs of abuse in urine- and hair-based reference materials. NIST, working in collaboration with the College of American Pathologists (CAP), has developed urine-based SRMs for marijuana metabolite, cocaine metabolite, morphine and codeine, and morphine glucuronide and CAP Reference Materials for amphetamines and phencyclidine. Certification measurements performed at NIST involve two independent methods for each analyte, one of which always uses GC/MS with the other usually being an LC method with either MS or UV detection. Work has recently been completed on a seven component drug in urine SRM. In addition NIST conducts research in the analysis of hair for drugs of abuse. To assist laboratories testing hair for that purpose, NIST has developed two drugs in hair reference materials. RP WELCH, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1007/BF00322298 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600017 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DL DOWNING, RG IYENGAR, GV AF ANDERSON, DL DOWNING, RG IYENGAR, GV TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN FOOD REFERENCE MATERIALS - COMPOSITIONAL AND ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID BOTANICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; SILICON; BORON AB Selection criteria for production of food reference materials need to simultaneously consider realistic proximate matrix compositions, emerging trends for the nutritional and toxicological effects of less-emphasized trace elements (e.g., B, Li, Si, and V), chemical speciation (especially for As, Hg, Se, and Sn), and analyte certification requirements from the analyst's point of view. For the most part, currently available Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) do not meet many of these needs. Candidate CRMs with relevant concentrations of trace elements could be chosen from similar foods with different proximate compositions (e.g., fat content of milk products, meat, or soya flour). Explicit guidance must accompany CRMs so that variations in measured trace element concentrations arising from procedural lapses and basis weight are avoided. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BIOMINERAL SCI INT INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. RP ANDERSON, DL (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF00322307 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600026 ER PT J AU ZEISLER, R BECKER, DA GILLS, TE AF ZEISLER, R BECKER, DA GILLS, TE TI CERTIFYING THE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF A BIOLOGICAL-MATERIAL - A CASE-STUDY SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB A worldwide laboratory intercomparison was organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency's Analytical Quality Control Services (AQCS) involving the determination of trace elements in plant materials used for human consumption. The National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials Program donated 5 kg of spinach designated for the production of the future Standard Reference Material SRM 1570a to this intercomparison; the AQCS provided a similar amount of cabbage. For the study, 150 units of each material were distributed and 114 laboratories reported results on both materials to AQCS. The results for the spinach, encompassing more than forty elements, have been compiled and evaluated; estimates of the elemental concentrations were made based on statistical evaluations, principles of analytical procedures and the laboratory performance indicated by the results on the cabbage material. Satisfactory estimates were obtained for 27 elements. Comparison with IAEA laboratory and NIST reference data did not reveal any significant bias that might have been introduced by the intercomparison approach or its evaluation. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZEISLER, R (reprint author), INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY,SEIBERSDORF LABS,A-1400 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF00322308 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600027 ER PT J AU CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG AF CANTILLO, AY LAUENSTEIN, GG TI USE OF REFERENCE MATERIALS IN COASTAL MONITORING QUALITY ASSURANCE SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB The NOAA National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program determines the current status of, and changes over time in the environmental health of U.S estuarine and coastal waters. Concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants are determined in bivalves, bottom-dwelling fish and sediments. The quality of the analytical data generated by the NS&T Program is overseen by the performance-based Quality Assurance Project, which is designed to document sampling protocols, analytical procedures, and laboratory performance. and to reduce intralaboratory and interlaboratory variation. All NS&T cooperating laboratories are required to participate in yearly intercomparison exercises. The analysis of reference materials, such as the National Research Council of Canada's Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) and National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), and of control materials, is required. Because of the need for marine matrix reference materials and standards, NOAA contributed to the production of eight NIST SRMs and seven internal standard solutions. Analytical data from all control materials and all matrix reference materials are reported to the Program office. RP CANTILLO, AY (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, ORCA 21, 1305 E WEST HWY, 10614, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF00322316 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600035 ER PT J AU BECKER, DA GILLS, TE AF BECKER, DA GILLS, TE TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NIST BOTANICAL SRMS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)) issued the first botanical reference material certified for elemental content in January 1971, as Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1571, Orchard Leaves. In the following years a total of nine additional botanical certified reference materials have been issued by NIST. Each of these materials was certified for major, minor and trace elements except for SRM 2695, certified for fluorine only. Botanical SRMs issued since 1991 are significantly improved over previous materials in a number of ways. Probably the most significant change is the use of a jet-milling process to grind them to extremely fine particles. This has resulted in botanical SRMs with significantly improved homogeneity. These NIST reference materials are described with information on homogeneity, drying techniques and grit content. RP BECKER, DA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00322318 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600037 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, MM BENNER, BA HAYS, MJ KELLY, WR VOCKE, RD DEMIRALP, R GREENBERG, RR SCHILLER, SB LAUENSTEIN, GG WISE, SA AF SCHANTZ, MM BENNER, BA HAYS, MJ KELLY, WR VOCKE, RD DEMIRALP, R GREENBERG, RR SCHILLER, SB LAUENSTEIN, GG WISE, SA TI CERTIFICATION OF STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL (SRM) 1941A, ORGANICS IN MARINE SEDIMENT SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFUR AB SRM 1941a, Organics in Marine Sediment, has been recently issued with certified concentrations for 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 21 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 6 chlorinated pesticides, and sulfur. Noncertified concentrations have been also reported for additional PAHs, PCB congeners, and chlorinated pesticides and for percent total organic carbon (TOC), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements. SRM 1941a is the most extensively characterized natural matrix SRM issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). C1 NIST,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP SCHANTZ, MM (reprint author), NIST,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1007/BF00322319 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600038 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, RR KANE, JS GILLS, TE AF GREENBERG, RR KANE, JS GILLS, TE TI CERTIFICATION OF A NEW NIST FLY-ASH STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB In June 1993 the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released the third version of ''Constituent Elements in Coal Fly Ash'' Standard Reference Material (SRM 1633b). This material is intended for quality assurance purposes in evaluating the analytical methods used for the determination of constituent elements in coal fly ash or in materials with similar matrices. It has been certified for 23 major, minor and trace elements using ten different analytical techniques. For an element to be certified in a NIST SRM, its concentration is usually determined by at least two independent analytical techniques. The concentrations of additional 24 elements are provided for ''information only'' purposes in the new fly ash. Current plans are to certify the concentrations of a number of rare earths upon completion of additional analytical work now in progress. Homogeneity testing was accomplished using instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence. This presentation summarizes the preparation of this new material and the analytical results used for certification. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,STAND REFERENCE MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GREENBERG, RR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1007/BF00322325 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600044 ER PT J AU MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ AF MURPHY, KE PAULSEN, PJ TI THE DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN BLOOD USING ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID ICP-MS; RATIOS; ACCURATE AB Isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) was applied to the certification of Pb in four levels of NIST blood SRM, 955a. This standard reference material (SRM) represents a significant improvement over the previous blood reference material and will greatly aid method development. The lowest level, 47.76 ng/g Pb was determined with an analysis uncertainty (95% Cl, ID-ICP-MS uncertainties) of less than 1% and the highest level, 517.9 ng/g Pb to 0.3%. Uncertainty in the lowest level was due to sample inhomogeneity and variability in the analytical blank as the RSD on ratio measurements was typically better than 0.2%. Properly applied isotope dilution coupled with careful isotope ratio measurements on the ICP-MS offers precision and accuracy for blood Pb analyses beyond what is currently obtainable with routine methods. RP MURPHY, KE (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1007/BF00322327 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600046 ER PT J AU KANE, JS AF KANE, JS TI LEACH DATA VS TOTAL - WHICH IS RELEVANT FOR SRMS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID TRACE-METALS; DISSOLUTION; EXTRACTION; SEDIMENTS; DIGESTION; SOILS AB This paper presents an overview of the available leach data for NIST SRMs(1) currently in distribution or to be released in the near future. These include coal fly ash, soil, sediment and sludge matrices, each leached with only one of several potential acid mixtures as specified in the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Protocol, Method 3050, or Method 3051. These leach values are method-specific and that specificity applies individually to each of several potential leach media which may be used. Therefore leach values cannot be confirmed by the agreement of results obtained by two or more independent methods or techniques, as is NIST practice for certified values. Additionally, the certified values, which have historically been total concentration values, do not provide the necessary quality assurance for environmental studies based on leach data. The information leach values provide this level of quality control for environmental studies. RP KANE, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,STAND REFERENCE MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1007/BF00322328 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600047 ER PT J AU BECKER, DA AF BECKER, DA TI RESOLUTION OF DISCREPANT ANALYTICAL DATA IN THE CERTIFICATION OF PLATINUM IN 2 AUTOMOBILE CATALYST SRMS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB The National Institute of Standards and Tech nology (NIST) recently developed two recycled automobile catalyst materials as standard reference materials (SRMs), in response to a request from the International Precious Metals Institute. Results of analyses for platinum by two different analytical techniques did not agree well, with the means differing up to 6%. The palladium results for these same two techniques in the same materials showed much better agreement. Finally, it was determined that one technique (instrumental neutron activation analysis - INAA) had a small, random interference due to a tantalum impurity in/on the acid washed polyethylene bag used to hold the finely powdered sample. This Ta was not present in any of the empty bags used to evaluate the bag blank. Once this problem was identified, the unique characteristics of the INAA technique allowed the magnitude of the interference to be accurately determined for each sample, data recalculated, and a final result obtained which agreed well with the second technique. RP BECKER, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CSTL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1007/BF00322331 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600050 ER PT J AU REEDER, DJ KLINE, MC RICHIE, KL AF REEDER, DJ KLINE, MC RICHIE, KL TI AN OVERVIEW OF REFERENCE MATERIALS PREPARED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF DNA TYPING PROCEDURES SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SAMPLES; TANDEM REPEATS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; REACTION PCR; AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Although DNA typing is an accurate, precise, and robust procedure, quality assurance is enhanced by availability of a suitable reference material. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently released a Standard Reference Material (SRM) that meets the calibration and quality assurance needs of laboratories that perform DNA typing. Each step of the analytical process of DNA typing may be verified by one or more of twenty different components of the SRM. As newer, more sensitive methods for DNA typing have been introduced into the human identification laboratory repertoire, new SRMs will be required for quality assurance. A second SRM for PCR-based tests is under development and soon to be available, is also described. RP REEDER, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1007/BF00322336 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600055 ER PT J AU REED, WP AF REED, WP TI QUALITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFERENCE MATERIALS, INCLUDING THE ROLE OF TRACEABILITY AND COMPARABILITY SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB The global recognition that quality is an economic issue is requiring analytical chemists to look at the chemical measurement process in a way that has not been done before. Much work has been done in certifying reference materials, writing measurement protocols, creating measurement networks, developing analytical measurement techniques and other efforts to make good measurements. This article explores the meaning of quality in chemical measurements and discusses quality in terms of credibility, reliability, traceability and comparability. The importance of understaning the contribution of comparability and traceability to quality in chemical measurements and chemical metrology is emphasized. RP REED, WP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 250 EP 254 DI 10.1007/BF00322337 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600056 ER PT J AU GRANEY, JR HALLIDAY, AN KEELER, GJ NRIAGU, JO ROBBINS, JA NORTON, SA AF GRANEY, JR HALLIDAY, AN KEELER, GJ NRIAGU, JO ROBBINS, JA NORTON, SA TI ISOTOPIC RECORD OF LEAD POLLUTION IN LAKE-SEDIMENTS FROM THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; TRACE-METALS; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; RATIOS; MICHIGAN; CONTAMINATION; ATMOSPHERE; INDUSTRIAL; EMISSIONS AB Although it is common knowledge that Pb concentrations have increased in lake sediments in the northeastern United States over the last 150 years, the processes responsible have been the subject of debate. In this study, differences in lead isotopic compositions and concentrations in sediment from large lakes (Lake Erie, Ontario, and Michigan) and small ones (Deep Lake and Lake Andrus) are used to infer temporal changes in the source(s) of anthropogenic ph in the Great Lakes region. A natural (background) component of Pb is present in sediment deposited prior to 1860 in Lake Erie and the other lakes as indicated from low Pb concentrations and uniform lead isotopic compositions. Changes in isotopic ratios of lake sediment reflect differing sources of anthropogenic Pb superimposed on the natural component such as regional deforestation from 1860-1890 followed by coal combustion and ore smelting through 1930. Combustion of leaded gasoline was the dominant anthropogenic Pb source to the atmosphere (and by inference to lake sediment) from 1930-1980. Temporal changes in lead isotopic compositions in lake sediment suggest that the source of the Pb used in gasoline additives gradually changed from 1930 to present. The best example is a distinct shift in lead isotopic ratios in lake sediment deposited after 1970 which corresponds to increased Pb production from the Viburnum Trend deposits in Missouri (present in all lakes except Ontario). However, the changes in lead isotopic compositions are much less variable than and do not parallel those calculated on the basis of annual United States mine production and imports. Rather, anthropogenic recycling of Pb as well as natural mixing processes during emission, transport, and deposition of Pb in lake sediment control most of the variation in lead isotope ratios. Differences in lead isotopic ratios in Lake Michigan, Erie, and Deep Lake sediment preserve regional differences in lead isotopic ratios from U.S. and Canadian sources first noted in aerosols by Sturges and Barrie (1987). More localized sources of Pb (such as point discharges) are needed to explain the results from Lake Ontario and Andrus. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. UNIV MAINE,DEPT GEOL SCI,ORONO,ME 04469. RP GRANEY, JR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 72 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 4 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1995 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1715 EP 1728 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00077-D PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA RA715 UT WOS:A1995RA71500004 ER PT J AU MOTE, PW ROSENLOF, KH HOLTON, JR HARWOOD, RS WATERS, JW AF MOTE, PW ROSENLOF, KH HOLTON, JR HARWOOD, RS WATERS, JW TI SEASONAL-VARIATIONS OF WATER-VAPOR IN THE TROPICAL LOWER STRATOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Measurements of stratospheric water vapor by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite show that in the tropical lower stratosphere, low-frequency variations are closely related to the annual cycle in tropical tropopause temperatures. Tropical stratospheric air appears to retain information about the tropopause conditions it encountered for over a year as it rises through the stratosphere. We use a two-dimensional Lagrangian model to relate MLS measurements to the temperature that tropical air parcels encountered when crossing the 100 hPa surface. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI AK40,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,ERL,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UK UNIV GLOBAL ATMOSPHER MODELLING PROGRAMME,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. RP MOTE, PW (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT METEOROL,JCMB,KINGS BLDG,EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270 NR 15 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1096 DI 10.1029/95GL01234 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QW543 UT WOS:A1995QW54300023 ER PT J AU HARMAN, D AF HARMAN, D TI THE 2ND TEXT RETRIEVAL CONFERENCE (TREC-2) SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP HARMAN, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 269 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0306-4573(94)00046-6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA QZ920 UT WOS:A1995QZ92000001 ER PT J AU HARMAN, D AF HARMAN, D TI OVERVIEW OF THE 2ND TEXT RETRIEVAL CONFERENCE (TREC-2) SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB The second Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-2) was held in August, 1993, and was attended by about 150 people involved in 31 participating groups. The goal of the conference was to bring research groups together to discuss their work on a new large test collection. There was a large variation of retrieval techniques reported on, including methods using automatic thesaurii, sophisticated term weighting, natural language techniques, relevance feedback, and advanced pattern matching. As results had been run through a common evaluation package, groups were able to compare the effectiveness of different techniques, and discuss how differences between the systems affected performance. RP HARMAN, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0306-4573(94)00047-7 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA QZ920 UT WOS:A1995QZ92000002 ER PT J AU WINEMAN, AS WALDRON, WK AF WINEMAN, AS WALDRON, WK TI NORMAL STRESS EFFECTS INDUCED DURING CIRCULAR SHEAR OF A COMPRESSIBLE NONLINEAR ELASTIC CYLINDER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID TUBES; TORSION AB The response of compressible non-linear isotropic elastic materials is studied using the problem of the circular shearing of a hollow cylinder. The hollow cylinder's inner surface is fixed and its outer surface is allowed to rotate but not move radially. The present work is concerned with several issues not considered in previous studies, namely, how the load condition and material properties affect the distribution of local volume change and the local shear response. The study is carried out using a generalization of the Blatz-Ko constitutive equation. First, the homogeneous deformation of simple shear superposed on triaxial extension is considered because it can be compared to the local deformation of a material element in a hollow cylinder subjected to circular shear. It is shown that for plane strain without normal tractions, the shear modulus depends on the magnitude of shear K and a loss of monotonicity in the ($) over bar sigma(12) vs K curve is possible for certain material parameters. In circular shear, the cylindrical surfaces rotate about the centerline which produce shear strains in the circumferential direction and associated normal stresses in the radial and circumferential directions. The compressibility of the material allows the cylindrical surfaces to undergo radial expansion or contraction. The radial distribution of shear strain, radial and circumferential stretch ratios, and local volume changes are determined for different values of the material parameters. It is shown that the local volume changes vary monotonically with radius. Regions of volume increase and decrease depend on the values of the material parameters. It is also shown that there is a value of the material parameter for which the local shear stress-shear strain response is found to be non-monotonic, which can lead to kinks in the moment-rotation relation. C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WINEMAN, AS (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1016/0020-7462(94)00043-A PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA RF697 UT WOS:A1995RF69700010 ER PT J AU XIE, PP ARKIN, PA AF XIE, PP ARKIN, PA TI AN INTERCOMPARISON OF GAUGE OBSERVATIONS AND SATELLITE ESTIMATES OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; GRIDPOINT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; SURROUNDING WATERS; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PACIFIC OCEAN; CLOUD; RETRIEVAL; JAPAN AB In order to further our quantitative understanding of the advantages and the shortcomings of the various sources of data used to represent climatic-scale precipitation. monthly gauge observations and satellite estimates are intercompared for global grid areas of 2.5 degrees latitude/longitude for a period from July 1987 to June 1990. The results show that 1) at least five gauges are necessary to construct an areal-averaged monthly mean for the grids with accuracy of 10%, and 10% of the global land grids satisfy the requirement: 2) both microwave- and IR-based satellite estimates give similar spatial distributions of precipitation with good agreement with gauge observations for the warm seasons and over the tropical Pacific Ocean; and 3) the satellite estimates, especially those from the IR-based algorithm, exhibit poorer correspondence with gauge observations over land areas for the cold seasons. These results show that, for many applications, no single type of data can be used as the source for a monthly precipitation dataset with full global coverage, suggesting the need to improve the algorithms and to develop methods of combining the individual data sources, particularly in estimating extratropical precipitation. RP XIE, PP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,W NMC,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010 NR 61 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1160 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<1143:AIOGOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QW518 UT WOS:A1995QW51800014 ER PT J AU SAETA, PN GALLAGHER, AC AF SAETA, PN GALLAGHER, AC TI VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE FROM SINGLE CRYSTAL-SILICON QUANTUM-WELLS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIO2/SI INTERFACE; POROUS SILICON; CONFINEMENT; SILOXENE; DENSITY; OXYGEN RP SAETA, PN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,CAMPUS BOX 440,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 9 BP 4639 EP 4642 DI 10.1063/1.359430 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QV479 UT WOS:A1995QV47900061 ER PT J AU BURNETT, EB BURNETT, CR AF BURNETT, EB BURNETT, CR TI ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF STRATOSPHERIC OH FROM METHANE OXIDATION AT ELEVATED REACTIVE CHLORINE LEVELS IN NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HYDROXYL; METHANE OXIDATION; STRATOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; TRACE CONSTITUENTS ID ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENT; VERTICAL COLUMN ABUNDANCE; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; CLO; O3; SPACELAB-3 AB Examination of odd-hydrogen production and loss processes in the lower stratosphere, reveals that the large abundances of midlatitude ClO recently measured requires a reassessment of the OH yield from methane oxidation due to a more rapid initiation of the methane oxidation sequence by atomic chlorine. Using a steady state calculation for OH and an iterative procedure for evaluating odd-hydrogen production from the methane oxidation sequence, we demonstrate that both OH and reactive chlorine are amplified below 25 km. The amplified values of OH and ClO are found to be consistent with recent measurements of ClO concentrations and of OH column abundances. C1 FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. RP BURNETT, EB (reprint author), NOAA, FRITZ PEAK OBSERV, POB 59, ROLLINSVILLE, CO 80474 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 13 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF00712436 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RL085 UT WOS:A1995RL08500002 ER PT J AU MATHEW, M AMMON, HL AF MATHEW, M AMMON, HL TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF DECACALCIUM TETRAPOTASSIUM HEXAKIS(PYROPHOSPHATE) NONAHYDRATE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM POTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; LAYER-TYPE STRUCTURE AB The crystal structure of Ca10K4(P2O7)(6) . 9H(2)O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are hexagonal, space group P6(3)cm with a = 11.761(1), c = 9.770(1) Angstrom, and Z = 1. The structure was refined to R = 0.028 and R(w) = 0.037 for 468 reflections with I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I). The structure consists of a compact assembly of Ca and P2O7 ions arranged in layers perpendicular to the c-axis in a hexagonal array with relatively large open channels along the c-axis. The K ions and the water molecules are located in these open channels and are disordered. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MATHEW, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1007/BF01665172 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA RG249 UT WOS:A1995RG24900002 ER PT J AU VANZEE, RD STEPHENSON, JC AF VANZEE, RD STEPHENSON, JC TI LIFETIME OF THE CH3OH-ASTERISK INTERMEDIATE IN THE REACTION CH4+O(D-1(2))-]-CH3OH-ASTERISK-]CH3+OH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID VIBRATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; BIMOLECULAR REACTION; CO2-HI COMPLEXES; O(1D2); OH; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CH4; DISSOCIATION; HYDROCARBONS; SPECTROSCOPY RP VANZEE, RD (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 17 BP 6946 EP 6948 DI 10.1063/1.469132 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QU836 UT WOS:A1995QU83600034 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, MD FLEMING, HE AF GOLDBERG, MD FLEMING, HE TI AN ALGORITHM TO GENERATE DEEP-LAYER TEMPERATURES FROM MICROWAVE SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF MONITORING CLIMATE-CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; PRECISION; RETRIEVAL; ANOMALIES; MSU AB An algorithm for generating deep-layer mean temperatures from satellite-observed microwave observations is presented. Unlike traditional temperature retrieval methods, this algorithm does not require a first guess temperature of the ambient atmosphere. By eliminating the first guess a potentially systematic source of error has been removed. The algorithm is expected to yield long-term records that are suitable for detecting small changes in climate. The atmospheric contribution to the deep-layer mean temperature is given by the averaging kernel. The algorithm computes the coefficients that will best approximate a desired averaging kernel from a linear combination of the satellite radiometer's weighting functions. The coefficients are then applied to the measurements to yield the deep-layer mean temperature. Three constraints were used in deriving the algorithm: 1) the sum of the coefficients must be one, 2) the noise of the product is minimized, and 3) the shape of the approximated averaging kernel is well behaved. Note that a trade-off between constraints 2 and 3 is unavoidable. The algorithm can also be used to combine measurements from a future sensor [i.e., the 20-channel Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)] to yield the same averaging kernel as that based on an earlier sensor [i.e., the 4-channel Microwave Sounding Unit ( MSU)]. This will allow a time series of deep-layer mean temperatures based on MSU measurements to be continued with AMSU measurements. The AMSU is expected to replace the MSU in 1996. RP GOLDBERG, MD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 993 EP 1004 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0993:AATGDL>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB231 UT WOS:A1995RB23100003 ER PT J AU STERN, W MIYAKODA, K AF STERN, W MIYAKODA, K TI FEASIBILITY OF SEASONAL FORECASTS INFERRED FROM MULTIPLE GCM SIMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; 1970-1989 SST; DROUGHT; ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY AB Assuming that SST provides the major lower boundary forcing for the atmosphere, observed SSTs are prescribed for an ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) simulations. The ensemble consists of 9 ''decadal'' runs with different initial conditions chosen between 1 January 1979 and 1 January 1981 and integrated about 10 years. The main objective is to explore the feasibility of seasonal forecasts using GCMs. The extent to which the individual members of the ensemble reproduce the solutions of each other (i.e., reproducibility) may be taken as an indication of potential predictability. in addition, the ability of a particular GCM to produce realistic solutions, when compared with observations, must also be addressed as part of the predictability problem. A measure of reproducibility may be assessed from the spread among ensemble members. A normalized spread index, sigma(n)/sigma(s) can be defined at any point in space and time, as the variability of the ensemble (sigma(n)) normalized by the climatological seasonal variability (sigma(s)). In the time mean it is found that the reproducibility is significantly below unity for certain regions. Low values of the spread index are seen generally in the Tropics, whereas the extratropics does not exhibit a high degree of reproducibility. However, if one examines plots in time of seasonal mean sigma(n)/sigma(s) for the U.S. region, for example, it is found that for certain periods this index is much less than unity, perhaps implying ''occasional potential predictability.'' In this regard, time series of ensemble mean soil moisture and precipitation over the United States are compared with corresponding observations. This study reveals some marginal skill in simulating periods of drought and excessive wetness over the United States during the 1980s (i.e., the droughts of 1981 and 1988 and the excessive wetness during the 1982/83 El Nino). In addition, by focusing on regions of better time-averaged reproducibility-that is, the southeast-United States and northeast Brazil-a clearer indication of relationship between good reproducibility and seasonal predictability seems to emerge. RP STERN, W (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,US ROUTE 1,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 56 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1071 EP 1085 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1071:FOSFIF>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB231 UT WOS:A1995RB23100008 ER PT J AU CHEN, WY VANDENDOOL, H AF CHEN, WY VANDENDOOL, H TI LOW-FREQUENCY ANOMALIES IN THE NMC MRF MODEL AND REALITY SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PERSISTENCE; VARIABILITY; BLOCKING; SKEWNESS; HEIGHT AB A low-resolution version of the National Meteorological Center's global spectral model was used to generate a 10-year set of simulated daily meteorological data. Wintertime low-frequency large-amplitude anomalies were examined and compared with those observed in the real atmosphere. The geographical distributions of the mean and variance of model and real atmosphere show some resemblance. However, careful comparisons reveal distinct regions where short-term climate anomalies prefer to develop. The model's low-frequency anomalies (LFAs) over the North Pacific (North Atlantic) tend to occur about 1500 miles east (southeast) of those observed, locating themselves much closer to the western continents. Because of the misplacement of the model's LFA centers, their associated circulation patterns deviate substantially from those observed. The frequency distributions of the LFAs for both the model and reality display large skewness. The positive and negative large LFAs were, therefore, examined separately, and four-way intercomparisons were conducted between the model, the observed, the positive, and the negative LFAs. The separate analyses resulted in distinguishable circulation patterns between the positive and negative large LFAs, which cannot possibly be identified if a linear analysis tool, such as an empirical orthogonal function analysis, were used to extract the most dominant mode of the circulations. Despite pronounced misplacement of large LFAs of both polarities and a general underestimation of their magnitudes, the model does have the capability of persisting its short-term climate anomaly at certain geographical locations. Over the North Pacific, the model's positive LFAs persist as long or longer than those found in reality, while its negative LFAs persist only one-fourth as long (10 versus 40 days). The principal storm tracks and mean zonal wind at 250 mb (U250) were also examined to supplement the low-frequency anomaly investigation. Contrasting with observations, the model's U250s display considerable eastward extension and its storm tracks near the jet exit show substantial equatorward displacement over both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans. These model characteristics are consistent with the behavior that the model's large LFAs also prefer to develop over the regions far east and southeast of those observed in the real atmosphere. C1 NCEP, NWS, NOAA, CTR CLIMATE PREDICT, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1385 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1369:LFAITN>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB232 UT WOS:A1995RB23200009 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T BENTZ, D BYRD, E AF NGUYEN, T BENTZ, D BYRD, E TI METHOD FOR MEASURING WATER DIFFUSION IN A COATING APPLIED TO A SUBSTRATE SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC COATINGS; ATR SPECTROSCOPY; PAINT FILMS; TRANSPORT AB A method based on Fourier transform infrared-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectroscopy was developed for measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in a coating applied to a substrate. The method requires an application of a coating of any thickness on an internal reflection element, which serves as the substrate, with the attachment of a water chamber to the coated and FTIR-MIR spectra are collected automatically without disturbing the specimen or the instrument. The amount of water at the coating/substrate interface was determined using a model based on the theory of internal reflection spectroscopy. A mass-time curve for water at the interface is established, which provides the time-lag value, the time required for water to diffuse through the coating film and reach the interface. The diffusion coefficient (D) is then determined by the time-lag equation. For thick coating films (> 25 mu m), D may be estimated from the FTIR-MIR in situ intensity data only. The sensitivity of FTIR-MIR spectroscopy and the strong FTIR absorption of water molecules make this an ideal method for measuring the diffusivity of liquid water through a coating applied to a substrate. RP NGUYEN, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 46 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 67 IS 844 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QY922 UT WOS:A1995QY92200003 ER PT J AU TOBIN, SP TOWER, JP NORTON, PW CHANDLERHOROWITZ, D AMIRTHARAJ, PM LOPES, VC DUNCAN, WM SYLLAIOS, AJ ARD, CK GILES, NC LEE, J BALASUBRAMANIAN, R BOLLONG, AB STEINER, TW THEWALT, MLW BOWEN, DK TANNER, BK AF TOBIN, SP TOWER, JP NORTON, PW CHANDLERHOROWITZ, D AMIRTHARAJ, PM LOPES, VC DUNCAN, WM SYLLAIOS, AJ ARD, CK GILES, NC LEE, J BALASUBRAMANIAN, R BOLLONG, AB STEINER, TW THEWALT, MLW BOWEN, DK TANNER, BK TI A COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS IN CDZNTE SUBSTRATES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of Mercury Cadmium Telluride and Other IR Materials CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL SEATTLE, WA SP USA, CECOM NIGHT VIS & ELECTR SENSORS DIRECTORATE, USAF, WRIGHT LAB, USN, OFF NAVAL TECHNOL DE CDZNTE; HGCDTE; LATTICE CONSTANT; NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOREFLECTANCE ID CD1-XZNXTE; CRYSTALLINE; GROWTH; CDTE AB We report an overview and a comparison of nondestructive optical techniques for determining alloy composition x in Cd1-xZnxTe substrates for HgCdTe epitaxy. The methods for single-point measurements include a new x-ray diffraction technique for precision lattice parameter measurements using a standard high-resolution diffractometer, room-temperature photoreflectance, and low-temperature photoluminescence. We compare measurements on the same set of samples by all three techniques. Comparisons of precision and accuracy, with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different techniques, are presented. In addition, a new photoluminescence excitation technique for full-wafer imaging of composition variations is described. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,DALLAS,TX 75265. II VI INC,SAXONBURG,PA 16056. W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. JOHNSON MATTHEY ELECTR,SPOKANE,WA 99216. SIMON FRASER UNIV,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. UNIV WARWICK,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. UNIV DURHAM,DURHAM DH3 1LE,ENGLAND. RP TOBIN, SP (reprint author), LORAL INFRARED & IMAGING SYST,LEXINGTON,MA 02173, USA. RI Thewalt, Michael/B-3534-2008 OI Thewalt, Michael/0000-0002-5806-0618 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 24 IS 5 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1007/BF02657981 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA QZ283 UT WOS:A1995QZ28300040 ER PT J AU MACFARLANE, RB BOWERS, MJ AF MACFARLANE, RB BOWERS, MJ TI MATROTROPHIC VIVIPARITY IN THE YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH SEBASTES FLAVIDUS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATROTROPHIC VIVIPARITY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; VITELLOGENIN; YOLK PROTEINS; EMBRYOS; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; SEBASTES FLAVIDUS ID MATERNAL-FETAL RELATIONSHIP; BLENNY ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; GENUS SEBASTES; YOLK PROTEINS; VITELLOGENIN; INDUCTION; REPRODUCTION; TACZANOWSKII; ENERGETICS AB A capacity for matrotrophic viviparity was established in the yellowtail rockfish Sebastes flavidus (Teleostei:Scorpaeniformes), The incorporation of radiolabel into embryos from [C-14]phosphatidylcholine present in the maternal serum during gestation provided the first in vivo demonstration of matrotrophy of phospholipid for any viviparous teleost and of any nutrient for a member of the genus Sebastes, Radiolabel content increased as embryos progressed through ontogeny. Serum proteins of 170kDa, present in vitellogenic and embryogenic females, but not in earlier stages, in immature females or in males, indicated the presence of vitellogenin in pregnant females and, thus, the potential for matrotrophic supplementation to yolk sequestered before fertilization, The retention of higher molecular mass proteins and highly phosphorylated proteins and the maintenance of total protein content in yolk during early to mid embryogenesis argue for exogenous maternal supply during gestation, As ovarian development proceeded from the oocyte through successive embryonic stages, the distribution of yolk proteins shifted from higher (67-97 kDa) to lower molecular masses (<70 kDa). The results of these experimental studies corroborate data from held investigations showing that yellowtail rockfish can matrotrophically supplement embryo nutrients obtained before fertilization, Thus, yellowtail rockfish represent a teleost species positioned within the viviparity continuum and not at its extremes. RP MACFARLANE, RB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 198 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1206 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA QY696 UT WOS:A1995QY69600015 ER PT J AU EKLUND, MW POYSKY, FT PARANJPYE, RN LASHBROOK, LC PETERSON, ME PELROY, GA AF EKLUND, MW POYSKY, FT PARANJPYE, RN LASHBROOK, LC PETERSON, ME PELROY, GA TI INCIDENCE AND SOURCES OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN COLD-SMOKED FISHERY PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; SMOKED FISH; PROCESSING; PLANTS ID DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALMON; STORAGE; FOODS; BEHAVIOR; POULTRY; SEAFOOD; GROWTH; MILK AB Cold-smoked salmon processing plants were surveyed to determine the occurrence and sources of L. manocytogenes contamination. Sanitation and cleanup procedures adequately eliminated L. monocytogenes from the processing line and equipment, but recontamination occurred soon after resumption of processing. The primary source of contamination proved to be the surface areas of frozen or fresh raw fish coming into the plant. Listeria species were not isolated from the flesh except when they were introduced during the filleting operation, by the injection of recirculated brine, or in localized areas where there were pre-existing bruises. Penetration of L. manocytogenes into intact flesh via the vascular system did not occur when fresh fish were immobilized with carbon dioxide and bled, nor when frozen, headed, and eviscerated fish were thawed for 20 h in water inoculated with 44 L. monocytogenes organisms per ml. Populations of L. monocytogenes inoculated onto the surface of brined salmon portions changed very little during a cold-smoke process at 72 to 87 degrees F (22.2 to 30.6 degrees C) for 20 h, with or without applied smoke; but when the processing temperature was lowered to 63 to 70 degrees F (17.2 to 21.1 degrees C), populations decreased 10- to 25-fold when smoke was applied. L. monocytogenes injected into the interior of these portions increased 2- to 6-fold at 63 to 70 degrees F (17.2 to 21.1 degrees C) and 100-fold at 72 to 87 degrees F (22.2 to 30.6 degrees C), regardless of the presence of smoke. L. monocytogenes was enumerated in 48 contaminated finished products collected from six different processing plants. L. monocytogenes populations ranged from 0.3 to 34.3 cells per g, with a mean of 6.2 per g and a median of 3.2 per g. RP EKLUND, MW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 31 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 5 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 58 IS 5 BP 502 EP 508 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RA620 UT WOS:A1995RA62000006 ER PT J AU ELPHINSTONE, RD HEARN, DJ COGGER, LL MURPHREE, JS SINGER, H SERGEEV, V MURSULA, K KLUMPAR, DM REEVES, GD JOHNSON, M OHTANI, S POTEMRA, TA SANDAHL, I NIELSEN, E PERSSON, M OPGENOORTH, H NEWELL, PT FELDSTEIN, YI AF ELPHINSTONE, RD HEARN, DJ COGGER, LL MURPHREE, JS SINGER, H SERGEEV, V MURSULA, K KLUMPAR, DM REEVES, GD JOHNSON, M OHTANI, S POTEMRA, TA SANDAHL, I NIELSEN, E PERSSON, M OPGENOORTH, H NEWELL, PT FELDSTEIN, YI TI OBSERVATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF SUBSTORM ONSET - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SUBSTORM PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; GROWTH-PHASE; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; AURORAL DISTRIBUTION; PLASMA SHEET; CDAW-7 SUBSTORM; VIKING; MODEL; FIELD; PRECIPITATION AB Multi-instrument data sets from the ground and satellites at both low and high altitude have provided new results concerning substorm onset and its source region in the magnetosphere. Twenty-six out of 37 substorm onset events showed evidence of azimuthally spaced auroral forms (AAFs) prior to the explosive poleward motion associated with optical substorm onset. The azimuthal wavelengths associated with these onsets were found to range between 132 and 583 km with a mean value of 307 +/- 115 km. The occurrence rate increased with decreasing wavelength down to a cutoff wavelength near 130 km. AAFs can span 8 hours of local time prior to onset and generally propagate eastward in the morning sector. Onset itself is, however, more localized spanning only about 1 hour local time. The average location of the peak intensity for 80 onsets was 65.9 +/- 3.5 CGMlat, 22.9 +/- 1.2 Mlt, whereas the average location of the AAF onsets was at 63.8 +/- 3.3 CGMlat, 22.9 +/- 1.1 Mlt. AAF onsets occur during time periods when the solar wind pressure is relatively high. These low-latitude wavelike onsets appear as precursors in the form of long-period magnetic pulsations (Pc 5 band) and frequently occur on the equatorward portion of the double oval distribution. AAFs brighten in conjunction with substorm onset leading to the conclusion that they are a growth phase activity causally related to substorm onset. Precursor activity associated with these AAFs is also seen near geosynchronous orbit altitude and examples show the relationship between the various instrumental definitions of substorm onset. The implied mode number (30 to 135) derived from this work is inconsistent with cavity mode resonances but is consistent with a modified flute/ballooning instability which requires azimuthal pressure gradients. It is suggested that this instability exists in growth phase but that an additional factor exists in the premidnight sector which results in an explosive onset. The extended source region and die distance to the open-closed field line region constrain reconnection theory and local mechanisms for substorm onset. It is demonstrated that multiple onset substorms can exist for which localized dipolarizations and the Pi 2 occur simultaneously with tail stretching existing elsewhere. Further, the tail can be less stretched at geosynchronous orbit during the optical auroral onset than during the precursor pseudobreakups. These pseudobreakups can be initiated by auroral streamers which originate at the most poleward set of are systems and drift to the more equatorward main UV oval. Observations are presented of these AAFs in conjunction with low- and high-altitude particle and magnetic field data. These place the activations at the interface between dipolar and taillike field lines probably near the peak in the cross-tail current. These onsets are put in the context of a new scenario for substorm morphology which employs individual modules which operate independently or couple together. This allows particular substorm events to be more accurately described and investigated. C1 IZMIRAN, TROITSK 142092, RUSSIA. LOCKHEED MISSILES & SPACE CO INC, SPACE SCI LAB, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. UNIV OULU, DEPT PHYS, SF-90570 OULU, FINLAND. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, APPL PHYS LAB, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA. MAX PLANCK INST AERON, W-3411 LINDAU, GERMANY. SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, S-75590 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, S-98128 KIRUNA, SWEDEN. UNIV ST PETERSBURG, INST PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. NOAA, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP UNIV CALGARY, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CALGARY, AB T2N 1N4, CANADA. RI Mursula, Kalevi/L-8952-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Mursula, Kalevi/0000-0003-4892-5056; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 NR 88 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A5 BP 7937 EP 7969 DI 10.1029/94JA02938 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QY981 UT WOS:A1995QY98100036 ER PT J AU GROSSHANDLER, W PRESSER, C LOWE, D RINKINEN, W AF GROSSHANDLER, W PRESSER, C LOWE, D RINKINEN, W TI ASSESSING HALON ALTERNATIVES FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINE NACELLE FIRE SUPPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE COMBUSTION; FIRE FLAMES; REACTING FLOWS AB A coaxial turbulent spray burner was built to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different chemicals for suppressing fires in a jet engine nacelle. The fire suppressant of current choice, halon 1301 (CF3Br), must be replaced because of its detrimental effect on the ozone layer. The alternatives being considered lack the chemical activity of CF3Br, so that the ability of the agents to mix into the flame convectively and to absorb heat is critical to their success. An agent delivery system was designed to inject the desired amount of material into the air upstream of a fuel nozzle and to control the agent injection rate through variation of the storage pressure and the duration of time that a solenoid valve remains open. The influence of air velocity, fuel flow, and injection period on the amount of nitrogen required to extinguish a jet fuel spray flame is discussed. The effectiveness of eleven different fluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons is compared to that of halon 1301. The alternatives required 1.7 to 2.3 times the amount (on a mass basis) of CF3Br to extinguish the spray flame, with HCFC-22 being the most efficient and FC-31-10 the least. RP GROSSHANDLER, W (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1995 VL 117 IS 2 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1115/1.2822548 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA RC949 UT WOS:A1995RC94900035 ER PT J AU XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S AF XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S TI MICROFRACTURE AND MATERIAL REMOVAL IN SCRATCHING OF ALUMINA SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE; BRITTLE SOLIDS; ALPHA-ALUMINA; SEVERE WEAR; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; DAMAGE; TRANSITION; CRACKING; MILD AB A bonded-interface sectioning technique is used to examine subsurface damage modes and to identify mechanisms of material removal in repeated single-point scratching of alumina as a function of grain size, load, and number of passes. In the fine grain alumina, the lateral and median crack system is observed, together with intergranular microcracks and intragrain twin/slip bands distributed within the plastic zone, The distributed form of damage, namely twin/slip bands and intergranular microcracks, are also observed in the coarse grain alumina; but no evidence is found for well-defined median and lateral cracks in this material. The mechanism of material removal in alumina is identified as grain dislodgement resulting from grain boundary microcracking, irrespective of the grain size. Extension of lateral cracks is found to contribute to the material removal process only in the fine grain alumina scratched under a large load and after several passes. A model for the microfracture-controlled material removal process is proposed that relates the volume of material removed to the applied load and material properties including grain size, elastic modulus, hardness, and short-crack toughness. Removal rate is shown to be proportional to grain size I-1/2 and to load P-2. The model and the experimental results obtained in scratching are used to describe the action of an individual abrasive grit in grinding and other abrasive machining processes. RP XU, HHK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 45 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 15 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2235 EP 2247 DI 10.1007/BF01184566 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA RA161 UT WOS:A1995RA16100007 ER PT J AU HUNT, FY DOUGLAS, JF BERNAL, J AF HUNT, FY DOUGLAS, JF BERNAL, J TI PROBABILISTIC COMPUTATION OF POISEUILLE FLOW VELOCITY-FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POROUS-MEDIA; FRACTAL DRUMS; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; SUSPENSIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; NETWORKS C1 NIST, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 124 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2386 EP 2401 DI 10.1063/1.531044 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA QX906 UT WOS:A1995QX90600011 ER PT J AU HILLERY, BR GIRARD, JE SCHANTZ, M WISE, SA MALIK, A LEE, ML AF HILLERY, BR GIRARD, JE SCHANTZ, M WISE, SA MALIK, A LEE, ML TI COMPARISON OF SELECTIVITIES FOR PCBS IN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR A SERIES OF CYANOBIPHENYL STATIONARY PHASES SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; CYANOBIPHENYL PHASES; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; CHLOROBIPHENYL CONGENERS; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; RETENTION; SEPARATIONS; SHAPE; PESTICIDES; C18 AB Selectivity for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was examined for a series of cyanobiphenyl stationary phases, and the results were compared to a nonpolar 5% phenyl methylpolysiloxane phase and a shape-selective smectic liquid crystalline phase. For all of the columns studied, the degree of ortho substitution of the congener was found to be a significant factor controlling chromatographic retention of PCBs. The retention pattern on six different cyanobiphenyl phases followed the same general pattern as on the liquid crystalline column, though the trends were more exaggerated on the liquid crystalline phase. While the general retention pattern was similar for all of the cyanobiphenyl phases studied, subtle differences were observed, resulting in significant selectivity differences. For isomeric planar PCB congeners, elution order could be correlated to length-to-breadth ratios. Among the cyanobiphenyl phases, the p,p- and the o,p,p-cyanobiphenyl phases had the greatest enhancement of retention for planar congeners. A shape-selective test mixture reflected the similarity of retention on the cyanobiphenyl phases to both the 5% phenyl methylpolysiloxane phase and the smectic liquid crystalline phase. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVO,UT 84602. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220070306 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RR968 UT WOS:A1995RR96800005 ER PT J AU LOVAS, FJ ZOBOV, N FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD AF LOVAS, FJ ZOBOV, N FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD TI THE MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM AND STRUCTURE OF CH3NO2-H2O SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; DIMER; SPECTROMETER; ACETYLENE; ETHYLENE AB The microwave spectrum of the nitromethane-water complex (CH3NO2-H2O) has been studied with a pulsed-beam Fourier-transform Fabry-Perot-cavity spectrometer. Both a-type and b-type transitions were observed for the A state of the complex with the b-type transition being more intense by a factor of 2. Critical to the rotational assignments were well resolved N-14 nuclear electric quadrupole transitions, and the incorporation of the pulsed nozzle in one of the mirrors which provided a beam coaxial with the cavity axis to attain linewidths of about 2 kHz (full-width at half maximum-FWHM). To provide additional structural information, the spectra of the HDO, D2O, and CD3NO2 substituents were assigned. The molecular structure derived from the moments of inertia has a center of mass separation of 3.506(7) Angstrom. The moments of inertia can not distinguish between two possible forms of the complex, one with the dipole moment vectors aligned and the other with them antialigned. Measurement of the dipole moment components, mu(a) = 4.15(4) X 10(-30) C . m (mu(a) = 1.243(11) D) and mu(b) = 5.96(4) X 10(30) C . m (mu(b) = 1.706(12)D), resolves this difficulty and shows that the dipole moment vectors are antialigned. The molecular complex is quite strongly bound with a harmonic pseudodiatomic stretching force constant, k(s) = 9.30 N/m, and hydrogen bond lengths of approximately 2.1 Angstrom between the water O atom and a CH3 H atom, and between a water H atom and an oxygen atom of NO2. One standard deviation uncertainty is shown in parentheses for each experimental value reported. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1111 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QW672 UT WOS:A1995QW67200014 ER PT J AU IOANNOU, II KUCZKOWSKI, RL HOUGEN, JT AF IOANNOU, II KUCZKOWSKI, RL HOUGEN, JT TI THE ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTRUM OF ARGON-ACETALDEHYDE - THEORY AND ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID WATER DIMER; VANDERWAALS COMPLEX AB The microwave spectrum of argon-acetaldehyde is split into quartets which are rotation-tunneling in character. Qualitatively, each asymmetric-rotor level is first split into an A and an E component by internal rotation of the methyl group. These A and E components are then each further split into another doublet, as the argon (effectively) tunnels from a position above the acetaldehyde heavy atom plane to an equivalent position below that plane. The observed transitions (220 lines with J less than or equal to 7) have been fitted to nearly experimental accuracy (8 kHz) using 29 parameters. The Hamiltonian was expressly designed for the Ar-acetaldehyde system and was constructed using group-theoretical considerations and principles from the generalized internal axis method formalism originally developed for the water dimer. This is the first application of the method to a case involving an inversion motion and methyl internal rotation. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP IOANNOU, II (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 1 BP 265 EP 286 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1116 PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QW672 UT WOS:A1995QW67200019 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, RR MACKEY, EA BECKER, DA AF GREENBERG, RR MACKEY, EA BECKER, DA TI THE APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF THE NEW NIST FLY-ASH SRM SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC-III) CY APR 10-16, 1994 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Div Isotopes & Radiat, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Biol & Med, Amer Nucl Soc, NO Calif Sect AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently released the second renewal of its ''Trace Elements in Coal my Ash'' Standard Reference Material (SRM 1633b). This new material is currently certified for 23 major, minor and trace elements, and concentrations of an additional 24 elements are provided for ''information only'' purposes. Current plans are to certify the concentrations of a number of rare earths upon completion of additional analytical work now in progress. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has played a major role in the certification of this new material in view of its potential for accuracy, multielemental capability, ability to assess homogeneity, high sensitivity for many elements, and essentially blank-free nature. For an element to be certified in a NIST SRM its concentration is usually determined by at least two independent analytical techniques. INAA has provided analytical information for 15 of the 23 elements certified, as well as for 22 of the 24 elements listed for ''information only.'' In addition, INAA has provided much of the homogeneity information for this SRM. This paper will describe these analytical procedures, and highlight those designed to optimize and assess the accuracy of the INAA measurements. RP GREENBERG, RR (reprint author), NIST,CTR ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 193 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF02041911 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RC233 UT WOS:A1995RC23300001 ER PT J AU BECKER, DA AF BECKER, DA TI DETERMINATION OF 21 ELEMENTS BY INAA FOR CERTIFICATION OF SRM-1570A, SPINACH SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC-III) CY APR 10-16, 1994 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Div Isotopes & Radiat, Amer Nucl Soc, Div Biol & Med, Amer Nucl Soc, NO Calif Sect AB Analyses for certification have been made by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the determination of 21 elements in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Spinach renewal reference material, SRM 1570a. Elements determined included ones with short halflife products (Al, V, Ca, Mg), intermediate halflife products (Mn, Na, K, La), and long halflife products (Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, and Zn). For the first time a new robotic sample changer was used in the counting of long halflife indicator isotopes for certification of an SRM. Uncertainties obtained averaged +/- 1.80% for the four major and minor constituents (Ca, K, Mg, Na); +/- 3.14% for elements with concentrations from 1 to 400 mg/kg (Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Rb, Sr, and Zn); and +/- 8.31% for the ultra trace elements (<1 mg/kg) (Go, Cs, Eu, La, Sb, Sc, Se, Th, and V). RP BECKER, DA (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 193 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF02041913 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RC233 UT WOS:A1995RC23300003 ER PT J AU OHNO, Y SAUTER, G AF OHNO, Y SAUTER, G TI 1993 INTERCOMPARISON OF PHOTOMETRIC UNITS MAINTAINED AT NIST (USA) AND PTB (GERMANY) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CANDELA; INTERCOMPARISON; LUMEN; LUMINOUS INTENSITY; LUMINOUS FLUX; PHOTOMETER; RESPONSIVITY; TOTAL FLUX, UNITS AB A bilateral intercomparison of photometric units between NIST, USA and PTB, Germany has been conducted to update the knowledge of the relationship between the photometric units disseminated in each country. The luminous intensity unit (cd) and the luminous flux unit (Im) maintained at both laboratories are compared by circulating transfer standard lamps. Also, the photometric responsivity s(v) is compared by circulating a V(lambda)-corrected detector with a built-in current-to-voltage converter. The results show that the difference of luminous intensity unit between NIST and PTB, (PTB - NIST)/NIST, is 0.2% with a relative expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of 0.24%. The difference is reduced significantly from that at the 1985 CCPR intercomparison (0.9%). The difference in luminous flux unit, (PTB - NIST)/NIST, is found to be 1.5% with a relative expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of 0.15%. The difference remained nearly the same as that at the 1985 intercomparison (1.6%). These results agree with what is predicted from the history of maintaining the units at each laboratory. C1 PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, DIV OPT,OPT ABT,LIGHT & RADIAT GRP,PHOTOMETRY LAB, D-38023 BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY. RP OHNO, Y (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS LAB, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.6028/jres.100.016 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200002 ER PT J AU TRAVIS, JC WINCHESTER, NK SMITH, MV AF TRAVIS, JC WINCHESTER, NK SMITH, MV TI DETERMINATION OF THE TRANSMITTANCE UNIFORMITY OF OPTICAL FILTER STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE CAMERA; FILTER CERTIFICATION; OPTICAL FILTERS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; TRANSMITTANCE HOMOGENEITY AB An instrument based on a scientific grade charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system is performance-qualified to evaluate the transmittance homogeneity of solid optical filter standard reference materials. Measurement results are presented for the new instrument, and compared, where appropriate, with an older, scanning instrument, for a variety of filters spanning transmittances down to 0.01. The new instrument is found to give comparable results with the older instrument, with reduced random uncertainty and improved information content. RP TRAVIS, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, DIV ANALYT CHEM, ATOM & MOLEC SPECTROMETRY GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.6028/jres.100.017 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200003 ER PT J AU RANDA, J AF RANDA, J TI LOW-FREQUENCY MODEL FOR RADIOFREQUENCY ABSORBERS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSORBER MODELING; ABSORBING WALLS; ANECHOIC CHAMBERS; EMC MODELING; EMI/EMC ID ANECHOIC CHAMBER; SCATTERING; DESIGN AB A simple model is developed to characterize the behavior of radio-frequency absorbers at low frequency. The absorber is represented by a flat, homogeneous, isotropic slab of lossy material, with effective constitutive parameters. These parameters are determined by a fit to measured data. Excellent fits are obtained in the two applications considered. The model is intended for use in the characterization of absorber-lined chambers at low frequency. It could also be used to predict the low-frequency performance of partially loaded shielded enclosures. RP RANDA, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.6028/jres.100.018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200004 ER PT J AU CAGE, ME LAVINE, CF AF CAGE, ME LAVINE, CF TI USING QUANTIZED BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE SIGNALS TO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM ELECTRIC-FIELDS IN A QUANTUM HALL-EFFECT SAMPLE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREAKDOWN; ELECTRIC FIELDS; QUANTIZED DISSIPATION; QUANTIZED VOLTAGE STATES; QUANTUM HALL EFFECT; QUASI-ELASTIC INTER-LANDAU LEVEL SCATTERING; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS ID POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT AB We estimate the maximum values of the electric field across the width of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure quantum Hall effect sample at several currents when the sample is in the breakdown regime. This estimate is accomplished by measuring the quantized longitudinal voltage drops along a length of the sample and then employing a quasielastic inter-Landau level scattering (QUILLS) model to calculate the electric field. We also present a pictorial description of how QUILLS transitions occurring between states distributed across the sample width can be detected as voltage signals along the sample length. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.6028/jres.100.019 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200005 ER PT J AU FOWLER, JB DEZSI, G AF FOWLER, JB DEZSI, G TI HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENT OF APERTURE AREA RELATIVE TO A STANDARD KNOWN APERTURE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APERTURE; AREA; MEASUREMENT; RELATIVE AB Precise knowledge of the area of apertures used in high precision radiometry is extremely important. A method is presented here for the determination of the area of round and irregularly shaped apertures by comparison to a standard aperture which has been measured by other means to high accuracy. The method presented here is quick and has no physical contact with the fragile edge of the aperture opening. Total flux transfer methods are used in the area determination with total relative standard uncertainty of 0.033% for 2 mm to 25 mm mean diameter apertures not including the area uncertainty of the standard aperture used. Currently the relative standard uncertainty in the area measurement for the stadard aperture is 0.022%. The worst case relative standard uncertainty of the transfer measurement is 0.04% including the uncertainty of the standard aperture area. C1 NATL OFF MEASURE, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP FOWLER, JB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.6028/jres.100.020 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200006 ER PT J AU FRANK, C CHAPMAN, RE AF FRANK, C CHAPMAN, RE TI QUEST FOR EXCELLENCE .7. WASHINGTON, DC - FEBRUARY 6-8, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP FRANK, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, OFF QUAL PROGRAMS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.6028/jres.100.022 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200008 ER PT J AU GILBERT, D AF GILBERT, D TI 17TH NATIONAL-COMPUTER-SECURITY-CONFERENCE - BALTIMORE, MD - OCTOBER 11-14, 1994 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP GILBERT, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV COMP SECUR, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.6028/jres.100.023 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RN692 UT WOS:A1995RN69200009 ER PT J AU SUSKO, M HERMAN, L AF SUSKO, M HERMAN, L TI COMPARISON OF SATELLITE-DERIVED WIND MEASUREMENTS WITH OTHER WIND MEASUREMENT SENSORS SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Note C1 NOAA,MADISON,WI 53906. NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,MADISON,WI 53906. RP SUSKO, M (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EARTH SYST OBSERV BRANCH,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 564 EP 566 DI 10.2514/3.26653 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA RC460 UT WOS:A1995RC46000028 ER PT J AU SMITH, DT WEI, LH AF SMITH, DT WEI, LH TI QUANTIFYING LOCAL MICROCRACK DENSITY IN CERAMICS - A COMPARISON OF INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION AND THERMAL-WAVE TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Instrumented indentation and thermal wave techniques are used as local, quantitative probes of microcrack density in a silicon nitride that has been subjected to severe Hertzian contact stress, The techniques act as local probes, sampling volumes of material <10(-3) mm(3), Microcracked regions are created using a tungsten carbide spherical indenter, as a result of high shear stress in the compressive zone beneath the indenter, The microcracked zones, studied in cross section using a ''bonded interface'' technique, increased both in size and in degree of damage with increasing Hertzian load. Within the zones, Young's modulus is measured using instrumented indentation, and the thermal diffusivity using a thermal wave technique; both quantities are lower in the damaged regions than in the undamaged regions, The shifts in modulus and diffusivity are used independently to calculate microcrack densities using related models of the effect of microcracks on each property, The two techniques show the same functional relationship between Hertzian contact load and microcrack density, and yield densities that agree to within a factor of approximately 2. RP SMITH, DT (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1304 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08486.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA QZ087 UT WOS:A1995QZ08700027 ER PT J AU GUSTAFSON, CM DUTTON, RE KERANS, RJ AF GUSTAFSON, CM DUTTON, RE KERANS, RJ TI FABRICATION OF CLASS MATRIX COMPOSITES BY TAPE CASTING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB A method has been developed to fabricate borosilicate glass matrix composites reinforced with monofilament SIC fibers by tape casting, Green matrix tapes are laminated with fiber mats of a uniform fiber spacing. The resulting laminate is sintered at 710 degrees C to >98% relative density and HIP-consolidated to full density. The final specimens contain a high volume fraction of fibers (>35 vol%) in a uniform array. A variation of this technique can be used to mount ''microcomposites'' (i.e., coated fibers) in a glass matrix to facilitate fabrication of push-out test specimens. C1 NIST,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP GUSTAFSON, CM (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1424 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08510.x PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA QZ087 UT WOS:A1995QZ08700051 ER PT J AU TILFORD, CR AF TILFORD, CR TI PARTIAL-PRESSURE ANALYSIS IN-SPACE TESTING SO JOURNAL OF THE IES LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; PARTIAL PRESSURE ANALYSIS; RESIDUAL GAS ANALYSIS; VACUUM MEASUREMENTS; SPACE SIMULATION AB For vacuum-system or test-article analysis, it is often desirable to know the species and partial pressures of the vacuum gases. Residual gas ol partial pressure analyzers (PPAs) are commonly used for this purpose. These are mass spectrometer-type instruments, most commonly employing quadrupole filters. These instruments can be extremely useful, but they should be used with care. Depending on the instrument design, calibration procedures, and conditions of use, measurements made with these instruments can be accurate To within a few percent, or in error by two or more orders of magnitude. Significant sources of error can include relative gas sensitivities that differ from handbook values by an order of magnitude, changes in sensitivity with pressure by as much as two orders of magnitude, changes in sensitivity with time after exposure to chemically active gases, and the dependence of the sensitivity for one gas on the pressures of other gases. However, for most instruments, these errors can be greatly reduced with proper operating procedures and conditions of use. In this paper, data are presented illustrating performance characteristics for different instruments and gases. Operating parameters are recommended to minimize some errors. Calibrations procedures are described that can detect and con-ect other errors. RP TILFORD, CR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI PI MOUNT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MOUNT PROSPECT, IL 60056 SN 1052-2883 J9 J IES JI J. IES PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RE003 UT WOS:A1995RE00300005 ER PT J AU ROTTER, LD KAISER, DL AF ROTTER, LD KAISER, DL TI POLARIMETRY OF INHOMOGENEOUS FILMS OF ANISOTROPIC CRYSTALLITES - BIREFRINGENCE IN BATIO3 THIN-FILMS SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID WAVE AB We describe a polarimetric investigation of an inhomogeneous film of anisotropic crystallites, for which the crystallite size cannot be resolved by the polarimeter. We present a model of the film as a collection of stacks of randomly selected linear wave plates and present a simulation of the polarimeter output with the model film as the specimen. We analyze the simulation results in terms of a stopped random walk on the Poincare sphere. The simulation results are sensitive to the spatial resolution of the polarimeter, crystallite size, film thickness, and the presence of isotropic phases. When all but one variable can be determined independently, the model can be used to estimate the remaining variable. The results reproduce linear-birefringence-type measurements on polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin films. The relative amount of isotropic (cubic and amorphous) to tetragonal phase in two BaTiO3 films is estimated. RP ROTTER, LD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 12 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1009 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.12.000999 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA QV029 UT WOS:A1995QV02900020 ER PT J AU PELLEGRINO, JG RICHTER, CA DURA, JA AMIRTHARAJ, PM QADRI, SB ROUGHANI, B AF PELLEGRINO, JG RICHTER, CA DURA, JA AMIRTHARAJ, PM QADRI, SB ROUGHANI, B TI BUFFER LAYER-MODULATION-DOPED FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTOR INTERACTIONS AL0.33GA0.67AS/GAAS SUPERLATTICE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID INTERFACE C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. GMI, INST ENGN & MANAGEMENT, FLINT, MI 48504 USA. RP PELLEGRINO, JG (reprint author), NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1116/1.579828 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA RD766 UT WOS:A1995RD76600056 ER PT J AU KREIFELS, TL HENGEHOLD, RL YEO, YK THOMPSON, PE SIMONS, DS AF KREIFELS, TL HENGEHOLD, RL YEO, YK THOMPSON, PE SIMONS, DS TI SI1-XGEX/SI MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS ON SI(100) AND SI(110) FOR INFRARED-ABSORPTION SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION; SILICON; DETECTOR; MBE C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KREIFELS, TL (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 636 EP 641 DI 10.1116/1.579798 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA RD766 UT WOS:A1995RD76600026 ER PT J AU SILVER, RM DAGATA, JA TSENG, W AF SILVER, RM DAGATA, JA TSENG, W TI DELINEATION OF PN JUNCTIONS BY SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY IN AIR AND ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article RP SILVER, RM (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1705 EP 1708 DI 10.1116/1.579755 PN 2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA RD767 UT WOS:A1995RD76700092 ER PT J AU THOMSON, RE MORELAND, J AF THOMSON, RE MORELAND, J TI DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE CANTILEVERS FOR ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY POINT-CONTACT MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nanometer-Scale Science and Technology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Vacuum Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn RP THOMSON, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1125 DI 10.1116/1.588221 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA RD494 UT WOS:A1995RD49400055 ER PT J AU GALLAWA, RL AF GALLAWA, RL TI SYMBOLIC PROGRAMMING SPEEDS INTEGRAL CALCULATIONS SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROOPT,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 5TH FLOOR TEN TARA BOULEVARD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD MAY PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA QY219 UT WOS:A1995QY21900042 ER PT J AU MURPHEY, PL FONSECA, MS AF MURPHEY, PL FONSECA, MS TI ROLE OF HIGH AND LOW-ENERGY SEAGRASS BEDS AS NURSERY AREAS FOR PENAEUS-DUORARUM IN NORTH-CAROLINA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE SEAGRASS; PENAEUS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; NURSERY AREA; PATCHY ID ZOSTERA-MARINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MEADOWS; CRUSTACEANS AB Penaeus duorarum (Burkenroad), pink shrimp, were sampled with a benthic sled, monthly at night on flooding spring tides for 1 yr in high energy patchy seagrass beds and low energy continuous seagrass beds. These beds were located in Back Sound, near Beaufort, North Carolina, USA, and consisted of Halodule wrightii and Zostera marina. Significantly more shrimp were caught in low energy grassbeds than in high energy grassbeds. When shrimp density was weighted for seagrass coverage however, differences in density, while still significant, were much less. Population distribution patterns demonstrated larger shrimp utilized patchy grassbeds in the fall. Despite the variation in spatial configuration of seagrass beds, all tended to provide habitat for P. duorasum. Findings from this study support protection of patchy beds as well as continuous beds. RP MURPHEY, PL (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, BEAUFORT LAB, 101 PIVERS ISL RD, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.3354/meps121091 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RE330 UT WOS:A1995RE33000008 ER PT J AU CURRIN, CA NEWELL, SY PAERL, HW AF CURRIN, CA NEWELL, SY PAERL, HW TI THE ROLE OF STANDING DEAD SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA AND BENTHIC MICROALGAE IN SALT-MARSH FOOD WEBS - CONSIDERATIONS BASED ON MULTIPLE STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; STABLE ISOTOPES; SALT MARSH; FOOD WEB ID ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; CARBON ISOTOPE; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; DELAWARE ESTUARY; SAPELO ISLAND; MARINE; RATIOS; SULFUR; GEORGIA; ALGAE AB The stable isotope compositions (C, N, and S) of live, senescent, and standing dead Spartina alterniflora were compared in order to determine the effects of aerial decomposition on the isotopic signature of aboveground S. alterniflora tissue entering the food chain. Aerial decomposition of aboveground S. alterniflora resulted in a 6 to 18 parts per thousand increase in delta(34)S and a 2 to 3 parts per thousand decrease in delta(15)N values; delta(13)C values were unchanged. We describe mechanisms whereby the activity of fungi and epiphytic microorganisms may contribute to the observed shifts in delta(34)S and delta(15)N, respectively. The delta(13)C value of salt marsh benthic and epiphytic microalgae ranged from -13.0 parts per thousand in summer to -17.6 parts per thousand in early spring. Average delta(15)N values of microalgae and standing dead S. alterniflora were -0.3 and 1.7 parts per thousand, respectively, reflecting the activity of N-2-fixing microorganisms. The delta(15)N values for omnivorous and herbivorous salt marsh macrofauna ranged between 7.5 and 2.2 parts per thousand, and for predatory Fundulus spp. delta(15)N averaged 9.2 parts per thousand. Given a presumptive +3 parts per thousand trophic shift in N assimilation, these results suggest that N-2-fixing microorganisms associated with microalgal communities were an important source of N to salt marsh consumers. The delta(13)C, delta(15)N, and delta(34)S values of primary producers were compared to the values of the following consumers: Fundulus spp., Uca spp., Illyanassa obsoleta, and Littoraria irrorata. delta(13)C VS delta(15)N and delta(13)C vs delta(34)S dual isotope plots demonstrated that microalgae and standing dead S. alterniflora are important food resources in the North Carolina (USA) marshes we sampled. In addition, a compilation of literature values suggests that this is true in salt marshes throughout the East and Gulf coasts of North America. Future isotope studies of marsh food webs should include detrital Spartina spp. material in analyses of trophic structure. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, INST MARINE, SAPELO ISL, GA 31327 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, INST MARINE SCI, MOREHEAD CITY, NC 28557 USA. RP CURRIN, CA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 74 TC 302 Z9 317 U1 10 U2 82 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 121 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.3354/meps121099 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RE330 UT WOS:A1995RE33000009 ER PT J AU FREESE, S GLOCK, J SQUIRES, D AF FREESE, S GLOCK, J SQUIRES, D TI DIRECT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES AND COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS IN FISHERIES - AN APPLICATION TO PACIFIC WHITING SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB Allocating among competing users is one of the most difficult and vexing problems in fisheries management, and direct allocation under open access is especially contentious, since groups gain only at the direct expense of others, This paper evaluates the direct allocation of Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) among competing offshore and onshore user groups that fish off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California in the USA, the process of achieving that allocation, and the value of economic analysis in the process, The paper also discusses the technique of cost-benefit analysis for direct allocation of total allowable catches among competing user groups and access to the resource, The paper concludes with observations on the role of economic analysis for fisheries management decisions. C1 PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP FREESE, S (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,TRADE & IND SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0308-597X(94)00005-D PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA QW056 UT WOS:A1995QW05600003 ER PT J AU VALETTESILVER, NJ LAUENSTEIN, GG AF VALETTESILVER, NJ LAUENSTEIN, GG TI RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS BIVALVES COLLECTED ALONG THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL-WATCH; TRACE-METALS AB In 1990, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends Program initiated a study of artificial radionuclides (Am-241, Pu-239+240, Pu-238, Cs-137, Ag-110, Sr-90, Zn-65, Co-60, and Co-58) in oysters and mussels collected along the coastal US. The results of this study show that activation products Ag-110, Zn-65, Co-60 and Co-58 are sometimes present close to nuclear facilities. In addition, based on a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, it appears that Am-241 and Cs-137 concentrations as well as Am-241/Pu-239+240 and Cs-137/K-40 activity ratios are highest along the West Coast of the US. For Pu-238, Pu-239+240, and Sr-90 activities and the other ratios, the differences observed in the distribution of the radio-nuclides between the various coasts are not statistically significant. There is also a statistical difference between the values of the Pu-239+240/Sr-90 ratio in oysters vs mussels collected along the East Coast and of the Am-241/Pu-239+240 ratio between two species of mussels collected along the West Coast. Finally, when the NOAA results for Am-241, Pu-239+240, and Cs-137 are compared with those of an earlier (1976-1978) Mussel Watch Program sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency, the statistical Sign Test generally shows a significant decrease in the concentrations between the mid-1970s and the early 1990s. RP NOAA, NORCA 21, NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM, 1305 E W HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)00780-D PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RB858 UT WOS:A1995RB85800016 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, D ARMSTRONG, J AF NEWBURY, D ARMSTRONG, J TI INTRODUCTION - SOFTWARE FOR MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP NEWBURY, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1061-3420 J9 MICROBEAM ANAL JI Microbeam Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA TH084 UT WOS:A1995TH08400001 ER PT J AU LOWNEY, JR AF LOWNEY, JR TI MONSEL-II - MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF SEM SIGNALS FOR LINEWIDTH METROLOGY SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE BACKSCATTERED ELECTRONS; ELECTRON TRANSMISSION; LINEWIDTH; MONTE CARLO SIMULATION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; X-RAY LITHOGRAPHY ID ELECTRONS AB This is a guide to the FORTRAN code MONSEL-II, which is a Monte Carlo simulation of the transmitted, backscattered, and secondary electron signals in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) associated with lines with a trapezoidal cross section. The lines are deposited on a multilayer substrate. The primary purpose of the code is to interpret the actual linewidths from measured SEM signals. However, it can be used for many other purposes such as corresponding image analysis in transmission electron microscopy. RP LOWNEY, JR (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1061-3420 J9 MICROBEAM ANAL JI Microbeam Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA TH084 UT WOS:A1995TH08400003 ER PT J AU RASBAND, WS BRIGHT, DS AF RASBAND, WS BRIGHT, DS TI NIH IMAGE - A PUBLIC DOMAIN IMAGE-PROCESSING PROGRAM FOR THE MACINTOSH SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NIH IMAGE; IMAGE PROCESSING; MICROGRAPH ENHANCEMENT AB This paper is a guide to, or a hands-on introduction to, NIH Image, a Macintosh-based, public domain image processing program written by Wayne Rasband, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. The program and example images are available via anonymous FTP, as described. The reader is introduced to these capabilities of NIH Image: loading image files, contrast enhancement, zoom, pan, drawing, annotation, thresholding, particle counting, image arithmetic, histograms, intensity profiles, Look Up Table modification, image stacks, animation, and 3-D rendering. Various image processing issues are discussed as required. Each image processing step is illustrated for comparison with the results of the individual readers. C1 NIST,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RASBAND, WS (reprint author), NIMH,RES SERV BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 4 TC 190 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 8 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1061-3420 J9 MICROBEAM ANAL JI Microbeam Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA TH084 UT WOS:A1995TH08400004 ER PT J AU BRIGHT, DS AF BRIGHT, DS TI MACLISPIX - A SPECIAL-PURPOSE PUBLIC DOMAIN IMAGE-ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR THE MACINTOSH SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE PROCESSING; PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE; MACLISPIX; SCATTER DIAGRAM; THERMAL SCALE; DIRECTION OF GRADIENT; COLOR OVERLAY AB This paper is a guide to, or a hands-on introduction to MacLispix, a Macintosh-based, public domain image processing program written by David Bright, National Institute of Standards (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland. The program and the sample images are available via anonymous FTP from NIST, as described. The reader is introduced to some capabilities of MacLispix and some elementary image processing steps, including various kinds of scaling, measuring image statistics, averaged line profiles, color overlays, three-dimensional scatter diagrams, thermal scales, and the direction of gradient operator. RP BRIGHT, DS (reprint author), NIST,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1061-3420 J9 MICROBEAM ANAL JI Microbeam Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 151 EP 163 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA TH084 UT WOS:A1995TH08400005 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, DE MYKLEBUST, RL AF NEWBURY, DE MYKLEBUST, RL TI NIST-MICRO-MC - A USERS GUIDE TO THE NIST MICROANALYSIS MONTE-CARLO ELECTRON TRAJECTORY SIMULATION PROGRAM SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE MONTE CARLO ELECTRON TRAJECTORY SIMULATION; X-RAY MICROANALYSIS; ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS; ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS; EPMA; AEM; SEM ID ENERGY AB The NIST Microanalysis Monte Carlo Electron Trajectory Simulation Program is a software tool for the calculation of characteristic X-ray emission under electron bombardment for specific application to problems in electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The range of incident beam energies simulated is 5-500 keV. Target geometries treated include flat bulk target, thin foil, film on substrate, and vertical interfaces between two different phases. Each phase simulated can have up to four components, and X-ray calculations are allowed for the K, L, and M shells. Examples of data input and calculated output are pre sented for each major specimen geometry. RP NEWBURY, DE (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1061-3420 J9 MICROBEAM ANAL JI Microbeam Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA TH084 UT WOS:A1995TH08400006 ER PT J AU KARYAMPUDI, VM KAPLAN, ML KOCH, SE ZAMORA, RJ AF KARYAMPUDI, VM KAPLAN, ML KOCH, SE ZAMORA, RJ TI THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROCKY-MOUNTAINS ON THE 13-14 APRIL 1986 SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK .1. MESOSCALE LEE CYCLOGENESIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SEVERE WEATHER AND DUST STORMS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL PRESSURE-GRADIENT; SCALE NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ALONG-STREAM CIRCULATIONS; PRESIDENTS DAY CYCLONE; 18-19 FEBRUARY 1979; JET STREAK; WAVE DISTURBANCES; ENVIRONMENT; FRONTOGENESIS; SURFACE AB In this first of a two paper series, a sequence of dynamical processes involving the evolution of a mesoscale lee cyclone and its subsequent interaction with a mesoscale tropopause fold downstream of the Rocky Mountains is investigated. These scale-interactive phenomena, which resulted from the jet streak interaction with the topography, were examined in detail using the observational data obtained from the Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services' mesonetwork and wind profilers, as well as conventional surface and rawinsonde data and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer satellite data over the Colorado region for the severe weather event that occurred during 13-14 April 1986. Large-scale analysis indicated that as a baroclinic low pressure system approached the Rockies with its attendant upper-level jet streak, a typical prestorm environment over western Kansas formed in the early morning hours of 13 April. Hourly mesonet data analysis revealed the formation and eastward progression of a mesoscale lee cyclone with a trailing wind-shift line identified as an internal bore initiated by a cold front (i.e., a prefrontal bore) in Part II. Analysis of winds and divergence including diagnostically derived temperature and height fields from Colorado wind profilers indicated that as the jet streak momentum propagated into a less stable region in the midtroposphere created by low-level adiabatic warming and midlevel cooling on the leeside of the Rockies, unbalanced flow conditions resulted at scales less than the Rossby radius of deformation. As a consequence of geostrophic adjustment processes, mesoscale tropopause folding and upper-level frontogenesis occurred over the profiler network, Unbalanced upper-level frontogenesis resulted from the tilting of the isentropes by along-stream ageostrophic indirect circulations comprised of horizontal vertical velocity gradients across the tropopause fold. As the mesoscale tropopause fold extruded downwards to midlevels in association with the descending secondary upper-level jet streak forced by the geostrophic adjustment process, lee cyclogenesis occurred due to the phasing of the upper-level front with the low-level lee cyclone. Synthesis of the mesonetwork and profiler observations suggest that high momentum in the midtroposphere associated with the descending branch of the jet stream just ahead of the tropopause fold was entrained and mixed downward to the surface by the growing boundary layer that developed ahead of the prefrontal bore but behind the dryline. This surge of southwesterly momentum at the surface, largely responsible for blowing dust, was mostly ageostrophic and contributed to an increase in surface vorticity and moisture convergence as well as frontogenesis around the lee cyclone, A mesoscale conceptual model is proposed in order to explain the dynamical Sequence of events involving lee cyclogenesis, dust storms, and a tropopause fold that led to the severe weather environment over the Great Plains. In the companion paper (Part II), observational evidence of an internal bore occurring ahead of a cold front and comparisons with simple numerical model results are presented in order to understand the initiation and propagation of the prefrontal bore and its influence in triggering a squall line farther downstream. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, ERL, WAVE PROPAGAT LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, CODE 6912, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NR 83 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1394 EP 1422 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1394:TIOTRM>2.0.CO;2 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV855 UT WOS:A1995QV85500010 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, LJ FRANKLIN, JL AF SHAPIRO, LJ FRANKLIN, JL TI POTENTIAL VORTICITY IN HURRICANE GLORIA SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; GRADIENT BALANCE; VORTEX; EVOLUTION; MODEL; RADAR AB Potential vorticity (PV)analyses for Hurricane Gloria of 1985 are derived from nested objective wind analyses of Omega dropwindsonde and airborne Doppler radar data. The analyses resolve eyewall-scale features in the inner vortex core and embed analyses of these features within the larger-scale environment. Since three-dimensional geopotential height fields required for evaluation of PV are not available in the core, they are derived using the balance equation. In the process of deriving the heights, the degree of gradient balance is evaluated. The 500-mb tangential winds in the core, averaged azimuthally on the four cardinal points, are close to gradient balance outside the radius of maximum wind. The resulting depiction of PV is the first presented for a real hurricane. Due to data deficiencies immediately outside the Doppler region, as well as inside the eye, smoothing of the wind data using a filter with a minimum 25-km spatial scale is required to derive a balanced geopotential height distribution consistent with a statically stable vortex, The large-scale PV distribution evidences asymmetries in the middle and upper troposphere that appear to be associated with Gloria's translation to the northwest. Eyewall-scale PV in the core and PV of the azimuthally averaged vortex are also presented. RP SHAPIRO, LJ (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HRD,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1475 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1465:PVIHG>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV855 UT WOS:A1995QV85500013 ER PT J AU MOORTHI, S HIGGINS, RW BATES, JR AF MOORTHI, S HIGGINS, RW BATES, JR TI A GLOBAL MULTILEVEL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL USING A VECTOR SEMI-LAGRANGIAN FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME .2. VERSION WITH PHYSICS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AREA GRIDPOINT MODEL; PRIMITIVE-EQUATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; SEMIIMPLICIT; REGION AB Full physical parameterizations have been incorporated into the global model using a two-time-level, semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit finite-difference integration scheme that was described in Part I of this work. Virtual temperature effects have also been incorporated into the adiabatic part of the model. The diurnal and seasonal cycles have been included, with prescribed seasonally varying climatological surface boundary conditions. The model has been integrated in both forecast and climate mode, at a resolution of 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees in latitude/longitude, 20 levels in the vertical, and a time step of 45 min for the dynamics: Medium-range forecasts using January and July initial conditions give highly encouraging anomaly correlation skill scores. Two parallel 17-month climate simulations, one without and one with mass restoration, show that the model successfully simulates many features of the observed climate. Mass restoration is shown to have no significant impact on the seasonally averaged climate statistics. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ATMOSPHERES LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, DIV DEV, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, CTR CLIMATE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1523 EP 1541 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1523:AGMAMU>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV855 UT WOS:A1995QV85500016 ER PT J AU BAO, JW KUO, YH AF BAO, JW KUO, YH TI ON-OFF SWITCHES IN THE ADJOINT METHOD - STEP FUNCTIONS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note AB Numerical models that are used in four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) involve on-off switches associated with physical processes. Mathematically these on-off switches are represented by first-order discontinuous functions or step functions. In the development of the adjoint for the variational FDDA, the numerical models must be linearized. While insight has been gained into how to handle the on-off switches represented by first-order discontinuous functions, it is still unclear how to deal with the switches represented by step functions when the model equations are linearized. In this study, the calculus of variations is applied to understand how to treat step functions in the development of the adjoint. It is shown that in theory, if adding small perturbations to the initial state does not change the grid points in a forecast model where switching occurs, there is no difficulty in dealing with both first-order discontinuous points and the discontinuous points represented by step functions. However, in practice, first-order discontinuous points are much easier to deal with than those described by step functions. RP BAO, JW (reprint author), NOAA,ETL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1594 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1589:OSITAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV855 UT WOS:A1995QV85500021 ER PT J AU ZACHARIAH, MR AQUINO, MI SHULL, RD STEEL, EB AF ZACHARIAH, MR AQUINO, MI SHULL, RD STEEL, EB TI FORMATION OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES FROM VAPOR-PHASE CONDENSATION IN A FLAME SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID REACTOR AB Recent work on the magnetic characteristics of nanometer scale materials has suggested that magnetically isolated nanometer magnetic particles would show magnetic behavior different than those found in the bulk. Such behavior could be explored if such materials could be synthesized in sufficient quantities where the magnetic particles could be isolated from each other via encapsulation within a non-magnetic hen. We have investigated application of flame technology for the synthesis of this class of materials. A premixed methane/oxygen flame diluted with nitrogen has been used as the reacting environment in which iron pentacarbonyl and hexamethyldisiloxane were added as the magnetic and non-magnetic precursor materials. The results, based on x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Mossbauer effect, and magnetization data have shown that: (i) nanometer composite particles are formed containing 5-10 nm Fe2O3. encased in a silica particle whose diameter ranged from 30-100 nm, depending on loading and flame temperature, and (ii) the iron oxide clusters are magnetically isolated and in some cases show superparamagnetic behavior. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZACHARIAH, MR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 10 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00260-L PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA RC757 UT WOS:A1995RC75700001 ER PT J AU DUNN, GH DJURIC, N CHUNG, YS BANNISTER, M SMITH, ACH AF DUNN, GH DJURIC, N CHUNG, YS BANNISTER, M SMITH, ACH TI COLLISIONS OF ELECTRONS WITH HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-94) CY SEP 19-23, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IMPACT EXCITATION; 2S-2P EXCITATION; ENERGY-LOSS; BEAMS; MG+ AB This progress report, in addition to describing recent work in the authors' laboratory, highlights the general character and importance of electron collisions with highly-charged ions (HCI) and describes major advances in the field since the previous conference on the subject. Thus, while the authors' principle efforts are currently directed toward investigation of excitation of HCI, there have been very notable advances by others in the areas of ionization and recombination and an attempt is made to put these into context of the field in general. Also, for the first time, significant progress is now being made by others in experimental investigation of elastic scattering of electrons from HCI. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DUNN, GH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00084-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA RD637 UT WOS:A1995RD63700027 ER PT J AU ADLER, H MEYER, ES SERPA, FG TAKACS, E GILLASPY, JD BROWN, CM FELDMAN, U AF ADLER, H MEYER, ES SERPA, FG TAKACS, E GILLASPY, JD BROWN, CM FELDMAN, U TI FABRY-PEROT SPECTROSCOPY OF A VISIBLE MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITION IN BA34+ SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-94) CY SEP 19-23, 1994 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA AB We are using Fabry-Perot interferometry to study visible lines from highly-charged ions created and trapped within an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The 3d(4) D-5(2)-D-5(3) titanium-like barium (Ba34+) line at 3932(2) Angstrom was recently measured in Ref. [1] (C.A. Morgan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 1716) using a grating monochromator. We present preliminary Fabry-Perot spectra of this line with significantly improved resolution. The Doppler-broadened 1 Angstrom line width is consistent with an expected ion temperature of less than 1 keV. We discuss the possibility of resolving Zeeman splittings, and of using these visible lines as a diagnostic in high temperature, low density plasmas, like those that exist in tokamaks and the EBIT itself. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 1995 VL 98 IS 1-4 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00016-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA RD637 UT WOS:A1995RD63700136 ER PT J AU GROSSMAN, EN MCDONALD, DG AF GROSSMAN, EN MCDONALD, DG TI PARTIALLY COHERENT TRANSMITTANCE OF DIELECTRIC LAMELLAE SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC LAMELLA; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; NONPARALLELISM; FABRY-PEROT FRINGES; FOURIER-TRANSFORM INTERFEROMETRY; PARTIAL COHERENCE ID TRANSMISSION; REFLECTION AB We derive an analytic formula for the transmittance of a dielectric lamella when the interference between successive internal reflections is only partially spatially coherent. This allows effects such as surface roughness and nonparallelism, which produce cumulative distortions in the phase front with each reflection, and which result in a loss of fringe contrast at high frequencies, to be accounted for quantitatively. The transmittance of a Si lamella, measured with a Fourier-transform interferometer over the range 20 to 1000 cm(-1), agrees with our formula to within the accuracy of the data, which is dominated by systematic instrumental effects. RP GROSSMAN, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.1117/12.199887 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA QX179 UT WOS:A1995QX17900005 ER PT J AU SHAW, JA DESCOUR, MR AF SHAW, JA DESCOUR, MR TI INSTRUMENT EFFECTS IN POLARIZED INFRARED IMAGES SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE INFRARED POLARIZATION; THERMAL IMAGING; REMOTE SENSING AB We describe three instrument effects that cause polarized infrared images of a blackbody source to exhibit intriguing polarization dependence and image nonuniformity. The origins of these problems are reflection of background radiation from the wire-grid polarizer and frictional heating of the polarizer mount. Our model shows that the two surfaces of a wire-grid polarizer act like a partial polarizer-analyzer pair for reflected radiance. These effects must be considered carefully in applications such as polarimetric remote sensing, which require calibration uncertainties less than 1%. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP SHAW, JA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1396 EP 1399 DI 10.1117/12.201651 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA QX179 UT WOS:A1995QX17900019 ER PT J AU ZHANG, ZM HANSSEN, LM DATLA, RU AF ZHANG, ZM HANSSEN, LM DATLA, RU TI HIGH-OPTICAL-DENSITY OUT-OF-BAND SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF BANDPASS-FILTERS SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FT-IR; DETECTOR AB We have measured the out-of-band transmittance (attenuation) for several narrow-band filters using two Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers in the wavelength range of 2-25 mu m. Band-rejection filters are used to eliminate the power transmitted in the main band of the filter under investigation. Neutral-density filters are used for the reference measurement to reduce the effect of nonlinearity. Results from different optical arrangements are compared and discussed. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Fourier-transform infrared instruments to measure a spectral transmittance of 10(-6). RP ZHANG, ZM (reprint author), NIST,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1079 DI 10.1364/OL.20.001077 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA QV829 UT WOS:A1995QV82900044 PM 19859429 ER PT J AU MUSIELOK, J WIESE, WL VERES, G AF MUSIELOK, J WIESE, WL VERES, G TI ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES AND TESTS OF THE SPECTROSCOPIC COUPLING SCHEME FOR NI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL NITROGEN; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; SPECTRAL-LINES C1 OPOLE UNIV,PL-45052 OPOLE,POLAND. KFKI RES INST PARTICLE & NUCL PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RP MUSIELOK, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 3588 EP 3597 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3588 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RA431 UT WOS:A1995RA43100033 ER PT J AU MACDONALD, MA SOUTHWORTH, SH LEVIN, JC HENINS, A DESLATTES, RD LEBRUN, T AZUMA, Y COWAN, PL KARLIN, BA AF MACDONALD, MA SOUTHWORTH, SH LEVIN, JC HENINS, A DESLATTES, RD LEBRUN, T AZUMA, Y COWAN, PL KARLIN, BA TI EVOLUTION OF X-RAY RESONANCE RAMAN-SCATTERING INTO X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE FROM THE EXCITATION OF XENON NEAR THE L(3) EDGE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; EMISSION; ELECTRON; STATES C1 ENGN & PHYS SCI RES COUNCIL,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MACDONALD, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 3598 EP 3603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3598 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RA431 UT WOS:A1995RA43100034 ER PT J AU YOU, L COOPER, J AF YOU, L COOPER, J TI SEMICLASSICAL STUDY OF SPECTRAL EVOLUTION UNDER PROPAGATION IN AN ACTIVE MEDIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PUMPED 2-LEVEL ATOMS; QUANTUM-THEORY; CONE EMISSION; SUPERFLUORESCENCE; LIGHT; INITIATION; RADIATION C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 14, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 4194 EP 4202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.4194 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA RA431 UT WOS:A1995RA43100104 ER PT J AU BERK, NF MAJKRZAK, CF AF BERK, NF MAJKRZAK, CF TI USING PARAMETRIC B-SPLINES TO FIT SPECULAR REFLECTIVITIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; SPECKLE HOLOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; NEUTRON; SURFACES RP BERK, NF (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 17 BP 11296 EP 11309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.11296 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QY781 UT WOS:A1995QY78100006 ER PT J AU UDOVIC, TJ HUANG, Q RUSH, JJ SCHEFER, J ANDERSON, IS AF UDOVIC, TJ HUANG, Q RUSH, JJ SCHEFER, J ANDERSON, IS TI NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE LONG-RANGE ORDER IN THE OCTAHEDRAL SUBLATTICE OF LAD2.25 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HYDRIDES; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ETH ZURICH,NEUTRONENSTREUUNG LAB,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 18 BP 12116 EP 12126 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.12116 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QZ338 UT WOS:A1995QZ33800004 ER PT J AU JACH, T DESLATTES, R YOUNG, L AF JACH, T DESLATTES, R YOUNG, L TI COWAN,PAUL,L SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP JACH, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 5 BP 84 EP 84 DI 10.1063/1.2808041 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QW822 UT WOS:A1995QW82200022 ER PT J AU CHELLAPPA, R WILSON, CL SIROHEY, S AF CHELLAPPA, R WILSON, CL SIROHEY, S TI HUMAN AND MACHINE RECOGNITION OF FACES - A SURVEY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MOTION PARAMETERS; VISUAL-MOTION; IMAGE FLOW; OBJECT RECOGNITION; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; SEGMENTATION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; UNIQUENESS AB The goal of this paper is to present a critical survey of existing literature on human and machine recognition of faces. Machine recognition of faces has several applications, ranging from static matching of controlled photographs as in mug shoe matching and credit card vel verification to surveillance video images. Such applications have different constraints in terms of complexity of processing requirements and thus present a wide range of different technical challenges, Over the last 20 years researchers in psychophysics, neural sciences and engineering, image processing, analysis and computer vision have investigated a number of issues related to face recognition by humans and machines. Ongoing research activities have been given a renewed emphasis over the last five years. Existing techniques and systems have been tested on different see of images of varying complexities. But very little synergism exists between studies in psychophysics and the engineering literature. Most importantly, there exist no evaluation or benchmarking studies using large databases with the image quality that arises in commercial and law enforcement applications. In this paper, we first present different applications of face recognition in commercial and law enforcement sectors. This is followed by a brief overview of the literature on face recognition in the psychophysics community. We then present a derailed overview of more than 20 years of research done in the engineering community, Techniques for segmentation/location of the face, feature extraction and recognition are reviewed. Global transform and feature based methods using statistical, structural and neural classifiers are summarized A brief summary of recognition using face profiles and range image data is also given. Real-time face recognition from video images acquired in a cluttered scene such as an airport is probably the most challenging problem. We discuss several existing technologies in the image understanding literature that could potentially impact this problem. Given the numerous theories and techniques that are applicable to face recognition, it is clear that evaluation and benchmarking of these algorithms is crucial, We discuss relevant issues such as data collection, performance metrics, and evaluation of systems and techniques. Finally, summary and conclusions are given. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, CTR AUTOMAT RES, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, INST ADV COMP STUDIES, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT COMP SCI, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NIST, VISUAL IMAGE PROC GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ELECT ENGN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 221 TC 1157 Z9 1300 U1 13 U2 155 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 1995 VL 83 IS 5 BP 705 EP 740 DI 10.1109/5.381842 PG 36 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QU136 UT WOS:A1995QU13600002 ER PT J AU REIMANN, C AF REIMANN, C TI THE MALCOLM-BALDRIGE-NATIONAL-(QUALITY)-AWARD - REPLY SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Letter RP REIMANN, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MBNQA,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA QW232 UT WOS:A1995QW23200003 ER PT J AU EMEIS, KC ANDERSON, DM DOOSE, H KROON, D SCHULZBULL, D AF EMEIS, KC ANDERSON, DM DOOSE, H KROON, D SCHULZBULL, D TI SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND THE HISTORY OF MONSOON UPWELLING IN THE NORTHWEST ARABIAN SEA DURING THE LAST 500,000 YEARS SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Arabian Sea sediments record changes in the upwelling system off Arabia, which is driven by the monsoon circulation system over the NW Indian Ocean. In accordance with climate models, and differing from other large upwelling areas of the tropical ocean, a 500,000-yr record of productivity at ODP Site 723 shows consistently stronger upwelling during interglaciations than during glaciations. Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) reconstructed from the alkenone unsaturation index (U-37(K')) are high (up to 27 degrees C) during interglaciations and low (22-24 degrees C) during glaciations, indicating a glacial-interglacial temperature change of >3 degrees C in spite of the dampening effect of enhanced or weakened upwelling. The increased productivity is attributed to stronger monsoon winds during interglacial times relative to glacial times, whereas the difference in SSTs must be unrelated to upwelling and to the summer monsoon intensity. The winter (NE) monsoon was more effective in cooling the Arabian Sea during glaciations then it is now. (C) 1995 University of Washington. C1 NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,INST GEOL PALAONTOL,W-2300 KIEL,GERMANY. UNIV EDINBURGH,GRANT INST GEOL,EDINBURGH EH9 3JW,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. INST MEERESKUNDE,W-2300 KIEL,GERMANY. RP EMEIS, KC (reprint author), INST BALTIC SEA RES,WARNEMUENDE,GERMANY. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011; Schulz-Bull, Detlef/B-2549-2012 NR 25 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1006/qres.1995.1041 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA RB977 UT WOS:A1995RB97700008 ER PT J AU STEVIE, FA WILSON, RG SIMONS, DS CURRENT, MI ZALM, PC AF STEVIE, FA WILSON, RG SIMONS, DS CURRENT, MI ZALM, PC TI USING SIMS TO DETECT CONTAMINATION SOURCES FROM ION IMPLANTERS SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BF2 IMPLANTATION; SILICON AB Contamination associated with ion implantation is discussed with an emphasis on secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) characterization. This article is organized according to the path of the ion beam through an ion implanter, starting with the source and continuing to the end station. Specific examples are provided using SIMS as a tool to detect and resolve contamination problems. C1 PHILIPS RES LABS,EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. HUGHES RES LABS,MICROWAVE DEVICES & CIRCUITS RES LAB,MALIBU,CA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,ANALYT MICROSCOPY GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. APPL MAT INC,DIV IMPLANT,AUSTIN,TX. RP STEVIE, FA (reprint author), AT&T MICROELECTR,ORLANDO,FL, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY OFFICE PI NASHUA PA TEN TARA BLVD 5TH FLOOR, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 38 IS 5 BP 51 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA QY023 UT WOS:A1995QY02300020 ER PT J AU DUNKERS, J ISHIDA, H AF DUNKERS, J ISHIDA, H TI VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS OF N,N-BIS(3,5-DIMETHYL-2-HYDROXYBENZYL)METHYLAMINE IN THE FINGERPRINT REGION SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB The compound N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) methylamine is synthesized to model the phenolic resulting from ring opening polymerization of benzoxazine monomers. Fundamental vibrational assignments of N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)met are made by the analysis of the fingerprint region (2000-500 cm(-1)) of the infrared and Raman spectra of crystalline, quenched, and molten dimers. In addition, the hydrogens in the methylene bridge structure are deuterated to provide insight into vibrations due to the presence of the bridge structure. The structure of hydrogenated and deuterated model dimers is verified by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RP DUNKERS, J (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8539 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 855 EP 867 DI 10.1016/0584-8539(94)00187-G PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RJ999 UT WOS:A1995RJ99900012 ER PT J AU WEAVER, GC LEONE, SR AF WEAVER, GC LEONE, SR TI SCATTERING OF CL-2 BEAMS FROM SI(100) FOR KINETIC ENERGIES UP TO 2.6 EV - IMPLICATIONS FOR STICKING COEFFICIENTS AND REACTION-PRODUCT FORMATION SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION KINETICS; CHLORINE; ETCHING; LOW INDEX SINGLE CRYSTAL SURFACES; MOLECULE SOLID SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION, ELASTIC; SILICON ID MOLECULAR-BEAM; SURFACE SCATTERING; CHLORINE; SILICON; CHEMISORPTION; NITROGEN; TUNGSTEN; DYNAMICS; CL2 AB Scattering of pulsed hyperthermal beams of Cl-2 by a Si(100) surface is studied at 300 K and 45 degrees incidence. The beams are produced by laser vaporization of cryogenic Cl-2 films and contain less than or equal to 14% Cl. The beams have a broad range of translational kinetic energies up to 6 eV; with velocity selection, beams with a narrow kinetic energy distribution and energies up to 2.6 eV are also used. The scattered flux from Si is quantified by comparing to scattering by quartz, after the angular differences are taken into account. The angular distributions of the scattered species from Si(100) show a cos(3) theta isotropic scattering contribution, as well as a narrow Gaussian distribution about the specular angle, with little alteration of the kinetic energy in the scattering process. From quartz, the angular distribution is isotropic and the kinetic energy of the scattered species is considerably broadened to lower energy. The amount of Cl-2 flux scattered by the silicon surface decreases with increasing kinetic energy of the incident beam, but increases with increasing coverage of chlorine on the surface. From the scattered fluxes, the upper limit for the initial sticking coefficient, S-0, ranges from 24 +/- 7% for a beam with [E] = 0.5 eV to 83 +/- 3% for a beam with [E] = 2.6 eV. Comparison of the scattering results with Auger measurements of the surface chlorination supports previous studies which show an onset for etching product formation when the mean translational kinetic energies are near or above 2 eV. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 328 IS 3 BP 197 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00035-6 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA QW796 UT WOS:A1995QW79600010 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, LH AF SCHWARTZ, LH TI COOPERATING ON NEW MATERIALS SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP SCHWARTZ, LH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 98 IS 4 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV223 UT WOS:A1995QV22300003 ER PT J AU CHRISTY, AA KVALHEIM, OM VELAPOLDI, RA AF CHRISTY, AA KVALHEIM, OM VELAPOLDI, RA TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS IN DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROMETRY - A MODIFIED KUBELKA-MUNK EQUATION SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scandinavian Symposium on Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1994 CL BERGEN, NORWAY SP UNIV BERGEN, DEPT CHEM, UNIV BERGEN, FAC MATH & NAT SCI, NORD RES COUNCIL, ROYAL NORWEGIAN RES COUNCIL SCI & HUMANITIES, NYCOMED IMAGING, NORSK HYDRO PORSGRUNN DE DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROMETRY; KUBELKA-MUNK EQUATION; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYSTYRENE ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; PRESSURE AB The behaviour of the Kubelka-Munk equation with particle size is analysed by using mono-disperse polystyrene particles. Based on the experimental results a model is proposed to explain the diffuse reflectance spectra of powdered samples in a quantitative manner. The new model explains quantitatively the behaviour of the diffuse reflectance spectra of mono-disperse polystyrene particles in KBr. Furthermore, the results show that the model can be used to explain the diffuse reflectance spectra of mixtures of mono-disperse polystyrene spheres in KBr and of a coal sample mixture containing a distribution of particle sizes and KBr. It appears that the proposed model can be used for dilute samples in a quantitative manner. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHRISTY, AA (reprint author), UNIV BERGEN,DEPT CHEM,ALLEGT 41,N-5007 BERGEN,NORWAY. NR 17 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0924-2031(94)00065-O PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA QV105 UT WOS:A1995QV10500003 ER PT J AU CAVANAGH, RR GERMER, TA STEPHENSON, JC AF CAVANAGH, RR GERMER, TA STEPHENSON, JC TI ULTRAFAST TIME-RESOLVED INFRARED PROBING OF ENERGY-TRANSFER AT SURFACES SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scandinavian Symposium on Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1994 CL BERGEN, NORWAY SP UNIV BERGEN, DEPT CHEM, UNIV BERGEN, FAC MATH & NAT SCI, NORD RES COUNCIL, ROYAL NORWEGIAN RES COUNCIL SCI & HUMANITIES, NYCOMED IMAGING, NORSK HYDRO PORSGRUNN DE ADSORBATES; CARBONYL GROUPS; ENERGY TRANSFER; INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; SURFACES ID ADSORBATE-SUBSTRATE VIBRATION; PHASE RELAXATION; PHONON; METALS; FEMTOSECOND; RESISTIVITY; DYNAMICS; SI(111); PULSES; CO/PT(111) AB Picosecond and femtosecond infrared techniques are used to characterize vibrational energy transfer rates and provide novel insights into the relaxation of non-equilibrium energy distributions. For adsorbates on metal surfaces, it is essential to determine the absolute coupling strengths between different degrees of freedom, i.e., vibrational modes and low-lying electronic states. In the present work, the spectral shift of the CO stretch has been used to follow the temporal evolution of the adlayer response as a consequence of ultrashort infrared, visible, and ultraviolet excitation of the underlying metal. Results from CO/Pt(111) and CO/Cu(100) will be presented, their differences will be discussed, and comparison will be made to current theoretical models of the damping rates. RP CAVANAGH, RR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/0924-2031(94)00064-N PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA QV105 UT WOS:A1995QV10500010 ER PT J AU WLADKOWSKI, BD KRAUSS, M STEVENS, WJ AF WLADKOWSKI, BD KRAUSS, M STEVENS, WJ TI RIBONUCLEASE-A CATALYZED TRANSPHOSPHORYLATION - AN AB-INITIO THEORETICAL-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID MARGINALLY STABLE INTERMEDIATE; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; DIMETHYL-PHOSPHATE; ETHYLENE PHOSPHATE; TRANSITION-STATE; RNASE-A; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISM; CLEAVAGE AB The ribonuclease A transphosphorylation mechanism is studied using ab initio quantum chemical methods, incorporating for the first time detailed all-electron components which mimic important amino acid residues within the enzyme active site. The 2-hydroxyethyl methylphosphate monoanion is chosen as a model substrate, methyleneimines (CH2NH) are used in place of the imidazole rings for His-12 and His-119, and methylamine (CH3NH2) is used in place of Lys-41. Each pseudoresidue is held fixed in its appropriate relative position found crystallographically. Within this model, structures and relative energetics for the stationary points along the transphosphorylation reaction pathway are determined at the RHF level using a 3-21G+* basis set, The data reveal several low-barrier proton transfer steps between the substrate and the active site residues which allow transphosphorylation to occur with modest activation, consistent with experimental results for the actual enzyme. Two distinct aspects of the active site are identified: a general acid to help protonate the substrate and an acid/base pair which cooperatively facilitates proton transfer as transphosphorylation takes place. RP WLADKOWSKI, BD (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 27 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 17 BP 6273 EP 6276 DI 10.1021/j100017a004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QV527 UT WOS:A1995QV52700004 ER PT J AU JI, XH VONROSENVINGE, EC JOHNSON, WW TOMAREV, SI PIATIGORSKY, J ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL AF JI, XH VONROSENVINGE, EC JOHNSON, WW TOMAREV, SI PIATIGORSKY, J ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL TI 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE, CATALYTIC PROPERTIES, AND EVOLUTION OF A SIGMA-CLASS GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE FROM SQUID, A PROGENITOR OF THE LENS S-CRYSTALLINS OF CEPHALOPODS SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION; COMPLEX; ENZYMES; RECRUITMENT; MECHANISM; THETA AB The glutathione transferase from squid digestive gland is unique in its very high catalytic activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and in its ancestral relationship to the genes encoding the S-crystallins of the lens of cephalopod eye. The three-dimensional structure of this glutathione transferase in complex with the product 1-(S-glutathionyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzene (GSDNB) has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement techniques at a resolution of 2.4 Angstrom. Like the cytosolic enzymes from vertebrates, the squid protein is a dimer. The structure is similar in overall topology to the vertebrate enzymes but has a dimer interface that is unique when compared to all of the vertebrate and invertebrate structures thus far reported. The active site of the enzyme is very open, a fact that appears to correlate with the high turnover number (800 s(-1) at pH 6.5) toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Both k(cat) and k(cat)/K-m(CDNB) exhibit pH dependencies consistent with a pK(a) for the thiol of enzyme-bound GSH of 6.3. The enzyme is not very efficient at catalyzing the addition of GSH to enones and epoxides. This particular characteristic appears to be due to the lack of an electrophilic residue at position 106, which is often found in other GSH transferases. The F106Y mutant enzyme is much improved in catalyzing these reactions. Comparisons of the primary structure, gene structure, and three-dimensional structure with class alpha, mu, and pi enzymes support placing the squid protein in a separate enzyme class, sigma. The unique dimer interface suggests that the class sigma enzyme diverged from the ancestral precursor prior to the divergence of the precursor gene for the alpha, mu, and pi classes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,CTR MOLEC TOXICOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NEI,MOLEC & DEV BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012 OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30910] NR 53 TC 204 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 25 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 16 BP 5317 EP 5328 DI 10.1021/bi00016a003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QV314 UT WOS:A1995QV31400003 PM 7727393 ER PT J AU BOWEN, BW ABREUGROBOIS, FA BALAZS, GH KAMEZAKI, N LIMPUS, CJ FERL, RJ AF BOWEN, BW ABREUGROBOIS, FA BALAZS, GH KAMEZAKI, N LIMPUS, CJ FERL, RJ TI TRANS-PACIFIC MIGRATIONS OF THE LOGGERHEAD TURTLE (CARETTA-CARETTA) DEMONSTRATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION GENETICS; MIXED STOCK ASSESSMENT; MARINE TURTLES AB Juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) have recently been documented in the vicinity of Baja California, and thousands of these animals have been captured in oceanic fisheries of the North Pacific, The presence of loggerhead turtles in the central and eastern North Pacific is a prominent enigma in marine turtle distribution because the nearest documented nesting concentrations for this species are in Australia and Japan, over 10,000 km from Baja California. To determine the origin of the Baja California feeding aggregate and North Pacific fishery mortalities, samples from nesting areas and pelagic feeding aggregates were compared with genetic markers derived from mtDNA control region sequences, Overall, 57 of 60 pelagic samples (95%) match haplotypes seen only in Japanese nesting areas, implicating Japan as the primary source of turtles in the North Pacific Current and around Baja California. Australian nesting colonies may contribute the remaining 5% of these pelagic feeding aggregates. Juvenile loggerhead turtles apparently traverse the entire Pacific Ocean, approximately one-third of the planet, in the course of developmental migrations, but mortality in high-seas fisheries raises concern over the future of this migratory population. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,PROGRAM PLANT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. INST CIENCIAS MAR & LIMNOL,ESTAC MAZARTLAN,MAZATLAN 82000,SINALOA,MEXICO. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. KYOTO UNIV,GRAD SCH HUMAN & ENVIRONM STUDIES,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. QUEENSLAND DEPT ENVIRONM & HERITAGE,BRISBANE,QLD 4002,AUSTRALIA. RP BOWEN, BW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GENET ANAL CORE,POB 110699,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 40 TC 139 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 25 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 9 BP 3731 EP 3734 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3731 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV930 UT WOS:A1995QV93000020 PM 7731974 ER PT J AU SCHADT, RJ VANDERHART, DL AF SCHADT, RJ VANDERHART, DL TI SOLID-STATE PROTON NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE OF A GLASSY EPOXY EXPOSED TO WATER SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; RESIN SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION AB A cured epoxy originating from a stoichiometric mixture of a diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A and 1,3-phenylenediamine has been studied by proton NMR including multiple-pulse techniques. In order to address the question of the uniformity of water distribution based on possible variations in crosslink density, spin diffusion experiments on a dry epoxy were performed over a wide temperature range in order to probe the distance scale of cross-link heterogeneity. The actual experiments measured the minimum distance scale (4 nm) within which sample-wide variations in the multiple-pulse relaxation time, T-1xz, are included. Experiments were performed to indicate that these variations in T-1xz were not primarily associated with aliphatic versus aromatic protons. Whether the variations in T-1xz indicate variations in cross-link density versus fluctuations in local packing in the glass remains an open question. Water chemical shift versus water content was also measured. It was inferred from these data that the majority of the water was molecularly dispersed as opposed to being aggregated into voids. Given that the existence of voids is often invoked in the epoxy literature, the NMR data would limit the volume of any voids to a volume where only one or two water molecules would fit in each void. No evidence was seen in the chemical shift data which would support the idea that there were two different sites with substantially different affinities for water. Also, water line widths were measured at 75 degrees C for samples of different average water concentrations and relatively uniform concentration profiles. It was anticipated that this measurement would provide a calibration curve whereby the existence of water concentration gradients could. be identified for samples of known average water content. This anticipated result was not demonstrated conclusively. Finally, the line-width results are considered as they apply to the behavior of water in the later stages of water uptake. C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3416 EP 3424 DI 10.1021/ma00113a048 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QV060 UT WOS:A1995QV06000049 ER PT J AU PETRICH, W ANDERSON, MH ENSHER, JR CORNELL, EA AF PETRICH, W ANDERSON, MH ENSHER, JR CORNELL, EA TI STABLE, TIGHTLY CONFINING MAGNETIC TRAP FOR EVAPORATIVE COOLING OF NEUTRAL ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 20 TC 364 Z9 368 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 17 BP 3352 EP 3355 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3352 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QU827 UT WOS:A1995QU82700012 ER PT J AU ROWE, JM AF ROWE, JM TI US NEUTRON SOURCES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP ROWE, JM (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 21 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5209 BP 349 EP 350 DI 10.1126/science.268.5209.349-a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QU572 UT WOS:A1995QU57200003 ER PT J AU BRIBER, RM LIU, XD BAUER, BJ AF BRIBER, RM LIU, XD BAUER, BJ TI THE COLLAPSE OF FREE POLYMER-CHAINS IN A NETWORK SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYSTYRENE CHAINS; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; LOCALIZATION; SOLVENT; STATE AB The conformation of linear polymer chains trapped in a matrix of cross-linked polymer has been measured by neutron scattering. Three regimes were found depending on the length of the linear chain, N-l, with respect to the mesh size of the network, N-c. When N-c > N-l, the radius of gyration, R(g), of the linear chain is the same as that observed in the uncross-linked melt. When N-c < N-l, R(g) shrinks according to the scaling relation R(g)(-1) similar to N-c(-1) that has been predicted for isolated polymer chains trapped in a field of random obstacles. When N-c << N-l, the linear chains are observed to segregate. C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BRIBER, RM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 21 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5209 BP 395 EP 397 DI 10.1126/science.268.5209.395 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QU572 UT WOS:A1995QU57200032 PM 17746546 ER PT J AU HODGES, JT GREHAN, G GOUESBET, G PRESSER, C AF HODGES, JT GREHAN, G GOUESBET, G PRESSER, C TI FORWARD SCATTERING OF A GAUSSIAN-BEAM BY A NONABSORBING SPHERE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ELASTIC LIGHT SCATTERING; GENERALIZED LORENZ-MIE THEORY; GAUSSIAN BEAM; DIFFRACTION ID LORENZ-MIE THEORY; OPTICAL LEVITATION EXPERIMENTS; LASER-BEAM; DIFFRACTION THEORY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; PARTICLES; PROFILE; FIELDS; ORDER AB The forward scattering of a Gaussian laser beam by a spherical particle located along the beam axis is analyzed with the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) and with diffraction theory. Forward-scattering and near-forward-scattering profiles from electrodynamically levitated droplets, 51.6 mu m in diameter, are also presented and compared with GLMT-based predictions. The total intensity in the forward direction, formed by the superposition of the incident and the scattered fields, is found to correlate with the particle-extinction cross section, the particle diameter, and the beam width. Based on comparison with the GLMT, the diffraction solution is accurate when beam widths that are approximately greater than or equal to the particle diameter are considered and when large particles that have an extinction efficiency near the asymptotic value of 2 are considered. However, diffraction fails to describe the forward intensity for more tightly focused beams. The experimental observations, which are in good agreement with GLMT-based predictions, reveal that the total intensity profile about the forward direction is quite sensitive to particle axial position within a Gaussian beam. These finite beam effects are significant when the ratio of the beam to the particle diameter is less than approximately 5:1. For larger beam-to-particle-diameter ratios, the total field in the forward direction is dominated by the incident beam. C1 CNRS,URA 230,INST NATL SCI APPL ROUEN,ENERGET SYST & PROCEDES LAB,F-76131 MONT ST AIGNAN,FRANCE. RP HODGES, JT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2120 EP 2132 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA QU588 UT WOS:A1995QU58800016 PM 21037758 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RM LEONE, SR AF WILLIAMS, RM LEONE, SR TI LABORATORY STUDIES OF 3.3-MICRON EMISSION FROM NAPHTHALENE INDUCED BY 193 AND 248 NANOMETER EXCITATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, ISM, LINES AND BANDS; LINE, IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR PROCESSES ID INFRARED-EMISSION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IRAS SOURCES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; FEATURES; MOLECULES; NGC-7027; DYNAMICS; BENZENE AB Laboratory studies of infrared emission from gas-phase naphthalene in the 3.3 mu m region following ultraviolet laser excitation are used to interpret the unidentified infrared bands observed in many astronomical objects. A time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission technique acquires the time and spectrally resolved data. Two excitation wavelengths are employed: 193 nm and 248 nm. The infrared emission features are strongly dependent on the initial excitation energy. Wavelength-resolved spectra recorded 6.8 mu s after the laser pulse show a 45 cm(-1) redshift from the gas-phase absorption spectra for 193 nm excitation and 25 cm(-1) for 248 nm excitation. We hypothesize that a series of sequence bands originating from the highly vibrationally excited ensemble of molecules is responsible for the observed shift. As collisional and radiative deactivation removes energy from the highly vibrationally excited molecules, the maximum in the emission profile gradually approaches the customary absorption maximum. This indicates that the amount of redshift is strongly dependent on the amount of internal vibrational energy in the molecule at the time of the vibrational transition. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WILLIAMS, RM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 443 IS 2 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1086/175559 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QU584 UT WOS:A1995QU58400019 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, TC MCCARTHY, MP RUST, WD AF MARSHALL, TC MCCARTHY, MP RUST, WD TI ELECTRIC-FIELD MAGNITUDES AND LIGHTNING INITIATION IN THUNDERSTORMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NIGHT-SKY; PRECIPITATION; AIR; CLOUDS; PULSES AB Lightning may be initiated via an electron avalanche that may occur when energetic electrons (similar to 1 MeV) are accelerated by thunderstorm electric fields to velocities sufficient to produce new energetic electrons during ionizing collisions with nitrogen or oxygen molecules. For the avalanche to occur, the thunderstorm electric field must exceed a critical value called the breakeven field. At any altitude the breakeven field is substantially less than the field usually thought necessary either for dielectric breakdown or for streamer propagation. We show that 23 electric field soundings through thunderstorms seem to confirm that lightning occurs when the electric field exceeds the breakeven field. The soundings also show that the electric field inside storms tends to be limited to magnitudes less than or equal to the breakeven field. This breakeven mechanism may explain why electric field magnitudes greater than 150 kV m(-1) are rarely found inside thunderstorms. It may also help explain the initiation of lightning and other types of discharges that either propagate upward from the tops of thunderstorms or occur above them. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, GEOPHYS PROGRAM, SEATTLE, WA USA. NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. RP MARSHALL, TC (reprint author), UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA. NR 24 TC 128 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D4 BP 7097 EP 7103 DI 10.1029/95JD00020 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV028 UT WOS:A1995QV02800001 ER PT J AU MOODY, JL OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H MERRILL, JT AF MOODY, JL OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H MERRILL, JT TI TRANSPORT, CLIMATOLOGY OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE - BERMUDA, 1988-1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SURFACE OZONE; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPOPAUSE FOLDS; AMSTERDAM-ISLAND; UNITED-STATES; AIR AB We determined the major transport patterns for Bermuda and quantified the degree to which they influenced variability in ozone concentrations by applying cluster analysis to isentropic trajectories from September 1988, through September 1991. Concentration distributions of ozone associated with these transport patterns were significantly different. The highest concentrations of ozone in each season were associated with transport off the North American continent; the lowest concentrations were during low-level maritime transport around the Bermuda high. Using the vertical component of the isentropic trajectories, we also showed that the most extreme concentrations of ozone occurred with rapidly descending air from midtropospheric levels. This pattern was most pronounced in April and May when more than 50% of the O-3 variability was related to transport differences. We conclude that this relatively remote marine site, which normally experienced low maritime ozone levels ((similar to)30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)), periodically entrained dry, ozone-rich ((similar to)55 ppbv) midtropospheric air in association with strong subsidence in high pressure behind spring low-pressure systems. Although the ultimate source of these midtroposphere, midlatitude, elevated-ozone concentrations is still being investigated, the synoptic meteorology associated with these transport patterns supports a significant contribution from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP MOODY, JL (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CLARK HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. NR 50 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D4 BP 7179 EP 7194 DI 10.1029/94JD02830 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV028 UT WOS:A1995QV02800008 ER PT J AU TURNIPSEED, AA BARONE, SB JENSEN, NR HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TURNIPSEED, AA BARONE, SB JENSEN, NR HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ RAVISHANKARA, AR TI KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF CF3O RADICALS WITH CO AND H2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UPPER LIMITS; GAS-PHASE; MECHANISM; 295-K; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS AB The techniques of pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser-induced fluorescence and discharge flow/chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been employed to study the reactions CF3O + H2O --> CF3OH + OH and CF3O + CO (+M) --> products (+M). No reaction could be observed between CF3O and H2O at both 298 and 381 K, yielding upper limits of k(3)(298 K) less than or equal to 1 x 10(-16) and k(3)(381 K) less than or equal to 2 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The rate coefficient, k(4), for the reaction of CF3O with CO was observed to be dependent upon pressure, analogous to the OH + CO reaction. The high-pressure limiting rate coefficient was found to exhibit a weak positive temperature dependence with k(4 infinity)(298 K) (6.8 +/- 1.2) x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). A limit of less than or equal to 2 x 10(-15) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the pressure independent pathway was also obtained and a limit of less than or equal to 4 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was determined for the bimolecular path yielding CF3 and CO2 as products, both at 298 K. Information on the OH + CF3OOCF3, OH + CF3O, and CF3OO + CO reactions and on the products of the 248 nm photolysis of CF3OOCF3 was also obtained. The atmospheric implications of the results are discussed. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,ERL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. DANISH NAT SCI RES COUNCIL,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 16 BP 6000 EP 6009 DI 10.1021/j100016a041 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QU828 UT WOS:A1995QU82800041 ER PT J AU GRODKOWSKI, J NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P AF GRODKOWSKI, J NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P TI RADIOLYTIC REDUCTION OF RHODIUM PORPHYRINS - CHAIN-REACTION IN ALKALINE 2-PROPANOL SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION; C-H BONDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN HYDRIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; RH-C; COMPLEXES; ACTIVATION; TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN; DEHYDROGENATION AB Rhodium(III) tetramesitylporphyrin (Rh(III)TMP) undergoes radiolytic reduction in deoxygenated alkaline alcohol solutions to produce a transient Rh(II)TMP and then a stable Rh(I)TMP. When the solvent was 2-PrOH and the KOH concentration was >0.02 mol L(-1), the radiolytic yield of reduction was considerably higher than the total yield of reducing radicals, indicating a chain reaction. The chain propagation process is suggested to be a reaction of the intermediate Rh(II)TMP with the solvent and the base to yield Rh(I)TMP and an additional reducing radical, (CH3)(2)CO-. No chain reaction was observed with [KOH] < 0.01 mol L(-1) or when the solvent was MeOH. With pyridine as an axial ligand, reduction occurs on the porphyrin ring to yield Rh(III)TMP.-, which then yields the stable Rh(I)TMP. Further radiolytic reduction of Rh(I)TMP in 2-PrOH takes place at the porphyrin ring to yield the chlorin and more highly reduced products. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 16 BP 6019 EP 6023 DI 10.1021/j100016a043 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QU828 UT WOS:A1995QU82800043 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ AF WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ TI STUDIES OF LAALO3(100) SURFACES USING RHEED AND REM .1. TWINS, STEPS AND DISLOCATIONS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LANTHANUM-ALUMINATE; REFLECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (REM); STEPPED SINGLE CRYSTAL SURFACES; SURFACE STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY, ROUGHNESS, AND TOPOGRAPHY ID REFLECTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BULK CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH AB Lanthanum-aluminate (LaAlO3) is one of the optimum substrates for epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films. In this paper, the structures of the {100} surfaces of annealed LaAlO3 are studied using reflection electron microscopy (REM). The importance of substrate steps on the growth of defects in the film is shown. It has been found that a {010} twin boundary is normally terminated with a [001] step at the surface. Dislocations are not observed in the flat surface areas but occur at the twin boundaries that intersects the {100} surface. The observed dislocation is screw-type with Burgers vector a[100]. Numerous [010] and [001] ''sawtooth'' steps have been observed, and they are believed to be the lowest surface energy steps. It is suggested that the {100} surfaces are terminated entirely with either the La-O layer or the Al-O layer, but not a mixture of both. The miscut angle and the heights of surface steps are measured using the mirror imaging technique. Finally, the effect of surface contaminants on the growth of surface steps is shown, and a growth mechanism is proposed. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00014-3 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA QT199 UT WOS:A1995QT19900017 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ AF WANG, ZL SHAPIRO, AJ TI STUDIES OF LAALO3(100) SURFACES USING RHEED AND REM .2. 5X5 SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LANTHANUM-ALUMINATE; REFLECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (REM); STEPPED SINGLE CRYSTAL SURFACES; SURFACE STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY, ROUGHNESS, AND TOPOGRAPHY ID MGO AB For the first time, 5 X 5 surface reconstruction on annealed LaAlO3{100} surfaces is observed with reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection electron microscopy (REM). Most of the {100} surface areas are covered by the reconstructed layer. The presence of twin boundaries and protrusion contaminants on the surface has no influence on the formation of the reconstruction. Surface steps may enhance the surface reconstruction but are not essential to initiate the reconstruction. This feature is interpreted based on the adsorption models of oxygen on surface steps. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00015-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA QT199 UT WOS:A1995QT19900018 ER PT J AU MAO, SN JIANG, W XI, XX LI, Q PENG, JL GREENE, RL VENKATESAN, T BEESABATHINA, DP SALAMANCARIBA, L WU, XD AF MAO, SN JIANG, W XI, XX LI, Q PENG, JL GREENE, RL VENKATESAN, T BEESABATHINA, DP SALAMANCARIBA, L WU, XD TI CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN OVER-REDUCED ND1.85CE0.15CUO4-Y FILMS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,STC,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ELECT ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP MAO, SN (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 16 BP 2137 EP 2139 DI 10.1063/1.113928 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QT728 UT WOS:A1995QT72800043 ER PT J AU HOLLANDSWORTH, SM MCPETERS, RD FLYNN, LE PLANET, W MILLER, AJ CHANDRA, S AF HOLLANDSWORTH, SM MCPETERS, RD FLYNN, LE PLANET, W MILLER, AJ CHANDRA, S TI OZONE TRENDS DEDUCED FROM COMBINED NIMBUS-7 SBUV AND NOAA-11 SBUV/2 DATA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The long-term time series of global ozone from the Nimbus-7 SBUV (Nov. 1978-June 1990) are extended through June 1994 by using measurements from the NOAA-11 SBUV/2. The data sets are merged based upon comparisons during the 18-month overlap period in which both instruments were operational. During this period, the average offset between the two time series is less than 2% in total ozone, and less than 6% in Umkehr layers 1-10. A linear-regression trend model is applied to the extended time series to calculate updated trends as a function of latitude and altitude. Trends through June 1994 are 1.5-2% per decade less negative than through June 1990 in the tropical middle stratosphere (35-40 km) and in the upper stratosphere (45-50 km) at mid-latitudes. In the lower stratosphere, the trends are nearly 15% per decade more negative in the southern hemisphere tropical regions to 25 degrees S, but remain relatively unchanged elsewhere. The seasonal structure of the total ozone trends is similar to past trend study results, but the magnitude of the seasonal trend can vary by 2% per decade depending on the length of the time series. Both TOMS (through April 1993) and SBUV total ozone time series show small negative trends in the equatorial region, though they are not statistically significant at the 2-sigma level. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SOFTWARE CORP AMER,LANHAM,MD 20706. NOAA,ORL,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NOAA,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP HOLLANDSWORTH, SM (reprint author), APPL RES CORP,8201 CORP DR,LANDOVER,MD 20785, USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 NR 9 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 8 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1029/95GL00605 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QT666 UT WOS:A1995QT66600010 ER PT J AU ISAYEV, G LEVITUS, S AF ISAYEV, G LEVITUS, S TI A DIAGNOSIS OF THE NORTH-ATLANTIC HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CIRCULATION WITH ERROR-ESTIMATES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; OCEAN; SECTIONS; STRESS; HEAT AB A diagnostic model for computation of the horizontal and vertical components of large-scale, time-averaged oceanic circulation from climatologically averaged observed data is presented that completely avoids the use of advection-diffusion balance. First, within this model the total transport is determined from density, wind stress, and bottom topography following the Mellor et al. (1982) model for computation of the total transport stream function. Then the ocean bottom is chosen as a reference surface. The horizontal and vertical components of reference (bottom) velocity are expressed through the total transport and the standard oceanographic data indicated above. A new method for determining vertical velocity is presented allowing computation of the vertical component of bottom velocity that is as reliable as computation of the horizontal components of bottom velocity. The horizontal and vertical components of absolute geostrophic velocity at different levels are determined as the horizontal and vertical components of bottom velocity plus the geostrophic shears at these levels relative to the bottom. The geostrophic shear of horizontal velocity is determined by the thermal wind relations; the geostrophic shear of vertical velocity is determined by the geostrophic vorticity balance. The model is applied to the computation and analysis of the North Atlantic climatological absolute geostrophic circulation. All input and output data are on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid. The computed reference (bottom) velocity field contains the large-scale flows which in some areas considerably affect the absolute geostrophic velocity field in the upper layer, namely, the Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador Currents of up to 20 cm/s, the countercirculation north of the Gulf Stream of up to 15 cm/s(-1), the Azores circulation of up to 5 cm/s, and the coherent flow of up to 7 cm/s south of 30 degrees N, which we call the Eastern (east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and Western (west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) loops. All bottom flows mentioned above follow f/h (planetary vorticity, where f is the Coriolis parameter and h is the variable ocean depth) contours, are counterclockwise, and obey the following rule: the flow is upslope where the meridional bottom velocity is southward and vice versa. The computed vertical component of bottom velocity is typically several times larger than the Ekman pumping. The signs of the vertical component of bottom velocity are dynamically consistent with the signs of the meridional transport driven by bottom pressure torque and the vertical component of absolute geostrophic velocity at the ocean surface agrees with the Ekman pumping. Relative errors of the horizontal and vertical components of bottom velocity in the areas of these bottom flows are similar to 10-20%. The diagnostic computations, analysis of the basic dynamics, and the error estimates indicate the following features of the North Atlantic large-scale circulation. The Gulf Stream system, the North Atlantic Current, and the subtropical gyre are mainly baroclinic. The Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador currents, the countercurrent north of the Gulf Stream, and the Azores circulation are mainly barotropic. In the latitudes between 20 degrees N and 30 degrees N there is the broad westward flow across the whole North Atlantic with a speed in the main thermocline of 5-10 cm/s(-1). This flow has comparable baroclinic and barotropic components and is separate from the subtropical gyre. The subtropical gyre consists of two circulation cells. The two-cell structure is expressed in the main thermocline both in the absolute velocity field and in the geostrophic shear relative to the bottom. It is determined by the climatological density field and the thermal wind relations. South of 30 degrees N there is the nonconventional large-scale westward bottom flow along f/h contours of up to 7 cm/s(-1). Reality of this bottom flow is supported by independent evidence based on sediment data. RP ISAYEV, G (reprint author), NOAA,NODC,OCEAN CLIMATE LAB,E-0C5,ROOM 409,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C4 BP 6795 EP 6815 DI 10.1029/94JC03067 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QT222 UT WOS:A1995QT22200020 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, JS DOLE, RM AF WHITAKER, JS DOLE, RM TI ORGANIZATION OF STORM TRACKS IN ZONALLY VARYING FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; BAROCLINIC WAVE ACTIVITY; BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EL-NINO; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCES; ATMOSPHERE; ANOMALIES; CYCLOGENESIS AB A simple two-layer quasigeostrophic model is employed to investigate the sensitivity of storm tracks to changes in an externally imposed, zonally varying large-scale flow. Zonally asymmetric temperature and horizontal deformation fields are varied systematically in order to compare the effects of baroclinicity and horizontal deformation on storm track dynamics. The sensitivity of the storm tracks to uniform barotropic zonal flows is also examined. The results show two competing processes for storm track organization, one associated with a local maximum in baroclinicity and the other with a local minimum in horizontal deformation. When the equilibrium state consists of a zonally symmetric temperature field and a barotropic stationary wave, the maximum in synoptic-scale transient eddy energy (storm track) is located in the entrance region of the upper jet just downstream of the point of minimum horizontal deformation. As zonal variations in baroclinicity become large (keeping the upper-layer horizontal deformation constant), the storm track shifts to the jet exit region just downstream of the point of maximum baroclinicity. For flows intermediate between the above cases, that is, having weaker zonal variations in baroclinicity and the same upper-layer deformation, two storm track maxima appear, one located in the jet entrance and the other in the jet exit region. The results also indicate that the storm tracks are sensitive to changes in a uniform barotropic zonal Bow. The presence of a uniform westerly flow extends the storm track and strengthens eddy activity, while the addition of a uniform easterly flow shortens the storm track and dramatically weakens eddy activity. The changes in the magnitudes of eddy activity appear related to differences in the efficiency of nonlinear barotropic decay processes in weakening the eddies in the jet exit region. Sensitivities of the location of the storm tracks to changes in large-scale flow parameters are well captured by linear calculations, although sensitivities of the strength of the storm tracks are not. For sufficiently strong zonal variations in baroclinicity, two coherent modes of low-frequency variability develop. They are characterized synoptically by 1) a meridional shift, and 2) an extension/contraction as well as a modulation in the strength of the upper-layer jet and storm track. C1 NOAA,ERL,CDC,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WHITAKER, JS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1178 EP 1191 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1178:OOSTIZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV955 UT WOS:A1995QV95500013 ER PT J AU EARLY, EA CLARK, AF LOBB, CJ AF EARLY, EA CLARK, AF LOBB, CJ TI PHYSICAL BASIS FOR HALF-INTEGRAL SHAPIRO STEPS IN A DC SQUID SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SHUNTED-JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; ARRAYS; MODEL; NOISE AB The dynamics of a DC SQUID is analogous to the classical dynamics of a particle subject to conservative, damping, and driving forces in two dimensions. The equations of motion define a trajectory on a potential-energy surface derived from the conservative forces, the components of which correspond to different forms of stored energy in the SQUID, In the presence of a periodic driving force, half-integral Shapiro steps are possible when the trajectory follows a zig-zag path between minima of the potential surface. This description of the dynamics in terms of a potential surface provides an intuitive, physical basis for previous simulation results on half-integral Shapiro steps in a DC SQUID. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP EARLY, EA (reprint author), NIST,MET B-258,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 245 IS 3-4 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00126-3 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QW807 UT WOS:A1995QW80700016 ER PT J AU KENDELEWICZ, T KLEPEIS, JE WOICIK, JC SOUTHWORTH, SH MAILHIOT, C VANSCHILFGAARDE, M METHFESSEL, M HERRERAGOMEZ, A MIYANO, KE AF KENDELEWICZ, T KLEPEIS, JE WOICIK, JC SOUTHWORTH, SH MAILHIOT, C VANSCHILFGAARDE, M METHFESSEL, M HERRERAGOMEZ, A MIYANO, KE TI LARGE-ANGLE BOND-ROTATION RELAXATION FOR CDTE(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 110 SURFACES; ATOMIC GEOMETRIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAP; ZNS C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. INST HALBLEITERPHYS,O-1200 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT PHYS,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. RP KENDELEWICZ, T (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 16 BP 10774 EP 10778 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.10774 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QW284 UT WOS:A1995QW28400053 ER PT J AU ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W AF ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W TI THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THERMOCHEMISTRY, ENERGETICS, AND KINETICS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SIXHYOZ REACTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE FORMATION; SILANONE; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; GROWTH; FLAMES; BONDS AB Ab-initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed on silicon oxy hydride species and transition states for reactions that may be important to silane combustion and other high-temperature oxidations. Geometries were optimized at both HF/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-31G(d) levels, and vibrational frequencies were calculated at the HF/6-31G(d) level. Heats of formation for both equilibrium and transition state species have been obtained using a bond additivity correction (BAC) procedure at either the MP4/6-31G(d,p)//HF/6-31G(d) or MP4/6-311G(2df,p)//MP2//6-31G(d) level. From the calculated transition state properties, limiting rate expressions have been derived in the usual manner. In the case of unimolecular processes in the broadest sense (decomposition, association, and chemically activated decompositions) RRKM/master equation solutions lead to rate expressions reflecting pressure dependencies. RP ZACHARIAH, MR (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 13 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 15 BP 5308 EP 5318 DI 10.1021/j100015a012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QT465 UT WOS:A1995QT46500012 ER PT J AU RIDGE, KD LEE, SSJ YAO, LL AF RIDGE, KD LEE, SSJ YAO, LL TI IN-VIVO ASSEMBLY OF RHODOPSIN FROM EXPRESSED POLYPEPTIDE FRAGMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN FOLDING; COMPLEMENTATION; VISUAL PIGMENT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS ID BOVINE RHODOPSIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; PROTEIN-FRAGMENTS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; SEQUENCE; GENE; RECONSTITUTION; CELLS; PHOTORECEPTOR AB Rhodopsin folding and assembly were investigated by expression of five bovine opsin gene fragments separated at points corresponding to proteolytic cleavage sites in the second or third cytoplasmic regions. The CH(1-146) and CH(147-348) gene fragments encode amino acids 1-146 and 147-348 of opsin, while the TH(1-240) and TH(241-348) gene fragments encode amino acids 1-240 and 241-348, respectively, Another gene fragment, CT(147-240), encodes amino acids 147-240, All five opsin polypeptide fragments were stably produced upon expression of the corresponding gene fragments in COS-1 cells. The singly expressed polypeptide fragments failed to form a chromophore with 11-cis-retinal, whereas coexpression of two or three complementary fragments [CH(1-146) + CH(147-348), TH(1-240) + TH(241-348), or CH(1-146) + CT(147-240) + TH(241-348)] formed pigments with spectral properties similar to wild-type rhodopsin. The NH2-terminal polypeptide in these rhodopsins showed a glycosylation pattern characteristic of wild-type COS-1 cell rhodopsin and was noncovalently associated with its complementary fragment(s). Further, the CH(1-146) + CH(147-348) rhodopsin showed substantial light-dependent activation of transducin. We conclude that the functional assembly of rhodopsin is mediated by the association of at least three protein-folding domains. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP RIDGE, KD (reprint author), NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 51 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 11 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3204 EP 3208 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3204 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QR968 UT WOS:A1995QR96800028 PM 7724540 ER PT J AU PLANT, AL BRIGHAMBURKE, M PETRELLA, EC OSHANNESSY, DJ AF PLANT, AL BRIGHAMBURKE, M PETRELLA, EC OSHANNESSY, DJ TI PHOSPHOLIPID ALKANETHIOL BILAYERS FOR CELL-SURFACE RECEPTOR STUDIES BY SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONOLAYERS; GOLD; VESICLES; BINDING; FILMS AB Supported hybrid bilayer membranes (HBM) composed of a monolayer of phospholipid and a monolayer of alkanethiol associated with a thin gold film on glass are useful as model lipid bilayer membranes for studying membrane receptor-ligand and cell-cell binding events by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Measurements of specific binding of proteins and lipid vesicles to well-defined HBMs have been performed under conditions of continuous flow using a commercial SPR instrument (BIAcore). HBMs are shown to be stable in how and to block nonspecific adsorption of proteins to the alkanethiol/gold surface. The use of such supported lipid bilayers in flow provides a means of conducting equilibrium and kinetic studies of models of ligand-cell and cell-cell interactions with receptors or ligands in a membrane environment. Compared to the extended dextran polymer layer that is currently used for surface modification of BIAcore ''sensor chips,'' the described HBMs provide a well-defined surface that will permit less ambiguous modeling of these important biological interactions. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,DEPT PROT BIOCHEM,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP PLANT, AL (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 226 IS 2 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1006/abio.1995.1234 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QR536 UT WOS:A1995QR53600022 PM 7793636 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HR ENSMAN, LM ALEXANDER, DR AVRETT, EH BROWN, A CARPENTER, KG ERIKSSON, K GUSTAFSSON, B JORGENSEN, UG JUDGE, PD LINSKY, JL LUTTERMOSER, DG QUERCI, F QUERCI, M ROBINSON, RD WING, RF AF JOHNSON, HR ENSMAN, LM ALEXANDER, DR AVRETT, EH BROWN, A CARPENTER, KG ERIKSSON, K GUSTAFSSON, B JORGENSEN, UG JUDGE, PD LINSKY, JL LUTTERMOSER, DG QUERCI, F QUERCI, M ROBINSON, RD WING, RF TI OUTER LAYERS OF A CARBON STAR - THE VIEW FROM THE HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CARBON; STARS, CHROMOSPHERES; STARS, MASS LOSS; ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID MASS-LOSS RATES; GIANT STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; EVOLVED STARS; TX-PISCIUM; COOL; CHROMOSPHERES; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; VELOCITIES AB To advance our understanding of the relationship between stellar chromospheres and mass loss, which is a common property of carbon stars and other asymptotic giant branch stars, we have obtained ultraviolet spectra of the nearby N-type carbon star UU Aur using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In this paper we describe the HST observations, identify spectral features in both absorption and emission, and attempt to infer the velocity field in the chromosphere, upper photosphere, and circumstellar envelope from spectral line shifts. A mechanism for producing fluoresced emission to explain a previously unobserved emission line is proposed. Some related ground-based observations are also described. C1 WICHITA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WICHITA,KS 67208. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV COLORADO,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. ASTRON OBSERV,S-75120 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307. APPL RES CORP,LANDOVER,MD 20785. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP JOHNSON, HR (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,SWAIN W 319,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 443 IS 1 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1086/175525 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QQ879 UT WOS:A1995QQ87900030 ER PT J AU KONERIPALLI, N SINGH, N LEVICKY, R BATES, FS GALLAGHER, PD SATIJA, SK AF KONERIPALLI, N SINGH, N LEVICKY, R BATES, FS GALLAGHER, PD SATIJA, SK TI CONFINED BLOCK-COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK-COPOLYMER; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; MELTS AB Thin films of nearly symmetric diblock copolymers of poly(ethylenepropylene)-poly-(ethylethylene) (PEP-PEE) were investigated in confinement between two hard walls. The domain thickness was found to be a function of the film thickness. Mechanically stable films with an integral number of domains were found with the ordering parallel to the hard walls at all degrees of frustration. The PEE block was found to preferentially segregate to both the confining surfaces. A discontinuous first-order-like transition occurred in the number of domains. These results provide a new approach toward probing the influence of chain stretching (or dilation) on the stability of block copolymer structures. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MAT SCI & CHEM ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Bates, Frank/0000-0003-3977-1278 NR 23 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2897 EP 2904 DI 10.1021/ma00112a041 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QT946 UT WOS:A1995QT94600041 ER PT J AU DIMARZIO, EA GUTTMAN, CM MAH, A AF DIMARZIO, EA GUTTMAN, CM MAH, A TI EFFECT OF HETEROGENEOUS ENERGIES ON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES - ADSORPTION OF COPOLYMERS, COMB POLYMERS, AND STARS ONTO A SURFACE SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; TRANSITION; MODEL AB With a view to understanding how a dilute sprinkling of strong hydrogen bonds affect the bulk properties and the colligative properties of polymers, we examine three polymer adsorption problems. They are (1) a copolymer between two adsorbing plates, (2) a comb polymer between two adsorbing surfaces, and (3) a star polymer between two absorbing surfaces. Matrix methods are used to solve each of these problems. Numerical results for a block copolymer with a periodic repeat of a single strong bond and r weak bonds show that the adsorption is not well represented by a model which replaces the segments by those of an average energy. This means that the specifics of molecular architecture cannot be ignored as has been done in so much of the previously published work on adsorption. Because the matrices do not commute, block polymers and random copolymers of the same composition are expected to show different adsorption profiles. RP DIMARZIO, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2930 EP 2937 DI 10.1021/ma00112a045 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QT946 UT WOS:A1995QT94600045 ER PT J AU RAUM, K KOELLNER, M ZEILINGER, A ARIF, M GAHLER, R AF RAUM, K KOELLNER, M ZEILINGER, A ARIF, M GAHLER, R TI EFFECTIVE-MASS ENHANCED DEFLECTION OF NEUTRONS IN NONINERTIAL FRAMES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION; INTERFEROMETRY; INTERFERENCE; GRAVITY; PHASE; FIELD C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH, DEPT PHYS, D-85747 GARCHING, GERMANY. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP RAUM, K (reprint author), UNIV INNSBRUCK, INST PHYS EXPTL, TECH STR 25, A-6020 INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 15 BP 2859 EP 2862 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2859 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QR453 UT WOS:A1995QR45300004 ER PT J AU BRUNO, P STILES, MD YAFET, Y AF BRUNO, P STILES, MD YAFET, Y TI EXCHANGE COUPLING IN MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS - A QUANTUM-SIZE EFFECT - COMMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP BRUNO, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,INST ELECTR FONDAMENTALE,CNRS,URA 22,BATIMENT,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Bruno, Patrick/C-9159-2009; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Bruno, Patrick/0000-0002-2574-1943; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 15 BP 3087 EP 3087 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3087 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QR453 UT WOS:A1995QR45300064 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, WP AF OCONNOR, WP TI THE COMPLEX WAVE-NUMBER EIGENVALUES OF LAPLACES TIDAL EQUATIONS FOR OCEANS BOUNDED BY MERIDIANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY-MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARTHS ROTATION; TIDES AB The complex wavenumber eigenvalues of Laplace's tidal equations are determined for an ocean of constant depth bounded by meridians. A Galerkin method is used to expand the tide height and velocities in series of associated Legendre functions. A homogeneous system of equations results from the continuity and momentum equations. The frequency and depth are fixed, so that the meridional wavenumbers are the eigenvalues. This gives rise to a generalized eigenvalue problem that must be solved numerically by iteration. The eigenvalues are not integers and represent inertia-gravity wave solutions at the specified tidal forcing frequency that can be excited by the presence of meridional boundaries. Those complex eigenvalues represent solutions that decay away from meridional boundaries. The eigenvalue spectrum is investigated for the semi-diurnal, fortnightly, and monthly tides. One complex wavenumber for the semi-diurnal tide explains the amphidromic systems within 20 degrees of a north-south coastline. The fortnightly and monthly tides have only real wavenumber eigenvalues. The basin scale deviation of these tides from equilibrium is attributed to low wavenumber divergent inertia-gravity waves. RP OCONNOR, WP (reprint author), NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8444 J9 P R SOC-MATH PHYS SC JI P. Roy. Soc.-Math. Phys. Sci. PD APR 8 PY 1995 VL 449 IS 1935 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1098/rspa.1995.0031 PG 14 GA QU762 UT WOS:A1995QU76200003 ER PT J AU BUCKLEY, TJ JOHNSON, RD HUIE, RE ZHANG, Z KUO, SC KLEMM, RB AF BUCKLEY, TJ JOHNSON, RD HUIE, RE ZHANG, Z KUO, SC KLEMM, RB TI IONIZATION ENERGIES, APPEARANCE ENERGIES, AND THERMOCHEMISTRY OF CF2O AND FCO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION SPECTRUM; GROUND-STATE; RADICALS AB With the discharge flow-photoionization mass spectrometer (DF-PIMS) coupled to the U-11 beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source, we have measured the ionization energies of C2F4, CF2, and CF2O and appearance energy of FCO+ from CF2O. The PIMS results corroborate those determined by other techniques. With high-level ab initio calculations that utilize a large basis set and isogyric corrections, we have determined an ionization energy of 9.3 + 0.1 eV for FCO. At 298 K, the heats of formation of FCO (-152 +/- 12 kJ/mol) and FCO+ (745.3 +/- 9.6 kJ/mol) [relative to Delta(f)H(298)(0)(CF2O) = -607.9 +/- 7.1 kJ/mol] were determined and agree to within the uncertainties of other measurements but with much higher precision. We have evaluated the bond strengths D-298(0)(F-CFO) and D-298(0)(F-CO) to be 535 +/- 12 anti 121 +/- 12 kJ/mol, respectively. RP BUCKLEY, TJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 47 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 6 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 14 BP 4879 EP 4885 DI 10.1021/j100014a002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QR228 UT WOS:A1995QR22800002 ER PT J AU HUEY, LG HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ AF HUEY, LG HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ TI REACTIONS OF SF6- AND I- WITH ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; RATE CONSTANTS; EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA; CHLORINE NITRATE; SULFURIC-ACID; PHASE ANIONS; NITRIC-ACID; PHOTODETACHMENT; KINETICS AB The rate constants for the reactions of SF6- with ClNO3, HNO3, HCl, N2O5, NO2, O-3, Cl-2, Cl2O, HOCl, CF2O, CF3CFO, and SO2 were measured at 293 K using the flowing afterglow technique. The rate coefficients range from 2 x 10(-11) to 2 x 10(-9) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) Most of the SF6- reactions give multiple products except for Cl-2, NO2, and O-3, which react only by charge transfer, and CF2O and CF3CFO, which react only by fluoride transfer. The reactions of SF6- with Br2O, BrNO3, and HOBr were studied qualitatively. All of the SF6- reactions studied provide a method for selectively detecting the neutral reactant by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The reactions of I- with CINO3, N2O5, HNO3, NO2, and O-3 were also studied. The reactions with CINO3 and N2O5 are fast (kappa greater than or equal to 9 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) and produce only NO3-. I- is unreactive with HNO3, NO2, and O-3. The SF6- reactions with HCl and O-3 and the I- reaction with N2O5 were found to be significantly faster than reported previously. RP HUEY, LG (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 63 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 6 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 14 BP 5001 EP 5008 DI 10.1021/j100014a021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QR228 UT WOS:A1995QR22800021 ER PT J AU ANTOSIEWICZ, J MCCAMMON, JA WLODEK, ST GILSON, MK AF ANTOSIEWICZ, J MCCAMMON, JA WLODEK, ST GILSON, MK TI SIMULATION OF CHARGE-MUTANT ACETYLCHOLINESTERASES SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REACTION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; GUIDANCE; BINDING; MODELS AB A recent experimental study of human acetylcholinesterase has shown that the mutation of surface acidic residues has little effect on the rate constant for hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. It was concluded, on this basis, that the reaction is not diffusion controlled and that electrostatic steering plays only a minor role in determining the rate. Here we examine this issue through Brownian dynamics simulations on Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in which the surface acidic residues homologous with those mutated in the human enzyme are artifically neutralized. The computed effects of the mutations on the rate constants reproduce quite well the modest effects of the mutations upon the measured encounter rates. Nonetheless, the electrostatic field of the enzyme is found to increase the rate constants by about an order of magnitude in both the wild type and the mutants. We therefore conclude that the mutation experiments do not disprove that electrostatic steering substantially affects the catalytic rate of acetylcholinesterase. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHARMACOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP ANTOSIEWICZ, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Antosiewicz, Jan/G-1308-2011 NR 31 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 4 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 13 BP 4211 EP 4219 DI 10.1021/bi00013a009 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QR208 UT WOS:A1995QR20800009 PM 7703233 ER PT J AU BLACKMON, JC CHAMPAGNE, AE HOFSTEE, MA SMITH, MS DOWNING, RG LAMAZE, GP AF BLACKMON, JC CHAMPAGNE, AE HOFSTEE, MA SMITH, MS DOWNING, RG LAMAZE, GP TI MEASUREMENT OF THE O-17(P,ALPHA)N-14 CROSS-SECTION AT STELLAR ENERGIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION C1 TRIANGLE UNIV NUCL LAB,DURHAM,NC 27708. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BLACKMON, JC (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 15 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 14 BP 2642 EP 2645 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2642 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QP891 UT WOS:A1995QP89100006 ER PT J AU COOLEY, LD GRISHIN, AM AF COOLEY, LD GRISHIN, AM TI PINCH EFFECT IN COMMENSURATE VORTEX-PIN LATTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY MODULATED CONCENTRATION; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TYPE-2 SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; ELASTIC ENERGY; INDUCTIONS; VORTICES; ALLOYS; STATE RP COOLEY, LD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 14 BP 2788 EP 2791 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2788 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QP891 UT WOS:A1995QP89100043 ER PT J AU SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW SUMARLIN, IW AF SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW SUMARLIN, IW TI SPIN STRUCTURES OF TETRAGONAL LAMELLAR COPPER OXIDES - COMMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; CU C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 14 BP 2842 EP 2842 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2842 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QP891 UT WOS:A1995QP89100061 ER PT J AU YILDIRIM, T HARRIS, AB ENTINWOHLMAN, O AHARONY, A AF YILDIRIM, T HARRIS, AB ENTINWOHLMAN, O AHARONY, A TI SPIN STRUCTURES OF TETRAGONAL LAMELLAR COPPER OXIDES - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID EXCHANGE C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. RP YILDIRIM, T (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 14 BP 2843 EP 2843 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2843 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QP891 UT WOS:A1995QP89100062 ER PT J AU ANTONUCCI, JM SKRTIC, D EANES, ED AF ANTONUCCI, JM SKRTIC, D EANES, ED TI REMINERALIZING DENTAL COMPOSITES BASED ON AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDR,BONE RES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 6 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302028 ER PT J AU REIPA, V GAIGALAS, AK VILKER, VL AF REIPA, V GAIGALAS, AK VILKER, VL TI REVERSIBLE REDUCTION OF PUTIDAREDOXIN ON A SILVER ELECTRODE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 23 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200474 ER PT J AU GILMAN, JW VANDERHART, DL KASHIWAGI, T AF GILMAN, JW VANDERHART, DL KASHIWAGI, T TI CHAR CHARACTERIZATION - THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION CHEMISTRY OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 26 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200799 ER PT J AU CURRIE, LA AF CURRIE, LA TI FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS TO DATING AND ISOTOPE RATIO UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO THE MULTIVARIATE ISOTOPIC-CHEMICAL BLANK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 34 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300034 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW ANTONUCCI, JM SCOTT, GL AF STANSBURY, JW ANTONUCCI, JM SCOTT, GL TI PHOTOCURED COMPOSITES BASED ON DIMETHACRYLATE MONOMERS OF VARIED FLUORINE CONTENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HANNAM UNIV,DEPT CHEM,TAEJON 300791,SOUTH KOREA. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 35 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302057 ER PT J AU VERKOUTEREN, RM AF VERKOUTEREN, RM TI CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC VARIABILITIES OF BLANK CARBON INTRODUCED DURING AMS TARGET PREPARATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 36 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300036 ER PT J AU SCHUTTE, CL MCAULIFF, M AF SCHUTTE, CL MCAULIFF, M TI USE OF THE SINGLE-FIBER FRAGMENTATION TEST TO STUDY DURABILITY OF MODEL GLASS-FIBER EPOXY INTERFACES INTERPHASES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 43 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302065 ER PT J AU ANTONUCCI, JM MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL MOON, CK AF ANTONUCCI, JM MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL MOON, CK TI SHEAR-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OF DENTAL POLYMER-GLASS FIBER INTERFACES VIA THE MICROBOND TEST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 48 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302070 ER PT J AU POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ AF POIRIER, GE TARLOV, MJ TI THERMAL-STABILITY AND SELF-DIFFUSION OF N-ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS SELF-ASSEMBLED ON AU(111) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 49 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201560 ER PT J AU CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P SEMACIK, S POIRIER, GE KREIDER, KG SMALL, JA MARSHALL, J GAITAN, M AF CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P SEMACIK, S POIRIER, GE KREIDER, KG SMALL, JA MARSHALL, J GAITAN, M TI MICRO-HOTPLATES FOR SURFACE-CHEMISTRY AND GAS-SENSING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 51 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201562 ER PT J AU GADZUK, JW AF GADZUK, JW TI THE BREAKING OF THE SURFACE CHEMICAL-BOND - HOT-ELECTRONS SURFACE FEMTOCHEMISTRY, AND THINGS LIKE THAT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 59 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201570 ER PT J AU LASZLO, B HUIE, RE AF LASZLO, B HUIE, RE TI THE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF IODINE MONOXIDE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 73 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202019 ER PT J AU TEBO, BM EDWARDS, DB SUNDA, WG KIEBER, DJ AF TEBO, BM EDWARDS, DB SUNDA, WG KIEBER, DJ TI BACTERIAL MANGANESE OXIDATION LEADS TO THE DEGRADATION AND UTILIZATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UCSD,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. SUNY SYRACUSE,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 77 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202358 ER PT J AU EGELHOFF, WF AF EGELHOFF, WF TI X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AS A PROBE OF SURFACE SEGREGATION AND INTERDIFFUSION IN METAL-METAL SYSTEMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 82 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300837 ER PT J AU WEETALL, HH PANDEY, P HORUATH, J AF WEETALL, HH PANDEY, P HORUATH, J TI DETECTION OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS USING DNA INTERCALATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 96 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301975 ER PT J AU EFURD, DW ATTREP, M MILLER, GG ROKOP, DJ HAMEEDI, J VALETTESILVER, N AF EFURD, DW ATTREP, M MILLER, GG ROKOP, DJ HAMEEDI, J VALETTESILVER, N TI MEASUREMENT OF PLUTONIUM IN SEDIMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES FROM THE BEAUFORT SEA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 110 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300110 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GW AF KRAMER, GW TI THE CAALS-I COMMUNICATION SPECIFICATION FOR INSTRUMENT-TO-CONTROLLER MESSAGING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 111 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202549 ER PT J AU WAN, IY KEIFER, LA MCGRATH, JE AF WAN, IY KEIFER, LA MCGRATH, JE TI PHOSPHINE OXIDE CONTAINING POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) COPOLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 118 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301254 ER PT J AU WAN, IY MCGRATH, JE AF WAN, IY MCGRATH, JE TI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIPHENYL METHYL PHOSPHINE OXIDE CONTAINING NYLON 6,6 COPOLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 119 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301255 ER PT J AU NIAURA, G GAIGALAS, AK VILKER, VL AF NIAURA, G GAIGALAS, AK VILKER, VL TI ADSORPTION OF CYTOCHROME-C ON AU ELECTRODE MODIFIED BY THE UNDERPOTENTIALLY DEPOSITED AG ADATOMS AS STUDIED BY SERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 125 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201636 ER PT J AU MELINGER, JS THANTU, N MCMORROW, D AF MELINGER, JS THANTU, N MCMORROW, D TI GENERATION OF HIGHLY VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED MOLECULES WITH MODULATED INFRARED-LASER PULSES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 129 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300882 ER PT J AU SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE POIRIER, GE SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P AF SEMANCIK, S CAVICCHI, RE POIRIER, GE SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P TI SELECTED-AREA CVD FOR MULTIPLE ELEMENT CONDUCTOMETRIC MICROSENSORS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 130 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201641 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, KJ KULANDER, KC MIES, FH AF SCHAFER, KJ KULANDER, KC MIES, FH TI DYNAMICS OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES IN STRONG ONE AND 2 COLOR LASER FIELDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. US SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 138 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300891 ER PT J AU TARLOV, M MCKENNEY, K POIRIER, G GILLEN, G HOGAN, M POWDRILL, T AF TARLOV, M MCKENNEY, K POIRIER, G GILLEN, G HOGAN, M POWDRILL, T TI DNA-PROBE MODIFIED ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BAYLOR COLL MED,THE WOODLANDS,TX 77381. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 160 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201671 ER PT J AU VARBERG, TD TEZCAN, FA STROH, F EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM AF VARBERG, TD TEZCAN, FA STROH, F EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM TI FAR-INFRARED ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF ZNH AND ZND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MACALESTER COLL,DEPT CHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55105. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV OXFORD,PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND. RI Stroh, Fred/A-6505-2009 OI Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 207 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300960 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK AF IRIKURA, KK TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF PHOSPHORUS FLUORIDES AND THEIR CATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 246 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300999 ER PT J AU HOLT, DB FARMER, BL EBY, RK AF HOLT, DB FARMER, BL EBY, RK TI FORCE-FIELDS FOR MOLECULAR MECHANICS AND DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF FLUOROPOLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,NRC NIST POSTDOCTORAL RES ASSOC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 263 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301399 ER PT J AU MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW DEAKYNE, CA AF MEOTNER, M SIECK, LW DEAKYNE, CA TI INTERACTION ENERGIES OF ACETYLCHOLINE WITH AROMATIC AND POLAR-SOLVENT MOLECULES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CHARLESTON,IL 61920. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 265 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301018 ER PT J AU MACTURK, KS FARMER, BL EBY, RK AF MACTURK, KS FARMER, BL EBY, RK TI PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS IN PTFE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,NRC,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 280 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301416 ER PT J AU DAVIS, GT AF DAVIS, GT TI PIEZOELECTRIC AND PYUROELECTRIC POLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 285 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301811 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JP LUKEHART, CM MILNE, SB STOCK, SR WITTIG, JE JONES, BD GLOSSER, R HENDERSON, DO AF CARPENTER, JP LUKEHART, CM MILNE, SB STOCK, SR WITTIG, JE JONES, BD GLOSSER, R HENDERSON, DO TI NANOCOMPOSITES FROM MOLECULARLY DOPED SILICA XEROGELS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MAT SCI & ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT APPL & ENGN SCI,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,RICHARDSON,TX 75083. FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NASHVILLE,TN 37208. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 289 EP INOR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202888 ER PT J AU CORNELL, E AF CORNELL, E TI DEVELOPMENTS IN COOLING AND MANIPULATING ATOMS AND MORE COMPLICATED OBJECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 370 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301123 ER PT J AU MONROE, C MEEKHOF, DM KING, BE JEFFERTS, SR ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ AF MONROE, C MEEKHOF, DM KING, BE JEFFERTS, SR ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ TI COHERENT CONTROL OF THE VIBRATIONAL-STATES OF A TRAPPED ATOM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 371 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301124 ER PT J AU HANCOCK, DK ALEXANDER, P BRYAN, P ORBAN, J AF HANCOCK, DK ALEXANDER, P BRYAN, P ORBAN, J TI SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEIN-G B2 DOMAIN AT PH-5.4 SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR 2 PY 1995 SU 21B BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT865 UT WOS:A1995QT86500066 ER PT J AU PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR AF PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR TI FATIGUE IN CERAMICS WITH INTERCONNECTING WEAK INTERFACES - A STUDY USING CYCLIC HERTZIAN CONTACTS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE SOLIDS; ALUMINA; FAILURE; COMPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB The deformation and fatigue of ceramics containing a contiguous network of weak interfaces is described. Observations of damage evolution within subsurface Hertzian compression fields in silicon carbide, alumina, and a glass-ceramic with dense, weakly bound platelet structures provide an experimental basis for the description. In a contact load-unload cycle, shear faults at the platelet interfaces undergo forward and reverse sliding. In cyclic loading, individual faults show evidence of frictional degradation, and the macroscopic damage zone undergoes progressive expansion. A sliding shear fault model with load-unload-reload hysteresis is developed to explain the results. Central to the model is the incorporation of resistive sliding tractions at the sliding interfaces, with allowance for progressive frictional attrition. A case study using fatigue data from the silicon carbide serves to illustrate the viability of the model. C1 NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00384-T PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QN758 UT WOS:A1995QN75800032 ER PT J AU MURPHY, DM THOMSON, DS AF MURPHY, DM THOMSON, DS TI LASER IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROSCOPY OF SINGLE AEROSOL-PARTICLES SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; DIRECT-INLET; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; NORTH-SEA; SPECTROMETRY AB We describe an instrument that measures the chemical composition of single aerosol particles. To facilitate detection of volatile species, particles are analyzed less than 0.5 ms after leaving ambient conditions and without touching any surfaces. Particles are introduced into a vacuum through a differentially pumped nozzle, then cross a He-Ne laser beam. The scattered light provides both size information and the trigger for an excimer laser that desorbs and ionizes molecules from the particle. Mass spectra with excellent signal to noise have been obtained from laboratory and ambient particles 0.3 to 16 mu m diameter. RP MURPHY, DM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 29 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1080/02786829408959743 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU242 UT WOS:A1995QU24200001 ER PT J AU PENAMORA, F SRIRAM, RD LOGCHER, R AF PENAMORA, F SRIRAM, RD LOGCHER, R TI CONFLICT MITIGATION SYSTEM FOR COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE DESIGN RATIONALE; CHANGE MANAGEMENT; NEGOTIATION; CONFLICT ADVANCE AB Large-scale engineering projects typically involve many different types of professionals who must interact and communicate with one another. This interaction produces conflicts that need to be resolved. A framework is presented in which the rationale used in a collaborative design environment for designing an artifact is also used for conflict mitigation. The framework contains mechanisms for checking interactions and prompting hypotheses about the reasons for the interactions. These hypotheses, once verified by the designers, improve conflict resolution by assisting them in coordinating and negotiating conflicts. This, in turn, enhances communication during the design process and consequently increases productivity in the engineering industry. C1 MIT,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,INTELLIGENT ENGN SYST LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NIST,DIV MFG SYST INTEGRAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0890-0604 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 101 EP 124 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA QT498 UT WOS:A1995QT49800005 ER PT J AU HACKMAN, C SULLIVAN, DB AF HACKMAN, C SULLIVAN, DB TI RESOURCE LETTER - TFM-1 - TIME AND FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Bibliography RP HACKMAN, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD APR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 4 BP 306 EP 317 DI 10.1119/1.17961 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA QP661 UT WOS:A1995QP66100007 ER PT J AU WIEMAN, C FLOWERS, G GILBERT, S AF WIEMAN, C FLOWERS, G GILBERT, S TI INEXPENSIVE LASER COOLING AND TRAPPING EXPERIMENT FOR UNDERGRADUATE LABORATORIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-CELL; RADIATION PRESSURE; ATOMS; FORCE C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WIEMAN, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 19 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD APR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 4 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1119/1.18072 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA QP661 UT WOS:A1995QP66100008 ER PT J AU WISE, SA SCHANTZ, MM BENNER, BA HAYS, MJ SCHILLER, SB AF WISE, SA SCHANTZ, MM BENNER, BA HAYS, MJ SCHILLER, SB TI CERTIFICATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN A MARINE SEDIMENT STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; STATIONARY PHASES; LIQUID; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The certification of natural matrix environmental standard reference materials (SRMs) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is based on the agreement of results from two or more different analytical techniques. Four different analytical techniques were used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a new marine sediment reference material, SRM 1941a, Organics in Marine Sediment. These procedures were based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection, a multidimensional LC procedure, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on two stationary phases with different selectivity for the separation of PAH isomers. The results from these four approaches were in good agreement and were combined to provide certified concentrations for 23 PAHs, which represents the largest number of certified concentrations for PAHs in any natural matrix SRM. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WISE, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1178 DI 10.1021/ac00103a006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QP657 UT WOS:A1995QP65700010 ER PT J AU DUEWER, DL CURRIE, LA REEDER, DJ LEIGH, SD LIU, HK MUDD, JL AF DUEWER, DL CURRIE, LA REEDER, DJ LEIGH, SD LIU, HK MUDD, JL TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DNA PROFILING MEASUREMENTS .2. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY AND ITS PROPAGATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Identifying the intrinsic sources of measurement uncertainty greatly facilitates control and further optimization of a measurement system. Rie have developed a model which quantitatively describes the observed interlaboratory variability of autoradiographic DNA band sizing. The model focuses on optical imaging measurements of band position and the calibration techniques used to concert measured band position to reported band size. The imaging component of measurement variability is described as a 0.05-0.2% standard deviation in determining the relative location of sample and calibration bands on a given film image. While developed solely with optical imaging information, the model is consistent with interlaboratory band sizing measurement variability observed with pristine samples. This interlaboratory variability can be modeled as a 0.2-0.4% standard deviation in the relative positions of sample and calibration bands across different electrophoretic gels. Further band sizing protocol standardization among laboratories would thus be expected to achieve at best a 2-fold reduction in interlaboratory band sizing variability. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. FED BUR INVEST ACAD,CTR FORENS SCI RES & TRAINING,DIV LAB,QUANTICO,VA 22125. RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1220 EP 1231 DI 10.1021/ac00103a013 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QP657 UT WOS:A1995QP65700017 PM 7733468 ER PT J AU HARDY, RW SCOTT, TM HATFIELD, CL BARNETT, HJ GAUGLITZ, EJ WEKELL, JC EKLUND, MW AF HARDY, RW SCOTT, TM HATFIELD, CL BARNETT, HJ GAUGLITZ, EJ WEKELL, JC EKLUND, MW TI DOMOIC ACID IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) FEEDS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE DOMOIC ACID; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; FEEDING AND NUTRITION FISH ID PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS; CALIFORNIA AB Contamination of fish feeds with the toxin, domoic acid, through use of contaminated fish meal is a possibility. To test the stability of domoic acid during fish meal and fish feed manufacturing, fish meal was made from anchovies containing 43 mu g domoic acid/g wet fish using a closed vacuum dryer, resulting in fish meal containing 130 mu g domoic acid/g of meal. This product was used in place of commercial herring meal in a dry, pelleted feed, constituting 50% of the feed formulation. The feed contained 58 mu g domoic acid/g. To determine if dietary domoic acid affected the health of rainbow trout or was retained in the tissue, duplicate groups of trout, average initial weight 25 g, were fed a control diet, made with herring meal, and the domoic acid diet for 15 weeks, during which time the average weight of the trout increased to 48 g. No differences in feed consumption, weight gain, or feed efficiency ratio were observed between groups of fish fed the control or domoic acid feed. No mortality or signs of toxicity or neurological distress were observed in either dietary treatment group. Analysis of fish tissue showed no detectable concentrations of domoic acid in fillets or viscera portions of the fish when the fish were sampled after a 48-h fast. Domoic acid was present in the feces and viscera, but not in blood or muscle of the fish following an overnight fast. These results suggest that domoic acid in fish feed, when present at a concentration likely to be encountered in practical situations, is not readily absorbed by rainbow trout and does not present a health hazard to the fish or to the consumer. RP HARDY, RW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,UTILIZAT RES DIV,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00335-L PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR163 UT WOS:A1995QR16300010 ER PT J AU TESKEREDZIC, Z HIGGS, DA DOSANJH, BS MCBRIDE, JR HARDY, RW BEAMES, RM JONES, JD SIMELL, M VAARA, T BRIDGES, RB AF TESKEREDZIC, Z HIGGS, DA DOSANJH, BS MCBRIDE, JR HARDY, RW BEAMES, RM JONES, JD SIMELL, M VAARA, T BRIDGES, RB TI ASSESSMENT OF UNDEPHYTINIZED AND DEPHYTINIZED RAPESEED PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE AS SOURCES OF DIETARY-PROTEIN FOR JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE RAPESEED PROTEIN CONCENTRATE; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; FEEDING AND NUTRITION FISH; DIETARY VALUE ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CANOLA-MEAL; THYROID-GLAND; TSHAWYTSCHA; GROWTH; DIGESTIBILITY; REQUIREMENTS; CORTISOL; SYSTEMS; CALCIUM AB This study was undertaken to evaluate three sources of rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) as partial or total replacements of steam-dried whole herring meal (HM) in a practical diet for juvenile rainbow trout. Groups of 4.2-4.4 g trout held in 10,0-10.3 degrees C well water on a natural photoperiod were fed one of 10 isonitrogenous (43% protein) and isoenegetic (21.6 MJ gross energy/kg) diets to satiation 3 times daily. Each of three test protein sources, viz. undephytinized, untreated control RPC (UDC), undephytinized solvent-treated control RPC (UDSC), and dephytinized RPC (DP), comprised about 19.0, 39.0 and 59.0% respectively of dietary protein by replacement of one-third (L), two-thirds (M) and all (H) of the HM protein in the control diet. Rainbow trout growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein and gross energy utilization, mortality and health were not compromised when either UDC or DP replaced up to 66% of HM protein in the control diet. Total replacement of HM protein with each of the RPC sources did not depress feed intake, but did significantly reduce growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein and energy utilization. The procedure used to dephytinize RPC lowered RPC protein quality. Whole body concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were inversely related to the dietary levels of UDC and UDSC. Body levels of zinc were significantly depressed in fish fed the diet with UDSC-H. Fish fed diets with DP displayed normal mineral levels. Significant elevation of thyroid follicle epithelial cell, heights was found only in those groups fed the diets with UDC-H or UDSC-H. Whole body proximate composition was generally uninfluenced by diet treatment. It is concluded that RPC can comprise 39% of the dietary protein (fish meal only 11%) for rainbow trout without adversely affecting performance. Nutritional strategies that may enable complete replacement of fish meal protein in diets for rainbow trout by RPC are outlined. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,W VANCOUVER LAB,W VANCOUVER,BC V7V 1N6,CANADA. RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,CTR MARINE RES,ZAGREB LAB AQUACULTURE,ZAGREB 4100,CROATIA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 2A2,CANADA. ALKO LTD,PROC & PROD DEV,SF-05200 RAJAMAKI,FINLAND. NR 47 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00334-K PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR163 UT WOS:A1995QR16300011 ER PT J AU HOLWEGER, H KOCK, M BARD, A AF HOLWEGER, H KOCK, M BARD, A TI ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE SOLAR IRON ABUNDANCE USING FE-I LINES - COMMENTS ON A PAPER BY BLACKWELL,D.E. ET-AL AND PRESENTATION OF NEW RESULTS FOR WEAK LINES SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SUN, ABUNDANCES; ATOMIC DATA ID PURE ROTATION SPECTRUM; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; OXYGEN ABUNDANCE; SUN; LIFETIMES; HYDROGEN; CALCIUM; STARS AB We examine the critical remarks by Blackwell, Lynas-Gray and Smith(1995; AandA, this issue). Points discussed in detail include equivalent widths, oscillator strengths, microturbulence, damping, and models of the solar photosphere. In addition, we present new results based on the Fe I oscillator strengths of Bard and Kock (1994). The sample of weak solar lines, which are the most reliable abundance indicators, is greatly increased. The result is fully consistent with our earlier determinations based on lines of Fe I and Fe II. C1 UNIV HANNOVER, INST PLASMAPHYS, D-30167 HANNOVER, GERMANY. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP HOLWEGER, H (reprint author), CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL, INST THEORET PHYS & STERNWARTE, D-24098 KIEL, GERMANY. NR 42 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 1995 VL 296 IS 1 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QR541 UT WOS:A1995QR54100028 ER PT J AU KORISTA, KT ALLOIN, D BARR, P CLAVEL, J COHEN, RD CRENSHAW, DM EVANS, IN HORNE, K KORATKAR, AP KRISS, GA KROLIK, JH MALKAN, MA MORRIS, SL NETZER, H OBRIEN, PT PETERSON, BM REICHERT, GA RODRIGUEZPASCUAL, PM WAMSTEKER, W ANDERSON, KSJ AXON, DJ BENITEZ, E BERLIND, P BERTRAM, R BLACKWELL, JH BOCHKAREV, NG BOISSON, C CARINI, M CARRILLO, R CARONE, TE CHENG, FZ CHRISTENSEN, JA CHUVAEV, KK DIETRICH, M DOKTER, JJ DOROSHENKO, V DULTZINHACYAN, D ENGLAND, MN ESPEY, BR FILIPPENKO, AV GASKELL, CM GOAD, MR HO, LC HUCHRA, JP JIANG, XJ KASPI, S KOLLATSCHNY, W LAOR, A LUMINET, JP MACALPINE, GM MACKENTY, JW MALKOV, YF MAOZ, D MARTIN, PG MATHESON, T MCCOLLUM, B MERKULOVA, N METIK, L MIGNOLI, M MILLER, HR PASTORIZA, MG PELAT, D PENFOLD, J PEREZ, M PEROLA, GC PERSAUD, JL PETERS, J PITTS, R POGGE, RW PRONIK, I PRONIK, VI PTAK, RL RAWLEY, L RECONDOGONZALEZ, MC RODRIGUEZESPINOSA, JM ROMANISHIN, W SADUN, AC SALAMANCA, I SANTOSLLEO, M SEKIGUCHI, K SERGEEV, SG SHAPOVALOVA, AI SHIELDS, JC SHRADER, C SHULL, JM SILBERMANN, NA SITKO, ML SKILLMAN, DR SMITH, HA SMITH, SM SNIJDERS, MAJ SPARKE, LS STIRPE, GM STONER, RE SUN, WH THIELE, U TOKARZ, S TSVETANOV, ZI TURNSHEK, DA VEILLEUX, S WAGNER, RM WAGNER, SJ WANDERS, I WANG, T WELSH, WF WEYMANN, RJ WHITE, RJ WILKES, BJ WILLS, BJ WINGE, C WU, H ZOU, ZL AF KORISTA, KT ALLOIN, D BARR, P CLAVEL, J COHEN, RD CRENSHAW, DM EVANS, IN HORNE, K KORATKAR, AP KRISS, GA KROLIK, JH MALKAN, MA MORRIS, SL NETZER, H OBRIEN, PT PETERSON, BM REICHERT, GA RODRIGUEZPASCUAL, PM WAMSTEKER, W ANDERSON, KSJ AXON, DJ BENITEZ, E BERLIND, P BERTRAM, R BLACKWELL, JH BOCHKAREV, NG BOISSON, C CARINI, M CARRILLO, R CARONE, TE CHENG, FZ CHRISTENSEN, JA CHUVAEV, KK DIETRICH, M DOKTER, JJ DOROSHENKO, V DULTZINHACYAN, D ENGLAND, MN ESPEY, BR FILIPPENKO, AV GASKELL, CM GOAD, MR HO, LC HUCHRA, JP JIANG, XJ KASPI, S KOLLATSCHNY, W LAOR, A LUMINET, JP MACALPINE, GM MACKENTY, JW MALKOV, YF MAOZ, D MARTIN, PG MATHESON, T MCCOLLUM, B MERKULOVA, N METIK, L MIGNOLI, M MILLER, HR PASTORIZA, MG PELAT, D PENFOLD, J PEREZ, M PEROLA, GC PERSAUD, JL PETERS, J PITTS, R POGGE, RW PRONIK, I PRONIK, VI PTAK, RL RAWLEY, L RECONDOGONZALEZ, MC RODRIGUEZESPINOSA, JM ROMANISHIN, W SADUN, AC SALAMANCA, I SANTOSLLEO, M SEKIGUCHI, K SERGEEV, SG SHAPOVALOVA, AI SHIELDS, JC SHRADER, C SHULL, JM SILBERMANN, NA SITKO, ML SKILLMAN, DR SMITH, HA SMITH, SM SNIJDERS, MAJ SPARKE, LS STIRPE, GM STONER, RE SUN, WH THIELE, U TOKARZ, S TSVETANOV, ZI TURNSHEK, DA VEILLEUX, S WAGNER, RM WAGNER, SJ WANDERS, I WANG, T WELSH, WF WEYMANN, RJ WHITE, RJ WILKES, BJ WILLS, BJ WINGE, C WU, H ZOU, ZL TI STEPS TOWARD DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE BROAD-LINE REGION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI .8. AN INTENSIVE HST, IUE, AND GROUND-BASED STUDY OF NGC-5548 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, INDIVIDUAL(NGC 5548); GALAXIES, NUCLEI GALAXIES, PHOTOMETRY; GALAXIES, SEYFERT; ULTRAVIOLET, GALAXIES ID SEYFERT-GALAXY NGC-5548; OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; EMISSION; VARIABILITY; GEOMETRY; QUASARS AB We present the data and initial results from a combined HST/IUE/ground-based spectroscopic monitoring campaign on the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 that was undertaken in order to address questions that require both higher temporal resolution and higher signal-to-noise ratios than were obtained in our previous multiwavelength monitoring of this galaxy in 1988-1989. IUE spectra were obtained once every 2 days for a period of 74 days beginning on 1993 March 14. During the last 39 days of this campaign, spectroscopic observations were also made with the HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) on a daily basis. Ground-based observations, consisting of 165 optical spectra and 77 photometric observations(both CCD imaging and aperture photometry), are reported for the period 1992 October-1993 September, although many of the data are concentrated around the time of the satellite-based program. These data constitute a fifth year of intensive optical monitoring of this galaxy. In this contribution we describe the acquisition and reduction of all of the satellite and ground-based data obtained in this program. We describe in detail various photometric problems with the FOS and explain how we identified and corrected for various anomalies. During the HST portion of the monitoring campaign, the 1350 Angstrom continuum flux is found to have varied by nearly a factor of 2. In other wave bands, the continuum shows nearly identical behavior, except that the amplitude of variability is larger at shorter wavelengths, and the continuum light curves appear to show more short-timescale variability at shorter wavelengths. The broad emission lines also vary in flux, with amplitudes that are slightly smaller than the UV continuum variations and with a small time delay relative to the UV continuum. On the basis of simple time-series analysis of the UV and optical continuum and emission-line light curves, we find (1)that the ultraviolet and optical continuum variations are virtually simultaneous, with any lag between the 1350 Angstrom continuum and the 5100 Angstrom continuum amounting to less than about 1 day; (2)that the variations in the highest ionization lines observed, He II lambda 1640 and N V lambda 1240, lag behind the continuum variations by somewhat less than 2 days; and (3) that the velocity held of the C IV-emitting region is not dominated by radial motion. The results on the C Iv velocity held are preliminary and quite uncertain, but there are some weak indications that the emission-line wings(\Delta upsilon\ greater than or equal to 3000 km s(-1)) respond to continuum variations slightly more rapidly than does the core. The optical observations show that the variations in the broad H beta line flux follow the continuum variations with a time lag of around 2 weeks, about twice the lag for Ly alpha and C Iv, as in our previous monitoring campaign on this same galaxy. However, the lags measured for Ly alpha, C Iv, and H beta are each slightly smaller than previous determinations. We confirm two trends reported earlier, namely, (1) that the UV/optical continuum becomes ''harder'' as it gets brighter and (2) that the highest ionization emission lines have the shortest lags, thus indicating radial ionization stratification of a broad-line region that spans over an order of magnitude range in radius. C1 SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. OBSERV PARIS, CNRS, URA 173, F-92195 MEUDON, FRANCE. EUROPEAN SPACE TECHNOL CTR, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, DIV ASTROPHYS, ISO OBSERV, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, COMP SCI CORP, ASTRON PROGRAM, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, STERREKUNDIG INST, 3508 TA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT ASTRON, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV, VICTORIA, BC V8X 4M6, CANADA. TEL AVIV UNIV, SCH PHYS & ASTRON, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. TEL AVIV UNIV, WISE OBSERV, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. UNIV OXFORD, DEPT ASTROPHYS, OXFORD OX1 3RH, ENGLAND. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, IUE OBSERV, E-28080 MADRID, SPAIN. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 USA. UNIV MANCHESTER, NUFFIELD RADIO ASTRON LABS, MACCLESFIELD SK11 9DL, CHESHIRE, ENGLAND. EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST ASTRON, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, STERNBERG ASTRON INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, SPACE SCI LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LOWELL OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, CTR ASTROPHYS, HEFEI, PEOPLES R CHINA. CRIMEAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, NAUCHNYI 334413, UKRAINE. UNIV STERNWARTE GOTTINGEN, D-37083 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY. LANDESSTERNWARTE KONIGSTUHL, D-69117 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ASTRON, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UCL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. CHINESE ACAD SCI, BEIJING ASTRON OBSERV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA. CALTECH, DEPT ASTRON, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT ASTRON, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV TORONTO, CANADIAN INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, TORONTO, ON M5S 1A1, CANADA. OSSERV ASTRON BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. GEORGIA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL, INST FIS, DEPT ASTRON, BR-91500 PORTO ALEGRE, RS, BRAZIL. UNIV CALGARY, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CALGARY, AB T2N 1N4, CANADA. MT ROYAL COLL, DEPT MATH PHYS & ENGN, CALGARY, AB T3E 6K6, CANADA. UNIV ROME, IST ASTRON, I-00161 ROME, ITALY. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43403 USA. INST ASTROFIS CANARIAS, E-38200 LA LAGUNA, SPAIN. UNIV OKLAHOMA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, NORMAN, OK 73019 USA. AGNES SCOTT COLL, BRADLEY OBSERV, DECATUR, GA 30030 USA. AGNES SCOTT COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, DECATUR, GA 30030 USA. S AFRICAN ASTRON OBSERV, CAPE TOWN 7935, SOUTH AFRICA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, SPECIAL ASTROPHYS OBSERV, NIZHNI ARKHYZ 357140, RUSSIA. UNIV ARIZONA, STEWARD OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GRO SCI SUPPORT CTR, COMP SCI CORP, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT PHYS, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. CTR BASEMENT ASTROPHYS, LAUREL, MD 20723 USA. IRAM, F-38046 ST MARTIN DHERES, FRANCE. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ASTRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NATL CENT UNIV, INST ASTRON, CHUNGLI 32054, TAIWAN. MAX PLANCK INST ASTRON, KONIGSTUHL, D-69117 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV PITTSBURGH, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV, NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85726 USA. ASTRON OBSERV, S-75120 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. UNIV KEELE, DEPT PHYS, KEELE ST5 5BG, STAFFS, ENGLAND. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV, PASADENA, CA 91101 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MCDONALD OBSERV, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. UNIV TEXAS, DEPT ASTRON, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. RI Morris, Simon/G-7981-2011; 王, 挺贵/B-8293-2013; Skillman, David/C-8995-2013; Recondo, Carmen/B-1215-2012; Stirpe, Giovanna/O-9393-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; OI Morris, Simon/0000-0003-4866-110X; Recondo, Carmen/0000-0001-9813-6798; Stirpe, Giovanna/0000-0002-3702-8731; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Espey, Brian/0000-0002-2457-1380; Gaskell, C/0000-0003-4888-2009; SUN, WEI-HSIN/0000-0002-7474-8658 NR 47 TC 229 Z9 229 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 1995 VL 97 IS 2 BP 285 EP 330 DI 10.1086/192144 PG 46 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QN780 UT WOS:A1995QN78000004 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, B LUKASHEV, EP AF ROBERTSON, B LUKASHEV, EP TI RAPID PH CHANGE DUE TO BACTERIORHODOPSIN MEASURED WITH A TIN-OXIDE ELECTRODE SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; INTERNAL PROTON DONOR; PURPLE-MEMBRANE; ASPARTIC ACID-96; M-INTERMEDIATE; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; PHOTOCYCLE; MECHANISM; RELEASE; PUMP AB The photocurrent transient generated by bacteriorhodopsin (bR) on a tin-oxide electrode is due to pH change and not to charge displacement as previously assumed. Films of either randomly oriented or highly oriented purple membranes were deposited on transparent electrodes made of tin-oxide-coated glass. The membranes contained either wild-type or D96N-mutant bR. When excited with yellow light through the glass, the bR pumps protons across the membrane. The result is a rapid local pH change as well as a charge displacement. Experiments with these films show that it is the pH change rather than the displacement that produces the current transient. The calibration for the transient pH measurement is given. The sensitivity of a tin-oxide electrode to a transient pH change is very much larger than its sensitivity to a steady-state pH change. RP NIST, DIV BIOTECHNOL, A353 CHEM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 14 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1517 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA RD163 UT WOS:A1995RD16300028 PM 7787036 ER PT J AU SANDERS, F DOSWELL, CA AF SANDERS, F DOSWELL, CA TI A CASE FOR DETAILED SURFACE-ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; DRYLINE; FRONTOGENESIS; CIRCULATIONS; SYSTEMS; STORMS; LAYER; AIR AB Detailed analysis of the temperature and moisture fields based on routine hourly surface observations in North America can provide a rational basis for surface feature analysis, thus clarifying the present confusion. Recognition of surface features is an important part of weather forecasting and is especially needed in a careful diagnosis for the prospects of deep convection. Surface temperature gradients are advocated as the primary basis for identifying fronts; examples are given of gross discrepancies in current operational practice between the surf ace temperature fields acid the associated frontal analyses. Surface potential temperature, selected as a means of compensating for elevation differences, is analyzed in the western United States for a period in which a strong, damaging cold front develops and dissipates over a period of less than 24 h. Frontogenesis-related calculations, based on detailed surface temperature analyses, help to explain a case of focusing of heavy precipitation in northern Kentucky that produced a flash flood. Conditions for the initiation of intense convection are illustrated by detailed analyses of the surface moisture acid temperature fields. These are used to estimate the buoyancy of surface air lifted to midtroposphere and show the relationship of this buoyancy to ensuing convection. The analyses aid in recognition of the surface dryline (a feature commonly misanalyzed as a cold front) and those convectively produced pools of cold air at the surface that often play a major role in the subsequent redevelopment of convection. The proposed analyses might be difficult to achieve manually in operational practice during busy weather situations, but this could be facilitated by using objective methods with present and prospective workstations. Once surf ace features are identified, their temporal and spatial evolution must be followed carefully since they can change rapidly. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 4 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0505:ACFDSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV757 UT WOS:A1995QV75700003 ER PT J AU WOLFE, D WEBER, B WUERTZ, D WELSH, D MERRITT, D KING, S FRITZ, R MORAN, K SIMON, M SIMON, A COGAN, J LITTELL, D MEASURE, E AF WOLFE, D WEBER, B WUERTZ, D WELSH, D MERRITT, D KING, S FRITZ, R MORAN, K SIMON, M SIMON, A COGAN, J LITTELL, D MEASURE, E TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE MOBILE PROFILER SYSTEM - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM FIELD-TESTS DURING THE LOS-ANGELES FREE-RADICAL STUDY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; WIND PROFILER; TEMPERATURE AB The System Demonstration and Integration Division of the Environmental Technology Laboratory and the Battlefield Environment Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have designed and built the Mobile Profiler System (MPS). The MPS is an integrated system of ground-based and satellite-borne remote sensors that measure nearly continuous wind and temperature profiles from the surface up through the troposphere. Ground-based sensors include a 924-MHz phased-array wind and temperature profiler, a four-channel microwave radiometer, a surf ace meteorological tower, and a balloon sounding system. Although MPS was initially developed for military applications, the nonmilitary environmental applications are numerous and significant. This paper provides an overview of the instrumentation, software networking, data processing, data integration, and near real-time data display capabilities currently incorporated into the MPS. initial results from the first field tests (Los Angeles Free-Radical Study, 3-24 September 1993) demonstrate the ability of MPS to observe the complex meteorological structures associated with high-pollution events within the Los Angeles Basin. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO. USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM. RP WOLFE, D (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,DIV SYST DEMONSTRAT & INTEGRAT,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 4 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0523:AOOTMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV757 UT WOS:A1995QV75700004 ER PT J AU ILLINGWORTH, AJ ZRNIC, D HILDEBRAND, PH AF ILLINGWORTH, AJ ZRNIC, D HILDEBRAND, PH TI WORKSHOP ON WEATHER RADAR POLARIMETRY FOR RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB A workshop on weather radar polarimetry for research and operational applications was held on 22 and 23 February 1994 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Polarization radar can provide estimates of the shapes, sizes, phase, and fall orientations of hydrometeors. This information can be used to remove some of the ambiguities present when only the reflectivity is measured. The morning of 22 February was devoted to 16 short presentations highlighting recent advances in polarimetric radar. The afternoon was dedicated to four discussion sessions that further developed important topics. On the following day, plans for the upgrading and development of the existing NCAR polarization radar capability were presented and debated. The workshop resulted in four recommendations: three of which proposed specific field measurement programs to quantify the potential improvements provided by the polarization techniques. C1 UNIV READING,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE WEATHER STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 4 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV757 UT WOS:A1995QV75700007 ER PT J AU WATTS, C ANDERSON, D KADEC, S AF WATTS, C ANDERSON, D KADEC, S TI ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION - SNAPSHOTS THROUGH TIME SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP WATTS, C (reprint author), NOAA,CENT LIB,DIV LIB & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INFORM SCI MEMBER #110113 PI SILVER SPRING PA 8720 GEORGIA AVE SUITE 501, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0095-4403 J9 B AM SOC INFORM INF JI Bull. Amer. Soc. Inf. Sci. PD APR-MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA RZ964 UT WOS:A1995RZ96400001 ER PT J AU GAIGALAS, AK REIPA, V HUBBARD, JB EDWARDS, J DOUGLAS, J AF GAIGALAS, AK REIPA, V HUBBARD, JB EDWARDS, J DOUGLAS, J TI A NONPERTURBATIVE RELATION BETWEEN THE MUTUAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT, SUSPENSION VISCOSITY, AND OSMOTIC COMPRESSIBILITY - APPLICATION TO CONCENTRATED PROTEIN SOLUTIONS SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; FINITE-CONCENTRATIONS; BROWNIAN DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; SEDIMENTATION; PURIFICATION; DISPERSIONS AB We test a proposed relation between mutual diffusion coefficient and viscosity in suspensions which is essentially identical to a dynamic mode-coupling theory of diffusion in binary fluid mixtures near a critical mixing point. In contrast to conventional treatments of suspension hydrodynamics, this relation is non-perturbative in the sense that it is not necessary to assume that the volume fraction of suspended particles is a small parameter. In order to apply this theory to protein solutions, we measured the mutual diffusion coefficient of several globular proteins in aqueous solutions containing 2% ampholyte and protein up to 40% by weight. The viscosity was also measured in aqueous solutions of up to 30% protein by weight. The mutual diffusion coefficient was then related to the viscosity and osmotic compressibility of the concentrated suspension relative to the infinite dilution limit. We conclude that this non-perturbative relation provides a convenient estimate of protein diffusion coefficients as a function of protein concentration. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GAIGALAS, AK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/0009-2509(94)00465-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QQ744 UT WOS:A1995QQ74400004 ER PT J AU DESBONNET, A LEE, V POGUE, P REIS, D BOYD, J WILLIS, J IMPERIAL, M AF DESBONNET, A LEE, V POGUE, P REIS, D BOYD, J WILLIS, J IMPERIAL, M TI DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL VEGETATED BUFFER PROGRAMS SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT; HABITAT PROTECTION; RESIDENTIAL LAND USE; VEGETATED BUFFER; WATER QUALITY AB This article describes a multiple benefit/multiple use approach to implementing vegetated buffers, using as an example a program adopted by the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Program. The multiple benefit/multiple use approach capitalizes on the inherent ability of vegetated buffers to perform multiple functions, such as pollutant removal, habitat protection, scenic improvement, erosion control, and historic/archaeological site presentation. These benefits provide a more robust means for justifying vegetated buffer implementation, and should help develop a broader constituency for the adoption of vegetated buffer policies. Application of vegetated buffers for residential and other developing lands has not been adequately addressed in existing vegetated buffer implementation efforts. We present one solution to implementing vegetated buffers on residential and developing lands. The approach and background information should prove useful for the application of vegetated buffers outside of coastal regions, and promotes a move holistic and integrated view of management practices as well as the concept of management for sustainable ecosystems. RP DESBONNET, A (reprint author), NOAA,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,CTR COASTAL RESOURCES,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 91 EP 109 DI 10.1080/08920759509362259 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD949 UT WOS:A1995RD94900001 ER PT J AU EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J VEISHLOW, A AF EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J VEISHLOW, A TI SEA-TURTLES IN NORTH-CAROLINA WATERS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; FLORIDA AB Until the turn of the century the inshore waters of North Carolina harbored populations of sea turtles large enough to support a commercial fishery. Based on a 4- to 5-year record of sighting reports by the public, interviews of recreational fishermen, and records kept by commercial fishermen the waters continue to provide important developmental habitats for loggerhead, green, and Kemp's ridley sea turtles. Leatherback and hawksbill sea turtles infrequently entered the inshore waters. Reports from the public and commercial fishermen indicated that sea turtles were present offshore North Carolina all year and were present in inshore waters April through December. Sea turtles were encountered most frequently in the Atlantic Ocean, but seasonal encounters in some inshore waters, such as Core and Pamlico Sounds, often were greater. In early May large numbers of leatherbacks were sighted in the ocean and moved northward along the beach. Reported sightings of leatherbacks declined markedly by late June. Based on incidental captures by commercial fishermen loggerhead turtles were the most numerous species in Pamlico and Core Sounds (80%), followed by green (15%) and Kemp's ridley sea turtles (5%). Most captured turtles were immature, and all were released alive. The abundance of immature sea turtles in North Carolina inshore waters serves to emphasize that southeast U.S. estuaries are important habitats for these threatened and endangered species. This recognition supported the decision of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service to extend the requirement for turtle excluder devices in shrimp trawls to inshore areas during the entire year, full implementation of these requirements was achieved by December 1994. RP EPPERLY, SP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 50 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 384 EP 394 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020384.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QR367 UT WOS:A1995QR36700030 ER PT J AU DEMER, DA HEWITT, RP AF DEMER, DA HEWITT, RP TI BIAS IN ACOUSTIC BIOMASS ESTIMATES OF EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA DUE TO DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC KRILL; BACKSCATTERING STRENGTH; ABUNDANCE; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; DANA AB The diel vertical migration (DVM) of Antarctic krill (Enphausia superba) can greatly bias the results of qualitative and quantitative hydroacoustic surveys which are conducted with a down-looking sonar and irrespective of the time of day. To demonstrate and quantify these negative biases on both the estimates of biomass distribution and abundance, a time-depth-density analysis was performed. Data were collected, as part of the United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program (AMLR), in the vicinities of Elephant Island, Antarctica, during the austral summers of 1992 and 1993. Five surveys were conducted in 1992; two covered a 105 by 105 n.mi. area centered on Elephant Island, two encompassed a 60 by 35 n.mi. area immediately to the north of the Island, and one covered a 1 n.mi.(2) area centered on a large krill swarm to the west of Seal Island. The 1993 data include repetitions of the two small-area and two large-area surveys. Average krill volume densities were calculated for each hour as well as for three daily periods: day, twilight and night. These data were normalized and presented as a probability of daily average density. With spectral analysis to identify the frequencies of migration, a four-term periodic function was fitted to the probability density function of average daily biomass versus local apparent time. This function was transformed to create a temporal compensation function (TCF) for upwardly adjusting acoustic biomass estimates. The TCF was then applied to the original 1992 survey data; the resulting biomass estimates are an average of 49.5% higher than those calculated disregarding biases due to diel vertical migration. The effect of DVM on the estimates of krill distribution are illustrated by a comparison of compensated and uncompensated density maps of two 1992 surveys. Through this technique, high density krill areas are revealed where uncompensated maps indicated low densities. C1 SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP DEMER, DA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 29 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 455 EP 475 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(94)E0005-C PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RG456 UT WOS:A1995RG45600003 ER PT J AU TOGGWEILER, JR SAMUELS, B AF TOGGWEILER, JR SAMUELS, B TI EFFECT OF DRAKE PASSAGE ON THE GLOBAL THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE WATER MASSES; WORLD OCEAN; WIND STRESS; MODEL; RADIOCARBON; VENTILATION; EXCHANGE AB The Ekman divergence around Antarctica raises a large amount of deep water to the ocean's Surface. The regional Ekman transport moves the upwelled deep water northward out of the circumpolar zone. The divergence and northward surface drift combine, in effect, to remove deep water from the interior of the ocean. This wind-driven removal process is facilitated by a unique dynamic constraint operating in the latitude band containing Drake Passage. Through a simple model sensitivity experiment we show that the upwelling and removal of deep water in the circumpolar belt may be quantitatively related to the formation of new deep water in the northern North Atlantic. These results show that stronger winds in the south can induce more deep water formation in the north and more deep outflow through the South Atlantic. The fact that winds in the southern hemisphere might influence the formation of deep water in the North Atlantic brings into question long-standing notions about the forces that drive the ocean's thermohaline circulation. RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 38 TC 302 Z9 308 U1 3 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 477 EP 500 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00012-U PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA RG456 UT WOS:A1995RG45600004 ER PT J AU WISE, SA KOSTER, BJ AF WISE, SA KOSTER, BJ TI CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIMEN BANK - EXPERIENCES OF THE NATIONAL BIOMONITORING SPECIMEN BANK PROGRAM SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE CRYOGENIC STORAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMAN LIVER; INORGANIC ANALYSIS; MARINE MAMMAL TISSUES; ORGANIC ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING; SPECIMEN BANKING AB Since 1979 the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been involved in environmental specimen banking activities as part of the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB). These activities have focused on the development of procedures for the collection, processing, analysis, and long-term storage of a variety of environmental specimens including. human liver, mussels and oysters, fish tissue (liver and muscle), marine mammal tissues (blubber, liver, and kidney), and marine sediments. The experiences of the NBSB can provide valuable information to assist in the design of new specimen bank efforts. Based on the experiences of the NBSB, the issues that should be addressed in the design and operation of a valid specimen bank program are presented. RP WISE, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.2307/3432562 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700009 PM 7635114 ER PT J AU AHRENHOLZ, DW FITZHUGH, GR RICE, JA NIXON, SW PRITCHARD, WC AF AHRENHOLZ, DW FITZHUGH, GR RICE, JA NIXON, SW PRITCHARD, WC TI CONFIDENCE OF OTOLITH AGING THROUGH THE JUVENILE STAGE FOR ATLANTIC MENHADEN, BREVOORTIA-TRYRANNUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISH; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; INCREMENTS; SIZE AB The periodicity of increment formation and our ability to enumerate increments in sagittal otoliths of Atlantic menhaden are evaluated from hatching through a nine-month period. We studied otoliths from one group of field-collected larvae that was marked by immersion in oxytetracycline (OTC) and from a second group that was marked by immersion in alizarin complexone (ALC). Additionally, otoliths from known-age juveniles resulting from an Atlantic menhaden laboratory spawning and rearing experiment were examined. We determined that, on the average, larval and juvenile Atlantic menhaden form one growth increment per day. We were able to age juvenile menhaden reliably up to 200 days old within a confidence interval (CI) of about 7 days and up to 250 days old within a CI of about 16 days. We hypothesized that growth rates may have impacted the periodicity of increment formation, as well as our ability to count them accurately. The statistically stronogest results were obtained from the ALC-marked fish, which were reared outdoors and displayed growth rates (0.67 to 0.95 mm . day(-1)) similar to higher rates observed for juveniles captured from estuarine nursery areas. The periodicity of increment counts for the ALC-marked fish was less than one per day when growth rates were observed to be less than 0.3 mm . day(-1). Increments in otoliths from the known-age and OTC-marked fish, which were reared indoors, had lower contrast than their outdoor-reared counterparts. Otoliths were sectioned for enumeration on both a transverse and oblique-transverse plane. With minor exception, no differences in age estimation could be attributed to the orientation of the sections. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP AHRENHOLZ, DW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200001 ER PT J AU DOYLE, MJ RUGEN, WC BRODEUR, RD AF DOYLE, MJ RUGEN, WC BRODEUR, RD TI NEUSTONIC ICHTHYOPLANKTON IN THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA DURING SPRING SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SHELIKOF STRAIT; TRANSPORT; FISH; BAY AB Species diversity and abundance of fish eggs in shelf waters of the western Gulf of Alaska were similar in both surface neuston net tows and subsurface bongo net tows, but a unique group of fish larvae appear to be associated with the neuston in this region. The dominance of larvae of an osmerid, several hexagrammids, cottids, bathymasterids, Anoplopoma fimbria, Cryptacanthodes aleutensis, and Ammodytes hexapterus in this group resembles the neustonic assemblage of fish larvae found in the California Current region along the U.S. west coast and most of these taxa are considered obligate members of the neuston. Several taxa, however, appear to be abundant in the neuston only at night suggesting a facultative association with the neuston through a diel pattern of vertical migration. The facultative association of certain species of larvae with the neuston varies with larval size. The distribution patterns observed for most taxa of fish larvae in the neuston during this study suggest that during spring, spawning and emergence of larvae into the plankton and subsequently into the neuston take place mainly around Kodiak Island (except along the seaward side) and along the Alaska Peninsula to the southwest. Analysis of multispecies spatial patterns using recurrent group analysis and numerical classification did not reveal the existence of more than one neustonic assemblage of fish larvae in the study area. Apart from perhaps Pleurogrammus monopterygius larvae, which are known to occur throughout the Gulf of Alaska, and to a lesser extent A, fimbria and Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus, members of this neustonic assemblage of larvae are not commonly found in the oceanic zone. The ecological significance of a neustonic existence for larvae of fish that are primarily demersal spawners in the Gulf of Alaska is considered to be trophic in nature. Neustonic fish larvae seem to be able to exploit to their advantage the unique feeding conditions which exist at the sea surface. RP DOYLE, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 231 EP 253 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200003 ER PT J AU EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J CHESTER, AJ AF EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J CHESTER, AJ TI AERIAL SURVEYS FOR SEA-TURTLES IN NORTH-CAROLINA INSHORE WATERS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Aerial surveys for sea turtles conducted in Core Sound and Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, 1989-91, indicated a spring immigration by the turtles into these sounds and a summertime dispersal followed by emigration in the late fall and early winter. Estimates of density in Core Sound were greater than estimates for Pamlico Sound. Core Sound density estimates were comparable to those reported for the lower Chesapeake Bay and those reported from offshore pelagic surveys in the region. The data were analysed by strip- and line-transect methods, and the choice of analysis did not influence the overall conclusions. The abundance of sea turtles in the inshore waters of the Atlantic Coast at densities at least as great as in the ocean indicates the importance of these estuarine habitats for the foraging and development of immature turtles. RP EPPERLY, SP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200004 ER PT J AU FELLEY, JD VECCHIONE, M AF FELLEY, JD VECCHIONE, M TI ASSESSING HABITAT USE BY NEKTON ON THE CONTINENTAL-SLOPE USING ARCHIVED VIDEOTAPES FROM SUBMERSIBLES SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EPIBENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NEW-ENGLAND; NEWFOUNDLAND; BENTHOS; CAROLINA; ECOLOGY; FISHES; PISCES AB Videotapes of the sea floor were taken from a submersible during dives at two areas on the continental slope off Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, in September 1989. We counted demersal nekton, epifauna, and environmental features for 1-minute intervals from video transects. Common morphospecies of demersal nekton were identified, and multivariate analyses were performed to find environmental features that related to habitat use by these forms. In both areas, the ocean floor was extensively sculptured with holes and mounds, and both small and large sea anemones were commonly observed. Crinoids were seen in Cape Hatteras dives. Small sea anemones were much more abundant off Cape Hatteras, whereas holes and mounds were more densely distributed off Cape Lookout. Rattails, hake, and sergestid shrimp were common at both locations. Eels were extremely abundant at the Cape Lookout site, whereas eelpouts, flounder, and lizardfish were found only at the Cape Hatteras location. At both locations, analyses of nekton habitat choices showed that habitat selection was related to density of the holes and mounds made by infauna and to density of the epifauna, such as crinoids and the different types of anemones. Hake, squid, sergestid shrimp, and lizardfish showed the strongest evidence of habitat selection. Analysis of videotapes, originally recorded for other purposes, is a cost-effective means for preliminary examination of the problems that may only be addressed by in situ observations. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP FELLEY, JD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,OFF INFORMAT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,ROOM 2310,A&I BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 262 EP 273 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200005 ER PT J AU HELSER, TE HAYES, DB AF HELSER, TE HAYES, DB TI PROVIDING QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT ADVICE FROM STOCK ABUNDANCE INDEXES BASED ON RESEARCH SURVEYS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRAWL SURVEYS AB Index-based assessments, in which research survey indices serve as the primary source of abundance information, are used for many commercially harvested stocks in the Northeast region. Such assessments generally provide advice only on trends in the relative size of the stock, lack a biological reference point or level, and lack a decision framework for drawing statistical inferences about the state of the resource. We present a stochastic simulation technique for inferring population status relative to an index-based reference point. We applied an integrated moving average model to trawl data on Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, to derive fitted indices and propose using the lower quartile (25th percentile) of the fitted indices as a reference point. From bootstrapping techniques applied to model residual errors we empirically characterized the variance and shape of the parent distributions of both a fitted abundance index at any point in time and the lower quartile. Treating these distributions as jointly continuous random variates, we generated the cumulative density function for the condition Pr(index < lower quartile). Thus, for any value of the lower quartile, we can determine the probability that the fitted index at any point in time lies below that value of the biological reference point. An examination of the joint cumulative probability satisfying this condition is important because it allows us to ascertain quantitatively the likelihood of correctly deciding whether such a stock is below a prescribed threshold level. RP HELSER, TE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200007 ER PT J AU NORTON, EC MACFARLANE, RB AF NORTON, EC MACFARLANE, RB TI NUTRITIONAL DYNAMICS OF REPRODUCTION IN VIVIPAROUS YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH, SEBASTES FLAVIDUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; PROXIMATE BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY CONTENT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEASONAL-CHANGES; GENUS SEBASTES; SOMATIC GROWTH; ESOX-LUCIUS; EGG SIZE; STARVATION AB Nutritional dynamics of yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, were analyzed from the perspective of temporal changes in tissue composition of liver, muscle, mesentery, and gonad to determine aspects specific to female reproduction. Monthly tissue composition data over an annual reproductive cycle indicated that females accumulated greater somatic tissue energy reserves than did males during the summer and fall months. Maternal lipid and protein reserves were depleted in a reciprocal relation with ovarian growth during the winter. The greatest declines of lipid and protein occurred in mesenteries and muscle, respectively. Females lost approximately 40% more somatic tissue than males during the time interval from ovarian development to parturition. Lipid was the primary energy source, contributing 74% of the energy lost from somatic tissues for female-specific reproductive purposes. Two-thirds of lipid depleted from maternal soma was for adult metabolic maintenance. Of the other one-third, 43% was gained in ovary tissue during development, leaving 57% for reproductive metabolic costs. Protein increased 220% in ovaries relative to female-specific somatic protein loss, indicating de novo ovarian synthesis. This study is the first report of comprehensive tissue composition dynamics and allocation to reproduction in a viviparous marine teleost. The analytical design used demonstrated the significance of each tissue component and the temporal pattern of allocation to reproductive development. RP NORTON, EC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200008 ER PT J AU THEILACKER, GH PORTER, SM AF THEILACKER, GH PORTER, SM TI CONDITION OF LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA, IN THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA ASSESSED WITH HISTOLOGICAL AND SHRINKAGE INDEXES SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; TRACHURUS-SYMMETRICUS; SHELIKOF STRAIT; JACK MACKEREL; CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTS; FORMALIN CONCENTRATION; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; HERRING LARVAE; LENGTH CHANGES AB Condition of field-caught walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae was assessed by using a measurement of midgut cell height that reliably diagnosed the nutritional status of laboratory-reared walleye pollock. The midgut cell height was simple to measure on histological sections. Several correction factors were developed for applying the midgut measurement to a field study. These included regressions to characterize change in larval length associated with net collections of various elapsed times and with fixation in several types of preservatives. The response of midgut cell height to field collection procedures also was tested. The field study indicated larval walleye pollock were starving in the Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, in 1991. At some stations up to 40% of the larvae were in poor condition. Larvae were most vulnerable to starvation for 2 weeks following the day of first-feeding. RP THEILACKER, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 59 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 333 EP 344 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200011 ER PT J AU WADE, PR AF WADE, PR TI REVISED ESTIMATES OF INCIDENTAL KILL OF DOLPHINS (DELPHINIDAE) BY THE PURSE-SEINE TUNA FISHERY IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, 1959-1972 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; STENELLA; SIZE AB Dolphins (Delpkinidae) have been killed incidentally by the purse-seine fishery for yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the eastern tropical Pacific since at least 1959. Annual estimates of the number of dolphins killed from each stock are used by the National Marine Fisheries Service in making management decisions about the population status of affected stocks. Mortality estimates from the period with the greatest kill of dolphins, 1959-72, are important for estimates of the level of depletion of these stocks from their unexploited population sizes. A redefinition of the geographical boundaries of offshore stocks of pantropical spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata, makes it necessary to estimate annual kill for these newly defined stocks for 1959-72. I estimated the number of dolphins killed annually from 1959 to 1972 for the northeastern and western/southern stocks of spotted dolphins, using the methods of Lo and Smith (1986). I also revised the estimates of annual kill for the eastern and whitebelly stocks of spinner dolphins, S. longirostris, by correcting minor problems in previous data and analyses. Additionally, I estimated a coefficient of variation (CV) for each stock-specific estimate of incidental kill, which had not previously been done. Estimates of total kill were similar to previous estimates: 4.9 million dolphins are estimated to have been killed by the purse-seine fishery over the fourteen year period considered here, an average of 347,082 per year. Nearly all of the fisheries kill of pantropical spotted dolphins was of the northeastern stock, totaling 3.0 million (211,612 per year). Estimates of kill for the eastern stock of spinner dolphins were similar to previous estimates, totaling 1.3 million (91,739 per year). As expected, CTPs of the kill for each stock were higher than those previously reported for the total kill. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP WADE, PR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200012 ER PT J AU YANO, K DAHLHEIM, ME AF YANO, K DAHLHEIM, ME TI KILLER WHALE, ORCINUS-ORCA, DEPREDATION ON LONGLINE CATCHES OF BOTTOMFISH IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Depredation of bottomfish on longline catches by killer whales, Orcinus orca, has been documented throughout the Bering Sea. Stations where repeated interactions with killer whales had been noted were examined during Japan-U.S. cooperative longline research surveys conducted from 1980 to 1989. During vessel surveys in 1988, killer whales were shown to depredate Greenland turbot, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias, Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, and searcher, Bathymaster signatus, selecting the largest fish available for each species. Depredation rate, based on averages of total catch, was higher than calculated from direct counts of damaged fish. The average annual monetary loss to the survey calculated over a 4-month research season as a result of killer whale predation for the years 1982 through 1988 was estimated to range from $2,982 to $34,571 (from yen 402,500 to yen 4,667,110). C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP YANO, K (reprint author), FISHERIES AGCY JAPAN,SEIKAI NATL FISHERIES RES INST,2-5-20 HIGASHHIYAMOTO MACHI,SHIMONOSEKI,YAMAGUCHI 750,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 355 EP 372 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200013 ER PT J AU CARLSON, HR AF CARLSON, HR TI CONSISTENT YEARLY APPEARANCE OF AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA, AT A COASTAL SITE IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA, 1973-1994 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID WESTERN GULF; LARVAL; ABUNDANCE; JUVENILE RP CARLSON, HR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 386 EP 390 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200015 ER PT J AU KOHLER, NE CASEY, JG TURNER, PA AF KOHLER, NE CASEY, JG TURNER, PA TI LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR 13 SPECIES OF SHARKS FROM THE WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID NORTHWESTERN GULF; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; AGE; REPRODUCTION; HAMMERHEAD; AUSTRALIA; LEWINI RP KOHLER, NE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 39 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 93 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QR392 UT WOS:A1995QR39200019 ER PT J AU PETERS, CJ FLORUSSE, LJ DEROO, JL ARONS, JD SENGERS, JMHL AF PETERS, CJ FLORUSSE, LJ DEROO, JL ARONS, JD SENGERS, JMHL TI THE PRINCIPLE OF CONGRUENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO COMPRESSIBLE STATES SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE THEORY; EXPERIMENT; APPLICATION; EXCESS ENTHALPIES; EXCESS VOLUME; VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM; COMPRESSIBLE STATES; HYDROCARBONS; PRINCIPLE OF CONGRUENCE ID HARD-CHAIN THEORY; QUASI-BINARY MIXTURES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; TRICRITICAL PHENOMENA; NORMAL-PARAFFINS; ETHANE SYSTEMS; NATURAL-GAS; BEHAVIOR; PROPANE; METHANE AB The principle of congruence claims that certain thermodynamic and transport properties of a mixture of n-alkanes are the same as those of the pure n-alkane of the mole-fraction-averaged carbon number. We discuss the origin of the principle, and attempts at theoretical justification and validation with respect to experimental data. We demonstrate that the principle applies even in cases where no fundamental justification exists. Whenever the principle applies, prediction of thermodynamic behavior of a mixture of n-alkanes is inherently simpler and usually more accurate than that based on empirical equations of state, molecular interaction parameters, and mixing and combining rules. Our experimental verification serves to pinpoint those properties that can be safely and accurately predicted on the basis of the principle of congruence. The solubility of hydrogen in mixtures of long-chain n-alkanes is used as a prime example. C1 NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PETERS, CJ (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,FAC CHEM TECHNOL & MAT SCI,APPL THERMODYNAM & PHASE EQUILIBRIA LAB,2628 BL DELFT,NETHERLANDS. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilibria PD APR PY 1995 VL 105 IS 2 BP 193 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(94)02614-7 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA QQ713 UT WOS:A1995QQ71300004 ER PT J AU OLINSKI, R ZASTAWNY, TH FOKSINSKI, M BARECKI, A DIZDAROGLU, M AF OLINSKI, R ZASTAWNY, TH FOKSINSKI, M BARECKI, A DIZDAROGLU, M TI DNA-BASE MODIFICATIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE HYDROXYL RADICAL; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; DNA BASE DAMAGE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; CATALASE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY; FREE RADICALS ID MOUSE-LIVER CELLS; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; FREE-RADICALS; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; CATALASE; GENE AB The authors have studied DNA base damage and activities of antioxidant enzymes in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues and surrounding disease-free tissues removed from prostate glands of 15 patients. In these tissues, endogenous levels of various typical hydroxyl radical-induced products of DNA bases and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were measured. The majority of patients had higher levels of DNA base lesions and lower activities of enzymes in BPH tissues than in normal prostate tissues. When activities of both enzymes were lower in BPH tissues than in normal tissues, the increases in the amounts of DNA base lesions over control levels were most prominent. In the case of similar enzyme activities in both BPH and normal tissues, no changes in levels of DNA base lesions were observed. These results suggest a possible association between antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of DNA base lesions in BPH tissues. Some of the identified DNA lesions are known to be premutagenic and may play a role in carcinogenesis. Although a possible link between BPH and prostate cancer is controversial, BPH patients with both decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of DNA lesions may be at risk of developing prostate cancer. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CLIN SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MED ACAD BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. PROV HOSP,DEPT UROL,BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014; Foksinski, Marek/D-4942-2014 OI Foksinski, Marek/0000-0002-1338-8230 NR 40 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(94)00171-F PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QH098 UT WOS:A1995QH09800018 PM 7538480 ER PT J AU ABDALATI, W STEFFEN, K AF ABDALATI, W STEFFEN, K TI PASSIVE MICROWAVE-DERIVED SNOW MELT REGIONS ON THE GREENLAND ICE-SHEET SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB By comparing data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to field data, a melt threshold of the cross-polarized gradient ratio (XPGR), which is a normalized difference between the 19 GHz horizontally-polarized and 37 GHz vertically polarized brightness temperatures, is determined. This threshold, XPGR = -0.025, is used to classify dry and wet snow. The annual areal extent of melt is mapped for the years 1988 through 1991, and inter-annual variations of melt extent are examined. The results show that the melt extent varied from a low of 38.3% of the ice sheet (1990) to a high of 41.7% (1991) during the years 1988-1991. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ABDALATI, W (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013 OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 7 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1029/95GL00433 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR153 UT WOS:A1995QR15300012 ER PT J AU GLECKLER, PJ RANDALL, DA BOER, G COLMAN, R DIX, M GALIN, V HELFAND, M KIEHL, J KITOH, A LAU, W LIANG, XY LYKOSSOV, V MCAVANEY, B MIYAKODA, K PLANTON, S STERN, W AF GLECKLER, PJ RANDALL, DA BOER, G COLMAN, R DIX, M GALIN, V HELFAND, M KIEHL, J KITOH, A LAU, W LIANG, XY LYKOSSOV, V MCAVANEY, B MIYAKODA, K PLANTON, S STERN, W TI CLOUD-RADIATIVE EFFECTS ON IMPLIED OCEANIC ENERGY TRANSPORTS AS SIMULATED BY ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSPORT; BUDGETS; CLIMATE AB This paper summarizes the ocean surface net energy flux simulated by fifteen atmospheric general circulation models constrained by realistically-varying sea surface temperatures and sea ice as part of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. In general, the simulated energy fluxes are within the very large observational uncertainties. However, the annual mean oceanic meridional heat transport that would be required to balance the simulated surface fluxes is shown to be critically sensitive to the radiative effects of clouds, to the extent that even the sign of the Southern Hemisphere ocean heat transport can be affected by the errors in simulated cloud-radiation interactions. It is suggested that improved treatment of cloud radiative effects should help in the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models. C1 CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR,VICTORIA,BC,CANADA. BUR METEOROL RES CTR,MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA. DEPT NUMER MATH,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. METEOROL RES INST,TSUKUBA,JAPAN. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. DYNAM EXTENTED RANGE FORCASTING,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ. CTR NATL RECH METEOROL,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP GLECKLER, PJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PROGRAM CLIMATE DIAGNOSIS & INTERCOMPARISON,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012; Dix, Martin/A-2334-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; PLANTON, Serge/L-3112-2016 OI Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224; Dix, Martin/0000-0002-7534-0654; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; NR 16 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 7 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1029/95GL00113 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR153 UT WOS:A1995QR15300013 ER PT J AU SCHAUFFLER, SM POLLOCK, WH ATLAS, EL HEIDT, LE DANIEL, JS AF SCHAUFFLER, SM POLLOCK, WH ATLAS, EL HEIDT, LE DANIEL, JS TI ATMOSPHERIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF HCFC 141B SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE; OH; HCFC-141B; DEPLETION; CHLORINE; CH3CFCL2; SINK AB In recent years, HCFC 141b (CH3CCl2F) has become commercially available as a replacement for CFC 11 (CCl3F) in closed-cell foam blowing applications and as a partial replacement for CFC 113 (CCl2FCClF2) in solvent and cleaning applications. Measurements of the atmospheric distribution and rate of growth of HCFC 141b reported here provide initial data to begin evaluation of the atmospheric fate of this replacement compound. HCFC 141b measurements in March 1992 and from various periods in 1993 indicate a strong interhemispheric gradient and rapid growth in tropospheric mixing ratios during this time. Average HCFC 141b mixing ratios in April 1993 in the northern and southern hemispheres were 0.83 +/- 0.23 pptv and 0.28 +/- 0.07 pptv, respectively. HCFC 141b mixing ratios increased in the mid-latitude northern hemisphere from 0.26 pptv in late March 1992 to 1.41 pptv in late September 1993. Southern hemisphere mixing ratios increased from approximately 0.28 pptv in April 1993 to 0.45 pptv in October 1993. Emissions estimates, based on the observations, were calculated using a two box model and for 1990-1993 were 0.5, 2.5, 7, and 15 kT, respectively. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SCHAUFFLER, SM (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 7 BP 819 EP 822 DI 10.1029/95GL00376 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QR153 UT WOS:A1995QR15300020 ER PT J AU SQUIRES, D KIRKLEY, J AF SQUIRES, D KIRKLEY, J TI RESOURCE RENTS FROM SINGLE AND MULTISPECIES INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTA PROGRAMS SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MULTIPLE SPECIES; RESOURCE RENTS; ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ID NEW-ZEALAND; FISHERIES; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS AB This paper ex ante analyses individual transferable quota (ITQ) programs for three fish species, thornyheads (Sebastolobus altivelis) and Sebastolobus alascanus) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fibria), in a common property bottom trawl fishery on the Pacific coast of the United States. Using a dual revenue function, the concept of virtual prices, and price-endogenous, nonlinear mathematical programming, short-run economic rents and gains in economic efficiency from trade associated with an ITQ program are evaluated. The paper finds only moderate potential for increased resource rents from an ITQ program for either single species. In addition, the potential benefits due to an ITQ program for all species are diminished by limitations in reorganizing joint production of fish under additional quota constraints. C1 VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI, COLL WILLIAM & MARY, GLOUCESTER POINT, VA 23062 USA. RP SQUIRES, D (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, POB 271, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/1054-3139(95)80032-8 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA RG089 UT WOS:A1995RG08900001 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, DB AF SULLIVAN, DB TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON SELECTED PAPERS CPEM/94 - FOREWORD SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP SULLIVAN, DB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700001 ER PT J AU HOWE, DA PERCIVAL, DB AF HOWE, DA PERCIVAL, DB TI WAVELET VARIANCE, ALLAN VARIANCE, AND LEAKAGE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB Wavelets have recently been a subject of great interest in geophysics, mathematics and signal processing. The discrete wavelet transform can be used to decompose a time series with respect to a set of basis functions, each one of which is associated with a particular scale. The properties of a time series at different scales can then be summarized by the wavelet variance, which decomposes the variance of a time series on a scale by scale basis. The wavelet variance corresponding to some of the recently discovered wavelets can provide a more accurate conversion between the time and frequency domains than can be accomplished using the Allan variance. This increase in accuracy is due to the fact that these wavelet variances give better protection against leakage than does the Allan variance. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,APPL PHYS LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP HOWE, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1109/19.377781 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700005 ER PT J AU LEE, WD SHIRLEY, JH LOWE, JP DRULLINGER, RE AF LEE, WD SHIRLEY, JH LOWE, JP DRULLINGER, RE TI THE ACCURACY EVALUATION OF NIST-7 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID FREQUENCY STANDARD AB We have performed evaluations of the major systematic errors in NIST-7 with an overall uncertainty of less than a part in 10(14). The complete evaluation process has been separated into two parts. With a computer-controlled, digital servo system and some new measurement techniques, we now perform core evaluations (second-order Zeeman and Doppler shifts, cavity pulling and phase shift, line overlap and some electronic shifts) with an overall uncertainty of less than one part in 10(14) in just a few days of measurements. The complete evaluation of all small and subtle effects in both the physics and electronics requires a few hundred days of data. But, these small effects are not variable at the 10(-14) level and their infrequent evaluation does not detract from the operational accuracy of the standard. RP LEE, WD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1109/19.377788 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700012 ER PT J AU SHIRLEY, JH LEE, WD ROVERA, GD DRULLINGER, RE AF SHIRLEY, JH LEE, WD ROVERA, GD DRULLINGER, RE TI RABI PEDESTAL SHIFTS AS A DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL IN PRIMARY FREQUENCY STANDARDS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB Some of the systematic errors in primary, atomic-beam frequency standards are much larger for the Rabi pedestal part of the lineshape than for the Ramsey fringe part. We have used a digital servo system to measure the frequency offset between the Rabi pedestal and the Ramsey fringe for all seven Zeeman components of the cesium hyperfine transition. The dependence of these shifts on magnetic field, modulation amplitude, and microwave power enables us to separate three distinct causes: Rabi pulling, cavity pulling, and magnetic field inhomogeneity. From the measured pedestal shifts, we infer the corresponding shifts for the clock transition with uncertainties of the order of one part in 10(15) or less. C1 OBSERV PARIS,BUR NATL METROL,PRIMAIRE TEMPS & FREQUENCES LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP SHIRLEY, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.1109/19.377792 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700016 ER PT J AU TAN, JN BOLLINGER, JJ WINELAND, DJ AF TAN, JN BOLLINGER, JJ WINELAND, DJ TI MINIMIZING THE TIME-DILATION SHIFT IN PENNING TRAP ATOMIC CLOCKS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID ION PLASMA; FREQUENCY STANDARD; GROUND-STATE AB If environmental perturbations are made negligible, the time-dilation shift is expected to give one of the largest systematic uncertainties in a stored ion clock. In general, this shift increases with the number of trapped ions. Fluctuations in the time dilation shift therefore could limit the frequency stability of an ion clock. We show that in a Penning trap, relativistic time dilation can be minimized if the laser-cooled ions are prepared in a special spheroidal state. In addition, a modest stabilization of the spheroid near the minimum-shift configuration can significantly reduce fluctuations in the time dilation. The results obtained for a single-species ion clock also provide a good approximation for a sympathetically cooled system. RP TAN, JN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1109/19.377794 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700018 ER PT J AU JEFFERTS, SR MONROE, C BARTON, AS WINELAND, DJ AF JEFFERTS, SR MONROE, C BARTON, AS WINELAND, DJ TI PAUL TRAP FOR OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe a variant of the quadrupole rf (Paul) ion trap capable of localization of a trapped ion within much less than an optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke regime). Attainment of the Lamb-Dicke regime reduces the sensitivity of the central absorption feature to atomic motion, thereby reducing an important source of noise in an optical frequency standard. The trapping potentials are generated by a high-Q, vacuum-compatible, quarter-wave resonator driven at about 240 MHz. Secular frequencies of tens of megahertz have been achieved for trapped magnesium and beryllium ions. RP JEFFERTS, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 148 EP 150 DI 10.1109/19.377795 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700019 ER PT J AU JUNGNER, PA SWARTZ, S EICKHOFF, M YE, J HALL, JL WALTMAN, S AF JUNGNER, PA SWARTZ, S EICKHOFF, M YE, J HALL, JL WALTMAN, S TI ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY OF THE MOLECULAR-IODINE TRANSITION R(56)32-0 NEAR 532 NM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY; RUBIDIUM AB The absolute frequency of the hyperfine component a(10) in the transition R(56)32-0 of iodine has been measured using the D-2 line in Rb at 780 nm and an iodine-stabilized 633-nm He-Ne laser as references. This measurement provides a secondary frequency standard within the tuning,range of a doubled Nd:YAG laser. The measured frequency of the a(10) component is 563 260 223.480 MHz +/- 70 kHz. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP JUNGNER, PA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1109/19.377796 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700020 ER PT J AU EICKHOFF, ML HALL, JL AF EICKHOFF, ML HALL, JL TI OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD AT 532 NM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; I-127(2) AB We have constructed a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser source stabilized via modulation transfer spectroscopy to hyperfine absorption peaks in molecular iodine. The system is suitable for use as an optical frequency standard because of the excellent stability (sigma < 1x10(-13) for tau greater than or equal to 1 s) and reproducibility (75 Hz per ir laser) observed between two independent dissimilar systems. With heterodyne techniques, we have measured the hyperfine splittings of seven rovibrational transitions in I-127(2). a computer fits the data for the hyperfine coupling constants based on a four term Hamilitonian. The residuals from these fits have a standard deviation as low as 520 Hz, displaying the best reported agreement to date with the quadrupolar hyperfine Hamiltonian. Modulation transfer lineshapes have been accurately recorded using rf offset phase-locking techniques with our two systems. Pressure shift (-1.3 kHz/Pa) and broadening (74 kHz/Pa) of the a(1) component of R(56)32-0 have been derived from these lineshape measurements. C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP EICKHOFF, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 15 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1109/19.377797 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700021 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, CA BURROUGHS, CJ KAUTZ, RL AF HAMILTON, CA BURROUGHS, CJ KAUTZ, RL TI JOSEPHSON D/A CONVERTER WITH FUNDAMENTAL ACCURACY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB A binary sequence of series arrays of shunted Josephson junctions is used to make a 14-b D/A converter. With 13 bias lines,any step number in the range -8192 to +8192 -1.2 V to +1.2 V can be selected in the time required to stabilize the bias current (a few microseconds). The circuit is a fast accurate de reference, and it makes possible the digital synthesis of ac waveforms whose amplitudes derive directly from the internationally accepted definition of the volt. RP HAMILTON, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 2 TC 199 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1109/19.377816 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700040 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, CA BURROUGHS, CJ AF HAMILTON, CA BURROUGHS, CJ TI PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF NIST 10-V JOSEPHSON ARRAYS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID VOLTAGE STANDARDS AB This paper reviews eight gears of fabrication of 10-V Josephson array chips at NIST, and the performance and reliability of these chips at 22 different standards laboratories. Failure mechanisms and statistical data on failure rates are presented for devices made with both Nb/Nb2O5/Pb and Nb/Al2O3/Nb junctions. RP HAMILTON, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.1109/19.377820 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700044 ER PT J AU LEE, KC AF LEE, KC TI BONDING WIRES TO QUANTIZED HALL RESISTORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB Three different techniques for attaching wires to quantized Hall resistors with gold-germanium-nickel (AuGe/Ni) alloyed contacts were evaluated. The best quality and most robust samples were made by evaporating bonding pads that overlapped the alloyed contacts and the substrate, so that bonds could be made over the substrate rather than over the heterostructure. RP LEE, KC (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1109/19.377823 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700047 ER PT J AU ELMQUIST, RE DZIUBA, RF AF ELMQUIST, RE DZIUBA, RF TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR CRYOGENIC CURRENT COMPARATOR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID TUBES AB NIST is developing a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) to operate at 77K, using high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ceramic shielding material and an HTS-based superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detector. The shielding properties of at least two polycrystalline oxide HTS materials appear sufficient for use in a high-accuracy CCC. A measurement of current-linkage error, a figure of merit for CCC devices, is made for one type of HTS CCC. The design of a second HTS CCC which uses improved magnetic shielding is described. RP ELMQUIST, RE (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DIV ELECTR & ELECT ENGN,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1109/19.377826 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700050 ER PT J AU JANIK, D DEXIONG, X JOHN, D VALKEAPAA, T REBULDELA, G RUSTAGI, VK SASS, J AF JANIK, D DEXIONG, X JOHN, D VALKEAPAA, T REBULDELA, G RUSTAGI, VK SASS, J TI INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF LOW-VOLTAGE (0.001 V) AND HIGH-VOLTAGE (100 V) IN COAXIAL LINE AT 30 MHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB At a frequeny of 30 MHz-a commonly used intermediate frequency-two micropotentiometers have been intercompared at a voltage level of 0.001 V and in a second exercise two thermal converters at a level of 100 V. Seven national laboratories of metrology from China, Finland, the former German Democratic Republic, Hungary, the United States (U.S.A.), India, and the Federal Republic of Germany with the PTB as pilot laboratory participated in the first comparison and three of them also in the second one. In this paper, the methods for determining the RF-dc transfer differences are described and the results of the intercomparison are presented. The results proved that uncertainties between 0.002 and 0.005 can be obtained for the transfer difference at 30 MHz with the stepping-up and stepping-down procedures used to perform accurate high and low voltage measurements referred to a national RF voltage standard at 1 V. C1 PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,BERLIN,GERMANY. NATL INST METROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. POST & TELECOMMUN FINLAND,HELSINKI,FINLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL PHYS LAB,NEW DELHI,INDIA. ORSZAGOS MERESUGYI HIVATAL,BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RP JANIK, D (reprint author), PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1109/19.377839 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700063 ER PT J AU GEYER, RG KRUPKA, J AF GEYER, RG KRUPKA, J TI MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB The permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of crosslinked polystyrene (Rexolite), polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), and single-crystal quartz were measured at microwave frequencies and at temperatures of 77 K and 300 K using a dielectric resonator technique. Dielectric loss tangents as low as 7 x 10(-6) at 77 K were determined by applying high-temperature superconducting (HTS) films as the endplates of the dielectric resonator. Two permittivity tenser components for uniaxially anisotropic crystalline quartz were measured. Although the permittivities at 77 K changed very little from their room temperature values at 300 K, large changes in dielectric losses were observed. The decreased losses of these microelectronic substrates can markedly improve the performance of-many microwave devices at cryogenic temperatures. C1 POLITECH WARSZAWSKIEJ,INST MIKROELEKTR & OPTOELEKTR,PL-00662 WARSAW,POLAND. RP GEYER, RG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1109/19.377844 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700068 ER PT J AU WAIT, DF AF WAIT, DF TI RADIOMETER EQUATION FOR NOISE COMPARISON RADIOMETERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB A complete radiometer equation is derived and used to develop better corrections and uncertainty estimates. I believe it to he the first thorough analysis of radiometers with unisolated front ends. We show that a corrected unisolated radiometer can have an accuracy similar to that of a well-isolated radiometer. The radiometer error is insignificant for radiometers with 40-dB isolation. However, for high-temperature applications (such as sources and standards above 3000 K), isolation is usually unnecessary. RP WAIT, DF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 336 EP 339 DI 10.1109/19.377846 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700070 ER PT J AU KINARD, JR HUANG, DX NOVOTNY, DB AF KINARD, JR HUANG, DX NOVOTNY, DB TI INTEGRATED THIN-FILM MICROPOTENTIOMETERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID VOLTAGE STANDARDS; DC AB Integrated micropotentiometers, new de,ices fabricated with thin-film technology and the micromachining of silicon, have been developed for the accurate determination of ac voltage from 1 to 200 mV at frequencies from audio to 1 MHz and with the potential for higher frequencies. C1 BALLANTINE LABS INC,CEDAR KNOLLS,NJ 07927. US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KINARD, JR (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1109/19.377856 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700080 ER PT J AU KINARD, JR HUANG, DX NOVOTNY, DB AF KINARD, JR HUANG, DX NOVOTNY, DB TI PERFORMANCE OF MULTILAYER THIN-FILM MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB New multilayer, thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTC's) suitable as high performance ac-dc transfer standards have been fabricated and studied at NIST. This paper describes their thermal and physical features and the materials chosen to improve performance. Performance data are given over a wide range of frequencies and conditions. C1 BALLANTINE LABS INC,CEDAR KNOLLS,NJ 07927. US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KINARD, JR (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1109/19.377859 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700083 ER PT J AU HUANG, DX LIPE, TE KINARD, JR CHILDERS, CB AF HUANG, DX LIPE, TE KINARD, JR CHILDERS, CB TI AC-DC DIFFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE THERMAL CONVERTERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS ID STANDARDS AB This paper describes a study of high-voltage thermal converters (HVTC's) at voltages above 100 V at frequencies up to 100 kHz. Techniques for the construction of HVTC's are described, and the effects of aging and-dielectric loss on the resistor, changes in the timing sequence of ac-dc difference tests, relay dead-times, warmup times, and voltage level dependence are given. C1 BALLANTINE LABS INC,CEDAR KNOLLS,NJ 07927. US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1109/19.377860 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700084 ER PT J AU DEETER, MN AF DEETER, MN TI HIGH-SENSITIVITY FIBEROPTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS BASED ON IRON GARNETS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 94) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP NIST, BOULDER LABS AB Ferrimagnetic iron garnet crystals form the basis of magnetooptic magnetic field sensors which offer high sensitivity, broad-band frequency response, and compatibility with fiber optics. Recent developments at NIST promise still greater performance for these devices in the near term. Specifically, new designs for magnetic field sensors, electric current sensors, and novel experimental iron garnet compositions demonstrate the potential for significantly improving the performance of these devices. RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECTR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2 BP 464 EP 467 DI 10.1109/19.377881 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA QV497 UT WOS:A1995QV49700105 ER PT J AU MACDONALD, ME GROSSMAN, EN AF MACDONALD, ME GROSSMAN, EN TI NIOBIUM MICROBOLOMETERS FOR FAR-INFRARED DETECTION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB Microbolometers have been fabricated using a thin niobium film as the detector element. These detectors operate at room temperature, are impedance matched to planar antennas, and are suitable for broadband use at far-infrared wavelengths. We have achieved responsivities of up to 21 V/W at a bias of 6.4 mA, and electrical noise equivalent powers (NEP) of as low as 1.1 x 10(-10) W/root Hz at 1 kHz at a bias of 3.6 mA. At this bias, the detectors are 1/f-noise limited below 1 kHz and are Johnson noise limited above 10 kHz. The 1/f noise in nV/root Hz increases approximately linearly with bias with a typical level of 0.39 I(mA)/root f(kHz). This level of 1/f noise is approximately a factor of 7 below the best reported for bismuth microbolometers. RP MACDONALD, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1109/22.375241 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QT615 UT WOS:A1995QT61500026 ER PT J AU MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF AF MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF TI CONVERSIONS BETWEEN S-PARAMETERS, Z-PARAMETERS, Y-PARAMETERS, H-PARAMETERS, ABCD-PARAMETERS, AND T-PARAMETERS WHICH ARE VALID FOR COMPLEX SOURCE AND LOAD IMPEDANCES - COMMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Letter RP MARKS, RB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 914 EP 915 DI 10.1109/22.375247 PN 1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QT615 UT WOS:A1995QT61500034 ER PT J AU EASTERLING, DR PETERSON, TC AF EASTERLING, DR PETERSON, TC TI A NEW METHOD FOR DETECTING UNDOCUMENTED DISCONTINUITIES IN CLIMATOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; TIME SERIES; HOMOGENEITY AB The development of homogeneous climatological time series is a crucial step in examining climate fluctuations and change. We review and test methods that have been proposed previously for detecting inhomogeneities, and introduce a new method we have developed. This method is based on a combination of regression analysis and non-parametric statistics. After evaluation against other techniques, using both simulated and observed data, our technique appears to have the best overall performance. RP EASTERLING, DR (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,FED BLDG,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 18 TC 262 Z9 295 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1002/joc.3370150403 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QW388 UT WOS:A1995QW38800002 ER PT J AU LEONE, SR AF LEONE, SR TI KINETIC-ENERGY-ENHANCED NEUTRAL ETCHING SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Dry Process Symposium (DPS 1994) CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE DRY PROCESS; ETCHING; SILICON; KINETIC ENERGY; CHLORINE ID DISK ION-SOURCE; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; HOT SF6 BEAM; LASER VAPORIZATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; TRANSLATIONALLY HOT; ROTATIONALLY COLD; NO MOLECULES; SURFACE; FILMS AB A review is presented of the emerging field of neutral-species kinetic-energy-enhanced etching of silicon. As the gate oxide thickness of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) is decreased to dimensions of 50 Angstrom or less, the potentially damaging effects of high-kinetic-energy ions in plasma processing become important. New methods are required to remove material in a more refined, selective manner. In this review, the motivations for studies of neutral-species enhanced-kinetic-energy etching are described. Currently available sources of neutral reactive species with enhanced kinetic energies of 1-10 eV are discussed, and published experimental and theoretical investigations of enhanced-kinetic-energy neutral etching are reviewed. Problems associated with neural species etching are also considered, and some possible future developments in the field are summarized. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LEONE, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 79 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD APR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 4B BP 2073 EP 2082 DI 10.1143/JJAP.34.2073 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RF661 UT WOS:A1995RF66100002 ER PT J AU MILDNER, DFR SHAROV, VA CHEN, H AF MILDNER, DFR SHAROV, VA CHEN, H TI THE NUMBER OF REFLECTIONS OF A NEUTRON BEAM TRANSMITTED BY A CAPILLARY FIBER SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY OPTICS AB The average number of reflections for radiation transmitted by a straight cylindrical channel can be determined analytically for an input beam for which the divergence has polar symmetry. For the case of an incident beam with a divergence of Cartesian symmetry (for example, the output from a rectangular neutron guide), the number of reflections can be calculated only if the maximum divergence is less than the critical angle of the cylindrical channel. For larger divergences, the requirement that the glacing angle is less than the critical angle does not allow a simple analytic solution. This paper reports the calculation of the number of reflections using an approximation and makes comparisons with a numerical simulation that gives an estimate of the exact result. C1 XRAY OPT SYST INC,ALBANY,NY 12205. RP MILDNER, DFR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 28 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1107/S0021889894008812 PN 2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA QT056 UT WOS:A1995QT05600001 ER PT J AU BARKER, JG PEDERSEN, JS AF BARKER, JG PEDERSEN, JS TI INSTRUMENTAL SMEARING EFFECTS IN RADIALLY SYMMETRICAL SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING BY NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION FUNCTION; X-RAY; OPTIMIZATION AB A numerical calculation method for determining the resolution functions for radially symmetric collimation and scattering is described. In the present approach, the total number of integrations is reduced to four by use of the radial symmetry of the geometry. Furthermore, the beam-stop shadowing effect is included exactly. A typical calculation can be completed in minutes on current personal computers. An interactive computer program allows the user to enter the experimental parameters such as aperture size and wavelength spread, allowing smearing calculations to be handled routinely as a 'black box' operation. The exact smearing treatment is compared both to an improved technique involving Gaussian resolution functions where corrections for the beam stop are included and to results from Monte Carlo simulations. In most experiments, the use of a Gaussian distribution to approximate the resolution is preferred on account of its ease of calculation. But in a few cases, such as Pored scattering, the present more extensive numerical calculation or inclusion of the developed beam-stop-shadowing correction factors into a Gaussian scheme are needed for an adequate prediction of the smearing effects. C1 RISO NATL LAB,DEPT SOLID STATE PHYS,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. RP BARKER, JG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Pedersen, Jan/A-8346-2008 OI Pedersen, Jan/0000-0002-7768-0206 NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 14 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 28 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1107/S0021889894010095 PN 2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA QT056 UT WOS:A1995QT05600005 ER PT J AU RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS AF RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS TI COMPARISON OF DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR ESTIMATORS OF RAIN SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE-SHIFT; MICROPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION; DISDROMETER MEASUREMENTS; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; REFLECTIVITY AB Several polarimetric radar estimators of rain rate R and rainwater content M are examined. The accuracy of the estimators is analyzed using a gamma drop size distribution (DSD) simulation and a radar wavelength of 11 cm. The estimators that use combined measurements of specific differential phase K-DP and differential reflectivity Z(DR) are superior to the estimators of R and M obtained from reflectivity factors Z(h) and Z(v) at orthogonal polarizations or K-DP only. The standard deviation of the R(K-DP, Z(DR)) estimate is 2-3 times less than for the best of the R(Z(h), Z(v)) estimators. The statistical accuracy of the IM(K-DP, Z(DR)) estimator is at least 1.5-2 times better than for the M(Z(h), Z(v)) estimator. Cumulative rainfalls obtained with the estimators are compared with accumulations recorded with 42 rain gauges in the Little Washita River basin. Biases, errors, and reasons for the superior performance of the R(K-DP, Z(DR)) estimator are explained in terms of the microphysical processes in the squall line that contributed to the rainfall. RP RYZHKOV, AV (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 25 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0249:CODPRE>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD059 UT WOS:A1995RD05900003 ER PT J AU RALPH, FM AF RALPH, FM TI USING RADAR-MEASURED RADIAL VERTICAL VELOCITIES TO DISTINGUISH PRECIPITATION SCATTERING FROM CLEAR-AIR SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DOPPLER RADARS; LAYER; RAIN; REFLECTIVITY; FREQUENCY; SNOWFALL; CLOUDS AB Thresholds separating regimes for which Rayleigh scattering from precipitation is likely to dominate over Bragg scattering from clear air are established for several common radar wind profiler frequencies. The thresholds are first determined for radar reflectivity factor Z based on observed values of the structure parameter C-n(2) in the troposphere. These thresholds for Z are then transformed to thresholds for modal terminal velocities V* of rain and snow for exponential particle size distributions. Measurements at 915, 404, and 50 MHz in stratiform rain help substantiate the applicability of the calculated thresholds, even though fall velocities, rather than V*, are measured. Because the V* thresholds for rain at wind profiler frequencies (i.e., >2.5-5.6 m s(-1) at 404 MHz) are substantially greater than typical vertical air motions outside convective cells, profiler-observed radial vertical velocities are a robust indicator of the presence of rain in profiler data. Although snow can also often be identified in this manner, the V* thresholds (i.e., 0.5-1.2 m s(-1)) are small enough to increase the probability that mesoscale clear-air vertical motions can mask or resemble its signature. The technique developed here allows rain, and to a lesser extent snow, to be identified in radar wind profiler data under most conditions without having to examine the entire Doppler power spectrum, even when the profiler is not calibrated to measure reflectivity factor. RP RALPH, FM (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,R E ET7,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 37 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD059 UT WOS:A1995RD05900004 ER PT J AU ANGEVINE, WM MACPHERSON, JI AF ANGEVINE, WM MACPHERSON, JI TI COMPARISON OF WIND PROFILER AND AIRCRAFT WIND MEASUREMENTS AT CHEBOGUE POINT, NOVA-SCOTIA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RASS AB In August 1993, a 915-MHz boundary layer wind-profiling radar was deployed at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, to provide wind, turbulence, and boundary layer structure information for the North Atlantic Regional Experiment summer 1993 intensive campaign. The National Research Council Canada Twin Otter atmospheric research aircraft was also part of that campaign. During the campaign, the Twin Otter flew 29 soundings over Chebogue Point. This paper describes a comparison of the wind speed and direction measured by the profiler and the aircraft. In the height range 300-2000 m above sea level, the random difference between the wind speed measurements is 0.9 m s(-1), and the random difference between the wind direction measurements is 9 degrees. There is a small systematic difference in the wind speeds (0.14 m s(-1)) that is probably due to uncertainty in the zenith angles of the radar beams and extremely good agreement (within 0.5 degrees) in the wind direction. The Kalman filter-smoother technique used to remove drifts in the inertial navigation system is shown to be important in achieving these favorable results. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL,FLIGHT RES LAB,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. RP ANGEVINE, WM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,CIRES,AERON LAB,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0421:COWPAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RD059 UT WOS:A1995RD05900019 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK AF IRIKURA, KK TI STRUCTURE AND THERMOCHEMISTRY OF SULFUR FLUORIDES SFN (N=1-5) AND THEIR IONS SFN+ (N=1-5) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; HEXAFLUORIDE; DISSOCIATION; KINETICS; ENERGIES; DIFLUORIDE; OXIDATION RP IRIKURA, KK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 75 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 13 BP 5357 EP 5367 DI 10.1063/1.469263 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QP515 UT WOS:A1995QP51500028 ER PT J AU MOUNTAIN, RD AF MOUNTAIN, RD TI LENGTH SCALES FOR FRAGILE GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; SOFT-SPHERE ALLOYS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; FLUIDS RP MOUNTAIN, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 13 BP 5408 EP 5410 DI 10.1063/1.469268 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QP515 UT WOS:A1995QP51500033 ER PT J AU BASIST, AN ROPELEWSKI, CF GRODY, NC AF BASIST, AN ROPELEWSKI, CF GRODY, NC TI COMPARISON OF TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE DERIVED FROM THE MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT AND THE NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; PRECISION; ANOMALIES; TRENDS; MSU AB The Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) aboard the NOAA series of polar-orbiting satellites (TIROS-N to NOAA-12) have provided stable and precise measurements of vertically integrated atmospheric temperature since December 1978. Comparisons are made between the MSU channel measurements and temperatures derived from the global data assimilation system (GDAS) at the National Meteorological Center(NMC) for the period 1979-1990. The largest correlations occur at high to midlatitudes, where the troposphere exhibits large monthly anomaly fields, and where radiosondes provide ample coverage for the GDAS. Intermonthly differences from each dataset had global correlations above 0.97. However, poor correlations with MSU were noted over areas of high terrain and tropical landmasses. These poorer correlations can be attributed to temporal changes and data limitations in the GDAS analysis. Comparisons between the GDAS and MSU temperature anomaly fields indicate that frequent model changes mask the climate signal in the GDAS analysis. Nonetheless, the study suggests that both GDAS- and MSU-derived temperature anomalies detect similar spatial and temporal variability over regions where the GDAS is data rich and the signal is large, that is, the EI Nino-Southern Oscillations. This study suggests that the NMC reanalysis, using a fixed assimilation model, will produce a stable dataset of tropospheric temperatures. Therefore, the 35 years of reanalyzed NMC model data can be used in conjunction with satellite data to improve the suite of tools used in climate monitoring. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4 BP 668 EP 681 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0668:COTTDF>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV555 UT WOS:A1995QV55500002 ER PT J AU GU, DF PHILANDER, SGH AF GU, DF PHILANDER, SGH TI SECULAR CHANGES OF ANNUAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE TROPICS DURING THE PAST CENTURY SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; OCEAN AB Wavelet transforms, which can unfold signals in both time and frequency domains, are used to analyze the Comprehensive Ocean and Atmospheric Data Sets for the period 1870-1988. The focus is on secular changes in the interannual variability and the annual cycle of selected equatorial regions. The amplitude of El Ni (n) over tilde o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is found to be large from 1885 to 1915, to be small during the period 1915-1950, and to increase rapidly after about 1960. Surprisingly, the decadal variations in the amplitude of ENSO are not matched by similar decadal variations in the amplitude of the annual cycle. On short timescales of 2-5 years, ENSO strongly influences the annual cycle in certain parts of the central and eastern tropical Pacific where the thermocline is shallow. The annual cycle is weak in warm El Ni (n) over tilde o years and is strong in cold La Ni (n) over tilde a years. This result suggests that the amplitude of the seasonal cycle is affected by interannual variations in the depth of the thermocline and in the intensity of the trade winds. RP GU, DF (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, POB CN710, SAYRE HALL, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 35 TC 176 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4 BP 864 EP 876 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0864:SCOAAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV555 UT WOS:A1995QV55500015 ER PT J AU MCINTYRE, PC CIMA, MJ ROSHKO, A AF MCINTYRE, PC CIMA, MJ ROSHKO, A TI THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE SURFACE STEPS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF EPITAXIAL BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS ON (001) LAALO3 SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; GROWTH-MECHANISM; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MORPHOLOGY; SRTIO3; NUCLEATION; TOPOGRAPHY AB The effects of steps in the (001) surface of LaAlO3 substrates on the microstructural evolution of heteroepitaxial Ba2YCu3O7-x (BYC) thin films were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Native substrate surface steps acted as nucleation sites for both the c-ads normal and c-axis in-plane (a-axis normal) orientations in BYC films prepared by post-deposition annealing of a precursor film. The density of c-axis in-plane BYC grains varied dramatically across the surface of the substrates. In several samples, the spatial pattern of c-axis in-plane regions present in the BYC films was similar to the twin structure present in the LaAlO3 substrates. Surface grooves present near twin boundaries in the substrates and lattice rotation of the LaAlO3 during its rhombohedral-cubic phase transition at similar to 450 degrees C may produce the large surface steps that act as preferred sites for BYC nucleation. C1 MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 1995 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)00003-8 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA QT193 UT WOS:A1995QT19300009 ER PT J AU CHERNOV, AA CORIELL, SR MURRAY, BT AF CHERNOV, AA CORIELL, SR MURRAY, BT TI KINETIC SELF-STABILIZATION OF A STEPPED INTERFACE - GROWTH INTO A SUPERCOOLED MELT SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY; SALOL CRYSTALS; VICINAL FACE; FLOW AB We investigate the effect of anisotropic kinetics on the morphological stability of a pure material growing at constant velocity into a supercooled melt. The kinetic anisotropy is based on the motion of elementary seeps and the stability of a planar interface with respect to the formation of macrosteps or step bunching is considered. Kinetic anisotropy and capillarity stabilize the interface, while the temperature gradient in the melt is destabilizing. Linear stability calculations for dislocation and nucleation controlled growth of salol indicate that anisotropic kinetics provides stabilization for sufficiently low growth velocities for crystals of practical dimensions. Although the critical crystal size depends on the growth velocity, for materials like salol, instability may occur for dimensions larger than tens of centimeters, while for materials like germanium the critical size is less than a centimeter. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 1995 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(94)01015-3 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA QT193 UT WOS:A1995QT19300016 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW DICKENS, B LIU, DW AF STANSBURY, JW DICKENS, B LIU, DW TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLOPOLYMERIZABLE RESIN FORMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYCLOPOLYMERIZABLE RESINS ID COMPOSITES; ACRYLATES; DENTISTRY AB An amine-catalyzed reaction between acrylates and formaldehyde has been used to convert mono-acrylates to difunctional monomers and di-acrylates to multifunctional oligomers by linking the acrylic double bonds together in 1,6-diene pairs. The resulting monomers and oligomers undergo efficient cyclopolymerization to high conversion with significantly less shrinkage than normally found for acrylates. In this study, a convenient single-step process was used with mixtures of mono- and di-acrylate starting materials to produce a series of resins with potential for effective cyclopolymerization. Incremental changes in the ethyl acrylate (EA) to ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate (EBPAD) ratio directly supplied cyclopolymerizable resins with a broad range of viscosities and product distributions. Those resins produced from reaction mixtures rich in EA have low viscosities because of high diluent monomer contents and limited oligomerization of EBPAD due to end-cap formation. Resin viscosity and average molecular weight of the oligomeric component of the resin were inversely related to the amount of EA used in the reaction. Through the choice of reactants and their ratio, this simple technique has the potential to provide cyclopolymerizable resins for use in a variety of dental polymer applications. RP STANSBURY, JW (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,BLDG 224-RM A-143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [01-DE-30001] NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1115 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA RD305 UT WOS:A1995RD30500012 PM 7782542 ER PT J AU GABARD, T NIKITIN, A CHAMPION, JP PIERRE, G PINE, AS AF GABARD, T NIKITIN, A CHAMPION, JP PIERRE, G PINE, AS TI 2NU(3)-BAND OF (CF4)-C-12 AND ITS SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS WITH NU(3) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RADIOFREQUENCY DOUBLE-RESONANCE; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIAL FUNCTION; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; Q-BRANCH; CF4; MOLECULES AB A nearly Doppler-limited spectrum of the 2 nu(3) band of the (CF4)-C-12 molecule between 2536.0 and 2599.8 cm(-1) was recorded at T = 77 K using difference-frequency laser spectroscopy. The simultaneous analysis of the ground (G.S.), upsilon(3) = 1, and upsilon(3) = 2 states was performed using an isolated band model to sixth order in the tetrahedral formalism. Fourteen hundred seventy-five transitions were assigned through J = 35 to the F-2 and E vibrational components of the upsilon(3) = 2 level. A total of 1864 transition frequencies were fit simultaneously (1000 2 nu(3) - G.S. newly assigned transitions together with 575 nu(3) - G.S. and 289 nu(3) - nu(3) transitions already reported in the literature). The ground state constants were improved. Interactions with the nu(3) + 2 nu(4) and 4 nu(4) bands are proposed to explain some of the discrepancies observed in the 2 nu(3) band. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER OPT,THEORET SPECT LAB,TOMSK 634055,RUSSIA. RP GABARD, T (reprint author), UNIV BOURGOGNE,CNRS,URA 1796,PHYS LAB,6 BD GABRIEL,F-21000 DIJON,FRANCE. RI Champion, Jean-Paul/C-3963-2009; Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013 OI Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 170 IS 2 BP 431 EP 448 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1083 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QT231 UT WOS:A1995QT23100012 ER PT J AU LOVAS, FJ BELOV, SP TRETYAKOV, MY STAHL, W SUENRAM, RD AF LOVAS, FJ BELOV, SP TRETYAKOV, MY STAHL, W SUENRAM, RD TI THE A-TYPE K=0 MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM OF THE METHANOL DIMER SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ACETALDEHYDE AB The rotational spectrum of(CH3OH)(2) has been observed in the region 4-22 GHz with pulsed-beam Fabry-Perot cavity Fourier-transform microwave spectrometers at NIST and at the University of Kiel. Each a-type R(J), K-a = 0 transition is split into 15 states by tunneling motions for (CH3OH)(2), ((CH3OH)-C-13)(2), (CH3OD)(2), (CD3OH)(2), and (CD3OH)(2). The preliminary analysis of the methyl internal rotation presented here was guided by the previously developed multidimensional tunneling theory which predicts 16 tunneling components for each R(J) transition from 25 distinct tunneling motions. Several isotopically mixed dimers of methanol have also been measured, namely (CH3OH)-C-13, CH3OD, CD3OH, and CD3OD bound to (CH3OH)-C-12. Since the hydrogen bond interchange motion (which converts a donor into an acceptor) would produce a new and less favorable conformation from an energy viewpoint, it does not occur and only 10 tunneling components are observed for these mixed dimers. The structure of the complex is similar to that of water dimer with a hydrogen bond distance of 2.035 Angstrom and a tilt of the acceptor methanol of 84 degrees from the O-H-O axis. The effective barrier to internal rotation for the donor methyl group of (CH3OH)(2) is V-3 = 183.0 cm(-1) and is one-half of the value for the methanol monomer (370 cm(-1)), while the barrier to internal rotation of the acceptor methyl group is 120 cm(-1). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 170 IS 2 BP 478 EP 492 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1086 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QT231 UT WOS:A1995QT23100015 ER PT J AU OHASHI, N HOUGEN, JT AF OHASHI, N HOUGEN, JT TI ANALYSIS AND GLOBAL FIT OF TUNNELING SPLITTINGS IN THE K=0 A-TYPE MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM OF THE METHANOL DIMER SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Theoretical results previously developed using an internal-axis-method-like multidimensional tunneling formalism are applied to recently measured tunneling splitting patterns for a-type R(J) microwave transitions in 10 different isotopomers of the methanol dimer. Permutation-inversion group G(36) species assignments for the 16 tunneling components of a given R(J) transition (split by 25 different tunneling motions) are presented for 0 less than or equal to J less than or equal to 4 for the normal isotopomer. Permutation-inversion group G(18) species assignments for the 10 tunneling components of a given R(J) transition (split by 13 different tunneling motions) are presented for 0 less than or equal to J less than or equal to 3 for the two mixed C-12, C-13 isotopomers. As a first stage of the analysis, a simplified two-top treatment of suitably averaged measured line frequencies is carried out in which only the(dominant) tunneling splittings arising from internal rotation of the two methyl tops of the dimer are considered. Relatively large top-top interaction terms must be included in this two-top treatment, which is surprising in view of the large distance between the two methyl rotors in the methanol dimer. As a second stage of the analysis, a tunneling treatment taking into account all tunneling splittings is carried out. Because only K = 0 a-type transitions are considered, some ambiguity remains in the symmetry assignments and tunneling parameters reported in this work. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP OHASHI, N (reprint author), KANAZAWA UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA 92011,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 170 IS 2 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1087 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QT231 UT WOS:A1995QT23100016 ER PT J AU TARPEY, T AF TARPEY, T TI PRINCIPAL POINTS AND SELF-CONSISTENT POINTS OF SYMMETRICAL MULTIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ELLIPTIC DISTRIBUTIONS; K-MEANS CLUSTERING; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; STRONGLY UNIMODAL DISTRIBUTIONS ID CURVES AB The k principal points xi(1), ..., xi(k) of a random vector X are the points that approximate the distribution of X by minimizing the expected squared distance of X to the nearest of the xi(j). A given set of k points y(1), ..., y(k) partition R(p) into domains of attraction D-1, ..., D-k respectively, where D,consists of all points x is an element of R(p) such that \\x - y(j)\\ < \\x - y(j)\\, l not equal j. If E[x parallel to X is an element of D-j] = y(j) for each j, then y(1), ..., y(k) are k self-consistent points of X (\\.\\ is the Euclidian norm). Principal points are a special case of self-consistent points. Principal points and sell-consistent points are cluster means of a distribution and represent a generalization of the population mean from one to several points. Principal points and self-consistent points are studied for a class of strongly symmetric multivariate distributions. A distribution is strongly symmetric if the distribution of the principal components (Z(1), ..., Z(p))' is invariant up to sign changes, i.e., (Z(1), ..., Z(p))' has the same distribution as (+/-Z(1), ..., +/-Z(p))'. Elliptical distributions belong to the class of strongly symmetric distributions. Several results are given for principal points and self-consistent points of strongly symmetric multivariate distributions. One result relates self-consistent points to principal component subspaces. Another result provides a sufficient condition for any set of self-consistent points lying on a line to be symmetric to the mean of the distribution. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0047-259X J9 J MULTIVARIATE ANAL JI J. Multivar. Anal. PD APR PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1006/jmva.1995.1023 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA QR778 UT WOS:A1995QR77800003 ER PT J AU LIU, ZY PHILANDER, SGH AF LIU, ZY PHILANDER, SGH TI HOW DIFFERENT WIND STRESS PATTERNS AFFECT THE TROPICAL SUBTROPICAL CIRCULATIONS OF THE UPPER OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MODEL; ATLANTIC; TRITIUM; WATER AB An oceanic GCM is used to investigate the response of the tropical and subtropical thermocline circulation and structure to different wind stress patterns. Although the subtropical winds do not affect the transport or the speed of the Equatorial Undercurrent significantly, they do change the equatorial temperature field in the lower part of the equatorial thermocline significantly. A weaker subtropical wind curl causes a cooling of the subsurface equatorial region and, hence. an intensification of the equatorial thermocline. A weakening of the subtropical wind curl by a factor of 2 cools the equatorial lower thermocline water by 2 degrees C. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,UCAR VISITING SCIENTIST PROGRAM,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanog. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 449 EP 462 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0449:HDWSPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QT224 UT WOS:A1995QT22400001 ER PT J AU PAUL, RL AF PAUL, RL TI THE USE OF ELEMENT RATIOS TO ELIMINATE ANALYTICAL BIAS IN COLD NEUTRON PROMPT GAMMA-RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Analytical bias due to neutron scattering and absorption in cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) is largely eliminated for homogeneous samples when element ratios are measured. Application of sensitivity ratios (measured relative to titanium) to the multielement analysis of the Allende meteorite increases both the speed and accuracy of the measurement. Greater measurement accuracy is achieved for some samples when ratios of element concentrations are reported. Problems are encountered when applying the ratio method to measurement of elements which deviate from 1/upsilon behavior, and when gamma-ray attenuation or sample heterogeneity are significant. RP PAUL, RL (reprint author), NIST,DEPT COMMERCE TECHNOL ADM,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD APR PY 1995 VL 191 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF02038220 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA QZ715 UT WOS:A1995QZ71500003 ER PT J AU GABRIELSON, TB GARDNER, DL GARRETT, SL AF GABRIELSON, TB GARDNER, DL GARRETT, SL TI A SIMPLE NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SENSOR FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE-VELOCITY AND INTENSITY IN WATER SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; PRESSURE; SPHERE C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,EDD,SEATTLE,WA 98115. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP GABRIELSON, TB (reprint author), NAWC,DIV AIRCRAFT,CODE 45544,WARMINSTER,PA 18974, USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 1995 VL 97 IS 4 BP 2227 EP 2237 DI 10.1121/1.411948 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA QR369 UT WOS:A1995QR36900025 ER PT J AU XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S WANG, YS AF XU, HHK JAHANMIR, S WANG, YS TI EFFECT OF GRAIN-SIZE ON SCRATCH INTERACTIONS AND MATERIAL REMOVAL IN ALUMINA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; STRENGTH; DEPENDENCE; FRACTURE; DAMAGE AB Dramatic effects of scratch interactions on material removal are observed in alumina. A series of parallel scratches are made in aluminas with different grain sizes to investigate the influence of scratch interactions on the material removal process in abrasive machining. The separation distance between the two scratches and the normal load are varied and subsurface microfracture and damage modes are examined to assess the mechanisms of material removal. A Very small amount of material is removed when the separation distance between the two parallel scratches is large or when the two scratches completely ovrlap. However, at intermediate distances the volume of material removed increases dramatically as a result of the interactions between the two scratches. The maximum amount of material removed and the corresponding distance between the two scratches are found to depend strongly on the grain size and the load. Observations of surface and subsurface damage reveal that grain dislodgement is the predominant mechanism of material removal, irrespective of the grain size. The relation between grain size, scratch interactions, and the material removal process in grinding and abrasive machining of ceramics is discussed in terms of the short-crack toughness of ceramics. RP XU, HHK (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08409.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA QT907 UT WOS:A1995QT90700006 ER PT J AU PAJARES, A GUIBERTEAU, F LAWN, BR AF PAJARES, A GUIBERTEAU, F LAWN, BR TI HERTZIAN CONTACT DAMAGE IN MAGNESIA-PARTIALLY-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID GRAIN-SIZE; INDENTATION; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; CRACKS; WEAR AB Hertzian contact damage in magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia is examined. Ceramographic techniques and acoustic emission reveal the damage patterns to be fundamentally different in the as-fired, peak-aged, and over-aged states. Indentation stress-strain curves show that the plasticity component of the contact deformation increases monotonically with aging time. Whereas the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation plays an important role in the peak-aged material, alternative deformation processes dominate in the other states: microcracking in as-fired, and monoclinic twinning in over-aged. C1 CSIRO, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, CLAYTON, VIC 3169, AUSTRALIA. RP PAJARES, A (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1086 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08442.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA QT907 UT WOS:A1995QT90700039 ER PT J AU MO, KC NOGUESPAEGLE, J PAEGLE, J AF MO, KC NOGUESPAEGLE, J PAEGLE, J TI PHYSICAL-MECHANISMS OF THE 1993 SUMMER FLOODS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset and maintenance of the 1993 summer floods were examined using the localized Eliassen-Palm flux diagnostics and solutions of a single-level primitive equation model linearized about a meridionally varying basic state. The unusually long persistent summer pattern is linked with the marked transient eddy activity in late May and June. The feedback of eddies in the time mean flow caused a strengthening and eastward extension of the Pacific jet and a strengthening of the jet over North America. Results from the model suggest that the summer pattern may be interpreted as that of a lee trough forced by the Rocky Mountains in the presence of a strong westerly mean how maintained by the eddies upstream. Composites from cases similar to that of the 1993 summer exhibit strong low-level southerly how east of the Rockies and suggest that the low-level jet may be an important mechanism to sustain the anomalous rainfall. It is concluded that the effect of the eddies in maintaining a strong upper-level zonal flow, the role of the Rockies in sustaining a lee trough, and an associated low-level jet that brings in tropical moisture are essential ingredients in developing and maintaining floodlike conditions over the central United States. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT METEOROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 19 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 7 BP 879 EP 895 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<0879:PMOTSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QT709 UT WOS:A1995QT70900007 ER PT J AU OOZEKI, Y BAILEY, KM AF OOZEKI, Y BAILEY, KM TI ONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTIVE ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE; LABORATORY-REARED LARVAE; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS L; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; STOCKING DENSITY; FISH LARVAE; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; TRYPSIN AB Activities of digestive enzymes trypsin, amylase and lipase in laboratory-reared walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, were measured from hatching to Day 39 (just before notochord flexion) in 1993. All measurements were conducted individually or semi-individually (groups of two larvae of the same standard length). Close relationships between digestive enzyme activities and morphological development of digestive organs were observed. Activities of trypsin and lipase were low during the transition period from endogenous to exogenous energy. Amylase activity was constant with large variance during the same period. Specific enzyme activities of trypsin and amylase indicated high values with large variance during the early period. All three enzyme activities increased with age after the transition period, and the specific enzyme activities became constant. The existence of two types of lipase was suggested. One lipase showed a peak of specific activity at Day 4 and might be related to yolk-sac absorption. The activity of the other lipase increased with age after Day 14 and might be related to digestion of prey lipid. Our results suggest that digestive enzymes included in food organisms supplement larval pollock digestive enzymes. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP OOZEKI, Y (reprint author), JAPAN FISHERIES AGCY,TOHOKU NATL FISHERIES RES INST,3-27-5 SHINHAMA CHO,SHIOGAMA,MIYAGI 985,JAPAN. NR 43 TC 70 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 122 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QX953 UT WOS:A1995QX95300002 ER PT J AU SMALL, RJ DEMASTER, DP AF SMALL, RJ DEMASTER, DP TI SURVIVAL OF 5 SPECIES OF CAPTIVE MARINE MAMMALS SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SURVIVAL; MARINE MAMMALS; CAPTIVITY; HUSBANDRY AB Survival in captivity was calculated for 1,707 bottlenose dolphins (ED), 72 killer whales (KW), 73 white whales (WW), 3,090 California sea lions (CSL), and 47 Steller sea lions (SSL) based on data in the Marine Mammal Inventory Report (MMIR) of the NMFS. Mean annual survival rates (ASRs) between 1988 and 1992 were 0.951, 0.937, and 0.954 for ED, KW, and WW, respectively, and 0.952 and 0.969 for CSL and SSL, respectively. These estimates represent significant increases in survival for both ED and CSL over the last 5 yr. Using all of the MMIR data (1940-1992), the ASR of ED calves (< 1 yr of age) was significantly less than the ASR of non-calves (0.666 vs, 0.948, P < 0.001). Similarly, the ASR of CSL pups (< 1 yr of age) was significantly less than survival of non-pups (0.858 vs. 0.962, P < 0.001). Survival of captive-born CSL was significantly higher than, those born in the wild (0.962 vs. 0.945, P = 0.003), but the difference was not significantly different for ED (0.948 vs. 0.944, P = 0.60). For non-calf ED and KW, captive animals survived at a slightly lower rate (ED 0.944 vs. 0.961, P = 0.07; KW 0.938 vs. 0.976, P < 0.001) than animals in the wild (ED: Wells and Scott 1990, KW: Olesiuk et al. 1990). Survival of captive non-pup SSL was slightly higher (0.968 vs. 0.930) than animals in the wild (York 1994, life-table analyses). Survival rates were significantly different among institutions for ED calves and non-calves, CSL pups and non-pups, and SSL non-pups. RP SMALL, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 93 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00519.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA QX646 UT WOS:A1995QX64600008 ER PT J AU SHELDEN, KEW BALDRIDGE, A WITHROW, DE AF SHELDEN, KEW BALDRIDGE, A WITHROW, DE TI OBSERVATIONS OF RISSOS DOLPHINS, GRAMPUS-GRISEUS WITH GRAY WHALES, ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOPKINS MARINE STN,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. RP SHELDEN, KEW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00521.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA QX646 UT WOS:A1995QX64600010 ER PT J AU PERRIN, WF ARMSTRONG, WA BAKER, AN BARLOW, J BENSON, SR COLLET, AS COTTON, JM EVERHART, DM FARLEY, TD MELLON, RM MILLER, SK PHILBRICK, V QUAN, JL RODRIGUEZ, HRL AF PERRIN, WF ARMSTRONG, WA BAKER, AN BARLOW, J BENSON, SR COLLET, AS COTTON, JM EVERHART, DM FARLEY, TD MELLON, RM MILLER, SK PHILBRICK, V QUAN, JL RODRIGUEZ, HRL TI AN ANOMALOUSLY PIGMENTED FORM OF THE SHORT-BEAKED COMMON DOLPHIN (DELPHINUS-DELPHIS) FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC, EASTERN PACIFIC, AND EASTERN ATLANTIC SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MUSEUM NEW ZEALAND,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. CTR NATL ETUD MAMMIFERES MARINS,MUSEE OCEANOG,F-17000 LA ROCHELLE,FRANCE. PROGRAMA NACL APROVECHAMIENTO ATUN & PROTECC DELF,ENSENADA,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. RP PERRIN, WF (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA QX646 UT WOS:A1995QX64600011 ER PT J AU BECKER, PR MACKEY, EA DEMIRALP, R SUYDAM, R EARLY, G KOSTER, BJ WISE, SA AF BECKER, PR MACKEY, EA DEMIRALP, R SUYDAM, R EARLY, G KOSTER, BJ WISE, SA TI RELATIONSHIP OF SILVER WITH SELENIUM AND MERCURY IN THE LIVER OF 2 SPECIES OF TOOTHED WHALES (ODONTOCETES) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; MARINE MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; ELEMENTS; CONTAMINANTS; GREENLAND; CADMIUM; TISSUES; ZINC; RAT AB Liver specimens archived in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank from beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, and from Alaska and pilot whales, Globicephala melas, from the North Atlantic were analysed for silver, selenium and total mercury. Silver concentrations in beluga whales were one to three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in pilot whales and those reported elsewhere for other marine mammals. The concentrations of silver in the livers of beluga whales were the same or in some instances higher than the concentrations of selenium or mercury. Like mercury, silver was positively correlated with selenium in both pilot and beluga whales. This suggests a possible role for selenium in the accumulation and storage of silver in both species of whales, and raises questions about the potential for silver at such high concentrations to affect radical-scavenging enzyme systems in these marine mammals. C1 NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. N SLOPE BOROUGH DEPT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, BARROW, AK 99723 USA. NEW ENGLAND AQUARIUM, BOSTON, MA 02110 USA. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, OFF PROTECTED RESOURCES, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 54 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(94)00176-A PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QX240 UT WOS:A1995QX24000011 ER PT J AU KAETZEL, LJ CLIFTON, JR AF KAETZEL, LJ CLIFTON, JR TI EXPERT/KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS FOR MATERIALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY - STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article RP KAETZEL, LJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E & FN SPON PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0025-5432 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 177 BP 160 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF02473222 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA QU706 UT WOS:A1995QU70600004 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, DB AF SULLIVAN, DB TI THE EFFECT OF MATERIALS ON TIME SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP SULLIVAN, DB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA QT775 UT WOS:A1995QT77500014 ER PT J AU LEBLANC, L ROSS, GG WALLACE, WE AF LEBLANC, L ROSS, GG WALLACE, WE TI MEASURED STOPPING POWERS OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM IN POLYSTYRENE NEAR THEIR MAXIMUM VALUES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION METHODS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONS; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS; STATE AB Rutherford backscattering at two different angles on multilayer targets is used to measure the stopping powers of hydrogen and helium ions in polystyrene in the energy range near their maximum values. In the energy range from 40 to 300 keV/amu, the hydrogen stopping power reaches a maximum value of 9.8 eV/(10(15) atoms/cm(2)) at 81 keV/amu. As the energy increases from 25 to 90 keV/amu, the helium stopping power increases from 15.7 to 26.0 eV/(10(15) atoms/cm(2)). Identical results (in keV/amu energy units) were obtained for H-2 and H-1, as well as for He-4 and He-3. The hydrogen and helium measured stopping power values are compared to the results calculated from two empirical models (Bragg's rule and the cores-and-bonds model). A function has been fit to the experimental data, including those previously published, which permits rapid calculation of the stopping powers. C1 UNIV QUEBEC,INRS ENERGIE & MAT,VARENNES,PQ J3X 1S2,CANADA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(94)00606-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA QT045 UT WOS:A1995QT04500001 ER PT J AU FOURQUREAN, JW POWELL, GVN KENWORTHY, WJ ZIEMAN, JC AF FOURQUREAN, JW POWELL, GVN KENWORTHY, WJ ZIEMAN, JC TI THE EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM MANIPULATION OF NUTRIENT SUPPLY ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THE SEAGRASSES THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM AND HALODULE-WRIGHTII IN FLORIDA BAY SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FIELD PLANT-COMMUNITIES; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SEED-GERMINATION; TROPICAL ESTUARY; COCKBURN SOUND; SUCCESSION AB Long term (8 yr) continuous fertilization (via application of bird feces) of established seagrass beds in Florida Bay, FL, USA caused a change in the dominant seagrass species. Before fertilization, the seagrass beds were a Thalassia testudinum monoculture; after 8 yr of fertilization the seagrass Halodule wrightii made up 97% of the aboveground biomass. Fertilization had a positive effect on the standing crop of T. testudinum for the first two years of the experiment. The transition from T. testudinum-dominated to H. wrightii-dominated was dependent on the timing of colonization of the sites by H. wrightii; the decrease in T. testudinum standing crop and density at the fertilized sites occurred only after the colonization of the sites by H. wrightii. There were no trends in the standing crop or density of T. testudinum at control sites,and none of the control sites were colonized by H. wrightii. The effects of fertilization on these seagrass beds persisted at least 8 yr after the cessation of nutrient addition, suggesting that these systems retain and recycle acquired nutrients efficiently. Results of these experiments suggest that Halodule wrightii, the normal early-successional seagrass during secondary succession in Caribbean seagrass communities, has a higher nutrient demand than Thalassia testudinum, the normal late successional species, and that the replacement of H. wrightii by T. testudinum during secondary succession is due to the ability of T. testudinum to draw nutrient availability below the requirements of H. wrightii. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. CTR TROP CONSERVAT,RARE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 NR 51 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 31 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.2307/3546120 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RH160 UT WOS:A1995RH16000007 ER PT J AU YOUNG, M AF YOUNG, M TI ETALON EFFECTS IN LASER MIRRORS - COMMENT SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Note RP YOUNG, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECTR,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1243 EP 1243 DI 10.1117/12.203074 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA QT361 UT WOS:A1995QT36100044 ER PT J AU CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P AF CIRAC, JI LEWENSTEIN, M ZOLLER, P TI GENERALIZED BOSE-EINSTEIN DISTRIBUTIONS AND MULTISTABILITY OF A LASER-COOLED GAS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; TRAP; MOTION C1 NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CASTILLA LA MANCHA,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM,DEPT FIS APLICADA,E-13071 CIUDAD REAL,SPAIN. POLISH ACAD SCI,CTR FIZ TEORETZCZNEJ,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. RP CIRAC, JI (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2899 EP 2907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.2899 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA QT401 UT WOS:A1995QT40100035 ER PT J AU JEFFERTS, SR MONROE, C BELL, EW WINELAND, DJ AF JEFFERTS, SR MONROE, C BELL, EW WINELAND, DJ TI COAXIAL-RESONATOR-DRIVEN RF (PAUL) TRAP FOR STRONG CONFINEMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; ATOMS RP JEFFERTS, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 NR 28 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 3112 EP 3116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3112 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA QT401 UT WOS:A1995QT40100062 ER PT J AU GUO, J COOPER, J AF GUO, J COOPER, J TI COOLING AND RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE OF 2 ATOMS IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL MOLASSES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE COLLISIONS; 2 IDENTICAL ATOMS; RADIATION PRESSURE; LASER; SYSTEM; FIELD; TRAP C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GUO, J (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 3128 EP 3135 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.3128 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA QT401 UT WOS:A1995QT40100065 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, NR MYATT, CJ WIEMAN, CE AF NEWBURY, NR MYATT, CJ WIEMAN, CE TI S-WAVE ELASTIC COLLISIONS BETWEEN COLD GROUND-STATE RB-87 ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP R2680 EP R2683 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.R2680 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA QT401 UT WOS:A1995QT40100006 ER PT J AU BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW BERRY, SD LIND, DM ANKNER, JF LOCHNER, E SHAW, KA HILTON, D AF BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW BERRY, SD LIND, DM ANKNER, JF LOCHNER, E SHAW, KA HILTON, D TI LONG-RANGE MAGNETIC ORDER IN FE3O4/NIO SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; COO-NIO SUPERLATTICES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES; COO/NIO SUPERLATTICES; STRUCTURAL REFINEMENT; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,CTR MAT RES & TECHNOL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BORCHERS, JA (reprint author), NIST,CTR RADIAT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hilton, David/F-3796-2017; OI Hilton, David/0000-0003-2265-6812; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 13 BP 8276 EP 8286 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.8276 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QR978 UT WOS:A1995QR97800031 ER PT J AU MAY, PT ECKLUND, WL HESS, GD AF MAY, PT ECKLUND, WL HESS, GD TI SPECTRAL AND BISPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND VARIABILITY AT DARWIN, AUSTRALIA OBSERVED BY A VHF RADAR WIND PROFILER SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRUM; UNIVERSAL SPECTRUM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MST RADAR; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; TROPOSPHERE; SATURATION; STRATOSPHERE; CLIMATOLOGY AB A year of wind data measured by a 50 MHz wind profiler at Darwin, Australia are analysed. The behaviour of vertical motions in the precipitation-free boundary layer is shown to be different from the free troposphere. However, these differences are not reflected in the spectral characteristics of the horizontal wind fields. There are no significant differences between the horizontal-velocity spectra above and within the mixed layer. The power spectra of the horizontal winds show little seasonal differences for the monsoon, dry and transition seasons as well as for the data set overall. The bispectral characteristics are also similar, with the strongest interactions between the lowest frequencies, and a weak self-interaction peak at low frequencies. A cross-peak in the zonal wind above 5 km is also present for frequency sums corresponding to a period of around 10 days. There are no detectable nonlinear interactions at high frequencies. The wind field is not strongly polarized except at the very lowest frequencies (i.e. seasonal changes). Thus there appears to be universality of the spectral characteristics observed despite the expected variations in the forcing in different seasons and stability regimes. These observations have interesting implications for internal-wave models and two-dimensional turbulence models of mesoscale variability. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MAY, PT (reprint author), BUR METEOROL RES CTR,GPO BOX 1289K,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 121 IS 523 BP 527 EP 544 PN A PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ800 UT WOS:A1995QZ80000003 ER PT J AU LINDNER, J LUNDBERG, JK WILLIAMS, RM LEONE, SR AF LINDNER, J LUNDBERG, JK WILLIAMS, RM LEONE, SR TI PULSE-TO-PULSE NORMALIZATION OF TIME-RESOLVED FOURIER-TRANSFORM EMISSION EXPERIMENTS IN THE NEAR-INFRARED SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; FTIR EMISSION; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAGMENT; DYNAMICS; CHANNEL; STATE; ATOMS C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LINDNER, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 1995 VL 66 IS 4 BP 2812 EP 2817 DI 10.1063/1.1145560 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QT331 UT WOS:A1995QT33100010 ER PT J AU NEUMAN, JA WANG, P GALLAGHER, A AF NEUMAN, JA WANG, P GALLAGHER, A TI ROBUST HIGH-TEMPERATURE SAPPHIRE CELL FOR METAL VAPORS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP NEUMAN, JA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 1995 VL 66 IS 4 BP 3021 EP 3023 DI 10.1063/1.1145589 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA QT331 UT WOS:A1995QT33100042 ER PT J AU CHADWICK, WW MILBURN, HB EMBLEY, RW AF CHADWICK, WW MILBURN, HB EMBLEY, RW TI ACOUSTIC EXTENSOMETER - MEASURING MID-OCEAN SPREADING SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP CHADWICK, WW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 4 BP 33 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA QU451 UT WOS:A1995QU45100006 ER PT J AU HUANG, PH AF HUANG, PH TI SENSOR CALIBRATION OF A SAW RESONATOR FOR ABSOLUTE-HUMIDITY MEASUREMENTS IN MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGES SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors CY JUL 11-14, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY DE HUMIDITY SENSORS; MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGES; SAW RESONATOR; SENSOR CALIBRATION ID WATER AB This paper describes sensor calibration of a SAW resonator using the NIST two-pressure humidity generator as the reference standard. It involves saturating a continuous steam of air with vapor from pure water in the saturator at a constant pressure and temperature. The saturated air then flows through an expansion valve where it is isothermally expanded into a test chamber at a lower pressure, usually atmospheric pressure. The SAW sensor is connected to an outlet of the test chamber. Accurate measurements of the pressure and temperature within the saturator and the SAW sensor are made to determine the water-vapor content of the air stream in the sensor. Changes in resonance frequency of the sensor are measured as a function of water-vapor concentration in moist air in the range 2000-7000 ppm, corresponding to absolute humidity of water-vapor density of 1.4-4.8 g m(-3). RP HUANG, PH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 686 EP 688 DI 10.1016/0925-4005(95)85151-8 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA RN870 UT WOS:A1995RN87000082 ER PT J AU KRUG, F SCHOBER, T PAUL, R SPRINGER, T AF KRUG, F SCHOBER, T PAUL, R SPRINGER, T TI INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDROGEN UPTAKE OF DOPED SRCEO3 BY TEM, THERMOGRAVIMETRY AND COLD NEUTRON PROMPT GAMMA-ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS (CNPGAA) SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Conference on Solid State Protonic Conductors (SSPC VII) CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1994 CL SCHWABISCH GMUND, GERMANY SP DEUT FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCH, MAX PLANCK GESELL FORDER WISSENSCH E V, INT SCI FDN, HOECHST AG, BAYER AG, DEGUSSA DE STRONTIUM CERATE; MICROSTRUCTURE; COLD NEUTRON PROMPT GAMMA ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (CNPGAA); SRCEO3 AB The microstructure of doped strontium cerate was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using thermogravimetry (TG) the temperature dependence of water uptake in atmospheres with different water and oxygen pressures was examined in situ. Absolute hydrogen contents of precharged samples were obtained by cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA). C1 NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP KRUG, F (reprint author), FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, POSTFACH 1913, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD APR PY 1995 VL 77 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0167-2738(94)00267-V PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA QY843 UT WOS:A1995QY84300032 ER PT J AU GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K DAY, P STALICK, JK AF GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K DAY, P STALICK, JK TI STRUCTURE AND CONDUCTIVITY OF LAYERED OXIDES (BA,SR)(N+1)(SN,SB)(N)O-3N+1 SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 94) CY JUL 24-29, 1994 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BAPB1-XBIXO3; SYSTEM AB Structures of various members of the Ruddlesdon-Popper homologous series, (Ba,Sr)(n+1)(Sn,Sb)(n)O-3n+1, solved by Rietveld refinement of powder neutron diffraction data are summarised. Predictions of band gaps are made on the basis of extended Huckel calculations. C1 UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RES RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP GREEN, MA (reprint author), UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, 21 ALBEMARLE ST, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND. RI Prassides, Kosmas/C-9804-2009 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 1617 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/0379-6779(94)02977-7 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA QT326 UT WOS:A1995QT32600035 ER PT J AU GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K DAY, P NEUMANN, DA AF GREEN, MA PRASSIDES, K DAY, P NEUMANN, DA TI LATTICE-DYNAMICS OF BA1-XKXBIO3 SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 94) CY JUL 24-29, 1994 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID STATES AB Neutron weighted density-of-states measurements of Ba1-xKxBiO3 are presented which show pronounced changes as a function of both temperature and Bi oxidation states. Information is gained on both the structural and metal-insulator transitions occurring with increased potassium doping. Phonon anomalies associated with the appearance of a superconducting energy gap gives strong evidence of electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity via a conventional BCS mechanism. C1 UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RES RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP GREEN, MA (reprint author), UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, 21 ALBEMARLE ST, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND. RI Prassides, Kosmas/C-9804-2009 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 1619 EP 1620 DI 10.1016/0379-6779(94)02978-8 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA QT326 UT WOS:A1995QT32600036 ER PT J AU GREEN, MA KURMOO, M STALICK, JK DAY, P AF GREEN, MA KURMOO, M STALICK, JK DAY, P TI NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF GECUO3 SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 94) CY JUL 24-29, 1994 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA AB Crystal structure of CuGeO3, which has been reported to undergo a spin-Peierls transition at 14 K, has been determined by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 20 and 4.2 K. The structure has been refined in the space group Pmma, ie without displacement of the Cu atoms from a one-dimensional chain. Anisotropic broadening of (h01) reflections, observed in all three sets, is modelled bu an orthorhombic micro-strain along a and c, perpendicular to the Cu-Cu chains. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV RES RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP GREEN, MA (reprint author), UCL ROYAL INST GREAT BRITAIN, 21 ALBEMARLE ST, LONDON W1X 4BS, ENGLAND. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1-3 BP 1927 EP 1928 DI 10.1016/0379-6779(94)03111-I PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA QT326 UT WOS:A1995QT32600169 ER PT J AU BELIAEFF, B AF BELIAEFF, B TI THE MOST PROBABLE NUMBER ESTIMATES AND THE USEFULNESS OF CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS - REPLY SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP BELIAEFF, B (reprint author), NOAA,NORCA21,SSMC 4,1305 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(95)90016-0 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA QK247 UT WOS:A1995QK24700029 ER PT J AU HANSON, SG ZAVOROTNY, VU AF HANSON, SG ZAVOROTNY, VU TI POLARIZATION DEPENDENCY OF ENHANCED MULTIPATH RADAR BACKSCATTERING FROM AN OCEAN-LIKE SURFACE SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Letter AB Previous analyses of electromagnetic scattering from a two-scale ocean surface assumed the tilts on a large-scale surface to be small. This means that multiple scattering between large-scale roughnesses is insignificant. If the tilts are not small, multipath-enhanced backscattering may occur due to quasi-specular reflections between the opposite slopes of a large-scale surface component. We have considered the simplest situation; this involves one reflection from the large-scale component and one single-scattering from the small-scale component. The coherent addition of this process to the reciprocally reverse one creates multipath-enhanced backscattering. The relative gain in the HH backscattering cross section up to the level of the VV signal was obtained for surface-wave slopes of about 30 degrees and for large incidence angles. This gain occurs because the VV signal experiences an extinction during reflection at incident angles close to the pseudo-Brewster angle. The presented model provides insight into one scattering mechanism that is possibly responsible for the departure of radar sea experimental data from predictions by the conventional two-scale model. RP HANSON, SG (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Hanson, Steen/E-6542-2010 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD APR PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/5/2/001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QW060 UT WOS:A1995QW06000001 ER PT J AU TATARSKII, VI AF TATARSKII, VI TI CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONAL FOR ONE CLASS OF NON-GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTIONS SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article AB A generalization of Poissonian random functions is presented. A characteristic functional is derived that includes four arbitrary functions: the generating function of the factorial moments for the number of bursts; the probability density function for the positions of bursts; the characteristic function for the amplitudes of bursts; and the function describing the shape of a burst depending on its position. In the case of the Poisson distribution of the number of bursts, uniform distribution of burst positions, and independence of the burst's shape on its position, this characteristic functional turns out to be known for Poissonian random functions. Many new formulae for the characteristic functional are presented. RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD APR PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/5/2/007 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QW060 UT WOS:A1995QW06000007 ER PT J AU QUINN, TP MADIGAN, RB MORNIS, MA SIEWERT, TA AF QUINN, TP MADIGAN, RB MORNIS, MA SIEWERT, TA TI CONTACT TUBE WEAR DETECTION IN GAS METAL ARC-WELDING SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CONTACT TUBE WEAR; TUBE WEAR DETECTION; ROBOTIC WELDING; WIRE TIP DISLOCATION; DOWNTIME REDUCTION; GMAW; WELDING CURRENT; WIRE FEED SPEED; SLIDING CONTACT; GAS METAL ARC WELDING AB A real-time algorithm has been developed to detect contact tube wear during gas metal are welding. The integral from 0.3 to 4 Hz of the power spectral density of voltage (constant current and pulsed current power sources) or current (constant voltage power sources) is called the wear parameter and is used to measure wear. The contact tube is predicted to be worn when the parameter grows nonlinearly or exceeds a threshold. For 11 contact tubes worn by welding on a rotating pipe, the wear parameter predicted the observed increase in the area of the contact tube's exit bore of 140% of the original area within a standard deviation of 20%. Welds were made with a constant voltage power source and with a pulsed current power source at two different voltages. The pulsed current welds were made with and without automatic voltage control by wire feed speed and with and without weaving in a V-groove. No significant differences were detected between the wear parameters for all test welds, indicating that the algorithm can be used under these welding conditions. RP QUINN, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 74 IS 4 BP S115 EP S121 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QQ031 UT WOS:A1995QQ03100019 ER PT J AU GEHRING, PM NEUMANN, DA KAMITAKAHARA, WA RUSH, JJ EATON, PE VANMEURS, DP AF GEHRING, PM NEUMANN, DA KAMITAKAHARA, WA RUSH, JJ EATON, PE VANMEURS, DP TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF THE LATTICE MODES OF SOLID CUBANE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID C-60; SPECTRA AB We use neutron time-of-flight scattering techniques to measure the low-frequency vibrational density of states of solid cubane at 100 and 300 K. Debye-like behavior is observed up to similar to 60 cm(-1) at both temperatures. At 100 K, the density of states exhibits three distinct peaks at 78, 94, and 114 cm(-1) before dropping to zero around 150 cm(-1). We identify the 114 cm(-1) peak with the E(g) librational mode of cubane based on the marked temperature dependence of its frequency and a comparison to Raman measurements. In similar fashion we identify the 94 cm(-1) peak with the A(g) librational mode. At 300 K, the librational modes have softened to the extent that the density of states exhibits a plateau-like feature between 60 and 100 cm(-1). This is consistent with reports of two Raman-active lattice modes at 63 and 85 cm(-1) having A(g) and E(g) symmetry, respectively. The energy scale associated with low-amplitude Librational excitations about an axis of 4-fold symmetry, calculated from the NMR-measured activation energy for reorientation E(a) = 58 +/- 6 kJ/mol, is of order 94 +/- 5 cm(-1), which is consistent with our observations. The heat capacity we calculate from the measured density of states agrees well with recent calorimetric data. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP GEHRING, PM (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 13 BP 4429 EP 4434 DI 10.1021/j100013a010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QQ601 UT WOS:A1995QQ60100010 ER PT J AU WLADKOWSKI, BD KRAUSS, M STEVENS, WJ AF WLADKOWSKI, BD KRAUSS, M STEVENS, WJ TI APICOPHILICITIES OF SUBSTITUTED OXYPHOSPHORANES - [P(OH)(4)X, PO-(OH)(3)X] SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; ELECTRON CORRELATION-ENERGY; PENTACOORDINATE PHOSPHORUS; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; 1ST-ROW ELEMENTS; 2ND-ROW ELEMENTS; PHOSPHATE; SOLVENT AB Axial- and equatorial-substituted pentacoordinate oxyphosphoranes, P(OH)(4)X, and oxyphosphorane monoanions, PO-(OH)(3)X, where X = OH, H, F, CH3, and NH2, have been studied using ab initio quantum chemical methods, leading to complete optimized structures, total energies, and harmonic vibrational frequencies for the most stable conformer of each compound. Thermodynamic results including gas-phase apicophilicities for each substituent as a function of protonation state along with estimates of the gas-phase proton affinity for each substituted oxyphosphorane monoanion are also presented. Split-valence basis sets ranging in quality from 3-21+G(d) to 6-311+G(d,p) are employed, and the effects of electron correlation on the structure and thermodynamics are estimated through the use of Moller-Plesset perturbation theory [MP2-MP4(SDTQ)]. The effect of aqueous solvation on the gas-phase apicophilicities is also estimated through the use of a continuum reaction field model. Final predictions for the gas-phase apicophilicities (kJ mol(-1)) determined at the MP4(SDTQ) 6-31+G(d)/MP2 6-31+G(d)+ZPVE level are F(+25.5) > OH(0.0) > H(-5.7) > CH3(-17.7) > NH2(-28.0) for the neutral oxyphosphoranes and F(+30.2) > H(+1.6) approximate to [CH3] approximate to OH(0.0) > NH2(-18.7) for the oxyphosphorane monoanions. Certain substituted oxyphosphoranes, including X = Cl and SH, are found to be unstable with respect to dissociation and thus are not considered. The effect of aqueous solvation, as estimated by a continuum reaction field, is modest and does not change the overall apicophilicity ordering significantly in either the neutral or anionic systems. Comparison is made with the corresponding hydrogen phosphoranes as well as the empirically based model of Holmes. RP NIST, CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL, 9600 GUDELSKY DR, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 13 BP 4490 EP 4500 DI 10.1021/j100013a019 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QQ601 UT WOS:A1995QQ60100019 ER PT J AU ALFASSI, ZB KHAIKIN, GI NETA, P AF ALFASSI, ZB KHAIKIN, GI NETA, P TI FORMATION AND REACTIVITY OF PYRIDYLPEROXYL RADICALS IN SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS ALCOHOL-SOLUTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; PEROXYL RADICALS; ORGANIC REDUCTANTS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; ANION RADICALS; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; RESONANCE AB 2-Pyridyl radicals were produced by the reaction of 2-chloro- or 2-bromopyridine with solvated electrons (k similar to 10(10) L mol(-1) s(-1)) and reacted rapidly with oxygen (k = 2.2 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) to produce the 2-pyridylperoxyl radical. This radical exhibits optical absorption in the visible range, with lambda(max) at 440 nm. 2-Pyridylperoxyl radical is a fairly strong oxidant, which reacts with 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate ion) (ABTS), chlorpromazine, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid(Trolox C) by one-electron oxidation. The rate constants k for these reactions, determined from the rate of formation of the one-electron oxidation products as a function of substrate concentration, vary between 2 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1) in various solvent mixtures. For each substrate, a good correlation was found between log k and the cohesive pressure of the solvent or solvent mixture, as found before for CCl3O2. radical reactions in nearly neat solvents. 3-Bromo, 3-chloro-, and 4-chloropyridine also reacted rapidly with solvated electrons, but their radical anions underwent protonation on the nitrogen in competition with the dehalogenation process. Therefore, no pyridylperoxyl radicals were formed from these species in aqueous solutions and only partial yield was found in neat methanol. C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 13 BP 4544 EP 4548 DI 10.1021/j100013a026 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QQ601 UT WOS:A1995QQ60100026 ER PT J AU KHAIKIN, GI NETA, P AF KHAIKIN, GI NETA, P TI FORMATION AND REACTIVITY OF VINYLPEROXYL RADICALS IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; PEROXYL RADICALS; ORGANIC REDUCTANTS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; REDUCTION; OXIDATION AB Vinyl, carboxyvinyl, and dicarboxyvinyl radicals were produced in irradiated aqueous solutions from acetylene and acetylenecarboxylic and acetylenedicarboxylic acid by addition of H atom to the triple bond or by reaction with e(aq)(-), followed by protonation. Vinyl and phenylvinyl radicals were produced by reductive dehalogenation of vinyl bromide and beta-bromostyrene with e(aq)(-). Ah these vinyl radicals react rapidly with oxygen to produce the corresponding vinylperoxyl radicals. Vinylperoxyl radicals exhibit optical absorptions in the UV (lambda(max) 250-290 nm) and in the visible range. The peaks in the visible range were at 440 nm for unsubstituted vinylperoxyl radical, between 480 and 520 nm for carboxylated vinylperoxyl, depending on pH and-number of carboxyl groups, and at 540 and 690 mm for (2-phenylvinyl)peroxyl. These vinylperoxyl radicals oxidize organic reductants such as 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate ion) (ABTS), chlorpromazine; ascorbate, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox C) with rate constants between 4 x 10(5) and 2 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1), depending on the radical and the reductant. Vinylperoxyl radicals are more reactive than similarly substituted alkylperoxyl; carboxyl and phenyl substituents on the. vinyl group increase the reactivity of the vinylperoxyl radical. C1 NIST, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 13 BP 4549 EP 4553 DI 10.1021/j100013a027 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QQ601 UT WOS:A1995QQ60100027 ER PT J AU GROSSMAN, EN VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA AF GROSSMAN, EN VALE, LR RUDMAN, DA TI MICROWAVE NOISE IN HIGH-T-C JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article RP GROSSMAN, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 13 BP 1680 EP 1682 DI 10.1063/1.113891 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QN767 UT WOS:A1995QN76700036 ER PT J AU GAVRIN, A KELLEY, MH XIAO, JQ CHIEN, CL AF GAVRIN, A KELLEY, MH XIAO, JQ CHIEN, CL TI DOMAIN-STRUCTURES IN MAGNETORESISTIVE GRANULAR METALS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILMS C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP GAVRIN, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTRON PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 13 BP 1683 EP 1685 DI 10.1063/1.113892 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QN767 UT WOS:A1995QN76700037 ER PT J AU DUDOWICZ, J FREED, KF DOUGLAS, JF AF DUDOWICZ, J FREED, KF DOUGLAS, JF TI MODIFICATION OF THE PHASE-STABILITY OF POLYMER BLENDS BY DIBLOCK COPOLYMER ADDITIVES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BINARY-FLUID MIXTURE; CRITICAL-POINT; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; MONOMER STRUCTURE; COMPRESSIBILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; CYCLOHEXANE; POLYSTYRENE; KINETICS AB The addition of a third component to a binary mixture usually alters the critical temperature and critical composition for phase separation. In practice, these shifts can be large, leading to both increasing and decreasing of the phase stability of the mixture. Lattice cluster theory calculations show that the addition of a small amount of A-b-B diblock copolymer to an A/B polymer blend shifts the phase boundary as ''impurities'' do in other fluid mixtures. The novel feature associated with the dilution of the blend by a diblock. copolymer additive is that both stabilization and destabilization can be achieved for certain conditions merely by ''tuning'' the asymmetry of the block lengths in the diblock copolymer. More substantial shifts are found in the phase diagram of a blend [polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether)] exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature. We also examine the relation between the shifts in the critical temperature and in the critical composition of the blend in order to compare with a phenomenological relation which is observed to apply for small molecule diluted mixtures. The shift of the; critical temperature is found to be approximately linearly related to the critical composition shift when the block copolymer is nearly symmetric, but no simple relation seems to exist for asymmetric diblock copolymers. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 27 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 7 BP 2276 EP 2287 DI 10.1021/ma00111a023 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QQ038 UT WOS:A1995QQ03800023 ER PT J AU ARRIVO, SM DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ AF ARRIVO, SM DOUGHERTY, TP GRUBBS, WT HEILWEIL, EJ TI ULTRAFAST INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF VIBRATIONAL CO-STRETCH UP-PUMPING AND RELAXATION DYNAMICS OF W(CO)(6) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB The ultrafast infrared (IR) vibrational up-pumping and energy relaxation dynamics are reported of the T-1st CO-stretching manifold of W(CO)(6) in room temperature n-hexane solution. The frequency and energy content of the tunable 2 ps IR pump pulse strongly influences the distribution of vibrational level population. With broadband transient IR absorption spectroscopy, vibrational T-1 lifetimes of the overtone states of W(CO)(6) were directly determined to be 140 +/- 20 (1 sigma) ps for upsilon = 1, 75 +/- 20 ps for upsilon = 2 and 30 +/- 15 ps for upsilon = 3. T-1u to E(g) intermode energy transfer occurs on the 10-20 ps timescale. C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 31 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 1995 VL 235 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00124-M PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QN279 UT WOS:A1995QN27900013 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, G WILLIAMS, AB AF RODRIGUEZ, G WILLIAMS, AB TI EPILOBOCERA-WETHERBEEI, A NEW SPECIES OF FRESH-WATER CRAB (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE) FROM HISPANIOLA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Epilobocera wetherbeei, a new species of pseudothelphusid crab, is described from the Dominican Republic. The species can be easily distinguished from other species of Epilobocera by its small size, absence of anterolateral spinulation and characters of the first male gonopods. SEM microphotographs of the first and second male gonopods of E. wetherbeei, E. sinuatifrons, E. haytensis and E. gertraudae are provided. The apex of the second male gonopod in all species of Epilobocera studied is hollow, transversely truncate, with a prominent internal rib provided with spines. These characters distinctly separate Epilobocera from species in the subfamily Pseudothelphusinae where the gonopodal apex is spoon-shaped and provided with long setae. The new observations are incorporated into amended diagnoses of the subfamilies Epilobocerinae and Pseudothelphusinae. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP RODRIGUEZ, G (reprint author), INST VENEZOLANO INVEST CIENTIF,APARTADO 21827,CARACAS 1020 A,VENEZUELA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD MAR 24 PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA QP767 UT WOS:A1995QP76700010 ER PT J AU JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE AF JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE TI MATRIX-ISOLATION STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF EXCITED NEON ATOMS WITH BF3 - INFRARED-SPECTRA OF BF2+, BF3+ AND BF3- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-IONS; SOLID NEON; ELECTRONIC STATES; BORON-TRIFLUORIDE; PHOTO-IONIZATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; BONDING TRENDS; DIODE-LASER RP JACOX, ME (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 12 BP 4747 EP 4756 DI 10.1063/1.469523 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QM507 UT WOS:A1995QM50700004 ER PT J AU LINSKY, JL WOOD, BE JUDGE, P BROWN, A ANDRULIS, C AYRES, TR AF LINSKY, JL WOOD, BE JUDGE, P BROWN, A ANDRULIS, C AYRES, TR TI THE TRANSITION REGIONS OF CAPELLA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, CLOSE; LINE, PROFILES; STAR, CORONAE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (ALPHA AURIGAE); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID LATE-TYPE STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; RS CANUM VENATICORUM; ROTATIONAL MODULATION; OUTER ATMOSPHERES; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTRA; GIANTS; CHROMOSPHERES AB We have used the Goddard High Resolution Spectrometer (GHRS) to observe the spectroscopic binary system Capella (G8 III + G1 III). Exposures with the G140L, G140M, G160M, G200M, and echelle gratings provide emission line profiles with unprecedented signal-to-noise and spectral resolving power (lambda/Delta lambda) up to 92,000. Multi-Gaussian fits to the line profiles show that the hotter star contributes 60%-70% of the total flux in the chromospheric O I and Mg II resonance lines, but about 90% of the flux in the Si III, Si IV, and C IV lines formed in the transition region at T less than or equal to 10(5) K. We find clear evidence that the emission lines from the hotter star are systematically redshifted relative to the photosphere with Doppler shifts of +5 +/- 1 km s(-1) and +9 +/- 3 km s(-1) in the chromospheric Mg II and O I lines, respectively, increasing to +24 +/- 5 km s(-1) for the transition region Si IV 1393.8 Angstrom line. The multi-Gaussian fits to permitted transition region lines of Si III, Si IV, C IV, and N V indicate the presence of three components: moderately broad lines formed in the transition region of the hotter star (component H), narrow lines formed in the transition region of the cooler star (component C), and very broad lines that we think are formed in microflares on the hotter star (component B). The He II 1640.4 Angstrom feature has an broad profile, which indicates that it is formed by collisional excitation primarily from the hotter star, and a weak narrow component that we interpret as due to radiative recombination on the cooler star. We observed spin-forbidden emission lines of C III], O III], Si III], O IV], O V], and S IV] that are sensitive to electron density. Fainter members of the O IV] multiplet and all of the S IV] lines have never before been seen in any star other than the Sun. We determine electron densities in the transition regions of the Capella stars using line ratios of O IV] lines and emission measure analysis. The emission measures are self-consistent only when the fluxes from each emitting component are considered separately. In particular, the transition region abundance distributions appear to be different on the two stars, and the spin-forbidden:lines were not detected in the B component. The emission measures for component H (the G1 star) are consistent with a constant electron pressure (or hydrostatic equilibrium) transition region with P-e = 10(15+0.1) cm(-3) K and possibly solar ''coronal'' abundances. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV COLORADO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP LINSKY, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV QUANTUM PHYS, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 75 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1995 VL 442 IS 1 BP 381 EP 400 DI 10.1086/175447 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QM747 UT WOS:A1995QM74700032 ER PT J AU CIAIS, P TANS, PP WHITE, JWC TROLIER, M FRANCEY, RJ BERRY, JA RANDALL, DR SELLERS, PJ COLLATZ, JG SCHIMEL, DS AF CIAIS, P TANS, PP WHITE, JWC TROLIER, M FRANCEY, RJ BERRY, JA RANDALL, DR SELLERS, PJ COLLATZ, JG SCHIMEL, DS TI PARTITIONING OF OCEAN AND LAND UPTAKE OF CO2 AS INFERRED BY DELTA-C-13 MEASUREMENTS FROM THE NOAA CLIMATE MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY GLOBAL AIR SAMPLING NETWORK SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; BIOSPHERE EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SINK; C-13; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Using delta(13)C measurements in atmospheric CO2 from a cooperative global air sampling network, we determined the partitioning of the net uptake of CO2 between ocean and land as a function of latitude and time. The majority of delta(13)C measurements were made at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) of the University of Colorado. The network included 40 sites in 1992 and constitutes the most extensive data set available. We perform an inverse deconvolution of both CO2 and delta(13)C observations, using a two-dimensional model of atmospheric transport. New features of the method include a detailed calculation of the isotopic disequilibrium of the terrestrial biosphere fi om global runs of the CENTURY soil model. Also, the discrimination against C-13 by plant photosynthesis, as a function of latitude and time, is calculated from global runs of the SiB biosphere model. Uncertainty due to the longitudinal structure of the data, which is not represented by the model, is studied through a bootstrap analysis by adding and omitting measurement sites. The resulting error estimates for our inferred sources and sinks are of the order of 1 GTC (1 GTC = 10(15) gC). Such error bars do not reflect potential systematic errors arising from our estimates of the isotopic disequilibria between the atmosphere and the oceans and biosphere, which are estimated in a separate sensitivity analysis. With respect to global totals for 1992 we found that 3.1 GTC of carbon dissolved into the ocean and that 1.5 GTC were sequestered by land ecosystems. Northern hemisphere ocean gyres north of 15 degrees N absorbed 2.7 GTC, The equatorial oceans between 10 degrees S and 10 degrees N were a net source to the atmosphere of 0.9 GTC. We obtained a sink of 1.6 GTC in southern ocean gyres south of 20 degrees S, although the deconvolution is poorly constrained by sparse data coverage at high southern latitudes. The seasonal uptake of CO2 in northern gyres appears to be correlated with a bloom of phytoplankton in surface waters. On land, northern temperate and boreal ecosystems between 35 degrees N and 65 degrees N were found to be a major sink of CO2 in 1992, as large as 3.5 GTC. Northern tropical ecosystems (equator-30 degrees N) appear to be a net source to the atmosphere of 2 GTC which could reflect biomass burning. A small sink, 0.3 GTC, was inferred for southern tropical ecosystems (30 degrees S-equator). C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. CSIRO, DIV ATMOSPHER RES, MELBOURNE, VIC, AUSTRALIA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, DEPT PLANT BIOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; White, James/A-7845-2009; collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112 NR 98 TC 269 Z9 285 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D3 BP 5051 EP 5070 DI 10.1029/94JD02847 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QN544 UT WOS:A1995QN54400003 ER PT J AU IGNATOV, AM STOWE, LL SAKERIN, SM KOROTAEV, GK AF IGNATOV, AM STOWE, LL SAKERIN, SM KOROTAEV, GK TI VALIDATION OF THE NOAA/NESDIS SATELLITE AEROSOL PRODUCT OVER THE NORTH-ATLANTIC IN 1989 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COLOR; CALIBRATION; WATER; SCATTERING; WAVELENGTH; CHANNELS; CLOUD; SPACE AB A validation experiment and resulting potential improvements to the operational satellite aerosol optical thickness product at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) are presented. An earlier paper described a set of Sun photometer measurements collected from the Soviet R/V Akademik Vernadsky during its cruise in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea from September to December 1989. The accuracy of the Sun photometer aerosol optical thickness was proven acceptable for use as a ground truth standard for validation of the NOAA product. This paper describes the validation methodology and the results of its application to the NOAA 11 satellite product. A systematic underestimation in the operational values by about 35%, relative to the ship truth, is found. Causes for this discrepancy are examined, emphasizing the importance of careful satellite instrument calibration, and a revision of the oceanic reflectance model used in the retrieval algorithm. It is shown that the remaining systematic underestimate in satellite aerosol optical thickness can be attributed only to the aerosol model used in the retrieval. Additional checks of this conclusion using independent data sets are underway. If confirmed, a fundamental revision of the presently used aerosol model would be required. An example of a simple adjustment to the present aerosol model which successfully removes the bias is given, based on the assumption of an absorbing aerosol. C1 SEVASTOPOL MARINE HYDROPHYS INST, SEVASTOPOL 335005, UKRAINE. TOMSK ATMOSPHER OPT INST, TOMSK 634055, RUSSIA. RP IGNATOV, AM (reprint author), NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, SATELLITE RES LAB, RA11, NSC ROOM 711, CAMP SPRINGS, MD 20746 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 35 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D3 BP 5123 EP 5132 DI 10.1029/94JD03322 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QN544 UT WOS:A1995QN54400009 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, NR MYATT, CJ CORNELL, EA WIEMAN, CE AF NEWBURY, NR MYATT, CJ CORNELL, EA WIEMAN, CE TI GRAVITATIONAL SISYPHUS COOLING OF RB-87 IN A MAGNETIC TRAP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; HYDROGEN; FORCE C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP NEWBURY, NR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 2196 EP 2199 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2196 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QM943 UT WOS:A1995QM94300012 ER PT J AU BODHAINE, BA DUTTON, EG AF BODHAINE, BA DUTTON, EG TI A LONG-TERM DECREASE IN ARCTIC HAZE AT BARROW, ALASKA - REPLY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Note ID TEMPERATURE RP BODHAINE, BA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R-E-CG1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 6 BP 741 EP 742 DI 10.1029/94GL03075 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QN566 UT WOS:A1995QN56600021 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, BB BUCHER, JJ CARLSON, DE EDELSTEIN, NM HUDSON, EA KALTSOYANNIS, N LEIGHTON, T LUKENS, W SHUH, DK NITSCHE, H REICH, T ROBERTS, K TORRETTO, P WOICIK, J YANG, WS YEE, A YEE, BC AF BUCHANAN, BB BUCHER, JJ CARLSON, DE EDELSTEIN, NM HUDSON, EA KALTSOYANNIS, N LEIGHTON, T LUKENS, W SHUH, DK NITSCHE, H REICH, T ROBERTS, K TORRETTO, P WOICIK, J YANG, WS YEE, A YEE, BC TI A XANES AND EXAFS INVESTIGATION OF THE SPECIATION OF SELENITE FOLLOWING BACTERIAL METABOLIZATION SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE AB XANES spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate that both the common soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis and an unidentified bacillus isolated from selenium-contaminated soil reduce selenite to the red allotrope of elemental selenium. The red and gray forms of selenium are distinguished by their XANES spectra, although EXAFS spectroscopy shows a single absorber-backscatterer distance in both cases. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,G T SEABORG INST TRANSACTINIUM SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ROSSENDORF INC,FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM ROSSENDORF EV,INST RADIOCHEM,D-01314 DRESDEN,GERMANY. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JACKSON,MS 39217. RI Reich, Tobias/C-7064-2016 OI Reich, Tobias/0000-0002-5600-3951 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1617 EP 1619 DI 10.1021/ic00110a046 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA QM906 UT WOS:A1995QM90600046 ER PT J AU RAO, MV GRIFFITHS, P HOLLAND, OW KELNER, G FREITAS, JA SIMONS, DS CHI, PH GHEZZO, M AF RAO, MV GRIFFITHS, P HOLLAND, OW KELNER, G FREITAS, JA SIMONS, DS CHI, PH GHEZZO, M TI AL AND B ION-IMPLANTATIONS IN 6H-SIC AND 3C-SIC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BETA SILICON-CARBIDE; STOICHIOMETRIC DISTURBANCES; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; JUNCTION DIODES; NITROGEN; BORON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. RP RAO, MV (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 51 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2479 EP 2485 DI 10.1063/1.358776 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QN148 UT WOS:A1995QN14800038 ER PT J AU HILPERT, G FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD KARYAKIN, EN AF HILPERT, G FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD KARYAKIN, EN TI PROTON INTERCHANGE TUNNELING AND INTERNAL-ROTATION IN HSH-NH3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; DIMER; (H2O)2; HCL C1 NIZHNII NOVGOROD APPL PHYS INST,MOLEC SPECT LAB,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. INST ANGEW PHYS,D-53115 BONN,GERMANY. RP HILPERT, G (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 11 BP 4321 EP 4328 DI 10.1063/1.469480 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QL735 UT WOS:A1995QL73500002 ER PT J AU OVERLAND, JE CURTIN, TB SMITH, WO AF OVERLAND, JE CURTIN, TB SMITH, WO TI LEADS AND POLYNYAS - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA. UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP OVERLAND, JE (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C3 BP 4267 EP 4268 DI 10.1029/95JC00336 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QN009 UT WOS:A1995QN00900001 ER PT J AU OVERLAND, JE WALTER, BA CURTIN, TB TURET, P AF OVERLAND, JE WALTER, BA CURTIN, TB TURET, P TI HIERARCHY AND SEA-ICE MECHANICS - A CASE-STUDY FROM THE BEAUFORT SEA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MICROMECHANICS MODEL; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; FIELDS; FLOWS AB Hierarchy implies that the study of sea ice can be divided into analysis of subsets of processes based on scale and their interaction with adjacent scales. We apply these concepts to regional sea ice dynamics. The apparent self-similar property of ice floes seen in aircraft or satellite images argues for an aggregate nature of sea ice, that viscouslike regional behavior arises from discrete flee interactions. However, for some regions and some times, characteristic behavior, where lead patterns seen in basin-wide advanced very high resolution radiometer images appear to be related to coastal orientation hundreds of kilometers away, suggests that small regional scale processes O(10 km) and discontinuities in the velocity or stress state along boundaries can affect the larger-scale sea ice distribution and dynamics O(500 km). Thus sea ice displays both aggregate type behavior and discontinuous type behavior based on the history of forcing and shape of the enclosing basin. The appropriate matching of atmospheric processes to sea ice processes in air-ice interaction is through the sea ice deformation field rather than the response of ice velocity to the local wind. This is because atmospheric forcing and sea ice deformation have matching energetic scales at several hundred kilometers and timescales of days. An example of northerly winds during the April 1992 Arctic Leads Experiment period suggests discontinuous type behavior upwind of the Alaska coast followed by a general opening behavior with easterly winds. There appear to be natural scale divisions between climate scale sea ice processes of O(100-300 km) which resolve aggregate behavior, regional scale O(10-50 km) which is necessary to resolve observed shearing behavior, and the flee scale O(1 km). Because the climate scale is two levels removed from the flee scale, care must be exercised in using ice properties from the flee scale in climate scale models; ice strength is an example of such a scale dependent parameter. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,BELLEVUE,WA 98005. OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C3 BP 4559 EP 4571 DI 10.1029/94JC02502 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QN009 UT WOS:A1995QN00900022 ER PT J AU WALTER, BA OVERLAND, JE TURET, P AF WALTER, BA OVERLAND, JE TURET, P TI A COMPARISON OF SATELLITE-DERIVED AND AIRCRAFT-MEASURED REGIONAL SURFACE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES OVER THE BEAUFORT SEA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AIR-MOTION; SYSTEM AB Motivated by the importance of quantifying the regional surface heat balance over Arctic sea ice in studying climate processes, Lindsay and Rothrock (1994) developed a methodology for computing regional surface sensible heat fluxes using readily available advanced very high resolution (AVHRR) IR satellite imagery. Their technique is based upon the determination of the pixel-by-pixel sea ice surface temperature from which estimates of sensible heat fluxes are then made. We compare the sensible heat fluxes over the Beaufort Sea computed using their methodology with those measured by a gust probe system on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 aircraft on April 18, 1992, during the Leads Experiment. We use an AVHRR image recorded during the P-3 flight at 2303 UTC. We show that individual lead heat fluxes can be large, 115 W m(-2) for 1-km average fluxes obtained from flight legs that included a 300-m-wide lead, but that regional values of sensible flux over 50-200 km of sea ice were small and positive, similar to 8 W m(-2). The sensible heat flux computed from the P-3 showed that a value of C-s = 1.1 x 10(-3), where C-s is the heat transfer coefficient relative to 10 m, is appropriate for the spring Beaufort Sea. We suggest that more realistic winds derived, for example, from the National Meteorological Center sea level pressure analyses be used instead of the constant value of 5 m s(-1) now employed by Lindsay and Rothrock. We also found that the maximum value of Delta T, the difference between air and surface temperature, used in the calculation of sensible heat flux using the Lindsay and Rothrock technique was underestimated by a factor of 1.9 when compared with direct measurements. Use of this Delta T correction factor, synoptic scale winds, and the calculated value of C-s gave a good comparison between the AVHRR approach and aircraft fluxes measured over the region. The effective regional momentum drag coefficient C-D relative to 10 m was 2.1 x 10(-3) typical of Arctic pack ice. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,BELLEVUE,WA 98005. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C3 BP 4585 EP 4591 DI 10.1029/94JC02653 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QN009 UT WOS:A1995QN00900024 ER PT J AU RUFFIEUX, D PERSSON, POG FAIRALL, CW WOLFE, DE AF RUFFIEUX, D PERSSON, POG FAIRALL, CW WOLFE, DE TI ICE PACK AND LEAD SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGETS DURING LEADEX-1992 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; ARCTIC SEA ICE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; WIND STRESS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; POLYNYA; SODAR AB During a 1-month deployment for the Arctic Leads Experiment (LEADEX) in March and April 1992 on the Arctic ice cap roughly 200 km north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, surface-based mean meteorological and flux instruments plus a variety of remote sensors were operated at the main base camp. Identical systems were also deployed by helicopter on the upwind and downwind edges of several Arctic leads, two of which we describe in this paper. At the base camp the diurnal amplitude for sensible heat flux was +/-10 W m(-2) about a mean of -3 W m(-2), net radiation was +/-30 W m(-2) about a mean of -15 W m(-2), and net surface energy flux was +/-20 W m(-2) about a mean of -12 W m(-2). The mean latent heat flux was +1 W m(-2) with a diurnal variation of about +/-1.5 W m(-2). Mean values for the momentum and sensible heat transfer coefficients were C-D = (1.20 +/- 0.20) x 10(-3) and C-H= (0.75 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3) at a 10-m reference height with only modest diurnal variations. Two lead deployments were examined. Lead 3 was approximately 1 km across. Only limited meteorological data were obtained for about 6 hours at the end of April 7 and beginning of April 8 when the lead was covered with about 10 cm of ice. Downwind of the lead, the sensible heat flux increased to about 170 W m(-2) and the stress doubled, suggesting an ice-covered lead 10-m drag coefficient of 2.2 x 10(-3). More than 36 hours of data were obtained upwind and downwind of lead 4, which varied in width from 80 to 120 m. Doppler minisodars upwind and downwind of the lead indicated a doubling in the depth (5 to 10 m) of the shear-driven turbulent surface layer downwind of the lead and an intensification of intermittent wave interactions exceeding 60 m (sodar range maximum). Three prominent waves with strong downward motion were observed in this period, apparently causing increases in the downwind stress magnitude. Various sources of data were used to compute estimates over a 36-hour period of the net surface heat flux Q(g) over the lead, the adjacent pack ice, and any open water that might have occurred in the lead. The results indicate that once significant ice forms, the sun is increasingly more effective in reducing the surface freezing rate and in shutting off convective mixing in the ocean under the lead. Over the period of observations the average net surface heat flux was -75 W m(-2) over the pack ice, -130 W m(-2) over the lead, and -250 W m(-2) over the open water. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C3 BP 4593 EP 4612 DI 10.1029/94JC02485 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QN009 UT WOS:A1995QN00900025 ER PT J AU GREENE, GL THOMPSON, AK DEWEY, MS AF GREENE, GL THOMPSON, AK DEWEY, MS TI A METHOD FOR THE ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF THE POLARIZATION OF A NEUTRON BEAM USING A POLARIZED HE-3 SPIN FILTER SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; BETA-DECAY; ASYMMETRY; LIFETIME; SCATTERING; TARGET AB A new method for the accurate determination of the degree of polarization of a neutron beam which has been polarized by transmission through a spin polarized He-3 cell is given. The method does not require the use of an analyzer or spin flipper nor does it require an accurate independent determination of the He-3 polarization. The method provides a continuous on-line determination of the neutron polarization. The method may be of use in the accurate determination of correlation coefficients in neutron beta decay which provide a test of the standard model for the electroweak interaction. The method may also provide an accurate procedure for the calibration of polarized He-3 targets used in medium and high energy scattering experiments. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 356 IS 2-3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)01249-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA QM883 UT WOS:A1995QM88300004 ER PT J AU GLOTZER, SC DIMARZIO, EA MUTHUKUMAR, M AF GLOTZER, SC DIMARZIO, EA MUTHUKUMAR, M TI REACTION-CONTROLLED MORPHOLOGY OF PHASE-SEPARATING MIXTURES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PATTERN-FORMATION; SYSTEMS; KINETICS; BLENDS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CTR THEORET & COMP MAT SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 11 BP 2034 EP 2037 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2034 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QL584 UT WOS:A1995QL58400035 ER PT J AU LI, HW MCCRAY, R AF LI, HW MCCRAY, R TI THE HE-I EMISSION-LINES OF SN 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE FORMATION; SUPERNOVAE, INDIVIDUAL (SN 1987A) ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; SN-1987A; HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; NICKEL AB We model the evolution of the He I lines, especially He I 1.083 mu m and He I 2.058 mu m, from the envelope of SN 1987A during the first 3 yr after the explosion. The He I metastable 2(3)S and 2(1)S states are populated by fast electrons resulting from energy deposition by gamma rays and depopulated by electron collisions and two-photon decay. The 2.058 mu m line is excited mainly by nonthermal electrons at all times. The 1.083 mu m line is excited mainly by thermal electron impact for t less than or similar to 450 days and by recombination afterward. We can fit the observed evolution of He I 2.058 mu m with a model in which similar to 3 M(circle dot) of nearly pure helium and similar to 11 M(circle dot) of hydrogen mixed with primordial helium occupy the volume emitting most of the light (v less than or equal to 2500 km s(-1)). For t less than or similar to 450 days, trace carbon in the inner part of the helium suppresses the He I 2.058 mu m line by photoabsorbing He I lambda 584 and depopulating the 2(1)P(o) state. The observed 1.08 mu m line is a blend of He I 1.083 mu m and [S I] 1.082 mu m. We estimate that He I 1.083 mu m contributes similar to 40% of the observed flux for t less than or similar to 550 days and similar to 60% thereafter. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LI, HW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 441 IS 2 BP 821 EP 829 DI 10.1086/175405 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QK140 UT WOS:A1995QK14000036 ER PT J AU BROWN, JM EVENSON, KM AF BROWN, JM EVENSON, KM TI ATOMIC IRON IN ITS D-5 GROUND-STATE - A DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE J=0[-1 AND J=1[-2 FINE-STRUCTURE INTERVALS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC DATA; ISM, ATOMS; LINE, IDENTIFICATION; RADIO LINES, ISM ID LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLAR IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRUM; FEH AB The J = 0 <-- 1 and J = 1 <-- 2 fine-structure transitions in atomic Fe in its ground D-5 State have been detected in the laboratory by far-infrared laser magnetic resonance. The fine-structure intervals have been measured accurately as 2696.3942(22) and 5519.9397(18) GHz, respectively; these values correspond to wavelengths of 111.18273 and 54.31082 mu m, with an uncertainty of about 2 x 10(-5) mu m. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BROWN, JM (reprint author), PHYS CHEM LAB,S PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 441 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/187799 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QK142 UT WOS:A1995QK14200012 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, JT AF SULLIVAN, JT TI A SIMPLE, ACCURATE METHOD TO COMPUTE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND OR RADIANCE FOR THE THERMAL INFRARED CHANNELS OF THE ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER (AVHRR) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Users of thermal infrared data from the AVHRR on a NOAA polar-orbiting operational satellite convert the count value output to radiance units, and then assign an equivalent blackbody temperature to the radiance value. Assigning a blackbody temperature to the radiance value is an indirect process, which requires knowledge of the AVHRR spectral response function and a fairly complex calculation. Both difficulties can be avoided by the simple two-step process shown in this Letter. First, blackbody temperature is estimated from a square-root of the measured radiance, then the estimate is refined by values from a 'universal' correction curve. The RMS difference between this approximation and the complex calculation is a few hundredths deg K for temperatures in the 200-320 deg K range. The inverse computation, radiance from temperature, is accurate to within 0.01-0.02 mW m-2 sr-1 (cm-1)-1. Results are shown for the NOAA-7, -9, -11, and -12 spacecraft. RP SULLIVAN, JT (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 773 EP 777 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA QQ504 UT WOS:A1995QQ50400015 ER PT J AU KOHL, ML LEVINE, J AF KOHL, ML LEVINE, J TI MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF TIDAL TILTS IN A SMALL ARRAY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE TILTMETERS; SURFACE MONUMENTS; SECULAR TILT; DISPLACEMENT; STRAIN; MOTION AB Strain-induced tilts caused by variations in material properties can produce large perturbations in the tilt field near a material discontinuity. This is evidenced in data from a closely spaced array of borehole tiltmeters that has been operating at Pinon Flat Geophysical Observatory in southern California since 1987. The array is composed of three borehole tiltmeters located at depths of 24, 36, and 120 m. The tiltmeters have a sensitivity of a few nanoradians. Tidal measurements show differences between the boreholes of up to 50%. The largest percent difference occurs in the semidiurnal band where the tilt field measured in the 36-m borehole differs by similar to 10 nrad at the M(2) frequency. This difference has been modeled as a strain-induced tilt caused by the weathering layer. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV TIME & FREQUENCY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B3 BP 3929 EP 3941 DI 10.1029/94JB02773 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA QM547 UT WOS:A1995QM54700013 ER PT J AU HUANG, Q CHAKOUMAKOS, BC SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF AF HUANG, Q CHAKOUMAKOS, BC SANTORO, A CAVA, RJ KRAJEWSKI, JJ PECK, WF TI NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE 12-K SUPERCONDUCTOR LA3NI2B2N3-X SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article AB The structure of superconducting La3Ni2B2N3-x has been investigated by neutron powder diffraction methods at room temperature. The compound crystallizes with the symmetry of space group I4/mmm (No. 139) and lattice parameters a=3.72512(5) and c=20.5172(4) Angstrom. The structure is layered and is made of (LaN) (LaN) (LaN) blocks with the rock-salt configuration alternating along the c-axis with Ni2B2 blocks having a fluorite-type arrangement of the atoms. The nitrogen site located on the central layer of the rock-salt block is only 90% occupied, yielding stoichiometry La3Ni2B2N29. Layers are connected to each other along the c-axis by La-N, B-N and Ni-B bonds, while the connections within the layers are provided by La-N and Ni-Ni bonds. C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 244 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00041-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QM703 UT WOS:A1995QM70300013 ER PT J AU HARTLING, RC PEREIRA, JJ KUNKEL, JG AF HARTLING, RC PEREIRA, JJ KUNKEL, JG TI PROCESSING AND DEGRADATION OF LIPOVITELLIN DURING EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WINTER FLOUNDER (PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,PROGRAM MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. MILFORD LAB,NE FISH CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,MILFORD,CT 06460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A81 EP A81 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98700475 ER PT J AU RENFRO, JL LU, M SWANSON, P AF RENFRO, JL LU, M SWANSON, P TI SOMATOLACTIN (SSL) STIMULATION OF PHOSPHATE (P-I) REABSORPTION BY FLOUNDER RENAL TUBULE PRIMARY CULTURES (PTCS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYSIOL & NEUROBIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A354 EP A354 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702079 ER PT J AU TSANG, W WALKER, JA AF TSANG, W WALKER, JA TI HYDROGEN-ATOM-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE AT HIGH-TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KINETICS; ATTACK AB Mechanisms and late constants for hydrogen atom attack on trichloroethylene have been determined in single-pulse shock tube experiments near 1050 K. Products from all the decomposition channels have been observed. The predominant process is the displacement of the chlorine at the least substituted site. The following rate expressions have been determined: k(H* + HClC=CCL(2) --> H2C=CCl2 + Cl*) = 6 x 10(13) exp(-2439/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1); k(H* + HClC=CCl2 --> HClC=CClH(cis + trans) + Cl*) = 3.7 x 10(13) exp(-3946/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1); K(H* + HClC=CCl2 --> *HC=CCl2 or HClC=CCl* + HCl) = 3.8 x 10(14) exp(-6686/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). An upper limit for the rate constant of the abstraction process H* + HClC=CCl2 --> *ClC=CCl2 + H-2 is 6.5 x 10(10) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1) at 1050 K. Rate constants for chlorine attack on H-2 at these temperatures are a factor of 13 smaller than those on mesitylene. The results are compared with those for hydrogen atom reactions with other unsaturated compounds. Some implications regarding the incineration of chlorinated organics will be discussed. RP TSANG, W (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 10 BP 3156 EP 3161 DI 10.1021/j100010a028 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QL680 UT WOS:A1995QL68000028 ER PT J AU OLTMANS, SJ HOFMANN, DJ AF OLTMANS, SJ HOFMANN, DJ TI INCREASE IN LOWER-STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR AT A MID-LATITUDE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SITE FROM 1981 TO 1994 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRACE GASES; HUMIDITY; VARIABILITY; METHANE AB WATER vapour in the atmosphere is the key trace gas controlling weather and climate, and plays a central role in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the heterogeneous chemical reactions that destroy stratospheric ozone, Although in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere the radiative(1) and chemical(2) effects of water vapour are large, there are few measurements of water-vapour concentration(3-10) and its long-term variation(11-13) in this region, Here we present is set of water-vapour profiles for altitudes from 9 to 27 km, obtained at Boulder, Colorado, during 1981-94, which show a significant increase in water-vapour concentration in the lower stratosphere over this time. The increase is larger, at least below about 20-25 km, than might be expected from the stratospheric oxidation of increasing concentrations of atmospheric methane(14,15). The additional increase in water vapour may be linked to other climate variations, such as the observed global temperature rise in recent decades(16). RP OLTMANS, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 37 TC 170 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6518 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1038/374146a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QL397 UT WOS:A1995QL39700053 ER PT J AU BAKER, J TCHANGBRILLET, WUL JULIENNE, PS AF BAKER, J TCHANGBRILLET, WUL JULIENNE, PS TI FIRST OBSERVATION OF THE V=3 LEVEL OF THE B-(1)SIGMA(+) RYDBERG STATE OF CO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; 115 NM; PHOTOABSORPTION; TRANSITION; MOLECULE C1 OBSERV PARIS,MEUDON SECT,DAMAP,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. CNRS,URA 812,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 10 BP 3956 EP 3961 DI 10.1063/1.468523 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QL734 UT WOS:A1995QL73400007 ER PT J AU MORGAN, CA SERPA, FG TAKACS, E MEYER, ES GILLASPY, JD SUGAR, J ROBERTS, JR BROWN, CM FELDMAN, U AF MORGAN, CA SERPA, FG TAKACS, E MEYER, ES GILLASPY, JD SUGAR, J ROBERTS, JR BROWN, CM FELDMAN, U TI OBSERVATION OF VISIBLE AND UV MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS IN HIGHLY-CHARGED XENON AND BARIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORBIDDEN LINES; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CONFIGURATIONS; IRON; IONS C1 USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST NUCL RES,H-4001 DEBRECEN,HUNGARY. RP MORGAN, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1716 EP 1719 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1716 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QK075 UT WOS:A1995QK07500005 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR LOVEJOY, ER AF HANSON, DR LOVEJOY, ER TI THE REACTION OF CLONO2 WITH SUBMICROMETER SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE NITRATE; TEMPERATURE; SURFACES; WATER AB The measured reaction probability, gamma, for the reaction of chlorine nitrate (CIONO2) with 60 percent (by weight) sulfuric acid aerosol increases monotonically with particle size at 250 kelvin. The reacto-diffusive length (l, the effective liquid depth over which reaction occurs) derived from these experiments is 0.037 +/- 0.007 micrometer (95 percent confidence level for precision). The reaction probability for the reaction of CIONO2 with 60 percent sulfuric acid aerosol doped with similar to 7 x 10(-4) M hydrochloric acid at 250 kelvin is larger by about a factor of 4 than in the absence of hydrochloric acid and varies less with particle size (l = 0.009 +/- 0.005 micrometer), These results provide a test of the theory for gas-particle reactions and further insight into the reactivity of atmospheric aerosol. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 3 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5202 BP 1326 EP 1328 DI 10.1126/science.267.5202.1326 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QK068 UT WOS:A1995QK06800038 PM 17812605 ER PT J AU GIFFORD, AD HUMPHREYS, DA HALE, PD AF GIFFORD, AD HUMPHREYS, DA HALE, PD TI COMPARISON OF PHOTODIODE FREQUENCY-RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS TO 40 GHZ BETWEEN NPL AND NIST SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PHOTODIODES; FREQUENCY RESPONSE ID INGAAS AB The authors report the first comparison, at the national standards level, of photodiode frequency response measurements at wavelengths of 1.285, 1.319 and 1.531 mu m. A photodiode was measured up to 40GHz and the results were normalised to 1.319 mu m using a model of the device. The average scatter in the results was +/-0.12dB (2 sigma) below 20 GHz and +/-0.21 dB from 20 to 33 GHz. C1 US NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP NATL PHYS LAB, DIV ELECT SCI, QUEENS RD, TEDDINGTON TW11 0LW, MIDDX, ENGLAND. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 397 EP 398 DI 10.1049/el:19950228 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QP007 UT WOS:A1995QP00700047 ER PT J AU STONE, WC CHEOK, GS STANTON, JF AF STONE, WC CHEOK, GS STANTON, JF TI PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID MOMENT-RESISTING PRECAST BEAM-COLUMN CONCRETE CONNECTIONS SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING SO ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BEAM-COLUMN FRAME; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; CYCLIC LOADS; EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES; JOINTS (JUNCTIONS); MOMENTS; POSTTENSIONING; PRECAST CONCRETE AB Test results of 10 hybrid precast concrete beam-to-column connections are presented. These tests constitute Phase IV of an experimental program an one-third-scale model precast moment-resisting connections conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The objective of the test program is to develop guidelines for the design of moment-resisting precast connections in regions of high seismicity. The hybrid connections consist of mild steel used to dissipate energy and post-tensioning (PT) steel used to provide the required shear resistance. Variables examined were the amount and type of mild steel (ASTM A 615). The amount of post-tensioning steel was varied to control the relative moment capacity contributed by the PT and mild steel. The specimens were subjected to reversed cyclic loading in accordance with a prescribed displacement history. Connection performances were compared to previous NIST tests based on energy dissipation capacity, connection strength, and drift capacity. Hybrid precast connection can be designed to match or exceed the performance of a monolithic connection in terms of energy dissipation, strength, and drift capacity. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP STONE, WC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 SN 0889-3241 J9 ACI STRUCT J JI ACI Struct. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 92 IS 2 BP 229 EP 249 PG 21 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA QN751 UT WOS:A1995QN75100010 ER PT J AU CAHN, JW KOBAYASHI, R AF CAHN, JW KOBAYASHI, R TI EXPONENTIALLY RAPID COARSENING AND BUCKLING IN COHERENTLY SELF-STRESSED THIN PLATES SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID SOLIDS; DIFFUSION AB The nonlinear equations that couple diffusion and stress are solved by computation for one-dimensional spinodal decomposition and coarsening in a thin plate. The vicinity of two critical values of the stress parameter are explored. At small values of elastic self-stresses, coarsening changes to exponentially fast from the exponentially slow dynamics expected for one-dimensions in the absence of stress. Coarsening is by rapid thickening of a single layer of a different phase from each of the two plate surfaces, leading to bending of the plate. Even though the diffusion equation is the same for bulk and thin plate and changes type at the coherent spinodal transition, in a thin plate the changes near this transition are gradual; the difference in behavior is due to the boundary conditions. Furthermore elasto-chemical equilibria through this transition are completely continuous. If the elastic term is large compared to the wetting term, surface wetting layers of phase of lower energy are found to disappear late in the coarsening. C1 RYUKOKU UNIV, DEPT APPL MATH & INFORMAT, OTSU, SHIGA 52021, JAPAN. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 931 EP 944 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00299-W PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QK389 UT WOS:A1995QK38900008 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, RW SHIN, H RUFF, AW AF ARMSTRONG, RW SHIN, H RUFF, AW TI ELASTIC-PLASTIC EFFECTS DURING VERY LOW-LOAD HARDNESS TESTING OF COPPER SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION AB A nanoindentation test system has been applied to obtaining continuous low-load/penetration depth results on a reference copper material. As usual, higher apparent hardness values occur at the lowest load values. An explanation is given in terms of the elastic load bearing capacity of the material. The analysis leads to a proposed hardness stress/strain description that appears to be satisfactory. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP ARMSTRONG, RW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00291-O PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QK389 UT WOS:A1995QK38900020 ER PT J AU LU, MQ SWANSON, P RENFRO, JL AF LU, MQ SWANSON, P RENFRO, JL TI EFFECT OF SOMATOLACTIN AND RELATED HORMONES ON PHOSPHATE-TRANSPORT BY FLOUNDER RENAL TUBULE PRIMARY CULTURES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3',5'-CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE; PLEURONECTES AMERICANUS; MARINE TELEOST; TRANSEPITHELIAL TRANSPORT; SALMON GROWTH HORMONE; PROLACTIN ID PRESUMED PITUITARY-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; PARS-INTERMEDIA; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEXUAL-MATURATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROLACTIN FAMILY; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Winter flounder renal proximal tubule primary monolayer cultures mounted in Ussing chambers were used to determine the effect of salmon somatolactin (sSL) on transepithelial P-i and Ca2+ transport. sSL stimulated P-i reabsorption in a dose-dependent manner at physiological levels of the hormone (12.5 ng/ml). Net P-i transport was significantly altered by sSL (200 ng/ml) within 2 h after the initial exposure. Ca2+ fluxes were unchanged by the addition of 200 ng/ml sSL. The sSL-induced P-i reabsorption was abolished by 10 mu M H-89, a highly specific protein kinase A inhibitor. Moreover the production and release of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were significantly increased after 1 and 2 h of exposure to sSL. The data indicate that sSL directly stimulates net renal P-i reabsorption by an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent pathway. In addition to sSL, flounder SL and rat prolactin greatly, and salmon growth hormone (2.3 mu g/ml) slightly, increased net P-i reabsorptive flux, whereas salmon prolactin had no effect. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT NEUROBIOL & PHYSIOL, STORRS, CT 06269 USA. NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regulat. Integr. Compar. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 268 IS 3 BP R577 EP R582 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA QL386 UT WOS:A1995QL38600001 PM 7900898 ER PT J AU PANDEY, PC WEETALL, HH AF PANDEY, PC WEETALL, HH TI DETECTION OF AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS BASED ON DNA INTERCALATION USING AN EVANESCENT-WAVE BIOSENSOR SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE GEL SCANNER; 4',6-DIAMIDINO-2-PHENYLINDOLE DAPI; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STRANDED-DNA; SENSITIVITY; COMPLEXES; SENSOR; BINDING; ETHIDIUM AB A now injection analysis system coupled with an evanescent wave biosensor employing total internal reflection of fluorescence radiation for the detection of the compounds that intercalate within DNA is reported. A highly fluorescent intercalator, ethidium bromide, has been used as the reference compound for the detection. The evanescent wave biosensor was developed using immobilized double-strand DNA (dsDNA) over the surface of a cylindrical wave guide. The response of the DNA-modified fiber is significantly higher than the response obtained with an unmodified fiber. The response of the biosensor at a constant concentration of ethidium bromide increases on increasing the concentration of immobilized dsDNA. At the steady-state response of the biosensor, obtained at a constant concentration of ethidium bromide, there is a decrease in the response to the injection of another DNA intercalator that competes for the intercalation sites on the dsDNA, displacing the ethidium bromide. This is immediately followed by recovery of the steady-state response. The decrease in the sensor response is a linear function of the concentrations of injected intercalator. Response curves for 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid, remazol brillant blue, decacyclene, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride are reported. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSOR TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 5 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1021/ac00101a003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QK144 UT WOS:A1995QK14400011 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, MM KOSTER, BJ OAKLEY, LM SCHILLER, SB WISE, SA AF SCHANTZ, MM KOSTER, BJ OAKLEY, LM SCHILLER, SB WISE, SA TI CERTIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS AND CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN A WHALE BLUBBER STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PCB CONGENERS; PHASES AB A Standard Reference Material (SRM) made from whale blubber has been developed for the validation of methods used for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and chlorinated pesticides. This material, which is a frozen blubber tissue homogenate, was analyzed using three different analytical techniques. These techniques were based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection on two stationary phases with different selectivity for the separation of PCB congeners and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The results from these three techniques were in good agreement and were combined to provide certified concentrations for 27 PCB congeners and 15 chlorinated pesticides. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV STAT ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SCHANTZ, MM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ANALYT CHEM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 5 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1021/ac00101a017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QK144 UT WOS:A1995QK14400025 PM 7762827 ER PT J AU MARX, E LETTIERI, TR VORBURGER, TV AF MARX, E LETTIERI, TR VORBURGER, TV TI LIGHT-SCATTERING BY SINUSOIDAL SURFACES - ILLUMINATION WINDOWS AND HARMONICS IN STANDARDS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ANGLE-RESOLVED SCATTERING; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; HARMONICS; LIGHT SCATTERING; SINUSOIDAL SURFACES; WINDOWING EFFECTS ID ROUGHNESS AB Sinusoidal surfaces can be used as material standards to help calibrate instruments that measure the angular distribution of the intensity of light scattered by arbitrary surfaces, because the power in the diffraction peaks varies over several orders of magnitude. The calculated power in the higher-order diffraction peaks from sinusoidal surfaces expressed in terms of Bessel functions is much smaller than the values determined from angular distributions that are measured or computed from measured profiles, both of which are determined mainly by the harmonic contents of the profile. The finite size of the illuminated area, represented by an illumination window, gives rise to a background that is much larger than the calculated power in the higher-order peaks. For a rectangular window of a size equal to an even number of periods of the sinusoid, a computation of the power distribution produces minima at or near the location of the diffraction angles for higher-order diffraction angles. RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1277 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA QK127 UT WOS:A1995QK12700016 PM 21037658 ER PT J AU MANN, WB UNTERWEGER, MP AF MANN, WB UNTERWEGER, MP TI THE NBS/NIST PELTIER-EFFECT MICROCALORIMETER - A 4-DECADE REVIEW SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZATION; NI-63 AB Radioactivity measurements made with the NBS/NIST Peltier-effect microcalorimeter since January 1954 are reviewed. RP MANN, WB (reprint author), NIST,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,RADIOACT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 46 IS 3 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(94)00119-K PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA QN745 UT WOS:A1995QN74500009 ER PT J AU ROSINSKI, J NAGAMOTO, CT ZHOU, MY AF ROSINSKI, J NAGAMOTO, CT ZHOU, MY TI ICE-FORMING NUCLEI OVER THE EAST-CHINA-SEA SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIR MASSES; CLOUDS; PARTICLES AB Ice-forming nucleus (IFN) population was determined for aerosol particles collected on filters over the East China Sea. The mode of ice nucleation studied was condensation-followed-by-freezing; experiments were performed in a dynamic chamber at a constant temperature and with continuous cooling at S-w = 0.3%. Ratios of IFN concentrations determined at a constant temperature to those determined during continuous cooling simulating an updraft were close to one (35%) and larger than one (65%). Ratios close to one indicate the absence of any deactivation of IFN during the growth of droplets; for ratios larger than one the dilution takes place during the entire cooling process, thus producing more dilute solutions of water-soluble salts in droplets and apparently deactivating some ice nucleating sites. IFN concentration maxima were found at 0600 and 1800 local time. Concentrations of IFN were found to be inversely proportional to the amount of air pollutants,but at a very high SO42- ion concentration IFN concentrations increased. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL RES CTR MARINE ENVIRONM FORECASTS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP ROSINSKI, J (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00029-D PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QT718 UT WOS:A1995QT71800006 ER PT J AU PLANAS, JV SWANSON, P AF PLANAS, JV SWANSON, P TI MATURATION-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE RESPONSE OF THE SALMON TESTIS TO THE STEROIDOGENIC ACTIONS OF GONADOTROPINS (GTH-I AND GTH-II) IN-VITRO SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID 2 DISTINCT GONADOTROPINS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-RHODURUS; SEX STEROIDS; AMAGO SALMON; COMMON CARP; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; INVITRO PRODUCTION; PITUITARY-GLANDS AB Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that salmon gonadotropins GTH I and GTH II have similar effects on testicular steroidogenesis in vitro. To determine whether the relative potencies of GTH I and GTH II changed during late stages of spermatogenesis, the effects of GTH I and GTH II on in vitro steroid production by testicular tissue from fish in stages IV to V of spermatogenesis were examined. Fragments of testicular tissue were incubated with GTH I and GTH II for 18 h at 15 degrees C. The in vitro production of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), testosterone (T), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P), and 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) was determined by RIA. GTH I and GTH II were equipotent in stimulating the production of 11-KT, T, and 17,20 beta-P (17OH-P was not detectable) by testicular tissue in stage IV of spermatogenesis. The sensitivity of testicular tissue to the steroidogenic effects of GTH II increased as spermatogenesis progressed. In contrast, the sensitivity of testicular tissue to the effects of GTH I on 17,20 beta-P production declined from stages IV to V, while the sensitivity of testicular tissue to the effects of GTH I on 11-KT production remained unchanged. These changes in sensitivity to GTH I and II are consistent with previously reported changes in GTH receptors in salmon testis and support the hypothesis that GTH I and GTH II may have different roles during spermatogenesis. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. RP PLANAS, JV (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,DEPT PHARMACOL SJ30,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 41 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1095/biolreprod52.3.697 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA QH179 UT WOS:A1995QH17900027 PM 7756464 ER PT J AU GREENHUT, GK JOCHUM, AM NEININGER, B AF GREENHUT, GK JOCHUM, AM NEININGER, B TI BOUNDARY-LAYER TURBULENT TRANSPORT AND PRODUCTION DESTRUCTION OF OZONE DURING SUMMERTIME SMOG EPISODES OVER THE SWISS PLATEAU SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUX; FOREST; URBAN; OCEAN AB Turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat and ozone were measured aboard a German Aerospace Research Establishment motorglider over the Swiss Plateau during the first field experiment of the Swiss air pollution experiment POLLUMET, In the lower part of the boundary layer, the ozone fluxes are negative (downward) throughout the day as a result of deposition and photochemical destruction at the surface. In the upper part of the boundary layer, the ozone fluxes tend to be negative until mid-afternoon and then become positive. The change in sign occurs after the ozone concentration in the boundary layer exceeds that in the reservoir above the inversion. Downdrafts bringing air parcels with ozone deficits across the inversion then become major contributors to the flux. The positive fluxes at upper levels result in an increase in flux divergence in mid-afternoon that is balanced by a relatively large source term in the ozone concentration budget. C1 DLR,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,D-82230 WESSELING,GERMANY. ETH ZURICH,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP GREENHUT, GK (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 73 IS 4 BP 357 EP 372 DI 10.1007/BF00712678 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QZ287 UT WOS:A1995QZ28700003 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, KE COLLETTE, BB RUSSO, JL AF CARPENTER, KE COLLETTE, BB RUSSO, JL TI UNSTABLE AND STABLE CLASSIFICATIONS OF SCOMBROID FISHES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS; TREES; SYSTEMATICS; DEFINITIONS; MORPHOLOGY; SCOMBRIDAE; HYPOTHESIS; NECESSITY; PHYLOGENY; BIOLOGY AB Many cladists believe that a classification should strictly reflect a cladistic hypothesis. Consequently, they propose classifications that often differ markedly from existing ones and are potentially unstable due to phylogenetic uncertainty. This is problematic for economically or ecologically important organisms since changing classifications can cause confusion in their management as resources. The classification of the 44 genera of scombroid fishes (the mackerels, tunas, billfishes, and their relatives) illustrates this problem of instability. Previous cladistic analyses and analyses presented in this paper, using different data sets, result in many different cladistic hypotheses. In addition, the inferred cladograms are unstable because of different plausible interpretations of character coding. A slight change in coding of a single character, the presence of splint-like gill rakers, changes cladistic relationships substantially. These many alternative cladistic hypotheses for scombroids can be converted into various cladistic classifications, all of which are substantially different from the classification currently in use. In contrast, a quantitative evolutionary systematic method produces a classification that is unchanged despite variations in the cladistic hypothesis. The evolutionary classification has the advantage of being consistent with the classification currently in use, it summarizes anagenetic information, and it can be considered a new form of cladistic classification since a cladistic hypothesis can-be unequivocally retrieved from an annotated form of the classification. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. SMITHSONIAN INST,OFF INFORMAT RES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP CARPENTER, KE (reprint author), UN,FAO,SPECIES IDENTIFICAT & DATA PROGRAMME,VIA TERME CARACALLA,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 379 EP 405 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QK207 UT WOS:A1995QK20700001 ER PT J AU POLOVINA, JJ MOFFITT, RB AF POLOVINA, JJ MOFFITT, RB TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PHYLLOSOMA OF THE SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS, IN THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC; LARVAE AB The distribution of Panulirus marginatus phyllosomes is relatively homogeneous throughout the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Specifically, the very low adult lobster abundance at Lisianski Island is likely not due to a lack of late-stage phyllosomes. The pelagic duration of the larvae of P. marginatus is estimated to be 12 months. Satellite-tracked drifter buoys provide evidence that eddies and the Subtropical Counter Current may retain phyllosomes around the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands for their 12-month pelagic period. RP POLOVINA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 406 EP 417 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QK207 UT WOS:A1995QK20700002 ER PT J AU EPPERLY, SP DODRILL, JW AF EPPERLY, SP DODRILL, JW TI CATCH RATES OF SNOWY GROUPER, EPINEPHELIUS-NIVEATUS, ON THE DEEP REEFS OF ONSLOW BAY, SOUTHEASTERN USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; UNITED-STATES; RECRUIT MODELS; STOCK; STRIATUS; HABITAT; FISHES; YIELD; SHELF AB The decline of a previously unexploited group of snowy grouper, Epinephelus niveatus, was monitored from June 1985-April 1986. The study area was located in Onslow Bay, off the central North Carolina coast. Snowy grouper dominated (>90%) the catches from the newly found reef and from other deepwater reefs in Onslow Bay. Catch rates, by weight, and mean size of fish taken from the newly discovered site were initially very high (67 kg . drop(-1) and 8.4 kg . fish(-1), respectively), but rapidly converged to values (7 kg . drop(-1) and 3.7 kg . fish(-1)) comparable to other previously exploited reefs. Larger fish had a higher probability of being caught. The newly found site was fished intensively for less than 3 mo, removing 3% of the population daily. The estimates of initial exploitable biomass ranged from 29.2-30.8 t (eviscerated weight), at a density of approximately 11 kg . m(-2). By early August, over 60% of the exploitable biomass had been removed, and the site could no longer support exclusive fishing during a trip; within a year over 80% had been removed. The newly discovered site contributed over 30% of the total amount of snowy grouper landed in North Carolina in 1985. C1 FLORIDA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV MARINE RESOURCES,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. RP EPPERLY, SP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 450 EP 461 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QK207 UT WOS:A1995QK20700005 ER PT J AU EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J CHESTER, AJ CROSS, FA MERRINER, JV TESTER, PA AF EPPERLY, SP BRAUN, J CHESTER, AJ CROSS, FA MERRINER, JV TESTER, PA TI WINTER DISTRIBUTION OF SEA-TURTLES IN THE VICINITY OF CAPE-HATTERAS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH THE SUMMER FLOUNDER TRAWL FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARETTA-CARETTA; ACID-BASE; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; SHELF AB Aerial surveys of North Carolina offshore waters between Cape Lookout and the North Carolina/Virginia state line were conducted November 1991-March 1992 to determine the abundance of sea turtles in the area where a trawl fishery for summer flounder was active, and to relate the distribution of turtles to physical oceanographic processes. Turtles were sighted throughout the winter as far north as Oregon Inlet. Individual surveys yielded surface density estimates greater than 12 turtles . 100 km(-2), depending on the method of analysis. The distribution of turtles appeared to be related to water temperature, with turtles being mostly in waters greater than or equal to 11 degrees C. Favorable temperature and depth regimes for sea turtles occur throughout the winter along the western edge of the Gulf Stream from the vicinity of Cape Hatteras southward. The nearshore waters of Raleigh Bay, more than any other nearshore area of the South Atlantic Bight, are affected in the winter by the warm, fast-moving Gulf Stream and its frontal eddies that impinge upon and override the narrow continental shelf. Characteristically the waters in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras are warmer in the winter than nearshore areas to the south. The narrowness of the continental shelf and the influence of the Gulf Stream on these nearshore regions serve to concentrate sea turtles emigrating from nearshore waters in the Middle Atlantic Eight and Pamlico and Core Sounds in the late fall and early winter. Thus, sea turtles can be at greater risk for interaction with fishing activity on the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras, during the winter, than in any other area in the South Atlantic Eight. The summer flounder fishery, operating between Cape May, New Jersey and Cape Lookout, North Carolina during November 1991-February 1992, was monitored for interactions with sea turtles. Observers were aboard nearly 6% of the reported trips landed in Virginia and North Carolina. The sea turtle catch comprised loggerheads (60%), Kemp's ridleys (36%), greens (2%), and a hawksbill (1%). The catch of Kemp's ridleys during November-Deecember 1991 south of Cape Hatteras was high (N = 26). Overall turtle catch rates were similar to those reported for the Atlantic shrimp fishery, but catch rates south of Cape Hatteras were 6-8 times higher than catch rates north of the Cape. A total of 1,063 turtles was estimated to have been caught November 1991-February 1992, and 89-181 were estimated to have died as a result of the trawl fishery. None of the turtles tagged during this study was recaptured during the study period, but three were recaptured subsequently; one had been resuscitated. Trawl activity was aggregated, and a number of turtles required resuscitation after 60 min tows. Sea turtle conservation regulations are needed for this fishery because the turtle/fishery interaction is great (>1,000 turtles estimated caught), the proportion caught that is Kemp's ridleys is high (35%), and the physical processes that concentrate the sea turtles on the fishing grounds are operable every winter. RP EPPERLY, SP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 547 EP 568 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QK207 UT WOS:A1995QK20700012 ER PT J AU YUTER, SE HOUZE, RA SMULL, BF MARKS, FD DAUGHERTY, JR BRODZIK, SR AF YUTER, SE HOUZE, RA SMULL, BF MARKS, FD DAUGHERTY, JR BRODZIK, SR TI TOGA COARE AIRCRAFT MISSION SUMMARY IMAGES - AN ELECTRONIC ATLAS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CLUSTERS; VIEW AB An electronic atlas of research aircraft missions in TOGA COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) has been prepared and is available on the Internet via World Wide Web browsers such as Mosaic. These maps are in the form of time sequences of color imagery assembled using the NCAR Zebra software. Initial versions of these maps were prepared in the field at the TOGA COARE Honiara Operations Center to aid in the evaluation of each aircraft mission immediately after it was flown. The maps prepared in the field have been updated, corrected, and remapped at standard scales and with common color schemes. They show the meteorological setting of sampling by all seven aircraft participating in TOGA COARE-the two NOAA WP-3D aircraft, the NCAR Electra, the FIAMS C-340, the UK C-130, and the NASA DC-8 and ER-2-by overlaying flight tracks, GMS satellite infrared data, and NOAA WP-SD airborne radar images. The map sequences are combined with text of scientists' notes and other background information on the research flights to form a summary of each aircraft mission. The resulting aircraft mission summaries are intended as a road map to the COARE aircraft dataset. They indicate where and when data were collected and the meteorological context for those data. As an electronic document, the atlas of aircraft mission summaries is available on demand, and it is dynamic: as further information becomes available, the mission summaries will continue to be added to and updated as appropriate, and new releases will be issued periodically. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,BOULDER,CO. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0319:TCAMSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QQ319 UT WOS:A1995QQ31900001 ER PT J AU KUMAR, A HOERLING, MP AF KUMAR, A HOERLING, MP TI PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SEASONAL ATMOSPHERIC GCM PREDICTIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PREDICTABILITY; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; WINTER AB Climate simulations and hindcast experiments of increasingly large ensemble size are being performed to determine the predictive capability of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) on seasonal or longer timescales. These have exhibited large sensitivity to anomalous boundary forcing associated with global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Large-scale patterns of climate anomalies are at times generated in the extratropics when the AGCM is forced by the SSTs associated with El Ni ($) over tilde no events. It remains to be determined whether on average such results imply useful predictive skill for seasonal means in the extratropics. Indeed, given the prospects for small, if not negligible, skill in the extratropics as revealed in variance tests of boundary-forced potential predictability, one is forced to question and examine the limits of AGCM methods. These issues are addressed within the context of a targe ensemble of climate simulations using an AGCM forced with observed SSTs for the 1982-93 period. From the analysis of the model data it is argued that the impact of interannual changes in SSTs is to create a shift in the extratropical-mean state, although this shift is small and resides within the envelope of atmospheric states attained with climatological SSTs. This effect does not have any appreciable impact on the total variance of seasonal-mean atmospheric states and confirms the conclusions drawn from earlier studies. A reliable detection of the boundary-forced shift in the mean state, however, is shown to be feasible when a sufficiently large ensemble of model runs is considered. The shift in the mean state has a certain probability of being in phase with the observed seasonal anomalies. Indeed, the benefit of generating the ensemble prediction lies in the fact that it is the ensemble-mean response that nature has the greatest probability of selecting. Nonetheless, to the extent that the observed anomalies are at least partly the result of natural variability, AGCM-based seasonal predictions will be inherently probabilistic. Implications for AGCM simulations of the extratropical response to the boundary forcing, and for seasonal-mean predictions in general, are discussed. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 28 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<0335:PALOSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QQ319 UT WOS:A1995QQ31900003 ER PT J AU Laidig, TE Adams, PB Baxter, CH Butler, JL AF Laidig, TE Adams, PB Baxter, CH Butler, JL TI Feeding on euphausiids by Octopus rubescens SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 1995 VL 81 IS 2 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA TW369 UT WOS:A1995TW36900004 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, LD MACCALL, AD AF JACOBSON, LD MACCALL, AD TI STOCK-RECRUITMENT MODELS FOR PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS-SAGAX) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; SCOMBER-JAPONICUS; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; COHORT ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS VPA; REGRESSION; FISH; CALIFORNIA AB We used generalized additive models to study the recruitment of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) along western North America and to compare the effects of fishing and environmental factors on the stock. We found significant relationships between the logarithm of sardine reproductive success (recruits per unit of spawning biomass) and average sea surface temperature (SST), as well as between sardine recruitment, spawning biomass, and average SST. Simulation and time series analyses were used to evaluate bias, variance, and statistical power for one of our models. Correlation with log reproductive success was highest when average SST data included temperatures after the period of larval development, indicating that recruitment estimates were affected by environmentally driven changes in availability of older sardine to the fishery. Predicted equilibrium biomass and MSY for sardine are lower under environmental conditions that prevail when temperatures are colder. Long-term fluctuations in the environment may cause long-term fluctuations in sardine productivity, and little or no sardine harvest may be sustainable during periods of adverse environmental conditions and cold temperatures. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP JACOBSON, LD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 54 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 566 EP 577 DI 10.1139/f95-057 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RR807 UT WOS:A1995RR80700013 ER PT J AU PALMER, AJ AF PALMER, AJ TI NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF TURBULENCE IN A STABLE CLOUD LAYER SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; DIMENSION; WEATHER; MODEL RP PALMER, AJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 1995 VL 5 IS 1 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1063/1.166079 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA RA282 UT WOS:A1995RA28200039 ER PT J AU ELLERBE, P SNIEGOSKI, LT WELCH, MJ AF ELLERBE, P SNIEGOSKI, LT WELCH, MJ TI ISOTOPE-DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AS A CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING TOTAL GLYCERIDES AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN SERUM SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYCEROL; CHOLESTEROL; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ID CORTISOL; CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE AB A new isotope dilution mass spectrometric method for total glycerides and triglycerides in human serum is described. Total glycerides are defined as the sum of tri-, di-, and monoglycerides plus free glycerol; triglycerides are defined as the pure triglyceride species. In both determinations, serum samples are supplemented by addition of [C-13(3)]tripalmitin, processed, derivatized, and the abundance ratios of selected ions are determined. Bias is investigated by quantifying the analyte in the same samples under different chromatographic and ionization conditions. The analytes were determined in two human serum pools. The CV for a single measurement ranged from 0.35% to 0.72%, and the relative SEM ranged from 0.10% to 0.34%; there was no significant bias in the measurements. The combination of high precision and absence of significant bias in the results qualify this method for consideration as a Definitive Method as defined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. RP ELLERBE, P (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA QM348 UT WOS:A1995QM34800010 PM 7882515 ER PT J AU STADE, E LAYTON, EG AF STADE, E LAYTON, EG TI GENERALIZED DISCRETE FOURIER-TRANSFORMS - THE DISCRETE FOURIER-RICCATI-BESSEL TRANSFORM SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX THEORY AB We present and demonstrate a discrete Fourier-Riccati-Bessel transform that incorporates Neumann boundary conditions. We also suggest that this methodology, which originated with H.F. Johnson, can be applied to other discrete Fourier-type transforms with different boundary conditions. This project was originally motivated by the development of the generalized Fourier-grid R-matrix scattering method. We present the transform itself, its derivation, analysis of the approximations involved, and some applications. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP STADE, E (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MATH,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Stade, Eric/C-5227-2012 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 336 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0010-4655(94)00124-K PG 35 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA QL352 UT WOS:A1995QL35200002 ER PT J AU POLOVINA, JJ HAIGHT, WR MOFFITT, RB PARRISH, FA AF POLOVINA, JJ HAIGHT, WR MOFFITT, RB PARRISH, FA TI THE ROLE OF BENTHIC HABITAT, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND FISHING ON THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF THE SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS (DECAPODA, PALINURIDAE), IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management CY JUL 25-31, 1993 CL KITASATO UNIV, SCH FISHERIES SCI, SANRIKU, JAPAN HO KITASATO UNIV, SCH FISHERIES SCI ID RECRUITMENT AB Temporal and spacial variation in relative abundance and production of spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus in the northwestern Hawaiian islands has been documented from commercial catch-and-effort and research trapping data. Data on benthic habitat collected from scuba transects and data on oceanography, and the pelagic distribution of larval lobsters are used to explain adult lobster temporal and spatial variation. We find the amount of 5-30 cm vertical relief and the height of bank summits explain considerable spatial variation in lobster abundance. Considerable interannual variation in lobster production at the northwestern portion of the fishing grounds is explained by the sea level gradient along the archipelago which appears to measure the strength of the Subtropical Counter Current, Evidence of a 50% drop in recruitment to the fishery has been observed since 1989. Recruitment overfishing and a decadal climate event may be responsible for this recruitment decline. RP POLOVINA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD MAR PY 1995 VL 68 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1163/156854095X00106 PN 2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QK868 UT WOS:A1995QK86800010 ER PT J AU KELLY, JR AF KELLY, JR TI PERSPECTIVES ON STRENGTH SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; DENTAL CERAMICS; FLEXURE TEST; ALUMINA; FRACTURE; FATIGUE AB Strength values are often relied upon as indicators of structural performance for brittle dental materials. Strength, however, is more of a ''conditional'' than an inherent material property, and strength data alone cannot be directly extrapolated to predict structural performance. Strength data are meaningful when placed into context via knowledge of material microstructure, processing history, testing methodology, testing environment and failure mechanism(s). Structural failure is determined by additional failure probability variables (in concert with strength) that describe stress distributions, flaw size distributions, and that can account for either single or multiple failure modes. Lifetime predictions require additional information about the time dependence of slow crack growth. Basic fracture mechanics principles and Weibull failure modeling will be reviewed for the perspective they provide in understanding strength and the data obtained using various laboratory tests. Examples will be given to demonstrate how failed specimens can provide crucial information to either validate or question the failure mechanisms invoked during laboratory testing. The role of interfacial stresses is discussed as applied to dental structures of current interest. Overall, it is emphasized that an understanding of actual clinical failure modes is absolutely necessary before results of in vitro strength testing can be considered to have clinical validity. C1 USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP KELLY, JR (reprint author), NIST,DENT & MED MAT GRP,BLDG 224-A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 68 TC 163 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(95)80043-3 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA RY521 UT WOS:A1995RY52100006 PM 8621029 ER PT J AU BENCE, JR AF BENCE, JR TI ANALYSIS OF SHORT-TIME SERIES - CORRECTING FOR AUTOCORRELATION SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTOCORRELATION; AUTOREGRESSIVE; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; INDEPENDENCE; REGRESSION; SERIAL CORRELATION; STATISTICS; TIME-SERIES; 2-STAGE ESTIMATOR ID AUTO-CORRELATED ERRORS; MARGINAL LIKELIHOOD; LINEAR-MODEL; ESTIMATORS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; REGRESSION; POWER AB Short time series are common in environmental and ecological studies. For sample sizes of 10 to 50, I examined the performance of methods for adjusting confidence intervals of the mean and parameters of a linear regression for autocorrelation. Similar analyses are common in econometric studies, and serious concerns have been raised about the adequacy of the common adjustment approaches, especially for estimating the slope of a linear regression when the explanatory variable has a time trend. Use of a bias-corrected estimate of the autocorrelation, either in an adjusted t test or in a two-stage approach, outperformed other methods, including maximum likelihood and bootstrap estimators, in terms of confidence interval coverage. The bias correction was, however, sometimes awkward to apply. It was generally better to test for autocorrelation at the 0.5 level and use ordinary least squares if the test was not significant, although this pretesting mainly helped for weak autocorrelation and small sample sizes. For the best methods, the coverage was sometimes still substantially less than the stated 95% when autocorrelation was strong, even for sample sizes as large as 50. This was true for estimates of the mean, the regression intercept, and, when the explanatory variable had a time trend, the slope. Simulation results and an example show that different adjustment methods can produce substantially different estimates and confidence intervals. Cautious interpretation of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests is recommended. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON,CA 94920. RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 51 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 2 BP 628 EP 639 DI 10.2307/1941218 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QL931 UT WOS:A1995QL93100027 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, SR CHRISTENSEN, DL COLE, JJ COTTINGHAM, KL HE, X HODGSON, JR KITCHELL, JF KNIGHT, SE PACE, ML POST, DM SCHINDLER, DE VOICHICK, N AF CARPENTER, SR CHRISTENSEN, DL COLE, JJ COTTINGHAM, KL HE, X HODGSON, JR KITCHELL, JF KNIGHT, SE PACE, ML POST, DM SCHINDLER, DE VOICHICK, N TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN LAKES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH REMOVAL; BIOMANIPULATION; RESTORATION; BIOMASS AB Eutrophication of lakes, expressed as excess growth of planktonic algae, is caused by excessive inputs of phosphorus and can be mitigated by many mechanisms, including grazing. However, it has been hypothesized that grazing becomes ineffective with even modest increases in P input. We tested this contention directly by fertilizing lakes that had contrasting food webs. A lake with zooplanktivorous fishes and small grazers accumulated algal biomass as predicted by Vollenweider's model of eutrophication. A lake with piscivorous fishes and large grazers accumulated about half the algal biomass predicted by the model. However, blue-green algae bloomed in both lakes. Grazing may effectively control total algal biomass over a relatively wide range of P input rates, but may not suppress irruptions of nuisance algae. C1 INST ECOSYST STUDIES,MILLBROOK,NY 12545. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96822. ST NORBERT COLL,DEPT BIOL,DE PERE,WI 54115. RP CARPENTER, SR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LIMNOL,680 N PK ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Post, David/A-6987-2009; Cottingham, Kathryn/H-1593-2012; OI Post, David/0000-0003-1434-7729; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131 NR 24 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1021/es00003a028 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QJ908 UT WOS:A1995QJ90800043 ER PT J AU NISHIMOTO, M LEEBERHART, BT SANBORN, HR KRONE, C VARANASI, U STEIN, JE AF NISHIMOTO, M LEEBERHART, BT SANBORN, HR KRONE, C VARANASI, U STEIN, JE TI EFFECTS OF A COMPLEX MIXTURE OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS ON HEPATIC GLUTATHIONE, L-CYSTEINE AND GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE IN ENGLISH SOLE (PLEURONECTES VETULUS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLUTATHIONE; L-CYSTEINE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; XENOBIOTICS; FISH ID MUGIL-CEPHALUS L; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PUGET-SOUND; CHANNEL CATFISH; MESSENGER-RNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; METABOLISM; CHLOROTHALONIL AB The effects of chemical contaminants on concentrations of hepatic glutathione (GSH), cysteine (L-Cys), and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) were assessed in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) in the laboratory and in fish from the Duwamish Waterway, a contaminated urban site in Puget Sound, Washington. In the laboratory studies, fish from a nonurban (reference) site were exposed to an organic-solvent extract of sediment from the Duwamish Waterway. Hepatic GSH concentrations significantly increased at 3 d after exposure to the extract at 1,000 g sediment extracted/kg fish. At this time point, hepatic GSH showed a dose-dependent increase at dosages ranging from 300 to 1,600 g sediment extracted/kg fish, whereas fish exposed to a reference sediment extract showed no increase. Moreover, the increases in GSH in fish exposed to the contaminated sediment extract were not accompanied by changes in either L-Cys concentrations or gamma-GCS activity. Similarly, fish sampled directly from the Duwamish Waterway showed increased GSH concentrations but showed no significant differences in L-Cys levels or gamma-GCS activity compared to fish from a reference site. These results substantiate that hepatic GSH in fish is responsive to chemical contaminant exposure and further support its use as a biomarker in environmental monitoring studies. The findings also indicate that L-Cys availability and induction of gamma-GCS were not major factors in the increase of hepatic GSH in contaminant-exposed English sole. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[461:EOACMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900016 ER PT J AU KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF AF KUKKONEN, J LANDRUM, PF TI EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT-BOUND POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENZO[A]PYRENE IN LAKE SEDIMENT TO LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TOXICOKINETICS; BENZO[A]PYRENE; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANES; LUMBRICULUS VARIEGATUS; PARTICLE SIZE ID PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; BIOTRANSFORMATION; TOXICOKINETICS; BENZO(A)PYRENE; HYDROCARBONS; DEPURATION; SILICONES AB Oligochaetes, Lumbriculus variegatus, were exposed to Lake Michigan sediment spiked in the laboratory with poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at two different concentrations (50 and 150 mu g g(-1)). Additionally, these sediment samples and one without PDMS were spiked with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (about 190 pg g(-1)). The accumulation of PDMS and BaP, survival, wet weight, and defecation of the animals were monitored. Lumbriculus variegatus accumulated sediment-associated BaP rapidly and achieved steady state within 96 to 168 h. The BaP uptake clearances (K-s, g sediment g(-1) animal h(-1)) were 0.069, 0.060, and 0.056 for BaP only, BaP with low-dose PDMS, and BaP with high-dose PDMS exposures, respectively. The BaP bioaccumulation factor was reduced by PDMS in the sediment. Only very low concentrations of PDMS were found associated with the worms, with suggests some surface sorption or association with material in the gut. Elimination of BaP in clean sediment was rapid, but elimination in water was much slower. Elimination rate constants for BaP, k(e), were 0.0229 +/- 0.0011 h(-1) for sediment and 0.0004 +/- 0.0004 h(-1) water-only depuration. The PDMS was excreted within 10 h both in sediment-associated material inside the organisms' gut. Animals were not purged before analyses, and several approaches were investigated for estimating the contribution of the intestinal contents. Based on both measurements and calculations, sediment-associated BaP in the gut contributes less than 10% of total body burden. Thus, a 10-h water-only purge was found to be the most appropriate method for eliminating the gut-content influence on the body burden. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. UNIV JOENSUU,DEPT BIOL,SF-80101 JOENSUU,FINLAND. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[523:EOSPOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QH199 UT WOS:A1995QH19900022 ER PT J AU SCHWARZ, FP TELLO, D GOLDBAUM, FA MARIUZZA, RA POLJAK, RJ AF SCHWARZ, FP TELLO, D GOLDBAUM, FA MARIUZZA, RA POLJAK, RJ TI THERMODYNAMICS OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY BINDING USING SPECIFIC ANTILYSOZYME ANTIBODIES SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY BINDING; HYDROGEN BONDING; LYSOZYME; THERMODYNAMICS; TITRATION CALORIMETRY ID X-RAY DIFFRACTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; FAB FRAGMENTS; SURFACE-AREA; COMPLEX; PROTEINS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CRYSTALLIZATION; ASSOCIATION; RECOGNITION AB Titration calorimetry measurements on the binding of hen lysozyme to the specific monoclonal IgG antibodies D1.3, D11.15, D44.1, F9.13.7, F10.6.6, their papain-cleaved antigen binding fragments (Fab) and their protein-engineered fragments consisting of non-covalently linked heavy variable chain and light variable chain domains (Fv) were performed between 6-50 degrees C in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M sodium phosphate pH 7.1. The binding thermodynamic free energy change (Delta G(b) degrees), enthalpy change (Delta H-b), and entropy change (Delta S-b,) were the same for the whole IgG and its Fv and Fab fragments. With the exception of F9.13.7 at 13 degrees C, all the binding reactions were enthalpically driven with enthalpy changes ranging from -129 +/- 7 kJ mol(-1) (D1.3 at 49.8 degrees C) to -26.2 +/- 0.6 kJ mol(-1) (D44.1 at 8.0 degrees C). The heat capacity changes for the binding reaction (Delta C-p) ranged from -2.72 +/- 0.16 kJ mol(-1) K-1 (F9.13.7) to -0.95 +/- 0.06 kJ mol(-1) K-1 (F10.6.6). The apolar surface areas buried at the binding sites estimated from the heat capacity changes indicate that the binding reactions are primarily hydrophobic, contrary to the mainly observed enthalpy-driven nature of the reactions. Conformational stabilization and the presence of water at the antigen-antibody interface may account for this discrepancy. C1 NIST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. INST PASTEUR,PARIS,FRANCE. RP SCHWARZ, FP (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 42 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 228 IS 2 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QK722 UT WOS:A1995QK72200024 PM 7705353 ER PT J AU HARD, JJ AF HARD, JJ TI SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND THE FISHERIES SCIENTIST SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Fisheries science faces the prospect of a shrinking pool of qualified recruits at the same time demand is increasing for its scientists. The traditional approach to educating the fisheries scientist typically immerses the student in issues and techniques specific to fisheries, often at the expense of a solid foundation in the basic sciences, especially biology, chemistry, and applied mathematics. Specialization is no substitute for a broad foundation in basic science and mathematics-such a foundation is essential to effectiveness in modern fisheries science. Consequently, the traditional approach to educating fisheries scientists may not serve the best interests of the fisheries profession. I propose an alternative approach that emphasizes undergraduate exposure to the basic sciences and development of quantitative skills, postponing fisheries specialization until advanced graduate school (primarily via the thesis or dissertation) or employment training. Such an approach will be costly in the short term but should ultimately supply the fisheries science community with scientists who are better equipped to resolve scientific and management problems. RP HARD, JJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1995)020<0010:SEATFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QK570 UT WOS:A1995QK57000003 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, JL LEQUERE, C PACALA, SW AF SARMIENTO, JL LEQUERE, C PACALA, SW TI LIMITING FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC UPTAKE; TREE GROWTH; WORLD OCEAN; CO2; CLIMATE; MODEL; RESPIRATION; CYCLE; RADIOCARBON; ECOSYSTEMS AB We estimate anthropogenic carbon emissions required to stabilize future atmospheric CO2 at various levels ranging from 350 ppm to 750 ppm. Over the next three centuries, uptake by the ocean and terrestrial biosphere would permit emissions to be 3 to 6 times greater than the total atmospheric increase, with each of them contributing approximately equal amounts. Owing to the nonlinear dependence of oceanic and terrestrial biospheric uptake on CO2 concentration, the uptake by these two sinks decreases substantially at higher atmospheric CO2 levels. The uptake also decreases with increased atmospheric CO2 growth rate. All the stabilization scenarios require a substantial future reduction in emissions. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, POB CN710, SAYRE HALL, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RI Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 57 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1029/94GB01779 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RB220 UT WOS:A1995RB22000008 ER PT J AU LEE, SC HUTCHINSON, JMR INN, KGW THEIN, M AF LEE, SC HUTCHINSON, JMR INN, KGW THEIN, M TI AN INTERCOMPARISON STUDY OF NP-237 DETERMINATION IN ARTIFICIAL URINE SAMPLES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NEPTUNIUM; BIOASSAY; ALPHA PARTICLES; EXCRETION, URINE ID NEPTUNIUM AB An intercomparison study of low-level Np-237 determination in artificial urine samples has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to find the ''optimal'' method presently available for use in a routine in-vitro radiobioassay program for occupationally exposed workers. Four synthetic urine samples with differing Np-237 concentrations were prepared: (1) 3 mBq kg(-1) of Np-237; (2) 3 mBq kg(-1) of Np-237 with natural uranium, Pu-239 and Am-241 as interferences; (3) 50 mBq kg(-1) of Np-237; and (4) a matrix blank. The solutions mere submitted to 10 alpha-particle and 10 inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) laboratories of which six and four laboratories, respectively, returned results. Two laboratories performed assays using both techniques. The radiochemical method of choice used Np-239 as the tracer, which utilized a combination of coprecipitation and anion-exchange separation. The best results obtained by ICP-MS were comparable with but not better than the most accurate results obtained by alpha-particle spectrometry. Alpha-particle spectrometry measurements overall gave consistently better agreement with known values. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP LEE, SC (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CARLSBAD ENVIRONM MONITORING & RES CTR, CARLSBAD, NM 88220 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 68 IS 3 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1097/00004032-199503000-00007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA QH446 UT WOS:A1995QH44600009 PM 7860306 ER PT J AU ALBERS, J AF ALBERS, J TI AN EXACT RECURSION RELATION SOLUTION FOR THE STEADY-STATE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE OF A GENERAL MULTILAYER STRUCTURE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Semiconductor Thermal Management and Measurement Symposium CY FEB 01-03, 1994 CL SAN JOSE, CA ID RESISTANCE AB A recursion relation technique has been used in the past to determine the surface potential from the multilayer electrical Laplace equation, This has provided for a vastly simplified evaluation of the electrical spreading resistance and four-probe resistance, The isomorphism of the multilayer Laplace equation and the multilayer steady-state heat flow equation suggests the possibility of developing a recursion relation applicable to the multilayer thermal problem, This recursive technique is developed acid is shown to provide the surface temperature of the multilayer steady-state heat flow equation, For the three-layer case, the thermal recursion relation readily yields the surface results, which are identical with those presented by Kokkas and the TXYZ thermal code, This recursive technique can be used with any number of layers while incurring only a small increase in computation time for each added layer. For the case of complete, uniform top surface coverage by a heat source, the technique gives rise to the generalized one-dimensional thermal resistance result, An example of the use of the new recursive method is provided by the preliminary calculations of the surface temperature of a buried oxide (SOI, SIMOX) structure containing several thicknesses of the surface silicon layers, This new technique should prove useful in the investigation and understanding of the steady-state thermal response of modern multilayer microelectronic structures. RP ALBERS, J (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9886 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK A JI IEEE Trans Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. Part A PD MAR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1109/95.370732 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QN165 UT WOS:A1995QN16500007 ER PT J AU BAUER, P GRODY, NC AF BAUER, P GRODY, NC TI THE POTENTIAL OF COMBINING SSM/I AND SSM/T2 MEASUREMENTS TO IMPROVE THE IDENTIFICATION OF SNOWCOVER AND PRECIPITATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; WATER-VAPOR; SNOW COVER; MODEL; SEA; CLASSIFICATION; FREQUENCIES; SIMULATIONS AB The potential of passive microwave radiometry for classifying snowcover and precipitation using measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Profiler (SSM/T2) is investigated by modelling the radiative transfer for different surface types and atmospheric conditions. The model accounts for various land surfaces and vegetation covers, different snow types as well as wind roughened ocean water, The atmospheric part includes multiple scattering and depolarization by cloud droplets and precipitating water as well as ice spheres. It was found, that the combination of a window channel (91 GHz) and an atmospheric sounding channel (183+/-7 GHz) can improve the separation of snowcover and precipitation which is difficult by using only SSM/I channels. The 183+/-7 GHz channel is strongly influenced by the water vapor distribution which makes its use difficult for warm rain cases and low cloud tops. Then, the signature at this frequency is not unique and the above relation gives no further improvement of the classification. However, the identification of rainfall over cold land backgrounds can be significantly improved, which is illustrated by the application of a combined SSM/I-SSM/T2 algorithm to two satellite datasets when compared to the SSM/I algorithm and to operational surface weather maps. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20748. RP BAUER, P (reprint author), GERMAN AEROSP RES ESTAB,SPACE SYST ANAL GRP,COLOGNE,GERMANY. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1109/36.377925 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA QN940 UT WOS:A1995QN94000003 ER PT J AU HEFNER, AR AF HEFNER, AR TI MODELING BUFFER LAYER IGBTS FOR CIRCUIT SIMULATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB The dynamic behavior of commercially available buffer layer IGBT's is described. It is shown that buffer layer IGBT's become much faster at high voltages than nonbuffer layer IGBT's with similar low voltage characteristics. Because the fall times specified in manufacturers' data sheets do not reflect the voltage dependence of switching speed, a new method of selecting devices for different circuit applications is suggested. A buffer layer IGBT model is developed and implemented into the Saber circuit simulator, and a procedure is developed to extract the model parameters for buffer layer IGBT's. It is shown that the new buffer layer IGBT model can be used to describe the dynamic behavior and power dissipation of buffer layer IGBT's in user-defined application circuits, The results of the buffer layer IGBT model are verified using commercially available IGBT's. RP HEFNER, AR (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1109/63.372596 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QN167 UT WOS:A1995QN16700002 ER PT J AU JONES, A RABELO, L YIH, YW AF JONES, A RABELO, L YIH, YW TI A HYBRID APPROACH FOR REAL-TIME SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID NEURAL NETWORKS; ARCHITECTURE; SYSTEMS AB An approach for real-time sequencing and scheduling is described which integrates artificial neural networks, real-time simulation, genetic algorithms, and a trace-driven knowledge acquisition technique. This approach will be used to solve both single machine sequencing and multi-machine scheduling problems. Single-performance, artificial neural nets are used to quickly generate a small set of candidate sequencing or scheduling rules from some larger set of heuristics. A more detailed evaluation of these candidates is carried out using realtime simulation. This evaluation is necessary to generate a ranking that specifies how each rule performs against all of the performance measures. A further reduction of these candidates can be achieved from this ranking. Genetic algorithms are applied to this remaining set of rules to generate a single 'best' schedule. To capture the knowledge contained in that schedule, a trace-driven knowledge acquisition technique is used. Then, the derived rule is added to the original set of heuristics for future use. In this paper, we describe how this integrated approach is envisioned to work, and provide an example. C1 OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP JONES, A (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMP INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1080/09511929508944638 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA QK650 UT WOS:A1995QK65000007 ER PT J AU COOPER, LY AF COOPER, LY TI THE INTERACTION OF AN ISOLATED SPRINKLER SPRAY AND A 2-LAYER COMPARTMENT FIRE ENVIRONMENT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATING LIQUID DROPLETS AB A model is developed to simulate the interaction of a sprinkler and a two-layer fire environment under arbitrary conditions of sprinkler elevation, upper- and lower-layer thickness, and temperature. The sprinkler is characterized by a water flow rate and four measurable device parameters. The model simulates the effects of the sprinkler spray as it entrains, drives downward, humidifies, and cools gases in the upper and lower layers. It predicts the flow rates. of mass, enthalpy, products of combustion and evaporated water to each of the two layers as a result of sprinkler operation. Results of example calculations are presented. RP COOPER, LY (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1016/0017-9310(94)00188-2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA QK764 UT WOS:A1995QK76400010 ER PT J AU COPPOLA, VT MILLER, BR AF COPPOLA, VT MILLER, BR TI SYNCHRONIZATION OF PERTURBED NONLINEAR HAMILTONIAN OSCILLATORS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB We develop a new transformation method for simplifying perturbed non-linear Hamiltonians with one degree of freedom in ''generalized'' action-angle variables. The method uses non-canonical Lie transformations. The first transformation is chosen to eliminate all perturbation terms from the transformed Hamiltonian. It completely determines the shape of the perturbed orbits; however, a separate time equation must be solved to relate the motion of the perturbed system with the transformed Thus, we view the transformation as a synchronization of the perturbed motion with the motion along an unperturbed orbit. The second transformation inverts the time equation to produce solutions which are explicit, rather than implicit, in time. These solutions are shown to be equivalent to solutions found using a traditional normalization procedure. Our approach disencumbers the shape of a perturbed orbit from the phase-time relation on the orbit. Furthermore, it avoids the difficulties found in the averaging procedure involving partitioning and integration of periodic functions for as long as possible. This is important for non-linear oscillators since partitioning and integration can be much more involved than for harmonic oscillators described by trigonometric functions. Finally, we demonstrate the method on a perturbed Duffing oscillator in which the periodic functions are elliptic functions. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP COPPOLA, VT (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0020-7462(94)00025-6 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA QM630 UT WOS:A1995QM63000001 ER PT J AU MUZNY, CD HANSEN, D STRATY, GC EVANS, DJ HANLEY, HJM AF MUZNY, CD HANSEN, D STRATY, GC EVANS, DJ HANLEY, HJM TI SIMULATION AND SANS STUDIES OF GELATION UNDER SHEAR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE COLLOIDAL SILICA; GELATION; LENNARD-JONES FLUID; NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; SHEAR; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; STRUCTURE FACTOR; 2-DIMENSIONAL FLUID ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; FLUIDS; SILICA; AGGREGATION; APPARATUS; AEROGELS; GELS AB Computer simulations of a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones fluid undergoing spinodal decomposition are reported for the system subjected to planar Couette Bow. Key results are the images of the atomic structure and plots of the corresponding pair correlation functions. A companion small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of shear-influenced gelation in colloidal silica suspensions at volume fractions phi = 0.1, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 is discussed. It is found that the scattered intensity-wave vector curves from the unsheared gels obey a power law for phi < 0.24. At higher volume fractions, the power law does not seem to be followed, Shear, however, induces an apparent fractal structure in the gel at phi = 0.24. Results from the computer and the SANS experiments indicate that the spinodal decomposition process and the gelation mechanism have features in common. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH CHEM,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,CONDENSED MATTER LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Hansen, David/B-7533-2011; Evans, Denis/C-1653-2009 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1007/BF01441899 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QU937 UT WOS:A1995QU93700005 ER PT J AU NARAYAN, AP RAINWATER, JC HANLEY, HJM AF NARAYAN, AP RAINWATER, JC HANLEY, HJM TI NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW BETWEEN CONCENTRIC CYLINDERS CALCULATED FROM THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OBTAINED FROM SIMULATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION; COUETTE FLOW; RHEOLOGY; SHEAR THICKENING; SOFT-SPHERE FLUID; WEISSENBERG EFFECT ID LIQUID AB A study of the Weissenberg effect (rod climbing in a stirred system) based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) is reported. Simulation results from a soft-sphere fluid are used to obtain a self-consistent free-surface profile of the fluid of finite compressibility undergoing Couette flow between concentric cylinders. A numerical procedure is then applied to calculate the height profile for a hypothetical fluid with thermophysical properties of the soft-sphere liquid and of a dense colloidal suspension. The height profile calculated is identified with shear thickening and the forms of the viscometric functions. The maximum climb occurs between the cylinders rather than at the inner cylinder. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1007/BF01441900 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QU937 UT WOS:A1995QU93700006 ER PT J AU VANPOOLEN, LJ RAINWATER, JC AF VANPOOLEN, LJ RAINWATER, JC TI VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA OF TERNARY MIXTURES IN THE CRITICAL REGION ON PATHS OF CONSTANT-TEMPERATURE AND OVERALL COMPOSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Comm Thermophys Properties HO UNIV COLORADO DE CRITICAL REGION; ETHANE; LEUNG-GRIFFITHS MODEL; N-BUTANE; N-PENTANE; PHASE RULE; TERNARY MIXTURES; VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM AB High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the ternary mixture ethane + n-butane + n-pentane due to Thodos and co-workers have been correlated by a ternary version of the modified Leung-Griffiths model. Data were taken along paths of constant temperature and approximately constant overall composition, and a separate test was made for such constancy. Seventeen different specified overall compositions at four different temperatures were correlated. In general, agreement between the correlation and data is very good, particularly for those curves that satisfy the test for constant overall composition. The ternary model has been constructed from correlations of each of the three constituent binaries without any further adjustable parameters. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. CALVIN COLL,DEPT ENGN,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49546. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA QU937 UT WOS:A1995QU93700019 ER PT J AU PRABHAKAR, A AF PRABHAKAR, A TI NIST SUPPORT FOR MANUFACTURERS SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP PRABHAKAR, A (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA QU009 UT WOS:A1995QU00900004 ER PT J AU TOUMA, JS COX, WM THISTLE, H ZAPERT, JG AF TOUMA, JS COX, WM THISTLE, H ZAPERT, JG TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DENSE GAS DISPERSION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Specialty Conference on the Role of Meteorology in Managing the Environment in the 90s CY JAN, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER METEOROL SOC AB This paper summarizes the results of a study to evaluate the performance of seven dense gas dispersion models using data from three held experiments. Two models (DEGADIS and SLAB) are in the public domain and the other five (AIRTOX, CHARM, FOCUS, SAFEMODE, and TRACE) are proprietary. The field data used are the Desert Tortoise pressurized ammonia releases, Burro liquefied natural gas spill tests, and the Goldfish anhydrous hydrofluoric acid spill experiments. Desert Tortoise and Goldfish releases were simulated as horizontal jet releases, and Burro as a liquid pool. Performance statistics were used to compare maximum observed concentrations and plume half-width to those predicted by each model. Model performance varied and no model exhibited consistently good performance across all three databases. However, when combined across the three databases, all models performed within a factor of 2. Problems encountered are discussed in order to help future investigators. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,MISSOULA,MT. TRC ENVIRONM CORP,AUSTIN,MN. RP TOUMA, JS (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 603 EP 615 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0603:PEODGD>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK452 UT WOS:A1995QK45200003 ER PT J AU TOUMA, JS IRWIN, JS TIKVART, JA COULTER, CT AF TOUMA, JS IRWIN, JS TIKVART, JA COULTER, CT TI A REVIEW OF PROCEDURES FOR UPDATING AIR-QUALITY MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR REGULATORY PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Specialty Conference on the Role of Meteorology in Managing the Environment in the 90s CY JAN, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER METEOROL SOC ID DISPERSION MODEL; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; CTDMPLUS AB Air quality models are a key component in determining pollution control requirements. To ensure that the best techniques are used, modeling guidance must be flexible and include better techniques as they become available. Revisions to modeling guidance require an assessment of the scientific basis, a model performance evaluation using observed data, sensitivity analysis for impact on design concentrations and data input requirements, and public review and comment before formal adoption in regulatory programs. The procedures used in reviewing new techniques are examined in this paper, and past actions are discussed. The appropriateness of adopting a new method for modeling area sources characterized by low-level releases with little buoyancy is provided as an example of the revision review process. While this process is lengthy, it ensures that decisions on potentially costly pollution controls are based on full public participation and sound scientific developments. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP TOUMA, JS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,MD-14,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<0731:AROPFU>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK452 UT WOS:A1995QK45200011 ER PT J AU REICHERT, W CHEN, CY LI, WM SHIELD, JE COHEN, RM SIMONS, DS CHI, PH AF REICHERT, W CHEN, CY LI, WM SHIELD, JE COHEN, RM SIMONS, DS CHI, PH TI INCORPORATION OF ZN IN GAAS DURING ORGANOMETALLIC VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY GROWTH COMPARED TO EQUILIBRIUM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; INTERDIFFUSION C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP REICHERT, W (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1902 EP 1906 DI 10.1063/1.358821 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA RC303 UT WOS:A1995RC30300011 ER PT J AU JAFFE, DA HONRATH, RE FURNESS, D CONWAY, TJ DLUGOKENCKY, E STEELE, LP AF JAFFE, DA HONRATH, RE FURNESS, D CONWAY, TJ DLUGOKENCKY, E STEELE, LP TI A DETERMINATION OF THE CH4, NOX AND CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE PRUDHOE BAY, ALASKA OIL DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE METHANE; NITROGEN OXIDES; OIL PRODUCTION; EMISSIONS ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; BARROW AB In this paper we quantify the CH4, CO2 and NOx emissions during routine operations at a major oil and gas production facility, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, using the concentrations of combustion by products measured at the NOAA-CMDL observatory at Barrow, Alaska and fuel consumption data from Prudhoe Bay. During the 1989 and 1990 measurement campaigns, 10 periods (called 'events') were unambiguously identified where surface winds carry the Prudhoe Bay emissions to Barrow (approximately 300 km). The events ranged in duration from 8-48 h and bring ambient air masses containing substantially elevated concentrations of CH4, CO2 and NOx to Barrow. Using the slope of the observed CH4 vs CO2 concentrations during the events and the CO2 emissions based on reported fuel consumption data, we calculate annual CH4 emissions of (24 +/- 8) x 10(3) metric tons from the facility. In a similar manner, the annual NOx emissions are calculated to be (12 +/- 4) x 10(3) metric tons, which is in agreement with an independently determined value. The calculated CH4 emissions represent the amount released during routine operations including leakage. However this quantity would not include CH4 released during non-routine operations, such as from venting or gas flaring. C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,DEPT CHEM,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP JAFFE, DA (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1007/BF00694494 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ175 UT WOS:A1995RJ17500001 ER PT J AU RENARD, M CHAUMERLIAC, N CAUTENET, S AUDIFFREN, N NICKERSON, EC AF RENARD, M CHAUMERLIAC, N CAUTENET, S AUDIFFREN, N NICKERSON, EC TI A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE SEASONAL-VARIATIONS FOR TRACER REDISTRIBUTION BY CLOUDS OVER WEST-AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE WEST AFRICAN CIRCULATIONS; CLOUD VERTICAL TRANSPORT; IMPACT OF CLOUDS ON TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; DRY SEASON; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; RAIN; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERE; SULFUR; MODELS AB The sensitivity of the horizontal and vertical transport of an inert tracer to seasonal variability of the complex West Africa circulations is explored by means of a 2D mesoscale meteorological model including explicit microphysics and describing the cloud dynamics of these circulations. The seasonal variations of the location and spatial extent of the cloudy masses associated with the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are reproduced in a meridional cross section over West Africa. The redistribution of the inert tracer is shown to be due to the northward migration of the ITCZ from January to July and also to the enhancement of the convective activity of the ITCZ in July. The redistribution of carbon monoxide during the dry and wet seasons is discussed, highlighting the importance of the biomass burning during the dry season as a source of trace gas enrichment in the upper levels of the tropical troposphere over West Africa. C1 NOAA,FSL,BOULDER,CO. RP RENARD, M (reprint author), UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,OPGC,LAMP,24 AVE LANDAIS,F-63177 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 237 EP 258 DI 10.1007/BF00694496 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ175 UT WOS:A1995RJ17500003 ER PT J AU MAGEE, JW AF MAGEE, JW TI MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITY AT CONSTANT VOLUME FOR [XCO(2)+(1-X)C2H6] FROM 220 TO 340 K AT PRESSURES TO 35 MPA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSED LIQUID; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Measurements of the molar heat capacity at constant volume (C-V) for [xCO(2) + (1 - x)C2H6], x = 0.25, 0.49, 0.74, were conducted. Temperatures ranged from about 220 to 340 K, and pressures were as high as 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on samples in compressed gas and liquid states. The primary sources of uncertainty are the estimated temperature rise and the estimated quantity of substance in the calorimeter. Overall, the uncertainty (+/-2 sigma) of the C-V values is estimated to be less than +/-2.0% for vapor and +/-0.5% for liquid. RP MAGEE, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1021/je00018a018 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA QM874 UT WOS:A1995QM87400018 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, MA WEICKMANN, KM AF ALEXANDER, MA WEICKMANN, KM TI BIENNIAL VARIABILITY IN AN ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES; TRADE-WIND SYSTEM; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; OCEAN; ANOMALIES; MONSOON; SIMULATION AB Recent observational analyses have indicated that tropospheric quasi-biennial oscillations (QBs) may play a fundamental role in regulating the timing and strength of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation. The biennial variability is examined in the tropical troposphere of a 35-year general circulation model (GCM) simulation forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The results of spectral analyses and temporal filtering applied to the SST boundary conditions and the simulated lower- and upper-tropospheric zonal winds, precipitation, and sea level pressure anomalies are compared with observations and used to investigate the relationship between variables. The GCM obtains regions of coherent biennial variability over the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans in close correspondence with observations. In addition, the evolution of the stronger QBs and the physical relationship between variables are fairly well simulated. Zonal wind anomalies, with a simple baroclinic Structure, tend to propagate eastward from the Indonesian region to the central pacific where they increase in strength. The amplitude of the zonal wind and SST anomalies in the central Pacific vary together, with the largest anomalies occurring during the mid- 1960s, mid- 1970s, and early 1980s. During the time of the warmest SSTs, low pressure is found in the east Pacific with high pressure over Indonesia, and precipitation is enhanced between the date line and 120 degrees W. However, the model underestimates the low-frequency variability in general and has approximately one-half to two-thirds of the observed variability in the biennial range. In addition, the observed phasing of the biennial and annual cycles in the zonal winds over the eastern Indian Ocean is not reproduced by the model. The authors have also compared the amount of biennial variability of the near-surface zonal winds in the 35-year run with observed SSTs to two 35-year periods in a 100-year control run with climatological SSTs that repeat the seasonal cycle. Only the simulation with observed SSTs has an organized region of enhanced biennial variability near the equator, suggesting a strong oceanic component to the forcing of the QB. C1 NOAA,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO. RP ALEXANDER, MA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0431:BVIAAG>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QP483 UT WOS:A1995QP48300005 ER PT J AU ZHANG, GJ MCPHADEN, MJ AF ZHANG, GJ MCPHADEN, MJ TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND LATENT-HEAT FLUX IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA; OCEAN; WIND; VARIABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; OSCILLATION; CONVECTION; PROFILES AB Moored buoy data from the equatorial Pacific are analyzed to investigate the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and latent heat flux from the ocean. It is found that at low SST the latent heat flux increases with SST; at high SST the latent heat flux decreases with increasing SST, a relationship that cannot be explained by thermodynamic considerations alone, Analysis of the wind speeds and humidity differences between the surface air and the saturation humidity at the sea surface temperature indicates that while at low SST the humidity difference primarily determines the latent heat flux, and at high SST a sharp decrease in wind speed is mostly responsible for the low latent heat flux. A mechanism that leads to low latent heat flux at high SST is suggested; it involves the interaction between convection and the large-scale circulation. The longitudinal distribution of SST, wind speed, humidity difference, and latent heat flux is found to be similar to that in previous studies. In the eastern Pacific, SST is the lowest, the wind speed is large, and the humidity difference is low; in the western Pacific, SST is the highest, whereas the wind speed is low and the humidity difference is large. Latent heat flux increases from the eastern Pacific westward, reaching a maximum in the central Pacific, and then decreases toward the western Pacific warm pool. Through analyses of the data on different timescales, we found that the atmospheric processes leading to low latent heat flux over warm SST were mainly operative on seasonal timescales (periods longer than 90 days). On shorter timescales (periods of 30-90 days), the influence of intraseasonal Madden and Julian waves was evident. On this timescale, the relationship between SST and latent heat flux was characterized by a 10-day lag between atmospheric forcing (primarily related to winds) and the local oceanic response in the western and central Pacific. In the eastern Pacific cold tongue, SST and latent heat flux variations were nearly in phase on this timescale, indicating an atmospheric response to oceanic forcing. For periods less than 30 days, SST variations associated with tropical instability waves were likewise shown to be important in forcing latent heat flux variations in the eastern Pacific cold tongue. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP ZHANG, GJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 52 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 589 EP 605 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0589:TRBSST>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QP483 UT WOS:A1995QP48300018 ER PT J AU READ, DT DALLY, JW AF READ, DT DALLY, JW TI FATIGUE OF MICROLITHOGRAPHICALLY-PATTERNED FREESTANDING ALUMINUM THIN-FILM UNDER AXIAL STRESSES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB Fatigue life as a function of number of stress cycles has been determined for three-layer titanium-aluminum-titanium thin-film specimens. For nominal stresses ranging from 50 to 90 percent of the upper-bound ultimate strength, the fatigue lives ranged up to 76 cycles. In all specimens, active crack were observed after only a few stress cycles. These crack grew with repeated cycling. The fatigue life was reached when the specimen could no longer sustain the maximum cyclic stress. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP READ, DT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 117 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1115/1.2792062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA RB776 UT WOS:A1995RB77600001 ER PT J AU CANINO, MF BAILEY, KM AF CANINO, MF BAILEY, KM TI GUT EVACUATION OF WALLEYE POLLOCK LARVAE IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FISH LARVAE; GUT EVACUATION; THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA ID COREGONUS-LAVARETUS L; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GASTRIC EVACUATION; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; CHEMICAL REACTORS; SHELIKOF STRAIT; DAILY RATION; DAILY RATES; BERING SEA; FISH AB Gut residence times of first-feeding walleye pollock larvae were measured at 6 degrees C in continuous and discontinuous feeding regimes. Larvae fed tagged copepod prey evacuated their guts more quickly in continuous feeding as compared to the discontinuous feeding treatment. The mean gut residence time was estimated to be 5.0 h for larvae feeding continuously. Gut evacuation by larvae fed tagged prey and then isolated without food (discontinuous treatment) was slower and more variable, with an estimated gut residence time exceeding 8.0 h. Field and laboratory observations suggest that the larval fish gut may be modeled as an intermittent plug-flow reactor (PFR) in response to diel feeding patterns. The cyclical nature of gut dynamics has implications for gut content analyses and the estimation of daily food rations. RP CANINO, MF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BIN C15700,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 46 IS 3 BP 389 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05979.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QU523 UT WOS:A1995QU52300003 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Note RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS A,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A3 BP 3637 EP 3637 DI 10.1029/95JA00470 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA QL214 UT WOS:A1995QL21400027 ER PT J AU LIN, D NUNES, AC MAJKRZAK, CF BERKOWITZ, AE AF LIN, D NUNES, AC MAJKRZAK, CF BERKOWITZ, AE TI POLARIZED NEUTRON STUDY OF THE MAGNETIZATION DENSITY DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A COFE2O4 COLLOIDAL PARTICLE .2. SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB We analyzed X-ray and polarized neutron powder diffraction data of finely divided CoFe2O4 particles coated with oleic acid and uncoated. The particles are characterized by a lognormal size distribution. Using a model assuming magnetically noninteracting superparamagnetic particles, X-ray derived particle size distributions, and the existence of a magnetically disordered surface layer, we are able to predict the observed polarized neutron (4,0,0) powder diffraction profiles of the coated particles. The best fit requires a magnetically anomalous shell approximately 12 Angstrom thick. The sample of uncoated particles is complicated, showing signs of ferromagnetic behavior possibly resulting from sintering. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MAGNET RECORDING RES,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. RP LIN, D (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHYS,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 18 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 145 IS 3 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(94)01627-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA QR549 UT WOS:A1995QR54900011 ER PT J AU DARIEL, MP ADMON, U LASHMORE, DS RATZKER, M GIUSEPPETTI, A EICHMILLER, FC AF DARIEL, MP ADMON, U LASHMORE, DS RATZKER, M GIUSEPPETTI, A EICHMILLER, FC TI A SILVER-TIN ALTERNATIVE TO DENTAL AMALGAMS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a novel technology for a mercury-free metallic direct filling material, a substitute to dental amalgams. The consolidation relies both on cold-welding that takes place under moderate pressure between suitably surface-treated silver particles and on silver-tin intermetallic compound formation at ambient temperature. A dilute acid is used for removing the silver surface oxide layers, thereby promoting the cold-welding process. The condensability, namely the ability of a loose powder to undergo consolidation within a short time duration, at body temperature and under moderate pressure has been investigated for a variety of mixtures of silver, tin, and prealloyed silver-coated intermetallic powders. The resulting metallic composite material displays transverse rupture strength values higher than those of amalgams and somewhat lower values of compressive strength and Knoop hardness. C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DARIEL, MP (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.0505 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QK192 UT WOS:A1995QK19200005 ER PT J AU FORD, SJ MASON, TO CHRISTENSEN, BJ COVERDALE, RT JENNINGS, HM GARBOCZI, EJ AF FORD, SJ MASON, TO CHRISTENSEN, BJ COVERDALE, RT JENNINGS, HM GARBOCZI, EJ TI ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS AND IMPEDANCE SPECTRA OF CEMENT PASTES SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACIS BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS AB Electrode effects on impedance spectra of cement pastes were investigated by two-, three-, and four-point measurements without a potentiostat over the frequency range 0.01 Hz-10 MHz. Electrode immittance effects arising from highly resistive/capacitive contacts cannot be fully corrected by nulling procedures. Two-point measurements are much more susceptible to such effects than three- or four-point measurements. The three- and four-point results on pastes suggest that there is negligible high-frequency ''offset'' resistance, and that bulk paste arcs are not significantly depressed below the real axis in Nyquist plots. The important impedance-derived equivalent circuit parameters are bulk resistance and capacitance; offset resistance and arc depression angle may not be physically meaningful parameters. Whereas all electrode configurations give reliable values of bulk paste resistance, only the three-point configuration provides the total paste/electrode dual are spectrum involving a single electrode. Multielectrode (three- or four-point) measurements may be necessary to establish the true bulk paste dielectric constant. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CTR ADV CEMENT BASED MAT,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CTR ADV CEMENT BASED MAT,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FORD, SJ (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1224 DI 10.1007/BF00356122 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QL400 UT WOS:A1995QL40000013 ER PT J AU WELLS, JS DAX, A HOLLBERG, L MAKI, AG AF WELLS, JS DAX, A HOLLBERG, L MAKI, AG TI SUB-DOPPLER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS ON OCS NEAR 1689 AND 1885 CM(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION TABLES; HETERODYNE FREQUENCY; CARBONYL SULFIDE; 11.6-MU-M BAND; HOT BANDS; TRANSITIONS; LASER; CM-1; N2O AB We have used an optical polarization heterodyne technique to measure the frequencies of two OCS lines, one near 5.3 mu m and the other near 5.9 mu m. These sub-Doppler measurements gave 56 533 766.125 +/- 0.035 MHz for the 2 nu(2) + nu(3) P(16) transition and 50 627 632.013 +/- 0.100 MHz for the 283 P(48) line. The P(16) measurement is in excellent agreement (20 kHz) with a new result obtained with an alternate technique by a group at the University of Bonn. The 2 nu(3) measurement was combined with other frequency measurements to produce an improved calibration table for the 283 OCS band near 1700 cm(-1). These and other sub-Doppler frequency measurements in different spectral regions give improved frequencies for a number of OCS bands. These new frequencies will soon be incorporated into calibration data that will be available over the Internet. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP WELLS, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 170 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1057 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QL001 UT WOS:A1995QL00100006 ER PT J AU FORNEY, D JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE AF FORNEY, D JACOX, ME THOMPSON, WE TI THE INFRARED AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA OF HCC AND DCC TRAPPED IN SOLID NEON SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID LASER KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRA; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; RADICAL V3 BAND; VIBRONIC STRUCTURE; C2H SPECTRUM; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POTENTIAL SURFACES; TRANSITION AB Spectra have been recorded from 700 to 12 000 cm(-1) for HCC and DCC trapped in solid neon. In this region, which includes not only the groundstate absorptions but also all of the absorptions of appreciable intensity in the highly perturbed A (II)-I-2 state, all of the matrix shifts are to lower frequencies, and none of them exceeds 30 cm(-1). The ($) over tilde X(OnO) and ($) over tilde X(Onl) progressions of HCC, recently reported in the photoelectron spectrum of HCC-, also appear in the infrared spectrum. The spectra of the singly and doubly carbon-13 substituted species of HCC and of doubly carbon-13 substituted DCC are presented. Except in a few regions of very strong mixing of energy levels of the ($) over tilde X and ($) over tilde A states, correlations of the HCC and DCC bands with their carbon-13 substitution counterparts are possible, and the resulting isotopic shift data are useful in assigning the vibronic spectra. Assignments are proposed for a considerable number of HCC and DCC bands. These assignments are aided by the carbon-13 shift data, by the results of recent ab initio calculations. and, where they are available, by the upper-state symmetries of bands observed in the gas phase. Absorptions of C-2, C-2(-), C-4, HC4, HCCO, and C2H3 isolated in a neon matrix are also identified. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 50 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 170 IS 1 BP 178 EP 214 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.1065 PG 37 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA QL001 UT WOS:A1995QL00100014 ER PT J AU GAIGALAS, AK HUBBARD, JB LESAGE, R ATHA, DH AF GAIGALAS, AK HUBBARD, JB LESAGE, R ATHA, DH TI PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPARIN BY LIGHT-SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; PARTICLES; SULFATE; SALT; BSA AB Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering were used to measure the size and charge heterogeneity of a commercial preparation of heparin. For this preparation of porcine mucosal heparin (M(r) = 10-20 kDa), the diffusion coefficient was 1.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s and the mobility was 4.4 +/- 0.9 x 10(-4) cm(2)N s for an unfiltered solution at 22 degrees C in distilled water. This diffusion constant is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than expected for a molecule the size of heparin. A fast diffusion component of 5.8 +/- 1.0 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s, corresponding to the individual molecule, was observed in the presence of 2 M NaCl, where single molecule motion is better observed. This indicates that a portion of the heparin population is in an aggregated state, which produces a higher scattering intensity than individual heparin molecules. The weight percentage of the aggregates was 5-10 as measured by high performance exclusion chromatography. These aggregates were stable up to a temperature of 75 degrees C as measured by light scattering. This suggests that the aggregates are made up of tightly bound heparin molecules. From the diffusion coefficients we estimate the average aggregate to be made up of about 50 heparin monomers, and from the mobility, we estimate the electrophoretic charge on the aggregate to be about 1000 or about 20 electrophoretic charges for each heparin monomer. The electrophoretic light-scattering measurements also indicate that the aggregate scattering species have very similar surface charge densities resulting from the aggregates being formed from heparin molecules. These results can provide a framework to interpret future light-scattering data for various preparations of heparin. C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 84 IS 3 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1002/jps.2600840317 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA QL986 UT WOS:A1995QL98600016 PM 7616377 ER PT J AU ATHA, DH COXON, B REIPA, V GAIGALAS, AK AF ATHA, DH COXON, B REIPA, V GAIGALAS, AK TI PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; STANDARD; SULFATE AB Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high performance exclusion chromatography (HPEC) were used to characterize two different commercial preparations of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin, produced either by peroxide cleavage or deaminative cleavage using nitrous acid. Proton NMR showed <2% contamination by dermatan sulfate in the material produced by deaminative cleavage using nitrous acid and <4% for the material produced by peroxide cleavage. The Raman spectra of the nitrous acid produced material showed an equivalent amount of O-sulfation to that in the material produced by peroxide, but about a 10% reduction in the content of N-sulfated glucosamine, as expected from the deamination reaction. DLS and HPEC indicated the presence of <0.2% of very high molecular weight/aggregate material for the peroxide preparation compared to 1% for the nitrous acid-prepared material. The weight average molecular weight (M(w)) determined from HPEC was 5900 Da for the nitrous acid-prepared material and 6850 Da for the peroxide-produced material. The number average molecular weight (M(n)) calculated from this data was 5200 Da for the nitrous acid preparation and 5300 Da for the peroxide-produced material. In addition, the nitrous acid-prepared material exhibited a much narrower size distribution of oligomeric species, as evidenced by the polydispersity (M(w)/M(n)) of 1.1 for the nitrous acid-prepared material, as compared with a value of 1.3 for the peroxide-prepared material. These studies demonstrate that significant differences between preparations of LMW heparin can be resolved using these techniques. This is of critical importance in the design of quality assurance methods. RP ATHA, DH (reprint author), NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 84 IS 3 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1002/jps.2600840318 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA QL986 UT WOS:A1995QL98600017 PM 7616378 ER PT J AU PARKER, VB AF PARKER, VB TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE AQUEOUS BA2+ ION AND THE KEY COMPOUNDS OF BARIUM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE AQUEOUS BA2+; BARIUM COMPOUNDS; CODATA; DATA EVALUATION; ENTHALPY; ENTROPY; GIBBS ENERGY; KEY COMPOUNDS; KEY VALUES; THERMOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS ID ENTHALPIES; MIXTURES; WATER; METHANOL; 298.15-K AB Recommended thermochemical property values, Delta(i)H degrees, Delta(i)G degrees and S degrees for the aqueous ion of barium, Ba2+, are given at 298.15 K in SI units. The values are: Delta(f)H degrees = -534.64 +/- 1.80 kJ . mol(-1), Delta(f)G degrees = -557.60 +/- 1.81 kJ . mol(-1) and S degrees = 8.80 +/- 0.50 J . K-1 mol(-1). They are consistent with the CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics. The evaluation involves the analysis of the enthalpy changes, Gibbs energy changes, and the entropy measurements for all key substances in the key network. A consistent set of thermochemical property values is given for BaO(cr), BaH2(cr), BaCl2(cr), BaCl2 . 2H(2)O(cr), Ba(NO3)(2)(cr), and BaCO3(cr,witherite), as well as reconstituted recommended process values with uncertainties for reactions involving these substances. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics and American Chemical Society. RP PARKER, VB (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1036 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA RD343 UT WOS:A1995RD34300002 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR FICKETT, FR AF SMITH, DR FICKETT, FR TI LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF SILVER SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CONDUCTIVITY; CRYOGENIC; ELASTIC; ELECTRICAL; MAGNETIC; MECHANICAL; OPTICAL; PROPERTIES; REVIEW; RESISTIVITY; SILVER; SUPERCONDUCTOR; THERMAL; THERMODYNAMIC; TRANSPORT ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; NOBLE-METALS; WEAK-LOCALIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DILUTE ALLOYS; COPPER; AG; DISLOCATIONS; SCATTERING; PRESSURE AB Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, SUPERCONDUCTOR & MAGNET MEASUREMENTS GRP, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MAT RELIABIL, MAT EVALUAT GRP, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 220 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 10 U2 42 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 100 IS 2 BP 119 EP 171 DI 10.6028/jres.100.012 PG 53 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RC735 UT WOS:A1995RC73500001 ER PT J AU DIMARZIO, EA YANG, AJM GLOTZER, SC AF DIMARZIO, EA YANG, AJM GLOTZER, SC TI MIXING PLATE-LIKE AND ROD-LIKE MOLECULES WITH SOLVENT - A TEST OF FLORY-HUGGINS LATTICE STATISTICS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISCOTIC PHASE; FLORY-HUGGINS; LAYERED SILICATES; LIQUID CRYSTALS; PLATE ROD TRANSITION; ROD ROD TRANSITION ID CLUSTER THEORY; SYSTEMS; PARTICLES; PACKING; SQUARE; BLENDS; MODEL AB Boehm and Martire have shown that the Flory-Huggins (FH) lattice model applied to mixtures of squares and rigid rods in solvent on a two dimensional lattice gives different results depending on whether rods or squares are placed first onto the lattice. This correct derivation places the validity of the FH model itself into question since the final result should be independent of the order of placement. An analysis of the FH model in terms of Poisson statistics suggests an alternative formula for the probability of successfully placing a rectangle into an area partially filled with other rectangles, which when incorporated into the FH counting procedure gives the exact thermodynamic result for the tiling of squares (i.e., no solvent and no rods). An attempt to solve the order of placement problem is made by solving the problem of one square plus any number of rods and then generalizing the statistics so that they are consistent with this result. Equations are given for squares plus rods plus solvent in both two and three dimensions. For plates plus solvent in three dimensions a purely entropy driven phase transition between an anisotropic layered phase and an isotropic phase is obtained. This transition is analogous to the isotropic to nematic liquid crystal phase transition in rigid rods. Our equations, when augmented by energy considerations, are useful for calculating the equilibrium properties of discotic systems, polymer-layered silicate composites, and the adsorption of plate like molecules onto surfaces. RP DIMARZIO, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 100 IS 2 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.6028/jres.100.013 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA RC735 UT WOS:A1995RC73500002 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, GB AF MCKENNA, GB TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOSTON SYMPOSIUM ON RHEOLOGY OF SOLIDS SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MCKENNA, GB (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 375 EP 375 DI 10.1122/1.550703 PG 1 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA QL175 UT WOS:A1995QL17500007 ER PT J AU WINEMAN, AS WALDRON, WK AF WINEMAN, AS WALDRON, WK TI YIELDLIKE RESPONSE OF A COMPRESSIBLE NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC SOLID SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLUME CHANGE; SHEAR; POLYMERS; TUBES C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 401 EP 423 DI 10.1122/1.550704 PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA QL175 UT WOS:A1995QL17500009 ER PT J AU WALDRON, WK MCKENNA, GB SANTORE, MM AF WALDRON, WK MCKENNA, GB SANTORE, MM TI THE NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE AND APPARENT REJUVENATION OF AN EPOXY GLASS SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); LARGE DEFORMATIONS; LARGE STRESSES; RELAXATION; SUPERPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS; STRAINS; YIELD C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. LEHIGH UNIV,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 43 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 471 EP 497 DI 10.1122/1.550708 PG 27 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA QL175 UT WOS:A1995QL17500013 ER PT J AU STONE, WC AF STONE, WC TI FAST VARIABLE-AMPLITUDE COLD GAS THRUSTER SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC GREENS-FUNCTIONS AB A fast response variable amplitude cold gas thruster is described. A laboratory prototype comprised of a piezoelectric stack and an associated microprocessor-based programmable de power source, a low-loss mechanical displacement amplifier, a high-pressure spring-loaded axial valve, an integral high-pressure valve seat; an expansion nozzle, and a high-pressure gas supply were constructed and tested. The device is designed to operate as a stand-alone unit with a dedicated onboard microcontroller system and onboard energy storage system. Minimum pulse-width resolution (base-to-base) was shown to be 0.98 ms, with a lag time of 0.37 ms relative to the initiation of the drive pulse. Linear amplitude response was achieved beyond a threshold drive voltage of 80 vdc and was maintained through the limit of testing at 240 vdc. RP STONE, WC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STRUC,BLDG 226-B168,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 32 IS 2 BP 335 EP 343 DI 10.2514/3.26615 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA QT160 UT WOS:A1995QT16000020 ER PT J AU XU, HHK OSTERTAG, CP FULLER, ER BRAUN, LM AF XU, HHK OSTERTAG, CP FULLER, ER BRAUN, LM TI FRACTURE-RESISTANCE OF SIC-FIBER-REINFORCED SI3N4 COMPOSITES AT AMBIENT AND ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON-NITRIDE; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH AB The crack growth behavior in unidirectional SiC-fiber-reinforced Si3N4-matrix composites fabricated in our laboratories was investigated as a function of fiber volume fraction and temperature. Both the stress-intensity factor and an energy approach were adopted in the characterization of the crack growth behavior. Crack resistance increased with crack extension (R-curve or T curve) as a result of bridging effects associated with the intact fibers. Large-scale bridging was observed, and was considered in the determination of the R-curves. Temperature and fiber volume fraction affected the crack propagation behavior. At room temperature a single crack was initiated at the notch tip; it then branched and delaminated upon further loading. In contrast, at 1200 degrees C, little crack branching was observed. Increasing fiber volume fraction increased the degree of crack branching. Temperature and fiber volume fraction also affected the R-curve behavior. Raising the temperature to 1200 degrees C did not significantly degrade the room-temperature R-curve effect. Increasing the fiber volume fraction from 14% to 29% substantially enhanced the toughening effect and the R-curve behavior. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP XU, HHK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08235.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA QM996 UT WOS:A1995QM99600029 ER PT J AU SHINDO, Y NIWA, N NOZAKI, H LEDBETTER, HM AF SHINDO, Y NIWA, N NOZAKI, H LEDBETTER, HM TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR YBA2CU3OX SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS LA Japanese DT Article DE ELASTICITY; ELASTIC CONSTANTS; CERAMIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SELF-CONSISTENT METHOD; DIFFERENTIAL METHOD; SCATTERED-PLANE-WAVE METHOD; MICRO CRACK; VOID ID MODULI AB We calculate the defect-free elastic constants of high temperature ceramic superconductor YBa2Cu3Ox from measured elastic constants of bulk YBa2Cu3Ox which contains numerous microcracks and voids. Defect-free elastic constants represent long-wavelength acoustic phonons and relate to a variety of solid-state-phenomena such as Debye temperature, thermal expansivity and theoretical strength. By the use of the self-consistent method or the differential method, we eliminate the effect of random distribution of microcracks on the elastic constants of YBa2Cu3Ox. The scattered-plane-wave method is also used to eliminate the effect of voids and then obtain the defect-free elastic constants. Numerical calculations are carried out and the influence of the microcracks and the voids on the elastic constants of YBa2Cu3Ox is discussed in detail. C1 TOKYO NATL COLL TECHNOL,DEPT MECH ENGN,HACHIOJI,TOKYO 193,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INST MAT SCI,BOULDER,CO. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO. RP SHINDO, Y (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV,FAC ENGN,DEPT MAT PROC,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI 980, JAPAN SN 0021-4876 J9 J JPN I MET JI J. Jpn. Inst. Met. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QW898 UT WOS:A1995QW89800004 ER PT J AU TILFORD, CR FILIPPELLI, AR ABBOTT, PJ AF TILFORD, CR FILIPPELLI, AR ABBOTT, PJ TI COMMENTS ON THE STABILITY OF BAYARD-ALPERT IONIZATION GAUGES SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Note ID GAUGES RP TILFORD, CR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 485 EP 487 DI 10.1116/1.579384 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA QM440 UT WOS:A1995QM44000049 ER PT J AU TANG, CM SWYDEN, TA TING, AC AF TANG, CM SWYDEN, TA TING, AC TI PLANAR LENSES FOR FIELD-EMITTER ARRAYS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC 94) CY JUL 04-07, 1994 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE C1 FM TECHNOL INC,FAIRFAX,VA 22032. USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP TANG, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-211X J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1116/1.587916 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA QU097 UT WOS:A1995QU09700083 ER PT J AU BAILEY, KM CANINO, MF NAPP, JM SPRING, SM BROWN, AL AF BAILEY, KM CANINO, MF NAPP, JM SPRING, SM BROWN, AL TI CONTRASTING YEARS OF PREY LEVELS, FEEDING CONDITIONS AND MORTALITY OF LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA IN THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE FISH LARVAE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FEEDING; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; MORTALITY ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; ARCTO-NORWEGIAN COD; SHELIKOF STRAIT; GADUS-MORHUA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; OTOLITH ANALYSIS; MATCH MISMATCH; IRISH SEA AB Walleye pollock in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, spawn in an area with strong interannual differences in the oceanic environment. Feeding conditions and mortality of walleye pollock larvae in Shelikof Strait were compared in 2 consecutive years of markedly contrasting oceanographic conditions. In 1990, winds were relatively calm, and a large eddy was formed in the lower portion of the strait; walleye pollock larvae were found concentrated in this eddy feature. In 1991, winds were very strong and sea surface temperatures were anomalously cold. Flow through the Shelikof region was strong in that year, and larvae were sparse. In 1990, copepod naupliar abundance was high throughout the study area. There were no geographic differences in feeding intensity of larvae, RNA content or larval growth. In 1991 the major differences occurred between inshore and offshore stations. Comparing conditions in 1990 and 1991, naupliar abundance, larval feeding intensity, RNA content and length-at-age were all low in the stormy conditions of 1991. In 1991 estimated mortality was significantly higher than that measured in 1990, although part of the loss could have been due to strong advection out of the area. Survival of expatriated larvae is discussed in Light of very low juvenile abundances in 1991. This study shows the dramatic effect of environmental conditions on early larval survival rates. RP BAILEY, KM (reprint author), NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 62 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.3354/meps119011 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QR927 UT WOS:A1995QR92700002 ER PT J AU AINLEY, DG SYDEMAN, WJ NORTON, J AF AINLEY, DG SYDEMAN, WJ NORTON, J TI UPPER TROPHIC LEVEL PREDATORS INDICATE INTERANNUAL NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE ANOMALIES IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT FOOD-WEB SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA CURRENT; EL NINO; FOOD WEB; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LA NINA; SEABIRDS; ALEUTIAN LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; 1982-1983 EL-NINO; VARIABILITY AB We used a 21 yr time series of productivity for 6 seabird species nesting in large numbers at the Farallon Islands, 40 km offshore of San Francisco, California, USA, to assess proximate and remote factors leading to variation in the food supplies available to these predators. The latter sampled prey throughout a 3200 km(2) area. Depending on foraging ecology and reproductive capacity, some species were more sensitive to food web perturbation than others. A serious lack of food was indicated by negative reproductive anomalies during all warm-water events, some of which were classified as tropical El Nino and others which were not. Equally spectacular but positive anomalies occurred during years adjacent to the negative ones, particularly evident among the most sensitive species. Much of the annual variation, positive or negative, in seabird reproductive success was explained by variation in the Southern Oscillation and/or the Aleutian low pressure system, both of which affect sea-surface temperature and thermocline depth off California. Results indicate that perturbations in the marine food web of the California eastern boundary current system, as indicated by the availability of food to seabirds, are much more complex than is generally appreciated, and are not confined only to negative excursions from normalcy. ENSO is important, but other global atmosphere-ocean phenomena affect the California Current just as dramatically. C1 NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, PFEG, MONTEREY, CA 93942 USA. RP AINLEY, DG (reprint author), PRBO INT BIOL RES, 4990 SHORELINE HIGHWAY, STINSON BEACH, CA 94970 USA. NR 51 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 5 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.3354/meps118069 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA QP426 UT WOS:A1995QP42600008 ER PT J AU VADUS, JR AF VADUS, JR TI PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS TO FACILITATE OCEAN ENTERPRISES SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP VADUS, JR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA RF684 UT WOS:A1995RF68400001 ER PT J AU MURATA, B HOSODA, R KONDO, T VADUS, JR TAKAHASHI, PK AF MURATA, B HOSODA, R KONDO, T VADUS, JR TAKAHASHI, PK TI THE MARINE CORRIDOR PROJECT - AN INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP OF GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, AND ACADEMIA SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Marine Corridor (MARICO) Project is a bold and visionary concept that is expected to transform Japan's Osaka Bay into a trade and industry center, marine and environmental research site, international cultural and intellectual center, and prototypical city of the future-while concurrently addressing the severe housing, transportation and pollution problems common to heavily urbanized areas, including the Kansai region encompassing Osaka Bay. In fact, very high population density and limited coastal space for expansion are major factors that have led to MARICO. The heart of MARICO is a marine-based transportation utility, and telecommunications infrastructure corridor linking nine urban centers now located on the bay's perimeter. It will serve as the foundation upon which will be constructed marine-based city complexes to accommodate urban growth in land-poor Japan and to stimulate business and industrial growth. For descriptive purposes, MARICO could be considered analogous to the high way beltways developed to support growth in Boston, Washington, D.C., Indianapolis, and other U.S. cities (Conway 1993). The MARICO Project will give high priority to prevailing concerns on the impact of natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons. Construction of the 17-trillion-yen ($170 billion, at 100 yen per $1) public works project is proposed to commence at the turn of the century and be completed in phases over the following eighteen years. A mammoth scientific and technological challenge, MARICO was conceived and launched as a model requiring the cooperation of government, industry, and academia. Initial funding has been provided by the private sector and local governments, with conceptual input by key ocean technology faculty from national and foreign institutions. The enormity and multidisciplined aspects of this project preclude an in-depth analysis in this paper, and instead a technical overview is presented. C1 UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,OSAKA,JAPAN. NIHON UNIV,TOKYO,JAPAN. NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI. RP MURATA, B (reprint author), INST REG & SOCIAL PLANNING,OSAKA,JAPAN. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA RF684 UT WOS:A1995RF68400002 ER PT J AU HOUCK, C AF HOUCK, C TI INTEGRATING US ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER AND TRADE - A NOAA-CHINA EXAMPLE SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Administration's interest in increasing exports of U.S environmental technologies resulted in a flurry of environmental technology and trade legislation by Congress and federal interagency technology and trade efforts. This government-wide push led to cooperation between NOAA HAZMAT and the international Trade Administration (ITA) to coordinate a trade component for U.S. businesses with an ongoing China-NOAA port planning project. During the 1994-1995 joint China-NOAA Port Area Contingency Planning project, NOAA HAZMAT worked with ITA to leverage NOAA's technology transfer project with coordinated environmental technologies export opportunities for U.S. companies. In this partnership, NOAA provided technical training and technology transfer to assist the China Academy of Transportation Sciences (CATS) in the environmental aspects of contingency planning, and ITA provided a link to the American business community to match U.S. capabilities with the CATS' oil spill response objectives. Through the coordinated efforts of ITA and NOAA, roughly twenty U.S. companies presented and demonstrated U.S oil and hazardous material spill response technologies for the CATS project scientists. This cooperative project served as a stepping stone to greater cooperation between the two Department of Commerce agencies and attempts to increase integration of U.S. trade opportunities with NOAA's international technical training and technology transfer efforts. RP HOUCK, C (reprint author), NOAA,DIV HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA RF684 UT WOS:A1995RF68400008 ER PT J AU BUSCH, WS AF BUSCH, WS TI ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT - A JOINT PUBLIC-PRIVATE SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP BUSCH, WS (reprint author), NOAA,OFF GLOBAL PROGRAMS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA RF684 UT WOS:A1995RF68400015 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA AF SIEWERT, TA TI REPORT ON 1994 ACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-WELDING SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 53 IS 3 BP 396 EP 399 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA QN792 UT WOS:A1995QN79200005 ER PT J AU JOSELL, D SHECHTMAN, D VANHEERDEN, D AF JOSELL, D SHECHTMAN, D VANHEERDEN, D TI FCC TITANIUM IN TI/NI MULTILAYERS SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Titanium layers 40, 90 and 220 nm thick in nickel-titanium multilayer thin films are shown to deposit with a hexagonal close packed structure that transforms to a face centered cubic structure when thinned, using an ion beam, for transmission electron microscopy. Implications for recent reports of polymorphic fcc Ti in multilayers are noted. RP JOSELL, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0167-577X(94)00272-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA QN574 UT WOS:A1995QN57400012 ER PT J AU COCKMAN, JR FIELDS, RJ DELPH, TJ HARLOW, DG AF COCKMAN, JR FIELDS, RJ DELPH, TJ HARLOW, DG TI SPATIAL STATISTICS OF CREEP CAVITIES SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED CAVITIES; DIFFUSIVE GROWTH; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CAVITATION; RUPTURE; NUCLEATION AB The random spatial distribution of creep cavities plays an important role in probabilistic models of creep cavitation. In the present work, we propose a statistical model, which is a generalization of a hard-core process, to describe this distribution. The predictions of the model are compared to experimental data obtained from synchrotron radiography of the cavitated grain boundary of a copper bicrystal. The experimental data are found to be in statistically good agreement with the predictions of the model. For the four sets of data considered, creep cavity locations are found not to be uniformly distributed. They do, however, tend toward regularity with regard to nearest-neighbor spacings. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN & MECH,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015. RP COCKMAN, JR (reprint author), KIMBERLY CLARK INC,CORNITH,MS 38834, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 3 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/3/2/004 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA QP447 UT WOS:A1995QP44700004 ER PT J AU FURGER, M WHITEMAN, CD WILCZAK, JM AF FURGER, M WHITEMAN, CD WILCZAK, JM TI UNCERTAINTY OF BOUNDARY-LAYER HEAT BUDGETS COMPUTED FROM WIND PROFILER-RASS NETWORKS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; RAWINSONDE AB Uncertainties in the evaluation of the atmospheric heat budget, in which the turbulent heat flux divergence term is calculated as a residual, are investigated for a triangular array of 915-MHz wind profilers-radio acoustic sounding systems (RASS) using a surface-integral method. A scaling analysis of the residual error heat budget equation reveals the basic characteristics and magnitudes of the uncertainties. These values are verified with a Monte Carlo simulation technique for synthetic datasets in which the triangle size is of the order of 30 km (meso-gamma scale). The uncertainties depend on measurement errors. atmospheric stability, mean wind speed, triangle size, and averaging time. In addition, we estimate the effects of baroclinity and mean wind divergence on the accuracy of the calculation of the heat budget. Idealized, barotropic, and divergence-free conditions are studied to investigate the influence of various instrument accuracies on profiles of the turbulent virtual potential temperature flux divergence term. Results show that this term can be computed as a residual of the other terms with an uncertainty that varies from approximately 0.4 to 1.6 K h(-1) for typical ranges of mean wind speed and stability, given current accuracies for l-h averages of wind profiler-RASS. Uncertainties of the remaining terms in the equation are smaller. Although the uncertainties found are of about the same magnitude as typical maximum daytime boundary layer turbulent sensible heat flux divergences, 1.2 K h(-1), it is found that under favorable conditions meaningful turbulent heat flux divergences can be obtained. The computations, however, become very uncertain under conditions of strong baroclinity or wind divergence. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO USA. RI Furger, Markus/C-2224-2009 OI Furger, Markus/0000-0003-2401-6448 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 123 IS 3 BP 790 EP 799 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0790:UOBLHB>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK744 UT WOS:A1995QK74400012 ER PT J AU PASCH, RJ RAPPAPORT, EN AF PASCH, RJ RAPPAPORT, EN TI ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1993 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The 1993 hurricane season is summarized, and individual tropical storms and hurricanes are described. Overall, the season was relatively inactive, but tropical storms and hurricanes were responsible for a large number of deaths in South America, Central America, and Mexico. Only one hurricane, Emily, made landfall in the United States. RP PASCH, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 123 IS 3 BP 871 EP 886 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0871:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK744 UT WOS:A1995QK74400017 ER PT J AU AVILA, LA PASCH, RJ AF AVILA, LA PASCH, RJ TI ATLANTIC TROPICAL SYSTEMS OF 1993 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB A total of 70 tropical waves (also known as African or easterly waves) were counted in the Atlantic basin during the 1993 hurricane season. These waves led to the formation of 9 of the 10 total number of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic hurricane basin. It appears that tropical waves led to the formation of practically all of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones in 1993. RP AVILA, LA (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 123 IS 3 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0887:ATSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK744 UT WOS:A1995QK74400018 ER PT J AU AVILA, LA MAYFIELD, M AF AVILA, LA MAYFIELD, M TI EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1993 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The National Hurricane Center tracked 14 tropical storms, 10 of which became hurricanes, during the 1993 eastern North Pacific hurricane season. Four named tropical cyclones and one tropical depression made landfall in Mexico. A general overview of the 1993 hurricane season is presented. RP AVILA, LA (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 123 IS 3 BP 897 EP 906 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0897:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK744 UT WOS:A1995QK74400019 ER PT J AU RAVEL, B NEWVILLE, M CROSS, JO BOULDIN, CE AF RAVEL, B NEWVILLE, M CROSS, JO BOULDIN, CE TI ANALYSIS OF DAFS FINE-STRUCTURE AND BACKGROUND SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS VIII) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL FREIE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP BESSY, FRITZ HABER INST, HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN HO FREIE UNIV BERLIN AB The oscillatory structure in the diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) spectrum contains at least as much local structural information as X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). We present three XAFS analysis programs, ATOMS, AUTOBK, and FEFFIT, which are easily extended to background removal and fine structure analysis in DAFS. The background subtraction and curve-fitting of DAFS data require the crystallographic structure factor, F, for the material. ATOMS calculates F for an arbitrary crystal from tables of anomalous scattering factors. AUTOBK, an automated background removal program, estimates the shape of the DAFS background and correctly normalizes the resulting chi(k) FEFFIT, an XAFS curve-fitting program using multiple scattering theory and sophisticated model-building capabilities, is easily extended to handle the DAFS oscillatory structure. We show the success of these programs in handling DAFS spectra. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP RAVEL, B (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT PHYS, FM-15, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1995 VL 208 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)01025-V PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QP961 UT WOS:A1995QP96100053 ER PT J AU BOULDIN, C FURENLID, L ELAM, T AF BOULDIN, C FURENLID, L ELAM, T TI MACXAFS - AN EXAFS ANALYSIS PACKAGE FOR THE MACINTOSH SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS VIII) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL FREIE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP BESSY, FRITZ HABER INST, HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN HO FREIE UNIV BERLIN AB We present an EXAFS analysis package that runs on the Apple Macintosh. (Certain commercial products are identified in the article for the sake of completeness. This does not constitute and endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Naval Research Laboratory, or Broohaven National Lab.) The MacXAFS package is derived from a suite of EXAFS analysis programs originally written at the University of Washington. The MacXAFS package preserves the portable computational kernel of this well-tested group of programs and adds a graphical interface by using HyperCard. Communication between the core analysis programs and the HyperCard interface is done by using ASCII script files that direct the execution of the FORTRAN-based analysis programs. The user is largely insulated from the FORTRAN code, but instead interacts with the more intuitive Hypercard interface. This implementation preserves the portability of the ANSI FORTRAN programs, while taking full advantage of the platform-specific user interface features of the Macintosh. Computationally intensive programs, such as the ab initio XAFS calculation program FEFF can be executed remotely via a TCP/IP connection. Due to the clean separation of the interface and the computational kernel, this package is readily extensible by writing new programs, in FORTRAN or any other language, and adding the corresponding interface element in the HyperCard stack. C1 NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT, UPTON, NY USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP BOULDIN, C (reprint author), NIST, BLDG 223, RM A256, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1995 VL 208 IS 1-4 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)01012-P PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QP961 UT WOS:A1995QP96100071 ER PT J AU RYABTSEV, AN JOSHI, YN READER, J AF RYABTSEV, AN JOSHI, YN READER, J TI THE 4D(9)-4D(8)(4F+6P) TRANSITIONS OF IN-V SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID VII AB The spectrum of indium was photographed from 200 to 450 Angstrom on 3-m and 10.7-m grazing-incidence spectrographs with sliding spark and triggered spark light sources. With the aid of Hartree-Fock calculations 116 lines in the region 223-265 Angstrom were interpreted as 4d(9)-4d(8)(4f + 6p) transitions of In V. Parametric least-squares-fitting calculations were carried out to fit the energy parameters to the observed energy levels. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SPECT,MOSCOW 142092,RUSSIA. RP RYABTSEV, AN (reprint author), ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANTIGONISH,NS B2G 1C0,CANADA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 3 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/51/3/014 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QN429 UT WOS:A1995QN42900014 ER PT J AU SROUBEK, Z FINE, J AF SROUBEK, Z FINE, J TI ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS PRODUCED BY DEEP-LEVEL PROMOTION DURING ATOMIC-COLLISIONS IN SOLIDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATIONS; SPECTRA; METALS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL, INST RADIO ENGN & ELECTR, CHABERSKA 57, CR-18251 PRAGUE 8, CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 9 BP 5635 EP 5643 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5635 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QL717 UT WOS:A1995QL71700004 ER PT J AU SUMARLIN, IW LYNN, JW CHATTOPADHYAY, T BARILO, SN ZHIGUNOV, DI PENG, JL AF SUMARLIN, IW LYNN, JW CHATTOPADHYAY, T BARILO, SN ZHIGUNOV, DI PENG, JL TI MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE AND SPIN DYNAMICS OF THE PR AND CU IN PR2CUO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FIELD EXCITATIONS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; LOW-TEMPERATURES; PHONON DENSITY; ND2CUO4; LA2CUO4; ND C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN, F-38042 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. BYELARUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST PHYS SOLIDS & SEMICOND, MINSK 220726, BYELARUS. RP UNIV MARYLAND, CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES, DEPT PHYS, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 86 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 9 BP 5824 EP 5839 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5824 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QL717 UT WOS:A1995QL71700027 ER PT J AU AMI, T CRAWFORD, MK HARLOW, RL WANG, ZR JOHNSTON, DC HUANG, Q ERWIN, RW AF AMI, T CRAWFORD, MK HARLOW, RL WANG, ZR JOHNSTON, DC HUANG, Q ERWIN, RW TI MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY AND LOW-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF THE LINEAR-CHAIN CUPRATE SR2CUO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COPPER OXIDES; SYSTEMS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; LA2CUO4; STATE C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. SONY CORP,RES CTR,HODOGAYA KU,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 240,JAPAN. RP AMI, T (reprint author), DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE 19880, USA. NR 39 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 9 BP 5994 EP 6001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.5994 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QL717 UT WOS:A1995QL71700048 ER PT J AU PENN, DR LEWIS, SP COHEN, ML AF PENN, DR LEWIS, SP COHEN, ML TI TOTAL-DIELECTRIC-FUNCTION APPROACH TO ELECTRON AND PHONON RESPONSE IN SOLIDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS; SIGN C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP PENN, DR (reprint author), NIST,TECHNOL ADM,DEPT COMMERCE,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 10 BP 6500 EP 6514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.6500 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA QN230 UT WOS:A1995QN23000030 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, JF ISHINABE, T AF DOUGLAS, JF ISHINABE, T TI SELF-AVOIDING-WALK CONTACTS AND RANDOM-WALK SELF-INTERSECTIONS IN VARIABLE DIMENSIONALITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; POLYMER-CHAIN; THETA-POINT; EXACT ENUMERATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; HYPERCUBIC LATTICES; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; REGULAR LATTICES; MONTE-CARLO; LOCAL TIME C1 YAMAGATA UNIV,FAC ENGN,YONEZAWA,YAMAGATA 992,JAPAN. RP DOUGLAS, JF (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 187 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1791 EP 1817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.1791 PN A PG 27 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA QP252 UT WOS:A1995QP25200023 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, GB LETERRIER, Y SCHULTHEISZ, CR AF MCKENNA, GB LETERRIER, Y SCHULTHEISZ, CR TI THE EVOLUTION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES DURING PHYSICAL AGING SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NETWORK STRUCTURE; LARGE STRESSES; EPOXY GLASSES; VOLUME; DEFORMATIONS; RECOVERY; MODEL; YIELD AB Aging experiments using the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) torsional dilatometer have been performed in which the temperature of an isothermally equilibrated epoxy glass was abruptly changed to a new temperature T-0 and the evolution of the volume and torsional relaxation responses recorded. The results of down-jump and up-jump experiments were found to differ dramatically. Not only is the normal asymmetry of volume approach to equilibrium found, but the mechanical responses are found to evolve differently from the volume response, contrary to simple free volume models of the physical aging process. It is found that the torsional modulus changes with increasing time after the T-jump. In the case of the down-jump the evolution of the modulus ceases prior to that of the volume of the sample. In the up-jump experiment, the contrary is true, viz., the modulus continues to evolve after the volume has attained its equilibrium value, The implications of this for the description of material behavior are discussed. RP MCKENNA, GB (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Leterrier, Yves/I-7398-2013; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 33 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1002/pen.760350505 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA QM856 UT WOS:A1995QM85600004 ER PT J AU COHN, SA ROGERS, RR JASCOURT, S ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA WILSON, JS AF COHN, SA ROGERS, RR JASCOURT, S ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA WILSON, JS TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CLEAR-AIR REFLECTIVE LAYERS AND RAIN OBSERVED WITH A BOUNDARY-LAYER WIND PROFILER SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB We present observations with a 915-MHz boundary layer profiler of reflective layers in the clear air that persist as light rain falls through them. In the three cases presented a clear-air echo is initially present over several hours and confined to a horizontal layer a few hundred meters thick. Subsequently, light rain falls through the layer but does not eliminate the spatial pattern of refractive index irregularities which presumably accounts for the clear-air echo. When the reflectivity of the rain is comparable with that of the clear air, Doppler spectra in the vertical profiler beam have separate modes arising from Rayleigh scattering by the rain and Bragg scattering by the clear air. The modes are distinguishable because of the fall velocity of the drops relative to the air. Using an algorithm to separate the clear air and precipitation components of these bimodal spectra, we can isolate the power and velocity of each mode. This allows us to see interactions of the two backscattering mechanisms. In one puzzling case the clear-air reflectivity in a layer increases by an order of magnitude as rain falls through it, but in the other cases no such strong effect occurs. We discuss possible causes of the increase in reflectivity but find no convincing explanation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP COHN, SA (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 323 EP 341 DI 10.1029/94RS03168 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA QP240 UT WOS:A1995QP24000002 ER PT J AU LATAITIS, RJ CLIFFORD, SF HOLLOWAY, CL AF LATAITIS, RJ CLIFFORD, SF HOLLOWAY, CL TI AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR INFERRING WINDS FROM SPACED-ANTENNA RADAR MEASUREMENTS SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VHF AB One variation of the spaced-antenna technique for measuring atmospheric winds using a pulse Doppler radar is based on a calculation of the complex temporal cross-correlation function for the backscattered fields detected by a pair of spaced receiving antennas. The delay to the peak of the cross-correlation amplitude, adjusted for the temporal evolution of the backscattered field pattern through an extended analysis, is related to the so-called trace velocity along the antenna pair baseline, with two nonparallel baselines yielding the full horizontal wind vector. We suggest an alternative method for inferring the horizontal wind from the temporal cross correlation. We demonstrate that the slope of the cross-correlation amplitude at zero lag, normalized by the level of the cross-correlation amplitude at zero lag, is directly proportional to the component of the wind velocity along the antenna pair baseline. We illustrate that this measure of the horizontal wind is insensitive to the temporal evolution of the backscattered field pattern. Therefore no extended analysis is needed to estimate the horizontal wind vector. The advantage of this approach is that it is a very simple and direct method of retrieving the horizontal wind. Our theory indicates that for many cases of interest the proportionality constant relating the normalized slope to the wind component along the antenna pair baseline depends only on the transmitting and receiving antenna diameters and on the separation between the receiving antennas. This constant can be calculated, or the system can be calibrated against a rawinsonde retrieval. A disadvantage to the slope technique is that it is somewhat sensitive to the degree of vertical anisotropy of the scattering medium. We loosely define the degree of vertical anisotropy r as the ratio of the vertical to horizontal correlation length of refractive index irregularities having a spatial scale of the order of the Bragg wavelength lambda/2, where lambda is the radar wavelength. In the neutral atmosphere, r typically satisfies 0 < r less-than-or-equal-to 1. We find that for a horizontally isotropic, Kolmogorov-type refractive index spectrum with lambda/2 < L0z, where L0z is the vertical outer scale, the slope method is useful provided r is greater than the effective system beam width lambda/D(e), where D(e) is an effective system antenna diameter (approximately equal to the transmitter antenna diameter). We note that this same restriction ensures that the correlation scale of the backscattered field (i.e., the pattern scale) is solely a function of the antenna diameters. The slope method is therefore limited to scattering from isotropic to moderately anisotropic turbulence (i.e., lambda/D(e) < r less-than-or-equal-to 1) provided lambda/2 < L0z and is perhaps best suited for wind profiling in the atmospheric boundary layer. A comparison of horizontal winds obtained by applying the slope technique to data from a 915-MHz spaced-antenna radar and winds from a rawinsonde retrieval showed good agreement. C1 NATL TELECOMMUN & INFORMAT ADM,INST TELECOMMUN SCI,BOULDER,CO. RP LATAITIS, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1029/94RS02414 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA QP240 UT WOS:A1995QP24000013 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, L GANJON, FK AF ALEXANDER, L GANJON, FK TI ECDIS - CURRENT STATUS, FUTURE EXPECTATIONS SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,DIV NAUT CHARTING,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP ALEXANDER, L (reprint author), US COAST GUARD,INTEGRATED NAVIGAT SYST,CTR RES & DEV,GROTON,CT, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 3 BP 10 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA QM913 UT WOS:A1995QM91300002 ER PT J AU FENIMORE, C FIELD, B FRANK, H GEORG, E PAPILLO, M REITMEIER, G STACKHOUSE, W VANDEGRIFT, C AF FENIMORE, C FIELD, B FRANK, H GEORG, E PAPILLO, M REITMEIER, G STACKHOUSE, W VANDEGRIFT, C TI SUMMARY REPORT ON THE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCED DIGITAL VIDEO IN THE NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE SO SMPTE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB The development of a National Information Infrastructure (NII) is a way of putting vast amounts of information at the fingertips of users in America and around the world. Digital video is likely to be the most technically demanding NII service. Recognizing this, several industrial and governmental organizations sponsored a recent workshop to define a vision of the role of digital video in the NII; identify the architectural, scaling, and performance issues in realizing this vision; and recommend the research, experiments, and other steps to be taken to resolve these issues. At the workshop, it was broadly agreed that the NII will be an amalgam of networks, information appliances, and services in which any company may provide any service to any user. This heterogeneous system will necessarily be modular, with an extensible architecture. The components of the NII will require publicly identified reference points and interfaces. The development of high-definition television (HDTV) will be a powerful force driving the development of NII applications. It was the sense of the participants in the workshop that the Grand Alliance proposal for HDTV is the best available alternative for terrestrial broadcast of HDTV in the U.S. Additional standards for advanced digital video will be required to meet the diverse needs of the NII. C1 SPACE APPLICAT CORP,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. DAVID SARNOFF RES CTR,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. ESTO,ARPA,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. RP FENIMORE, C (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MOTION PICTURE TV ENG INC PI WHITE PLAINS PA 595 WEST HARTSDALE AVE, WHITE PLAINS, NY 10607 SN 0036-1682 J9 SMPTE J JI SMPTE J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 104 IS 3 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA QJ502 UT WOS:A1995QJ50200008 ER PT J AU TENNENHOUSE, DL STAELIN, DH AF TENNENHOUSE, DL STAELIN, DH TI INTEROPERABILITY GUIDELINES FOR THE HOME INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE SO SMPTE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT,COMP SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,ELECTR RES LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. RP TENNENHOUSE, DL (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MOTION PICTURE TV ENG INC PI WHITE PLAINS PA 595 WEST HARTSDALE AVE, WHITE PLAINS, NY 10607 SN 0036-1682 J9 SMPTE J JI SMPTE J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 104 IS 3 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA QJ502 UT WOS:A1995QJ50200009 ER PT J AU MEARNS, AJ AF MEARNS, AJ TI ELEMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFECTS OF SHORELINE COUNTERMEASURES SO SPILL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP MEARNS, AJ (reprint author), NOAA,DIV HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENT,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1353-2561 J9 SPILL SCI TECHNOL B JI Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/1353-2561(95)00003-M PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA RX778 UT WOS:A1995RX77800004 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ AF POWELL, CJ TI ENERGY CALIBRATION OF X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETERS - RESULTS OF AN INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON TO EVALUATE A PROPOSED CALIBRATION PROCEDURE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SPECTROMETERS; XPS AB Results are reported of an interlaboratory comparison conducted to evaluate a proposed procedure for calibration of the binding energy (BE) scales on x-ray photoelectron spectrometers. The calibration was performed at two points on the BE scale (the Au 4f(7/2) and Cu 2p(3/2) lines) and checks were made of the assumption of BE-scale linearity from measurements on other lines. It is shown here that small offsets (up to similar to 0.05 eV) can arise if peaks are located with assumed backgrounds of non-zero slope or if multipeak fits are made to Cu L(3)VV and Ag M(4)VV Auger spectra. The two parameters in the linear calibration equation could vary with analyzer pass energy and choice of x-ray source on a particular instrument. Check measurements of the calibrations were performed with the Ag 3d(5/2) photoelectron line and the Cu L(3)VV and Ag M(4)VV Auger lines; differences between the corrected positions of these lines and the corresponding reference data were satisfactorily small in most cases. For Auger lines excited by monochromatized aluminum x-rays, however, the differences were significant and were interpreted in terms of different average x-ray energies for the monochromated and unmonochromated x-ray sources. The interlaboratory comparison was useful in testing the proposed calibration procedure and in providing guidance for some improvements. RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1002/sia.740230302 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QQ965 UT WOS:A1995QQ96500001 ER PT J AU ORSI, JA WERTHEIMER, AC AF ORSI, JA WERTHEIMER, AC TI MARINE VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF JUVENILE CHINOOK AND COHO SALMON IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Vertical distributions of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of marine ages x.0, x.1, and x.2 and coho salmon O. kisutch of age x.0 are reported for the marine waters of southeastern Alaska. (The number or letter preceding the decimal point indicates number of winters spent in freshwater, that following the decimal point indicates winters spent in salt water.) Understanding vertical distribution of prerecruit salmon may be useful in minimizing fishery bycatch. Salmon were caught to a depth of 36.6 m from chartered commercial power trollers fishing small hooks and lures. Sampling occurred throughout inside waters of the Alexander Archipelago and adjacent coastal waters during September 1986 and in inside waters near Ketchikan during February, May, and September 1987. Vertical distribution of salmon differed significantly by species and age-group: in September, age-x.0 coho salmon (mean fork length, 28.4 cm) were caught shallower than age-x.0 chinook salmon (27.3 cm); age-x.1 (44.2 cm) and age-x.2 (60.4 cm) chinook salmon were deeper than age-x.0 chinook salmon. Length of chinook salmon increased significantly with depth. Vertical distribution did not differ significantly between ocean-type and stream-type fish or between sexes. Chinook salmon were significantly deeper in February than in September or May and significantly deeper in September than in May. Our findings suggest that encounter rates of prerecruit chinook salmon and coho salmon in chinook salmon troll fisheries could be minimized by restricting fishing to depths of 30 m or more during selected periods. RP ORSI, JA (reprint author), ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 124 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0159:MVDOJC>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QN160 UT WOS:A1995QN16000001 ER PT J AU EILER, JH AF EILER, JH TI A REMOTE SATELLITE-LINKED TRACKING SYSTEM FOR STUDYING PACIFIC SALMON WITH RADIO TELEMETRY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A remote tracking system with a satellite uplink was used to study the movements of adult chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch in the large, isolated Taku River in Alaska and British Columbia. Salmon were tagged with pulse-coded radio transmitters; 10 codes identified individual fish on each of 52 frequencies. Remote tracking stations automatically collected, processed, and transferred telemetry data via a computer-controlled receiver. A satellite uplink was used to retrieve the data for within-season analysis. Three hundred six chinook salmon were tracked upriver in 1990 and 351 coho salmon in 1992. Coho salmon could not have been tracked with conventional methods due to the inclement fall weather and mountainous terrain typical of this area. The stations recorded 98-100% of the radio-tagged fish that moved past. Tracking success was much higher than in previous studies in which fish were tracked exclusively from aircraft. The remote tracking system is an effective method for precisely tracking large numbers of salmon in large, inaccessible rivers, and it has numerous applications to fisheries research. RP EILER, JH (reprint author), ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 124 IS 2 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0184:ARSLTS>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QN160 UT WOS:A1995QN16000003 ER PT J AU DIAZ, HF ANDERSON, CA AF DIAZ, HF ANDERSON, CA TI PRECIPITATION TRENDS AND WATER-CONSUMPTION RELATED TO POPULATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES - A REASSESSMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB Water consumption figures for the southwest United States are compared for the last four decades. Past trends in consumption are evaluated in the context of precipitation variability in the region and with regard to Colorado River streamflow changes. The study represents a follow-up look at a previous assessment of water consumption, regional precipitation, and demographic trends in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, which account for much of the annual depletions of Colorado River water. The previous study was completed during a wet spell in the West, and trends in all major categories of water consumption were consistently upward. This study indicates that a decline or reversal has taken place in water use in many of the western states. The greater water efficiency (reduced per capita water use) is particularly noteworthy in California, which alone accounts for the lion's share of water depletions from the Colorado River Basin. The years since the mid-1980's have been predominantly dry in much of the West. At the same time, population in the six-state region has increased at about the same pace it had grown during prior decades. A shift from irrigation-related uses to civil consumption is evident in the 1980's. Taking into consideration a situation where multiyear dry spells are a normal part of the climate of the region, it appears that irrigation depletions may have peaked in the West. In the future, allocations for civil supply, recreation, and other in-stream uses as well as for hydropower generation may heighten the competition for available water supplies, put pressure on existing pricing policies, and force users toward greater conservation efforts and improved efficiencies. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DIAZ, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1029/94WR02755 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA QL427 UT WOS:A1995QL42700021 ER PT J AU RUFF, AW SHIN, H EVANS, CJ AF RUFF, AW SHIN, H EVANS, CJ TI DAMAGE PROCESSES IN CERAMICS RESULTING FROM DIAMOND TOOL INDENTATION AND SCRATCHING IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 09-13, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA DE CERAMICS; DIAMOND; TOOLS; SCRATCHING ID SURFACES AB Studies have been carried out to determine the influence of different chemical environments and tool shapes on damage produced during diamond tool scratching and indenting of two advanced ceramics: chemical-vapor-deposited silicon carbide and a composite aluminum oxide-titanium carbide. A nanoindentation/scratching apparatus was used in a controlled-toad mode for the studies. Two diamond tool shapes were used: a wedge with -45 degrees rake and 0.5 mm radius curved edge, and a Vickers pyramid. The environments studied were: air, water, mineral oil, mineral oil + stearic acid and two commercial water-based fluids. It was of interest to identify damage mechanisms, critical loads for initiation of severe damage, specific scratching energies and the effect on damage of the different tool shapes. It was found that chemico-mechanical interactions during scratching in the different environments led to significant differences in such parameters as damage threshold load, maximum tool penetration depth and specific scratching energy. In some cases surface chemical films appeared to form and control the scratching process, especially at low loads. At higher loads significant chemical influences on the mechanical damage processes also were found. Damage morphology involved discrete surface cracking, spalling, grain pull-out and plastic deformation. In many cases considerable plastic response of the relatively brittle ceramics was observed. The proportions of cracking and plasticity varied substantially with tool shape, environment and material. Discontinuous surface cracking damage was observed in some cases, suggesting that a sub-surface process of damage or strain energy accumulation was involved. C1 NIST,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUFF, AW (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR PY 1995 VL 181 BP 551 EP 562 PN 2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QP270 UT WOS:A1995QP27000017 ER PT J AU JAHANMIR, S DONG, X AF JAHANMIR, S DONG, X TI WEAR MECHANISM OF A DENTAL GLASS-CERAMIC SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 09-13, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA DE DENTAL MATERIALS; GLASS; CERAMIC ID ARTIFICIAL ORAL ENVIRONMENT; PORCELAIN; ABRASION; ENAMEL; MOUTH AB Wear tests were conducted on a mica-containing glass-ceramic designed for use in dental restoration of occlusal surfaces. In these tests, an alumina ball was slid against a glass-ceramic disk in laboratory air atmosphere. The friction coefficient was monitored during the tests and the wear rates were determined from profile traces obtained on the wear tracks after the tests were completed. The wear surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope to determine the wear mechanism. It was concluded that wear primarily occurs by a microfracture process along the mica-glass interface. Since the size and volume fraction of the mica plates is expected to control the microfracture process, wear could be controlled by altering the microstructure of this material. RP JAHANMIR, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR PY 1995 VL 181 BP 821 EP 825 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QP270 UT WOS:A1995QP27000047 ER PT J AU MAGLARAS, GJ WALDSTREICHER, JS KOCIN, PJ GIGI, AF MARINE, RA AF MAGLARAS, GJ WALDSTREICHER, JS KOCIN, PJ GIGI, AF MARINE, RA TI WINTER WEATHER FORECASTING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .1. AN OVERVIEW SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID 11-12 FEBRUARY 1983; MEGALOPOLITAN SNOWSTORM; SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; MESOSCALE STRUCTURE; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; REAL-TIME; PRECIPITATION; ATLANTIC; CYCLONES; FRONTOGENESIS AB The complex combination of synoptic- and mesoscale interactions, topographic influences, and large population densities poses a multitude of challenging problems to winter weather forecasters throughout the eastern United States. Over the years, much has been learned about the structure, evolution, and attendant precipitation within winter storms. As a result, numerous operational procedures, forecast applications, and objective techniques have been developed at National Weather Service offices to assess the potential for hazardous winter weather. An overview of the challenge of forecasting winter weather in the eastern United States is presented, including a historical review of several legendary winter storms, from the Blizzard of 1888 to the Halloween Nor'easter of 1991. The synoptic-scale features associated with East Coast winter storms are described. The mesoscale nature of many eastern winter weather events is illustrated through an examination of the Veterans' Day Snowstorm of 11 November 1987, and the Long Island Snowstorm of 13 December 1988. The development of applied forecast techniques and the potential for new remote sensing technologies (e.g., Doppler weather radar and wind profilers) and mesoscale models to improve operational forecasts of winter weather hazards are also discussed, Companion papers focus on cyclogenesis, terrain-related winter weather forecast considerations in the Southeast, and lake effect snow forecasting. C1 NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,ALBANY,NY. NOAA,NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY. NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,NWS,WASHINGTON,DC. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,NEW YORK,NY. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,PORTLAND,ME. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0005:WWFTTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500002 ER PT J AU GURKA, JJ AUCIELLO, EP GIGI, AF WALDSTREICHER, JS KEETER, KK BUSINGER, S LEE, LG AF GURKA, JJ AUCIELLO, EP GIGI, AF WALDSTREICHER, JS KEETER, KK BUSINGER, S LEE, LG TI WINTER WEATHER FORECASTING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .2. AN OPERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF CYCLOGENESIS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NESTED-GRID MODEL; NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER; GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL; QE-II STORM; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; SURFACE CYCLONES; ERRORS; CLIMATOLOGY; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION AB The complex combination of synoptic and mesoscale interactions, topographic influences, and large population densities poses a multitude of challenging problems to winter weather forecasters throughout the eastern United States. Over the years, much has been learned about the structure, evolution, and attendant precipitation within winter storms. As a result, numerous operational procedures, forecast applications, and objective techniques have been developed at National Weather Service offices to assess the potential for, and forecast, hazardous winter weather. A companion paper by Maglaras et al. provided an overview of the challenge of forecasting winter weather in the eastern United States. This paper focuses on the problem of cyclogenesis from an operational perspective. Since pattern recognition is an important tool employed by field forecasters, a review of several conceptual models of cyclogenesis often observed in the east is presented. These include classical Miller type A and B cyclogenesis, zipper lows, 500-mb cutoff lows, and cold-air cyclogenesis. The ability of operational dynamical models to predict East Coast cyclones and, in particular, explosive cyclogenesis is explored. An operational checklist that utilizes information from the Nested Grid Model to forecast the potential for rapid cyclogenesis is also described. A review of signatures related to cyclogenesis in visible, infrared, and water vapor satellite imagery is presented. Finally, a study of water vapor imagery for 16 cases of explosive cyclogenesis between 1988 and 1990 indicates that an acceleration of a dry (dark) surge with speeds exceeding 25 m s(-1), toward a baroclinic zone, is an excellent indicator of the imminent onset of rapid deepening. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,TAUNTON,MA. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV HEADQUATERS,SILVER SPRING,MD. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,NEW YORK,NY. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,RALEIGH,NC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 88 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 21 EP 41 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0021:WWFTTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500003 ER PT J AU KEETER, KK BUSINGER, S LEE, LG WALDSTREICHER, JS AF KEETER, KK BUSINGER, S LEE, LG WALDSTREICHER, JS TI WINTER WEATHER FORECASTING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .3. THE EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHY AND THE VARIABILITY OF WINTER WEATHER IN THE CAROLINAS AND VIRGINIA SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NMCS REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; COASTAL FRONTOGENESIS; FEBRUARY 1979; PRECIPITATION; STORMS; FRONT; CYCLOGENESIS; SYSTEM; EVENT; LAYER AB Winter weather in the Carolinas and Virginia is highly variable and influenced by the area's diverse topography and geography. The Gulf Stream, the highest mountains in the Appalachians, the largest coastal lagoonal system in the United States, and the region's southern latitude combine to produce an array of weather events, particularly during the winter season, that pose substantial challenges to forecasters. The influence of the region's topography upon the evolution of winter weather systems, such as cold-air damming and frontogenesis, is discussed, Conceptual models and specific case studies are examined to illustrate the region's vast assortment of winter weather hazards including prolonged heavy sleet, heavy snow, strong convection, and coastal flooding. The weather associated with these topographic and meteorological features is often difficult for operational dynamical models to resolve. Forecasting precipitation type within the region can be especially difficult. An objective technique to forecast wintry precipitation across North Carolina is presented to illustrate a locally developed forecast tool used operationally to supplement the centrally produced numerical guidance. The development of other forecast tools is being pursued through collaborative studies between the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, and the Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina State University. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,RALEIGH,NC. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0042:WWFTTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500004 ER PT J AU NIZIOL, TA SNYDER, WR WALDSTREICHER, JS AF NIZIOL, TA SNYDER, WR WALDSTREICHER, JS TI WINTER WEATHER FORECASTING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES .4. LAKE EFFECT SNOW SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EFFECT SNOWSTORMS; MICHIGAN; STORMS; SYSTEM AB This article is the final installment of a four-part series that examines the challenge of forecasting winter weather throughout the eastern United States. This paper examines the problems and challenges of forecasting lake effect snows. The climatology of lake-induced snowfall is reviewed, and an overview of the characteristics and evolution of these mesoscale precipitation bands is presented. The atmospheric conditions associated with five different types of lake snow bands are discussed. The abilities of remote sensors to resolve, and dynamical models to simulate, these mesoscale events are also explored. Finally, several techniques designed to improve operational forecasts of lake effect snow are described in detail, along with representative case studies. C1 NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,BUFFALO,NY. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,ALBANY,NY. NOAA,NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY. NR 58 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0061:WWFTTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500005 ER PT J AU LAPENTA, KD MCNAUGHT, BJ CAPRIOLA, SJ GIORDANO, LA LITTLE, CD HRENBENACH, SD CARTER, GM VALVERDE, MD FREY, DS AF LAPENTA, KD MCNAUGHT, BJ CAPRIOLA, SJ GIORDANO, LA LITTLE, CD HRENBENACH, SD CARTER, GM VALVERDE, MD FREY, DS TI THE CHALLENGE OF FORECASTING HEAVY RAIN AND FLOODING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN REGION OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE .1. CHARACTERISTICS AND EVENTS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Heavy rain and flooding are of particular concern to forecasters throughout the eastern and southeastern United States. In this paper, the unique combination of synoptic-scale and mesoscale weather conditions and topographic factors that contribute to and enhance convectively produced flash flooding and river flooding are described and categorized. A classification system for synoptic-scale flooding events is developed, which is then used to identify the distribution (by month and synoptic-scale weather system) of major floods in the region of interest. Also, examples of flooding caused by synoptic-scale weather systems are presented. Characteristics of mesoscale heavy-rain events that result in flooding are discussed. Topographical and geographical factors in the region, which play a role in these events, are described, along with examples of mesoscale, flash flood events. Finally, floods produced by warm-top thunderstorms, which pose a unique and challenging forecast problem throughout the east and southeast, are described and an example is provided. C1 NOAA,NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY 11716. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,ALBANY,NY. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,BALTIMORE,MD. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,PORTLAND,ME. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,PITTSBURGH,PA. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,COLUMBIA,SC. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0078:TCOFHR>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500006 ER PT J AU OPITZ, HH SUMMER, SG WERT, DA SNYDER, WR KANE, RJ BRADY, RH STOKOLS, PM KUHL, SC CARTER, GM AF OPITZ, HH SUMMER, SG WERT, DA SNYDER, WR KANE, RJ BRADY, RH STOKOLS, PM KUHL, SC CARTER, GM TI THE CHALLENGE OF FORECASTING HEAVY RAIN AND FLOODING THROUGHOUT THE EASTERN REGION OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE .2. FORECAST TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA; THUNDERSTORMS AB Over the years, as the recognition and understanding of the structure and climatic frequency of heavy-rain events has expanded, there has been a corresponding improvement in the available forecast guidance on both the national and local level. Numerous operational procedures, forecast applications, and objective techniques have been developed at National Weather Service (NWS) field offices to assess the potential for heavy precipitation and flooding. The use of simple models and operational checklists, as well as the identification of precipitation enhancements due to the effects of terrain and local climatology, provide forecasters with useful tools that help interpret and improve upon the central guidance products. In addition, the NWS Eastern Region has devised and implemented an aggressive and comprehensive program to support the daily formulation of quantitative precipitation estimates appropriate for the production of more timely and accurate river forecasts. Finally, access to high-resolution information from new remote sensor technologies such as Doppler radar, vertical wind profilers, lightning detection networks, and the next generation of geostationary satellites presents the possibility of a substantial improvement in the prediction of heavy precipitation. C1 NOAA,NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV SCI SERV,BOHEMIA,NY 11716. NOAA,NWS,OHIO RIVER FORECAST CTR,CINCINNATI,OH. NOAA,NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,DIV HYDROL SERV,BOHEMIA,NY 11716. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,ALBANY,NY. NOAA,NWS,FORECAST OFF,BLACKSBURG,VA. NOAA,NWS OFF,BINGHAMTON,NY. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0091:TCOFHR>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500007 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, RE HOLLE, RL HEITKAMP, TA AF LOPEZ, RE HOLLE, RL HEITKAMP, TA TI LIGHTNING CASUALTIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE IN COLORADO FROM 1950 TO 1991 BASED ON STORM DATA SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; THUNDERSTORMS AB Forty-two years of lightning casualty and damage reports in Colorado are summarized. The data are from NOAA's Storm Data, which is compiled monthly by the National Weather Service. The dataset contains 103 deaths, 299 injuries, and 191 damage reports from 1950 through 1991. Time fluctuations of these lightning events are shown by classifying the data by year, month, and hour of the day. Additional information is provided on age and gender of lightning victims. Houses were the most common objects reported as damaged by lightning. Fire was the most common source of lightning damage to structures or objects. Comparisons are made of these and other results, when possible, with previous studies of lightning in other locations around the world. Geographical patterns of lightning incidents for the state are shown in maps of total number of casualties, and number of casualties normalized by population density for each county. Much higher casualty rates per population and area occur over the mountains and some areas of the eastern slopes than elsewhere. Most often, people were involved in recreation or employment when they became lightning victims. Most frequent locations of lightning casualties, in order, were summits of mountains and ridges, under trees, in the open, and at lakes. Outdoor recreation casualties were most frequent in the mountains, agricultural cases over the eastern plains, and sports and domestic casualties along the urban corridor east of the mountains. Year-to-year variability was high in all categories. When compared to the steady increase in the population of Colorado, there were fewer casualty and damage reports during the 1970s and early 1980s than before and after that period. Ranch and farm casualties decreased greatly after the early 1960s. Outdoor recreation, urban, and work cases steadily increased over the entire period in accordance with the population increase, However, sports casualties increased at a substantially larger rate than would be expected from the population increase. Statewide lightning victim counts by 5-year periods correlate well with statewide summertime temperature, but not as well with precipitation. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,DENVER,CO. RP LOPEZ, RE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 114 EP 126 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0114:LCAPDI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500009 ER PT J AU NIELSENGAMMON, JW READ, WI AF NIELSENGAMMON, JW READ, WI TI DETECTION AND INTERPRETATION OF LEFT-MOVING SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS USING THE WSR-88D - A CASE-STUDY SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID QUASI-STEADY THUNDERSTORM; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; INTENSE; VORTICITY; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB Left-moving supercells, which rotate anticyclonically, are much less common than their right-moving counterparts but are nevertheless capable of producing severe weather. On 26 May 1992, a severe left-moving thunderstorm over east Texas developed within range of the WSR-88D ( Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler) radar at League City, Texas. The evolution of the left-moving thunderstorm, including its split from its parent thunderstorm, is presented using standard WSR-88D products. The storm produced wind damage and large hail, whose presence in the thunderstorm caused a flare echo in the return signal. No automated WSR-88D algorithms exist to detect mesoanticyclones or flares, so the subjective interpretation of these radar signatures as indicators of severe weather can be critical for the proper issuance of warnings for such storms. C1 NOAA,HOUSTON AREA NATL WEATHER SERV OFF,LEAGUE CITY,TX. RP NIELSENGAMMON, JW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,COOPERAT INST APPL METEOROL STUDIES,DEPT METEOROL,MS 3150,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0127:DAIOLM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500010 ER PT J AU KITZMILLER, DH MCGOVERN, WE SAFFLE, RE AF KITZMILLER, DH MCGOVERN, WE SAFFLE, RE TI THE WSR-88D SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL ALGORITHM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The WSR-88D severe weather potential (SWP) algorithm is an automated procedure for the detection of severe local storms. The algorithm identifies individual thunderstorm cells within radar imagery and, for each cell, yields an index proportional to the probability that the cell will shortly produce damaging surface winds, large hail, or tornadoes. This index is a statistically derived function of the storm's maximum vertically integrated liquid (VIL) and horizontal areal extent. The correlation between these storm characteristics and severe weather occurrence was first documented in the 1970s. Several National Weather Service field offices in the central plains and Northeast regions of the United States have successfully used VIL as a discriminator between severe and nonsevere thunderstorms. This paper describes the observational data and statistical methodology employed in the development of the SWP algorithm, and regional and seasonal variations in the SWP/severe weather relationship. The expected operational performance of the algorithm, in terms of probability of detection and false alarm ratio, is also documented. RP KITZMILLER, DH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,TECH DEV LAB WOSD2,OFF SYST DEV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0141:TWSWPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QU385 UT WOS:A1995QU38500011 ER PT J AU JONSSON, PG SZEKELY, J MADIGAN, RB QUINN, TP AF JONSSON, PG SZEKELY, J MADIGAN, RB QUINN, TP TI POWER CHARACTERISTICS IN GMAW - EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POWER CHARACTERISTIC; GMAW; VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION; POWER DISTRIBUTION; EXPERIMENTAL INVEST; NUMERIC INVESTIGATION; ARC LENGTH; POWER INPUT; THEORETICAL MODELS; ARC COLUMN ID INTENSITY ARGON ARC; HEAT-TRANSFER AB The voltage and power distributions in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) were studied both experimentally and numerically. The principal voltage drop takes place in the arc, which also constitutes the dominant power contribution. Within the arc, the dominating voltage contributions are from the arc column and the cathode fall, while the anode fall and the electrode regions are less significant. The power input to the are column increases with both increasing current and increasing are length. These results indicate that it is critical to control the are length in order to control the power input to the system. C1 MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NIST,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO. RP JONSSON, PG (reprint author), MEFOS MET RES PLANT,LULEA,SWEDEN. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 74 IS 3 BP S93 EP S102 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA QK475 UT WOS:A1995QK47500017 ER PT J AU PELLEGRINO, J KANG, YS AF PELLEGRINO, J KANG, YS TI CO2/CH4 TRANSPORT IN POLYPERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMERS - EFFECTS OF POLAR-SOLVENTS ON PERMEATION AND SOLUBILITY SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOLS; CO2; CH4; POLYPERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMER; PERMEATION; PFSI; MODELING ID ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; NAFION MEMBRANES; LIQUID-MIXTURES; SEPARATION; COUNTERIONS; FILMS AB We measured CO2 and CH4 gas permeation through polyperfluorosulfonate ionomer (PFSI) that was solvated with water, methanol, ethanol, or 1-propanol. These measurements were compared with predictions based on a two-phase, effective-media, membrane model that considered a number of possible geometries for the distributed phase (the ionic clusters). The transport parameters (solubility and diffusivity) for each of the phases and the volume fraction of dispersed phase were either measured independently or estimated from prior literature data. We were unable to match all the experimental observations with this two-phase model. We conclude that different polar solvents can incorporate themselves into the flourocarbon 'continuous phase' in ways that will alter the effective diffusion coefficient of that phase to gas permeation. RP PELLEGRINO, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS 83801,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00211-G PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA QM533 UT WOS:A1995QM53300006 ER PT J AU LIN, H STEYERL, A SATIJA, SK KARIM, A RUSSELL, TP AF LIN, H STEYERL, A SATIJA, SK KARIM, A RUSSELL, TP TI SOLVENT PENETRATION INTO ORDERED THIN-FILMS OF DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED LIGHT-SCATTERING; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHASE DISSOLUTION; TERNARY MIXTURES; POLYMER BLENDS; KINETICS; SEPARATION; BRUSHES AB The penetration of vapors of pure and mixed solvent into ordered thin films of symmetric, diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated by neutron reflectivity. In the case of cyclohexane, a marginal solvent for PS but a poor solvent for PMMA, only the PS layer at the surface was swollen by the cyclohexane. The underlying multilayered structure was unperturbed by the solvent vapors, which indicates that the first PMMA layer near the surface, even though it has a thickness of only similar to 150 Angstrom acts as an effective diffusion barrier preventing penetration of the solvent. In the case of a mixed solvent, in particular a 75/25 methanol/toluene mixture, where toluene is a good solvent for both components, the entire multilayer is swollen. However, the swelling of the layers is not uniform as a function of depth. In addition, the appearance of second-order Bragg reflections shows that the swelling of the PS and PMMA layers is not equal. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHYS,KINGSTON,RI 02881. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1474 DI 10.1021/ma00109a018 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QK081 UT WOS:A1995QK08100018 ER PT J AU KASTBERG, A PHILLIPS, WD ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC JESSEN, PS AF KASTBERG, A PHILLIPS, WD ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC JESSEN, PS TI ADIABATIC COOLING OF CESIUM TO 700-NK IN AN OPTICAL LATTICE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED MOTION; ATOMS; RESONANCE; MOLASSES; ORDER; WAVE C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP KASTBERG, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,PHYS A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Jessen, Poul/A-5433-2009; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Kastberg, Anders/M-1490-2014; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Kastberg, Anders/0000-0002-6175-2252; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 17 TC 178 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1542 EP 1545 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1542 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QJ431 UT WOS:A1995QJ43100012 ER PT J AU AZIZ, RA JANZEN, AR MOLDOVER, MR AF AZIZ, RA JANZEN, AR MOLDOVER, MR TI AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS FOR HELIUM - A STANDARD FOR TRANSPORT PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POTENTIAL MODEL; NOBLE-GASES; DILUTE GAS; TEMPERATURE; HE-2; DENSITY; VISCOSITY; ACCURACY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP AZIZ, RA (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT PHYS,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 45 TC 261 Z9 262 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1586 EP 1589 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1586 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QJ431 UT WOS:A1995QJ43100023 ER PT J AU LYNN, JW ROSOV, N GRIGEREIT, TE ZHANG, H CLINTON, TW AF LYNN, JW ROSOV, N GRIGEREIT, TE ZHANG, H CLINTON, TW TI VORTEX DYNAMICS AND MELTING IN NIOBIUM - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID NB C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP LYNN, JW (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1698 EP 1698 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.1698 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA QJ431 UT WOS:A1995QJ43100055 ER PT J AU FIROUZI, A KUMAR, D BULL, LM BESIER, T SIEGER, P HUO, Q WALKER, SA ZASADZINSKI, JA GLINKA, C NICOL, J MARGOLESE, D STUCKY, GD CHMELKA, BF AF FIROUZI, A KUMAR, D BULL, LM BESIER, T SIEGER, P HUO, Q WALKER, SA ZASADZINSKI, JA GLINKA, C NICOL, J MARGOLESE, D STUCKY, GD CHMELKA, BF TI COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATION OF INORGANIC-SURFACTANT AND BIOMIMETIC ASSEMBLIES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILICATE SOLUTIONS; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM SILICATE; ORGANIC INTERFACES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COUNTERION BINDING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; X-RAY; MICELLES; CHLORIDE AB A model that makes use of the cooperative organization of inorganic and organic molecular species into three dimensionally structured arrays is generalized for the synthesis of nanocomposite materials. In this model, the properties and structure of a system are determined by dynamic interplay among ion-pair inorganic and organic species, so that different phases can be readily obtained through small variations of controllable synthesis parameters, including mixture composition and temperature. Nucleation, growth, and phase transitions may be directed by the charge density, coordination, and steric requirements of the inorganic and organic species at the interface and not necessarily by a preformed structure. A specific example is presented in which organic molecules in the presence of multiply charged silicate oligomers self-assemble into silicatropic liquid crystals. The organization of these silicate-surfactant mesophases is investigated with and without interfacial silicate condensation to separate the effects of self-assembly from the kinetics of silicate polymerization. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,MAT RES LAB,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47334] NR 57 TC 643 Z9 666 U1 24 U2 159 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 24 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5201 BP 1138 EP 1143 DI 10.1126/science.7855591 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QJ237 UT WOS:A1995QJ23700028 PM 7855591 ER PT J AU KIM, SK LOVEJOY, ER MOORE, CB AF KIM, SK LOVEJOY, ER MOORE, CB TI TRANSITION-STATE VIBRATIONAL LEVEL THRESHOLDS FOR THE DISSOCIATION OF TRIPLET KETENE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR REACTION DYNAMICS; X3B1 METHYLENE CH2; POTENTIAL SURFACE; REACTION PROBABILITIES; SINGLET THRESHOLD; S0 FORMALDEHYDE; RATE CONSTANTS; BOND-BREAKING; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY C1 NOAA,ERL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Kim, Sang Kyu/C-1613-2011 NR 74 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 1995 VL 102 IS 8 BP 3202 EP 3219 DI 10.1063/1.468631 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA QH967 UT WOS:A1995QH96700021 ER PT J AU CHURNSIDE, JH HANSON, SG WILSON, JJ AF CHURNSIDE, JH HANSON, SG WILSON, JJ TI DETERMINATION OF OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA FROM IMAGES OF BACKSCATTERED INCOHERENT-LIGHT SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WAVES AB The application,of imaging of sea surfaces has been investigated with respect to determination of sea wave spectra. Incoherent light is projected toward the sea surface, and the backscattered light is imaged with a camera. The primary scattering mechanism is assumed to be from particles suspended in the sea, so the backscattered intensity is determined primarily by the Fresnel coefficients. The ratio of the images detected at two orthogonal polarizations contains the desired information on the local slope of the sea surface, pixel by pixel, in one dimension. By integration, one can obtain the surface-height profile. C1 RISO NATL LAB,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. RP CHURNSIDE, JH (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Hanson, Steen/E-6542-2010; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 6 BP 962 EP 968 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA QG837 UT WOS:A1995QG83700007 PM 21037617 ER PT J AU KIM, YK SANDERS, SC AF KIM, YK SANDERS, SC TI MAGNETOSTRICTION AND GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE IN ANNEALED NIFE/AG MULTILAYERS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KIM, YK (reprint author), ROCKY MT MAGNET INC,LOUISVILLE,CO 80028, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1011 DI 10.1063/1.113588 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QH861 UT WOS:A1995QH86100036 ER PT J AU WOODBRIDGE, EL ELKINS, JW FAHEY, DW HEIDT, LE SOLOMON, S BARING, TJ GILPIN, TM POLLOCK, WH SCHAUFFLER, SM ATLAS, EL LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD GILLIGAN, JM MONTZKA, SA BOERING, KA SALAWITCH, RJ AF WOODBRIDGE, EL ELKINS, JW FAHEY, DW HEIDT, LE SOLOMON, S BARING, TJ GILPIN, TM POLLOCK, WH SCHAUFFLER, SM ATLAS, EL LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD GILLIGAN, JM MONTZKA, SA BOERING, KA SALAWITCH, RJ TI ESTIMATES OF TOTAL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHLORINE IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE FROM IN-SITU AND FLASK MEASUREMENTS DURING AASE-II SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTIC VORTEX; OZONE DEPLETION; GROWTH-RATES; WINTER; RADICALS; DECREASE; AGE; AIR AB Aircraft sampling has provided extensive in situ and flask measurements of organic chlorine species in the lower stratosphere. The recent Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) included two independent measurements of organic chlorine species using whole air sample and real-time techniques. From the whole air sample measurements we derive directly the burden of total organic chlorine (CCly) in the fewer stratosphere. From the more limited real-time measurements we estimate the CCly burden using mixing ratios and growth rates of the principal CCly species in the troposphere in conjunction with results from a two-dimensional photochemical model. Since stratospheric chlorine is tropospheric in origin and tropospheric mixing ratios are increasing, it is necessary to establish the average age of a stratospheric air parcel to assess its total chlorine (Cl-Total) abundance. Total inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) in the parcel is then estimated by the simple difference, Cl-y = Cl-Total - CCly. The consistency of the results from these two quite different techniques suggests that we can determine the CCly and Cl-y in the lower stratosphere with confidence. Such estimates of organic and inorganic chlorine are crucial in evaluating the photochemistry controlling chlorine partitioning and hence ozone loss processes in the lower stratosphere. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RP WOODBRIDGE, EL (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R-E-AL6, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Gilligan, Jonathan/I-8938-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 39 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D2 BP 3057 EP 3064 DI 10.1029/94JD02744 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QJ630 UT WOS:A1995QJ63000026 ER PT J AU FAHEY, DW KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL GAO, RS BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC WOFSY, SC LOHMANN, RP HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD BROCK, CA WILSON, JC MIAKELYE, RC BROWN, RC RODRIGUEZ, JM LOEWENSTEIN, M PROFFITT, MH STIMPFLE, RM BOWEN, SW CHAN, KR AF FAHEY, DW KEIM, ER WOODBRIDGE, EL GAO, RS BOERING, KA DAUBE, BC WOFSY, SC LOHMANN, RP HINTSA, EJ DESSLER, AE WEBSTER, CR MAY, RD BROCK, CA WILSON, JC MIAKELYE, RC BROWN, RC RODRIGUEZ, JM LOEWENSTEIN, M PROFFITT, MH STIMPFLE, RM BOWEN, SW CHAN, KR TI IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS IN AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE AT MIDLATITUDES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE EXPERIMENT; CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; KINETIC DATA-BASE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY; CLOUD; COMBUSTION AB Instrumentation on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft has been used to observe engine exhaust from the same aircraft while operating in the lower stratosphere. Encounters with the exhaust plume occurred approximately 10 min after emission with spatial scales near 2 km and durations of up to 10 s. Measurements include total reactive nitrogen, NOy, the component species NO and NO2, CO2, H2O, CO, N2O, condensation nuclei, and meteorological parameters. The integrated amounts of CO2 and H2O during the encounters are consistent with the stoichiometry of fuel combustion (1:1 molar). Emission indices (EI) for NOx (= NO + NO2), CO, and N2O are calculated using simultaneous measurements of CO2. EI values for NOX near 4 g (kg fuel)(-1) are in good agreement with values scaled from limited ground-based tests of the ER-2 engine. Non-NOx species comprise less than about 20% of emitted reactive nitrogen, consistent with model evaluations. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of aircraft plume detection, these results increase confidence in the projection of emissions from current and proposed supersonic aircraft fleets and hence in the assessment of potential long-term changes in the atmosphere. C1 HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. UNIV DENVER, DEPT ENGN, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. AERODYNE RES INC, BILLERICA, MA 01821 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT CHEM, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. PRATT & WHITNEY, E HARTFORD, CT 06108 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. ATMOSPHER & ENVIRONM RES INC, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP FAHEY, DW (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, R-E-AL6, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 NR 41 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D2 BP 3065 EP 3074 DI 10.1029/94JD02298 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QJ630 UT WOS:A1995QJ63000027 ER PT J AU KAYANO, MT KOUSKY, VE JANOWIAK, JE AF KAYANO, MT KOUSKY, VE JANOWIAK, JE TI OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION BIASES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION MODES OF INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE TROPICS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE; CLIMATE; SEASON; COLD AB The effects of different equator-crossing times on the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data record are examined. A simple procedure proposed by Kousky and Kayano (1994) is used to reduce these effects. Large-scale interannual modes of OLR within the tropics are determined by performing empirical orthogonal function analyses on OLR anomalies and on bias-corrected OLR anomalies. Both analyses result in two physically meaningful leading modes, which describe different large-scale anomalous features of the OLR related to the southern oscillation. A mode related to changes in the satellite observing system is found only in the analysis for the uncorrected OLR anomalies. Evidence is presented indicating that estimates of the mean daily OLR are affected by changes in the equator-crossing times due either to the replacement of satellites or to long-term drifts from the orbital plane during the lifetime of individual satellites. C1 NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV, NATL METEOROL CTR, CTR DIAGNOST BRANCH CLIMATE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. RP KAYANO, MT (reprint author), INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS, CP 515, BR-12227900 S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D2 BP 3173 EP 3180 DI 10.1029/94JD02949 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QJ630 UT WOS:A1995QJ63000036 ER PT J AU LOUREIRO, SM ALEXANDRE, ET ANTIPOV, EV CAPPONI, JJ DEBRION, S SOULETIE, B THOLENCE, JL MAREZIO, M HUANG, Q SANTORO, A AF LOUREIRO, SM ALEXANDRE, ET ANTIPOV, EV CAPPONI, JJ DEBRION, S SOULETIE, B THOLENCE, JL MAREZIO, M HUANG, Q SANTORO, A TI SUPPRESSION OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND THE OVERDOPED REGION IN HGBA2CUO4+DELTA SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article AB For the first time an overdoped, non-superconducting Hg-1201 phase was obtained by a high-pressure technique. The formal copper valence determined by iodometric titration was found to be +2.28(3). Superconducting Hg-1201 with T-c=35 K and upsilon(Cu)=+2.20(3) was obtained by using the same technique and the same precursor, but which had been previously heat-treated. Further heat treatment of the sample increased T-c up to 91 K and reduced upsilon(Cu) to +2.13(3). We show that in the overdoped region of the Hg-1201 system the Cu valence can be changed by varying the precursor heat treatment. The instability of the overdoped phases makes it difficult to achieve the same results by heat-treating the as-prepared samples. A neutron powder diffraction study carried out on the overdoped non-superconducting sample resulted in a value of delta=0.23(3). The formal copper valence obtained by iodometric titration and in the structural study can be reconciled if the presence of CO32- defects on the Hg layers is assumed, or if a formal valence of -1 is adopted for the doping oxygen atoms. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRTBT,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LOUREIRO, SM (reprint author), UNIV GRENOBLE 1,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,BP 166,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RI Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014 OI Antipov, Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829 NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 20 PY 1995 VL 243 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)02419-7 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QJ214 UT WOS:A1995QJ21400001 ER PT J AU LOBERT, JM BUTLER, JH MONTZKA, SA GELLER, LS MYERS, RC ELKINS, JW AF LOBERT, JM BUTLER, JH MONTZKA, SA GELLER, LS MYERS, RC ELKINS, JW TI A NET SINK FOR ATMOSPHERIC CH3BR IN THE EAST PACIFIC-OCEAN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HALIDES AB Surface waters along a cruise track in the East Pacific Ocean were undersaturated in methyl bromide (CH3Br) in most areas except for coastal and upwelling regions, with saturation anomalies ranging from +100 percent in coastal waters to -50 percent in open ocean areas, representing a regionally weighted mean of -16 (-13 to -20) percent. The partial lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br with respect to calculated oceanic degradation along this cruise track is 3.0 (2.9 to 3.6) years. The global, mean dry mole fraction of CH3Br in the atmosphere was 9.8 +/- 0.6 parts per trillion, with an interhemispheric ratio of 1.31 +/- 0.08. These data indicate that similar to 8 percent (0.2 parts per trillion) of the observed interhemispheric difference in atmospheric CH3Br could be attributed to an uneven global distribution of oceanic sources and sinks. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LOBERT, JM (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 26 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 17 PY 1995 VL 267 IS 5200 BP 1002 EP 1005 DI 10.1126/science.267.5200.1002 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QG990 UT WOS:A1995QG99000032 PM 17811440 ER PT J AU LOVEJOY, ER HANSON, DR AF LOVEJOY, ER HANSON, DR TI MEASUREMENT OF THE KINETICS OF REACTIVE UPTAKE BY SUBMICRON SULFURIC-ACID PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE DEPLETION; GAS-PHASE REACTION; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; ICE SURFACES; N2O5; H2O; AEROSOLS; HCL; CHEMISTRY AB An experimental apparatus for measuring the kinetics of the reactive uptake of gas phase species by sulfuric acid aerosol is described. The reactive uptake is studied by monitoring the concentration of the gas phase species at the exit of a laminar flow reactor as a function of the position at which the gas is added to the aerosol flow. The gas phase species concentration is measured by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Sulfuric acid aerosol is generated by the gas phase reaction between SO3 and H2O. The aerosol have lognormal radius distributions with peak radii in the range 0.05-0.15 mu m with a radial dispersion of about +/- 30%. The particle number density (5 x 10(4)-1 x 10(6) particles cm(-3) in the reactor) is measured in a separate apparatus by monitoring the extinction of visible light by the growing particles following a rapid expansion at high relative humidity. The size distribution of the aerosol in the reactor is extracted from measurements of the UV transmission between 200 and 400 nm by using Mie theory. Kinetic results for the reaction of N2O5 with 70 wt % sulfuric acid aerosol at room temperature are presented. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LOVEJOY, ER (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 7 BP 2080 EP 2087 DI 10.1021/j100007a043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QG924 UT WOS:A1995QG92400043 ER PT J AU BJORNDAL, KA BOLTEN, AB COAN, AL KLEIBER, P AF BJORNDAL, KA BOLTEN, AB COAN, AL KLEIBER, P TI ESTIMATION OF GREEN TURTLE (CHELONIA-MYDAS) GROWTH-RATES FROM LENGTH-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; MULTIFAN; WILD; POPULATION; CURVE AB Length-frequency analysis (using the computer program MULTIFAN) was used to estimate growth rates and number of age classes in a population of immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Great Inagua in the southern Bahamas. Results from MULTIFAN were compared with growth rates estimated from nonlinear regression analysis on capture-recapture data and with calculated growth rates for 5-cm carapace length increments for the same population of green turtles. MULTIFAN underestimated growth rates of the smaller green turtles but yielded a better estimate of asymptotic size than did the nonlinear regression analysis. Estimates generated by MULTIFAN and by nonlinear regression analysis for the number of years it takes a green turtle at Great Inagua to grow from 30 to 70 cm carapace length fell within the 95% confidence limits of the calculated growth data from capture-recapture data. When the number of length-frequency samples was reduced sequentially from 10 years to two years, MULTIFAN was successful in estimating the number of age classes in the population for each of the nine sample sets. Length-frequency analysis shows promise as a method to rapidly estimate the number of year classes in a population of immature sea turtles and to estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP BJORNDAL, KA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR SEA TURTLE RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 15 PY 1995 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QH372 UT WOS:A1995QH37200007 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR AF HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR TI HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY OF BROMINE SPECIES IN SULFURIC-ACID UNDER STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HCL; BRO AB The first-order loss rate coefficients for BrONO2 on 45, 60, and 70 wt% sulfuric acid solutions were measured in a wetted-wall flow tube reactor. The BrONO2 reactive uptake coefficients were > 0.2 and HOBr was the product. When HCl was added to the acid, production of HOBr was still observed but the main product was BrCl. Based on these observations it is concluded that the conversion of BrONO2 to active forms such as HOBr and BrCl on sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere is very rapid. The efficiency of the hydrolysis of BrONO2 suggests that, even for non-volcanic conditions, much of the BrONO2 in the stratosphere can be converted to HOBr at night. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 19 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1029/94GL03379 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ265 UT WOS:A1995QJ26500016 ER PT J AU SASAGAWA, GS KLOPPING, F NIEBAUER, TM FALLER, JE HILT, RL AF SASAGAWA, GS KLOPPING, F NIEBAUER, TM FALLER, JE HILT, RL TI INTRACOMPARISON TESTS OF THE FG5 ABSOLUTE GRAVITY METERS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAVIMETER; LASER AB The FG5 series absolute gravimeters have an estimated instrumental accuracy of 1-2 muGal (1-2 x 10(-8) ms-2). A number of instrument comparisons were conducted with six FG5 instruments over a period of 9 months; the predecessor series JILA4 instrument was also used. The standard deviation of mean g values (averaged over 24-48 h), as observed by different instruments, is 1.8 muGal. Observations taken within 48 h typically agree within 2 muGal, and the maximum observed disagreement is 6 muGal for two observations taken 37 days apart. Individual data sets of 100-250 measurements (16-42 min duration) show minimum standard deviations of 7-8 muGal, placing an upper bound on instrument noise. The data are not corrected for local water-table effects or regional atmospheric loading, and thus the observed repeatability is probably an underestimate of the instrument accuracy. The observed instrument agreement is consistent with the instrumental accuracy estimate. Ignoring deficiencies in modeling environmental gravity signals, this accuracy level should allow resolution of vertical motions at the sub-centimeter level. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. COLORADO COLL,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80903. MICROG SOLUT,ARVADA,CO 80002. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SASAGAWA, GS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,GEOSCI LAB,TABLE MT GEOPHYS OBSERV,8600 N 39TH ST,LONGMONT,CO 80503, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1029/94GL03045 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QJ265 UT WOS:A1995QJ26500035 ER PT J AU STABENO, PJ REED, RK SCHUMACHER, JD AF STABENO, PJ REED, RK SCHUMACHER, JD TI THE ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT - CONTINUITY OF TRANSPORT AND FORCING SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SHELIKOF STRAIT; GULF; CIRCULATION AB Current moorings were deployed on the continental shelf at 13 locations in the northwest Gulf of Alaska. They measured the Alaska Coastal Current at three positions along the coast during April-October 1991. The strongest currents were in the confined region of Shelikof Strait. Mean daily transport was as large as 2.5 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1). Mean transport over the 6-month period ranged from 0.85 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) at the easternmost line (off Gore Point) to 0.64 x 10(6) m(6) s(-1) at the westernmost section (Shelikof Strait), indicating significant transport to the south of Kodiak Island. The transports were well correlated (r > 0.8) and in phase with each other and were also correlated with wind (r similar to 0.6). Data suggest that in Shelikof Strait and off Gore Point, baroclinic flow is similar to 75% and < 40%, respectively, of total transport. RP STABENO, PJ (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C2 BP 2477 EP 2485 DI 10.1029/94JC02842 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QK372 UT WOS:A1995QK37200012 ER PT J AU SHAFFER, G SARMIENTO, JL AF SHAFFER, G SARMIENTO, JL TI BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING IN THE GLOBAL OCEAN .1. A NEW, ANALYTICAL MODEL WITH CONTINUOUS VERTICAL RESOLUTION AND HIGH-LATITUDE DYNAMICS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIFFUSION-MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE; SEA ICE; CIRCULATION; RADIOCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; WATER; AGE AB A new, simple analytical model of ocean chemistry is presented which includes continuous vertical resolution, high-latitude dynamics, air-sea exchange and sea ice cover. In this high-latitude exchange/interior diffusion-advection (HILDA) model, ocean physics are represented by four parameters: k and w, an eddy diffusion coefficient and a deep upwelling velocity in the stratified interior; q, a rate of lateral exchange between the interior and a well-mixed, deep polar ocean; and u, an exchange velocity between surface and deep layers in the polar ocean. First, estimates are made of ice-free and ice-covered areas at high latitudes, surface temperatures, and air-sea exchange velocities from available data. Then values of the physical parameters are estimated from simultaneous, least mean square fits of model solutions for temperature (T) and ''abiotic'' carbon 14 (Delta(14)C) to interior profiles of T and Delta(14)C and surface layer Delta(14)C values all derived from available data. Best fit values for k, w, q, and u are 3.2x10(-5) m(2) s(-1), 2.0x10(-8) m s(-1), 7.5x10(-11) s(-1) and 1.9x10(-6) m s(-1) respectively. These results are interpreted in terms of modes of ocean circulation and mixing and compared with results from other simplier and more complex models. In parts 2 and 3 of this series, these values for k, w, cl and u are taken as inputs for studying phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon cycling in the global ocean with the HILDA model. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP SHAFFER, G (reprint author), UNIV COPENHAGEN,NIELS BOHR INST ASTRON PHYS & GEOPHYS,DEPT GEOPHYS,HARALDSGADE 6,DK-2200 COPENHAGEN N,DENMARK. RI Shaffer, Gary/G-1742-2016 OI Shaffer, Gary/0000-0002-2494-3471 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C2 BP 2659 EP 2672 DI 10.1029/94JC01167 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA QK372 UT WOS:A1995QK37200024 ER PT J AU XU, KHK WEI, LH PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR YECKLEY, RL AF XU, KHK WEI, LH PADTURE, NP LAWN, BR YECKLEY, RL TI EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL COARSENING ON HERTZIAN CONTACT DAMAGE IN SILICON-NITRIDE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; TOUGHNESS CURVES; CRACK-RESISTANCE; 2-PHASE CERAMICS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; GRAIN-SIZE; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; MODEL AB The critical role of grain size in determining the nature of damage accumulation in silicon-nitride ceramics is evaluated using Hertzian contact testing. Single-cycle tests are conducted on materials of two grain sizes, 0.5 mu m (fine) and 2.0 mu m (coarse). Damage patterns for these two materials are compared and contrasted using a special bonded-interface specimen to investigate the subsurface regions. Optical and thermal wave-imaging techniques provide complementary pictures of the damage patterns: whereas the optical image maps elements of both deformation and fracture, the thermal wave image maps only the fracture. Taken together, these two imaging methods disclose a fundamental transition in the mechanical response in the two silicon nitrides, from cone-crack-dominated in the fine material to distributed-microcrack-dominated in the coarse material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the incidence of microfracture in the latter case. Thermal-wave measurements also allow a quantitative evaluation of the microfracture damage. Multiple-cycle tests on the coarse material show a build up of subsurface damage with increasing number of cycles, indicating mechanical fatigue. The results are discussed in terms of a shear-fault model, in which subsurface microcracks initiate from intrinsic planes of shear weakness in the microstructure. Implications concerning the microstructural design of silicon nitride ceramics for strength and wear applications are briefly considered, with reference to countervailing resisting and driving forces in the long-crack and short-crack toughness characteristics. C1 NORTON TRW CERAM, NORTHBOROUGH, MA 01532 USA. RP XU, KHK (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 39 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.1007/BF01178419 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QN512 UT WOS:A1995QN51200005 ER PT J AU WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG DAPKUNAS, SJ HENS, KF RAMAN, R AF WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG DAPKUNAS, SJ HENS, KF RAMAN, R TI NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION-MOLDED ALUMINA GREEN COMPACTS .1. NUCLEAR SPIN-SPIN RELAXATION SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYPROPYLENE AB Development of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) analysis at 400 MHz has been initiated to evaluate the binder in green injection-moulded alumina compacts. The nuclear spin-spin relaxation times, T-2, of protons in the binder components (paraffin wax, polypropylene, and stearic acid) were measured to allow comparison with those in the injection-moulded green compacts. H-1 nuclear spin echo signals were observed by a (pi/2)-tau-pi-tau-echo pulse sequence. Bloch's equations were used to calculate the spin-spin relaxation times from these echo intensities. The T-2 for paraffin wax and polypropylene we re in the 30-33 mu s range and their intensity decay behaviours were very similar. However, the T-2 value for stearic acid was found to be only 17 mu s and its echo signal intensity decayed more rapidly than those for paraffin wax and polypropylene. Binder content variations in three green compacts moulded from the same nominal blend composition were detected. Analysis of the moulded compacts also showed the presence of a species with a T-2 value near 300 mu s This unexpected species may be the result of reaction during processing or the presence of moisture. The width of r.f. pulses used to measure echoes did not have a significant effect on relaxation times but should be considered in calculation of echo intensities at equilibrium and, hence, binder composition. This technique development is expected to allow analysis of both binder content and distribution in moulded components with application in process models. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI & MECH,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP WANG, PS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1007/BF01178445 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QN512 UT WOS:A1995QN51200031 ER PT J AU WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG DAPKUNAS, SJ HENS, KF RAMAN, R AF WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG DAPKUNAS, SJ HENS, KF RAMAN, R TI NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION-MOLDED ALUMINA GREEN COMPACTS .2. T-2-WEIGHTED PROTON IMAGING SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BINDER DISTRIBUTION; FRACTURE ORIGINS; CERAMICS AB Injection-moulded alumina green compacts containing polypropylene, wax, and stearic acid were studied for binder distribution by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) imaging. The solid imaging technique of nuclear spin-spin relaxation time, T-2, weighted imaging at 400 MHz was used. This imaging technique utilizes a multiple pulse sequence of D-0-(pi/2)(+/-)-tau-D-10-D-7-(pi)(x)-D-7-D-10-AQ-D-0 for echo detection and phase encoding. Two-and three-dimensional images were constructed from the intensities of these nuclear echo signals. Spatially resolved two-dimensional images obtained by the application of this technique indicated that the green compacts fabricated from the same nominal binder composition did not contain the same amounts of binder. This observation agrees well with our previous conclusion drawn from nuclear spin echo studies by Hahn's pulse sequence. A 64 x 64 x 64 three-dimensional imaging revealed that the inhomogeneity of binder distribution and internal imperfection do exist at certain locations of the samples. A binder-rich folding line was also detected in one of these green compacts. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI & MECH,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP WANG, PS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1074 DI 10.1007/BF01178447 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA QN512 UT WOS:A1995QN51200033 ER PT J AU EYLEM, C EICHHORN, BW HUANG, Q CLINTON, T AF EYLEM, C EICHHORN, BW HUANG, Q CLINTON, T TI POWDER X-RAY AND NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF THE (BA1-XSRX)(2)(SR0.67BI0.33)(PB1-YBIY)O-6-DELTA COMPOUNDS WITH THE (NH4)(3)FEF6 STRUCTURE TYPE SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH OXIDE; O SYSTEM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PEROVSKITE; TC AB A new series of compounds of composition (Ba1-xSrx)(2)(Sr0.67Bi0.33)(Pb1-yBiy)O-6-delta has been prepared and characterized by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction studies. The phases adopt the cubic (NH4)(3)FeF6 type structure (space group Fm3m) with Sr2+ ions occupying the B sites. TGA and neutron refinements show oxygen vacancies and a large anisotropy associated with the O atoms. The anisotropy is discussed in terms of a vacancy model. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20742. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 115 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1006/jssc.1995.1120 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RC018 UT WOS:A1995RC01800027 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, JS BARCILON, A AF WHITAKER, JS BARCILON, A TI LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY AND WAVE-NUMBER SELECTION IN MODELS WITH ZONALLY SYMMETRICAL FORCING SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FLOW INTERACTION; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; BETA-PLANE; WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; EDDIES; SENSITIVITY; CIRCULATION AB The authors consider a two-layer quasigeostrophic model with linear surface drag and forcing that relaxes to a zonal baroclinically unstable equilibrium state consisting of a meridionally confined temperature gradient. It is observed that the most energetic wave in the time-mean climate has near zero frequency and is not driven by upscale nonlinear energy transfers. This wave has a zonal scale near the long-wave cutoff of the equilibrium state, and its energy balance is mainly between baroclinic generation and dissipation. This maintenance mechanism is different from that suggested by beta-plane, two-dimensional, and quasigeostrophic turbulence arguments and may be relevant to the dynamics of zonally asymmetric low-frequency variability in the atmosphere, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT METEOROL, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV, INST GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<0491:LFVAWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QK453 UT WOS:A1995QK45300008 ER PT J AU COPLEY, JRD AF COPLEY, JRD TI TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF SHORT CURVED NEUTRON GUIDES .1. ACCEPTANCE DIAGRAM ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A curved neutron guide is considered ''short'' if there are direct lines of sight through the device. Such guides have the disadvantage that they transmit high energy neutrons and gamma-rays, which are generally unwanted, as well as the desired low energy neutrons. Nevertheless short curved guides have several uses at thermal neutron research facilities because they can be combined with sections of straight guide to produce composite guides through which there is no line of sight. We analyze the transmission properties of short curved neutron guides using the method of acceptance diagrams, and we present the results of several calculations of their performance. RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 15 PY 1995 VL 355 IS 2-3 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)01139-7 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA QJ706 UT WOS:A1995QJ70600034 ER PT J AU GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH DIMAURO, LF CHARRON, E YANG, B AF GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH DIMAURO, LF CHARRON, E YANG, B TI DYNAMICS OF H-2(+) IN INTENSE LASER FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD DISSOCIATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MOLECULAR STABILIZATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; 6-PHOTON IONIZATION; DIVERGING COUPLINGS; ENERGY FORMALISM; H-2+; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB A number of unexpected features of small molecules subjected to intense laser fields, with wavelengths ranging from infrared to ultraviolet, have been observed or predicted in the past few years: above-threshold dissociation, molecular bond softening, vibrational population trapping. We review these processes for, the case of the molecular ion H-2(+) and discuss the experimental and theoretical tools that are used to study this system. Both electron and proton energy distributions are used to interpret the experimental results. Theoretically, the fragmentation dynamics can be described equivalently as a laser-assisted half-collision process, using solutions of the time-independent Floquet theory, or as the evolution of a wavepacket subjected to a classical radiation field with a given pulse shape, using solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. A broad range of laser intensity and pulsewidth has been explored, with the short-pulse results (analysed in terms of 'dressed' potential curves) offering the best interface between theory and experiment. We finally report on a promising new avenue for coherent control of fragmentation dynamics, through the use of two-colour phase-locked radiation. C1 LAB CHIM PHYS PARIS,F-75231 PARIS,FRANCE. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. RP GIUSTISUZOR, A (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,BATIMENT 213,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Charron, Eric/A-9017-2011 OI Charron, Eric/0000-0003-1660-6368 NR 65 TC 337 Z9 340 U1 6 U2 45 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 309 EP 339 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/28/3/006 PG 31 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA QJ246 UT WOS:A1995QJ24600006 ER PT J AU CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS KREIDER, KG SHOMAKER, BL SMALL, JA GAITAN, M CHAPARALA, P AF CAVICCHI, RE SUEHLE, JS KREIDER, KG SHOMAKER, BL SMALL, JA GAITAN, M CHAPARALA, P TI GROWTH OF SNO2 FILMS ON MICROMACHINED HOTPLATES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS C1 UNIV MARYLAND,RELIABIL ENGN PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CAVICCHI, RE (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 7 BP 812 EP 814 DI 10.1063/1.113429 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QG232 UT WOS:A1995QG23200011 ER PT J AU BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ HUA, S LASHMORE, DS SHAPIRO, AJ GORNAKOV, VS DEDUKH, LM NIKITENKO, VI AF BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ HUA, S LASHMORE, DS SHAPIRO, AJ GORNAKOV, VS DEDUKH, LM NIKITENKO, VI TI MAGNETOOPTICAL INDICATOR FILM OBSERVATION OF DOMAIN-STRUCTURE IN MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,CHERNOGOLOVKA 142432,RUSSIA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012 NR 10 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 1995 VL 66 IS 7 BP 888 EP 890 DI 10.1063/1.113421 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA QG232 UT WOS:A1995QG23200038 ER EF