FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zhang, Z Vogel, G Chow, L AF Zhang, Z Vogel, G Chow, L TI Determination of unhydrolyzed hexafluorosilicate in a two-component dentifrice SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 1407 EP 1407 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80101404 ER PT J AU Chow, LC Takagi, S Vogel, GL Sugawara, A AF Chow, LC Takagi, S Vogel, GL Sugawara, A TI Evaluation of remineralization potential of a Ca-MFP solution in an in vitro model SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIHON UNIV,TOKYO,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 1716 EP 1716 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80101716 ER PT J AU Oshida, Y Eichmiller, FC Stafford, GR AF Oshida, Y Eichmiller, FC Stafford, GR TI Effects of condensers and particle size on hand-consolidated Ag powder SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INDIANA UNIV,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46204. NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 1748 EP 1748 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80101748 ER PT J AU Bowen, RL AF Bowen, RL TI Synthesis of beta-cyclodextrin methacrylates for potential uses in dental resins. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2640 EP 2640 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102637 ER PT J AU Misra, DN AF Misra, DN TI Adsorption of polyacrylic acids and their sodium salts on hydroxyapatite: Effect of molecular weight. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2642 EP 2642 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102642 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH AF Dickens, SH TI Morphology and bond strength of dentin conditioned with self-etching monomers. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PRC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2643 EP 2643 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102639 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE Code, JE Nikaido, T AF Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE Code, JE Nikaido, T TI Efficacy of N-aryl- and N-alkyliminodiacetic acids in dentin bonding. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2644 EP 2644 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102643 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Kelly, JR Jahanmir, S Thompson, V Rekow, ED AF Xu, HHK Kelly, JR Jahanmir, S Thompson, V Rekow, ED TI Damage in human teeth produced by indentation and machining. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ 07103. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2776 EP 2776 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102773 ER PT J AU Bagchi, S Lee, JD Krause, SJ Roitman, P AF Bagchi, S Lee, JD Krause, SJ Roitman, P TI Mechanism of defect formation in low-dose oxygen implanted silicon-on-insulator material SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dislocation half-loop; multiply-faulted defect; silicon islands; SIMOX; stacking fault pyramid; threading dislocation ID LAYER AB The defects and microstructure of low-dose (<0.7 x 10(18) cm(-2)), oxygen-implanted silicon-on-insulator (SIMOX) material were investigated as a function of implant dose and annealing temperature by plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The threading-dislocations in low-dose (0.2-0.3 x 10(18) cm(-2)), annealed SIMOX originate from unfaulting of long (similar to 10 mu m), shallow (0.3 mu m), extrinsic stacking faults generated during the ramping stage of annealing. As dose increases, the defect density is reduced and the structure of the buried oxide layer evolves dramatically. It was found that there is a dose window which gives a lower defect density and a continuous buried oxide with a reduced density of Si islands in the buried oxide. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM BIO & MAT ENGN, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1007/BF02666167 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TP469 UT WOS:A1996TP46900003 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Kim, MS AF Kedzierski, MA Kim, MS TI Single-phase heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an integral-spine fin within an annulus SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE annulus; enhanced heat transfer; spine-fin; friction; water; ethylene glycol AB The laminar, single-phase heat transfer and friction characteristics of a porcupine-like surface (integral-spine fin) within an annulus are presented. The heat-transfer coefficient was determined using a modified version of the Wilson Plot method on a 3m test section. Three fluids were investigated: (1) water, (2) 34% ethylene glycol/water mixture, and (3) 40% ethylene glycol/water mixture. These fluids produced a sufficient variation in the Prandtl number, so that its exponential dependence could be determined. The annulus Reynolds numbers were varied from 100 to 1400 to obtain the Reynolds number exponent. An empirical correlation for the Nusselt number that accounts for the development of the thermal boundary layer is presented. An empirical correlation for the Fanning friction factor Is also provided. It is shown that the spines enhance the heat transfer through additional surface area and fluid mixing. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 226,RM B114,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 1996 VL 3 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA UN013 UT WOS:A1996UN01300004 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Haas, RE AF Friedland, KD Haas, RE TI Marine post-smolt growth and age at maturity of Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar; maturation; post-smolt growth; image processing; circuli spacing ID SEA-AGE; SALAR L; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SEXUAL MATURITY; SOCKEYE SALMON; LIFE HISTORIES; MATURATION; STOCKS; TEMPERATURE; PARR AB The annual variation in sea-age of maturation for a hatchery dependent stock of Atlantic salmon was compared to variation in post-smelt growth as evidenced by circuli spacing patterns. The proportion of returns of 1-seawinter (1 SW) and 2 SW salmon and the fraction of the smelt year class or cohort that maturated as 1 SW fish, were compared to seasonal growth indices determined from circuli spacing on the scales of sm,lt class survivors returning as 1 SW and 2 SW spawners. Using image processing technique!;, we extracted inter-circuli distances from scales from 2244 recaptured fish. Spacing data for the first year at sea were collected and then expressed as seasonal growth indices for the spring period, when post-smelts first enter the ocean; the summer, when growth appears maximal; and winter, when growth appears to be al a minimum. In general, circuli spacings were wider for 1 SW than for the 2 SW returns of the same smelt cohort. The 1 SW fraction was significantly and positively correlated with late summer growth, suggesting that growth during this season is pivotal in determining the proportion of a smelt class that matures early. (C) 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01414.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TV256 UT WOS:A1996TV25600001 ER PT J AU Porter, R Koury, B Stone, F AF Porter, R Koury, B Stone, F TI Comparison of cathepsin B, D, H and L activity in four species of Pacific fish SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; SPAWNING MIGRATION; WHITE MUSCLE; HAKE MUSCLE; CHUM SALMON; PROTEASE; PARASITES AB The activities of cathepsins B, D, H and L were compared in crude muscle extracts from four species of fish: Pacific whiting (PW), (Merluccius productus); arrowtooth flounder (ATF), (Atheresthes stomias); Alaska pollock (AP), (Theragra chalcogramma); and Pacific cod (PC), (Gadus macrocephalus). Both PW and ATF are known to undergo softening during post-mortem handling and cooking while AP and PC do not. Cathepsin B and L activities were both higher in extracts of PW and ATF than in AP and PC. Catheysins B and L activities were both much higher in PW than in ATF. Cathepsin H activity was highest in AP followed by ATF with PC and PW having the lowest activities. Cathepsin D activity was extremely low in all four species. The heat stability of the various cathepsin activities showed cathepsin B to be the most heat labile and was inactivated by 50C heating for 15 min. Cathepsin H activity was inactivated at 60C, while cathepsin L required 70C for inactivation. Cathepsins B and L are the most likely responsible for softening in PW and ATF during holding and subsequent processing. However, during cooking, cathepsin L likely causes the most damage since it requires 70C for inactivation. The difference in heat stability of cathepsins B and L cart be used to differentiate between their activities. RP Porter, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,UTILIZAT RES DIV,MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 6 BP 429 EP 442 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA UQ692 UT WOS:A1996UQ69200004 ER PT J AU Onsager, TG Mukai, T AF Onsager, TG Mukai, T TI The structure of the plasma sheet and its boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID ION DISTRIBUTIONS; AUREOL-3 OBSERVATIONS; POLEWARD EDGE; AURORAL OVAL; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; SECTOR; FIELD; BEAMS; TAIL AB Spacecraft observations made at low-altitudes in the nightside auroral region and also farther downtail in the plasma sheet and plasma sheet boundary layer typically exhibit distinctive features in the electron and ion fluxes. At low altitudes, spacecraft often detect velocity-dispersed ion beams, auroral arcs, and a region showing a localized absence in the precipitating ion flux (called the gap). Farther downtail, for example at X(GSM) approximate to -15 R(E), spacecraft detect features such as an offset between the electron and ion layers of the plasma sheet boundary layer, field-aligned ion beams, and the evolution of the ion beams to isotropic distributions. Using a 3-D model of electron and ion distributions throughout the magnetotail, we have estimated the spatial relationship between these various features at low and high altitudes and the properties of the downtail plasma sheet that correspond to these small-scale structures. Consistent with previous results, we find that the velocity-dispersed ion structure observed at low altitudes corresponds to the field-aligned ion beams observed farther downtail in the plasma sheet boundary layer. Contrary to previous suggestions, we find that the gap, and therefore the co-located auroral arcs, does not map to the near-Earth plasma sheet. Our results indicate that the gap maps to the location in the plasma sheet boundary layer where the transition is occurring between the field-aligned ion beams and the more isotropic distributions characteristic of the central plasma sheet. In the distant tail neutral sheet, this region maps to where the earthward convection velocity is in transition from high values, just inside the distant reconnection site, to slower values somewhat nearer the Earth. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,CTR SPACE SCI,DURHAM,NH 03824. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. RP Onsager, TG (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 687 EP 697 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400018 ER PT J AU Speiser, TW Martin, RF AF Speiser, TW Martin, RF TI Remote sensing of the geomagnetic tail current sheet topology using energetic ions: Neutral lines versus weak field regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID PLASMA SHEET; FLOWS AB Individual flow bursts in a bursty bulk flow event observed by the AMPTE/IRM satellite at R = (-12,-3,1)R(e), have been modeled by following large numbers of single particle orbits in a model of the geomagnetic tail current sheet containing both B-z and B-y components and a near Earth neutral line. A flow burst modeled in the central plasma sheet, just after a substorm onset, implied there was a near-Earth neutral line 1 to 1 1/2R(e) tailward of the satellite. An earlier flow burst at the plasma sheet edge, 1-2 minutes before the substorm onset, implied that at this earlier time the neutral line was already formed and closer to the satellite. To match the centroid of the observations, it was necessary that the source population was strongly earthward and duskward flowing, probably originating from the distant current sheet, and that there must have been a relatively large \B-y\ component. With such a B-y component, it is interesting that a secondary feature of the observed distribution can also be explained qualitatively. During the time that we see the need for a strong earthward flow from a distant source, ground measurements indicate a significant increase in magnetospheric convection. A model with weak but non-reversing B, reproduces some of the observed distribution function features, but not all of them, as well as the neutral line model. However, a secondary ridge seen in the observations implies a mixing of neutral line and weak field topologies, with such mixing occurring on a 1 minute time scale. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORMAL,IL 61790. RP Speiser, TW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,SPACE SCI INST,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 799 EP 807 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400026 ER PT J AU Martin, RF Fricke, R Speiser, TW AF Martin, RF Fricke, R Speiser, TW TI Modeled particle signatures of magnetic structures in the geomagnetic tail SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID PLASMA SHEET; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; NEUTRAL LINE; ION DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; ACCELERATION; SUBSTORM; BOUNDARY AB Using noninteracting particle simulation in prescribed fields, we present a range of potential particle signatures for several models of magnetic structures in the geomagnetic tail. We consider X-type neutral lines, weak field regions, O-type neutral lines, flux ropes, and some combinations of structures, both symmetric and asymmetric. We concentrate on predictions of the variety of qualitative features one might be able to observe in the presence of these structures. Results include previously known features such as dips in the distribution function at resonant energies, ridges and sharp dropoffs, and field-aligned beams. In addition to these, new features including ''cliffs'', ''box canyons'', and quasi-trapped regions are seen. This catalog of potential signatures may be useful in interpreting data from the AMPTE spacecraft and from the recently launched Galileo, GEOTAIL and Interball spacecraft. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,SPACE SCI INST,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Martin, RF (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORMAL,IL 61761, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 809 EP 819 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400027 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, H Maeda, S Fukunishi, H Fuller-Rowell, TJ Evans, DS AF Fujiwara, H Maeda, S Fukunishi, H Fuller-Rowell, TJ Evans, DS TI Global variations of thermospheric winds and temperatures caused by substorm energy injection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS EXPLORER-2; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETIC SUBSTORM; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; RECOVERY PHASE; SATELLITE DATA; GRAVITY-WAVES; CIRCULATION; PROPAGATION; GENERATION AB Two numerical simulations of the thermospheric response to magnetospheric energy injection have been performed using a zonally averaged, time-dependent model of neutral composition, dynamics, and energy budget. The simulations are distinguished by the duration of the source. The first simulation has an energy injection of 1 hour, representative of substorm type forcing, and the second one has a 12-hour energy injection, representative of main storm type forcing. They were performed under the condition of equinox at solar minimum, In the first simulation, large-scale atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), generated by the substorm energy via Joule heating of ionospheric currents, are clearly identified in the wind-field in a meridional plane as well as in the temporal and spacial variations of the total energy density of air above about 130 km height. These waves reach the equator after about 3 hours and propagate into the opposite hemisphere, The horizontal propagation speed is close to the speed of sound (for example, roughly 440 m/s at about 150 km altitude and 670 m/s at about 260 km altitude). Snapshots of the wind system affected by the substorm energy injection show a ''four-cell'' pattern between the poles. Above 260 km the cells have the opposite rotational direction to those below. These small-scale features in the wind system are indicative of the internal atmospheric gravity waves with the vertical phase propagation. From a term analysis of the energy conservation equation, it is identified that the dominant energy process associated with the propagation of AGWs is adiabatic compressional heating and/or expansive cooling process. If call be concluded that the energy oscillations at middle and low latitude are mainly produced by AGWs propagating from high latitude during the substorm. The second simulation indicated that horizontal and vertical advections. vertical heat conduction, and infrared radiative cooling by nitric oxide are important in addition to adiabatic compressional heating and/or expansive cooling. It is suggested that short-duration energy injection preferentially generates AGWs which dominate the energy oscillations at low latitudes through adiabatic heating and cooling. Long-duration energy injection is more effective in generating a meridional circulation which transfers energy by both advective and adiabatic processes. C1 KYOTO UNIV ART & DESIGN, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP Maeda, S (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV, DEPT ASTROPHYS & GEOPHYS, SENDAI, MIYAGI 98077, JAPAN. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1029/95JA01157 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000022 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Liebig, JR Gluck, AA AF Vanderploeg, HA Liebig, JR Gluck, AA TI Evaluation of different phytoplankton for supporting development of zebra mussel larvae (Dreissena polymorpha): The importance of size and polyunsaturated fatty acid content SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zebra mussel; culture; diet; fatty acids; survival ID PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; MYTILUS-EDULIS; FOOD QUALITY; GREEN-ALGAE; GROWTH; MICROALGAE; DIETS; LAKES AB A marine alga and variety of freshwater algae of known polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition were evaluated in the laboratory for their ability to promote development of Dreissena polymorpha from egg through settling and metamorphosis. The three species of algae which promoted development-the marine and the freshwater strain of Chlorella minutissima and the cryptophyte Rhodomonas minuta-were all rich in long-chain (greater than or equal to 18 C) n-3 PUFAs, including some 20:5 or 22:6 PUFAs. Dreissena's need for long-chain n-3 PUFAs is consistent with the needs of marine bivalves and freshwater zooplankton. Larval growth rate on the freshwater strain of C. minutissima was about the same as that for R. minuta, but much faster than that for the marine strain of C. minutissima. Mean ages at settling for larvae fed the freshwater C. minutissima were 15 d at 26 degrees C, 17 d at 24 degrees C, and 22 d at 22 degrees C. Low survival rates reported for the larvae in nature may be related to low concentrations of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in blue-green and some green algae that dominate eutrophic lakes in summer. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 36 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UE692 UT WOS:A1996UE69200005 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Hartson, DJ Gostenik, GW Fanslow, DL Lang, GA AF Nalepa, TF Hartson, DJ Gostenik, GW Fanslow, DL Lang, GA TI Changes in the freshwater mussel community of Lake St Clair: From Unionidae to Dreissena polymorpha in eight years SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unionids; native mussels; zebra mussels; density; biomass; trends; Lake St Clair ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; ERIE; BIVALVES; INFESTATION; IMPACTS; PALLAS; COLONIZATION; POPULATION; SEDIMENTS AB To determine density changes in both the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and native mussels, Unionidae, in Lake St. Clair, surveys were conducted in 1990, 1992, and 1994 and compared to a similar survey in 1986 when no D. polymorpha was found. Collection methods were the same each year, divers used the quadrat method to collect 10 replicate samples at 29 sites located throughout the lake. The total number of unionids collected declined from 281 in 1986, to 248 in 1990, 99 in 1992, and 6 in 1994, while the number of species collected in each of the four respective years was 18, 17, 12, and 5. The decline in the unionid community occurred gradually over this time period as the D. polymorpha population expanded from the southeast region of the lake to the northwest region. Mean density and biomass of D. polymorpha throughout the lake was 1,700 m(-2) and 4.7 gDW m(-2) in 1990, 1,500 m(-2) and 3.5 gDW m(-2) in 1992, and 3,200 m(-2) and 3.1 gDW m(-2) in 1994. The density increase can be attributed to the expansion of the population into the northwest region, while the decrease in biomass was mostly a result of a decline in the weight per unit length. Mean biomass of the D. polymorpha population in 1994 was actually lower than the mean biomass of unionids in 1986; however, based on literature-derived filtering rates, the filtering capacity of the D. polymorpha population in 1994 was 12 times greater than the filtering capacity of the unionid community in 1986. This increase has likely led to reported changes in the Lake St. Clair ecosystem (increased water clarity, increased plant growth, and shifts in fish communities). C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. NR 67 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 354 EP 369 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VC212 UT WOS:A1996VC21200019 ER PT J AU Gossiaux, DC Landrum, PF Fisher, SW AF Gossiaux, DC Landrum, PF Fisher, SW TI Effect of temperature on the accumulation kinetics of PAHs and PCBs in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAHs; PCBs; zebra mussels; temperature; kinetics ID WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; MYTILUS-EDULIS; FILTRATION-RATE; BIOCONCENTRATION; TOXICOKINETICS; DEPURATION; RELEASE; ALGAE AB The role of temperature on the accumulation and elimination kinetics of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was examined for the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Uptake and elimination rates were measured at intervals over a three year period in laboratory toxicokinetics studies in which zebra mussels were maintained at ambient field temperatures or acclimated to higher or lower temperatures. The uptake rate coefficients (k(u)) for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) increased in proportion to temperature over a range from 4 to 20 degrees C when measured at the field-collected temperature. Both k(u) and the elimination coefficient (k(u)) also decreased with increasing organism size. However, no relationship with temperature was found for the k(u) of BaP in the following year nor was there a relationship between k(u) and temperature for pyrene and pentachlorophenol (PCP) when the kinetics were measured at field-collected temperatures. In laboratory acclimation studies, k(d) for three compounds (BaP, HCBP, and PCP) showed a significant positive relationship with temperature over the 4-20 degrees C range. Pyrene accumulation kinetics however, still exhibited no relationship with temperature. These results contradict the concept that uptake of contaminants changes over a season with temperature thereby, influencing contaminant toxicokinetics. Furthermore, the k(d) values observed for these compounds indicate that elimination was slow, and no relationship of k(d) was exhibited with water temperature, season, or year. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43202. RP Gossiaux, DC (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 379 EP 388 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VC212 UT WOS:A1996VC21200021 ER PT J AU Burton, GA Ingersoll, CG Burnett, LC Henry, M Hinman, ML Klaine, SJ Landrum, PF Ross, P Tuchman, M AF Burton, GA Ingersoll, CG Burnett, LC Henry, M Hinman, ML Klaine, SJ Landrum, PF Ross, P Tuchman, M TI A comparison of sediment toxicity test methods at three Great Lake Areas of Concern SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; fresh water bioassay; toxicity; sediments ID RIVER; WATER AB The significance of sediment contamination is often evaluated using sediment toxicity (bioassay) testing. There are relatively few ''standardized'' test methods for evaluating sediments. Popular sediment toxicity methods examine the extractable water (elutriate), interstitial water or whole (bulk) sediment phases using test species spanning the aquatic food chain from bacteria to fish. The current study was designed to evaluate which toxicity tests were most useful in evaluations of sediment contamination at three Great Lake Areas of Concern. Responses of 24 different organisms including fish, mayflies, amphipods, midges, cladocerans, rotifers, macrophytes, algae, and bacteria were compared using whole sediment or elutriate toxicity assays. Sediments from several sites in the Buffalo River Calumet River (Indiana Harbor), and Saginaw River were rested as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Project. Results indicated several assays to be sensitive to sediment toxicity and able to discriminate between differing levels of toxicity. Many of the assay responses were significantly correlated to other toxicity responses and were similar based on factor analysis. For most applications, a test design consisting of two To three assays should adequately detect sediment toxicity, consisting of various groupings of the following species: Hyalella azteca, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chironomus riparius, Chironomus tentans, Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas, Hexagenia bilineata, Diporeia sp., Hydrilla verticillata, or Lemna minor. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,MIDWEST SCI CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. UNIV MINNESOTA,NATL BIOL SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP Burton, GA (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM QUAL,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011; Burton, Glenn/Q-9714-2016 OI Burton, Glenn/0000-0002-8660-6294 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 495 EP 511 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VQ491 UT WOS:A1996VQ49100002 ER PT J AU Smith, SL MacDonald, DD Keenleyside, KA Ingersoll, CG Field, LJ AF Smith, SL MacDonald, DD Keenleyside, KA Ingersoll, CG Field, LJ TI A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment quality; toxicity; benthic communities; sediment assessment ID WATER SEDIMENT; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; TOXICITY; TOXICOKINETICS; CRITERIA; BIOAVAILABILITY; DIPOREIA; PYRENE; RANGES AB Sediment quality assessment values were developed using a weight of evidence approach in which matching biological and chemical data from numerous modelling, laboratory, and field studies performed on freshwater sediments were compiled and analyzed. Two assessment values (a threshold effect level (TEL) anal a probable effect level(PEL)) were derived for 23 substances, including eight trace metals, six individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and eight pesticides. The two values defined three ranges of chemical concentrations; those that were (1) rarely, (2) occasionally, and (3) frequently associated with adverse biological effects. An evaluation of the percent incidence of adverse biological effects within the three concentration ranges indicated that the reliability of the TELs (i.e., the degree to which the TELs represent concentrations within the data set below which adverse effects rarely occur) was consistently good. However, this preliminary evaluation indicated that most of the PELs were less reliable (i.e., they did not adequately represent concentrations within the data set above which adverse effects frequently occur), Nonetheless, these values were often comparable to other biological effects-based assessment values (which were themselves reliable), which increased the level of confidence that could be placed in our values. This method is being used as a basis for developing national sediment quality guidelines for freshwater systems in Canada and sediment effect concentrations as part of the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program in the Great Lakes. C1 MACDONALD ENVIRONM SCI LTD,LADYSMITH,BC V0R 2E0,CANADA. NATL BIOL SERV,MIDWEST SCI CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NOAA,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP Smith, SL (reprint author), ENVIRONM CANADA,EVALUAT & INTERPRETAT BRANCH,PL VINCENT MASSEY,8TH FLOOR,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0H3,CANADA. NR 30 TC 162 Z9 195 U1 4 U2 45 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 624 EP 638 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VQ491 UT WOS:A1996VQ49100012 ER PT J AU Hawley, N Wang, XT Brownawell, B Flood, R AF Hawley, N Wang, XT Brownawell, B Flood, R TI Resuspension of bottom sediments in Lake Ontario during the unstratified period, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE resuspension; Lake Ontario; sediment transport ID NIAGARA RIVER; NEPHELOID LAYER; MICHIGAN; TRAP; CONTAMINANTS; FLUXES; MATTER AB Time-series measurements of current velocity and water temperature made at a station in southwestern Lake Ontario between October 1992 and June 1993 are combined with analyses of material collected in a sequencing sediment trap moored at the same location. The results show that local resuspension of bottom material occurred several times during November and December. Analyses of total PCBs and Mirex concentrations were used to infer the origins of the material collected in the traps. Material collected during the fall has multiples sources; in addition to material already in suspension and bottom material resuspended from the immediate area, some material appears to be derived from the Niagara River delta. This is the first reported instance of bottom resuspension in the Great Lakes at depths below wave base during the unstratified period that has been confirmed by current velocity measurements. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Hawley, N (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 707 EP 721 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VQ491 UT WOS:A1996VQ49100018 ER PT J AU Berg, DJ Fisher, SW Landrum, PF AF Berg, DJ Fisher, SW Landrum, PF TI Clearance and processing of algal particles by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zebra mussel; clearance rate; algae; contaminant cycling; suspended particles ID WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; FILTERING IMPACTS; FILTRATION-RATE; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOACCUMULATION; SUSPENSION; BIVALVES AB The exotic zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, has become a dominant member of nearshore benthic communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Suspension-feeding bivalves such as the zebra mussel filter algal particles from the water column and either reject them as pseudofeces, digest them, or egest them as feces. We used laboratory experiments to compare clearance and particle processing of two green algal species by zebra mussels. The effect of algal concentration on clearance rate of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii varied between large and small mussels. When mussels were fed Pandorina morum, clearance rate declined with increasing algal concentration. Mussel size affected clearance of C. reinhardtii but not P. morum. On a diet of P. morum, pseudofeces production was constant across algal concentrations. When fed C. reinhardtii, mussels increased pseudofeces production as algal concentration increased once a threshold was crossed. Below this threshold, no pseudofeces were produced. Measured clearance rates tended to be as high or higher than those previously reported indicationg that incipient limiting concentrations vary with the types of particle processed. Absorption efficiencies were similar for both algal species. Our results show that particle processing by zebra mussels depends on the types of particles present in the water column and the size structure of the mussel population. To accurately determine the impacts of zebra mussels on the trophic structure of ecosystems and the cycling of contaminants, investigators must use realistic algal assemblages and account for the size structure of mussel populations. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 779 EP 788 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VQ491 UT WOS:A1996VQ49100023 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW AF Bryant, GW TI Quantum dots in quantum well structures SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; quantum wells; strain; energy levels ID 3-DIMENSIONALLY CONFINED STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; SHARP-LINE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOSCALE INP ISLANDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BOX STRUCTURE; CARRIER CONFINEMENT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Recent progress toward fabricating and characterizing quantum dots in III-V quantum well structures is reviewed. Quantum dots made by use of lithography and etching, including deep-etched, barrier-modulated, strain-induced and interdiffused quantum dots, are described. Quantum dots fabricated by growth, including natural quantum dots, dots on patterned substrates, and self-assembled dots, are discussed. Dot sizes and uniformity, energy-level splittings, and luminescence efficiencies that are now being achieved are discussed. The status of key issues, such as the energy relaxation in quantum dots, is mentioned. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 96 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PY 1996 VL 70 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0022-2313(96)00048-8 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA VP014 UT WOS:A1996VP01400010 ER PT J AU Nakatani, AI Morrison, FA Jackson, CL Douglas, JF Mays, JW Muthukumar, M Han, CC AF Nakatani, AI Morrison, FA Jackson, CL Douglas, JF Mays, JW Muthukumar, M Han, CC TI Shear-induced changes in the order-disorder transition temperature and the morphology of a triblock copolymer SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Morphology of Polymers Europhysics Conference on Macromolecular Physics CY JUL 17-20, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Phys Soc ID POLYMERS AB A summary of our work on a triblock copolymer under steady shear is presented. The experiments were conducted using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), as a function of shear rate and temperature, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on quenched specimens. The triblock copolymer is composed of polystyrene-d(8)/polybutadiene/polystyrene-d(8), and the ordered microstructure normally consists of hexagonally packed cylinders. Two temperature-dependent, characteristic shear rates, gamma(C1) and gamma(C2), are identified from the scattering results. The first characteristic shear rate identifies the shear rate required to go from a disordered state to an ordered state, while the second characteristic shear rate is interpreted as the shear rate necessary to produce a different ordered morphology. This latter transition was previously identified as being analogous to a martensitic transition in metal alloys. The supporting SANS and TEM evidence for the new ordered phase is presented. Dynamical aspects of the structural transition between different ordered triblock morphologies are discussed using the model of a martensitic-like transformation. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,POLYMER SCI & ENGN DEPT,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Nakatani, AI (reprint author), TECHNOL ADM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Morrison, Faith/G-2996-2011 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0022-2348 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PHYS JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. PY 1996 VL B35 IS 3-4 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1080/00222349608220391 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VM053 UT WOS:A1996VM05300012 ER PT J AU Dagg, MJ Green, EP McKee, BA Ortner, PB AF Dagg, MJ Green, EP McKee, BA Ortner, PB TI Biological removal of fine-grained lithogenic particles from a large river plume SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FECAL PELLETS; OIKOPLEURA-DIOICA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NATURAL COPEPOD; SINKING RATES; ZOOPLANKTON; WATERS; FOOD AB The pelagic tunicate, Oikopleura dioica, feeds by non-selectively filtering particles in the size range of 0.2-20 mu m. Tn the northern Gulf of Mexico, particulate matter in this size range contains large amounts of fine-grained lithogenic material because of the influence of the Mississippi River. During May 1992, O. dioica populations filtered between 2 and 44% (mean = 20%) of the upper 5 m each day. The filtered lithogenic particles either remain in the oikopleurid house or are defecated in fecal pellets which have high sinking velocities. Either way, the larvacean populations significantly alter the fates of fine-grained lithogenic particles in these waters and thereby enhance light penetration. The widespread occurrence of oikopleurids in coastal regions of temperate and subtropical oceans suggests they could have a significant influence on the fates of fine-grained lithogenic particles in discharge plumes of many of the world's large, sediment-laden rivers. C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE, DEPT MARINE SCI & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NE1 7RU, TYNE & WEAR, ENGLAND. NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RP Dagg, MJ (reprint author), LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, 8124 HIGHWAY 56, CHAUVIN, LA 70344 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1357/0022240963213466 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TW026 UT WOS:A1996TW02600007 ER PT J AU Thomson, R AF Thomson, R TI Crack path in an amorphous material in the quasi static limit SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Crack path stability is discussed, and it is shown that the standard continuum mechanics G-force on a crack is the correct driving force for a crack. In a glass, where all cleavage planes are possible, this criterion also implies a path where the local Mode II on the crack is nullified. RP Thomson, R (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0002 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200002 ER PT J AU An, L Chan, HM Padture, NP Lawn, BR AF An, L Chan, HM Padture, NP Lawn, BR TI Damage-resistant alumina-based layer composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS MONOLITHIC CERAMICS; HERTZIAN STRESS-FIELD; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; CONE CRACKS; INDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN AB A new philosophy for tailoring layer composites for damage resistance is developed, specifically for alumina-based ceramics. The underlying key to the approach is microstructural control in the adjacent layers, alternating a traditional homogeneous fine-grain alumina (layer A) for hardness and wear resistance with a heterogeneous alumina: calcium-hexaluminate composite (layer C) for toughness and crack dispersion, with strong bonding between the interlayers. Two trilayer sequences, ACA and CAC, are investigated. Hertzian indentation tests are used to demonstrate the capacity of the trilayers to absorb damage. In the constituent materials, the indentation responses are fundamentally different: ideally brittle in material A, with classical cone cracking outside the contact; quasi-plastic in material C, with distributed microdamage beneath the contact. In the ACA laminates, shallow cone cracks form in the outer A layer, together with a partial microdamage zone in the inner C layer. A feature of the cone cracking is that it is substantially shallower than in the bulk A specimens and does not penetrate to the underlayer, even when the applied load is increased. This indicates that the subsurface microdamage absorbs significant energy from the applied loads, and thereby ''shields'' the surface cone crack. Comparative tests on CAC laminates show a constrained microdamage zone in the outer C layer, with no cone crack, again indicating some kind of shielding. Importantly, interlayer delamination plays no role in either layer configuration; the mechanism of damage control is by crack suppression rather than by deflection. Implications for the design of synergistic microstructures for damage-resistant laminates are considered. C1 NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP LEHIGH UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 53 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0025 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200025 ER PT J AU Morrison, JF Chesler, SN Reins, JL AF Morrison, JF Chesler, SN Reins, JL TI Supercritical fluid extraction immunoassay for the rapid screening of cocaine in hair SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); radioimmunoassay (RIA) cocaine; hair ID COCAETHYLENE; PRODUCTS; ASSAY AB Supercritical fluid extraction-radioimmunoassay (SFE-RIA) was evaluated as a rapid screening tool for the detection of cocaine residues in human hair. SFE was performed using carbon dioxide modified with triethylamine (TEA) and water, with off-line collection of extracted cocaine in methanol. Extracts were analyzed for the presence of cocaine using a commercially available solid-phase RIA kit. In order to develop a suitable RIA calibration method for reliable measurement of cocaine in SF extracts, calibration data was compared for methanolic standards both with and without the presence of the SF modifier. Methanol had only a minor impact on immunoassay performance, producing an 11% decrease in maximum binding counts. In contrast, the presence of TEA/H2O profoundly degraded assay performance, producing a 60% suppression in assay counts. To preserve RIA sensitivity, SF extracts were evaporated under nitrogen to remove the modifier and reconstituted in methanol for RIA analysis. Incorporation of the evaporation step permitted the use of modifier-free cocaine calibrators in methanol. Calibration data was fit to a four-parameter logistic model. SFE-RIA analysis of a series of drug-free hair samples established an RIA cut-off value for distinguishing between a negative and presumptive positive cocaine sample at an SF extract concentration of 1.2 ng/mL, or a hair concentration of 0.07 ng/mg. The robustness of the SFE-RIA method was demonstrated by the analysis of a variety of hair samples from both drug users and non-users. The quantitative SFE-RIA findings correlated well with the values obtained by an acid incubation/GC-MS method. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT FORENS SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP Morrison, JF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ANALYT CHEM,222-A213,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TW962 UT WOS:A1996TW96200006 ER PT J AU Goldbaum, FA Schwarz, FP Eisenstein, E Cauerhff, A Mariuzza, RA Poljak, RJ AF Goldbaum, FA Schwarz, FP Eisenstein, E Cauerhff, A Mariuzza, RA Poljak, RJ TI The effect of water activity on the association constant and the enthalpy of reaction between lysozyme and the specific antibodies D1.3 and D44.1 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE antigen-antibody; enthalpy; entropy; water molarity; hydration; association constants ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SOLVATION; BINDING; ANTIGEN; COMPLEX; RESOLUTION; FV AB The reactions of lysozyme with the specific monoclonal antibody D1,3, its Fv fragment and a mutant of the Fv, were studied under conditions of reduced water activity through the addition of the cosolutes glycerol, ethanol, dioxane and methanol, Titration calorimetry, BIAcore(TM) and ultracentrifugal analyses were used to determine enthalpy of reactions and affinity constants, There was a decrease in the values of the enthalpies of reactions as well as in the association constants which was proportional to the decrease in water activity, These results are consistent with a structural model in which water molecules bound to the antigen and the antibody are conserved upon complex formation and provide bonds which are important for the stability of the complex, In contrast, the reaction of lysozyme with the specific monoclonal antibody D44.1, or its Fab, showed the inverse effect: a small increase in the value of the association constant with decreasing water molarities, This is in agreement with a model in which binding of antigen to antibody D44,1 is accompanied by the release of a very small number of water molecules. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08937]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM52801] NR 35 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1352(199601)9:1<6::AID-JMR240>3.3.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA UG955 UT WOS:A1996UG95500002 PM 8723314 ER PT J AU Pine, AS Stone, SC AF Pine, AS Stone, SC TI Torsional tunneling and A(1)-A(2) splittings and air broadening of the (r)Q(0) and (p)Q(3) subbranches of the nu(7) band of ethane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY LASER SYSTEM; H STRETCHING REGION; 3000 CM-1 REGION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; NU-9 BAND; SPECTRUM; C2H6; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHINE; ROTATION AB The strong and sharp (r)Q(0) and (P)Q(3) subbranches of the v(7) perpendicular band of C2H6 near 3000 cm(-1) are located in atmospheric windows and have been observed in several remote monitoring measurements of ethane using infrared solar absorption spectroscopy. We report here difference-frequency laser measurements of the air broadening and shifting of these Q branches at T = 296 and 160 K in order to improve the quantitative analysis of the atmospheric spectra. The air-broadened spectra can be fit to high accuracy by convolving the Doppler-limited spectra with single shifted Lorentzians with broadening coefficients of similar to 0.67 cm(-1)/MPa at 296 K and temperature exponents (gamma proportional to T--n) of n similar to 1. The peculiar Doppler contours of these Q branches are unresolved, even at the lower temperatures. Therefore, in order to model their blended contours, we have recorded their sub-Doppler fine structure using a color-center laser optothermal molecular beam spectrometer. We have resolved torsional tunneling splittings in both Q subbranches and anomalous A(1)-A(2) splittings in (P)Q(3) with the individual J components exhibiting distinctive nuclear-spin weights. These splittings are induced by high-order torsional background perturbing states with localized irregularities, making it difficult to model the spectra with simple J(J + 1) power series. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Pine, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0004 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800005 ER PT J AU Pine, AS Suenram, RD Brown, ER McIntosh, KA AF Pine, AS Suenram, RD Brown, ER McIntosh, KA TI A terahertz photomixing spectrometer: Application to SO2 self broadening SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; TUNABLE LASER SIDEBANDS; TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; HETERODYNE CONVERSION; NU-3 BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; REGION; RADIATION AB A new tunable cw far-infrared difference-frequency spectrometer has been developed by mixing two single-mode visible dye lasers separated by terahertz frequencies in an ultrahigh-speed photoconductor. The photomixer device is fabricated with submicrometer interdigital electrodes driving a broadband self-complementary spiral antenna on epitaxial low-temperature-grown (LTG) GaAs material. The LTG-GaAs material has subpicosecond recombination lifetimes, facilitating the ultrafast response of the mixer. The coherent far-infrared radiation is coupled out of the rear surface of the GaAs substrate using an aplanatic Si lens and is detected by a conventional Si-composite bolometer at T = 4.2 K. We have obtained usable signal-to-noise ratios for radiation from 0.1 to 1.0 THz using 584-nm dye laser pumps with the prospect of reaching 2 or 3 THz with pump wavelengths closer to the GaAs bandgap. The instrumental linewidth is currently about 2 MHz, limited by the jitter of the dye lasers. Baseline normalization is necessary to compensate for amplitude fluctuations of the lasers and for the strong fringes arising from standing waves between the source and detector and within the detector dewar. The instrument has been used to obtain SO2 self-broadening coefficients for pure rotational transitions in several Q branches. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. RP Pine, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0006 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800007 ER PT J AU Xu, YJ McKellar, ARW Burkholder, JB Orlando, JJ AF Xu, YJ McKellar, ARW Burkholder, JB Orlando, JJ TI High-resolution infrared spectrum of the nu(1) and nu(3) bands of dichlorine monoxide, Cl2O SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE PEROXIDE; NU-1 BAND; OCIO AB The v(1) (symmetric stretch) and v(3) (asymmetric stretch) fundamental bands of the semistable molecule ClOCl have been recorded and analyzed. This is the first high-resolution infrared study of dichlorine monoxide. The spectrum, which occurs in the 600 to 700 cm(-1) region, is very dense, and its assignment was greatly aided by the results of previous microwave studies of the ground and excited vibrational states. About 5400 transitions belonging to the two most abundant isotopic forms, (ClOCl)-Cl-35-O-16-Cl-35 and (ClOCl)-Cl-35-O-16-Cl-37, were assigned and fitted. For each isotope, the v(1) and v(3) bands were analyzed simultaneously in order to account for the Coriolis interaction which couples these vibrations. The band origins for the (ClOCl)-Cl-35-O-16-Cl-35 isotope were determined to be v(1) = 641.9694(1) cm(-1) and V-3 = 686.5936(1) cm(-1). The Coriolis interaction parameter was determined to be G(c) = 0.21087(2) cm(-1), which corresponds to xi(13)(C) = 0.928. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,STEACIE INST MOLEC SCI,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0R6,CANADA. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80209. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0010 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800011 ER PT J AU Kawashima, Y Suenram, RD Hirota, E AF Kawashima, Y Suenram, RD Hirota, E TI Determination of nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of NaOH, KOH, RbOH, and CsOH and electric dipole moment of NaOH SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABLATION; POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE; HYPERFINE SPECTRUM; RESONANCE AB The J = 1 <-- 0 rotational transitions of NaOH, KOH, RbOH, and CsOH were observed using a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation source. Well resolved hyperfine structure has been observed, yielding precise values of the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants eQq for alkali metal atoms. The excited vibrational state, v(2) = 2 and I = 0, was also observed for all species. The resulting values of eQq's for the excited vibrational states differ little from those of the ground vibrational states. When the long-pulse mode of the Nd:YAG laser was used instead of the Q-switched mode, the Stark effect of NaOH was successfully observed. The dipole moment of NaOH was determined to be 22.79(3) x 10(-30) Cm [6.832(9) D] from the Stark effect. The uncertainties shown are three Standard deviations. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. GRAD UNIV ADV STUDIES, HAYAMA, KANAGAWA 24001, JAPAN. RP KANAGAWA INST TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM TECHNOL, 1030 SHIMO OGINO, ATSUGI, KANAGAWA 24302, JAPAN. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0013 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800014 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Gaigalas, AK Reipa, V AF Atha, DH Gaigalas, AK Reipa, V TI Structural analysis of heparin by Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANTITHROMBIN-BINDING SEQUENCE; DERMATAN SULFATE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; CONFORMATION; SPECTRA AB The Raman spectra of commercially available heparin disaccharide standards exhibit bands associated with the N-sulfate and the 6-O-sulfate groups of the glucosamine and the 2-O-sulfate of the iduronic acid. The N-sulfate has a strong band at 1039 cm(-1). The 6-O-sulfate and the 2-O-sulfate exhibit bands at 1055 and 1065 cm(-1), respectively. The pattern of these modes, which are assigned to the symmetric SO3 vibrations, was supported by semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations. The above bands were identified in the Raman spectrum of a commercial preparation of porcine mucosal heparin and were used to determine the relative proportion of the N-sulfate, 6-O-sulfate, and 2-O-sulfate groups in the heparin molecule. This information, which is complementary to that obtained by NMR spectroscopy, is of particular importance in relation to biological activity. This study also extends the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy to include structural details required for the quality assurance of pharmaceutical preparations of heparin. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV BIOTECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 EI 1520-6017 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 85 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1021/js950216c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA TP970 UT WOS:A1996TP97000010 PM 8926584 ER PT J AU Domalski, ES Hearing, ED AF Domalski, ES Hearing, ED TI Heat capacities and entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase, vol 3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE condensed phase; entropy; evaluated data; heat capacity; organic compounds; phase transitions; WLN ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; N-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; 5-COORDINATED IRON(III) COMPLEX; EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; INCLUDING ISOLATED CLUSTERS; BIOCHEMICAL MODEL COMPOUNDS; PICKER FLOW CALORIMETER; + NORMAL-HEPTANE; TEMPERATURE ADIABATIC CALORIMETER AB This compilation of data on the heat capacities and entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase is a cumulative document and includes the following earlier published work on this subject: ''Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase,'' E. S. Domalski, W. H. Evans, and E. D. Hearing, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 13, Suppl. 1 (1984) and ''Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase, Volume II,'' E.S. Domalski and E.D. Hearing, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19, 881-1047 (1990). In addition, the literature through 1993 has been searched and the pertinent data reported has been included in Volume III. The latter volume provides data on 5332 individual entries for 2503 discrete organic compounds for which over 2200 articles have been examined, evaluated, and referenced. In addition to values for the heat capacity and entropy at 298.15 K, phase transitions for solid/solid, solid/ liquid, and in some instances, solid/gas and liquid/gas are tabulated as encountered in the articles examined and evaluated. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics and American Chemical Society. RP Domalski, ES (reprint author), NIST, CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 1866 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 10 U2 59 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 525 PG 525 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA TV783 UT WOS:A1996TV78300001 ER PT J AU Wiese, WL Fuhr, JR Deters, TM AF Wiese, WL Fuhr, JR Deters, TM TI Atomic transition probabilities of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen - A critical data compilation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE allowed and forbidden transitions; atomic ions; carbon; f-values; line strengths; nitrogen; oscillator strengths; oxygen; stage of ionization; transition probabilities ID OSCILLATOR STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BERYLLIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SINGLY-IONIZED OXYGEN; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; PHOTOIONISATION CROSS-SECTIONS; OPTICALLY ALLOWED TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; BREIT-PAULI CORRECTIONS; BEAM-FOIL EXPERIMENTS AB Atomic transition probabilities have been critically compiled for about 13 000 spectral lines of the three elements carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (nuclear charges Z = 6-8), based on all available theoretical and experimental literature sources. All stages of ionization are covered, and the data are presented in separate tables for each element and ion. Separate listings are given for allowed (electric dipole) and forbidden (magnetic dipole and quadrupole, electric quadrupole) transitions. Each data table is arranged as a multiplet table, i.e., the spectral lines are grouped in multiplets, and these are arranged in terms of ascending lower and upper excitation energies. This arrangement is essentially equivalent to a grouping of multiplets into transition arrays and their ordering in terms of ascending quantum numbers. For each line, the transition probability for spontaneous emission A, the oscillator strength (or f-value), and the line strength S are given, along with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels of the upper and lower states. For allowed lines the absorption oscillator strength is listed, while for forbidden transitions the type of transition is identified. In addition, the estimated uncertainty and the source are indicated. In short introductions which precede the tables for each ion, the main justifications for the choice of the adopted data and for the accuracy ratings are discussed. A general introduction contains a discussion of our method of evaluation and the principal criteria for our judgements. RP Wiese, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 181 TC 306 Z9 306 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 1996 SU 7 BP 1 EP & PG 519 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA UA891 UT WOS:A1996UA89100003 ER PT J AU Zabransky, M Ruzicka, V Majer, V Domalski, ES AF Zabransky, M Ruzicka, V Majer, V Domalski, ES TI Heat capacity of liquids: Volume 1 - Critical review and recommended values SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE bibliography; correlating equations; critically evaluated data; heat capacity; liquids; recommended values ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PICKER FLOW CALORIMETER; + NORMAL-HEPTANE; POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC MOLECULES; BIOCHEMICAL MODEL COMPOUNDS; LOW-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; LASER-FLASH CALORIMETRY; SOLID HYDROGEN HALIDES; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES AB Heat capacities belong among the basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties which characterize a liquid. They are directly linked with temperature derivatives of basic thermodynamic functions and are therefore indispensable for the calculation of differences in these functions between different temperatures. This information is widely used in chemical engineering for establishing energy balances, in thermodynamics for obtaining entropy and enthalpy values, and in thermochemistry for calculating changes in reaction enthalpies with temperature. A knowledge of heat capacities is also required for evaluating the effect of temperature on phase and reaction equilibria. Variations in heat capacities serve as a sensitive indicator of phase transitions and are an important tool for understanding changes in the structure of liquid solutions. C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND, CLERMONT FERRAND, FRANCE. CNRS, CLERMONT FERRAND, FRANCE. RP Zabransky, M (reprint author), INST CHEM TECHNOL, CR-16628 PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Zabransky, Milan/A-2214-2009; Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008; Majer, Vladimir/D-2832-2014 NR 1595 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 1996 BP 5 EP + PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA TT071 UT WOS:A1996TT07100004 ER PT J AU Zabransky, M Ruzicka, V Majer, V Domalski, ES AF Zabransky, M Ruzicka, V Majer, V Domalski, ES TI Heat capacity of liquids: Volume II - Critical review and recommended values SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,LAB THERMODYNAM & CHEM ENGN,F-63177 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. CNRS,F-63177 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Zabransky, M (reprint author), INST CHEM TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS CHEM,CR-16628 PRAGUE 6,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Zabransky, Milan/A-2214-2009; Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008; Majer, Vladimir/D-2832-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 1996 BP 815 EP & PN 2 PG 772 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA TT072 UT WOS:A1996TT07200001 ER PT J AU Wiese, WL Fuhr, JR Deters, TM AF Wiese, WL Fuhr, JR Deters, TM TI Atomic transition probabilities of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen - A critical data compilation - Prologue SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wiese, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 1996 SU 7 BP R5 EP R5 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA UA891 UT WOS:A1996UA89100002 ER PT J AU Kelly, JR Nishimura, I Campbell, SD AF Kelly, JR Nishimura, I Campbell, SD TI Ceramics in dentistry: Historical roots and current perspectives SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Review ID COMPOSITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; THERMAL CYCLING DISTORTION; DENTAL PORCELAINS; COLORIMETRIC ASSESSMENTS; MARGINAL ADAPTATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; METAL RESTORATIONS; FLEXURAL STRENGTH; COLOR DIFFERENCES; REPEATED FIRINGS AB This article presents a brief history of dental ceramics and offers perspectives on recent research aimed at the further development of ceramics for clinical use, at their evaluation and selection, and very importantly, their clinical performance. Innovative ceramic materials and ceramics processing strategies that were introduced to restorative dentistry since the early 1980s are discussed. Notable research is highlighted regarding (1) wear of ceramics and opposing enamel, (2) polishability of porcelains, (3) influence of firing history on the thermal expansion of porcelains for metal ceramics, (4) machining and CAD/CAM as fabrication methods for clinical restorations, (5) fit of ceramic restorations, (6) clinical failure mechanisms of all-ceramic prostheses, (7) chemical and thermal strengthening of dental ceramics, (8) intraoral porcelain repair, and (9) criteria for selection of the various ceramics available. It is found that strong scientific and collaborative foundations exist for the continued understanding and improvement of dental ceramic systems. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH DENT MED,DEPT RESTORAT DENT,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL DENT,DEPT RESTORAT DENT,CHICAGO,IL. USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP Kelly, JR (reprint author), NIST,DENT & MED MAT GRP,BLDG 224-A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 164 TC 221 Z9 255 U1 4 U2 43 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90413-8 PG 15 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TQ566 UT WOS:A1996TQ56600005 PM 9005250 ER PT J AU Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hodge, PA Hutchinson, JMR AF Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hodge, PA Hutchinson, JMR TI An international marine-atmospheric Rn-222 measurement intercomparison in Bermuda .1. NIST calibration and methodology for standardized sample additions SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; environment; intercomparison; marine atmosphere; measurement; radium-226; radon-222; standards AB As part of an international Rn-222 measurement intercomparison conducted at Bermuda in October 1991, NIST provided standardized sample additions of known, but undisclosed (''blind'') Rn-222 concentrations that could be related to U.S. national standards. The standardized sample additions were obtained with a calibrated Ra-226 source and a specially-designed manifold used to obtain well-known dilution factors from simultaneous flow-rate measurements. The additions were introduced over sampling periods of several hours (typically 4h) into a common streamline on a sampling tower used by the participating laboratories for their measurements. The standardized Rn-222 activity concentrations for the intercomparison ranged from approximately 2.5 Bq . m(-3) to 35 Bq . m(-3) (of which the lower end of this range approached concentration levels for ambient Bermudian air) and had overall uncertainties, approximating a 3 standard deviation uncertainty interval, of about 6% to 13%. This paper describes the calibration and methodology for the standardized sample additions. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.6028/jres.101.005 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600001 PM 27805090 ER PT J AU Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hutchinson, JMR Whittlestone, S Polian, G Ardouin, B Kay, JG Friend, JP Blomquist, BW Nadler, W Dang, TT Larsen, RJ Hutter, AR AF Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hutchinson, JMR Whittlestone, S Polian, G Ardouin, B Kay, JG Friend, JP Blomquist, BW Nadler, W Dang, TT Larsen, RJ Hutter, AR TI An international marine-atmospheric Rn-222 measurement intercomparison in Bermuda .2. Results for the participating laboratories SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air; environment; intercomparison; marine atmosphere; measurement; radon-222 ID RADON AB As part of an international measurement intercomparison of instruments used to measure atmospheric Rn-222, four participating laboratories made nearly simultaneous measurements of Rn-222 activity concentration in commonly sampled, ambient air over approximately a 2 week period, and three of these four laboratories participated in the measurement comparison of 14 introduced samples with known, but undisclosed (''blind'') Rn-222 activity concentration. The exercise was conducted in Bermuda in October 1991. The Rn-222 activity concentrations in ambient Bermudian air over the course of the intercomparison ranged from a few hundredths of a Bq . m(-3) to about 2 Bq . m(-3), while the standardized sample additions covered a range from approximately 2.5 Bq . m(-3) to 35 Bq . m(-3). The overall uncertainty in the latter concentrations was in the general range of 10%, approximating a 3 standard deviation uncertainty interval. The results of the intercomparison indicated that two of the laboratories were within very good agreement with the standard additions, and almost within expected statistical variations. These same two laboratories, however, at lower ambient concentrations, exhibited a systematic difference with an averaged offset of roughly 0.3 Bq . m(-3). The third laboratory participating in the measurement of standardized sample additions was systematically low by about 65% to 70%, with respect to the standard addition which was also confirmed in their ambient air concentration measurements. The fourth laboratory, participating in only the ambient measurement part of the intercomparison, was also systematically low by at least 40% with respect to the first two laboratories. C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG, MENAI, NSW 2234, AUSTRALIA. CEA, CNRS, LAB MIXTE, CTR FAIBLES RADIOACT, F-91198 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. DREXEL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ATMOSPHER CHEM LABS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 21 EP 46 DI 10.6028/jres.101.006 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600002 PM 27805091 ER PT J AU Read, DT Dally, JW AF Read, DT Dally, JW TI Theory of electron beam moire SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contrast; division; experimental mechanics; fringe; multiplication; pitch; rotation; spatial frequency; stress analysis AB When a specimen surface carrying a high-frequency line grating is examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), moire fringes are observed at several different magnifications. The fringes are characterized by their spatial frequency, orientation, and contrast. These features of the moire pattern depend on the spatial frequency mismatch between the specimen grating and the raster scan lines, the diameter of the electron beam, and the detailed topography of the lines on the specimen. A mathematical model of e-beam moire is developed that expresses the spatial dependence of the SEM image brightness as a product of the local intensity of the scanning beam and the local scattering function from the specimen grating. Equations are derived that give the spatial frequency of the moire fringes as functions of the microscope settings and the spatial frequency of the specimen grating. The model also describes the contrast of several different types of moire fringes that are observed at different magnifications. We analyze the formation of these different fringe patterns, and divide them into different categories including natural fringes, fringes of multiplication, fringes of division, and fringes of rotation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT MECH ENGN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.6028/jres.101.007 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600003 PM 27805092 ER PT J AU Domalski, ES Goldberg, RN OHare, PAG AF Domalski, ES Goldberg, RN OHare, PAG TI 50th Calorimetry Conference Gaithersburg, MD July 23-28, 1995 - Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Domalski, ES (reprint author), NIST, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.6028/jres.101.008 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600004 PM 27805093 ER PT J AU Dagata, JA Diebold, AC Shih, CKK Colton, RJ AF Dagata, JA Diebold, AC Shih, CKK Colton, RJ TI Second Workshop on Industrial Applications of Scanned Probe Microscopy Gaithersburg, MD May 2-3, 1995 - Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SEMATECH, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. UNIV TEXAS, DEPT PHYS, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Dagata, JA (reprint author), NIST, DIV PRECIS ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.6028/jres.101.009 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600005 PM 27805094 ER PT J AU Smith, DT AF Smith, DT TI International workshop on instrumented indentation - San Diego, CA April 22-23, 1995 - Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Smith, DT (reprint author), NIST, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.6028/jres.101.010 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600006 PM 27805095 ER PT J AU Stieren, DC AF Stieren, DC TI Manufacturing Technology Conference: Toward a Common Agenda Gaithersburg, MD April 18-20, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Stieren, DC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.6028/jres.101.011 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600007 PM 27805096 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS AF Bennett, HS TI Workshop on Planning for Compound Semiconductor Technology Gaithersburg, MD February 3, 1995 - Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.6028/jres.101.012 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600008 PM 27805097 ER PT J AU Mills, KL AF Mills, KL TI An experimental evaluation of specification techniques for improving functional testing SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article ID SOFTWARE; REQUIREMENTS; ENVIRONMENT; LANGUAGE; SYSTEMS AB Numerous specification techniques have been proposed to improve the development of computer software. This article reports results from one experiment to compare the effectiveness of functional testing given three different sets of software specifications. Three groups of experienced programmers independently developed functional test cases for the same automated cruise control software. One group worked solely from a natural language description, one was given a graphical real-time structured analysis (RTSA) specification to augment the natural language description, and a third was given, in addition to the English language description and the RTSA specification, an executable specification. Two measures of performance were evaluated: the degree of statement coverage achieved by the test cases created by each group, and the amount of time taken to create the test cases. No significant difference in performance was found among any of the groups for either of the measures. Individual differences in performance among the subjects were observed. Additional statistical tests were used to evaluate the effect of other factors on these individual differences. Such differences appear to be attributable to Variations among the subjects in effort, ability, motivation, and understanding of the assign ment. These results suggest that software engineering researchers should investigate people-related management issues that, perhaps, exert the most significant short-run influence on the performance of software engineers. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), NIST,SYST NETWORK ARCHITECTURE DIV,BLDG 225,ROOM B 217,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/0164-1212(95)00042-9 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA TP813 UT WOS:A1996TP81300008 ER PT J AU Kandhal, PS Wu, YP Parker, F Spellerberg, PA AF Kandhal, PS Wu, YP Parker, F Spellerberg, PA TI Precision of Marshall stability and flow test using 6-in (152.4-mm) diameter specimens SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE large stone mixes; Marshall stability; Marshall flow; percent voids; precision statement AB Earlier studies have shown that the repeatability of Marshall stability, flow, and air voids content measurements on 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter specimens of large stone mixes is better than the repeatability on 4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter specimens. A round robin study involving twelve participating laboratories was conducted to provide information for developing a precision statement for the ASTM Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (6 inch-Diameter Specimen) (D 5581). Difference two-sigma (d2s) limits were developed to determine acceptable single and multilaboratory differences for bulk specific gravity, percent voids, Marshall stability, and Marshall flow measurements. Analysis of other data collected during the study indicated that stability and flow measurements are not sensitive to minor differences in various 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter breaking heads currently in use. C1 AUBURN UNIV,HIGHWAY RES CTR,AUBURN,AL 36849. NIST,MAT REFERENCE LAB,AASHTO,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Kandhal, PS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN UNIV,NATL CTR ASPHALT TECHNOL,211 RAMSEY HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA UM544 UT WOS:A1996UM54400003 ER PT J AU Spellerberg, PA Trimm, WL Pielert, JH AF Spellerberg, PA Trimm, WL Pielert, JH TI Development and application of a quality system standard for construction materials testing laboratories SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE accreditation; construction materials; laboratory; quality; standards; testing AB The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Accreditation Program (AAP) was initiated by AASHTO in 1988 as a tool for promoting the quality of testing in construction materials laboratories. The program currently has around 120 laboratories accredited for testing of various construction materials. In the program it became apparent that there was a need to provide specific guidance to laboratories in preparing and implementing a quality system. In response, AASHTO prepared Recommended Practice R18-921, ''Establishing and Implementing a Quality System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories.'' While generally based on existing ASTM and International Standards Organization (IS0) standards, Practice R18 is much more definitive in regard to evaluation criteria for construction materials laboratories. It includes an appendix that provides illustrated examples of documents, forms, and standard operating procedures, which may be used by the laboratory in preparing a quality manual. Practice R18 has been adopted for use in the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) Laboratory Inspection Program, and became mandatory for laboratories participating in the AASHTO Accreditation Program in April 1994. This paper presents an overview of Practice R18 and its use in the AMRL Laboratory Inspection Program and the AASHTO Accreditation Program. C1 MISSOURI HIGHWAY & TRANSPORTAT DEPT,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. NIST,CONSTRUCT MAT REFERENCE LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Spellerberg, PA (reprint author), NIST,MAT REFERENCE LAB,AASHTO,BLDG 226,ROOM A365,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA UM544 UT WOS:A1996UM54400008 ER PT J AU Dunn, ML Ledbetter, H AF Dunn, ML Ledbetter, H TI Estimation of the orientation distribution of short-fiber composites using ultrasonic velocities SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE; STRESS; MATRIX AB A method for estimating the orientation distribution function (ODF) of short-fiber composites using measured ultrasonic velocities is presented. The method is based on the coupling of (i) a forward micromechanics model of the effective ultrasonic velocities of the textured composite in terms of the coefficients in an expansion of the ODF in generalized spherical harmonics, (ii) ultrasonic measurements of the velocities, and (iii) an inversion algorithm to obtain the coefficients of the ODF from the measured velocities and the forward model. The approach is used to determine the ODF coefficients for a transversely isotropic short-fiber SiC/Al metal-matrix composite. The ODF coefficients obtained by inversion of ultrasonic. velocities agree reasonably with those obtained from neutron-diffraction pole figures. Corresponding elastic constants predicted with these coefficients also agree well with independently measured elastic constants. (C) 1996 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Dunn, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ACOUST MECH & MAT,DEPT MECH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 99 IS 1 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1121/1.414539 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA TQ787 UT WOS:A1996TQ78700029 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL AF Anderson, JL TI Selection of initial conditions for ensemble forecasts in a simple perfect model framework SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; ANALOGS AB An extremely simple chaotic model, the three-variable Lorenz convective model, is used in a perfect model setting to study the selection of initial conditions for ensemble forecasts. Observations with a known distribution of error are sampled from the ''climate'' of the simple model. Initial condition distributions that use only information about the observation and the observational error distribution (i.e., traditional Monte Carlo methods) are shown to differ from the correct initial condition distributions, which make use of additional information about the local structure of the model's attractor. Three relatively inexpensive algorithms for finding the local attractor structure in a simple model are examined; these make use of singular vectors, normal modes, and perturbed integrations. All of these are related to heuristic algorithms that have been applied to select ensemble members in operational forecast models. The method of perturbed integrations, which is somewhat similar to thc ''breeding'' method used at the National Meteorological Center, is shown to be the most effective in this context. Validating the extension of such methods to realistic models is expected to be extremely difficult; however, it seems reasonable that utilizing all available information about the attractor structure of real forecast models when selecting ensemble initial conditions could improve the success of operational ensemble forecasts. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0022:SOICFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TR398 UT WOS:A1996TR39800003 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Schubert, SD AF Higgins, RW Schubert, SD TI Simulations of persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and interhemispheric teleconnections SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; INTRASEASONAL TIME SCALES; LIFE-CYCLES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; INSTABILITY THEORY; DAY OSCILLATION; MODEL; CONVECTION; FLUCTUATIONS AB Evidence is presented, from a composite analysis of a 14-year general circulation model simulation, that persistent North Pacific (PNP) circulation anomalies during boreal winter are part of a larger-scale meridional development extending into the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Lagged composites suggest that the development is initiated over the tropical Pacific by anomalous convection (characterized by an east-west dipole structure centered at the date line) one to two weeks prior to the extratropical onset time. Relatively weak wave trains, extending from the region of anomalous convection into the extratropics, appear to set the stage for the subsequent rapid development of the PNP anomalies. After onset, the PNP anomalies extend into the Tropics and enhance moisture transports that tend to supply moisture to, and thus reinforce, the associated tropical precipitation anomalies. The mature stage is characterized by a strong coupling between hemispheres, including twin low-level cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations straddling the equator with westerly (easterly) wind ''bursts'' on their equatorward flanks. The tropical precipitation anomalies and the extratropical PNP anomalies evolve coherently with tropical intraseasonal oscillations reminiscent of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Results from a similar composite analysis of a shorter (5 year) assimilated atmospheric dataset are generally consistent with the simulated results, despite the substantially smaller sample size. The assimilation, however, positions the tropical heating dipole farther west, in better agreement with previous observational studies of intraseasonal tropical/extratropical teleconnections. As a consequence, the pre-onset Extratropical ''response'' to the tropical anomalies in the simulation has significant phase errors. The remarkably similar evolution in die extratropics after onset suggests that the tropical forcing acts primarily as a catalyst for the development of the PNP anomalies and that the most useful predictors of PNP events may lit not in the extratropics but in the tropical western and central Pacific. C1 NASA, GODDARD LAB ATMOSPHER, GREENBELT, MD USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR, CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,DIAGNOST BRANCH, 5200 AUTH RD, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 188 EP 207 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0188:SOPNPC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TR398 UT WOS:A1996TR39800014 ER PT J AU Pitner, WR Hussey, CL Stafford, GR AF Pitner, WR Hussey, CL Stafford, GR TI Electrodeposition of nickel-aluminum alloys from the aluminum chloride-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; NUCLEATION AB The electrodeposition of nickel and nickel-aluminum alloys on glassy carbon was investigated in the 66.7-33.3 mole percent (m/o) aluminum chloride-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride molten salt containing electrogenerated nickel(II) at 40 degrees C. The electrodeposition of nickel on glassy carbon involves three-dimensional progressive nucleation on a finite number of active sites with hemispherical diffusion-controlled growth of the nuclei. At potentials slightly more negative than those needed to induce the reduction of nickel(II) to the metal, aluminum is codeposited with nickel to produce Ni-Al alloys. Controlled-potential and controlled-current experiments revealed that it is possible to produce alloy deposits containing up to approximately 40 atomic percent (a/o) aluminum under conditions that circumvent the bulk deposition of aluminum. The aluminum content of the Ni-Al deposit was found to vary linearly with the deposition potential but nonlinearly with the current density. The electrodeposited Ni-Al alloys are thermodynamically unstable with respect to nickel(II), i.e., immersion of the alloy deposit in melt containing nickel(II) under open-circuit conditions leads to a reduction in the aluminum content of the alloy. The mechanism of alloy formation appears to involve underpotential deposition of aluminum on the developing nickel deposit; however, alloy formation must be kinetically hindered because the aluminum content is always less than predicted from theoretical considerations. Ni-Al alloys produced at 0.30 V [vs. Al/Al(III) in pure 66.7-33.3 m/o melt] in melt containing nickel(II) and 20% (W/W) benzene as a cosolvent contained about 15 a/o nickel and were of high quality with a disordered fee structure, but alloys produced at more negative potentials had the visual appearance of a loosely adherent, finely divided, black powder and were heavily contaminated with chloride, probably as a result of the occlusion of the molten salt solvent by the dendritic alloy deposit during deposit growth. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Pitner, WR (reprint author), UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677, USA. NR 34 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1149/1.1836397 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600027 ER PT J AU Rennex, BG Ehrstein, JR Scace, RI AF Rennex, BG Ehrstein, JR Scace, RI TI Methodology for the certification of reference specimens for determination of oxygen concentration in semiconductor silicon by infrared spectrophotometry SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTERLABORATORY DETERMINATION AB The methodology and experiment for certification of reference specimens for determining interstitial oxygen concentration in semiconductor silicon are reported. These reference specimens are intended for calibration of infrared spectrophotometers which measure the 1107 cm(-1) oxygen peak in silicon to enable users to improve their measurement agreement. Based on an earlier international Grand Round Robin study, this measurement agreement is at best 5.4% (2 sigma). Industry requirements for measurement comparison are much more demanding, and a methodology to satisfy those requirements is described. The most important aspect of this methodology is to reduce interlaboratory variation by the use of a single infrared instrument for certification. The certification uncertainty depends primarily on the improved repeatability of this instrument. Other sources of uncertainty were nonuniformity in both oxygen concentration and thickness over the specimen area, and variations in residual oxygen among the float-zone specimens which provided zero-oxygen reference for the reference sets. These various sources were combined in quadrature to arrive at 2 sigma estimates of uncertainty under 0.2% at three oxygen levels. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF MICROELECTR PROGRAMS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Rennex, BG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1149/1.1836418 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600048 ER PT J AU Ray, AK Fuller, ER Banerjee, S AF Ray, AK Fuller, ER Banerjee, S TI Fatigue crack growth rate and fracture toughness of 25 wt% silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina composite with residual porosity SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-SHOCK RESISTANCE; TOUGHENING BEHAVIOR; SURFACE STRESSES; CERAMICS; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS; AL2O3 AB The main purpose of this study was to determine the fracture toughness and the fatigue crack growth rate behaviour of 25 wt% silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina ceramic composite. The fracture toughness values determined using the indentation technique depended significantly on the crack length produced at the corners of the indentation which, in turn, depended on the load used for the indentation and anisotrophy in orientation of whiskers in the matrix. However, the fracture toughness values determined using the precracked four-point bend specimens were in general higher than that obtained by the indentation technique and the value was 5.96 +/- 0.15 MPa m(1/2). The fatigue crack growth behaviour in this material was similar to that in the case of metals. However, the exponent for the fatigue crack growth rate was 15.5, significantly higher than that usually observed in metals. The likely micromechanism of crack growth under monotonic and cyclic loading in this composite has been identified from fractography of fatigue failed samples. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SAIL,RES & DEV CTR IRON & STEEL,RANCHI 834002,BIHAR,INDIA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), NATL MET LAB,JAMSHEDPUR 831007,BIHAR,INDIA. RI Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 5 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1016/0955-2219(95)00163-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA UM575 UT WOS:A1996UM57500004 ER PT J AU Zozulya, AA Anderson, DZ Saffman, M AF Zozulya, AA Anderson, DZ Saffman, M TI Control of mutual spatial coherence of temporal features by reflexive photorefractive coupling SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIOTEMPORAL COHERENCE; LIGHT AB We analyze reflexive photorefractive coupling of an information-bearing beam carrying several distinct spatiotemporal features, with emphasis on the coupling-induced change in the mutual spatial coherence. We formulate equations describing evolution of the mutual correlation functions between different features and discuss their solutions both in the full two-dimensional case and in the Limit leading to a one-dimensional description of the reflexive coupling geometry. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RISO NATL LAB,DEPT OPT & FLUID DYNAM,DK-4000 RISKILDE,DENMARK. RP Zozulya, AA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,CAMPUS BOX 440,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Saffman, Mark/A-8120-2009 OI Saffman, Mark/0000-0001-6398-2097 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000041 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP060 UT WOS:A1996TP06000005 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Clark, CW AF Edwards, M Clark, CW TI Population trapping in short-pulse multiphoton ionization SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER FIELDS; STATES; HYDROGEN; ATOM AB We have studied population trapping In a one-dimensional model atom interacting with a short-pulse high-intensity laser, using Floquet analysis and direct numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a range of peak pulse intensities. We fmd that photoelectrons are efficiently produced only by pulses whose peak intensities lie in a narrow range around the resonant intensity for a given intermediate state. Excited-state populations, however, are generated with comparable efficiencies for all pulses whose peak intensities exceed the resonant intensity. This implies that, for a realistic laser pulse with an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of intensity, excited atoms are generated throughout a larger volume than are photoelectrons. Interpretations of recent experiments are reexamined in light of this result. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000101 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP060 UT WOS:A1996TP06000013 ER PT J AU Becker, DA Lindstrom, RM Langland, JK Greenberg, RR AF Becker, DA Lindstrom, RM Langland, JK Greenberg, RR TI The new NIST rapid pneumatic tube system SO JOURNAL OF TRACE AND MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Short-Time Activation Analysis, High-Rate Gamma Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Techniques CY APR 03-07, 1995 CL OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIV, ATOMINST, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Soc Environmentalchem & Radiochem, IAEA, Osterreichischen Univm Atominst HO OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIV, ATOMINST DE neutron activation analysis; neutron irradiation; pneumatic tube terminal; epithermal irradiation; nuclear reactor; rapid activation analysis; short half-life radio-isotopes AB The Nuclear Methods Group of NIST is developing a new rapid pneumatic tube irradiation system to be inserted into our 20 MW nuclear reactor. The terminal will be inserted into an existing horizontal pneumatic tube location, the only one of five pneumatic tubes which has not been operational since the reactor upgrade from 10 to 20 MW ten years ago. This new terminal will contain two irradiation locations, one at the tip in a void area between several fuel elements for epithermal fluence optimization, the second in a D2O tank midway in the terminal to optimize the thermal fluence. Estimated neutron fluence rates (in n . cm(-2)s(-1)) are 9E13 thermal/3E13 epithermal for the tip irradiation location, and 3E13 thermal/5E12(or less) epithermal for the irradiation location inside the D2O tank. Both locations will be served by the same night lines and a computer controlled send/receive system, with a 50 sample auto-loader. This irradiation facility is expected to make radioactivation products with halflives of 1 second to a few minutes available for accurate INAA. However, difficulties occurring late in the construction required modification and installation of a temporary in-core terminal with just the thermal neutron irradiation location. Additional effort will be made to produce and install the complete two-location terminal in the future. This modification will not adversely affect the design speed of the new facility. RP Becker, DA (reprint author), NIST,NUCL METHODS GRP,DIV ANALYT CHEM,CSTL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0733-4680 J9 J TRACE MICROPROBE T JI J. Trace Microprobe Tech. PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TW353 UT WOS:A1996TW35300002 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Ammerlaan, MJJ Then, SS AF Lindstrom, RM Ammerlaan, MJJ Then, SS TI Loss-free counting at IRI and NIST SO JOURNAL OF TRACE AND MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Short-Time Activation Analysis, High-Rate Gamma Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Techniques CY APR 03-07, 1995 CL OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIV, ATOMINST, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Soc Environmentalchem & Radiochem, IAEA, Osterreichischen Univm Atominst HO OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIV, ATOMINST DE accuracy; high-rate gamma spectrometry; loss-free counting ID NUCLEAR PULSE SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS; TIME AB Loss-free counting has been successfully implemented for neutron activation analysis with short-lived nuclides at the Interfaculty Reactor Institute (IRI) and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In the system built at IRI, the LFC is integrated through a buffer module to a Unix workstation; the NIST system uses standard Canberra equipment and VMS software. Procedures are described for the calibration and validation of LFC in these two environments, with emphasis on accuracy and on control of the quality of the measurements. C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,INST INTERFAC REACTOR,MEKELWEG 15,2629 JB DELFT,NETHERLANDS. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0733-4680 J9 J TRACE MICROPROBE T JI J. Trace Microprobe Tech. PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TW353 UT WOS:A1996TW35300009 ER PT J AU Diebold, AC Kump, MR Kopanski, JJ Seiler, DG AF Diebold, AC Kump, MR Kopanski, JJ Seiler, DG TI Characterization of two-dimensional dopant profiles: Status and review SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Measurement and Characterization of Ultra-Shallow Doping Profiles in Semiconductors CY MAR 20-22, 1995 CL MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Intel, MCNC, Ctr Microelectr, NIST, Off Microelectr Programs, SEMATECH HO MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR AB The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors calls for development of two- and three-dimensional dopant profiling methods for calibration of technology computer-aided design process simulators. We have previously reviewed 2D dopant profiling methods. In this article, we briefly review methods used to characterize etched transistor cross sections by expanding our previous discussion of scanned probe microscopy methods. We also mention the need to participate in our ongoing comparison of analysis results for test structures that we have provided the community. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Diebold, AC (reprint author), SEMATECH,AUSTIN,TX 78741, USA. NR 28 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1116/1.589028 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA TV710 UT WOS:A1996TV71000035 ER PT J AU Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR AF Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR TI Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements and modeling: Progress towards dopant profiling of silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Measurement and Characterization of Ultra-Shallow Doping Profiles in Semiconductors CY MAR 20-22, 1995 CL MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Intel, MCNC, Ctr Microelectr, NIST, Off Microelectr Programs, SEMATECH HO MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR ID SCALE AB A Scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) has been implemented by interfacing a commercial contact-mode atomic force microscope with a high-sensitivity capacitance sensor. The SCM has promise as a next-generation dopant-profiling technique because the measurement is inherently two dimensional, has a potential spatial resolution limited by tip diameter of at least 20 nm, and requires no current carrying metal-semiconductor contact. Differential capacitance images have been made with the SCM of a variety of bulk-doped samples and in the vicinity of pn junctions and homojunctions. Also, a computer code has been written that can numerically solve Poisson's equation for a model SCM geometry by using the method of collocation of Gaussian points. Measured data and model output for similar structures are presented. How data and model output can be combined to achieve an experimental determination of dopant profile is discussed. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1116/1.588455 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA TV710 UT WOS:A1996TV71000042 ER PT J AU Neubauer, G Erickson, A Williams, CC Kopanski, JJ Rodgers, M Adderton, D AF Neubauer, G Erickson, A Williams, CC Kopanski, JJ Rodgers, M Adderton, D TI Two-dimensional scanning capacitance microscopy measurements of cross-sectioned very large scale integration test structures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Measurement and Characterization of Ultra-Shallow Doping Profiles in Semiconductors CY MAR 20-22, 1995 CL MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Intel, MCNC, Ctr Microelectr, NIST, Off Microelectr Programs, SEMATECH HO MCNC, CTR MICROELECTR ID 2-DIMENSIONAL DOPING PROFILES; PN-JUNCTION DELINEATION; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; OXIDATION; SURFACE AB Scanning probe technology, with its inherent two-dimensionality, offers unique capabilities for the measurement of electrical properties on a nanoscale. We have developed a setup which uses scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) to obtain electrical information of cross-sectioned samples while simultaneously acquiring conventional topographical atomic force microscopy (AFM) data. In an extension of our work on very large scale integration cross sections, we have now obtained one-dimensional and two-dimensional SCM data of cross sections of blanket-implanted, annealed Si wafers as well as special test structures on Si. We find excellent agreement of total implant depth obtained from SCM signals of these cross-sectioned samples with conventional secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles of the same samples. Although no modeling for a direct correlation between signal output and absolute concentration has yet been attempted, we have inferred quantitative dopant concentrations from correlation to SIMS depth profiles obtained on the same sample. By these means of indirect modeling, we have found that our SCM technique is sensitive to carrier density concentrations varying over several orders of magnitude, i.e., <1x10(15) to 1x10(20) atoms/cm(-3), with a lateral resolution of 20-150 nm, depending on tip and dopant level. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT PHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84105. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93103. RP Neubauer, G (reprint author), INTEL CORP,DEPT MAT TECHNOL,SANTA CLARA,CA 95052, USA. NR 40 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1116/1.588487 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA TV710 UT WOS:A1996TV71000072 ER PT B AU Carpenter, JA AF Carpenter, JA BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Review of the state-of-the-art of measurements for and the phenomena of anomalously low thermal conductivities of dielectric thin films SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE thermal; thermal conductivity; thermal measurements; coatings; dielectric coatings; thin films; dielectric thin film C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 445 EP 464 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00045 ER PT B AU Jones, RD Obarski, GE Livigni, DJ Laabs, H AF Jones, RD Obarski, GE Livigni, DJ Laabs, H BE Morin, M Giesen, A TI Surface-emitting laser diode beam characterization SO LBOC - THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Natl Opt Inst, Canadian Assoc Physicists, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Laser Inst Amer, Lasers & Electr Opt Manufacturers Assoc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Jones, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECT,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2267-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2870 BP 380 EP 380 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG93X UT WOS:A1996BG93X00043 ER PT J AU McCormick, MJ Fahnenstiel, GL Lohrenz, SE Redalje, DG AF McCormick, MJ Fahnenstiel, GL Lohrenz, SE Redalje, DG TI Calculation of cell-specific growth rates: A clarification SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRACK AUTORADIOGRAPHY; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; CARBON; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC AB Cell-specific growth and cell-specific production estimates of phytoplankton have been calculated in the past by a simple exponential model (constant uptake-division) that describes the time rate change of carbon, C*, and assumes both continuous division and continuous uptake. We propose three new models (variable uptake-division, variable uptake-constant division, and diurnal) for making more accurate estimates of the algal growth rate, mu. The variable uptake-division model is the most complex and requires species-specific information on the division pattern. The diurnal model can provide accurate mu estimates while requiring only two measurements of C* and no other parameters, but it requires 48-h incubation times. The variable uptake division and variable uptake-constant division models require additional work compared to the constant uptake-division model, but the effort mis warranted because they also provide a direct approach for quantifying the dependence of mu on the photoperiod and thus enable greater confidence in applying mu to ecological studies, in which the light climate may differ from that of the experiment. C1 NOAA,LAKE MICHIGAN FIELD STN,MUSKEGON,MI 49441. UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP McCormick, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA UC907 UT WOS:A1996UC90700018 ER PT B AU Baker, J AF Baker, J BE Grossblatt, N TI National forum on science and technology goals SO LINKING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO SOCIETY'S ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS SE NATIONAL FORUM ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Forum on Science and Technology Goals - Environment CY AUG 21-24, 1995 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Natl Res Council, Carnegie Corp New York HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR RP Baker, J (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05578-4 J9 NAT F SCI TECH GOAL PY 1996 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH03Z UT WOS:A1996BH03Z00018 ER PT J AU Han, CC AF Han, CC TI Phase separation of polymer blends under shear field SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th SPSC International Polymer Conference on Challenges in Polymer Science and Technology CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 1994 CL SENRI LIFE SCI CTR, SENRI, JAPAN SP Soc Polym Sci, Japan HO SENRI LIFE SCI CTR ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CRITICAL FLUIDS; FLOW; CROSSOVER; MIXTURE; BEHAVIOR; FLUCTUATIONS; POLYSTYRENE AB The effect of shear flow on phase separation in critical polymer blends has been studied. For a low-molecular-weight blend, the response is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Onuki and Kawasaki. The breakup of large-scale critical fluctuations by the flow leads to a drop in the temperature T-c at which phase separation begins. For a high-molecular-weight blend, the data suggest that the mode-coupling contribution to the decay rate of composition fluctuations is significant in both the miscible and immiscible phases. However, the lack of change of structure factor in the vorticity direction implies that there is no apparent shear induced shift in T-c. RP Han, CC (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4 FX#001-41-61-317-94-11, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 101 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1002/masy.19961010119 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TP172 UT WOS:A1996TP17200018 ER PT J AU Kholodenko, AL Douglas, JF Vilgis, TA AF Kholodenko, AL Douglas, JF Vilgis, TA TI Electrostatic rigidity of polyelectrolytes from reparametrization invariance SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article ID CURVATURE-DEPENDENT ACTION; SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS; PERSISTENCE LENGTH; DIRAC PROPAGATOR; RELATIVISTIC PARTICLE; MODEL; PATHS; TORSION AB The persistence length l(p) of a polyelectrolyte chain can be represented as l(p) = l(0) + l(e) where l(0) is the bare persistence and l(e) is the electrostatic contribution coming from the effects of electrostatic chain self-interactions. Using a reparametrization-invariant path integral model of semiflexible polymers we find that I-e depends on the ionic strength I as l(e) similar to I--1/2. This result accords with experimental observations and recent Monte Carlo simulations. Reparametrization-invariance is apparently an essential constraint in selecting acceptable models of semiflexible polymers. C1 MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER FORSCH,D-55021 MAINZ,GERMANY. CLEMSON UNIV,HOWARD L HUNTER CHEM LAB 375,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Vilgis, Thomas/J-1115-2014; MPIP, Theory/I-9884-2014 OI Vilgis, Thomas/0000-0003-2101-7410; NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4 FX#001-41-61-317-94-11, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 5 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1002/mats.1996.040050109 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TP174 UT WOS:A1996TP17400009 ER PT J AU Tanaka, M Kawai, S Seikai, T Burke, JS AF Tanaka, M Kawai, S Seikai, T Burke, JS TI Development of the digestive organ system in Japanese flounder in relation to metamorphosis and settlement SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; digestive system; Japanese flounder; metamorphosis; settlement ID PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; THYROID-HORMONE; HIRADO-ISLAND; SHIJIKI BAY; LARVAE; JUVENILES AB During metamorphosis and settlement the digestive system of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exhibits various morphological features that include: differentiation and development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca coupled with partial degradation of the pancreas; involution of the liver; inflation of the gall bladder, and shortening of gut epithelium height. Pepsin-like enzyme activity increases markedly as metamorphosis proceeds, while trypsin-like enzyme and amylase activities drop significantly. High percentage of newly settled wild flounder at the climax phase of metamorphosis have empty stomachs, indicating that feeding ceases while the gut is undergoing reorganization. These findings suggest that the morphological and functional changes of the digestive system that occur during metamorphosis of Japanese flounder relate to the drastic diet shift at settlement from zooplanktonic to benthic prey. C1 KOBE WOMENS COLL PHARM,FAC HUMAN SCI,NISHINOMIYA,HYOGO 662,JAPAN. KYOTO UNIV,FAC AGR,FISHERY STN,MAIZURU,KYOTO 625,JAPAN. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP Tanaka, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT FISHERIES,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0091-181X J9 MAR FRESHW BEHAV PHY JI Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP & PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WG806 UT WOS:A1996WG80600003 ER PT J AU Dagg, MJ Govoni, JJ AF Dagg, MJ Govoni, JJ TI Is ichthyoplankton predation an important source of copepod mortality in subtropical coastal waters? SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Larval Fish Conference CY 1995 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Early Life Hist Sect, Austr Soc Fish Biol ID LARVAL LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHERN GULF; FISH LARVAE; MARINE FISH; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; ZOOPLANKTON AB The significance of ichthyoplankton-induced mortality to copepods was examined at three localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico: in the winter at a site of an exceptionally high concentration of larval spot, Leiostomus xanthurus; in the winter at a highly productive region near the Mississippi River delta; and in the summer in a highly eutrophic estuary dominated by larval bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli. In each region, ichthyoplankton ingestion of copepod eggs, nauplii and copepodids was compared with production rates and stocks of the dominant copepod species in the same waters. In all cases, predation from the dominant larval species and from the total ichthyoplankton assemblage was much less than prey production. It is concluded that ichthyoplankton predation in these regions rarely has any significant effect on copepod population dynamics, and therefore larval competition for food is unlikely to contribute to density-dependent mortality. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES CTR,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP Dagg, MJ (reprint author), LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM,8124 HIGHWAY 56,CHAUVIN,LA 70344, USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1071/MF9960137 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA VD749 UT WOS:A1996VD74900005 ER PT J AU Grimes, CB Kingsford, MJ AF Grimes, CB Kingsford, MJ TI How do riverine plumes of different sizes influence fish larvae: Do they enhance recruitment? SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Larval Fish Conference CY 1995 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Early Life Hist Sect, Austr Soc Fish Biol ID SHELF-SLOPE FRONT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PEAK DISCHARGE; AMAZON RIVER; RHONE RIVER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COASTAL WATERS; MIXED ESTUARY AB A review of the literature suggests that river discharge plumes strongly influence fish larvae and may play a significant role in the recruitment of local fishes. Some rivers drain large land masses to discharge shallow, turbid and nutrient-rich plumes that interact with ocean currents as well as with local oceanography and meteorology; these plumes may extend hundreds of kilometres offshore and alongshore. The frontal, or mixing, zone between plume and ocean waters is characterized by strong physical and biological processes. Physical dynamics, e.g. hydrodynamic convergence, and abundant nutrients (both river derived and upwelled) in the vicinity of discharge plumes often generate large stocks of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish larvae, as well as high rates of primary and secondary production. Physical dynamics not only act to accumulate (and probably retain) biomass in frontal waters, but also transport organisms onshore, offshore and along the frontal boundary. The mechanisms through which river plumes may influence recruitment are not clear. In considering the potential effects of scale of river discharge on recruitment, three alternative hypotheses are discussed. The short-food-chain hypothesis states that recruitment will be enhanced in the vicinity of river plumes because fish larvae experience superior feeding conditions, grow faster and thus experience a shorter stage duration and survive better. The total-larval-production hypothesis is that trophic conditions support such high total production of fish larvae that specific dynamics of growth and mortality are not relevant. The third hypothesis is that plumes facilitate the retention of fish larvae within a limited area, and it is the physical retention rather than production that explains the variation in recruitment. If one or a combination of these hypotheses explains the influence of river plumes on recruitment, then the greatest potential to affect fish recruitment may be possessed by large mid-latitude rivers carrying high suspended-sediment and nutrient loads that discharge into shelf waters to create well defined plumes where primary and secondary production are high. C1 UNIV SYDNEY,SCH BIOL SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,3500 DELWOOD BEACH RD,PANAMA CITY,FL 32408, USA. RI Kingsford, Michael/C-2015-2008 NR 109 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 21 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1071/MF9960191 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA VD749 UT WOS:A1996VD74900011 ER PT J AU Miskiewicz, AG Juanes, F Hare, JA AF Miskiewicz, AG Juanes, F Hare, JA TI ILFC symposium. Early life history of Pomatomus saltatrix: Introduction SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP Miskiewicz, AG (reprint author), AWT ENSIGHT,POB 53,SYDNEY,NSW 2000,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 309 EP 309 DI 10.1071/MF9960309 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA VD749 UT WOS:A1996VD74900026 ER PT J AU Juanes, F Hare, JA Miskiewicz, AG AF Juanes, F Hare, JA Miskiewicz, AG TI Comparing early life history strategies of Pomatomus saltatrix: A global approach SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Larval Fish Conference CY 1995 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Early Life Hist Sect, Austr Soc Fish Biol ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; CAPE SOUTH COAST; NEW-YORK BIGHT; JUVENILE BLUEFISH; UNITED-STATES; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WESTERN AUSTRALIA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; LEEUWIN CURRENT; ATLANTIC COAST AB Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces: Pomatomidae) is a highly migratory, continental-shelf species with a worldwide subtropical distribution including the eastern coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, north-western Africa, the eastern coast of South America, the south-eastern coast of South Africa, and the south-eastern and south-western coasts of Australia. This paper summarizes available life history information from the different regions where P. saltatrix occurs, with a focus on the early life history. The basic physical oceanography of these regions is also reviewed to elucidate patterns in larval transport. Comparison of these populations suggests that there are commonalties: adults migrate to spawning grounds; eggs and larvae are typically advected along-shore to juvenile nursery habitats; juveniles recruit to inshore habitats at a similar size, and there they grow rapidly and are mainly piscivorous, feeding primarily on atherinids and engraulids. There are also a number of life history traits that are quite variable among populations: the number of annual reproductive peaks, the number of juvenile cohorts, adult growth patterns and reproductive parameters. Comparison of these life history patterns leads to several non-exclusive hypotheses as to the adaptive significance of variations in life history traits. The goal is to identify areas where more research is needed to assess the degree to which populations of a global species are adapted to their local environment. C1 NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. AWT ENSIGHT, W RYDE, NSW 2114, AUSTRALIA. RP UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NR 175 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 2 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1071/MF9960365 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA VD749 UT WOS:A1996VD74900035 ER PT J AU Fletcher, WJ Lo, NCH Hayes, EA Tregonning, RJ Blight, SJ AF Fletcher, WJ Lo, NCH Hayes, EA Tregonning, RJ Blight, SJ TI Use of the daily egg production method to estimate the stock size of western Australian sardines (Sardinops sagax) SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plankton; biomass; batch fecundity; spawning frequency ID PACIFIC SARDINE; NEOPILCHARDUS; PILCHARD; BIOMASS; ANCHOVY; FISH AB The daily egg production method was used to estimate the spawning biomass of the sardine Sardinops sagax in the Albany region of Western Australia. Plankton surveys covering 10000-14000 km(2) were completed in July of 1991 and 1992 in three to five days using up to three boats. Adult sardines were obtained from the local purse-seine fleet. The spawning area was similar in both years at approximately 3800 km(2) (1100 nmile(2)), but the number of eggs collected was larger in 1991 with egg production values of 6 . 5 per 0 . 05 m(2) day(-1) compared with 3 . 9 per 0 . 05 m(2) day(-1) in 1992. The average batch fecundity values were similar (approximately 11000 eggs female(-1)) as were the proportions spawning (0 . 13 in 1991; 0 . 09 in 1992). The calculated biomass estimates were 23121 t (CV = 0 . 51) and 16121 t (CV = 0 . 44) in 1991 and 1992 respectively. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NOAA, SW FISHERIES CTR, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. RP Fletcher, WJ (reprint author), WESTERN AUSTRALIA MARINE RES LABS, FISHERIES RES INST, POB 20, N BEACH, WA 6020, AUSTRALIA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 1996 VL 47 IS 6 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1071/MF9960819 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA VP333 UT WOS:A1996VP33300006 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Erdner, DL Peleato, ML Hartman, JJ Anderson, DM AF Doucette, GJ Erdner, DL Peleato, ML Hartman, JJ Anderson, DM TI Quantitative analysis of iron-stress related proteins in Thalassiosira weissflogii: Measurement of flavodoxin and ferredoxin using HPLC SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE flavodoxin; ferredoxin; HPLC; iron limitation; phytoplankton; biomarker ID PHYTOPLANKTON; DEFICIENCY; NUTRIENT; GROWTH; ALGA AB The controversy surrounding the question of whether iron limits phytoplankton production in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions of the world's oceans has stimulated research on numerous fronts, including the search for diagnostic indicators of phytoplankton iron nutritional status. Flavodoxin (Fly), an iron-independent protein capable of catalyzing many of the same reactions as the non-heme, iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin (Fd), is produced by certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in response to iron stress. Few eukaryotic marine phytoplankton species have been examined for their ability to synthesize Fly, primarily due to the lack of a suitable analytical method. In response to this need, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/photodiode array detection method was developed for the separation and identification of Fly and Fd in crude protein extracts of algal samples. The utility of this technique was then demonstrated with a study of Fly and Fd production by the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, a eukaryotic marine phytoplankton species. Fly was detected in iron-limited T. weissflogii at levels about 20-fold greater (by molecules) than in iron-replete cells. Although constitutive expression of this protein under iron-sufficient conditions was observed, actual levels were very low. By comparison, the iron-containing protein Fd was abundant in iron-replete cells but undetectable in iron-limited cells (limit of detection ca 1 pg ml(-1)). If Fly (by molecules) is expressed as a percentage of the combined pool of Fly and Fd, [Flv/(Flv + Fd)] x 100, values fall between ca 10 and 15% (n = 6) for iron-replete cells, but are consistently 100% under Fe-limiting conditions (n = 5), where Fd is below detection limits. Thus, the constitutive nature of Fly production by T. weissflogii does not preclude its possible use as a diagnostic indicator of iron stress. The HPLC method developed during this study, in conjunction with cellular level techniques (e.g. antibodies, nucleic acid probes), will permit a rapid, accurate assessment of phytoplankton iron nutritional status without the need for intrusive techniques such as bottle incubations. Additional laboratory and field studies are now needed to evaluate the applicability of Fly and Fd relative abundance as a diagnostic indicator of iron limitation in a broad range of species and natural phytoplankton communities. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, DEPT BIOL, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. UNIV ZARAGOZA, FAC CIENCIAS, DEPT BIOQUIM & BIOL MOLEC & CELULAR, E-50009 ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SEFSC, CHARLESTON LAB, POB 12607, CHARLESTON, SC 29422 USA. RI Erdner, Deana/C-4981-2008; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Erdner, Deana/0000-0002-1736-8835; NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.3354/meps130269 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA TW295 UT WOS:A1996TW29500024 ER PT J AU OConnor, TP AF OConnor, TP TI Trends in chemical concentrations in Mussels and oysters collected along the US coast from 1986 to 1993 SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MYTILUS-EDULIS; TRACE-METALS AB Results from annual collections and chemical analyses of mussels and oysters from sites located throughout the marine coast of the United States show decreasing trends, on a national scale, for chemicals whose use has been banned or has greatly decreased. Concentrations of most other chemicals are neither increasing nor decreasing. RP OConnor, TP (reprint author), NOAA,NOS,ORCA2,NATL STATUS & TRENDS PROGRAM,1305 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 29 TC 130 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(95)00011-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA TR464 UT WOS:A1996TR46400005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, EJ Hockey, B Piermarini, GJ AF Gonzalez, EJ Hockey, B Piermarini, GJ TI High pressure compaction and sintering of nano-size gamma-Al2O3 powder SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; ALUMINA AB The effects of pressure on the compaction and subsequent sintering of nanosize gamma-Al2O3 powder were studied. Pressures up to 5 GPa were used to compact the powder in a WC piston/cylinder type die and also in a diamond anvil cell. The green body compacts obtained from both methods of compaction were pressureless sintered at temperatures between 1000 degrees C to 1600 degrees C. Results demonstrated that green body density was enhanced with increased compaction pressure. For compaction pressures less than 3 GPa, microstructures containing significant porosity developed at all sintering temperatures studied and is due to the development of a highly porous or vermicular structure during the gamma to alpha phase transformation, occurring at temperatures between 1000 degrees C and 1150 degrees C. At compaction pressures greater than 3 GPa, however, the formation of the vermicular structure did not occur and near theoretical densities with grain size approximate to 150 nm were obtained. C1 NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 951 EP 967 DI 10.1080/10426919608947544 PG 17 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA VW324 UT WOS:A1996VW32400004 ER PT B AU Gann, RG AF Gann, RG BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI NIST research on less-flammable materials SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE fire; composites; building material C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,FIRE SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 351 EP 360 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00033 ER PT B AU Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Lomakin, SM AF Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Lomakin, SM BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Environmentally safe fire retardants for polymeric materials .1. Silica gel - Potassium carbonate additive. SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE char; silica gel; flammability C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT FIRE RES GRP,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 708 EP 713 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00069 ER PT B AU Ohlemiller, T Cleary, T Shields, J AF Ohlemiller, T Cleary, T Shields, J BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Effect of ignition conditions on upward flame spread on a composite material in a corner configuration SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE fire; intumescent coating; composite structures C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 734 EP 747 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00072 ER PT J AU Maruyama, B Shaw, LL Waterbury, MC Miracle, DB AF Maruyama, B Shaw, LL Waterbury, MC Miracle, DB TI Automated deformation mapping in metal matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE deformation mapping; metal matrix composites ID INTERFACE; BEHAVIOR AB A new technique, automated deformation mapping (ADM), has been developed and used to map the mechanical response of the fiber and matrix in a single-fiber SiC SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V composite. The technique employs a novel combination of fiducial gridding and computer-aided image analysis using cross-correlation for feature location. Two problems in transverse tensile loading were addressed: interface separation and matrix flow near the fiber. Fiber/matrix separation was detected at a composite stress of 200 MPa. Matrix flow was found to be consistent with finite element analysis of the component. C1 SYSTRAN CO,DAYTON,OH 45432. UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09974-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TY790 UT WOS:A1996TY79000011 ER PT S AU Thomson, R Carlsson, AE AF Thomson, R Carlsson, AE BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI Embrittlement of cracks at interfaces SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00032 ER PT S AU Dimeo, F Semancik, S Cavicchi, RE Suehle, JS Chaparala, P Tea, NH AF Dimeo, F Semancik, S Cavicchi, RE Suehle, JS Chaparala, P Tea, NH BE Desu, SB Beach, DB VanBuskirk, PC TI Mocvd of SnO2 on silicon microhotplate arrays for use in gas sensing applications SO METAL-ORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Electronic Ceramics II Symposium, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PROC MEASUREMENTS DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-318-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 415 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF13Z UT WOS:A1996BF13Z00033 ER PT S AU Biancaniello, FS Gayle, FW Suryanarayana, C Froes, FH AF Biancaniello, FS Gayle, FW Suryanarayana, C Froes, FH BE Schulz, R TI Minimization of nitride formation during mechanical alloying of Ti-Al-Nb SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-95) CY JUL 24-28, 1995 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, Laval Univ, McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Zoz GmbH, Siemens, Xerox Canada Ltee, Precitech DE mechanical alloying; ball milling; titanium aluminides; titanium-aluminum-niobium; nitride formation; nitride; oxide; X-ray diffraction ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; POWDERS AB A Ti65Al24Nb11 alloy was processed by ball milling or mechanical alloying in a high energy shaker mill using various approaches in an attempt to produce a fine grained BCC alloy. Under some conditions an amorphous phase is formed followed by a single phase FCC alloy (probably a nitride phase). Under other conditions the amorphous phase can be avoided, and up to 90% of the desired BCC phase can be retained in a nanocrystalline form. Chemical analysis of the ball-milled powders shows the formation of FCC phase to be associated with high oxygen and nitrogen content. The most important factor leading to amorphization and FCC phase formation appears to be contamination associated with periodic sampling of the alloy during ball milling even when dry, inert gas gloveboxes are used for powder transfer. C1 UNIV IDAHO,INST MAT & ADV PROC,MOSCOW,ID 83844. RP Biancaniello, FS (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Suryanarayana, C/B-9314-2008 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-738-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 225 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG37Y UT WOS:A1996BG37Y00071 ER PT S AU Steffens, KL Zachariah, MR Dufaux, DP Axelbaum, RL AF Steffens, KL Zachariah, MR Dufaux, DP Axelbaum, RL BE Bormann, R Mazzone, G Shull, RD Averback, RS Ziolo, RF TI In-situ studies of a novel sodium flame process for synthesis of fine particles SO METASTABLE PHASES AND MICROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metastable Phases and Microstructures CY NOV 27-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-303-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 400 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG08N UT WOS:A1996BG08N00012 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF AF Diaz, HF TI Precipitation monitoring for climate change detection SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL CYCLE; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC AB An important measure of the reliability of simulated precipitation fields by general circulation models will be its ability to reproduce the more important features of observed precipitation, including its spatial distribution, annual cycle characteristics, and the more salient features of its interannual variability. Some important characteristics of the large-scale variability of observed precipitation fields during the past few decades over land, and the last 15 years over ocean areas are described in this study. One such feature is an enhancement of the semiannual cycle in the tropics. A second is the strong influence of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in modulating the rainfall patterns globally. A third salient feature is the decline of precipitation over the tropics since the mid-1970s, which in turn, appears to be connected to the prevalence of warm ENSO conditions in the Pacific during that time. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1007/BF01029794 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VA226 UT WOS:A1996VA22600014 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, DP Matejka, T DuGranrut, JD AF Jorgensen, DP Matejka, T DuGranrut, JD TI Multi-beam techniques for deriving wind fields from airborne Doppler radars SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION; LINE AB Two techniques for deriving horizontal and vertical air motions using vertically scanning airborne Doppler radar data are presented and discussed. These techniques make use of the scanning ability of the NOAA P-3 tail-mounted radar antenna to view a region of space from at least two vantage points during a straight-line night track. The scanning methodology is termed the ''Fore/Aft Scanning Technique'' or FAST because the antenna is alternately scanning forward and then aft of the flight track. The major advantages of FAST over flying two quasi-orthogonal flight tracks with the antenna scanning normal to the flight track are that the data are collected in roughly half the time and the aircraft does not have to execute a right-angle turn. However, accuracy of the resulting wind field is compromised slightly because the beam intersection angle is reduced from 90 degrees to about 50 degrees. The reduction of area covered because of large drift angles is also discussed. A three-dimensional wind field can be constructed using the dual-Doppler equations from FAST data using the two radial velocity estimates and vertical integration of the continuity equation with a boundary condition of no vertical motion at cloud top and the Earth's surface. To keep errors in the calculated winds acceptably small, the elevation angles are typically restricted to +/-45 degrees from the horizontal to minimize contamination of the horizontal wind by terminal fallspeeds. A different, and perhaps more believable vertical velocity, can be derived using a second technique that utilizes two (or more) airborne Doppler radar equipped aircraft each using FAST to observe the echo-top vertical velocity at common point (e.g., two aircraft flying parallel night paths, or by using an L-shaped flight track with a single aircraft). This technique results in 4 (or more) radial velocity estimates at each point (hence is called the ''quad-Doppler'' technique). Horizontal winds can be derived using either an overdetermined three-equation solution or an overdetermined dual-Doppler solution, whichever is more accurate. For the calculation of vertical velocity a new approach is proposed that utilizes the overdetermined triple-Doppler solution for vertical particle motion near cloud top, minus an estimate of terminal fallspeed, as a top boundary condition for the downward vertical divergence integration to derive vertical air velocity elsewhere in the domain. In addition, this approach allows measurements at steep elevation angles allowing for more depth of coverage for a given range. To show the utility of the method, analyses of data collected using FAST are compared to conventional dual-Doppler-derived wind fields constructed from data collected simultaneously by S-band ground-based Doppler radars. An example of the quad-Doppler technique is also presented from the recently completed Tropical Oceans/Global Atmospheres Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA/COARE). Comparisons of quad-Doppler vertical velocity are made with in-situ derived vertical air motions collected by the NASA DC-8 to judge the quality of the approach. C1 NOAA,AIRCRAFT OPERAT CTR,TAMPA,FL 33608. RP Jorgensen, DP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,MESOSCALE RES & APPLICAT DIV,MAIL CODE N C MRD,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 104 DI 10.1007/BF01032002 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UF293 UT WOS:A1996UF29300005 ER PT J AU Krofli, RA Kelly, RD AF Krofli, RA Kelly, RD TI Meteorological research applications of MM-wave radar SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; CIRRUS CLOUD; 94 GHZ; PRECIPITATION; BACKSCATTER; ATTENUATION; RADIOMETER; SCATTERING; PARAMETERS; SIGNALS AB MM-wave radar has now been developed well beyond that of simply providing qualitative information about the presence or location of clouds. Uncertainty about cloud properties leading to gross errors in climate model results has provided the impetus to develop mm-wave radars into reliable, quantitative tools for studying clouds. Besides depicting the small-scale (a few tens of meters) features of tenuous cirrus and low level stratus clouds, the 3 mm and 8 mm wavelength radars described here can examine the physical structure, dynamics and small-scale turbulence of clouds when used alone. Polarization capability of these radars is now generating new information about the deformity of cloud particles needed for calculations of radiation budgets of clouds. When used with other sensors such as lidar or radiometers, additional cloud microphysical information can be retrieved. We discuss here two different ways to calculate ice mass content profiles from radar/lidar data and from radar/IR radiometer data. Mm-wave radar is most suited for these calculations because of complications introduced by 1) Bragg (refractivity) scatter, 2) the lower resolution, and 3) ground clutter effects at longer wavelengths. Combining radar and microwave radiometer data is shown to provide liquid water profiles in warm marine stratus clouds. The small size and weight of mm-wave radars make them particularly suitable for use on aircraft and satellite platforms and we show recent results from an airborne system to make that point. The technology has now advanced to the point where unattended, vertically-pointing, Doppler mm-wave radars will soon be commonly used in research applications. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,RADAR METEOROL & OCEANOG DIV,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF01032003 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UF293 UT WOS:A1996UF29300006 ER PT J AU Gage, KS Williams, CR Ecklund, WL AF Gage, KS Williams, CR Ecklund, WL TI Application of the 915 MHz profiler for diagnosing and classifying tropical precipitating cloud systems SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND PROFILER; CONVECTION; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC AB The NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory has developed a 915 MHz lower tropospheric wind profiler designed primarily for measuring wind in the planetary boundary layer of the tropics. In recent years the profiler has been used in many field programs worldwide. The profiler is being deployed by the Aeronomy Laboratory at several locations in the tropics to provide long-term measurements for the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program and the Global Ocean Atmosphere Land Surface (GOALS) program. In the absence of precipitating cloud systems the profiler observes winds routinely up to altitudes of 3 to 6 km in the tropics depending primarily on humidity. In the presence of precipitating cloud systems, however, the profiler height coverage is substantially increased due to the presence of hydrometeors to which the profiler is sensitive at its wavelength of 33 cm. In this paper we examine the application of the 915 MHz profiler to the diagnosis and classification of precipitating cloud systems in the tropics. Preliminary results from Christmas Island confirm that at least half of tropical rainfall is stratiform in nature being associated with mesoscale convective systems. The 915 MHz profiler provides a means for the development of a climatology of tropical precipitating cloud systems. Such a climatology is needed to specify diabatic heating rates in large-scale numerical weather prediction and climate models. It should also help develop improved rain retrieval algorithms from satellite observations. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF01032005 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UF293 UT WOS:A1996UF29300008 ER PT J AU Mangum, BW Pfeiffer, ER Strouse, GF ValenciaRodriguez, J Lin, JH Yeh, TI Marcarino, P Dematteis, R Liu, Y Zhao, Q Ince, AT Cakiroglu, F Nubbemeyer, HG Jung, HJ AF Mangum, BW Pfeiffer, ER Strouse, GF ValenciaRodriguez, J Lin, JH Yeh, TI Marcarino, P Dematteis, R Liu, Y Zhao, Q Ince, AT Cakiroglu, F Nubbemeyer, HG Jung, HJ TI Comparisons of some NIST fixed-point cells with similar cells of other standards laboratories SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB In this paper we present results of international comparisons of fixed-point cells of some of the defining fixed-point materials of the International Temperature Scale of 1990, These comparisons involved cells from seven national laboratories, although in some cases only one type of fixed-point material was compared, Except for silver cells, the agreement among cells of the same defining fixed-point material from the various laboratories was to within 1 mK. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of the comparison measurements were 12 mu K for Ga, 18 mu K for H2O, 27 mu K for Sn, 35 mu K for In, 37 mu K for Zn, 42 mu K for Al, and 55 mu K for Ag. C1 CTR NACL METROL,QUERETARO,MEXICO. IND TECHNOL RES INST,CTR MEASUREMENT STAND,HSINCHU 30042,TAIWAN. IST METROL G COLONNETTI,I-10135 TURIN,ITALY. NATL INST METROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NATL METROL INST,TR-41470 GEBZE,TURKEY. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,D-10587 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP Mangum, BW (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/3/4 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VK684 UT WOS:A1996VK68400004 ER PT J AU Sakuma, F Sakate, H Johnson, BC Gibson, C Machin, G Ricolfi, T Battuello, M Fischer, J Jung, HJ AF Sakuma, F Sakate, H Johnson, BC Gibson, C Machin, G Ricolfi, T Battuello, M Fischer, J Jung, HJ TI International comparison of radiation temperature scales among five national metrological laboratories using a transfer standard radiation thermometer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ITS-90 AB Round-robin measurements with a transfer standard radiation thermometer were organized by the NRLM in the framework of a three-year joint research agreement with the NIST, the IMGC and the PTB: the NPL also took part in this exercise. The aim of the study was to assess the mutual traceability of the ITS-90 temperature scales established by the different laboratories in the high-temperature range (above 1000 degrees C). The thermometer was a monochromatic (0,65 mu m) silicon-detector thermometer belonging to the NRLM. It was circulated in the period from May to July 1993 and was calibrated by all the participants against their local reference thermometers. The temperature interval from 1000 degrees C to 2000 degrees C was covered by all the participants, but some extended the range down to 800 degrees C or up to 2700 degrees C. The results indicate that all the calibrations agree to within 0,5 degrees C at 1000 degrees C and to within 2 degrees C at 2000 degrees C. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL PHYS LAB,NEW DELHI,INDIA. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,D-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. RP Sakuma, F (reprint author), NATL RES LAB METROL,TOKYO,TOKYO,JAPAN. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 3 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/3/6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VK684 UT WOS:A1996VK68400006 ER PT J AU Cezairliyan, A Righini, F AF Cezairliyan, A Righini, F TI Issues in high-speed pyrometry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID PULSE-HEATING METHOD; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIANCE TEMPERATURES; MELTING-POINT; NIOBIUM AB A brief summary is given of the developments in optical techniques for rapid temperature measurement during the last three decades in two national laboratories, the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the USA and the Istituto di Metrologia ''G. Colonnetti'' in Italy. Results of research conducted in originating and advancing the state-of-the-art in high-speed (millisecond- and microsecond-resolution) pyrometry for measurement of temperatures in the range 1000 K to 5000 K are discussed. The main emphasis is on several key issues related to high-speed pyrometry including: high-speed operation, calibration of pyrometers, determination of true temperature and high-temperature reference points. Anticipated future directions in research, developments and applications in high-speed pyrometry are briefly discussed. C1 CNR,IST METROL G GOLONNETTI,I-10135 TURIN,ITALY. RP Cezairliyan, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/4/3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VM245 UT WOS:A1996VM24500003 ER PT J AU Meyer, C Reilly, M AF Meyer, C Reilly, M TI Realization of the ITS-90 at the NIST in the range 0,65 K to 5,0 K using He-3 and He-4 vapour-pressure thermometry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL TEMPERATURE SCALE; 1990 ITS-90; EQUATIONS; NPL-75 AB The ITS-90 is defined in the ranges 0,65 K to 3,2 K and 1,25 K to 5,0 K by the vapour-pressure/ temperature relations of He-3 and He-4, respectively. An apparatus has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for realizing the ITS-90 below 84 K which includes cells for realizing the ITS-90 through vapour-pressure thermometry with He-3 and He-4. We present here the results of our realizations with He vapour pressures. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of the ITS-90 temperature realizations are 0,12 mK or less over 97% of the ranges of the ITS-90 definitions. In the lower 3% of each range, the uncertainties of the realizations increase to 0,14 mK for He-3 and 0,16 mK for He-4 because of the growing size of the thermomolecular pressure correction. Comparisons are made with the previous wire scale of the NIST, which is traceable to the T-X1 and NPL-75 scales. Also presented are the results from direct comparisons of He-3 and He-4 realizations between 1,25 K and 3,2 K; these show the non-uniqueness of the ITS-90 in this region to be less than 0,3 mK. RP Meyer, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/4/13 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA VM245 UT WOS:A1996VM24500013 ER PT J AU Kacker, R Zhang, NF Hagwood, C AF Kacker, R Zhang, NF Hagwood, C TI Real-time control of a measurement process SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB The conventional industrial practice to correct (recalibrate) measuring instruments according to a fixed schedule (calibration interval) may waste money when the schedule is too tight or may provide a false sense of control when the schedule is too relaxed. Also, this approach may not generate data on real-time measurement errors that are crucial to draw management's attention to measurement concerns. We propose that the measurement process be interrupted according to an economically sensible schedule to check (interim test) the real-time errors with well-characterized check standards. When the observed error with the check standard exceeds an economic control limit, the measuring instrument should be corrected; otherwise correction is not needed. The proposed approach to limit the uncertainty of a measurement process is simple, sensible and generic. More important, it saves money by limiting the loss due to measurement error and the cost of control. RP Kacker, R (reprint author), NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 5 BP 433 EP 445 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/5/2 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WD648 UT WOS:A1996WD64800002 ER PT J AU DeBievre, P Valkiers, S Peiser, HS Taylor, PDP Hansen, P AF DeBievre, P Valkiers, S Peiser, HS Taylor, PDP Hansen, P TI Mass-spectrometric methods for determining isotopic composition and molar mass traceable to the SI, exemplified by improved values for nitrogen SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT; ATOMIC-WEIGHT; N-A; METROLOGY; SAMPLE; IRON AB The isotopic composition of atomic nitrogen and its molar mass (numerically equal to its atomic weight) M(N) were re-measured using recently improved accurate gas isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. We found in one sample of pure nitrogen, M(N) = 14,0067214g . mol(-1) with a combined uncertainty u(c) = 0,0000018g . mol(-1) (an average of four partially independent values). Another sample, atmospheric nitrogen, similarly from four values, yielded M(N) = 14,0067278g . mol(-1) with u(c) = 0,0000015g . mol(-1) corresponding to an isotope substance ratio n(N-14)/n(N-15) = f(N-14)/f(N-15) = 271,87 with u(c) = 0,11. The latter is in good agreement with the currently accepted IUPAC value of 272,0 with uc = 0,3. The measurements were carried out by means of the same rigid measurement procedures and instrumentation which are used in the isotopic measurements for ongoing redeterminations of the Avogadro constant, Although the measurements were not calibrated against synthetic N-isotope mixtures, the results compare favorably, within quoted uncertainties, with those selected by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as the hitherto ''best measurements from a specific source'' and those representative of terrestrial compositions. They suggest a new standard of reliability for molar-mass determinations. They also establish the best realization so far of traceability of nitrogen isotopic measurements to the mole in the Systeme International d'Unites (SI), as well as to the Avogadro constant. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DeBievre, P (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,JOINT RES CTR,INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 5 BP 447 EP 455 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WD648 UT WOS:A1996WD64800003 ER PT J AU Hackman, C Parker, TE AF Hackman, C Parker, TE TI Noise analysis of unevenly spaced time series data SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) data are typically recorded on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. This produces an unevenly spaced time series on which it is difficult to perform an accurate two-sample variance analysis. We have investigated the effect of uneven data spacing on the computation of sigma(x) (tau) [1-2]. Evenly spaced simulated data sets were generated for noise processes ranging from white phase modulation to random walk frequency modulation. sigma(x) (tau) was then calculated for each noise type. Data were subsequently removed from each simulated data set to create two unevenly spaced sets with average intervals of 2,8 and 3,6 days. These sparse sets correspond to typical TWSTFT data patterns. sigma(x) (tau) was then calculated for each sparse data set using two different approaches. First, the missing data points were replaced by linear interpolation and sigma(x) (tau) calculated from this now full data set. The second approach ignored the fact that the data were unevenly spaced and calculated sigma(x) (tau) as if the data were equally spaced with average spacing of 2,8 or 3,6 days. The impact of uneven data spacing on the results of these two approaches is significant and is discussed. Finally, techniques are presented for correcting errors caused by uneven data spacing in simulated TWSTFT data sets, and the appropriate technique is applied co a real data set. RP Hackman, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 5 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/5/4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WD648 UT WOS:A1996WD64800004 ER PT J AU Robertson, D AF Robertson, D TI Treating absolute gravity data as a spacecraft tracking problem SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB Modern absolute gravity meters utilize laser interferometers to measure the acceleration of a retroreflector that is falling freely in a vacuum chamber. This paper describes a novel approach to processing the resulting data by employing algorithms developed for processing perturbed spacecraft orbits. These algorithms allow unprecedented accuracy, flexibility, and ease of treatment of a variety of troublesome error sources including such things as drag effects and local gravitational or electromagnetic fields. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Robertson, D (reprint author), NOAA,GEOSCI LAB,OFF OCEAN & EARTH SCI,NATL OCEAN SERV,8600 N 39TH ST,LONGMONT,CO 80503, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/33/6/4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WD649 UT WOS:A1996WD64900004 ER PT B AU Potzick, J Nunn, J AF Potzick, J Nunn, J BE Jones, SK TI International comparison of photomask linewidth standards: United States (NIST) and United Kingdom (NPL) SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE photomask; linewidth; pitch; critical dimension; accuracy; calibration; measurement standard; international comparison C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.240148 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00012 ER PT B AU Zhang, NF Postek, MT Larrabee, RD Carroll, L Keery, WJ AF Zhang, NF Postek, MT Larrabee, RD Carroll, L Keery, WJ BE Jones, SK TI A new algorithm for the measurement of pitch in metrology instruments SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE edge detection; metrology; pitch measurement; regression; scanning electron microscope; threshold level; uncertainty C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.240079 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00014 ER PT B AU Silver, R Potzick, J Scire, F Larrabee, R AF Silver, R Potzick, J Scire, F Larrabee, R BE Jones, SK TI High accuracy overlay measurements SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1117/12.240093 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00031 ER PT B AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, MT Vladar, AE BE Jones, SK TI SEM performance evaluation using the sharpness criterion SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE scanning electron microscope; SEM; standard; sharpness; resolution; performance; beam diameter C1 NIST,NANO SCALE METROL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 504 EP 514 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00047 ER PT B AU Lowney, JR Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Lowney, JR Vladar, AE Postek, MT BE Jones, SK TI High-accuracy critical-dimension metrology using a scanning electron microscope SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE critical-dimension metrology; linewidth; lithography; Monte Carlo; scanning electron microscope C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 515 EP 526 DI 10.1117/12.240108 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00048 ER PT B AU Dixson, R Sullivan, N Schneir, J McWaid, T Tsai, VW Prochazka, J Youngs, M AF Dixson, R Sullivan, N Schneir, J McWaid, T Tsai, VW Prochazka, J Youngs, M BE Jones, SK TI Measurement of a CD and sidewall angle artifact with two dimensional CD AFM metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE SPM; AFM; CD; standards; metrology C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 572 EP 588 DI 10.1117/12.240113 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00053 ER PT B AU Dixson, R Schneir, J McWaid, T Sullivan, N Tsai, VW Zaidi, SH Brueck, SRJ AF Dixson, R Schneir, J McWaid, T Sullivan, N Tsai, VW Zaidi, SH Brueck, SRJ BE Jones, SK TI Toward accurate linewidth metrology using atomic force microscopy and tip characterization SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE SPM; AFM; CD; standards; metrology; tip characterization C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 589 EP 607 DI 10.1117/12.240131 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00054 ER PT B AU Fu, J Vorburger, TV Ballard, DB AF Fu, J Vorburger, TV Ballard, DB BE Jones, SK TI The calibration of scanning electron microscope magnification standards SRM484 SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE interferometer; measurement uncertainty; Scanning Electron Microscope; SEM magnification; Standard Reference Material C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.240150 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00055 ER PT B AU Cresswell, MW Sniegowski, JJ Ghoshtagore, RN Allen, RA Linholm, LW Villarrubia, JS AF Cresswell, MW Sniegowski, JJ Ghoshtagore, RN Allen, RA Linholm, LW Villarrubia, JS BE Jones, SK TI Electrical test structures replicated in silicon-on-insulator material SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE calibration; linewidth; MEMS; metrology; microlithography; SOI; standards C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 659 EP 676 DI 10.1117/12.240117 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00060 ER PT J AU Alexander, JID Delafontaine, S Resnick, A Carter, WC AF Alexander, JID Delafontaine, S Resnick, A Carter, WC TI Stability of non-axisymmetric liquid bridges SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTIVE ROTATING DROPS; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES; CAPILLARY BRIDGES; MINIMUM VOLUME; ZERO-GRAVITY; EQUAL DISKS; MICROGRAVITY; PARTICLES; STRENGTH; SLENDER AB The stability of non-axisymmetric liquid bridges held between equidimensional coaxial disks of radius R and separated by a distance L is examined. The stability limits for lateral and axial acceleration are considered. The lateral acceleration stability limit is defined in terms of loss of stability by breaking. This limit is determined for both large and small values of the relative volume, V. The stability limit can be divided into two basic segments. One segment appears to be indistinguishable from part of the margin for the zero Bond number case. The other segment belongs to a one-parameter family of curves which, for a given Bond number and a fixed value of slenderness Lambda = L/2R, have a maximum and minimum stable relative volume. The maximum volume stability limit tends to infinity as Lambda --> 0. For any given lateral Bond number, the minimum volume stability limit is decreased and becomes indistinguishable from the zero Bond number limit when Lambda becomes sufficiently small. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Alexander, JID (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,CTR MICROGRAV & MAT RES,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA XG061 UT WOS:A1996XG06100011 ER PT B AU Marshall, JC Read, DT Gaitan, M AF Marshall, JC Read, DT Gaitan, M BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Analysis of fixed-fixed beam test structures SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE beam deflection; clamped beams; compressive strain; fixed-fixed beams; MEMS; MicroElectroMechanical Systems; test structures C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECT,ELECT & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00005 ER PT B AU Read, DT Marshall, JC AF Read, DT Marshall, JC BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Measurements of fracture strength and Young's modulus of surface-micromachined polysilicon SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE cantilever beams; elastic modulus; fracture stress; MEMS; mechanical; micro electro mechanical systems; MUMPs; resonance; tensile testing; test structures C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00006 ER PT B AU Potzick, J AF Potzick, J BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI New certified length scale for microfabrication metrology SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE length; scale; pitch; dimensional standard; microscope; stage micrometer; NIST C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 142 EP 151 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00014 ER PT B AU Allen, RA Marshall, JC AF Allen, RA Marshall, JC BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Critical dimension metrology for MEMS processes using electrical techniques SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE cross-bridge resistor test structure; ECD; electrical critical dimension; linewidth; MEMS; MicroElectroMechanical Systems; sheet resistance; VLSI processing C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECT & ELECT ENGN LAB,DIV SEMICOND ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00015 ER PT S AU Maliszewskyj, NC Udovic, TJ Nicol, JM AF Maliszewskyj, NC Udovic, TJ Nicol, JM BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Neutron vibrational spectroscopy of the H5O2+ ion and its deuterated analog in phosphotungstic acid hexahydrate SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Heteropolyacid hydrates of the general form H(3)PiM(12)O(40). nH(2)O are of interest to researchers in areas such as proton conductivity and catalysis. The water molecules in these hydrated acids reside in the interstitial volume between the large Keggin anions and can, under certain conditions, complex with the acidic protons to form stable cations such as the ''dioxonium'' ion (H5O2+). We have used incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) measurements of dodecatungstophosphoric acid hexahydrate (H3PW12O40. 6H(2)O) to obtain the vibrational density of states spectrum of H5O2+ stabilized by the PW(12)O(40)3- Keggin anions. Spectra were measure for fully hydrogenated and fully deuterated ions in order to determine the relative merit of previous assignments of the normal mode vibrations. RP Maliszewskyj, NC (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00031 ER PT S AU Geyer, RG Krupka, J AF Geyer, RG Krupka, J BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Complex permeability measurements of microwave ferrites SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00039 ER PT J AU Remond, G Gilles, C Fialin, M Rouer, O Marinenko, R Myklebust, R Newbury, D AF Remond, G Gilles, C Fialin, M Rouer, O Marinenko, R Myklebust, R Newbury, D TI Intensity measurement of wavelength dispersive X-ray emission bands: Applications to the soft X-ray region SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE line shape; satellites; instrumental distortion; valence states; self-absorption; spectral deconvolution ID ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; OXIDES AB Line shapes of atomic lines and soft X-ray emission bands are described using pseudo-Voigt profiles accounting for the presence of non-diagram features (low and high energy satellites) and instrumental distortions. Peak shape changes of soft X-ray emission bands as a function of the excitation conditions and the matrix composition are related with self-absorption phenomena. Implications of spectral deconvolution of WDS X-ray intensity measurement for quantitative analysis of complex spectra and for studying valence states are reviewed. C1 UNIV PARIS 06, PARIS, FRANCE. CRSCM, CNRS, ORLEANS, FRANCE. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP Remond, G (reprint author), BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES, DR, PCI, BP 6009, F-45060 ORLEANS, FRANCE. RI IPGP, Geosciences Marines/F-8780-2010 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 1996 SU 13 BP 61 EP 86 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VT823 UT WOS:A1996VT82300005 ER PT B AU Waltman, SB Hollberg, LW McIntosh, KA Brown, ER AF Waltman, SB Hollberg, LW McIntosh, KA Brown, ER BE Afsar, MN TI Demonstration of a phase-lockable microwave to submillimeter-wave sweeper SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The development of low-temperature-grown GaAs photomixers enables the construction of a microwave to submillimeter-wave source capable of large frequency sweeps. By utilizing semiconductor diode lasers to drive the photomixer, this source is all solid-state and compact, and has small power consumption. Frequency stabilization of the semiconductor diode lasers allows this source to be phase-locked to an external microwave reference. Two 805 nm extended-cavity-diode lasers are mixed in a low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive photomixer. The difference-frequency mixing product is radiated by a planar spiral antenna and collimated by a Si lens. This output is phase-locked to a microwave reference by downconverting it in a whisker-contacted Schottky-barrier diode harmonic mixer and using the output to offset-phase-lock one laser to the other. The photomixer output power is 300 nW at 200 GHz and 10 nW at 1.6 THz, as measured by a 4 K InSb bolometer calibrated with a methanol laser and a power meter at 526 and 812 GHz. RP Waltman, SB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00007 ER PT B AU Tachikawa, M Evenson, KM AF Tachikawa, M Evenson, KM BE Afsar, MN TI Two-laser sequential pumping of far-infrared molecular laser SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE far-infrared laser; mid-infrared laser; optical pumping; ammonia AB We have developed a technique of achieving continuous-wave far-infrared lasing in NH3 using a line-tunable mid-infrared NH3 laser which is optically pumped by a CO2 laser. In the sequential pumping, a number of far-infrared laser lines is obtainable from a single CO2 laser pump line. Continuous-wave laser action on 10 far-infrared lines of (NH3)-N-15, including 4 new ones, has been observed in the wavelength range from 60 to 400 mu m. RP Tachikawa, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00016 ER PT B AU Jones, CA Grosvenor, JH Kantor, Y AF Jones, CA Grosvenor, JH Kantor, Y BE Afsar, MN TI Permittivity measurements of low-loss dielectric materials at 60 GHz SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Fabry-Perot; low-loss; permittivity; resonator; submillimeter-wave measurements AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology is developing a Fabry-Perot resonator to measure the permittivity of materials at 60 GHz. The system is designed to operate in a semi-confocal configuration with the ability to adapt the system for high-temperature measurements. This talk will focus on design of the system, mode identification, and measurements of permittivity for three low-loss materials. RP Jones, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 263 EP 273 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00032 ER PT B AU MacDonald, ME Grossman, EN AF MacDonald, ME Grossman, EN BE Afsar, MN TI Far-infrared bandpass grid filters SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE grid filters; submillimeter-wave; far-infrared; metal-mesh filters; bandpass filters; frequency-selective surfaces AB The spectral performance of bandpass grid filters centered at terahertz frequencies is presented. The filters are composed of a periodic array of cross-shaped apertures in an evaporated metal film on a thin dielectric substrate. A commercial Fourier-transform spectrometer is used to measure spectral transmittance. Results are presented for filters using gold films of different thickness. The peak transmittance is correlated with the DC surface resistance R(s) of the film, which is probed using an insitu test structure on the fabricated filters. This is true even though the gold films all have a thickness several times the classical skin depth at the resonant frequency. Measurements of R(s) and peak transmittance at 77 K show an equivalent correlation, indicating that some of the loss is due to the finite conductivity of the gold film. The dielectric substrate causes a downward shift in the center frequency of the filter proportional to the dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate. The center frequency shifts rapidly with increasing dielectric thickness and reaches an asymptotic value reduced from the freestanding case by the square root of the mean dielectric constant. Measurements are compared to a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) model, which accurately predicts the center frequency, but does not account for losses. The performance of these filters, along with their simple fabrication, makes them useful frequency-selective elements at far-infrared wavelengths. RP MacDonald, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 377 EP 385 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00043 ER PT B AU Grossman, EN Reintsema, CD Koch, JA Berkowitz, SJ Hirahara, A Char, K AF Grossman, EN Reintsema, CD Koch, JA Berkowitz, SJ Hirahara, A Char, K BE Afsar, MN TI Far-infrared radiometers based upon high-T-c and low-T-c superconducting transition-edge thermometers SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE far-infrared; radiometers; bolometers; superconductors AB We describe two projects aimed at applying the great temperature sensitivity of superconducting thin films when biased at their critical temperature to high sensitivity radiometry in the 10 - 50 mu m wavelength region. The first is a standards-grade system for installation in the NIST Low-Background Infrared calibration facility. It employs thin-film Nb thermometers, and has an operating temperature of 9 K. This system's absorber is a large aperture Cu cone with a blackened interior, to which a thermometer chip is thermally grounded. The absorber and a thermal isolation platform are each thermally stabilized with separate active feedback loops that sense the resistance of their respective thermometers. Temperature control at the level of 1.4 nK (Alien variance over 350 sec) has been achieved with this system. Power sensitivity is presently limited by 1/f noise to approximately 10 pW (Alien variance), approximately a factor of 4 better than the current system based on Ge thermistors. The second system is intended for high-sensitivity imaging arrays, and employs YBCO films on free-standing zirconia membranes. The operating temperature is 89 K for pure YBCO devices and in the range of 70 - 85 K for Go-doped YBCO devices, depending on doping level. The best measured performance on these devices is an optical noise-equivalent power of 1.1 pW/Hz(1/2), with an associated 3-dB rolloff frequency of 130 Hz for the pure YBCO devices and 0.6 pW/Hz(1/2) and 31 Hz for the Go-doped devices. These values represent the best performance, by approximately a factor of two in NEP and an order-of-magnitude in speed, ever reported for superconducting infrared bolometers operating at liquid-nitrogen temperature. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 460 EP 468 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00053 ER PT B AU MacDonald, ME Grossman, EN AF MacDonald, ME Grossman, EN BE Afsar, MN TI Pattern and polarization measurements of integrated-circuit spiral antennas at 10 mu m wavelength SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE integrated-circuit antennas; lithographic antennas; infrared; submillimeter-wave; equiangular spiral antennas AB Radiation patterns are presented for planar equiangular spiral antennas at wavelengths of approximately 10 mu m. These antennas are fabricated using integrated-circuit processes on silicon substrates and are coupled through dielectric lenses. Patterns are presented over a full two-dimensional (elevation and azimuth) scan for orthogonal linear polarizations, and for left-circular (LCP) and right-circular (RCP) polarizations. The antennas respond preferentially to left-circularly polarized radiation, as expected for the left-handed sense of the spiral arms. Cross-polarization ratios as large as 10 dB in circular polarization are obtained, corresponding to an axial ratio of 1.2. No difference in response between horizontally and vertically polarized radiation is observed, as expected for circularly polarized antennas. Directivities as large as 14 dB in left-circular polarization have been obtained. The cross-polarized (RCP) directivity is considerably lower than the co-polarized (LCP) directivity. Measured directivities in linear polarization are approximately 8.2 dB for both polarizations. All patterns are approximately circularly symmetric about the theta=0 axis. The cross-polarization ratio and pattern symmetry strongly depend on the alignment of the antenna and detector layers during fabrication. These results definitively demonstrate that the detector response is antenna coupled, even at radiation wavelengths (lambda(0) approximate to 10 mu m, lambda(substrate) similar to 3 mu m) of the same order of magnitude as the resolution limit of the optical lithography used to define the antenna geometry. RP MacDonald, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 501 EP 512 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00057 ER PT J AU Davis, CA Grell, ED Shapiro, MA AF Davis, CA Grell, ED Shapiro, MA TI The balanced dynamical nature of a rapidly intensifying oceanic cyclone SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE; ZONALLY VARYING FLOW; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; BAROCLINIC WAVES; LIFE-CYCLE; EXPLOSIVE CYCLONES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB Aided with a numerical simulation, the authors diagnose the synoptic-scale evolution of an intense extratropical cyclone over the western Atlantic Ocean from the perspective of balanced dynamics using potential vorticity inversion techniques. The authors show that even during the period of largest growth rate, early in the life cycle, the balance equations capture much of the nondivergent wind, irrotational wind, and height tendency fields. The structure of the cyclone evolves from a maximum amplitude at the tropopause to a maximum amplitude at the surface as the system moves offshore. The vertical phase structure remains slightly upshear tilted throughout (less than one-quarter wavelength). Cyclogenesis is interpreted in terms of a baroclinic wave propagating through a varying basic state, in which surface development is rapid because of the sudden response of the wave structure to a changing environment. The mature cyclone structure strongly resembles cases of continental cyclones except that the relative contribution of condensation-produced PV anomalies dominates the contribution from the lower-boundary thermal anomalies. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO. RP Davis, CA (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,MMM DIV,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 62 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 124 IS 1 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0003:TBDNOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ588 UT WOS:A1996TQ58800001 ER PT J AU Franklin, JL Feuer, SE Kaplan, J Aberson, SD AF Franklin, JL Feuer, SE Kaplan, J Aberson, SD TI Tropical cyclone motion and surrounding flow relationships: Searching for beta gyres in omega dropwindsonde datasets SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID IDEALIZED SUBTROPICAL RIDGE; BAROTROPIC VORTEX; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; ASYMMETRIES AB In 1982, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division began a series of experiments to collect Omega dropwindsonde (ODW) observations within about 1000 km of the center of tropical cyclones. By 1992, 16 ODW datasets had been collected in 10 Atlantic basin hurricanes and tropical storms. Objective wind analyses for each dataset, at 10 levels from 100 mb to the surface, have been produced using a consistent set of analysis parameters. The objective analyses, which resolve synoptic-scale features in the storm environment with an accuracy and confidence unattainable from routine operational analyses, have been used to examine relationships between a tropical cyclone's motion and its surrounding synoptic-scale flow. Tropical cyclone motion is found to be consistent with barotropic steering of the vortex by the surrounding Bow within 3 degrees latitude (333 km) of the cyclone center. At this radius, the surrounding deep-layer-mean flow explains over 90% of the variance in vortex motion. The analyses show vorticity asymmetries that strongly resemble the beta gyres common to barotropic models, although other synoptic features in the environment make isolation of these gyres from the wind fields difficult. A reasonably strong relationship is found between the motion of the vortex (relative to its large scale surrounding flow) and the absolute vorticity gradient of the vortex environment. RP NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,ERL,HRD, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, R-E-AO1 JLF, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 124 IS 1 BP 64 EP 84 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0064:TCMASF>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ588 UT WOS:A1996TQ58800004 ER PT J AU Wood, VT Brown, RA Burgess, DW AF Wood, VT Brown, RA Burgess, DW TI Duration and movement of mesocyclones associated with southern great plains thunderstorms SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TORNADO AB Examination of 320 mesocyclones recorded by the National Severe Storms Laboratory's Doppler radars over Oklahoma and adjacent portions of Texas during 20 spring tornado seasons of 1971-90 shows that tornado-producing mesocyclones in this region typically travel farther and live longer than mesocyclones that do not produce tornadoes. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OPERAT SUPPORT FACIL,NORMAN,OK. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 124 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0097:DAMOMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ588 UT WOS:A1996TQ58800006 ER PT J AU Wyman, BL AF Wyman, BL TI A step-mountain coordinate general circulation model: Description and validation of medium-range forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADVECTION SCHEMES; SIGMA COORDINATE; ACCURACY AB The step-mountain or eta vertical coordinate has been a proposed solution for eliminating the numerical errors encountered when calculating the pressure gradient force along sloping surfaces. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the development of a global general circulation model using the eta coordinate and to verify the capabilities of the model for medium-range forecasts. First, the treatment of the polar boundary and the polar filtering are presented. To verify the polar treatment, numerical results using the shallow-water equations are presented. Second,various physical parameterizations are incorporated into the multilevel eta coordinate model. Model integrations for several January cases are presented to validate the model. The similarity of the eta coordinate formulation to the terrain-following sigma coordinate allows the model to be run using either vertical coordinate. Thus, model comparisons are performed with the eta and sigma coordinate versions of the general circulation model, keeping the same physical parameterizations. Additional comparisons are made with a sigma coordinate spectral model. As a validation of the model, 10-day integrations are made from four observed initial conditions at several horizontal resolutions. At relatively low resolution, forecast results slightly favor the spectral and sigma coordinate models. However, at higher resolution, forecast skill scores for the era coordinate model are indistinguishable from those of the sigma models. Additional results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the eta coordinate near steep topography and the potential deficiency of the eta coordinate in connection with the surface boundary layer treatment. RP PRINCETON UNIV, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, NOAA, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 124 IS 1 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0102:ASMCGC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ588 UT WOS:A1996TQ58800007 ER PT B AU Jach, T Steel, E ChenMayer, H Ullrich, J Downing, RG Thurgate, S AF Jach, T Steel, E ChenMayer, H Ullrich, J Downing, RG Thurgate, S BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI The characterization of x-ray polycapillary optics with a high-resolution x-ray optical bench SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE capillary; focusing; imaging; optics; x ray; x-ray fluorescence C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1117/12.245093 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00021 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Krueger, S Long, GG Kerch, HM Hahn, H Skandan, G AF Allen, AJ Krueger, S Long, GG Kerch, HM Hahn, H Skandan, G TI Small-angle neutron scattering studies of ceramic nanophase materials SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID POWDERS AB Undisturbed, representative microstructures in nanophase or nanostructured ceramic oxides can be non-destructively characterized using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). By using samples of sufficient size and uniformity to obtain absolutely-calibrated SANS data, and by utilizing a suitably-flexible microstructural model, quantitative parameters can be extracted for the statistically-significant grain/pore size distributions and surface-areas in a range of nanophase microstructures. It has been found that all of the observed SANS can be accounted for without including a low-density disordered phase. These issues are discussed with reference to sintering studies of nanostructured zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia, particularly an assessment of the effectiveness of vacuum-sinter-forging. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. US DOE,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,GERMANTOWN,DC 20585. TH DARMSTADT,DEPT MAT SCI,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hahn, Horst/G-9018-2011 OI Hahn, Horst/0000-0001-9901-3861 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00314-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800011 ER PT J AU Weissmuller, J Shull, RD Rixecker, G McMichael, RD Bennett, LH AF Weissmuller, J Shull, RD Rixecker, G McMichael, RD Bennett, LH TI Relating magnetic properties and microstructure in inert-gas condensed Y-Fe alloys SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID YTTRIUM-IRON ALLOYS AB Previous studies have indicated that, as a function of the overall composition, the microstructure of Y-Fe alloy samples produced by the inert-gas condensation technique evolves in the following way: the size of the crystalline grains diminishes with increasing molar fraction of Fe,x(Fe), to reach a minimum value of about 2 nm at x(Fe) = 0.3. In this composition region, Fe forms a segregation layer at the grain boundaries between the pure Y crystallites. For x(Fe) > 03, the alloys are amorphous. This suggests that for the low Fe nanocrystalline samples, the interior of the grains is paramagnetic, whereas the grain boundaries form a 3-dimensional network, similar to a foam, in which the high concentration of Fe may promote ferromagnetic ordering. We present results of a magnetization and Mossbauer spectroscopy study of the magnetic properties of this novel microstructure. The data indicate that both ordered and non-ordered states of the grain boundary segregation layers exist. This is rationalized in terms of different values of the excess of Fe at the grain boundaries. The high x(Fe) amorphous nanostructured samples are compared to literature data on melt-spun and sputtered amorphous Y-Fe. The results indicate that the tendency for clustering of Fe observed in melt-spun samples is enhanced in the nanostructured amorphous samples. C1 UNIV SAARLAND,FB WERKSTOFFWISSENSCH & FERTIGUNGSTECH,D-66041 SAARBRUCKEN,GERMANY. RP Weissmuller, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,223-B152,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Weissmuller, Jorg/C-3967-2009; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI Weissmuller, Jorg/0000-0002-8958-4414; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00309-6 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800015 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Eastman, JA Robinson, RA Lynn, JW AF Fitzsimmons, MR Eastman, JA Robinson, RA Lynn, JW TI On the possibility of a two-state magnetic structure for nanocrystalline chromium SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME AB Wide-angle neutron diffraction measurements taken at temperatures from 6 to 250 K indicate that the portion of a chromium sample with a mean grain size of 73 nm is antiferromagnetically ordered at temperatures below 100 K. The Neel temperature (about 120 +/- 10 K) for this nanocrystalline sample is suppressed considerably below that of strain-free single-crystal chromium (311 K). Similar measurements of other samples indicate that the amount of antiferromagnetic order decreases with decreasing grain size. The grain size dependence of antiferromagnetic order is discussed in the context of a two-state model consisting of antiferromagnetically ordered cores surrounded by interfaces, which are not antiferromagnetically ordered. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00298-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800016 ER PT J AU Shull, RD AF Shull, RD TI Viewpoint update: Nanocrystalline and nanophase materials SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00317-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800025 ER PT J AU Shull, RD AF Shull, RD TI Viewpoint set: ''The structure and properties of nanophase materials'' SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST,223-B152,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP U3 EP U3 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800001 ER PT S AU Zachariah, MR Shull, RD McMillin, BK Biswas, P AF Zachariah, MR Shull, RD McMillin, BK Biswas, P BE Chow, GM Gonsalves, KE TI In situ characterization and modeling of the vapor-phase formation of a magnetic nanocomposite SO NANOTECHNOLOGY: MOLECULARLY DESIGNED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanotechnology - Molecularly Designed Materials, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn Inc ID PARTICLE SYNTHESIS; SIMULATION AB Gas phase combustion synthesis offers the potential to produce bulk quantities of particles with controllable morphologies and chemistries. In this paper we demonstrate the use of an atmospheric pressure flame to produce a nanocomposite with unique magnetic properties and investigate the salient features of their formation through the application of in-situ diagnostics and modeling. Magnetically isolated nanometer sized magnetic particles can show magnetic behavior different than those found in the bulk and represent an interesting example of size dependent properties. We have investigated the application of flame processing to the synthesis of this class of materials, in which the goal has been to encapsulate a magnetic cluster within a non-magnetic host particle. A premixed methane/oxygen flame diluted with nitrogen has been used as the reacting environment in which iron carbonyl and hexamethyldisiloxane was added as the magnetic and non-magnetic precursor materials. Nanometer sized composite particles were formed, containing 5-10 nm gamma-Fe2O3 encased in a silica particle whose diameter ranged from 30-100 nm depending on loading and flame temperature and are shown to have superparamagnetic behavior. Planar laser-based imaging measurements of fluorescence and particle scattering have been obtained during flame synthesis of the iron-oxide/silica superparamagnetic nanocomposites. The results indicate that the vapor phase FeO concentration is very sensitive to the amount of precursor added, indicating a nucleation controlled growth. The FeO vapor concentration in the main nucleation zone was insensitive to the amount of silicon precursor injected, implying that nucleation of each component occurred independently from the other. Modeling of the gas phase chemistry and particle growth shows that homogeneous nucleation occurs early on in the process followed by heterogeneous condensation processes. Molecular dynamics computation have indicated that the iron oxide clusters will phase segregate and migrate toward the inside edge of the silica cluster consistent with experimental observation. C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,MS 221-B312,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3392-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 622 BP 42 EP 63 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BF18Y UT WOS:A1996BF18Y00003 ER PT S AU Lukehart, CM Milne, SB Stock, SR Shull, RD Wittig, JE AF Lukehart, CM Milne, SB Stock, SR Shull, RD Wittig, JE BE Chow, GM Gonsalves, KE TI Nanocomposites containing nanoclusters of selected first-row transition metal phosphides SO NANOTECHNOLOGY: MOLECULARLY DESIGNED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanotechnology - Molecularly Designed Materials, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn Inc ID COMPLEXES AB Addition of the metal phosphine complexes, Fe(CO)(4)L, Ca-2(CO)(6)L'(2), NiL'4, or trans-NiL'Cl-2(2), where L = PPh(2)(CH2)(2)Si(OMe)(3) and L' = PPh(2)(CH2)(2)Si(OEt)(3), to conventional silica sol-gel formulations gives apparent covalent incorporation of these complexes into the resulting silica xerogel matrix. Subsequent thermal treatment under a reducing atmosphere affords nanocomposite materials containing crystalline nanoclusters of Fe2P, Co2P, or Ni2P, respectively, highly dispersed throughout the xerogel matrix. These results indicate that metal phosphine complexes can serve as single-source molecular precursors for nanoparticulate metal phosphide formation. The synthesis and characterization of these nanocomposites is described. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MAT SCI & ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT APPL & ENGN SCI,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. RP Lukehart, CM (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOX 1583,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3392-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 622 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BF18Y UT WOS:A1996BF18Y00013 ER PT B AU Murphy, K Legowik, S AF Murphy, K Legowik, S BE Speigle, SA TI GPS aided retrotraverse for unmanned ground vehicles SO NAVIGATION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNMANNED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Navigation and Control Technologies for Unmanned Systems CY APR 08-09, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Assoc Unmanned Vehicle Syst Int DE dead reckoning; GPS; inertial navigation; Kalman filter; LADAR; obstacle avoidance; pure pursuit; retrotraverse; speed control; UGV C1 NIST,INTELLIGENT SYST DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2119-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2738 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.241076 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87R UT WOS:A1996BF87R00013 ER PT S AU Rush, JJ AF Rush, JJ BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI The NIST NBSR and cold neutron research facility SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE RP Rush, JJ (reprint author), NIST,INST MAT SCI & ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00004 ER PT S AU Krueger, S Koenig, BW Orts, WJ Berk, NF Majkrzak, CF Gawrisch, K AF Krueger, S Koenig, BW Orts, WJ Berk, NF Majkrzak, CF Gawrisch, K BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Neutron reflectivity studies of single lipid bilayers supported on planar substrates SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Neutron reflectivity was used to probe the structure of single phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers adsorbed onto a planar silicon surface in an aqueous environment. Fluctuations in the neutron scattering length density profiles perpendicular to the silicon/water interface were determined for different lipids as a function of the hydrocarbon chain length. The lipids were studied in-both the gel and liquid crystalline phases by monitoring changes in the specularly-reflected neutron intensity as a function of temperature. Contrast variation of the neutron scattering length density was applied to both the lipid and the solvent. Scattering length density profiles were determined using both model-independent and model-dependent fitting methods. During the reflectivity measurements, a novel experimental set-up was implemented to decrease the incoherent background scattering due to the solvent. Thus, the reflectivity was measured to Q similar to 0.3 Angstrom(-1), covering up to seven orders of magnitude in reflected intensity, for PC bilayers in D2O and silicon-matched (38% D2O/62% H2O) water. The kinetics of lipid adsorption at the silicon/water interface were also explored by observing changes in the reflectivity at low Q values under silicon-matched water conditions. RP Krueger, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Koenig, Bernd/B-4315-2008 OI Koenig, Bernd/0000-0002-5300-6276 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00019 PM 9031513 ER PT B AU Ricker, RE Bertocci, U AF Ricker, RE Bertocci, U BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI A review of electrochemical noise and its application to the study of stress corrosion cracking SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; ALPHA-BRASS; GENERATION; RESISTANCE; IMPEDANCE AB Fluctuations in electrode potential or current in an electrochemical cell are referred to as electrochemical noise. Techniques for the detection, measurement, and analysis of electrochemical noise are developing rapidly and these measurements are proving effective for distinguishing between corrosion mechanisms and estimating corrosion rates. This paper reviews the sources of noise in electrochemical cells, techniques for measuring electrochemical noise, analysis techniques and the results of the application of electrochemical measurement and analysis techniques to the study of stress corrosion cracking. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800015 ER PT J AU Byun, DW AF Byun, DW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Effects of vertical resolution of a regional photochemical model on the diurnal ozone concentrations in the planetary boundary layer SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00047 ER PT B AU Roselle, SJ Hanna, AF Lu, Y Jang, JCC Schere, KL Pleim, JE AF Roselle, SJ Hanna, AF Lu, Y Jang, JCC Schere, KL Pleim, JE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Refined photolysis rates for advanced air quality modeling systems SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00049 ER PT J AU Zelenka, MP AF Zelenka, MP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Meteorological factors affecting ambient concentrations of acid aerosols SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELLING DIV,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00068 ER PT J AU Eder, BK LeDuc, SK Vestal, FD AF Eder, BK LeDuc, SK Vestal, FD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Aggregation of selected RADM simulations to estimate annual ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00088 ER PT B AU Selvam, RP Rao, KS AF Selvam, RP Rao, KS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WINDFCT: A mass consistent wind field model for complex terrain SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,ARL,ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI selvam, Rathinam/H-7849-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00090 ER PT J AU Banta, RM AF Banta, RM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Relationship between nocturnal flows and the transport of atmospheric pollutants in complex terrain SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 450 EP 454 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00103 ER PT J AU Godowitch, JM AF Godowitch, JM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Investigation of photochemical modeling of point source pollutants with Eulerian grid and Lagrangian plume approaches SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00110 ER PT B AU Ching, J Pleim, J AF Ching, J Pleim, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Study of gridded mixing heights and cloud fields derived from the meteorological model with four dimensional data assimilation SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 508 EP 511 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00116 ER PT J AU Lee, RF Irwin, JS AF Lee, RF Irwin, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Improving concentration measures used for evaluating air quality models SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 520 EP 523 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00119 ER PT J AU Crescenti, GH AF Crescenti, GH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Development of quality assurance and quality control guidance for ground-based remote sensors for use in regulatory monitoring SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00126 ER PT B AU Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS AF Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Modeling fine particulate mass and visibility using the EPA Regional Particulate Model. SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00129 ER PT J AU Atkinson, DG Touma, JS Bailey, DT Irwin, JS AF Atkinson, DG Touma, JS Bailey, DT Irwin, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Improvements to the EPA Industrial Source Complex (ISC) dispersion model SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00135 ER PT J AU Schwede, DB Paumier, JO AF Schwede, DB Paumier, JO GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sensitivity of the Industrial Source Complex model to input parameters SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 596 EP 600 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00136 ER PT S AU Prask, HJ Brand, PC AF Prask, HJ Brand, PC BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Neutron diffraction residual stress measurement at NIST SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE materials; NDE; neutron diffraction; residual stress; weldments; reference sample; depth profiling; triaxial stress distributions; neutron instrumentation AB A neutron diffraction residual stress measurement program has been in place for several years at the National institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). in this paper recent progress made within the scope of that program in two areas is described: 1) the application of the neutron technique to engineering-related problems, i.e. the fabrication and characterization of a steel ring/plug residual stress reference specimen, and determination of stresses around a v-notch weld; 2) the design features of a new-semi-dedicated-stress measurement neutron diffractometer. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Prask, HJ (reprint author), NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, MSEL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 155 EP 161 PN 1 & 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00021 ER PT S AU Fortunko, CM Boltz, ES AF Fortunko, CM Boltz, ES BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Comparison of absolute sensitivity limits of various ultrasonic and vibration transducers SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE ultrasonics; sensors; sensitivity; acoustic emission; transducers AB In this paper, we compare the calculated and measured sensitivities of wide-band, ultrasonic transducers and conclude that optical interferometers, air-coupled capacitive transducers, and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) cannot meet the sensitivity requirements of wide-band AE studies in metals. Furthermore, we find that a new, conical, piezoelectric transducer, based on a refinement of the NIST secondary-standard transducer, appears to have sufficient sensitivity for such applications. In particular, this new transducer is found to exhibit absolute sensitivity that approaches the ''thermal rattle'' limit in aluminum within 10 dB in the 250 kHz to 1 MHz region. Also, we show that the new transducer's noise floor is below the noise floors of optical interferometers, air-coupled capacitive transducers and EMATs. RP Fortunko, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MAT RELIABIL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 471 EP 478 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00064 ER PT S AU Prask, HJ AF Prask, HJ BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Materials characterization with cold neutrons SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE materials; cold neutrons; NDE; neutron scattering; small-angle neutron scattering; neutron reflectometry; neutron depth-profiling; prompt-gamma activation analysis AB Thermal and cold neutron probes provide researchers in such fields as materials science, physics, chemistry, and biology information that often can be obtained by no other means. The main focus of this paper will be on selected, recent studies at NIST which illustrate how cold neutrons are utilized for materials research. RP Prask, HJ (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 711 EP 718 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00095 ER PT B AU Fitting, DW Dube, WP Siewert, TA Strabel, G Brinegar, J AF Fitting, DW Dube, WP Siewert, TA Strabel, G Brinegar, J BE Bossi, R Moran, T TI Transmission x-ray diffraction for real-time sensing of the solidification of a casting SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation for Process Control in Manufacturing CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE casting; directional solidification; sensor; single-crystal; solidification; turbine blade; x-ray diffraction; XRD AB A transmission x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been developed which may be used, in real time, to locate the molten metal-solidifying metal interface in single-crystal castings. We proved feasibility of the sensor on samples of aluminum and copper in a gradient furnace, and found that the liquid-solid boundary could easily be identified even though the samples were surrounded by a mold wall and encased in a furnace. Subsequently, we have successfully attached the XRD sensor to a small industrial turbine blade casting furnace. The liquid-solid interface can be identified and followed, in real-time during the single-crystal casting process. The high energy x-rays (up to 320 keV) permit in-furnace transmission XRD to be performed on a 6 mm thick nickel alloy specimen. The diffraction pattern was clearly seen, even though the entrance x-ray and diffraction paths through the furnace included 20 mm of Pyrex (furnace ports), 3.2 mm of molybdenum ( furnace windings), 9 mm of aluminum oxide (hot zone heater coil support), and 12.8 mm of mold material (refractory oxides). The x-ray source to imager distance was 1180 mm. An analytical model for transmission XRD has been developed. It is useful for assessing the feasibility of particular sensing applications. RP Fitting, DW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Dube, William/I-1658-2013 OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2352-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2948 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.259194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG84R UT WOS:A1996BG84R00017 ER PT B AU Schaps, S Alers, G Kahn, A Phillips, L AF Schaps, S Alers, G Kahn, A Phillips, L BE Bossi, R Moran, T TI Noncontact measurement of the exit temperature of sheet metal in an operating rolling mill SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation for Process Control in Manufacturing CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE aluminum; eddy; resistivity; temperature (hot) AB In order to monitor the temperature at the exit end of a hot rolling mill, the Aluminum Association and NIST entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to use the sheet itself as the basic element of a resistance thermometer. The non-contacting requirement can be satisfied by using eddy current techniques, and the temperature can be deduced from the basic relationship between electrical resistivity and temperature. To convert the measured resistivity to temperature, the temperature dependence of the resistivity of pure aluminum is obtained from laboratory calibration measurements and a temperature independent contribution characteristic of the alloy being produced. The latter is determined from the nominal alloy composition or by making a direct measurement of the resistivity and the temperature at an upstream location when the particular alloy being processed is temporarily held stationary for a contact thermocouple measurement of its temperature. The results of on-line measurements with the eddy current noncontacting thermometer in an operating rolling mill are discussed. These measurements consist of data taken from an entry eddy probe, a contact thermometer, a precise resistivity meter, an exit eddy probe, and a thickness gauge. The entry eddy probe was designed, built, and calibrated by The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). RP Schaps, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2352-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2948 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.259197 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG84R UT WOS:A1996BG84R00020 ER PT B AU Schaps, SR Clark, AV Alers, R AF Schaps, SR Clark, AV Alers, R BE Bossi, R Moran, T TI Production line NDE of welds in air-bag inflators SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation for Process Control in Manufacturing CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE acoustic; air-bag; echo; EMAT; inspection; noncontact; production; shear; ultrasonic; welds AB NIST, in joint venture with a manufacturer of automotive air-bags, investigated and developed a system using EMATs to test all production parts and to reject weak welds in them without slowing the production line. After qualification tests were completed, the transducers and associated instrumentation were packaged for operation under mass production conditions in a factory environment by a commercial supplier of EMAT systems. This system was designed to inspect parts immediately after the weld stage while they may still be hot from the welding process. RP Schaps, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2352-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2948 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.259200 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG84R UT WOS:A1996BG84R00022 ER PT B AU Clark, AV Lozev, MG Fuchs, PA AF Clark, AV Lozev, MG Fuchs, PA BE Chase, SB TI Bridge safety evaluation using ultrasonic stress measurement SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BRIDGES AND HIGHWAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges and Highways CY DEC 04-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE bridges; stress; ultrasonics AB Fracture mechanics can be used to evaluate the consequence of having a crack in a bridge structure. To do so requires that the stress state near the crack be known including the contribution of residual and fabrication stresses. In general these must be measured. Stress causes a small but measurable change in the speed of sound in many materials. Hence measurement of velocity in a bridge provides a means to determine all the components of stress. This concept has been demonstrated in laboratory situations by various researchers. Here we report results from field tests on actual bridges. The stress in flange and web regions of two bridges was measured with ultrasonics. In the first bridge we determined the residual stress in the girders. The second bridge was an integral backwall bridge with no expansion joints. It had been instrumented at time of construction. Strain gage readings indicated compressive stresses near yield. Ultrasonic measurements showed the bridge to be safe. Subsequent replacement of suspect electronics in the monitoring instrumentation verified the ultrasonic results. RP Clark, AV (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2350-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2946 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.259153 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG84P UT WOS:A1996BG84P00007 ER PT B AU Clark, AV Anderson, TL Lozev, MG Fuchs, PA AF Clark, AV Anderson, TL Lozev, MG Fuchs, PA BE Prager, M Tilley, RM TI Quantitative safety analysis using fracture mechanics and ultrasonic stress measurements SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF UTILITIES AND PIPELINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Utilities and Pipelines CY DEC 04-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE bridges; electromagnetic-acoustic transducers; fracture mechanics; stress; ultrasonics AB Fracture mechanics can be applied to assess the safety of cracked bridge members. If crack length and stresses are known, the crack driving force (stress intensity factor, K) can be calculated. K was calculated for hot-rolled beams, as a function of crack length. K eventually becomes negative, indicating no further crack propagation. However a cracked girder will become compliant and ''shed'' load to uncracked neighboring members. Our calculations show that the changes in both compliance and load-carrying capacity of the cracked girder are small until the girder is deeply cracked. A finite-element analysis of a cracked girder showed that by determining the bending stresses at about one beam depth from the crack it is possible to determine K. Measurement of these stresses was simulated in a field test. The method used small changes in sound speed to determine stress. The ultrasonic transducers used required no couplants and no surface preparation. They were also used to measure stresses in an integral backwall bridge. RP Clark, AV (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2351-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2947 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1117/12.259174 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG84Q UT WOS:A1996BG84Q00027 ER PT J AU Shiang, KD Cai, J Shapiro, MH Fine, J Tombrello, TA AF Shiang, KD Cai, J Shapiro, MH Fine, J Tombrello, TA TI A molecular dynamics study of collisional excitation deexcitation at ion-bombarded surfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDE; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS; EMISSION; BINDING; STATES; AL AB On the basis of ab initio potentials, a three-dimensional classical trajectory model of the dynamics of energetic collision events for ion-bombarded alkali halide surfaces is introduced. In this model, a distance-of-closest-approach method is used to determine the occurrence of core excitation and electron capture. The results show that an excited sodium ion may be formed when a sodium 2p electron is promoted into the 3s state during a hard Ar+-Na+ collision. This inner-shell electron excitation is shown to be an initiating process, which can result in the subsequent neutralization and Auger electron emission from Na in the solid. We give numerical estimates of the probability for both the excitation and neutralization events that produce an excited sodium atom with a 2p vacancy which undergoes Auger electron emission. In addition, the lifetime of the promoted electron in sodium is calculated by applying quantum perturbation theory. Our results may be useful in interpreting the data from a recent experiment, in which three interesting spectral features due to the Auger decay of the core excitation appear in the autoionization spectrum. C1 CALTECH,DIV PHYS MATH & ASTRON,PASADENA,CA 91125. CALIF STATE UNIV FULLERTON,DEPT PHYS,FULLERTON,CA 92634. NIST,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00871-3 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TW709 UT WOS:A1996TW70900008 ER PT B AU Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ AF Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Vertical and horizontal variability of aerosol single scattering albedo and hemispheric backscatter fraction over the United States SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE aerosol; light scattering coefficient; light absorption coefficient; single scattering albedo; backscattering; wavelength dependence AB Measurements over the United States reveal that the single-scattering albedo and hemispheric backscattering fraction show much less variability in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions than the aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients from which they are derived. RP Ogren, JA (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 780 EP 783 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00188 ER PT B AU Bates, TS Kapustin, VN Covert, DS Quinn, PK AF Bates, TS Kapustin, VN Covert, DS Quinn, PK BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Processes controlling the physical properties of marine boundary layer aerosol particles during ACE 1 SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn RP Bates, TS (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 820 EP 820 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50198-0 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00198 ER PT B AU Quinn, PK Kapustin, VN Bates, TS Covert, DS AF Quinn, PK Kapustin, VN Bates, TS Covert, DS BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Chemical and optical properties of marine boundary layer aerosol particles during ACE 1 SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 821 EP 821 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50199-2 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00199 ER PT S AU Lozier, DW Turner, PR AF Lozier, DW Turner, PR BE Alefeld, G Herzberger, J TI Error-bounding in level-index computer arithmetic SO NUMERICAL METHODS AND ERROR BOUNDS SE MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IMACS-GAMM International Symposium on Numerical Methods and Error Bounds CY JUL 09-12, 1995 CL OLDENBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech C1 NIST,APPL & COMPUTAT MATH DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA LEIPZIGER STR 3-4, D-13162 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0138-3019 BN 3-05-501696-3 J9 MATH RES PY 1996 VL 89 BP 138 EP 145 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BG47Q UT WOS:A1996BG47Q00014 ER PT J AU Jefferson, TA Curry, BE AF Jefferson, TA Curry, BE TI Acoustic methods of reducing or eliminating marine mammal-fishery interactions: Do they work? SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID ENTANGLEMENT; GILLNETS; BEHAVIOR; DOLPHIN; WHALES AB Although a great deal of effort has been directed toward attempts to use sound to reduce or eliminate marine mammal incidental capture in fisheries and predation on fish, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of such methods in solving marine mammal-fishery conflicts. Passive methods of increasing a net's reflectivity are hypothesized to result in lowered marine mammal bycatch rates, by making it easier for the animals to detect and avoid nets. However, so far, substantial decreases in cetacean bycatch have not been demonstrated, either from comparisons of catch rates in commercial fisheries or from observational studies of deterrence. The goal of active acoustic methods is the production of sound to warn the animals of the gear, or to cause them to leave the area. Various attempts have been made to use active methods to deter pinnipeds from areas of fishing activity (generally to avoid predation on the fish), and to warn cetaceans of the presence of a net (to reduce incidental catch). Net alarms have greatly reduced large whale entrapment in fish traps in Canadian waters, but despite extensive testing, have generally not shown similar success in reducing small cetacean bycatch in a number of gillnet fisheries. Overall, most attempts to use sound to reduce or eliminate marine mammal-fishery interactions have been based upon trial and error, with few controlled scientific experiments, making evaluation of the effectiveness of these methods difficult. Much more basic research on marine mammal echolocation behavior and on behavioral interactions between marine mammals and fisheries needs to be done before substantial success using acoustic methods can be expected. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), OCEAN PK CONSERVAT FDN, OCEAN PK, ABERDEEN, HONG KONG. NR 109 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 41 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0964-5691(95)00049-6 PG 30 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA VR512 UT WOS:A1996VR51200003 ER PT B AU Shang, EC Wang, YY Sun, SB AF Shang, EC Wang, YY Sun, SB GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Bottom reflection inversion in shallow-water using the WKB modal condition SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme for extracting the complex bottom reflection coefficient (phase and amplitude) in a shallow-water wavwguide by using the WKB modal condition. The input data are the measured modal wave number and the modal attenuation. This scheme is efficient because there Ire no replica calculations as in the conventional matched-field processing (MFP). Numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed scheme works well in different scenarios of shallow-water waveguides. RP Shang, EC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00004 ER PT B AU Bufkin, JM Rivero, U AF Bufkin, JM Rivero, U GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Real time digital data communication system for a remotely operated ADCP SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler is moored adjacent to the Miami Offshore Dredged Material Disposal Site to monitor in real-time ocean currents during dredge disposal operations, The mooring site is an active shipping channel which would present a low survivability rate for surface radio communications buoys, There are also environmentally sensitive areas which prevent the direct cabling of the ADCP into shore, By combining hardwired cable and radio transmission techniques, a remote telemetry system was designed and installed at a fixed navigational marker that provides system reliability and a stable platform to work from, Most ADCP systems that provide real-time data are cabled back to a recording site which also supplies power to the ADCP down the cable, A self powered ADCP was utilized since cabling to shore was not a viable option, This presented problems in powering the interface to the data cable and had to be overcome, Powering down the cable was limited since the telemetry unit at the other end of the cable also had to be battery powered, From the ADCP a cable was laid to the closest filled workable paint, which happened to be a navigation marker at the entrance to the Port of Miami, This cable extends approximately three miles, and proper cable drivers had to be located that would deal with this distance, At the navigation marker, a telemetry unit was designed that buffers the received data from the ADCP cable by using a micro controller, and then transmits this data by a UHF Radio Modem, The data is received and stored by computer at our laboratory approximately five miles away, Power consumption proved to be a major concern, since there are no available power sources at the navigation marker, The ADCP operates from it's own internal battery pack, and the telemetry unit was designed to operate from batteries with solar panels to supplement the power, It is able to operate for months unattended, The system was installed in June of 1995, and has since proved to be an extremely reliable system, design of the telemetry system has proven to be robust, and lends itself to future experiments where data must be transmitted from a remote site. RP Bufkin, JM (reprint author), NOAA,US DEPT COMMERCE,OCEAN ACOUST DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00012 ER PT B AU Shih, HH Appell, GF AF Shih, HH Appell, GF GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI A new design of trawl resistant bottom mount for miniaturized ADCP current meters SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB There was a requirement to construct a trawl resistant bottom mount in support of the National ocean Service's current monitoring programs in coastal waters. The Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) to be used in these mounts are miniaturized versions recently developed by major ADCP manufacturers. This paper describes a design that is made of fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP), The platform has lampshade-like geometry, It is 1.6 m in base diameter, 0.66 m high and weighs about 355 kg in air (230 kg in water). Handling is easy and is especially suitable for current surveys in shallow waters, Other special features including a self-leveling and a cable break out mechanisms are also described. RP Shih, HH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00017 ER PT B AU Bishop, JR Dammann, WP AF Bishop, JR Dammann, WP GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Cabling and mooring a remotely operated ADCP for real-time data acquisition SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB As part of a joint U.S. Army Carps of Engineers, Port of Miami, State of Florida, U.S. EPA, University of Miami (Rosenstiel School), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) offshore dredged material disposal program, a real time current monitoring system (RTCMS) was designed by the Ocean Acoustics Division (OAD) of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA/AOML) for deployment offshore of Miami, This system consists of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moored on the ocean floor at a point southwest of the Offshore Dredge Material Disposal Site (ODMDS) and cabled to anear shore site,The near shore site chosen was a range marker at the Miami harbor entrance, From the range marker the data is transmitted via radio modem to the NOAA/AOML/OAD offices on Virginia Key, The high current regime and the requirement for periodic maintenance of the ADCP added unique challenges to the design of the cable and mooring system, Cable selection and routing was performed so as to minimize risk of damage due to recreational activities, For purposes of deployment and serviceability, the cabling and mooring system was divided into three sections, The first section extends from the range marker to a common point in 60 feet of water, The cable was laid and anchored in sandy areas where possible in order to avoid reef impact, The second section connects the common point to the first mooring point at a depth of 400 feet, The final section couples the first mooring point to the ADCP mooring point, The ADCP mooring section consists of a two point moor with a subsurface center float to suspend the cable above the bottom, The deployment of the system was accomplished in two days an board a ninety five foot research vessel equipped with a stern mounted A-frame and deck winches. Divers were utilized to attach the cable to anchors in the shallow water sections, and to inspect the cable after installation. RP Bishop, JR (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,OCEAN ACOUST DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00018 ER PT B AU Aikman, F AF Aikman, F GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI The coastal ocean forecast system for the US east coast SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The Coastal Ocean Forecast System has been producing experimental daily 24-hour forecasts of water levels and 3-dimensional temperature, salinity and currents on an operational basis for three years at NOAA's National Center for Environmental Prediction, The model system consists of the Princeton Ocean Model forced at the surface by forecast heat and momentum fluxes derived from the meso-Eta atmospheric model, The evolving operational system includes a number of enhancements that correct the surface fluxes and optimize the open ocean lateral boundary conditions, The results of an ongoing evaluation of forecast subtidal coastal water level and sea surface temperature reveal the encouraging predictability of wind-driven set-up and set-down at the coast and the limits of sea surface temperature (SST) predictability without the benefit of data assimilation or model reinitialization, Experimental efforts are presently underway to correctly incorporate the body forcing and open ocean boundry forcing of the tides, to implement assimilation of satellite-derived SST, and to follow this with operational experiments at assimilation of altimeter-based sea surface height fields, In addition, a number of regional forecast systems under development at the National Ocean Service require accurate coastal ocean information from this system as boundary condition forcing. RP Aikman, F (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,N-OES333,1305 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00033 ER PT B AU Bosley, KT AF Bosley, KT GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Toward a nowcast/forecast system for water levels in the Chesapeake Bay SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment (MECCA)is currently being used in an experimental nowcast/forecast scheme aimed at enhancing National Ocean Service predictions of water level within the Chesapeake Day, Winds and water levels observed at the Chesapeake Day Bridge Tunnel (CBBT) are used in combination with winds observed at Thomas Point Light to produce a twice daily nowcast of the water level within the Bay, These nowcasts provide initial conditions for forecast runs as well as providing water level information throughout the Bay rather than just at tide gauge locations. Tests of predictive capabilities have included driving MECCA with forecasts of subtidal water level at the open boundary and forecast wind fields that will be available operationally, The quality of the water level forecast is highly dependent upon the accuracy of both the open boundary condition and windfield forcing conditions. RP Bosley, KT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,1305 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00034 ER PT B AU Schultz, JR Aikman, F AF Schultz, JR Aikman, F GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Sea surface temperature evaluation of the Coastal Ocean Forecast System SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The Coastal Ocean Forecast System (COFS) is an experimental forecast system for the U.S. East Coast that is based on operationally forcing the Princeton Ocean Model with daily forecast fluxes of momentum and heat derived from the meso-Eta atmospheric forecast model. The focus of this paper is on the skill assessment of COFS by comparing the 24-hour forecast sea surface temperature (SST) to available observations For example, horizontal maps of predicted SST are qualitatively compared to remotely-sensed MCSST data. In addition, quantitative comparisons are made between the predicted SST and in situ observations from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) fixed buoys. Time series from representative NDBC buoys and from the nearest model grid points are compared for a two year time period beginning October 1, 1993 and ending September 31, 1995. Moot mean square differences and correlation coefficients assess the overall skill of the forecasts at the buoy locations, and standard cross-spectral techniques identify frequency bands of coherence between data and model, This preliminary evaluation suggests that there is some remarkable agreement between data and model; however, depending on the physical regime there is considerable room for improvement. Work presently underway is directed toward the assimilation of satellite-derived SST data, and also sea surface height (SSH) data derived from satellite altimeters, into the ocean model. It is anticipated that SST and SSH assimilation will result in improvements in forecast temperature and currents in the entire three-dimensional COFS domain. RP Schultz, JR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,1305 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00037 ER PT B AU Appell, GF AF Appell, GF GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Design and tests of a real time SonTek ADP system SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB Real time current measurement systems were required for use in a new Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS) being designed for the Houston ship channel in Galveston Bay. The new SonTek Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) was selected for the project. The ADPs were configured to output data in real time on request from a remote station by ''polling'' and simultaneously record on an internal PCMCIA recorder. The ADP's required protection from trawlers that work the ship channel requiring the design and development of a trawl resistant platform. The platform is fabricated from fiberglass and designed to house either SonTek or RD Instruments miniature current profilers. A variety of tests were performed on the ADP's in various stages of development. Platform tests were conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center. RP Appell, GF (reprint author), NOAA,NOS,SSMC4,STN 8537,1305 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00045 ER PT B AU Stamates, SJ Craynock, J Proni, JR FoxNorse, V Tomey, DA AF Stamates, SJ Craynock, J Proni, JR FoxNorse, V Tomey, DA GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Acoustic reflector of opportunity distribution as a surrogate for inferring effluent distribution in a survey of Massachusetts Bay SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB In 1998 the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) expects to complete the construction of a new oceanic wastewater outfall system which will have the capacity to release as much as 1.2 x 10(9) (gal) of treated wastewater per day. The design of the system is such that during summer months the effluent plume should be trapped beneath the seasonal thermocline. It is proposed that the spatio-temporal distribution of acoustic reflectors (probably biological) present in the seasonal thermocline is a reasonable surrogate for inferring characteristics of the spatio-temporal distribution of acoustic reflectors that will result from the release of wastewater effluent. In September 1995, we conducted a joint U.S. EPA, MWRA, NOAA survey of Massachusetts Bay. The primary data sets gathered were acoustic backscatter profiles at 10kHz and 200kHz made every 0.5(sec) with 0.5(m) vertical resolution. Also, CTD casts and water bottle samples were taken at selected locations. Oceanographic phenomena such as internal waves and tidal surges in conjunction with topographic features cause the surrogate scattering layers to be vertically modulated with possible mixing of materials normally trapped within layer boundaries. Analysis of acoustic backscatter measurements provide visualizations of such events and allow for the estimation of the surrogate scattering layer distributions in the vertical and horizontal planes. Quantitative comparison of acoustic backscatter strength with CTD derived density and transmissometry measurements give an indication of the relationship of the surrogate scattering layers to the water density structure at selected sites in the study (and an indication of the reliability of the surrogate). In addition to its role as a surrogate for wastewater, the relationship of the surrogate scattering material layers with respect to the isopycnal surfaces is also considered. RP Stamates, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,OCEAN ACOUST DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00049 ER PT B AU Milburn, HB Nakamura, AI Gonzalez, FI AF Milburn, HB Nakamura, AI Gonzalez, FI GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Real-time Tsunami reporting from the deep ocean SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB A 100-year historical database indicates that an average of five tsunamis per year occur in the Pacific and that during this period tsunamis have killed more than 50,000 people Ill, At present, U.S. coastal communities receive warnings based on shore-based seismic data and information from coastal sea level stations. An unacceptable 75% false alarm rate has prevailed, Direct measurement of: tsunamis in the open ocean, followed by real-time reports to warning centers, could improve the assessment of the tsunami hazard, Tsunamis have been observed in the deep ocean as part of a research program; furthermore, a recent successful demonstration of a near real-time system has been completed. A surface mooring was deployed with an acoustic modern and a bottom pressure recorder in 2600 m of water, Pressure data was remotely collected from the seafloor via the acoustic modem and telemetered to shore tia satellite. The deployment of an array of these moorings in the Pacific is under consideration. RP Milburn, HB (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 390 EP 394 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00061 ER PT B AU Timko, RE Woody, CE Ladner, RD Riley, RE AF Timko, RE Woody, CE Ladner, RD Riley, RE GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Near-real-time ocean color measurements from fixed platforms SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The Ambrose Light Tower was selected as a technology development site for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) program for ocean color. Optical sensors and other supporting oceanographic instrumentation will be mounted on the tower leg to develop an operational capability for validation of SeaWiFS data for coastal oceans, The Ambrose Tower, an established weather station, is part of the National Data Buoy Center's (NDBC) Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN). Simultaneous sampling of meteorological data and in-water optical observations will provide an important component to understanding ocean physics as it relates to variability in productivity. RP Timko, RE (reprint author), NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00089 ER PT B AU Milburn, HB McLain, PD Meinig, C AF Milburn, HB McLain, PD Meinig, C GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI ATLAS buoy - Reengineered for the next decade SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The ATLAS buoy system was developed under modest auspices in the early 1980s to measure upper ocean heat content acid surface meteorological parameters in support of air-sea interaction studies in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Since that time, the array has been the centerpiece of an international. climate study with nearly 70 surface buoys in the TAO array spanning the Pacific from approximately 8 degrees N to 8 degrees S from longitudes 137 degrees E to 95 degrees W, The moorings and data system have proven to be robust and reliable but have changed little from the original design, which was limited by the technology available at the time, An engineering effort to improve the system with enhanced sensor capabilities and modified cable telemetry has been implemented and several prototype moorings have been successfully deployed. RP Milburn, HB (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 698 EP 702 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00112 ER PT B AU Thompson, NB Ortner, PB Armentano, TV Hunt, J AF Thompson, NB Ortner, PB Armentano, TV Hunt, J GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI The interagency experiment of Florida Bay SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB A series of significant and obvious changes in Florida Bag have occurred over at least the past 10 years. These include: extensive losses of sea grass habitat and changes in diversity; extensive loss of sponges; reduced water clarity; micro-algal blooms of increasing frequency, intensity, and duration; and declines in economically important species including pink shrimp, lobster, and finish. To address the information needs to provide managers to develop appropriate actions to ''restore'' Florida Bay, an interagency group formed from an ad hoc committee to organize research to determine the causes of these changes. The resulting ''Science Plan far Florida Bay'' completed in April 1994 defines research required to provide the critical information needed to guide restoration and formalizes a process to review the relevance of research in meeting these information needs. This approach includes a structured process to optimize the distribution of research funds to meet recovery and restoration criteria. Research responsibilities of the eight federal and state agencies included are separated largely by agency mandate and expertise. A process which provides for the optimization of resources has been established and is described within he ''Science Plan for Florida Bay''. This process has provided guidance in directing research to focus on the critical hypotheses relative to changes in Florida Bay and adjacent waters. This process has been adopted by the Science Sub-Group of tile Interagency Working Group for South Florida Restoration. As such, the Florida nay interagency profess is a model of how to optimize resources to provide information needed to measure changes in a system such as Florida Bay. RP Thompson, NB (reprint author), NOAA,NMFS,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 784 EP 789 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00128 ER PT B AU Harlan, JA Georges, TM AF Harlan, JA Georges, TM GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Bathymetric effects on the Caribbean western boundary current as seen with over-the-horizon radar SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB A 5-hour test using a decametric over-the-horizon (OTH or ionospheric) radar in Texas produced a nmp Of radial surface currents over a 1.2 million square-kilometer area of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, The map reveals mesoscale features of the Caribbean western boundary current with 10-15-km resolution, showing details not previously seen. Of particular interest are eddies and bifurcations apparently caused bg bathymetric features. RP Harlan, JA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1038 EP 1040 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00171 ER PT B AU Shih, HH Basileo, MA AF Shih, HH Basileo, MA GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Extraction of wave information from NOAA's water level measurement network SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB Long-term coastal wave data are useful information for public safety, coastal erosion studies, coastal flood planning, and coastal engineering projects because of great spatial variability along the coast lines. The collection of such data, however, is quite difficult and expensive. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining surface wave information from existing NOAA Next Generation Water Level Measurement Systems (NGWLMS) along the U.S. coasts. The present effort shows that with proper consideration of the filtering effect in NGWLMS, surface wave information can be extracted from the one hertz rate water level measurements. The non-directional wave data were compared with wave measurements obtained from dedicated wave gages at an east and west coast sites and good agreement was observed. Coastal wave data obtained from these water level measurement stations will complement the existing coastal and offshore wave data provided by the U.S. Corps of Engineers and NOAA/NWS National Data Buoy Center, respectively. RP Shih, HH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,1305 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1148 EP 1156 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00191 ER PT B AU Buckley, EN AF Buckley, EN GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Value-added technology transfer: A pioneering NOAA system linking marine technologies with entrepreneurs SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The NOAA Center for Technological Innovation (CTI) at the Coastal Services Center, Charleston, South Carolina, is a pilot coastal environmental technology system that links technology with entrepreneurs and provides access to resources to nurture new businesses. The CTI is a highly leveraged, catalytic and entrepreneurial organization that is pioneering innovative mechanisms that link government, academia, and business networks with entrepreneurs, technology, capital, and markets necessary for successful value-added technology transfer to ensure that good ideas for technological environmental solutions reach the market. The CTI will augment existing means of Federal laboratory technology transfer that emphasize joint laboratory usage, missions directly applicable to the commercial market, spin-offs, licenses, and knowledge transfer. The CTI is particularly structured (1) to overcome the ''technology transfer gap'' which acts as a barrier to the commercialization of path-breaking, infrastructural, cutting edge technologies, and (2) to link NOAA research and development centers to the public and private sectors. The CTI will be the focal point for commercialization activities, including business incubation, technology market assessment, capital formation and networking, community outreach, training, and business support services. Coordination of academia and the emerging U.S. environmental technology industry will help to satisfy NOAA requirements for development and acquisition of technology to perform its mission. By providing a framework for focusing and leveraging the critical factors for timely and effective technology commercialization, CTI also will enable NOAA to be instrumental in building domestic and foreign market demand for its environmental technologies, paving the way for the introduction of American products and services abroad. RP Buckley, EN (reprint author), NOAA,COASTAL SERV CTR,2224 S HOBSON AVE,CHARLESTON,SC 29405, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1265 EP 1268 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00210 ER PT B AU Broadwater, JD AF Broadwater, JD GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Applications of technology at the monitor National Marine Sanctuary SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), protects the wreck of the famous Civil War ironclad warship USS Monitor. Recent research has revealed that the Monitor is deteriorating at an alarming rate causing NOAA to initiate an aggressive program of applying ocean technology to the problems of protecting the Monitor. RP Broadwater, JD (reprint author), NOAA,MARINERS MUSEUM,100 MUSEUM DR,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1269 EP 1273 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00211 ER PT B AU Kalvaitis, AN AF Kalvaitis, AN GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI National undersea research program offshore emergency exercises SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The number one priority for at-sea operations is safety. This is particularly important with cruises that involve using occupied submersibles to depths of 6000 m and deployments in remote areas. Although the world's submersible safety record has been excellent in the past two decades, there are procedures for ensuring that this exemplary status is maintained. One technique is to conduct emergency drills or exercises with the participants that might be involved in an emergency with a submersible in distress. Three drills were conducted during the past two years by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Undersea Research Program (NURP). These exercises involved submersible vendors, NURP Centers, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the Navy. These were the first known emergency exercises of this type that have been conducted in recent times. This paper describes the safety requirements, emergency procedures, results, and lessons learned from these emergency response drills. These have implications and applicability to many offshore operations. RP Kalvaitis, AN (reprint author), NOAA,CODE R-OR2,1315 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1343 EP 1347 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00224 ER PT B AU Soreide, NN McClurg, DC Zhu, WH McPhaden, MJ Denbo, DW Renton, MW AF Soreide, NN McClurg, DC Zhu, WH McPhaden, MJ Denbo, DW Renton, MW GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI World wide web access to real-time and historical data from the TAO array of moored buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean: Updates for 1996 SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB The TAO array consists of approximately 70 moored buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean, telemetering data in real time via the Argos satellite. Supported by an international consortium, it is a major component of the global climate monitoring system. TAO data is readily available via the World Wide Web, Unix/X-windows/Internet, and anonymous FTP. Available data includes real time and historical temperature and current meter data, and computed quantities, such as dynamic height, in the form of user-selectable space-time slices and line plots. Related data sets, such as TOPEX/POSEIDON data, NMC model-generated data fields, and TOGA drifting buoy data, are also available. TAO project home pages include extensive information about the buoys, sensors, sampling schemes, cruise scheduling, and science plans and publications. Updates to the TAO home pages include the addition of new animations, new views or slices of the TAO array data (such as time-depth plots), additional related data, and Web access to the TAO gridding methodologies and the climatologies used in calculating TAO anomaly fields. An El Nino Theme Page links forecasts, analyses, and measurements of El Niiio from research institutes world-wide as a resource for scientists, and to widen public awareness and knowledge about El Nino. Java prototypes provide the user with a high degree of interaction with TAO data and graphics. A new Web page provides near real-time images and data from the newly commissioned NOAA Research Vessel Ka'imimonna, which was designed and outfitted for deploying ATLAS buoys in support of NOAA's TAO mission. RP Soreide, NN (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1354 EP 1359 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00226 ER PT B AU Georges, TM Harlan, JA AF Georges, TM Harlan, JA GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI The first large-scale map of ocean surface currents made with dual over-the-horizon radars SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB We show the results of the first attempt to map vector ocean surface currents using dual over-the-horizon radars, The test used the U.S. Navy ROTHR radars in Virginia and Texas to illuminate, via ionospheric reflection, two 70,000 km(2) areas in the Florida Straits, approximately 1,500 km from the radars, Each radar maps radial currents, which are interpolated to a common grid and combined into vector currents. Details of the Florida current and ancillary flows are seen with 10-15-km resolution. RP Georges, TM (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 1485 EP 1487 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00253 ER PT B AU Osborn, T Bodge, K Croom, M Schroeder, M Wahle, C AF Osborn, T Bodge, K Croom, M Schroeder, M Wahle, C GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Structural restoration of two coral reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB In 1995 a large structural restoration of two coral reef grounding sites NOAA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and private industry engineers, surveyors, and marine constructors made the restoration effort possible. Many unique designs and practice were utilized in the project. RP Osborn, T (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,1315 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP S14 EP S17 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00272 ER PT B AU Eppeldauer, G AF Eppeldauer, G BE Palmer, JM TI Near infrared radiometer standards SO OPTICAL RADIATION MEASUREMENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Radiation Measurements III CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB We are developing new detector-based radiometric scales in the near infrared to extend existing spectral radiant power calibrations(1) to spectral irradiance and radiance calibrations. High accuracy irradiance and radiance meters have been developed to realize these new detector-based radiometric scales. Mechanical, optical, and radiometric design considerations of Ge and InGaAs radiometers are discussed. Calibration principles and design considerations of the calibration setup are also described. Several results of preliminary radiometric characterizations are reported. RP Eppeldauer, G (reprint author), NIST,DIV OPT TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2203-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2815 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.257155 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73B UT WOS:A1996BG73B00005 ER PT B AU Leonhardt, RW AF Leonhardt, RW BE Palmer, JM TI Low-level pulsed 1064 nm laser radiometer transfer standard SO OPTICAL RADIATION MEASUREMENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Radiation Measurements III CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE infrared; laser radiometer; peak power; pulse energy; 1064 nm AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a low-level peak power and pulse energy radiometer (APD 900) transfer standard for collimated laser light at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The peak power irradiance measurement range is from 500 pW/cm(2) to 50 mu W/cm(2) for laser pulse widths of 10-250 ns. The pulse energy measurement range is from 0.05 fJ/cm(2) to 50 pJ/cm(2). The instrument combines the functions of peak power and pulse energy measurement into one unit, and improves the responsivity by two orders of magnitude greater than previous NIST designs calibrated at 1064 nm. The radiometer is based on an infrared-enhanced silicon avalanche photodiode with 100 mm diameter full aperture collecting optics. Selectable aperture sizes and a neutral density filter extend the measurement range of the instrument to higher levels, especially with large diameter beams. The output is a voltage waveform that can be measured with an oscilloscope. Calibration uncertainty for the APD 900 radiometer is typically less than +/-8%. Improvements in the NIST calibration system will potentially lower the uncertainty to approximately +/-5%. RP Leonhardt, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2203-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2815 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.257152 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73B UT WOS:A1996BG73B00015 ER PT B AU Fox, RW Rudich, Y Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR Hollberg, L AF Fox, RW Rudich, Y Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR Hollberg, L BE Hays, PB Wang, JX TI Two-laser differential absorption for wide molecular bands SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE NO3; differential absorption; atmospheric monitoring; amplitude stabilization AB To measure trace concentrations of the atmospheric radical NO3 we are investigating the use of two amplitude stabilized diode lasers, one tuned to the center of the absorption profile, and the second tuned to a wavelength outside the absorption. This approach is taken because the absorption feature is much broader than the visible diode laser's tuning range and removing the sample concentration from the beam path to measure the baseline is difficult. This paper describes the preliminary system design, interferences expected from water, and electronics design. RP Fox, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2218-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2830 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.256131 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG67P UT WOS:A1996BG67P00037 ER PT J AU Reader, J AF Reader, J TI Atomic spectroscopy at NIST - 1995 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID RESONANCE LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS; LITHIUM; WAVELENGTHS; SPECTRUM; TRANSITIONS; PROGRAM AB The current program at NIST to observe spectral lines of atoms and atomic ions and determine atomic energy levels is reviewed. Results for the doubly ionized atoms Zr III, Hg III and Dy III, which are astrophysically important, are summarized in some detail, as are recent results for the Li-like atoms Li I and Fe XXIV. Progress on installation of a very high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer at NIST is reported. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/002 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000003 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD AF Gillaspy, JD TI EBIT spectra of highly stripped ions from the visible to the X-ray SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID RECOMBINATION CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; URANIUM IONS; CHARGED IONS; TRAP; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE; SPECTROMETER; EXCITATION; TITANIUM AB This paper provides an updated review of the capabilities of the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) as an advanced light source for atomic spectroscopy. Recent developments extending the spectral range to over five orders of magnitude in wavelength are highlighted. Distinguishing features that make EBIT a powerful tool both far simplifying spectral analysis and for making precise and accurate measurements are discussed. Various limitations of the machine are also discussed, with the intent to provide an introductory guide for scientists who may be planning EBIT spectroscopy experiments for the first time. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, ATOM PHYS DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/024 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000025 ER PT J AU Wiese, WL AF Wiese, WL TI The critical assessment of atomic oscillator strengths SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NEUTRAL NITROGEN; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRAL-LINES; CARBON AB During the course of critical compilations of atomic oscillator strengths at the National Institute of Standards and Technology over the last 30 years, we have developed and refined a general scheme to assess the accuracy of the pertinent experimental and theoretical data. To arrive at the accuracy ratings, we have utilized general assessments of the various approaches, the attention the authors give to the critical factors of their method, the authors' uncertainty estimates, extensive data comparisons, and fits into systematic trends. Some examples will, be shown which indicate that accuracy estimates in the literature are often too optimistic. RP Wiese, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/028 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000029 ER PT J AU You, L Lewenstein, M Glauber, RJ Cooper, J AF You, L Lewenstein, M Glauber, RJ Cooper, J TI Quantum field theory of atoms interacting with photons .3. Scattering of weak cw light from cold samples of bosonic atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; HYDROGEN; COLLAPSE; REVIVAL; MODEL; TRAP; GAS AB We study the coherent scattering of weak light from a system of cooled bosonic atoms in a trap. We derive and discuss in detail the scattering equation for such a process that describes multiple scatterings from different atoms. Our theory accounts for atom-atom interactions and determines the density profile of the atomic fields from the self-consistent Bogoliubov-Hartree method. We present two kinds of analytic solutions to the scattering equation using the on-shell approximation and the generalized diffraction theory. We discuss the validity of those approaches, and demonstrate that they both lead to similar results. Our studies indicate that the scattering cross sections exhibit non-lorentzian shapes with narrow features close to resonance. Coherent scattering occurs mainly in the forward direction, and the angular distribution is limited by the size of the atomic sample in the trap. We present results for various ranges of relevant parameters such as trap size, interaction strength, number of atoms, and temperature, etc. C1 POLISH AKAD NAUK,CTR FIZ TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LYMAN LAB PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP You, L (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 14,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 NR 67 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 329 EP 352 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.329 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000043 ER PT J AU Lynn, JW Huang, Q Santoro, A Cava, RJ Krajewski, JJ Peck, WF AF Lynn, JW Huang, Q Santoro, A Cava, RJ Krajewski, JJ Peck, WF TI Nature of the magnetic order in superconducting and nonsuperconducting HoNi2-xCoxB2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; HOMO6S8; ERRH4B4 AB Neutron-diffraction measurements have been carried out to investigate the magnetic properties of superconducting (T-c similar to 8 K) HoNi2B2C and nonsuperconducting (T-c<3 K) HoNi1.98Co0.015B2C. Both systems become magnetically long-range ordered below similar to 8 K, with three types of magnetic order being present. The low-temperature structure is a commensurate antiferromagnetic state that consists of Ho3+ moments aligned ferromagnetically in the a-b plane, with the sheets coupled antiferromagnetically along the c axis. The magnetic state that initially forms on cooling, however, is dominated by an incommensurate spiral antiferromagnetic state along the c axis, with wave vector q(c) approximate to-0.054 Angstrom(-1), in which the relative alignment of each ferromagnetic sheet is rotated in the a-b plane by similar to 17 degrees from the low-temperature antiparallel configuration. The intensity for this spiral state reaches a maximum near similar to 5 K; the spiral state then collapses at lower temperature in favor of the commensurate antiferromagnetic state. A smaller amplitude a-axis modulation, with q(a) approximate to 0.73 Angstrom(-1), is also observed above the spiral antiferromagnetic transition, but over a narrower temperature range than the spiral state. The identical sequence of phase transitions is observed for both the superconducting and nonsuperconducting samples, demonstrating that the reentrant superconductivity and the coexistence of long-range antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity at low temperatures are both controlled by the nature of the magnetic structures present. In the temperature regime where the three magnetic structures are observed simultaneously, the sample dependence of the intensities strongly suggests that they occur in spatially separate regions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 2 BP 802 EP 808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.802 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TT193 UT WOS:A1996TT19300055 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Mattson, W Grosh, J Trevino, SF AF Rice, BM Mattson, W Grosh, J Trevino, SF TI Molecular-dynamics study of detonation .1. A comparison with hydrodynamic predictions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; SIMULATION; INITIATION; MECHANICS AB We have compared the predictions of hydrodynamic theory for the properties of an unsupported detonation with the results of a molecular dynamics simulation of such a phenomenon. The model of an energetic crystal consists of heteronuclear diatomic molecules that require energy to break the molecular bonds (at ambient pressure); substantial energy is then released upon association of the products to form homonuclear diatomic molecules. The equation of state used in the hydrodynamic theory is determined from two-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of this model at various equilibrium conditions corresponding to volumes and temperatures appropriate to the detonation. The Chapman-Jouguet conditions of detonation were thus determined. The properties of the detonation were subsequently measured directly from two-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of the crystal model subjected to shock initiation. The agreement between the hydrodynamic predictions and the measured properties is good. Deviations from exact agreement are attributed to slight differences in material composition in the detonation simulation compared to that of the equation of state calculations. The critical property for sustained detonation using this model appears to be the attainment of the Chapman-Jouguet density. C1 USA, ARMAMENT RES & DEV COMMAND, PICATINNY ARSENAL, NJ 07806 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, RES LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 611 EP 622 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.611 PN A PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR117 UT WOS:A1996TR11700073 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Mattson, W Grosh, J Trevino, SF AF Rice, BM Mattson, W Grosh, J Trevino, SF TI Molecular-dynamics study of detonation .2. The reaction mechanism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; METALLIC IODINE; HIGH-PRESSURE; DISSOCIATION; SOLIDS AB In this work, we investigate mechanisms of chemical reactions that sustain an unsupported detonation. The chemical model of an energetic crystal used in this study consists of heteronuclear diatomic molecules that, at ambient pressure, dissociate endothermically. Subsequent association of the products to form homonuclear diatomic molecules provides the energy release that sustains the detonation. A many-body interaction is used to simulate changes in the electronic bonding as a function of local atomic environment. The consequence of the many-body interaction in this model is that the intramolecular bond is weakened with increasing density. The mechanism of the reaction for this model was extracted by investigating the details of the molecular properties in the reaction zone with two-dimensional molecular dynamics. The mechanism for the initiation of the reaction in this model is pressure-induced atomization. There was no evidence of excitation of vibrational modes to dissociative states. This particular result is directly attributable to the functional form and choice of parameters for this model, but might also have more general applicability. C1 USA, ARMAMENT RES & DEV COMMAND, PICATINNY ARSENAL, NJ 07801 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. USA, RES LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.623 PN A PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR117 UT WOS:A1996TR11700074 ER PT J AU Martys, NS Chen, HD AF Martys, NS Chen, HD TI Simulation of multicomponent fluids in complex three-dimensional geometries by the lattice Boltzmann method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON FLUIDS; GAS AUTOMATA; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; 3 DIMENSIONS; BGK MODELS; FLOW; DYNAMICS AB We describe an implementation of the recently proposed lattice Boltzmann based model of Shan and Chen [Phys. Rev. E 47, 1815 (1993); 49, 2941 (1994)] to simulate multicomponent flow in complex three-dimensional geometries such as porous media. The above method allows for the direct incorporation of fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interactions as well as an applied external force. As a test of this method, we obtained Poiseuille flow for the case of a single fluid driven by a constant body force and obtained results consistent with Laplace's law for the case of two immiscible fluids. The displacement of one fluid by another in a porous medium was then modeled. The relative permeability for different wetting fluid saturations of a microtomography-generated image of sandstone was calculated and compared favorably with experiment. In addition, we show that a first-order phase transition, in three dimensions, may be obtained by this lattice Boltzman method, demonstrating the potential for modeling phase transitions and multiphase flow in porous media. C1 EXA CORP,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,26-B348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 38 TC 433 Z9 452 U1 12 U2 94 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.743 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR119 UT WOS:A1996TR11900004 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Selinger, RLB AF Selinger, JV Selinger, RLB TI Theory of chiral order in random copolymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIPID TUBULES; POLYISOCYANATES; MEMBRANES; SYMMETRY; SENSE AB Recent experiments have found that polyisocyanates composed of a mixture of opposite enantiomers follow a chiral ''majority rule'': the chiral order of the copolymer, measured by optical activity, is dominated by whichever enantiomer is in the majority. We explain this majority rule theoretically by mapping the random copolymer onto the random-field Ising model. Using this model, we predict the chiral order as a function of enantiomer concentration, in quantitative agreement with the experiments. and show how the sharpness of the majority-rule curve can be controlled. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOLEC SCI & ENGN,CODE 6900,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 76 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.58 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TN037 UT WOS:A1996TN03700015 ER PT B AU Zweibel, EG AF Zweibel, EG BE Roberge, WG Whittet, DCB TI Polarimetry and the theory of the galactic magnetic field SO POLARIMETRY OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarimetry of the Interstellar Medium CY JUN 04-07, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-18-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 97 BP 486 EP 503 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32G UT WOS:A1996BG32G00066 ER PT S AU vanHeerden, D Josell, D Shechtman, D AF vanHeerden, D Josell, D Shechtman, D BE Frost, HJ Parker, MA Ross, CA Holm, EA TI Tensile tests of low density multilayer thin films SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS: STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties, and Applications II CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Komag Inc, Gatan Inc, IBM Corp, Storage Syst Div C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-306-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 403 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG51T UT WOS:A1996BG51T00021 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Schantz, MM Hays, MJ Koster, BJ Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Benner, BA Schiller, SB AF Wise, SA Schantz, MM Hays, MJ Koster, BJ Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Benner, BA Schiller, SB TI Certification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mussel tissue and air particulate Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE air particulate material; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography; mussel tissue; standard reference materials (SRMs) ID MARINE SEDIMENT AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis), has been issued with certified and noncertified concentrations for 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). SRM 1649, Urban Dust/Organics, which was issued in 1982, has been reanalyzed to provide certified and noncertified concentrations for 35 PAHs. Both materials were analyzed using four different analytical techniques based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on different stationary phases and on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 11 TC 14 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1080/10406639608031220 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WD674 UT WOS:A1996WD67400026 ER PT J AU Budzinski, H Baumard, P Papineau, A Wise, S Garrigues, P AF Budzinski, H Baumard, P Papineau, A Wise, S Garrigues, P TI Focused microwave assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic compounds from standard reference materials, sediments and biological tissues SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE PAH; extraction; microwaves; sediments; air particulate; mussel tissue ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been performed using a new focused microwave (FMW) open-vessel system. The experimental conditions were optimised (power, time, solvent...). This new technique of extraction was then applied to several standard reference materials (sediment, air particulate matter). The results, which were obtained, show a good extraction efficiency (greater than 85%) when comparing concentrations to the certified values. The great improvements of this technique, compared to other extraction ones, are the small volume of the extraction solvent needed to perform the extraction (few dozens of mt) and the drastic reduction of the extraction time (10 minutes). C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,URA 348,F-33405 TALENCE,FRANCE. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1080/10406639608031222 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WD674 UT WOS:A1996WD67400028 ER PT J AU Parris, RM Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Parris, RM Schantz, MM Wise, SA TI Comparability of measurements of PAHs in the marine environment - Results of a performance-based quality assurance program SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds / 2nd Biennial Meeting of International-Society-for-Polycyclic-Aromatic-Compounds CY SEP 19-22, 1995 CL BELGIRATE, NOVARA, ITALY SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds DE PAH; quality assurance; marine; intercomparison; monitoring; comparability AB NIST efforts in providing mechanisms for assessing data quality and comparability for laboratories monitoring selected organic contaminanti in the marine environment include method development, production of certified reference and other control materials, conduct of intercomparison exercises, and the coordination of quality assurance workshops for laboratories. Results from the 1994 intercomparison exercises illustrate current levels of PAH measurement comparability among participating laboratories. The mechanism used to determine the critical exercise analyte ''assigned values'' is evaluated using the results of an intercomparison exercise in which a candidate mussel tissue reference material was analyzed. C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1080/10406639608031225 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WD674 UT WOS:A1996WD67400031 ER PT J AU Brown, JE Kashiwagi, T AF Brown, JE Kashiwagi, T TI Gas phase oxygen effect on chain scission and monomer content in bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) degraded by external thermal radiation SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION AB The effect of atmospheric oxygen on the thermal decomposition of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, in a slab-like configuration was investigated. Blackbody irradiation of 12 mm thick PMMA slabs on one side was used to simulate the thermal decomposition and gasification pf the polymer in a fire environment. Results are reported for chain scission number obtained from molecular weight measurements and for residual monomer content at various levels below the slab surfaces irradiated at 17 and 30 kW/m(2) in atmospheres containing 0, 10, 21, and 41% oxygen in nitrogen. The scission number and polydispersity of surface layers, about 0.1 mm thick, were found to increase linearly with the mole fraction of oxygen in nitrogen. Over this range (0 to 41% O-2) the scission number increased from 1.5 to 5.0 and the polydispersity increased from 3.6 to 11.3 when the PMMA was degraded at the lower flux, while at the higher flux, the scission number increased from 5.0 to 14.4 with a concomitant polydispersity change from 2.0 to 4.5. These results show that gas phase O-2 reacts with the polymer chains, enhancing random scissions and generating functional groups from which depropagation is initiated. This enhanced decomposition increases the transient gasification rate leading to ignition and flame spread. RP Brown, JE (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PY 1996 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0141-3910(95)00213-8 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA UK078 UT WOS:A1996UK07800001 ER PT J AU Paul, E Evans, CJ Mangamelli, A McGlauflin, ML Polavani, RS AF Paul, E Evans, CJ Mangamelli, A McGlauflin, ML Polavani, RS TI Chemical aspects of tool wear in single point diamond turning SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE d electron complexes; diamonds; diamond turning; electroless nickel; tools; tool wear; tribochemistry ID SURFACE; HYDROGEN AB A hypothesis is proposed that ascribes chemical wear of diamond tools to the presence of unpaired d electrons in the sample being machined. This hypothesis is used to explain a range of results for metals, alloys, and other materials including ''electroless'' nickel. The hypothesis is further tested by experiments presented here on the machining of a range of high purity elements. The implications for diamond turnability of other materials are discussed. C1 NIST, DIV PRECIS ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 48 TC 153 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 4 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0141-6359(95)00019-4 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TT185 UT WOS:A1996TT18500001 ER PT B AU Whalen, TM AF Whalen, TM BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Dynamics of multi-DOF stochastic nonlinear systems SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00021 ER PT B AU Franaszek, M Simiu, E AF Franaszek, M Simiu, E BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Application of chaotic dynamics to stochastic resonance SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00022 ER PT B AU Kitching, J Hollberg, L Walls, FL AF Kitching, J Hollberg, L Walls, FL GP IEEE TI A 1 GHz optical-delay-line oscillator driven by a diode laser SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB Experimental results are presented on a hybrid optical/electronic oscillator which uses an optical delay line to generate high spectral purity microwave signals. At Fourier frequencies above 10 kHz, the single sideband (SSB) phase noise spectrum decreases as roughly 1/f(2) attaining a value of -138 dB below the carrier in al Hs bandwidth (dBc/Hz) at 20 kHz offset. The origin of this noise is in part the fundamental shot noise on the light itself, although other optical noise sources such as double Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering also appear to be important under certain operating conditions. The frequency stability over several hours is dominated by changes in the fiber ambient temperature with a coefficient of about 10(-5)/K originating mostly from changes in the fiber refractive index with temperature. RP Kitching, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 807 EP 814 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560259 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00118 ER PT B AU FerrePikal, ES Walls, FL Vig, JR Nava, JFG AF FerrePikal, ES Walls, FL Vig, JR Nava, JFG GP IEEE TI Experimental studies on flicker noise in quartz crystal resonators as a function of electrode volume, drive current, type of quartz, and fabrication process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We investigated the effect of electrode size, drive current, sweeping, type of polishing, and ultra-thin electrodes on the 1/f or flicker frequency and phase modulation (PM) noise of quartz crystal resonators. The 1/f noise of resonators with three different electrode diameters was measured and compared. The PM noise performances of all three resonator types, measured in a test oscillator, were similar with an average of -100 dBc/Hz, a variation of approximately +/-10 dB, and a minimum value of L(10 Hz)= -110 dBc/Hz. (dBc/Hz refers to dB below the carrier in a 1 Hz bandwidth.) We also found that the 1/f noise in many of these resonators varied significantly (up to 10 dB) with drive current. We also had other groups of resonators made out of swept quartz bars, with a special polishing process and/or ultra-thin electrode edges. These groups yielded similar results: an average PM noise of -98 dBc/Hz, and a variation of +/-10 dB. The amplitude-frequency effect of the resonators was also investigated. The frequency versus amplitude curve, measured using a network analyzer, showed discontinuities in some of the resonators with poor noise. There is some indication that these discontinuities or ''jumps'' may be due to stress relief in the crystal or noisy contacts. RP FerrePikal, ES (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00123 ER PT B AU Howe, DA Lainson, KJ AF Howe, DA Lainson, KJ GP IEEE TI Effect of drift on TOTALDEV SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB Estimates of the frequency stability of clocks and oscillators are given by statistics of frequency fluctuations. At long-term averaging times, TOTALDEV is a recommended statistic over ADEV, the Allan deviation. Simulation of common noise types with drift are used to compare TOTALDEV and ADEV. Comparisons show that the response of TOTALDEV is consistent at long term with drift taken out whereas the response of ADEV is not. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 883 EP 889 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560271 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00130 ER PT B AU Mileti, G Deng, JQ Walls, FL Lowe, JP Drullinger, RE AF Mileti, G Deng, JQ Walls, FL Lowe, JP Drullinger, RE GP IEEE TI Recent progress in laser-pumped rubidium gas-cell frequency standards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB This paper presents the current results of our development of a laser-pumped passive rubidium frequency standard. With a vapor cell containing isotopic Rb-87 and a mixture of buffer gas we obtained a double resonance signal compatible with a short-term stability of 2 . 10(-13) tau(-1/2) (shot noise limit). Measurements of the effect of the interrogating phase noise demonstrated that our microwave synthesizer did not limit this potential short-term stability. Two types of monochromatic light source lasers have been used : broad-band solitary lasers and extended cavity lasers. We found that their main limitation on the frequency stability was due to the AM noise detected by the photocell. In order to improve the S/N of the clock, an all-electronic AM noise cancellation technique has been successfully employed. Light-shift measurements allowed tuning the laser frequency to the zero light-shift point. Presently, our clock has a short-term stability of 7 . 10(-13) tau(-1/2) (2 < tau < 40 s) with the solitary laser and 5 . 10(-13) tau(-1/2) (4 < tau < 40 s) with the extended cavity laser. These are the best reported performances for passive rubidium clocks. RP Mileti, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1066 EP 1072 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560295 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00154 ER PT B AU Lee, WD Shirley, JH Jennings, DA Parker, TE Jefferts, SR Drullinger, RE AF Lee, WD Shirley, JH Jennings, DA Parker, TE Jefferts, SR Drullinger, RE GP IEEE TI An atomic beam velocity servo for optically pumped cesium frequency standards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB When evaluating the frequency uncertainty of a cesium-beam primary frequency standard, accurate measurement and control of the atomic velocity distribution is important. In frequency standards which employ atoms with thermal velocities, the measured atomic resonance frequency differs from the true resonance by several parts in 10(13) due to the second-order Doppler shift. To achieve a frequency uncertainty for NIST-7 of 5 parts in 10(15), the uncertainty introduced by the second-order Doppler shift must be no more than one part in 10(15), In addition, the Doppler shift must remain constant throughout the measurement of the atomic resonance frequency. We have developed a new optical technique for efficiently measuring the atomic velocity in real-time. This technique is compatible with the slow square-wave digital frequency servo used by the U.S. primary frequency standard NIST-7. RP Lee, WD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1082 EP 1085 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560297 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00156 ER PT B AU Miller, JD Berkeland, DJ Cruz, FC Bergquist, JC Itano, WM Wineland, DJ AF Miller, JD Berkeland, DJ Cruz, FC Bergquist, JC Itano, WM Wineland, DJ GP IEEE TI A cryogenic linear ion trap for Hg-199(+) frequency standards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB A cryogenic linear rf trap has been constructed to study the accuracy of a clock based on laser cooled Hg-199(+). Crystals of tens of ions have been observed. The residual micromotion of the ions has been minimized and Ramsey interrogation periods of 100 s have been demonstrated for the 40.5 GHz transition. Systematic shifts to the clock transition due to magnetic field fluctuations as well as heating of the ions during the clock cycle have been evaluated. This system should eventually provide a frequency standard of high precision and accuracy. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Cruz, Flavio/A-6346-2012 OI Cruz, Flavio/0000-0003-3995-7910 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1086 EP 1088 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560298 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00157 ER PT B AU Parker, TE Levine, J AF Parker, TE Levine, J GP IEEE TI Recent improvements in the performance of the NIST AT1 time scale SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc DE time scale; hydrogen maser; cesium frequency standard AB The recent addition of new commercial high performance frequency standards to the NIST AT1 time scale has resulted in significant improvements in the performance of the scale. The frequency stability of the scale at one day has increased by a factor of 2 to 4x10(-15) and the stability at 100 days has improved to approximately 1x10(-15). As a result UTC(NIST) has been kept within 50 ns of UTC for the last year. Further improvements are anticipated as more high performance clocks are added to the AT1 ensemble. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1131 EP 1136 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560304 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00163 ER PT B AU Levine, J AF Levine, J GP IEEE TI Incorporating data from a primary frequency standard into a time scale SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We describe a new time-scale algorithm called AF1. It is designed to combine data from a primary frequency standard with time-difference measurements from an ensemble of cesium clocks and hydrogen masers. Each clock in the ensemble is characterized by a frequency which is estimated from the periodic time-differences and a frequency aging that is estimated using data from the primary frequency standard. I will compare the estimates of the algorithm with the data from our primary frequency standard, NIST-7. RP Levine, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1137 EP 1145 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00164 ER PT B AU Weiss, MA Jefferts, SR Levine, J Dilla, S Parker, TE Bell, EW AF Weiss, MA Jefferts, SR Levine, J Dilla, S Parker, TE Bell, EW GP IEEE TI Two-way time and frequency transfer in SONET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We have built a two-way time-transfer device which can use any currently unused byte in the SONET/SDH overhead to effect time transfer. The hardware should allow time transfer over short distances (km) with stabilities less than 10 ps for integration times greater than 1000 s. Accuracy at the same level in a dedicated fiber should also be possible. Time transfer though telecommunications network equipment has not yet been investigated. RP Weiss, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1163 EP 1168 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560309 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00168 ER PT B AU Ascarrunz, FG Jefferts, SR Parker, TE AF Ascarrunz, FG Jefferts, SR Parker, TE GP IEEE TI Earth station errors in two-way time transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We have investigated the earth station errors in two-way time transfer. A 3.7 m earth station and a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) earth station were used in these experiments along with a transponder located on a mountain about 10 km away. The temperature coefficient of the receive (RX) delay for the 3.7 m NIST earth station was found to be -150 +/- 30 ps/degrees C and the temperature coefficient for the transmit (TX) delay was -50 +/- 10 ps/degrees C. The overall temperature coefficient for the earth station was 100 +/- 30 ps/degrees C. Aside from environmental errors there are apparent changes in delay due to characteristics of the modulation/demodulation scheme. Apparent delay changes due to non-linearity effects in the earth station were as high as 10 ns. The errors due to code dependence and third code interference were as high as 3 ns. RP Ascarrunz, FG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560310 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00169 ER PT B AU Meystel, AM AF Meystel, AM GP IEEE TI Intelligent systems: A semiotic perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc DE baby-robot; combinatorial search; focusing attention; generalized subsistence machine; grouping; hierarchies; intelligence; intelligent System; interpretation; multiresolutional (Systems); reflection; representation; resolution; semiosis; semiotics; six-box diagram C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2978-3 PY 1996 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1109/ISIC.1996.556178 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG44Z UT WOS:A1996BG44Z00011 ER PT B AU Huang, HM AF Huang, HM GP IEEE TI Operator interface and situation perception in hierarchical intelligent control: A case study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2978-3 PY 1996 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1109/ISIC.1996.556179 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG44Z UT WOS:A1996BG44Z00012 ER PT B AU Boudreaux, JC AF Boudreaux, JC GP SOC AUTOMOT ENGINEERS INT TI Frameworks and experimental protocols for information-intensive manufacturing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IPC CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IPC Conference and Exposition CY MAY 13-16, 1996 CL DETROIT, MI SP Soc Automot Engineers Int AB In a recent preliminary report of the National Research Council, it is stated that U.S. manufacturers are increasingly coming to depend upon information technology-computers, communications, and complex systems that combine the two. As a first approximation, any information infrastructure for manufacturing will be based on distributed systems of fast, reliable, and relatively inexpensive computers linked by high-speed, high-bandwidth networks. RP Boudreaux, JC (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 BN 1-56091-828-4 PY 1996 BP 123 EP 127 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BH67N UT WOS:A1996BH67N00017 ER PT S AU Huang, HM AF Huang, HM GP IEEE TI Intelligent manufacturing system control: Reference model and initial implementation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Operat Res Soc Amer AB This paper describes the concept of task within a control architecture called Intelligent Systems Architecture for Manufacturing (ISAM). The paper also describes the approach for modeling and developing the tasks and the controllers for ISAM based applications. RP Huang, HM (reprint author), NIST,MFG ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-3591-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1996 BP 1755 EP 1756 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH27F UT WOS:A1996BH27F00381 ER PT B AU Fletcher, RA Verkouteren, JR Windsor, ES Bright, DS Steel, EB Small, JA Liggett, WS AF Fletcher, RA Verkouteren, JR Windsor, ES Bright, DS Steel, EB Small, JA Liggett, WS GP NATL FLUID POWER ASSOC TI Development of a standard reference material for the fluid power industry: ISO medium dust in oil SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 47TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLUID POWER, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th National Conference on Fluid Power/International Fluid Power Exposition and Technical Conference CY APR 23-25, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Natl Fluid Power Assoc C1 NIST,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL FLUID POWER ASSOC PI MILWAUKEE PA 3333 N MAYFAIR RD, SUITE 311, MILWAUKEE, WI 53222-3219 BN 0-942220-36-6 PY 1996 BP 351 EP 364 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF78M UT WOS:A1996BF78M00036 ER PT S AU Short, JW Harris, PM AF Short, JW Harris, PM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Chemical sampling and analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in near-surface seawater of Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00002 ER PT S AU Short, JW Harris, PM AF Short, JW Harris, PM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Petroleum hydrocarbons in caged mussels deployed in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00003 ER PT S AU Short, JW Sale, DM Gibeaut, JC AF Short, JW Sale, DM Gibeaut, JC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Nearshore transport of hydrocarbons and sediments after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 40 EP 60 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00004 ER PT S AU OClair, CE Short, JW Rice, SD AF OClair, CE Short, JW Rice, SD BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Contamination of intertidal and subtidal sediments by oil from the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 61 EP 93 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00005 ER PT S AU Wolfe, DA Krahn, MM Casillas, E Sol, S Thompson, TA Lunz, J Scott, KJ AF Wolfe, DA Krahn, MM Casillas, E Sol, S Thompson, TA Lunz, J Scott, KJ BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Toxicity of intertidal and subtidal sediments contaminated by the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,OCEAN RESOURCES CONSERVAT & ASSESSMENT COASTAL MO,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 121 EP 139 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00008 ER PT S AU Short, JW Jackson, TJ Larsen, ML Wade, TL AF Short, JW Jackson, TJ Larsen, ML Wade, TL BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Analytical methods used for the analysis of hydrocarbons in crude oil, tissues, sediments, and seawater collected for the natural resources damage assessment of the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RI Wade, Terry/A-4012-2012 NR 0 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 140 EP 148 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00009 ER PT S AU Short, JW Babcock, MM AF Short, JW Babcock, MM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Prespill and postspill concentrations of hydrocarbons in mussels and sediments in Prince William Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY FISHERIES LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 149 EP 166 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00010 ER PT S AU Babcock, MM Irvine, GV Harris, PM Cusick, JA Rice, SD AF Babcock, MM Irvine, GV Harris, PM Cusick, JA Rice, SD BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00018 ER PT S AU Harris, PM Rice, SD Babcock, MM Brodersen, CC AF Harris, PM Rice, SD Babcock, MM Brodersen, CC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Within-bed distribution of Exxon Valdez crude oil in Prince William Sound blue mussels and underlying sediments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 298 EP 308 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00019 ER PT S AU Mearns, AJ AF Mearns, AJ BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Exxon Valdez shoreline treatment and operations: Implications for response, assessment, monitoring, and research SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENT DIV,BIOL ASSESSMENT TEAM,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 309 EP 328 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00020 ER PT S AU Wertheimer, AC Celewycz, AG AF Wertheimer, AC Celewycz, AG BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Abundance and growth of juvenile pink salmon in oiled and non-oiled locations of western Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 518 EP 532 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00033 ER PT S AU Wertheimer, AC Bax, NJ Celewycz, AG Carls, MG Landingham, JH AF Wertheimer, AC Bax, NJ Celewycz, AG Carls, MG Landingham, JH BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Harpacticoid copepod abundance and population structure in Prince William Sound, one year after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RI Bax, Nicholas/A-2321-2012 OI Bax, Nicholas/0000-0002-9697-4963 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 551 EP 563 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00035 ER PT S AU Celewycz, AG Wertheimer, AC AF Celewycz, AG Wertheimer, AC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Prey availability to juvenile salmon after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 564 EP 577 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00036 ER PT S AU Sturdevant, MV Wertheimer, AC Lum, JL AF Sturdevant, MV Wertheimer, AC Lum, JL BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Diets of juvenile pink and chum salmon in oiled and non-oiled nearshore habitats in Prince William Sound, 1989 and 1990 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 578 EP 592 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00037 ER PT S AU Carls, MG Wertheimer, AC Short, JW Smolowitz, RM Stegeman, JJ AF Carls, MG Wertheimer, AC Short, JW Smolowitz, RM Stegeman, JJ BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Contamination of juvenile pink and chum salmon by hydrocarbons in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 593 EP 607 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00038 ER PT S AU Carls, MG Holland, L Larsen, M Lum, JL Mortensen, DG Wang, SY Wertheimer, AC AF Carls, MG Holland, L Larsen, M Lum, JL Mortensen, DG Wang, SY Wertheimer, AC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Growth, feeding, and survival of pink salmon fry exposed to food contaminated with crude oil SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 608 EP 618 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00039 ER PT S AU Collier, TK Krone, CA Krahn, MM Stein, JE Chan, SL Varanasi, U AF Collier, TK Krone, CA Krahn, MM Stein, JE Chan, SL Varanasi, U BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Petroleum exposure and associated biochemical effects in subtidal fish after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 671 EP 683 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00045 ER PT S AU Loughlin, TR Ballachey, BE Wright, BA AF Loughlin, TR Ballachey, BE Wright, BA BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Overview of studies to determine injury caused by the Exxon Valdez oil spill to marine mammals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 798 EP 808 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00054 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Burrows, DG Sloan, CA Pearce, RW Pierce, SM Bolton, JL Tilbury, K Dana, KL Chan, SL Varanasi, U AF Brown, DW Burrows, DG Sloan, CA Pearce, RW Pierce, SM Bolton, JL Tilbury, K Dana, KL Chan, SL Varanasi, U BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Survey of Alaskan subsistence invertebrate seafoods collected in 1989-1991 to determine exposure to oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 844 EP 855 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00059 ER PT S AU Hom, T Varanasi, U Stein, JE Sloan, CA Tilbury, KL Chan, SL AF Hom, T Varanasi, U Stein, JE Sloan, CA Tilbury, KL Chan, SL BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Assessment of the exposure of subsistence fish to aromatic compounds after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 856 EP 866 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00060 ER PT B AU Libes, D AF Libes, D GP USENIX TI Writing CGI scripts in Tcl SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL TCL/TK WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop CY JUL 10-13, 1996 CL MONTEREY, CA SP USENIX Assoc DE GCI; FAQ; HTML; generation; Tcl; World Wide Web C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 BN 1-880446-78-2 PY 1996 BP 189 EP 201 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BG08B UT WOS:A1996BG08B00021 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Taft, BA Wang, HT AF Teng, CC Taft, BA Wang, HT BE Chung, JS Olagnon, M Kim, CH TI Motion transfer functions for a slack-moored wave-following buoy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH (1996) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III, 1996 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference CY MAY 26-31, 1996 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Austr, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, Japan, IRO, Netherlands, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Japan, Offshore Engn Soc, UK, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, France, Scott Polat Res Inst DE buoy; mooring; transfer function; numerical modeling; dynamic response C1 NATL DATA BUOY CTR, BAY ST LOUIS, MS USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-25-7 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1996 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BF95G UT WOS:A1996BF95G00051 ER PT B AU Libes, D AF Libes, D GP USENIX ASSOC TI How to avoid learning expect or automating automating interactive programs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE (LISA X) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Systems Administration Conference (LISA X) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP USENIX Assoc, SAGE, Syst Adn Guild DE autoexpect; expect; interaction automation; Tcl C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 BN 1-880446-81-2 PY 1996 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BG44R UT WOS:A1996BG44R00009 ER PT B AU Zachariah, MR Carrier, MJ Tsang, W AF Zachariah, MR Carrier, MJ Tsang, W BE Besmann, TM Allendorf, MD Robinson, M Ulrich, RK TI Particle nucleation and growth: A molecular view SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD XIII), at the Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY MAY 05-10, 1996 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Electrochem Soc AB Particle nucleation and growth processes are modeled by two complimentary methods. For small clusters, ab-initio molecular orbital methods combined with reaction rate theory are use to determine the thermochemistry and kinetics of small cluster growth. Clustering shows both negative temperature and pressure dependence resulting from energy transfer effects. Chemically activated nucleation reactions, however, show much reduced sensitivity to both these process variables. Large cluster growth processes are modeled by molecular dynamics and indicate that surface energy per atom is cluster size independent. Cluster-cluster reactive kinetics occur at gas collision rates, however, particle coalescence rates are shown to be very size and temperature dependent. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-155-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1996 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ91W UT WOS:A1996BJ91W00001 ER PT B AU Davis, RW Moore, EF Zachariah, MR Burgess, DRF Burns, TJ AF Davis, RW Moore, EF Zachariah, MR Burgess, DRF Burns, TJ BE Besmann, TM Allendorf, MD Robinson, M Ulrich, RK TI Numerical modeling of particle contaminants in CVD reactors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD XIII), at the Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY MAY 05-10, 1996 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Electrochem Soc AB Particle contamination is a major problem afflicting materials processing in CVD reactors. The purpose of the investigation described here is to acquire an understanding of particle contaminant transport in two types of commonly-emproved CVD reactors. A numerical model for flow in the rotating disk and barrel-type reactors has been developed based on the full axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. For particles in the mu m-size range, individual particle trajectories are computed based on inertial, thermophoretic and gravitational forces. In the case of the rotating disk reactor, the objective is to determine under what conditions particles impact, and thus contaminate, the deposition substrate. For the barrel-type reactor, the objective is to investigate particle dynamics in the recirculating flow typically found adjacent to the susceptor. Particles in the submicron size range in the rotating disk reactor are being investigated through the use of an aerosol model embedded in a one-dimensional flow/chemistry simulation of this reactor. Particle formation and coagulation are accounted for. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-155-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1996 VL 96 IS 5 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ91W UT WOS:A1996BJ91W00018 ER PT B AU Jones, RK Overstreet, R AF Jones, RK Overstreet, R GP EC EC TI Method for estimating the evaporation rate and downwind dispersion from spills of hydrochloric acid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON CHEMICAL SPILLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Technical Seminar on Chemical Spills CY JUN 10-11, 1996 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP Environm Protect Serv, Environm Technol Advacement Directorate, Environm Canada AB Hydrochloric acid is one of the most common hazardous materials involved in chemical spills. Estimating the size of the toxic gas cloud associated with a major spill is complicated by the difficulties inherent in calculating the evaporation rate from an acid solution. The evaporation rate depends on the concentration, which can change significantly as the pool evaporates. This paper presents a simple method for estimating the time-dependent concentration of the pool, release rate and downwind dispersion of hydrogen chloride from the spill of an aqueous solution. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jones, RK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1996 BP 39 EP 51 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP61S UT WOS:000085690400005 ER PT B AU Farr, J Barnea, N Henry, C AF Farr, J Barnea, N Henry, C GP EC EC TI Chemistry and health and safety aspects of Powell Duffryn spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON CHEMICAL SPILLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Technical Seminar on Chemical Spills CY JUN 10-11, 1996 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP Environm Protect Serv, Environm Technol Advacement Directorate, Environm Canada C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Farr, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA, ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1996 BP 237 EP 253 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP61S UT WOS:000085690400014 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, K BE Troendle, C TI Use of geology in NWSRFS calibrations: Nisqually River, Mt Rainier, Washington SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 NOAA,NWS,NW RIVER FORECAST CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97230. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 81 EP 89 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00009 ER PT B AU Bissell, VC AF Bissell, VC BE Troendle, C TI When MWSRFS, SEUS, and snow intersect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 NW RIVER FORECAST CTR,NATL WEATHER SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97230. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 90 EP 93 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00010 ER PT J AU Laurine, D Hughes, S Younger, M Orwig, C AF Laurine, D Hughes, S Younger, M Orwig, C BE Troendle, C TI Applying the national weather service river forecast system (NWSRFS) interactive forecast program to basins in Northwest Washington SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 NOAA,NWS,NW RIVER FORECAST CTR,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 94 EP 102 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00011 ER PT B AU Biancaniello, FS Gayle, FW Fields, RJ Schaefer, RJ Janowski, GM AF Biancaniello, FS Gayle, FW Fields, RJ Schaefer, RJ Janowski, GM BE Suryanarayana, C Singh, J Froes, FH TI Processing and structure of ball milled nitrogenated stainless steel SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Processing and Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials, at the Materials Week 95 CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Chem & Phys Mat Com, m, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, ASM MSD Int Mat Synthesis & P, roc Comm C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. OI Janowski, Gregg/0000-0001-8384-4820 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-335-X PY 1996 BP 309 EP 317 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BG03Q UT WOS:A1996BG03Q00027 ER PT J AU Schultheisz, CR Waas, AM AF Schultheisz, CR Waas, AM TI Compressive failure of composites .1. Testing and micromechanical theories SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CARBON-FIBER-EPOXY; SUPERPOSED HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; REINFORCED PLASTICS; MICROBUCKLING INITIATION; SHEAR FAILURE; STRENGTH; KINKING; GLASS AB When structures made of composite materials are designed to be used in load bearing applications, a primary consideration is the evaluation of their load carrying capacity in compression. To this end, a vast number of research investigations, whose main objective is linked to ascertaining the compressive strength of a composite structure has been carried out and/or is currently being performed. Apart from its practical significance, the complexity associated with the task of predicting compression strength is the main reason for the overt attention this problem is receiving. One such difficulty has been associated with testing. When laboratory tests are carried out to determine compression strength, structural instabilities dictated by the geometry of the structure may interfere with material strength dictated by the mechanical properties of the constituents and their alignment and geometry (needed to describe the microstructure of the material). In addition stress concentrations may occur at undesirable locations. In Part I, issues pertaining to compression testing and micromechanical failure theories are reviewed. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT AEROSP ENGN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP NIST, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 181 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0376-0421(94)00002-3 PG 42 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TB868 UT WOS:A1996TB86800001 ER PT J AU Waas, AM Schultheisz, CR AF Waas, AM Schultheisz, CR TI Compressive failure of composites .2. Experimental studies SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CARBON-FIBER-EPOXY; SUPERPOSED HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; ROD POLYMER FIBERS; REINFORCED PLASTICS; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; FRAGMENTATION PHENOMENON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AXIAL-COMPRESSION; CIRCULAR HOLE AB In Part I of this two part sequence, issues related to compression testing of composites and micromechanical failure models were reviewed. The present paper (Part II) is written with a focus on understanding experimental studies that have been carried out to illuminate those micromechanical influences that affect compression strength. The use of model composites to study compression failure is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the many different experimental techniques to measure fiber strengths are presented. Many suggestions for future investigations are given. C1 NIST, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT AEROSP ENGN, FXB BLDG, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NR 140 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 43 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0376-0421(94)00003-4 PG 36 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TB868 UT WOS:A1996TB86800002 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Brandin, E Branton, D Deamer, DW AF Kasianowicz, JJ Brandin, E Branton, D Deamer, DW TI The detection of individual nucleic acid polymers traversing a protein ion channel SO PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6107 J9 PROG BIOPHYS MOL BIO JI Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. PY 1996 VL 65 SU 1 BP PB127 EP PB127 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WE753 UT WOS:A1996WE75300278 ER PT J AU Mensch, M Bayer, R Bullister, JL Schlosser, P Weiss, RF AF Mensch, Manfred Bayer, Reinhold Bullister, John L. Schlosser, Peter Weiss, Ray F. TI The Distribution of Tritium and CFCs in the Weddell Sea during the mid-1980s SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review AB Transient tracer data (tritium, CFC11 and CFC12) from the southern, central and northwestern Weddell Sea collected during Polarstern cruises ANT III-3, ANT V-2/3/4 and during Andenes cruise NARE 85 are presented and discussed in the context of hydrographic observations. A kinematic, time-dependent, multi-box model is used to estimate mean residence times and formation rates of several water masses observed in the Weddell Sea. Ice Shelf Water is marked by higher tritium and lower CFC concentrations compared to surface waters. The tracer signature of Ice Shelf Water can only be explained by assuming that its source water mass, Western Shelf Water, has characteristics different from those of surface waters. Using the transient nature of tritium and the CFCs, the mean residence time of Western Shelf Water on the shelf is estimated to be approximately 5 years. Ice Shelf Water is renewed on a time scale of about 14 years from Western Shelf Water by interaction of this water mass with glacial ice underneath the FilchnerRonne Ice shelf. The Ice Shelf Water signature can be traced across the sill of the Filchner Depression and down the continental slope of the southern Weddell Sea. On the continental slope, new Weddell Sea Bottom Water is formed by entrainment of Weddell Deep Water and Weddell Sea Deep Water into the Ice Shelf Water plume. In the northwestern Weddell Sea, new Weddell Sea Bottom Water is observed in two narrow, deep boundary currents flowing along the base of the continental slope. Classically defined Weddeil Sea Bottom Water (theta <= 0.7 degrees C) and Weddell Sea Deep Water (-0.7 degrees C <= theta <= 0 degrees C) are ventilated from the deeper of these boundary currents by lateral spreading and mixing. Model-based estimates yield a total formation rate of 3.5Sv for new Weddell Sea Bottom Water (theta = -1.0 degrees C) and a formation rate of at least 11Sv for Antarctic Bottom Water (theta = -0.5 degrees C). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 [Mensch, Manfred; Bayer, Reinhold] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mensch, Manfred; Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mensch, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203 NR 77 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 377 EP 415 AR PII S0079-6611(97)00007-4 DI 10.1016/S0079-6611(97)00007-4 PG 50 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V08AC UT WOS:000207300700003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Byrd, E Bentz, D Lin, CJ AF Nguyen, T Byrd, E Bentz, D Lin, CJ TI In situ measurement of water at the organic coating substrate interface SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference in Organic Coatings Science and Technology CY JUL 04-08, 1994 CL ATHENS, GREECE DE organic coating/substrate interface; water measurement ID CATHODIC DELAMINATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ATR SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; CORROSION; ENVIRONMENTS; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; VISCOSITY; ADHESION AB In situ and quantitative information on the water layer at the organic coating/substrate interface is crucial for understanding and preventing the failure of organic coating systems. A technique, based on a two-layer model derived rigorously from internal reflection theory, has been developed for measuring in situ the thickness and amount of the water layer at the organic coating/substrate interface. The technique gives new insight into the processes by which water degrades the coating/substrate bonds. In this technique, a transparent or an opaque organic coating of sufficient thickness is applied to an internal reflection element (IRE) with or without a thin metallic film, which is used as the substrate. A water chamber is attached to the organic-coated specimen. After adding water to the chamber, Fourier transform infrared-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectra are taken automatically at specified time intervals without disturbing the specimens or the instrument. Water uptake in the coating and FTIR-MIR spectra of water on the coating-free substrate are also used for the analysis. Examples of clear and pigmented coatings on untreated and treated substrate surfaces are given to demonstrate the technique. Results of water accumulation at the coating/iron interface with and without applied electrical potentials are given. In addition to measuring water at the coating/substrate interface, the technique provides a means for studying the transport of water through a coating adhered to a substrate. Information on water at the interface and its transport properties through coatings applied to a substrate is valuable for interpreting corrosion, blistering and delamination of organic coating systems, and for developing models for use in predicting the service lives of protective coatings. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 67 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JAN-APR PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1016/0300-9440(95)00535-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UG587 UT WOS:A1996UG58700020 ER PT J AU Guelachvili, G Birk, M Borde, CJ Brault, JW Brown, LR Carli, B Cole, ARH Evenson, KM Fayt, A Hausamann, D Johns, JWC Kauppinen, J Kou, Q Maki, AG Rao, KN Toth, RA Urban, W Valentin, A Verges, J Wagner, G Wappelhorst, MH Wells, JS Winnewisser, BP Winnewisser, M AF Guelachvili, G Birk, M Borde, CJ Brault, JW Brown, LR Carli, B Cole, ARH Evenson, KM Fayt, A Hausamann, D Johns, JWC Kauppinen, J Kou, Q Maki, AG Rao, KN Toth, RA Urban, W Valentin, A Verges, J Wagner, G Wappelhorst, MH Wells, JS Winnewisser, BP Winnewisser, M TI High resolution wavenumber standards for the infrared SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; (CO)-C-12-O-16 LASER TRANSITIONS; ACCURATE ROTATIONAL-CONSTANTS; CARBONYL SULFIDE; LINE POSITIONS; MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; MU-M; CALIBRATION TABLES; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; DIODE-LASER AB The calibration of high resolution infrared spectra is generally more precise than accurate. This is the case even when they are recorded with Fourier transform interferometers. The present document aims at improving the accuracy of wavenumber measurements in the infrared by recommending a selection of spectral lines as wavenumber standards for absolute calibration in the range from about 4 to about 7000 cm(-1) The uncertainties of these wavenumber standards range from +/-1 x 10(-3) to +/-1 x 10(-6) cm(-1). Sources of frequency standards, on which the wavenumber determinations are based, are also given. C1 DLR,INST OPTOELECTR,D-82234 WURZBURG,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 13,PHYS LASERS LAB,F-93430 VILLETANEUSE,FRANCE. NOAA,AERON LAB REAL5,BOULDER,CO 80303. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. CNR,IST RIC ONDE ELETTROMAGNET,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,SCH CHEM,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MOLEC SPECT LAB,B-1348 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,STEACIE INST MOLEC SCI,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0R6,CANADA. UNIV TURKU,DEPT APPL PHYS,SF-20500 TURKU,FINLAND. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS UPR 136,MOLEC PHYS LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. LAB AIMEE COTTON,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. UNIV GIESSEN,INST PHYS CHEM,D-35392 GIESSEN,GERMANY. RP Guelachvili, G (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS UPR 136,MOLEC PHYS LAB,BATIMENT 350,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 95 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 68 IS 1 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1351/pac199668010193 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TW414 UT WOS:A1996TW41400022 ER PT J AU Blackwelder, P Hood, T AlvarezZarikian, C Nelsen, TA McKee, B AF Blackwelder, P Hood, T AlvarezZarikian, C Nelsen, TA McKee, B TI Benthic foraminifera from the NECOP study area impacted by the Mississippi River plume and seasonal hypoxia SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Benthic foraminifera influenced by the Mississippi River plume and seasonal hypoxia were assessed from Louisiana inner-continental shelf sediment samples. Surface foraminifera assembla,aes were representative of in-situ populations as established by staining techniques. Community diversity and richness/evenness analyses indicate three regimes: high stress (sediment dominated), intermediate stress (hypoxia dominated), and low stress (low sediment accumulation/high oxygen). Epistominella vitrea and Buliminella morgani are useful tracers of rapid sediment accumulation rate and hypoxia. A bottom-water productivity signal west of the Mississippi River plume is indicated by benthic and planktic foraminifera abundance peaks. Surface benthic foraminifera trends are utilized to interpret changes in historical community structure from hypoxic area sediments deposited since the turn of the century. The hypoxia-tolerant species Buliminella morgani increases markedly upcore, while hypoxia intolerant species decrease or disappear. Diversity and dominance trends temporally correspond to a dramatic increase in U.S. fertilizer application. The results of this study have application to paleoenvironmental research spanning longer geologic timescales. The documented relationships between population structure and stressors in river-dominated marine systems may provide a useful analog for recognition of these conditions in the fossil record. C1 NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, OCD, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. LOUISIANA UNIV MARINE CONSORTIUM, CHAUVIN, LA 70344 USA. RP Blackwelder, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI, ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI, 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 1996 VL 31 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1016/1040-6182(95)00018-E PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA TC548 UT WOS:A1996TC54800004 ER PT J AU Hobbs, TG AF Hobbs, TG TI Tests on electret ion chambers used for environmental monitoring SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB A 13-week environmental exposure of electret ion chambers in a variety of configurations tested response characteristics of electrets produced by different methods, the radon intrusion protection afforded by different enclosures, and the residual effects of low level radiation exposures on the electrets. No significant response differences were observed that could be attributed to the electret production method. With respect to the enclosure method, the only effect noted was a possible attenuation in external exposure due to the thickness of glass in a desiccator enclosure. Some residual effects were noted, apparently with some link to the storage mechanism. RP Hobbs, TG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,HLTH PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1996 VL 67 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VD971 UT WOS:A1996VD97100003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, WL AF McLaughlin, WL TI Colour centres in LiF for measurement of absorbed doses up to 100 MGy SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Bubble Technol Ind, Harshaw Bicron Technol Vertriebs GmbH, Hungarian Acad Sci, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Inst Isotopes, Hungary, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publ, Paks Nucl Power Plant Ltd, Rados Technol Oy, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Studsvik Instrument AB, Victoreen Inc AB Radiation damage studies on electronic components, polymers, composites, ceramics, metals, and insulating materials exposed to very large doses of ionising photons and particles (i.e. electrons, protons, and neutrons) require reproducible and accurate passive dosimetry. Absorbed doses in the range 10(2)-2 x 10(6) Gy have previously been measured with optical quality, undoped LiF by spectrophotometry of radiation-induced absorption bands of stable colour centres. These include the relatively stable F centre (247 nm), M centre (443 nm), R(1) centre (315 nm), R(2) centre (374 nm), and N-2 centre (547 nm). It is now possible to extend this range to 10(8) Gy by spectrophotometry of the N-1 centre (517 nm) and an 'X' centre (785 nm). These dosemeters can be used from cryogenic (4 K) to relatively high radiation temperatures (up to 500 K). The radiation-induced coloration can be bleached for re-use of the dosemeters by a two hour thermal annealing treatment at 830 K. RP McLaughlin, WL (reprint author), TECHNOL ADM,IONIZING RADIAT DIV,PHYS LAB,NIST,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 200 PN 2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VR888 UT WOS:A1996VR88800042 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM AlSheikhly, M Christou, CA Miller, A Kovacs, A Wojnarovits, L Lewis, DF AF McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM AlSheikhly, M Christou, CA Miller, A Kovacs, A Wojnarovits, L Lewis, DF TI Novel radiochromic films for clinical dosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Bubble Technol Ind, Harshaw Bicron Technol Vertriebs GmbH, Hungarian Acad Sci, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Inst Isotopes, Hungary, Landauer Inc, Nucl Technol Publ, Paks Nucl Power Plant Ltd, Rados Technol Oy, Siemens Environm Syst Ltd, Studsvik Instrument AB, Victoreen Inc ID STEREOTAXIC RADIOSURGERY; ELECTRON-BEAMS; X-RAY; SENSITIVITY; RADIATION AB New transparent radiochromic films, GafChromic MD-55 and NMD-55, which turn from colourless to deep blue upon irradiation, have been designed particularly for measuring radiation therapy absorbed doses (1 Gy to 100 Gy). They are also useful for high resolution mapping of dose distributions, radiographic imaging, treatment planning dosimetry, beam penumbra measurements, and interface dosimetry with ionising photons, electrons and protons. The gamma ray responses are linear with dose in terms of increase of optical absorbance at 670, 633, and 600 nm and are independent of absorbed dose rate and relative humidity. The radiochromic images show a slight gradual post-irradiation increase in absorbance especially during the first 24 h. In addition, there is a small but predictable variation of sensitivity with temperature, both during irradiation and during spectrophotometry. The films also have a slight sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (250 to 350 nm) in direct sunlight. Experiments with X ray beams show no appreciable energy dependence relative to dose in water at photon energies greater than 100 keV, but they have a sensitivity that gives readings of about 60% of the dose in water for photons at 20 to 40 keV. RP McLaughlin, WL (reprint author), TECHNOL ADM,IONIZING RADIAT DIV,PHYS LAB,NIST,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 268 PN 2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VR888 UT WOS:A1996VR88800057 ER PT J AU Hobbs, T Kotrappa, P Tracy, J Biss, B AF Hobbs, T Kotrappa, P Tracy, J Biss, B TI Response comparisons of electret ion chambers, LiF TLD, and HPIC SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB During each quarter of 1991 electret ion chambers, (LiF)-Li-mat, (LiF)-Li-6, and (LiF)-Li-7 thermoluminescence dosemeters, all integrating ionising radiation monitors, were placed at a location in the grounds of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. One group was exposed to the total ambient field, while a second group was sealed for testing a method of protection against radon gas intrusion. A high-pressure ion chamber at the same location provided another measure of the field. Simultaneously with the environmental response test, other sealed and unsealed groups of electret ion chambers and thermoluminescence dosemeters were exposed during each quarter to discrete exposures from calibrated sources of Co-60 and Cs-137. All responses were evaluated at the end of each quarter. The results indicated that the electret ion chamber gave results comparable to thermoluminescence dosemeters for routine environmental monitoring. No significant difference was found for any monitor type when sealed results were compared with unsealed results. The electret devices gave results that were, on the average, closer to the pressurised ion chamber results than did the thermoluminescence devices for both the sealed and unsealed sets for the ambient fields, and the electret devices also gave results closer to the delivered air kerma values than did the thermoluminescence devices in the deliberate exposure test. The electret ion chambers' responses showed a somewhat greater variability than did the thermoluminescence dosemeters' responses. RP Hobbs, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OCCUPAT HLTH & SAFETY DIV,HLTH PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1996 VL 63 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UH941 UT WOS:A1996UH94100004 ER PT J AU Doviak, RJ Lataitis, RJ Holloway, CL AF Doviak, RJ Lataitis, RJ Holloway, CL TI Cross correlations and cross spectra for spaced antenna wind profilers .1. Theoretical analysis SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VHF RADAR; INTERFEROMETRY MEASUREMENTS; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; IRREGULARITIES; VELOCITY; MODEL AB The presented theory ties the properties of a turbulently advected scattering medium to the cross correlation and cross spectrum of signals in a general configuration of receiving and transmitting antennas. The correlation length of Bragg scatterers and antenna diameter are the significant parameters determining the diffraction pattern's correlation length. We examine how vertical anisotropy of the scattering medium affects the diffraction pattern's correlation length. We demonstrate that the cross spectrum can be formulated in terms of a pair of spectral sampling functions (a one-dimensional Doppler and a three-dimensional wavenumber function), and closed form solutions are obtained. We give the conditions under which the scattering medium's statistical properties can be represented by a Gaussian correlation or spectral model, and the distance over which the diffraction pattern simply advects without significant change. We show that the diffraction pattern of a pair of scatterers can translate at the speed of the scatterers, not twice their speed as is commonly thought. C1 NATL TELECOMMUN & INFORMAT AGCY,INST TELECOMMUN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Doviak, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1029/95RS02318 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA TT013 UT WOS:A1996TT01300012 ER PT B AU Boltz, ES Fortunko, CM AF Boltz, ES Fortunko, CM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Determination of the absolute sensitivity limit of a piezoelectric displacement transducer SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 939 EP 945 PN A&B PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00123 ER PT B AU Boltz, ES Tewary, VK Fortunko, CM AF Boltz, ES Tewary, VK Fortunko, CM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Fidelity of michelson interferometric and conical piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 971 EP 978 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00127 ER PT B AU Hsu, NN Xiang, D Fick, SE Blessing, GV AF Hsu, NN Xiang, D Fick, SE Blessing, GV BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Transient analysis of a line-focus transducer probing a liquid/solid interface SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NIST,MFG ENGN LAB,AUTOMATED PROD TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 995 EP 1002 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00130 ER PT B AU Xiang, D Hsu, NN Blessing, GV AF Xiang, D Hsu, NN Blessing, GV BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Materials characterization by a time-resolved and polarization-sensitive ultrasonic technique SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NIST,ULTRASON GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1431 EP 1438 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00187 ER PT B AU Slotwinski, JA Blessing, GV AF Slotwinski, JA Blessing, GV BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic NDE of sprayed ceramic coatings SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NIST,MFG ENGN LAB,ULTRASON GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1613 EP 1620 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00211 ER PT B AU Renken, MC Fortunko, CM AF Renken, MC Fortunko, CM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Impact of quantization noise on the quality of ultrasonic signal deconvolution SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 2081 EP 2088 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00273 ER PT B AU Dulcie, LL AF Dulcie, LL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A prototype apparatus for determining changes in the electrical conductivity of production run carbon fibers SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 2233 EP 2239 PN A&B PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00293 ER PT B AU Fitting, DW Dube, WP Siewert, TA Paran, J AF Fitting, DW Dube, WP Siewert, TA Paran, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Process sensor for locating the liquid-solid boundary through the mold of a casting SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 2315 EP 2321 PN A&B PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00303 ER PT J AU Poitzsch, ME Bergquist, JC Itano, WM Wineland, DJ AF Poitzsch, ME Bergquist, JC Itano, WM Wineland, DJ TI Cryogenic linear ion trap for accurate spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PAUL TRAP; NOISE AB We have observed linear ''crystals'' of up to tens of laser-cooled Hg-199(+) ions in a linear rf ion trap. The trap operates at liquid-He temperature and is designed for use as a prototype 40.5 GHz frequency standard with high accuracy and stability. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1063/1.1146560 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TQ623 UT WOS:A1996TQ62300017 ER PT J AU Copley, JRD AF Copley, JRD TI Simulations of neutron focusing with curved mirrors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SHADOW AB We have developed a ray-tracing program to calculate the imaging properties of ellipsoidal and toroidal mirrors in glancing angle configurations. It has been proposed that such mirrors be used in small angle neutron scattering instruments, in order to achieve increased count rates without sacrificing angular resolution. We describe the method of calculation, including effects due to gravity, and we present a number of instructive examples of calculations for both types of mirrors. We also illustrate a practical method of reducing image degradation associated with gravitational effects. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Copley, JRD (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1063/1.1146569 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TQ623 UT WOS:A1996TQ62300026 ER PT J AU Chang, RF Moldover, MR AF Chang, RF Moldover, MR TI High-temperature high-pressure oscillating tube densimeter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB We describe an oscillating tube densimeter for use at temperatures up to at least 575 K and at pressures up to 20 MPa. After the densimeter was calibrated under vacuum and filled with water, it was used to measure the density of toluene from 298 to 575 K at 13.8 MPa. The results agree (0.1% rms deviation) with those obtained using other techniques. In the present densimeter, an alternating current is passed through the tube containing the sample to force the tube to oscillate in the field of a permanent magnet. This design avoids the use of electromagnets (with their attendant polymer or ceramic insulations) and does not require attachment of appendages to the oscillating tube. This densimeter oscillates in an overtone rather than in its fundamental mode, thereby achieving improved isolation from environmental noise and a shorter response time. The densimeter is small, weighing 370 g. If transformers are used to couple electrical signals to the oscillating tube, the densimeter itself may be constructed entirely out of metal. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Chang, RF (reprint author), NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1063/1.1146580 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TQ623 UT WOS:A1996TQ62300037 ER PT J AU Koren, VI Barrett, CB AF Koren, VI Barrett, CB BE Maxwell, WHC Preul, HC Stout, GE TI Application of a gis based distributed hydrological system to the large river basin SO RIVERTECH '96 - 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW/EMERGING CONCEPTS FOR RIVERS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: CELEBRATING THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF IWRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on New/Emerging Concepts for Rivers (RIVERTECH96), Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of IWRA CY SEP 22-26, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Int Water Resources Assoc, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Univ Illinois Chicago, Univ Cincinnati, Marquette Univ, Metropolitan Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Water Dept Chicago, Illinois Dept Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Harza Engn, Chicago, Ill AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has developed a river forecast system for the entire Nile basin. The primary goal was to provide forecasts of the inflow into the High Aswan Dam (HAD) with as much lead time as technically feasible. The forecast system has a grid point structure with the sub-basins represented as connected grid points. Connectivity of the grid points is determined based on both stream network definition and elevation data by using the Geographic Information System. The inputs to the distributed hydrological system are the gridded rainfall and potential evaporation. The initial operational version of the MFS system was installed in 1992 in Cairo, Egypt. Since then, various enhanced or improved versions have been installed with the latest system installed in July 1995. The main output of the system is an expected inflow into the HAD for three-five months ahead. However, the system provides additional products, such as, short-term and long-term expected hydrographs at different outlets of the Nile, high resolution daily precipitation, evaporation, and soil moisture conditions, climatological precipitation and potential evaporation data and their statistics. RP Koren, VI (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OH,1325 EAST WEST HGY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI URBANA PA 205 N MATHEWS AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 PY 1996 BP 389 EP 396 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BG72S UT WOS:A1996BG72S00059 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, MT Vladar, AE TI Digital imaging for scanning electron microscopy SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE analog SEM; digital SEM; digital image acquisition; image processing AB The development and application of digital imaging technology has been one of the major advancements in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the past several years. This digital revolution has been brought about by significant progress in semiconductor technology, notably the availability of less expensive, high-density memory chips and the development of inexpensive, high-speed, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, mass storage, and high-performance central processing units. This paper reviews a number of the advantages presented by digital imaging as applied to the SEM and describes a system developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for this purpose. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MICROELECTR DIMENS METROL GRP,TECHNOL BLDG A-347,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA TP620 UT WOS:A1996TP62000001 ER PT J AU Mizuseki, H Ishihara, M Hu, X Kawazoe, Y AF Mizuseki, H Ishihara, M Hu, X Kawazoe, Y TI Ultra-high density magnetic recording media using 2D and 3D magnetic anisotropic artificial lattices SO SCIENCE REPORTS OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTES TOHOKU UNIVERSITY SERIES A-PHYSICS CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics and Physical Properties of Clusters, Surfaces and Interfaces CY NOV 14-15, 1995 CL TOHOKU UNIV, INST MAT RES, SENDAI, JAPAN HO TOHOKU UNIV, INST MAT RES DE magnetic multi-valued(MMV) recording; magnetic artificial lattice; easy axis of magnetization; magnetic anisotropy AB New magnetic configurations in 2D and 3D artificial lattices are studied by solving the non-linear equation based on the classical Heisenberg models for 2D and 3D artificial lattices. The results indicate strong possibility to be used as an ultra-high density magnetic recording media achieved by magnetic multi-valued(MMV) recording. The MMV states are based on the magnetic anisotropic configurations in 2D and 3D artificial lattices. In this paper, the magnetic properties and the density of MMV recording are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Mizuseki, H (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV,INST MAT RES,SENDAI,MIYAGI 98077,JAPAN. RI Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki/C-2998-2011; Mizuseki, Hiroshi/A-8891-2011 OI Mizuseki, Hiroshi/0000-0003-0973-7693 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATERIALS RESEARCH LIBRARY PI SENDAI PA TOHOKU UNIV KATAHIRA 2-1-1, SENDAI 980, JAPAN SN 0040-8808 J9 SCI REP RES TOHOKU A JI Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Ser. A-Phys. Chem. Metall. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UM039 UT WOS:A1996UM03900011 ER PT S AU Snyder, KA Clifton, JR Pommersheim, J AF Snyder, KA Clifton, JR Pommersheim, J BE Murphy, WM Knecht, DA TI Computer program to facilitate performance assessment of underground low-level waste concrete vaults SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XIX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIX, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-315-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 412 BP 491 EP 498 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BF31P UT WOS:A1996BF31P00061 ER PT B AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, ME BE Durig, JR Klabunde, KJ TI Infrared spectra of molecular ions derived from the hydrogen and methyl halides trapped in solid neon SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Low Temperature Chemistry CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL UNIV MISSOURI KANSAS, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Univ Missouri Kansas City HO UNIV MISSOURI KANSAS RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BKMK PRESS PI KANSAS CITY PA UNIV MISSOURI KANSAS CITY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64110-2499 BN 1-886157-11-1 PY 1996 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BH73H UT WOS:A1996BH73H00047 ER PT B AU Rose, AH Wyss, JC AF Rose, AH Wyss, JC BE Wang, A TI Self-calibrating optical thermometer SO SELF-CALIBRATED INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SENSORS AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Self-Calibrated Intelligent Optical Sensors and Systems CY OCT 25-26, 1995 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical fiber temperature sensor; polarimetric; self-calibrating C1 NIST,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1958-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2594 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.229224 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF02U UT WOS:A1996BF02U00018 ER PT B AU Tilford, CR AF Tilford, CR BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Gas contamination monitoring for semiconductor processing SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00030 ER PT B AU Jach, T Thurgate, S LaCuesta, T AF Jach, T Thurgate, S LaCuesta, T BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Depth-dependent non-destructive analysis of the oxide surface of InP(100) using grazing incidence x-ray photoemission SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00035 ER PT B AU Powell, CJ AF Powell, CJ BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Calibration of binding-energy scales of x-ray photoelectron spectrometers SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00036 ER PT B AU Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR AF Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF Lowney, JR BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Scanning capacitance microscopy measurements and modeling for dopant profiling of silicon SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00038 ER PT B AU McWaid, T Schneir, J Villarrubia, JS Dixson, R Tsai, VW AF McWaid, T Schneir, J Villarrubia, JS Dixson, R Tsai, VW BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Progress toward accurate metrology using atomic force microscopy SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00039 ER PT B AU Becker, DA Lindstrom, RM Hossain, TZ AF Becker, DA Lindstrom, RM Hossain, TZ BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI International intercomparison for trace elements in silicon semiconductor wafers by neutron activation analysis SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00043 ER PT B AU Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM AF Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Applications of cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis to characterization of semiconductors SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00044 ER PT B AU Downing, RG Lamaze, GP AF Downing, RG Lamaze, GP BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Nondestructive characterization of semiconductor materials using neutron depth profiling SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 346 EP 350 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00045 ER PT B AU Lamaze, GP Downing, RG AF Lamaze, GP Downing, RG BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Boron analysis in synthetic diamond films using cold neutron depth profiling SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 351 EP 355 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00046 ER PT B AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, DE BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Trace nanoanalysis by analytical electron microscopy electron energy loss spectrometry: Achieving high spatial resolution and high sensitivity analysis SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 377 EP 381 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00049 ER PT B AU Simons, DS Chi, PH Downing, RG Lamaze, GP AF Simons, DS Chi, PH Downing, RG Lamaze, GP BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI The development of standard reference material 2137 - A boron implant in silicon standard for secondary ion mass spectrometry SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00050 ER PT B AU Gillen, G AF Gillen, G BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Quantitative 3-dimensional image depth profiling by secondary ion mass spectrometry SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00051 ER PT B AU Simons, DS AF Simons, DS BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI The depth measurement of craters produced by secondary ion mass spectrometry - Results of a stylus profilometry round-robin study SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 392 EP 392 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00053 ER PT B AU Bridges, JM Hardis, JE Cromer, CL Roberts, JR AF Bridges, JM Hardis, JE Cromer, CL Roberts, JR BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Spectroradiometers for deep-ultraviolet lithography SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 413 EP 417 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00056 ER PT B AU Nguyen, NV ChandlerHorowitz, D Pellegrino, JG Amirtharaj, PM AF Nguyen, NV ChandlerHorowitz, D Pellegrino, JG Amirtharaj, PM BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI High-accuracy principal-angle scanning spectroscopic ellipsometry of semiconductor interfaces SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 438 EP 442 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00061 ER PT B AU Tison, SA AF Tison, SA BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Improved gas flow measurements for next-generation processes SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 497 EP 501 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00069 ER PT B AU Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF AF Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI In-situ neutron reflectivity of MBE grown and chemically processed surfaces and interfaces SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00079 ER PT B AU Burnett, JH Amirtharaj, PM Cheong, HM Paul, W Koteles, ES Elman, B AF Burnett, JH Amirtharaj, PM Cheong, HM Paul, W Koteles, ES Elman, B BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Use of pressure for quantum-well band-structure characterization SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00089 ER PT B AU ChandlerHorowitz, D Berning, DW Pellegrino, JG Burnett, JH Bour, DP Treat, DW AF ChandlerHorowitz, D Berning, DW Pellegrino, JG Burnett, JH Bour, DP Treat, DW BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Double-modulation and selective excitation photoreflectance for wafer-level characterization of quantum-well laser SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 639 EP 643 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00090 ER PT B AU Richter, CA Seiler, DG Pellegrino, JG Tseng, WF Thurber, WR AF Richter, CA Seiler, DG Pellegrino, JG Tseng, WF Thurber, WR BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Novel magnetic field characterization techniques for compound semiconductor materials and devices SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 673 EP 677 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00097 ER PT B AU Scace, RI Dance, D Greed, JJ Hockett, RS Evans, C Mazur, R AF Scace, RI Dance, D Greed, JJ Hockett, RS Evans, C Mazur, R BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Panel 2: Choosing the proper instruments - Benchmarking, cost of ownership, standardization SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 703 EP 704 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00103 ER PT B AU DaviesJones, R AF DaviesJones, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Formulas for the barotropic and baroclinic components of vorticity with applications to vortex formation near the ground SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP DaviesJones, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00006 ER PT J AU Bao, JW Neiman, PJ Shapiro, MA Smull, BF AF Bao, JW Neiman, PJ Shapiro, MA Smull, BF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Numerical simulations and observational validation of the structure of a precipitating maritime cold front: Impact of planetary-boundary-layer processes on frontogenesis SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Bao, JW (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00028 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Snyder, C Bishop, CH AF Ralph, FM Snyder, C Bishop, CH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Satellite observations, operational analyses, and numerical simulation of mesocyclones within cut-off synoptic-scale cyclones SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00042 ER PT J AU Persson, POG AF Persson, POG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Low-level potential vorticity anomalies generated by coastal topography: What is their significance? SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Persson, POG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,NOAA,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 135 EP 137 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00050 ER PT J AU Lewis, SA LeMone, MA Jorgensen, DP AF Lewis, SA LeMone, MA Jorgensen, DP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Examination of a TOGA COARE squall line in the late stage of evolution SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Lewis, SA (reprint author), NOAA,NSSL,NCMRD,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 158 EP 160 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00058 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Keller, TL Levinson, D Fedor, L AF Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Keller, TL Levinson, D Fedor, L GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Observations of the nonstationarity of trapped lee waves SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,MAIL CODE R-E-ET7,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 204 EP 206 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00075 ER PT B AU Smull, BF Matejka, TJ LeMone, MA AF Smull, BF Matejka, TJ LeMone, MA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Airflow trajectories within a slow-moving convective system observed during TOGA COARE SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Smull, BF (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,NOAA,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN,BOX 354235,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 289 EP 291 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00106 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, DP Smull, BF Lewis, S LeMone, MA AF Jorgensen, DP Smull, BF Lewis, S LeMone, MA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Structure and momentum fluxes of four TOGA-COARE convective systems observed by airborne Doppler radar SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Jorgensen, DP (reprint author), NOAA,NSSL,MAIL CODE N-C-MRD,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 295 EP 297 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00108 ER PT B AU Williams, CR Ecklund, WL Gage, KS Cifelli, R May, PT Glasson, K AF Williams, CR Ecklund, WL Gage, KS Cifelli, R May, PT Glasson, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Vertical air motions during convective and stratiform rain observed using VHF and UHF profilers at Darwin, Australia SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,CIRES,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00119 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ Gall, RL Andrus, DS Nordquist, MK AF Stensrud, DJ Gall, RL Andrus, DS Nordquist, MK GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Surges over the Gulf of California during the Mexican monsoon SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ERL,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00121 ER PT B AU Byrd, GP Ballentine, RJ Vizy, EK Schleede, DL AF Byrd, GP Ballentine, RJ Vizy, EK Schleede, DL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Simulation of the 4-5 January 1995 central New York lake-effect snowstorm using the Penn State NCAR (MM5) mesoscale model SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Byrd, GP (reprint author), UCAR,COMET,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Vizy, Edward/A-1577-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 410 EP 412 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00149 ER PT J AU Cram, JM AF Cram, JM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The importance of mesoscale analyses and terrain in successfully forecasting a mesoscale snowstorm: A case study. SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Cram, JM (reprint author), NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00153 ER PT J AU Grasso, LD Cotton, WR AF Grasso, LD Cotton, WR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Numerically simulated dry line in the Central Plains of the United States SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Grasso, LD (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NESDIS,RAMM BRANCH CIRA,NOAA,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 465 EP 467 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00169 ER PT J AU Vergara, JA Baer, F AF Vergara, JA Baer, F GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A numerical analysis of the multiples vortex in simulated tornadoes SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Vergara, JA (reprint author), ENVIRONM MODELING CTR,NCEP,NWS,5200 AUTH RD,RM 204,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00187 ER PT B AU Leetmaa, A AF Leetmaa, A GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Prediction with coupled GCMS SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL CTR ENVIRONM PREDICT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00015 ER PT J AU Xie, PP Arkin, PA AF Xie, PP Arkin, PA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Global monthly precipitation: A 7-year analysis using gauge observations, satellite estimates and model predictions SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR 800,WNMC,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00016 ER PT B AU Peterson, TC Easterling, DR Karl, TR AF Peterson, TC Easterling, DR Karl, TR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The role of urban warming in the global temperature signal SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00017 ER PT J AU Bates, JJ AF Bates, JJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Upper tropospheric water vapor observations for climate and global change SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE DIAGNOST CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00023 ER PT J AU Lubell, J Phillips, L AF Lubell, J Phillips, L GP GRAPH COMMUN ASSOC TI SGML application development: Tradeoffs and choices SO SGML '96 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - CELEBRATING A DECADE OF SGML LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SGML 96 Conference - Celebrating a Decade of SGML CY NOV 18-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Graph Commun Assoc AB Developing SGML applications involves making choices driven by end user requirements and by the availability and functionality of third party SGML parsers, authoring tools, search engines, browsers, and data converters. Capabilities of HTML and the World Wide Web should factor into these decisions as well if users are geographically dispersed or have diverse computing platforms. SGML application developers typically build some or all of the following components: a DTD; legacy data conversion fools; a DTD-tailored authoring environment; a document repository; browsing and searching interfaces; and tools for producing formatted output. For each component, we discuss design and implementation alternatives, the approach we decided to use in building our SGML environment for authoring and accessing STEP product data exchange standards, and our rationale for choosing that approach.(12) RP Lubell, J (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 100 DAINGERFIELD ROAD, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2888 PY 1996 BP 567 EP 578 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH31A UT WOS:A1996BH31A00060 ER PT S AU Rao, MV Gardner, J Holland, OW Kelner, G Ghezzo, M Simons, DS Chi, PH AF Rao, MV Gardner, J Holland, OW Kelner, G Ghezzo, M Simons, DS Chi, PH BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Al and N ion implantations in 6H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN AB Our results on elevated temperature Al- and N- implantation in 6H-SiC are reported. The range statistics of the ions at various energies, the thermal stability of the implant, the lattice perfection of the annealed material, the electrical activation of the implant, and the p-n junction characteristics are studied. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00127 ER PT B AU Bennett, HS AF Bennett, HS GP JAPAN SOC APPL PHYS TI Majority and minority mobilities in heavily doped gallium aluminum arsenide for device simulations SO SISPAD '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD 96) CY SEP 02-04, 1996 CL TOYO UNIV, HAKUSAN CAMPUS, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, Inst Electr Commun & Informat Engineers, IEEE, Electron Devices Tokyo Chapter HO TOYO UNIV, HAKUSAN CAMPUS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2745-4 PY 1996 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1109/SISPAD.1996.865246 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG48K UT WOS:A1996BG48K00002 ER PT B AU Garcia, HA Kiplinger, AL AF Garcia, HA Kiplinger, AL BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Low-temperature soft X-ray flares, spectrally hardening hard X-ray flares, and energetic interplanetary protons SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00011 ER PT B AU Bornmann, PL Heckman, G Hirman, J Speich, D Kunches, J Zwickl, R AF Bornmann, PL Heckman, G Hirman, J Speich, D Kunches, J Zwickl, R BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Modeling and predicting solar flares: What do the customers want? SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00016 ER PT B AU Smith, Z Odstrcil, D Vandas, M Fischer, S Pelant, P Dryer, M AF Smith, Z Odstrcil, D Vandas, M Fischer, S Pelant, P Dryer, M BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI The role of magnetic fields and the heliospheric current sheet in the interplanetary evolution of disturbances caused by solar drivers SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Vandas, Marek/G-9054-2014 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00039 ER PT B AU Singer, HJ AF Singer, HJ BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Near-space and terrestrial models: Current proxies and needs for physical inputs SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM CTR,RESE,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 410 EP 420 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00048 ER PT B AU Hildner, E AF Hildner, E BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Solar physics and space weather: A personal view SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 619 EP 626 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00074 ER PT S AU Pizzo, VJ AF Pizzo, VJ BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Global magnetic structure of the quasi-steady solar wind SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res C1 SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA. RP Pizzo, VJ (reprint author), NOAA,SEC,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00102 ER PT S AU Boudreaux, JC AF Boudreaux, JC BE Bourell, DL Beaman, JJ Marcus, HL Crawford, RH Barlow, JW TI An adaptive control architecture for freeform fabrication SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, SEPTEMBER 1996 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 12-14, 1996 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP ARPA, Minerals Met Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn HO UNIV TEXAS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boudreaux, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, Admin Room A621, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1996 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN63M UT WOS:000082420300058 ER PT J AU Graf, E AF Graf, E TI NIST, Sandia develop CD reference artifacts SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item RP Graf, E (reprint author), NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY OFFICE PI NASHUA PA TEN TARA BLVD 5TH FLOOR, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA TP345 UT WOS:A1996TP34500006 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Kohler, NE AF Natanson, LJ Kohler, NE TI A preliminary estimate of age and growth of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus from the South-West Indian Ocean, with comparisons to the western North Atlantic population SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE-SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR SEEWETENSKAP LA English DT Article AB Age and growth of the dusky shark Carcarhinus obscurus from the South-West Indian Ocean was determined from bands in the vertebrae of 42 individuals. Age to maturity was estimated at 20,5 years for males and between 17 and 24 years for females. The oldest fish examined was a 34-year-old female. The Von Bertalanffy parameters calculated for the sexes combined were: L-infinity = 334, K = 0,047 and t(o) = -5,18. The growth rate of dusky sharks from the South-West Indian Ocean was similar to that of the western North Atlantic population. C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEA FISHERIES RESEARCH INST DEPT ENVIRONMENT AFFAIRS PI CAPE TOWN PA PRIVATE BAG X2 ROGGE BAY 8012, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0257-7615 J9 S AFR J MARINE SCI JI South Afr. J. Mar. Sci.-Suid-Afr. Tydsk. Seewetens. PY 1996 VL 17 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V2946 UT WOS:000168876300020 ER PT B AU Howard, E Dittberner, G Kirkner, S AF Howard, E Dittberner, G Kirkner, S BE Casani, EK VanderDoes, MA TI Technology cooperation between NOAA and NASA in the new millennium program SO SPACE SCIENCECRAFT CONTROL AND TRACKING IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Sciencecraft Control and Tracking in the New Millennium CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE NOAA; NASA; GOES Satellites; New Millennium Program; technology infusion; trade on requirements; space program management; cost reduction C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2198-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2810 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.255152 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG61U UT WOS:A1996BG61U00005 ER PT B AU Sullivan, PJ Parks, RE Shao, LZ AF Sullivan, PJ Parks, RE Shao, LZ BE Gee, AE Houee, JF TI Stitching of equatorial profiles for extended spatial range assessment SO SPECIFICATION, PRODUCTION, AND TESTING OF OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Specification, Production, and Testing of Optical Components and Systems CY MAY 13-16, 1996 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP Corning France, Essilor Int, Glasgow Dev Agcy, Pilkington Optron, Scottish Enterprise, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Inst Phys C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2160-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2775 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.246795 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG32V UT WOS:A1996BG32V00007 ER PT B AU Robey, SW Henrich, VE Eylem, C Eichhorn, BW AF Robey, SW Henrich, VE Eylem, C Eichhorn, BW BE Bozovic, I vanderMarel, D TI Dependence of the photoelectron spectral function on hole doping in Nd1-xSrxTiO3 SO SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SUPERCONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B: PT A - INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTRA; PT B - TUNNELING, PHOTOELECTRON, AND OTHER SPECTRA SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spectroscopic Studies of Superconductors CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, USN, Off Naval Res, Varian Assoc Inc DE metals; insulator; electronic band structure; electron-electron interactions; photoelectron spectroscopy C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2070-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2696 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1117/12.241782 PN A&B PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG07T UT WOS:A1996BG07T00054 ER PT J AU Lehr, WJ AF Lehr, WJ TI Modeling the benzene inhalation hazard from spilled oil SO SPILL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE evaporation; benzene; oil spill model; spill clean-up AB Three different possible models for evaporation of benzene from an oil slick are examined. Each of these hypothesize a different control mechanism to restrict benzene release from the slick. The evaporation models, combined with an air dispersion model, provide airborne benzene estimates. Results are compared with experiments in Mobile Bay. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, HAZMAT, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lehr, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, HAZMAT, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-2561 J9 SPILL SCI TECHNOL B JI Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. PY 1996 VL 3 IS 4 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S1353-2561(97)00012-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA V2970 UT WOS:000169018300007 ER PT B AU Levenson, MS Bright, DS Sethuraman, J AF Levenson, MS Bright, DS Sethuraman, J BE Dougherty, ER Preteux, F Davidson, JL TI Adaptive smoothing of images with local weighted regression SO STATISTICAL AND STOCHASTIC METHODS FOR IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Statistical and Stochastic Methods for Image Processing CY AUG 04-05, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE enhancement; segmentation; polynomial; adaptive; convolution C1 NIST,STAT ENGN DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2211-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2823 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.253437 PG 15 WC Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Optics; Mathematics GA BG61R UT WOS:A1996BG61R00009 ER PT S AU Cuntz, M AF Cuntz, M BE Strassmeier, KG Linsky, JL TI Chromospheric heating in late-type stars: Evidence for magnetic and nonmagnetic surface structure SO STELLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 176th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union - Stellar Surface Structure CY OCT 09-13, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union ID LATE-TYPE GIANTS; COOL STARS; MASS-LOSS; K-GIANTS; X-RAY; ACOUSTIC ENERGY; DIVIDING LINES; EVOLVED STARS; ALPHA-TAURI; RED GIANTS AB The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent observational and theoretical results concerning the physics of chromospheric heating as inferred from IUE, HST-GHRS and ROSAT data. These results are discussed in conjunction with theoretical model calculations based on acoustic and magnetic heating to infer some conclusions about the magnetic and nonmagnetic surface structure of cool luminous stars. I find that most types of stars may exhibit both magnetic and nonmagnetic structures. Candidates for pure nonmagnetic surface structure include M-type giants and supergiants. M-type supergiants are also ideal candidates for identifying direct links between the appearance of hot spots on the stellar surface (perhaps caused by large convective bubbles) and temporarily increased chromospheric heating and emission. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Cuntz, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4026-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 176 BP 393 EP 402 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF97X UT WOS:A1996BF97X00036 ER PT B AU Gates, RS Hsu, SM AF Gates, RS Hsu, SM GP SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICAT ENGINEERS TI Silicon nitride boundary lubrication: Effect of phosphorus-containing organic compounds SO STLE 1996 ANNUAL MEETING, TECHNICAL PREPRINTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers 51st Annual Meeting CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE boundary lubrication; ceramics; friction; phosphate esters; surface films/coatings; wear and failure C1 NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068-2376 PY 1996 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF60F UT WOS:A1996BF60F00013 ER PT J AU Dobrow, RP AF Dobrow, RP TI The move-to-root rule for self-organizing trees with Markov dependent requests SO STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BINARY SEARCH-TREES AB The move-to-root (MTR) heuristic is a self-organizing rule which attempts to keep a binary search tree in near-optimal form. It is a tree analogue of the well-studied move-to-front (MTF) scheme. We study a Markov move-to-root (MMTR) model, where the sequence of record requests is a Markov chain, and analyze several characteristics of the tree chain, including the stationary distribution, eigenvalues, and stationary expected search cost. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0736-2994 J9 STOCH ANAL APPL JI Stoch. Anal. Appl. PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TV990 UT WOS:A1996TV99000005 ER PT S AU Ohring, G AF Ohring, G BE Bainum, PM May, GL Ohkami, Y Uesugi, K Faren, Q Furong, L TI Climatology from space SO STRENGTHENING COOPERATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Space Conference of Pacific Basin Societies on Strengthening Cooperation in the 21st-Century CY DEC 06-08, 1995 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Japanese Rocket Soc, Chinese Soc Astronaut C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,ORA,SATELLITE RES LAB,WWB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0065-3438 BN 0-87703-409-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1996 VL 91 BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF73F UT WOS:A1996BF73F00046 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Wagner, CA Kostelecky, J AF Klokocnik, J Wagner, CA Kostelecky, J TI Accuracy assessments of recent Earth gravity models using crossover altimetry SO STUDIA GEOPHYSICA ET GEODAETICA LA English DT Article DE satellite dynamics; satellite (crossover) altimetry; Earth gravity field models; tests of accuracy AB The calibrated variance-covariance matrices of the harmonic geopotential coefficients of the recent combined model JGM 2 has been tested and verified by independent crossover altimetry from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS 1 using the Latitude Lumped Coefficients in the southern oceans area. Although orbits are not yet available for these missions with other recent models for which error matrices have been released, by comparison with JGM 2 results and field differences we also confirm that the error matrices for the satellite model GRIM 4S4p and the combined data model JGM 3 are also generally valid. Projections of these matrices for a variety of inclinations show that many unused orbits of even moderate altitude (approximate to 800 km) will still yield trajectory crossover errors al a level of many lens of centimeters even with the latest orbit-geopotential models. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), NOAA,CODE N-OES 11,BLDG SSMC-4,1305 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0039-3169 J9 STUD GEOPHYS GEOD JI Studia Geophys. Geod. PY 1996 VL 40 IS 1 BP 77 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF02295906 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TW004 UT WOS:A1996TW00400007 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW Julienne, PS Band, YB AF Bryant, GW Julienne, PS Band, YB TI Exciton trapping, binding and diamagnetic shift in T-shaped quantum wires SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB We determine the exciton states of T-shaped quantum wires. We use anisotropic effective-mass models to describe the electron and hole states. Pair correlation along the wire axis and in the lateral directions is included. We accurately model the measured redshifts between exciton photoluminescence in quantum wells and T-shaped wires. This redshift arises from enhanced exciton binding and the difference between well and wire confinement energy. We predict a large enhancement of binding energy only when lateral correlation is included, indicating that T-shaped wires are quasi rather than quantum 1D wires. We calculate exciton shapes and diamagnetic shifts to determine how the exciton is distorted when confined in a T-wire. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT PHYS,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST,ATOM PHYS DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0121 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA VW952 UT WOS:A1996VW95200024 ER PT S AU Wallace, WE Wu, WL AF Wallace, WE Wu, WL BE Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC Wang, KL Christou, A TI Determining thin film density by energy-dispersive x-ray reflectivity: Application to a spin-on-glass dielectric SO SURFACE/INTERFACE AND STRESS EFFECTS IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS NANOSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface/Interface and Stress Effects in Electronic Material Nanostructures, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-308-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 405 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BG31L UT WOS:A1996BG31L00055 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW Julienne, PS Band, YB AF Bryant, GW Julienne, PS Band, YB TI Excitons in complex quantum nanostructures SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of 2-Dimensional Systems (EP2DS XI) CY AUG 07-11, 1995 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Commiss European Communities, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, UK, Hitachi Ltd, Japan, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Japan, Sharp Corp, Japan, Toshiba Corp, Japan, USA, European Res Off, USN, Off Naval Res, Hitachi Cambridge Lab, Sharp Labs Europe, Toshiba Cambridge Res Ctr Ltd, Oxford Instruments Ltd, UK, Cryogenic Ltd HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM DE quantum wells; quantum wire nanostructuring; semiconductor-semiconductor heterostructures; semi-empirical models and model calculations ID CDS/HGS/CDS AB A theory for excitons in complex quantum nanostructures with complicated geometries and strong coupling between nanostructures is presented. Effective mass models with screened Coulomb interaction give reasonable ground-state energies for excitons in T-shaped quantum wires, coupled T-quantum wires and quantum dot quantum wells, provided the effects of complex geometry are included. A sizable shift between exciton states in quantum wells and T-shaped wires occurs due to a 40% enhancement in binding energy, confinement in the wire, and significant interwire coupling. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV, DEPT CHEM, BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV, DEPT PHYS, IL-84105 BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PY 1996 VL 361 IS 1-3 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00537-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA UZ033 UT WOS:A1996UZ03300190 ER PT B AU Brodeur, RD Bailey, KM AF Brodeur, RD Bailey, KM BE Watanabe, Y Yamashita, Y Oozeki, Y TI Predation on the early life stages of marine fish: A case study on walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska SO SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN EARLY LIFE STAGES OF MARINE RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Survival Strategies in Early Life Stages of Marine Resources CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Res Council Secretariat, Japan C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SEATTLE,WA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-637-9 PY 1996 BP 245 EP 259 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BE91Z UT WOS:A1996BE91Z00019 ER PT B AU Brooks, CL AF Brooks, CL BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI State perspective in coastal zone management SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab RP Brooks, CL (reprint author), S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,OFF OCEAN & COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,4130 FABER PL,CHARLESTON,SC 29405, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00003 ER PT B AU Hoss, DE Engel, DW AF Hoss, DE Engel, DW BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI Sustainable development in the southeastern coastal zone: Environmental impacts on fisheries SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB Coastal zone development is increasing at an alarming rate, with adverse affects on our fisheries resources. If we are to conserve the habitat that makes the coastal zone valuable for these fisheries, immediate steps must be taken. In this paper we discuss the various types of impacts that can result from inappropriate development and land use practices. We suggest that to correct these situations it is essential to 1) coordinate and enforce municipal, county, and state land use plans; 2) demonstrate to the public the importance of coastal wetland habitat to fisheries; 3) support local, state, and federal efforts to limit nonpoint-source runoff; 4) encourage the prudent and safe use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers; and 5) reinforce the concept that people are the source of the fishing, pollution, and habitat degradation problems, and that each of us must be environmentally responsible. RP Hoss, DE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00012 ER PT B AU Long, ER AF Long, ER BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI The use of biological measures in assessments of toxicants in the coastal zone SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB Potentially toxic substances occur throughout many estuaries in different mixtures and in varying concentrations. Although the concentrations of these substances can be compared with available criteria or guidelines, direct measures of adverse biological effects are needed to assess the significance of chemical contamination. As a part of its National Status and Trends Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducts intensive regional assessments of the biological effects of toxicants, which include analyses of sediments, bivalve molluscs, and demersal fish. These measures are used to estimate the spatial patterns and extent of toxicity, the prevalence and severity of biological impacts, and the relationships between the measures of effects and the concentrations of chemicals within each survey area. Also, these data are used to compare the severity and magnitude of impacts among survey areas nationwide. The tests and data from selected areas are presented to illustrate the use of biological measures in toxicant assessment, and the kinds of results and their use by NOAA. RP Long, ER (reprint author), NOAA,ORCA,BIN C15700,7600 SAND PT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 187 EP 219 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00013 ER PT B AU Fortner, AR Sanders, M Lemire, SW AF Fortner, AR Sanders, M Lemire, SW BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and trace metal burdens in sediment and the oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, from two high-salinity estuaries in South Carolina SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB The southeast coast of the United States has experienced an extraordinarily high rate of urban development in recent years. Although previous studies (Hungspreugs et al. 1984; Merrill and Wade 1985; Martel et al. 1986; Bryan et al. 1987; Paulson et al. 1989) have examined environmental impacts in heavily developed, industrialized riverine estuaries, little is known concerning the potential effects of moderate urbanization (i.e., housing and service industries), without concurrent industrialization, on small nonriverine estuaries. The two estuaries selected for study were Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, an urbanized estuary, and North Inlet, South Carolina, which is largely pristine. Levels of selected PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) and trace metals in sediment and oysters are compared between estuaries and within each estuary. Stations were grouped according to the level of urban development within estuaries and statistically analyzed. Examination of results indicated considerable variation in total PAHs and trace metals for stations within each estuary, with as much as an 180-fold difference. When comparing estuaries, average total PAHs in sediment and oysters from Murrells Inlet were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher than those from North Inlet; this was also the case for the average total trace metal concentrations in oysters. However, total trace metal levels in sediment were significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) at North Inlet. Analysis of the data from both sites relative to the degree of urban development indicated significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) levels of PAHs in sediment and of PAHs and metals in oysters in the most urbanized areas of Murrells Inlet. Total trace metals in sediment were similar for both urbanized and relatively pristine stations at Murrells Inlet and North Inlet, suggesting that trace metals per se were an inadequate indicator of urban stress. At North Inlet, only metals in oysters were significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) at developed versus undeveloped stations. This study suggests increased urbanization in an estuary like Murrells Inlet results in higher levels of certain chemical contaminants. RP Fortner, AR (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,CHARLESTON LAB,219 FT JOHNSON RD,CHARLESTON,SC 29412, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 445 EP 475 PG 31 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00023 ER PT B AU Fulton, MH Chandler, GT Scott, GI AF Fulton, MH Chandler, GT Scott, GI BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI Urbanization effects on the fauna of a southeastern USA bar-built estuary SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB Studies from estuaries throughout the United States indicate that urbanization may result in significant runoff of pesticides, fertilizers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and trace metals from lawns, road surfaces, parking lots, junkyards, and dumps. Additionally, activities associated with urbanization (dredging, road construction, and bulkheading) lead to physical modifications of the estuarine habitat. The goal of this study was to use a variety of toxicological and ecological research techniques to evaluate the impacts of urbanization on an estuary (Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA) with solely urban influences. An unimpacted estuary (North Inlet, South Carolina, USA) was used for comparative purposes. The results of this study have indicated the following: 1) no site-related effects on the survival of grass shrimp and mummichogs deployed in in situ bioassays; 2) more static physicochemical environmental conditions at the urbanized, Murrells Inlet site; 3) increased bioaccumulation of PAHs in oysters deployed at the urbanized site; 4) negative effects on growth in juvenile sheepshead minnows deployed at the urbanized site; 5) reduced molting efficiency in copepods exposed to sediments from the urbanized site, and 6) reduced numbers of grass shrimp in a tidal creek at the urbanized site. The environmental effects observed in this study were most probably the result of the combined effects of physical habitat modification and increased chemical contaminant loading. Additional work is needed to better define the contribution of each of these factors to the observed effects. RP Fulton, MH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,CHARLESTON LAB,219 FT JOHNSON RD,CHARLESTON,SC 29412, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 477 EP 504 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00024 ER PT B AU Scavia, D Boyles, R Sheifer, IC AF Scavia, D Boyles, R Sheifer, IC BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI Achieving sustainable development in the southeastern coastal zone: Roundtable discussion of science in support of resource management SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab AB At the conclusion of the symposium, a discussion was held to focus on the current status and trends of coastal resources and on what actions are likely to be needed to achieve sustainable development in the coastal zone. This paper summarizes that discussion. Comments underscored the fact that while other regions of the country have experienced significant degradation of estuaries and other coastal resources, the resources of the Southeastern coastal zone appear to be at a crossroads. Although unambiguous signs of significant degradation are not evident, there is a growing consensus that resources are at risk and, unless new approaches are begun soon, the prospects for sustaining healthy ecosystems and economies will diminish. To bring about sustainable development, there was agreement that natural, social, and economic systems must be managed in an integrated fashion. RP Scavia, D (reprint author), NOAA,COASTAL OCEAN OFF,1315 EW HIGHWAY,STA 15140,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00025 ER PT B AU Sindermann, CJ AF Sindermann, CJ BE Vernberg, FJ Vernberg, WB Siewicki, T TI Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone: A summary SO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL ZONE SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone CY MAR 02-05, 1993 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SC SP NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Univ S Carolina Sch Public Hlth, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston Lab RP Sindermann, CJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,OXFORD,MD 21654, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 BN 1-57003-198-3 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 1996 IS 20 BP 509 EP 515 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BH57Y UT WOS:A1996BH57Y00026 ER PT J AU Hooke, WH AF Hooke, WH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Disaster reduction issues highlighted by the heat wave SO SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41P UT WOS:A1996BF41P00010 ER PT J AU McGuirk, M Dengo, CA Kootval, H AF McGuirk, M Dengo, CA Kootval, H GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Applications of meteorology and hydrology to United Nations humanitarian assistance SO SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,OFF ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41P UT WOS:A1996BF41P00012 ER PT J AU Long, CS Miller, AJ Lee, HT Wild, JD AF Long, CS Miller, AJ Lee, HT Wild, JD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Credibility of the UV indices issued by the National Weather Service SO SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA,NWS,NCEP,CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41P UT WOS:A1996BF41P00025 ER PT B AU Weissmuller, J AF Weissmuller, J BE Bourell, DL TI Nanocrystalline materials - An overview SO SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Processing of Nanocrystalline Powder, at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Powder Met Comm, Federat European Mat Soc C1 NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Weissmuller, Jorg/C-3967-2009 OI Weissmuller, Jorg/0000-0002-8958-4414 NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-315-5 PY 1996 BP 3 EP 19 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG03C UT WOS:A1996BG03C00001 ER PT J AU Evans, CJ AF Evans, CJ TI The precision makers: A history of the instruments industry in Britain and France, 1870-1939 - Williams,MEW SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Evans, CJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,US NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 188 EP 190 DI 10.2307/3107220 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA UX906 UT WOS:A1996UX90600022 ER PT J AU Schwartz, LH Glotzer, SC Hall, DE Roosen, AR Warren, JA AF Schwartz, LH Glotzer, SC Hall, DE Roosen, AR Warren, JA TI Materials science in the information age SO TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The explosive growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web is revolutionizing society by making information accessible in new ways to people in all corners of the world. In scientific research, these advances in information technology have led to new methods of collaboration that overcome geographic limitations and allow researchers to exchange information in ways that were not previously possible. Materials researchers in particular now easily work with each other in remote collaborations, sharing videos sound, graphics, and text with colleagues on the World Wide Web. Moreover, recent gains in computing power and corresponding reductions in cost have led to the widespread use of computational techniques to solve materials research problems, allowing researchers to predict materials properties and behavior over the entire range of length scales of interest from atomic interactions to bulk materials properties. New ''virtual'' organizations have been created in the US to provide an infrastructure and support to researchers who are using new communication and computational tools in a variety of disciplines. We will describe the recent advances in information technology that are driving the revolution in materials research in particular and discuss how virtual, electronically-connected organizations that bring together materials researchers with diverse talents in international, multilateral collaborations will change the paradigm of science research beyond the year 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR THEORET & COMPUTAT MAT SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF INTELLIGENT PROC MAT,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Schwartz, LH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV MET,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-791X J9 TECHNOL SOC JI Technol. Soc. PY 1996 VL 18 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0160-791X(96)00010-3 PG 14 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VF875 UT WOS:A1996VF87500006 ER PT J AU Nakamura, H AF Nakamura, H TI Year-to-year and interdecadal variability in the activity of intraseasonal fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Global Change in Asia and Pacific Regions CY AUG 08-10, 1994 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Geosphere Biosphere Program, Chinese Natl Comm, Pacific Sci Assoc, Chinese Natl Comm, World Climate Res Program, Chinese Natl Comm ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HEIGHT ANOMALIES; SST ANOMALIES; STORM TRACKS; TIME SCALES; PATTERNS; ATLANTIC AB Interannual variability in the activity of fluctuations with subseasonal time scales is investigated based upon observed data of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere circulation over the recent 38 winters. Their activity is represented in the root mean square (RMS) field of filtered geopotential height in which the fluctuations with time scales between 10 days and a season are retained. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the covariance matrix between the seasonal mean and RMS fields for the 500-hPa height. The leading SVD mode for the north Pacific represents the strong relationship between the polarity of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern in the seasonal-mean anomalies and the amplitude of a meridionally-oriented dipole-like oscillation within the season. It tends to be more active when the seasonal-mean jet stream is strongly diffluent over the central Pacific than when the jet is extended zonally across the Pacific. The leading SVD mode for the north Atlantic is indicative of stronger intraseasonal fluctuations near Greenland in the presence of anticyclonic seasonal-mean anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAG). The intraseasonal variability in the extratropics is strongly correlated with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and that in the north Pacific also exhibits significant but rather weak correlation with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific. The activity of the atmospheric intraseasonal fluctuations is found to be modulated in accordance with interdecadal variability in the seasonal-mean circulation and SST. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF00864700 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WA755 UT WOS:A1996WA75500003 ER PT B AU Simmons, JA AF Simmons, JA BE MoranLopez, JL Sanchez, JM TI On the superposition of probabilities SO THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF THE CLUSTER VARIATION AND PATH PROBABILITY METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Theory and Applications of the Cluster Variation and Path Probability Methods CY JUN 19-23, 1995 CL SAN JUAN TEOTIHUACAN, MEXICO C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45461-0 PY 1996 BP 387 EP 420 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mathematics GA BG45N UT WOS:A1996BG45N00023 ER PT B AU Pei, P Kelly, J Malghan, S Dapkunas, S AF Pei, P Kelly, J Malghan, S Dapkunas, S BE Berndt, CC TI Analysis of zirconia powder for thermal spray: Reference material for particle size distribution measurement SO THERMAL SPRAY: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th National Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Int, Thermal Spray Soc AB The thermal spray industry identified the need for repeatable and reproducible feedstock powder characterization methods, especially particle size distribution (PSD), for cost effective manufacturing of thermal barrier coatings. The PSD measurement by a laser light scattering method was identified as the technique most widely used in the industry. This technique offers high resolution, rapid measurements and ease of use. A round robin study by nine laboratories using different models of a commercial light scattering instrument has been completed as the first step towards the development of a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for the calibration of light scattering instrument. Other measurement techniques were also employed for additional comparison. The PSD measurements employing light scattering techniques evidenced some method dependence, despite the use of identical sample preparation procedures. The round robin results will serve as reference values for the development of the SRM. RP Pei, P (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-583-4 PY 1996 BP 263 EP 273 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG89J UT WOS:A1996BG89J00038 ER PT B AU Ilavsky, J Long, GG Allen, AJ Herman, H Berndt, CC AF Ilavsky, J Long, GG Allen, AJ Herman, H Berndt, CC BE Berndt, CC TI The effect of spray distance and chemistry on pore and crack development in plasma sprayed ceramic deposits SO THERMAL SPRAY: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th National Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Int, Thermal Spray Soc AB The porous microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits prepared from gray-alumina feedstock and from two different yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) feedstocks were studied as a function of spray distance. For each material, the behavior of the two major void systems-intralamellar cracks and interlamellar pores-was investigated. The results offer the first proof that the quantity and the character of the porosity in these materials can be controlled independently by selecting the appropriate processing protocols. RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-583-4 PY 1996 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG89J UT WOS:A1996BG89J00098 ER PT S AU Cahn, JW AF Cahn, JW BE Im, JS Park, B Greer, AL Stephenson, GB TI The time cone method for nucleation and growth kinetics on a finite domain SO THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium C on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011 NR 0 TC 56 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-301-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 398 BP 425 EP 437 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BG31K UT WOS:A1996BG31K00063 ER PT S AU Speiser, TW Martin, RF Sckopke, N AF Speiser, TW Martin, RF Sckopke, N BE Buchner, J TI Bursty bulk flows, the geomagnetic tail current sheet, and substorm timing SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on the 3-Dimensional Magnetosphere, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-12, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Deut Agentur Fuer Raumfahrt Angelegenheiten ID PLASMA SHEET AB Individual flow bursts in a bursty bulk flow event observed by the AMPTE/IRM satellite at R = (-12, -3, 1) R(e), have been modelled by following large numbers of single particle orbits in a model of the geomagnetic tail current sheet containing both B-z and B-y components and a near-Earth neutral line. A flow burst modelled in the central plasma sheet, just after a substorm onset, implied there was a near-Earth neutral line 1 to 1(1/2) R(e) tailward of the satellite. An earlier flow burst at the plasma sheet edge, 1-2 minutes before the substorm onset, implied that at this earlier time the neutral line was already formed and closer to the satellite. To match the centroid of the observations, it was necessary that the source population was strongly earthward and duskward flowing, probably originating from the distant current sheet, and that there must have been a relatively large \B-y\ component. With such a B-y component, it is interesting that a secondary feature of the observed distribution can also be explained qualitatively. During the time that we see the need for a strong earthward flow from a distant source, ground measurements indicate a significant increase in magnetospheric convection. A model with weak but non-reversing B-z reproduces some of the observed distribution function features, but not all of them, as well as the neutral line model. C1 NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NORMAL, IL 61790 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, W-8046 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP Speiser, TW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, CAMPUS BOX 391, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042674-3 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 8 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)01000-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE73F UT WOS:A1995BE73F00012 ER PT S AU Fennell, J Roeder, J Spence, H Singer, H Korth, A Grandes, M Vampola, A AF Fennell, J Roeder, J Spence, H Singer, H Korth, A Grandes, M Vampola, A BE Buchner, J TI CRRES observations of particle flux dropout events SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on the 3-Dimensional Magnetosphere, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-12, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Deut Agentur Fuer Raumfahrt Angelegenheiten ID SPACECRAFT; ELECTRON AB The complete disappearance of energetic electrons was observed by CRRES in the near geosynchronous region in 7.5% of the orbits examined, These total flux dropouts were defined by the fluxes rapidly dropping to levels below the sensitivity of the MEA energetic electron spectrometer on the CRRES satellite, They were separated into those that were only energetic electron dropouts and those that were associated with energetic ion and plasma dropouts. Approximately 20% of the events showed dropouts of all particle fluxes, and these were usually coincident with large increases in the local magnetic intensity and signatures of strong current systems, The energetic particle instruments and magnetometer on CRRES provide a detailed picture of the particle and field responses to these unusual conditions, Both the local morning and dusk events were associated with strong azimuthal (eastward) and radial changes in the magnetic field indicative of a strong current system approaching and sometimes crossing the CRRES position at the time of the flux dropouts, The direction of the field changes and the details of particle observations are consistent with CRRES passing through the plasma sheet boundary layer and entering the tail lobe for a significant number of the events. C1 BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NOAA, RESE, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. MAX PLANCK INST AERON, LINDAU, GERMANY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON NATL LAB, CHILTON, OXON, ENGLAND. RP Fennell, J (reprint author), AEROSP CORP, POB 92957, LOS ANGELES, CA 90009 USA. RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042674-3 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 8 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00991-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE73F UT WOS:A1995BE73F00032 ER PT S AU Vagina, LI Sergeev, VA Baker, DN Singer, HJ AF Vagina, LI Sergeev, VA Baker, DN Singer, HJ BE Buchner, J TI Use of mid-latitude magnetic data for modelling and diagnostics of magnetospheric substorms SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on the 3-Dimensional Magnetosphere, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-12, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Deut Agentur Fuer Raumfahrt Angelegenheiten ID FIELD AB An inversion algorithm based on mid-latitude magnetic data has been developed for estimation of the intensity and longitudinal distribution of the substorm current wedge (SCW), partial ring current (DRP) and symmetric Ring Current (DR) during substorms. Here we summarize some past results of testing this algorithm and show how the longitudinal range of the SCW corresponds to the dipolarizations and particle injections observed at geostationary orbit. We conclude that in its present form the inversion algorithm is capable of obtaining the intensity as well as the longitudinal boundaries of the substorm current wedge (in the latter case with an accuracy better than 0.5 h MLT). C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, RSE, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP Vagina, LI (reprint author), ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIV, INST PHYS, ST PETERSBURG 198904, RUSSIA. RI Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042674-3 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 8 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00987-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE73F UT WOS:A1995BE73F00033 ER PT J AU Baldocchi, DD Vogel, CA AF Baldocchi, DD Vogel, CA TI Energy and CO2 flux densities above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal pine forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Traveling Workshop on Interactive Environmental Effects on Forest Stands CY JAN 27-FEB 07, 1995 CL NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE boreal forests; carbon balance; ecophysiology; evaporation; micrometeorology; temperate forests ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; TROPICAL FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; BALANCE AB Fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy were measured above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiania Lamb.) forest by the eddy covariance method. The aim of the work was to examine differences between the biological and physical processes that control the fluxes of mass and energy over these disparate forest stand types. Carbon and latent heat flux (LE) densities over the temperate broad-leaved forest were about three times larger than those observed over the boreal forest. Available energy was the key variable modulating LE over the temperate broad-leaved forest, whereas LE over the boreal jack pine stand was sensitive to variations in water vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) and available energy It was also noted that VPDs had different impacts on transpiration rates of the two forest stands. Increasing VPDs forced a negative feedback on jack pine transpiration, whereas transpiration rates of the well-watered broadleaved forest responded favorably to increasing VPDs. Carbon dioxide flux densities over the broad-leaved forest stand were more sensitive to changes in absorbed photosynthetic photon flux density than those over the boreal forest. The efficiency of CO2 uptake over the jack pine stand was reduced, in part, because the low leaf area of the stand caused a sizable fraction of available quanta to be absorbed by nonphotosynthetic organs, such as limbs and trunks. Over both forest stands, variations in photosynthetic photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (Q(p)) explained only 50 to 60% of the variance of CO2 exchange rates. Consequently, caution should be exercised when scaling carbon fluxes to regional scales based on unmodified, satellite-derived indices. The more open nature of the boreal jack pine forest caused water vapor, CO2 and heat fluxes at the forest floor to be a significant component of whole canopy mass and energy exchange rates. About 20 to 30% of net canopy mass and energy exchange occurred at the forest floor. Much smaller rates of mass and energy exchange occurred under the temperate broad-leaved forest. RP Baldocchi, DD (reprint author), NOAA,ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS DIV,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 50 TC 157 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 15 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 16 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TT024 UT WOS:A1996TT02400003 ER PT B AU Siewert, TA AF Siewert, TA BE Smartt, HB Johnson, JA David, SA TI Advances in welding processes: A user's view of welding power sources SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 05-08, 1995 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP ASM Int, Amer Welding Soc C1 NIST,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-567-2 PY 1996 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG22Y UT WOS:A1996BG22Y00043 ER PT J AU Ying, TN Hsu, SM AF Ying, TN Hsu, SM TI Asperity-asperity friction as measured by a two-ball collision apparatus SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 14-19, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE friction; wear; contact of rough surfaces ID SURFACES; WEDGE AB Wear of materials is controlled by the contact mechanics and the response of material to stresses as influenced by the interfacial temperatures. The contact mechanics describes the geometry and the way that asperity-to-asperity collision takes place, It also describes the stresses imposed by the asperities under sliding motion. Since the asperities are of uneven height, the stresses imposed by different pairs of asperities necessarily are unequal. When two surfaces come together, there is a distribution of the contact stresses. Therefore, in a wear experiment, the authors measure friction by measuring the cumulative average of the frictional force at a particular moment, and the authors measure wear by measuring the cumulative sum of all the material removed by the collision process over the duration of the experiment. The individual asperity pair contact mechanics is important in the authors' understanding of the wear process. Critical data such as asperity friction when a single wear event takes place is lacking. The deformation process of a single asperity pair under sliding motion is crucial in our effort to predict wear. This paper describes the design and construction of a two-ball asperity collision simulator and presents the data on asperity friction associated with a single wear event. RP Ying, TN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI yang, lin/G-6662-2011 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1080/10402009608983499 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA TQ202 UT WOS:A1996TQ20200004 ER PT J AU Sun, JX Hsu, SM Han, CC Wang, PU AF Sun, JX Hsu, SM Han, CC Wang, PU TI The aggregation phenomena of a calcium sulfonate additive in hydrocarbon media by dynamic light scattering SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 14-19, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers ID IONIC SURFACTANTS; SOLVENT POLARITY; MICELLIZATION AB The aggregation phenomena of a calcium sulfonate additive In several hydrodynamic solvents was studied by dynamic light scattering. The Stokes-Einstein equation was used to calculate the average hydrocarbon radii. The aggregate size of calcium sulfonate in hexadecane was found to increase moderately with increasing concentrations. No critical micellar concentration was observed at even concentrations as low as 0.2 millimole/liter. Within the temperature range studied, 15.8 degrees-47.1 degrees C, the aggregate size decreased moderately as the temperature increased. Hexane, heptane, nonane, dodecane, 1-heptene, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanone, and heptanoic acid were used to study the effect of the solvent. A solvent with a longer chain length tended to result in a smaller aggregate size. The polarity of the solvent also had a critical effect on the aggregate size. The results were discussed by using a thermodynamic model for the aggregation of amphiphiles in nonaqueous solvents. RP Sun, JX (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 838 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1080/10402009608983501 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA TQ202 UT WOS:A1996TQ20200006 ER PT B AU Everest, DA Shaddix, CR Smyth, KC AF Everest, DA Shaddix, CR Smyth, KC BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Quantitative two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of CO in flickering CH4/air diffusion flames SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID ENHANCED SOOT PRODUCTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COMBUSTION GASES; LAMINAR; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; PROFILES AB One-dimensional fluorescence imaging measurements of CO concentrations have been made in steady and flickering axisymmetric, methane/air diffusion flames burning at atmospheric pressure. These experiments extend fluorescence detection of CO to flames that contain significant soot volume fractions, approximately 1-2 x 10(-6). Our aim is to quantify changes in the CO levels that occur for flickering conditions, where increased soot production and subsequent oxidation may have important effects. The Q branch (0,0) band of the B(1)Sigma(+) <- <- X(1)Sigma(+) transition was excited near 230 nm in a two-photon process, and the B(1)Sigma(+) -> A(1)II (0,1) band fluorescence was detected at 483.5 nm. Quenching-independent data were obtained, and interferences from broadband molecular fluorescence and soot incandescence were accounted for by subtracting profiles measured for excitation at a nearby, nonresonant wavelength. Maximum CO concentrations are found to be approximately equal in the steady and flickering flames burning with the same fuel flow rate. For the flickering flames, the greater radial extent of the burning flamelet following clip-off yields approximately 50-65% larger volume-integrated CO levers. Overall, this increase in CO production is modest compared to the factor of 4 enhancement observed in the time-averaged, volume-integrated, soot volume fraction, indicating that soot oxidation does not appear to appreciably impact CO levers in these methane flames. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Everest, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1161 EP 1169 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500138 ER PT B AU Pitts, WM AF Pitts, WM BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Thin-filament pyrometry in flickering laminar diffusion flames SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID ENHANCED SOOT PRODUCTION AB This paper describes an experimental system for thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) in acoustically phase locked flickering laminar methane/air diffusion flames. The physical basis of the technique is discussed. The experiment utilizes a 15-mu m beta-SiC fiber, which is simultaneously imaged at 540 points over a length of 27.5 mm using a cooled CCD camera. This arrangement provides measurements over a 1200-2100-K temperature range hating a spatial resolution of similar to 100 mu m, a temporal resolution of 1.5 ms, and a precision of 1.5 +/- 1.0 K for temperatures on the order of 2000 K. The TFP is calibrated assuming that the strongest filament emission at a height 7 mm above the burner for a steads laminar flame corresponds to a temperature of 2000 K. Temperatures at different positions along the filament are then determined by recording relative emission intensities and assuming that the filament acts as a gray-body emitter. Measured filament temperature profiles are found to be in good agreement with earlier radiation-corrected thermocouple results by Richardson and Santoro for the same steady laminar flame. The calibrated TFP is then used to make filament temperature measurements at various heights and phases of a previously studied flickering flame entering a low-velocity air flow. The use of a two-dimensional CCD allows a baseline to be determined, and measurements can be made in the presence of background luminosity; which is observed in sooting regions. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, measurements are discussed for various heights above the burner and phases of the flickering flame. The need for an extremely well-characterized flame for calibrating TFP is discussed. Knowledge of flow velocities and molecular composition in both the calibration and flickering flames is required to improve the accuracy of flame temperature measurements using TFP. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1171 EP 1179 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500139 ER PT B AU Kashiwagi, T McGrattan, KB Olson, SL Fujita, O Kikuchi, M Ito, K AF Kashiwagi, T McGrattan, KB Olson, SL Fujita, O Kikuchi, M Ito, K BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Effects of slow wind on localized radiative ignition and transition to flame spread in microgravity SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania AB An experimental and numerical investigation of ignition and the subsequent transition to flame spread over a thermally thin cellulosic sample is described. The experiments were conducted using a lamp as an external radian; source in a 50% oxygen atmosphere at three different wind velocities of 0, 2, and 5 cm/s in a 10 s drop tower. The results show that there are no significant effects of the slow wind on the ignition-delay time. Photographic sequences of both the experiments and the calculations show that the wind increases the flame propagation speed in the upwind direction, while decreasing it in the downstream direction. The downstream flame fails the transition to flame spread and becomes a tail of the upstream flame. The downstream char front propagates much slower than that for the upstream direction. Three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are used to simulate the experiments. Three global degradation reactions describe the pyrolysis of the sample paper, and one gasphase reaction describes the combustion of the fuel gases. The model results reflect the qualitative features of the experiments and also are in reasonable quantitative agreement, given the uncertainty of the gasphase reaction mechanism. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1345 EP 1352 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500159 ER PT B AU Noto, T Babushok, V Burgess, DR Hamins, A Tsang, W Miziolek, A AF Noto, T Babushok, V Burgess, DR Hamins, A Tsang, W Miziolek, A BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Effect of halogenated flame inhibitors on C-1-C-2 organic flames SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM AB The influence of CF3Br, CF3I, CF4, CHF3, C2F6, and C2HF5 on laminar flame propagation in mixtures of CH4, CH3OH, C2H6, and C2H4 with air has been determined by numerical simulations. Comparisons are made with experimental results and earlier calculations. Flame velocities as a function of inhibitor concentration and equivalence ratio have been determined. For all the organic fuels, the ranking of inhibitor efficiency is CF3Br, CF3I > C2F6 > C2HF5 > CHF3 > CF4. The bromine and iodine compounds are clearly the most efficient flame suppressants. They are of equal effectiveness except in methanol, where CF,I is superior. The retardants are more effective for rich mixtures than for lean. With l% inhibitor concentration, the decrease in burning velocity is most pronounced for unsaturated fuels. The general ordering is consistent with calculational results on flame thickness and radical concentrations. Reaction pathway analysis demonstrates the importance of the regeneration of reactive reactive scavengers. Relative contributions from physical and chemical effects are estimated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Noto, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1377 EP 1383 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500163 ER PT B AU Smyth, KC Everest, DA AF Smyth, KC Everest, DA BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI The effect of CF3I compared to CF3Br on OH center dot and soot concentrations in co-flowing propane/air diffusion flames SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; LAMINAR METHANE-AIR; QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VOLUME FRACTION; INHIBITION; PROFILES AB The recent halt in the production of CF3Br because of its deleterious effect on stratospheric ozone levels has intensified the search for new suppressants with comparable properties. In contrast to most proposed alternatives, earlier investigations of CF3I have reported excellent extinction efficiencies, sometimes superior to CF3Br on a molar basis. These findings have spurred an interest in elucidating more clearly the chemical effects produced by iodine-containing suppressants. In the present study, OH and soot concentrations have been measured using fluorescence imaging and laser-induced incandescence methods, respectively in a co-flowing, axisymmetric, atmospheric-pressure propane/air diffusion flame inhibited by CF3Br and CF3I. In addition, broadband molecular fluorescence (attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) has been monitored, and peak temperatures have been measured using two-line OH laser-induced fluorescence. Overall, the two suppressants behave similarly when added to both the air and fuel streams, with the most notable exception being the greater enhancement of soot production for CF3Br addition at subextinction concentrations. CF3I is found to be slightly superior to CF3Br under our erpelimental conditions in terms of (1) requiring smaller mole fraction concentrations at extinction and (2) producing less within-flame soot. The reductions in the OH concentrations with agent additions are essentially the same for CF3I and CF3Br. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smyth, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1385 EP 1393 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500164 ER PT B AU Hamins, A Presser, C Melton, L AF Hamins, A Presser, C Melton, L BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Suppression of a baffle-stabilized spray flame by halogenated agents SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; EXTINCTION AB A series of experiments was conducted on baffle-stabilized spray flames in an effort to provide an improved understanding of the influence of various parameters on the processes controlling flame suppression. Measurements were made of the agent mass required to suppress the spray flames as a function of the agent injection duration (which was designed to deliver a constant mass flow of agent to the burner for a controlled duration), the air velocity, the oxidizer temperature, the ambient pressure, and the fuel Row. The agent mass fraction required to extinguish the dame was estimated from the agent mass divided by the agent injection duration. Extinction measurements were performed with the gaseous agents CF3Br, CF3I, C2HF5 (HFC-125), and C3HF7 (HFC-227ea). The results showed that, in general, CF3Br was the most effective agent on a mass basis, followed by CF3I and then C2HF5 and C3HF7, which had similar effectiveness. For elevated air temperatures (T > 100 degrees C), the three candidate replacement agents had similar effectiveness on a mass basis. As the air velocity increased, the agent mass fraction required for suppression (beta) decreased. The fuel flow had little effect on beta. An expression, based on treating the recirculation zone as a well-stirred reactor, was developed to describe flame suppression as the agent delivery duration varied. Two parameters were determined as crucial in that description. They were a characteristic mixing time that described the rate of agent entrainment into the recirculation zone downstream of a dame holder (or baffle) and the agent concentration at extinction for long agent injection durations. The model facilitated a comparison of the effectiveness of agents in suppressing baffle-stabilized spray and pool fires, two very different combustion configurations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamins, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1413 EP 1420 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500167 ER PT B AU Reinelt, D Linteris, GT AF Reinelt, D Linteris, GT BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Experimental study of the inhibition of premixed and diffusion flames by iron pentacarbonyl SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID ADDITIVES; METHANE; AIR AB The recent ban on the production of CF3Br has motivated a search for alternate agents for lire suppression; however, a replacement agent with all of the desirable properties of CF3Br is proving difficult to find. While most of the research has concentrated on other halogenated agents, there exist agents that are much more effective than CF3Br but about whose inhibition mechanism less is known. These agents typically involve a condensed phase. This paper investigates the behavior of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)(5)), one of the most efficient inhibitors identified in the past, in methane/oxygen/nitrogen flames; measurements are reported for both diffusion and premixed flames. The reduction in the er;tinction strain rate and laminar burning velocity with addition of iron pentacarbonyl is determined over moderate ranges of fuel-air equivalence ratio phi and oxygen mole fraction X-O2. The flame and inhibitor locations in the counterflow diffusion flame experiments are varied to control the condensed- and gas-phase species transport rates to the flames and the chemical environment for their reaction. In the premixed flames, iron pentacarbonyl at law concentration reduces the burning velocity up to 100 times more effectively than CF3Br and shows a strong dependence on both phi and X-O2; however, at Fe(CO)(5) male fractions above a few hundred ppm, there is no additional reduction of the burning velocity. In diffusion dames, Fe(CO)(5) is again shown to be more effective at the lowest concentrations, but the inhibition effect does not level off at higher mole fractions as it does in the premixed flames. In addition, combinations of flame and inhibitor location in the counterflow flames have been found for which iron pentacarbonyl either provides negligible inhibition at any mole fraction or promotes the combustion. The possible mechanisms are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reinelt, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1421 EP 1428 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500168 ER PT B AU Hamins, A Konishi, K Borthwick, P Kashiwagi, T AF Hamins, A Konishi, K Borthwick, P Kashiwagi, T BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Global properties of gaseous pool fires SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID FLAMES AB Global flame properties were measured as a function of fuel mass Bur in a series of experiments conducted on gaseous pool fires burning in a quiescent environment. The measurements included radiative heat loss, heat transfer to the burner; and sensible enthalpy transfer to the surroundings by convection. A large number of fires was studied encompassing a wide range of pool fire parameters. Measurements were conducted using methane, propane, natural gas, and acetylene in burners varying from 0.1 to 1 m in diameter, producing flames from 0.1 to 2 m in height with total heat release rates from 0.4 to 200 kW. From these measurements, the combustion efficiency was calculated for smoky fires. The measurements were used to test flame height correlations available in the literature for smoky fires. The correlations work well for nonsmoky fires but have not been proven for smoky fires. The measured flame heights conformed to the literature correlations for the nonsmoky flames burning methane, propane, and natural gas. When applied to high mass flux acetylene flames, however, the flame height measurements deviated from the literature flame height correlations. The correlations performed only slightly better when they were based on Q(c), the sensible enthalpy heat loss. Caution is suggested when applying the standard literature flame-height correlations to smoky fires that may occur in realistic fire scenarios. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamins, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1429 EP 1436 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500169 ER PT B AU Mulholland, GW Liggett, W Koseki, H AF Mulholland, GW Liggett, W Koseki, H BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI The effect of pool diameter on the properties of smoke produced by crude oil fires SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; NUCLEAR WINTER; EMISSIONS; SOOT; PARTICLES; CARBON AB The smoke production from the burning of crude oil was investigated for a I-m-diameter pan and for a 2.7- x 2.7-m pan, which is the largest pan used within a fire test facility for smoke characterization. The smoke yield was measured using the carbon balance method by two different procedures: one involved continuous sampling to gas analysis equipment, and the second used a portable, airborne-smoke-sampling package (ASSP). The advantages and limitations of the carbon balance method are addressed. The smoke yield increased by ca. 50%, from 0.100 to 0.148, as the pan size increased. These results are compared with other studies ranging in scale from a pool diameter as small as 8.5 cm to those as large as the 12-m crude oil "spill" fires and the 100-m pool fires set during the 1991 war in Kuwait. Possible causes for the factor-of-5 lower yield measured for the Kuwait oil-well fires, compared to the larger pool fires measured in this study are examined. The primary sphere size of the smoke nas measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the diameter of the primary spheres increased by ca. 80%, from 58 nm to 106 nm, as the pan size increased. This scale dependence of the primary sphere size is discussed in light of recent studies concerning smoke formation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1445 EP 1452 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500171 ER PT B AU Mell, WE McGrattan, KB Baum, HR AF Mell, WE McGrattan, KB Baum, HR BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Numerical simulation of combustion in fire plumes SO TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Combust Inst, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Arthur D Little Inc, Chevron Res & Technol Co, Chevron Chem Co, CONSOL Inc, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Engn Managements Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Factory Mutual Res Corp, Ford Motor Co, GE Corp Res & Dev Ctr, Owens, Brockway, Phillip Morris USA, Res Industries, Sawyer Associates, S Coast Air Quality Management Dist, SS Energy & Environm Int, United Technol Res Ctr, Ansaldo, Camera Commercio, Industria Artigianato, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, ENEL CRT, ENI, Elsevier Sci Inc, FIAT CFR, Gordon & Breach Publicat Inc, Riello, Univ Federico II, Bric a Brac Napoi, Comune Napoli, ELASIS, Hewlett Packard Italian, Perkin Elmer Italia spa, Reg Campania ID DIFFUSION FLAME AB Combustion in buoyancy-driven fire plumes is assumed to be diffusion controlled and described by a mixture fraction variable. Experimental data for a 10-cm methanol pool are was compared to numerical results obtained by assuming the plume was axially symmetric. No turbulence model was used. The influence of imposing axial symmetry independent of the approximations made in the combustion model was tested by comparing simulated and experimental helium plumes. Simulated helium plume results agreed well with the experimental data at sufficiently small heights where most combustion occurs. At larger heights, predictions from the helium simulations were increasingly in error within a volume surrounding the centerline. Prediction error in the pool fire simulations behaved largely in a similar manner, with some error present due to inadequacies in the mixture-fraction-based combustion model. Overall, within the limitations of an axially-symmetric calculation, the behavior of dame flickering and the time-averaged temperature field were reasonably well predicted. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mell, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1996 BP 1523 EP 1530 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87U UT WOS:000083308500180 ER PT S AU Kim, YK AF Kim, YK BE Gay, TJ Starace, AF TI Modeling ionization cross sections: Two decades of dreams come true SO TWO-CENTER EFFECTS IN ION-ATOM COLLISIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of M Eugene Rudd on 2-Center Effects in Ion-Atom Collisions CY MAY 13-14, 1994 CL LINCOLN, NE C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-342-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 362 BP 214 EP 226 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BF24V UT WOS:A1996BF24V00016 ER PT B AU OBrian, TR AF OBrian, TR BE Huffman, RE Stergis, CG TI SURF III: The next generation radiometric storage ring facility at NIST SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation CY AUG 07-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE synchrotron radiation; radiometry; ultraviolet radiation; cryogenic radiometry AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD is upgrading the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF II) electron storage ring to serve as an absolute radiometric standard of unprecedented accuracy spanning the soft x-ray through infrared spectral regions. Major upgrades in the storage ring magnet system will substantially improve the uniformity of the magnetic field accelerating the stored electrons, and permit the new facility (SURF III) to operate at higher electron energies, extending the useful spectral range to at least 600 eV (about 2 nm). Parallel improvements in radiometric measurement of stored electron current will reduce the absolute spectral irradiance uncertainty in SURF III to about 0.5% or less from the infrared through far ultraviolet spectral range. A recently completed cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer will be used for high accuracy radiometry (0.1% order absolute uncertainty) exploiting SURF as a bright ultraviolet source. These developments will reduce the uncertainty in SURF-based ultraviolet radiometry by a factor of two to five, depending on wavelength and application. We will review the current status of ultraviolet radiometry at SURF II, discuss the SURF III storage ring upgrade, and outline the new radiometry progams planned for SURF III. RP OBrian, TR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPT TECHNOL DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2219-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2831 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.257200 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73K UT WOS:A1996BG73K00019 ER PT B AU Early, EA Thomspon, A AF Early, EA Thomspon, A BE Huffman, RE Stergis, CG TI Terrestrial ultraviolet monitoring spectroradiometer intercomparisons: Results and field standard development SO ULTRAVIOLET ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE REMOTE SENSING: METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing - Methods and Instrumentation CY AUG 07-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE ultraviolet; solar; ultraviolet index; solar irradiance AB Two interagency solar ultraviolet spectroradiometer intercomparisons (September 1994 and June 1995) have been conducted at Table Mountain outside Boulder, Colorado. A third intercomparison is planned for June 1996 at the same location. The intercomparisons were organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at a field site supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and included participants representing North American agencies currently monitoring solar ultraviolet irradiance. Instruments were characterized at the intercomparisons for wavelength error, bandwidth, and stray-light rejection. All instruments were calibrated for spectral irradiance responsivity by NIST personnel with specially developed quartz-halogen field irradiance standards. Thus, comparisons of synchronized solar irradiance measurements allowed true comparisons between instruments, without the added complication of differences in irradiance scales of the participants. Estimates of differences in individual network propagation of irradiance scales were made separately. In addition, there were extensive concurrent ancillary measurements in an effort to compile a standard data set We will discuss the results of these experiments and the overall agreement between the participants. RP Early, EA (reprint author), NIST,OPT TECHNOL DIV,PHYS LAB,TECHNOL ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2219-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2831 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.257199 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73K UT WOS:A1996BG73K00025 ER PT S AU Hagedorn, J Rushmeier, H Blendell, J Vaudin, M AF Hagedorn, J Rushmeier, H Blendell, J Vaudin, M GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A system for measuring surface facet orientation from atomic force microscope data SO VISUALIZATION '96, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (Visualization 96) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH AB We describe a graphical system developed for researchers in materials science for extracting information from data obtained by atomic force microscopy. In particular, we consider the problem of computing surface orientations from data obtained from ceramic materials. The visualization problems we consider in designing this system include finding useful mechanisms for the researcher to interact with the data, presenting results in forms familiar to the scientist, and enhancing traditional display techniques. RP Hagedorn, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1070-2385 BN 0-89791-864-9 J9 IEEE VISUAL PY 1996 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568141 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG87S UT WOS:A1996BG87S00058 ER PT J AU Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Mearns, AJ Ginn, TC AF Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Mearns, AJ Ginn, TC TI Effect of pollution on marine organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA. PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BELLEVUE,WA. RP Reish, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 1996 VL 68 IS 4 BP 784 EP 796 DI 10.2175/106143096X135650 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UX253 UT WOS:A1996UX25300038 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG AF Voronovich, AG TI A two-scale model from the point of view of the small-slope approximation SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article AB General results for the scattering cross section following from the small-slope approximation (SSA) are applied to the case of two-scale surface roughness which can be represented as a superposition of small-scale and large-scale components. The purpose of the paper is to obtain analytically tractable results with obvious physical meaning which can be used for estimates prior to undertaking extensive numerical calculations according to exact unambiguous expressions of the SSA. The general case of vector (electromagnetic) or scalar (sound) waves is considered. The statistics of small-scale roughness is not assumed to be Gaussian (in any sense) or space-homogeneous, and the possible dependence of the statistics of small-scale roughness on a large-scale undulating surface is taken into account. As a result, a modified local spectrum of small-scale components of roughness enters into corresponding expressions for the scattering cross section. It is demonstrated that under appropriate conditions, the resulting formulae for the scattering cross section reduce to the conventional two-scale model. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD JAN PY 1996 VL 6 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/6/1/007 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TZ486 UT WOS:A1996TZ48600006 ER PT B AU Neff, RA Zhang, XD Yasunaga, K Giles, DW Macosko, CW AF Neff, RA Zhang, XD Yasunaga, K Giles, DW Macosko, CW BE AitKadi, A Dealy, JM James, DF Williams, MC TI Rheometers for monitoring polyurethane foam formation SO XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Congress on Rheology CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL QIUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID MODULUS C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neff, RA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV LAVAL, DEPT MECH ENGN PI QUEBEC CITY PA CITE UNIVERSITAIRE, QUEBEC CITY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA BN 2-9805109-0-4 PY 1996 BP 629 EP 630 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Polymer Science GA BQ83V UT WOS:000089787000356 ER PT B AU Han, WH Rey, AD AF Han, WH Rey, AD BE AitKadi, A Dealy, JM James, DF Williams, MC TI Structure formation, light transmission and banded textures during shear flow of nematic polymers SO XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Congress on Rheology CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL QIUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES; SIMULATION C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Han, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV LAVAL, DEPT MECH ENGN PI QUEBEC CITY PA CITE UNIVERSITAIRE, QUEBEC CITY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA BN 2-9805109-0-4 PY 1996 BP 761 EP 762 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Polymer Science GA BQ83V UT WOS:000089787000430 ER PT J AU Anuta, MA Lozier, DW Turner, PR AF Anuta, MA Lozier, DW Turner, PR TI Level-index arithmetic on a massively parallel computer SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB In this paper we describe the implementation of the level-index; LI, and symmetric level-index, SLI; arithmetics on a massively parallel computer - specifically a Mas Par MP-1 with 4096 processors. The implementation is written in the parallel language MPL which is a massively parallel extension of ANSI C. The internal arithmetic of the LI and SLI arithmetic algorithms is fixed-point fractional arithmetic. This is described first and is followed by a brief review of the level-index representation and its arithmetic. A modified version of the original SLI arithmetic algorithm, which is better suited to a massively parallel implementation, is presented as an introduction to the SLI implementation. A description of some of its advantages completes the paper. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Anuta, MA (reprint author), CRAY RES INC,CALVERTON,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 1 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VG254 UT WOS:A1996VG25400089 ER PT J AU Anuta, MA Lozier, DW Turner, PR AF Anuta, MA Lozier, DW Turner, PR TI The MasPar MP-1 as a computer arithmetic laboratory SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB this paper we describe a computer arithmetic project which is being undertaken using a massively parallel SIMD array processor. The paper begins with a brief overview of the DEC/MasPar MP-1 system, its architecture and advantages for this work. The main part of the paper is concerned with some of the arithmetic systems which are being implemented in this laboratory. These fall into two primary classes integer and fixed-point arithmetics; and real number representation and arithmetic. A more complete introduction to this project and an extensive bibliography can be found in [1]. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Anuta, MA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 1 BP 341 EP 342 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VG254 UT WOS:A1996VG25400090 ER PT J AU Christophorou, LG AF Christophorou, LG TI The dependence of the thermal electron attachment rate constant in gases and liquids on the energy position of the electron attaching state SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE electron attachment; electron affinity; resonance energy; negative ion states; effect of medium ID NEGATIVE-ION STATES; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; KE TEST; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SCREENED CHEMICALS; FALP APPARATUS; MOLECULES; SF6; CARCINOGENS; AFFINITIES AB Thermal electron attachment rate constants for halocarbons in the gaseous phase, (k(a))(th), and thermal electron attachment rate constants for a number of molecules in liquid cyclohexane, (k(a))(L), are summarized in an effort to discern the dependence of the thermal electron attachment rate constant for molecules embedded in gases and in liquids on the energy position, E(NIS), of the electron attaching state. For these molecules the (k(a))(th) varies only slightly with E(NIS), as long as E(NIS) is < 0.0 eV (i.e., as long as the electron affinity of the molecule is positive), but it decreases precipitously with increasing E(NIS), when E(NIS) > 0.0 eV (i.e., when the electron affinity of the molecule becomes negative). The (k,), exhibits a similar behavior except that it remains virtually constant well above 0.0 eV, up to E(NIS) approximate to 0.9 eV. and thereafter decreases precipitously. This energy shift between the gaseous and the liquid phase correlations is consistent with the magnitude of the polarization energy of the anions in liquid cyclohexane and its effect on E(NIS). It indicates that in the liquid phase the rate constant (k(a))(L) for these molecules is essentially constant (and very large; often equal to diffusion-controlled values) as long as the energy E(NIS) of the electron attaching state in the liquid is < 0 eV, that is, as long as the molecule has negative ion state(s) which are lowered below 0.0 eV in the liquid. This conclusion may be of wider validity. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Christophorou, LG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 124 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1996 VL 195 BP 195 EP 215 PN 1-2 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA VN562 UT WOS:A1996VN56200010 ER PT S AU Ignatov, A Gutman, G AF Ignatov, A Gutman, G BE Raschke, E Salomonson, VV Stuhlmann, R Wilkerson, F TI Angular effect in AVHRR's split-window sea surface temperature and atmospheric moisture over the Atlantic Ocean SO SATELLITE DATA FOR ATMOSPHERE, CONTINENT AND OCEAN RESEARCH SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A3 and A4 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission A on Satellite Data for Atmosphere, Continent and Ocean Research, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean AB The AVHRR on board NOAA satellites observes the underlying surface at different zenith angles within Theta approximate to+/-68 degrees around nadir. The algorithms for retrieval of sea surface temperature (SST) t(s) and the column water vapor content W from the angle-dependent brightness temperatures (BT) t(i)(Theta) (i=4 and 5 for AVHRR Channels 4 and 5 with central wavelengths lambda=10.8 and 12 mu m, respectively) should overtly account for Theta to provide a result invariant of the variable observation geometry. Recently, a statistical method based on empirical angular functions (EAF) was proposed to assess the angular effect in both the original AVHRR BT's and retrieved SST and to test angular methods of SST retrieval /1/. The EAF's were employed to analyze the BT's in AVHRR Channels 3 and 4 and dual-window SST over tropical Atlantic in Jun 1987 and Dec 1988 from NOAA-10 and -11, respectively /1/. Here, we extend it to check the split-window SST and W, and the angular method of SST retrieval /2,3/, over the same target in tropical and an additional target in North Atlantic from NOAA-9 in Jul 1986. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042672-7 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 7 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00287-1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE47E UT WOS:A1995BE47E00006 ER PT S AU Gutman, G Rukhovetz, L AF Gutman, G Rukhovetz, L BE Raschke, E Salomonson, VV Stuhlmann, R Wilkerson, F TI Towards satellite-derived global estimation of monthly evapotranspiration over land surfaces SO SATELLITE DATA FOR ATMOSPHERE, CONTINENT AND OCEAN RESEARCH SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A3 and A4 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission A on Satellite Data for Atmosphere, Continent and Ocean Research, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean AB The NOAA AVHRR provides daily global spectral measurements of reflected and emitted radiation from Earth. These data contain information on land characteristics, which could be utilized to derive evapotranspiration. A global land surface data base has been developed from 9-year time series of multispectral AVHRR data consisting of Channels 1,2,4, and 5. The data are sampled in time and space and mapped to (0.15 degrees)(2) grid on a weekly basis. Processing includes proper calibration, cloud screening, monthly averaging, interpolation and smoothing. It is shown, in the present study, that when evaporation exceeds precipitation the soil moisture availability parameter beta correlates well with an index of vegetation activity NDVI, derived from the visible and near-IR AVHRR measurements. If potential evaporation Ep is estimated, e.g. from Thornthwaite's empirical formula that uses only air temperature as input, then the actual evapotranspiration, E, can be calculated using the NDVI-derived beta as a fraction of Ep. In this study, the NDVI-beta relationship is determined using a previously developed climatology of beta based on hydrologic balance calculations. An example of NDVI-beta relationship for July over the globe is given. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP, GREENBELT, MD 20779 USA. RP Gutman, G (reprint author), NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042672-7 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 7 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00292-8 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE47E UT WOS:A1995BE47E00011 ER PT S AU Moffett, RJ Millward, GH Quegan, S Aylward, AD FullerRowell, TJ AF Moffett, RJ Millward, GH Quegan, S Aylward, AD FullerRowell, TJ BE Rottger, J Wickwar, VB TI Results from a coupled model of the thermosphere, ionosphere and plasmasphere (CTIPM) SO THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE COUPLING AND DYNAMICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C1.2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C on Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Middle Atmosphere Coupling and Dynamics, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR ID FIELD AB The Sheffield/UCL/SEL coupled model of the thermosphere and ionosphere has been extended to include a plasmasphere and equatorial ionosphere. Model results are presented for field-aligned ion fluxes in the topside ionosphere. Results are also given for global NmF2, showing a semi-annual effect at Stanley (52 degrees S). While showing a winter anomaly comparable to that observed, Slough (52 degrees N) results disagree with experiment in the spring months. C1 UCL, ATMOSPHER PHYS LAB, LONDON W1P 7PP, ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, CIRES, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP Moffett, RJ (reprint author), UNIV SHEFFIELD, SCH MATH & STAT, UPPER ATMOSPHERE MODELLING GRP, SHEFFIELD S3 7RH, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042667-0 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 3 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00833-Z PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE40X UT WOS:A1995BE40X00007 ER PT J AU Langford, AO AF Langford, AO TI Identification and correction of analog-to-digital-converter nonlinearities and their implications for differential absorption lidar measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE differential absorption lidar; lidar; analog-to-digital conversion; data processing ID A/D CONVERTERS AB Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is a powerful remote-sensing technique widely used to probe the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and other gaseous atmospheric trace constituents. Although conceptually simple, the DIAL technique presents many challenging and often subtle technical difficulties that can limit its useful range and accuracy. One potentially serious source of error for many DIAL experiments is nonlinearity in the analog-to-digital converters used to capture lidar return signals. The impact of digitizer nonlinearity on DIAL measurements is examined, and a simple and inexpensive low-frequency dithering technique that significantly reduces the effects of ADC nonlinearity in DIAL and other applications in which the signal is repetitively averaged is described. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 36 BP 8330 EP 8340 DI 10.1364/AO.34.008330 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP714 UT WOS:A1995TP71400013 PM 21068953 ER PT J AU Rye, BJ AF Rye, BJ TI Comparative precision of distributed-backscatter Doppler lidars SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC WIND AB Simple formulas for the standard deviation that is available from Doppler velocity estimators through the use of direct-detection frequency discriminators for targets spread in range are derived and contrasted with the fundamental limits provided by the Cramer-Rao bounds for both direct-detection and heterodyne systems. The structures of these formulas is sufficiently similar to facilitate a meaningful comparison among the different systems and to provide a basis for the evaluation of experimental performance. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Rye, BJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 36 BP 8341 EP 8344 DI 10.1364/AO.34.008341 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP714 UT WOS:A1995TP71400014 PM 21068954 ER PT J AU McMillin, LM Crone, LJ Kleespies, TJ AF McMillin, LM Crone, LJ Kleespies, TJ TI Atmospheric transmittance of an absorbing gas .5. Improvements to the OPTRAN approach SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE transmittance; brightness temperature; atmospheric radiance; radiative transfer; absorber amount; OPTRAN AB Improvements to a fast and accurate transmittance-calculation procedure, Optical Path TRANsmittance (OPTRAN), are described. The previous version computed a transmittance ratio for an absorbing layer. It required special attention to the interpolation methodology. The new approach reported here computes the absorption coefficient for an absorbing layer. This modified approach is not only simpler but also runs in one twentieth the time of the original OPTRAN approach with the same accuracy. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America C1 AMERICAN UNIV,DEPT STAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20016. RP McMillin, LM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,OFF RES & APPLICAT,SATELLITE RES LAB,E-RA14-LM,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Kleespies, Thomas/F-5598-2010 NR 5 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 36 BP 8396 EP 8399 DI 10.1364/AO.34.008396 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP714 UT WOS:A1995TP71400020 PM 21068960 ER PT J AU LINSKY, JL WOOD, BE BROWN, A GIAMPAPA, MS AMBRUSTER, C AF LINSKY, JL WOOD, BE BROWN, A GIAMPAPA, MS AMBRUSTER, C TI STELLAR ACTIVITY AT THE END OF THE MAIN-SEQUENCE - GHRS OBSERVATIONS OF THE M8 VE STAR VB-10 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, VISUAL; STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, FLARE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (VB 10); STARS, INTERIORS; STARS, LATE-TYPE; X-RAYS, STARS ID LOW-MASS STARS; LATE-M-DWARFS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BROWN DWARFS; ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; THEORETICAL-MODELS; OUTER ATMOSPHERES; TRANSITION REGION; COOL STARS; FLARE AB We present Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph observations of the M8 Ve star VB 10 (= G1 752B), located very near the end of the stellar main sequence, and its dM3.5 binary companion G1 752A, These coeval stars provide a test bed for studying whether the outer atmospheres of stars respond to changes in internal structure as stars become fully convective near mass 0.3 M. (about spectral type M5), where the nature of the stellar magnetic dynamo presumably changes, and near the transition from red to brown dwarfs near mass 0.08 M. (about spectral type M9), when hydrogen burning ceases at the end of the main sequence, We obtain upper limits for the quiescent emission of VB 10 but observe a transition region spectrum during a large flare, which indicates that some type of magnetic dynamo must be present. Two indirect lines of evidence-scaling from the observed X-ray emission and scaling from a time-resolved flare on AD Leo-suggest that the fraction of the stellar bolometric luminosity that heats the transition region of VB 10 outside of obvious flares is comparable to, or larger than, that for G1 752A. This suggests an increase in the magnetic heating rates, as measured by L(line)/L(bol) ratios, across the radiative/convective core boundary and as stars approach the red/brown dwarf boundary. These results provide new constraints for dynamo models and models of coronal and transition-region heating in late-type stars. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. VILLANOVA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. RP LINSKY, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1086/176614 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK125 UT WOS:A1995TK12500029 ER PT J AU LOVAS, FJ KAWASHIMA, Y GRABOW, JU SUENRAM, RD FRASER, GT HIROTA, E AF LOVAS, FJ KAWASHIMA, Y GRABOW, JU SUENRAM, RD FRASER, GT HIROTA, E TI MICROWAVE-SPECTRA, HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE, AND ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS FOR CONFORMERS-I AND CONFORMER-II OF GLYCINE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, MOLECULES; LINE, IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR DATA ID MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRUM; TRANSITIONS; COMPLEXES; WATER AB A number of low-J rotational transitions have been measured for two conformations of the simplest amino acid, glycine, providing precise hyperfine transition frequencies and electric dipole moments for radioastronomy searches for glycine in interstellar clouds. Measurements were made between 12 and 25 GHz with a pulsed-nozzle, Fabry-Perot-cavity, Fourier transform microwave spectrometer equipped with either a heated nozzle or laser ablation-nozzle for vaporization of solid phase glycine. Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were determined for both conformers from measurements of the hyperfine-split rotational transitions. The quadrupole coupling constants for conformer I are eQq(aa) = -1.208(9) MHz and eQq(bb) = -0.343(8) MHz and for conformer II are eQq(aa) = 1.773(2) MHz and eQq(bb) = -3.194(4) MHz. The dipole moment components of both conformers were determined to higher precision. We obtain mu(a) = 3.039(10) X 10(-30) C m [0.911(3)D] and mu(b) = 2.025(17) X 10(-30) C m [0.607(5) D] for conformer I, and mu(a) = 17.92(11) X 10(-30) C m [5.372(34)D] and mu(b) = 3.10(3) X 10(-30) C m [0.93(1)D] for conformer II, where the uncertainties shown are 1 standard deviation. C1 KANAGAWA INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM TECHNOL,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA 24302,JAPAN. GRAD UNIV ADV STUDIES,KANAGAWA 24001,JAPAN. RP LOVAS, FJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP L201 EP L204 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK126 UT WOS:A1995TK12600026 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Krehbiel, PR Shao, XM AF Mazur, V Krehbiel, PR Shao, XM TI Correlated high-speed video and radio interferometric observations of a cloud-to-ground lightning flash SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTINUING CURRENT; DISCHARGES; AIRCRAFT; STROKES AB A six-stroke cloud-to-ground lightning flash has been studied using observations from a high-speed video camera (1000 frames s(-1)) and a VHF radio interferometer (1-mu s time resolution), as well as additional electric, magnetic, and optical measurements. The flash produced strokes along two channels to ground and a long (550 ms) continuing current. The video observations provided time-resolved pictures of stepped and dart leaders, short and long continuing currents! and M components during the continuing currents,and complemented and confirmed the interferometer observations of flash structure and development. The M components were initiated by fast negative streamers inside the cloud which propagated into the conducting channel of the continuing current and subsequently brightened the channel to ground. We call this sequence an M event. Dart leaders and the fast streamers of M and K events were found to be significantly brighter than stepped leaders and continuing currents to ground. A number of streamers did not initiate M events that were identical to in-cloud K streamers. Analysis of the M and K event occurrences indicated that the conducting channels of the continuing current both expanded and contracted with time. An M-type event was also: observed during a dart leader. It is proposed that the channel multiplicity within the flash resulted from cutoff of the channel to ground while charge continued to flow down the channel from the stroke source region, stranding negative charge along the channel. Dart-stepped leaders (such as occurred during the third stroke) are similarly explained. Because the stranded charge is observed to be greatest for initial strokes, new channels to ground of stepped and dart-stepped leaders are expected to follow initial strokes, as is usually observed. The video and electric field observations indicate that all return strokes have at least a short continuing current, of the order of one or a few milliseconds. The results also reinforce the well-known observation that long continuing currents tend to follow relatively weak return strokes. C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, GEOPHYS RES CTR, SOCORRO, NM 87801 USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, 1313 HALLEY CIRCLE, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25731 EP 25753 DI 10.1029/95JD02364 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100032 ER PT J AU Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Fehsenfeld, FC Montzka, SA AF Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Fehsenfeld, FC Montzka, SA TI Hydrocarbon measurements in the southeastern United States: The Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment (ROSE) program 1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ALPHA-PINENE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS; MONOTERPENE HYDROCARBONS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS AB An automated gas chromatographic system was employed at a rural site in western central Alabama to measure atmospheric hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons (oxy-hydrocarbons) on an hourly basis from June 8 to July 19, 1990. The location, which was a designated site for the Southern Oxidant Study (SOS), was instrumented for a wide variety of measurements allowing the hydrocarbon and oxy-hydrocarbon measurements to be interpreted both in terms of meteorological data and as part of a large suite of gas phase measurements. Although the site is situated in a Loblolly pine plantation, isoprene was observed to be the dominant hydrocarbon during the daytime with afternoon maxima of about 7 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). Decrease of isoprene after sunset was too rapid to be accounted for solely on the basis of gas phase chemistry. During the nighttime, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene were the dominant hydrocarbons of natural origin. The ratio of alpha-pinene to beta-pinene showed a well-defined diurnal pattern, decreasing by more than 30% during the night; a decrease that could be understood on the basis of local gas phase chemistry. Oxy-hydrocarbons, dominated by methanol and acetone, were the most abundant compounds observed. On a carbon atom basis, the oxy-hydrocarbons contributed about 46% of the measured atmospheric burden during the daytime and about 40% at night. The similarity of the observed diurnal methanol variation to that of isoprene and subsequent measurements [McDonald and Fall, 1993] indicate that much of the observed methanol was of local biogenic origin. Correlation of acetone with methanol suggests that it, also, has a significant biogenic source. In spite of the site's rural location, anthropogenic hydrocarbons constituted, on a carbon atom basis, about 21% of the hydrocarbon burden measured during the daytime and about 55% at night. Significant diurnal variations of the anthropogenic hydrocarbons, with increases at night, appeared to be driven by the frequent formation of a shallow nocturnal boundary layer. C1 NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Goldan, PD (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; NR 67 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25945 EP 25963 DI 10.1029/95JD02607 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100048 ER PT J AU Valigura, RA AF Valigura, RA TI Iterative bulk exchange model for estimating air-water transfer of HNO3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOMENTUM; VAPOR; HEAT AB Air-water exchange rates have been estimated for most nitrogen species over open ocean; however, these rates may not apply to coastal areas due to different meteorological conditions. In coastal areas the primary obstacle to estimating the exchange rate has been the lack of near-surface, over-water meteorological data for mesoscale model input. To address this need, a network of buoys has been deployed in Chesapeake Bay. The two objectives of this project were (1) to develop and evaluate an iterative bulk exchange model to estimate air-water exchange of heat, water, and momentum from buoy data and (2) to use the model outputs to estimate air-water transfer rates of nitric acid (HNO3). In a previous study a similar approach to that used in this study was applied to sulfur dioxide (SO2). The analyses performed in this study demonstrate the need to determine if variability in HNO3 concentration is significantly correlated with the corresponding variability in transfer rate to Chesapeake Bay. The theoretical limitations associated with this approach were lack of homogeneous conditions in the coastal zone and the inadequacy of similarity theory to describe turbulent conditions measured. The approach used in this study should be applicable to other hygroscopic chemicals in addition to HNO3 and SO2 (e.g., ammonia). RP Valigura, RA (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SSMC III, ROOM 3229 R-E-AR, 1315 EAST WEST HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 26045 EP 26050 DI 10.1029/95JD03005 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100054 ER PT J AU Binkowski, FS Shankar, U AF Binkowski, FS Shankar, U TI The Regional Particulate Matter Model .1. Model description and preliminary results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; IONIC-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE-LAYER; NITRIC-ACID; MULTICOMPONENT; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION AB The Regional Acid Deposition Model has been modified to create the Regional Particulate Model, a three-dimensional Eulerian model that simulates the chemistry, transport, and dynamics of sulfuric acid aerosol resulting from primary emissions and the gas phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide. The new model uses a bimodal lognormal distribution to represent particles in the submicrometer size range. In addition to including the horizontal and vertical advection and vertical diffusion of the aerosol number concentration and sulfate mass concentration fields, the model now explicitly treats the response of the distribution parameters to particle coagulation within and between the modes, condensation of sulfate vapor onto existing particles, formation of new particles, evaporation and condensation of ambient water vapor in the presence of ammonia, and particle-size-dependent dry deposition. The model has been used to study how the degree of sulfuric acid neutralization by ambient ammonia affects the total aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions over eastern North America. Preliminary results for three representative locations, rural, near-source, and nominal downwind of source, show that the effect is greatest for the rural and smallest for the near-source regions, which corresponds with the largest and smallest values, respectively, of ammonium-to-sulfate molar ratios. The results indicate that the model could provide a tool for investigating the effects of various pollution control strategies, as well as new or alternative formulations of important aerosol processes. C1 MCNC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP Binkowski, FS (reprint author), NOAA, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING, AIR RESOURCES LAB, MAIL DROP 80, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 76 TC 287 Z9 297 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 26191 EP 26209 DI 10.1029/95JD02093 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100064 ER PT J AU MONROE, C MEEKHOF, DM KING, BE ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ AF MONROE, C MEEKHOF, DM KING, BE ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ TI DEMONSTRATION OF A FUNDAMENTAL QUANTUM LOGIC GATE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate the operation of a two-bit ''controlled-NOT'' quantum logic gate, which, in conjunction with simple single-bit operations, forms a universal quantum logic gate for quantum computation. The two quantum bits are stored in the internal and external degrees of freedom of a single trapped atom, which is first laser cooled to the zero-point energy. Decoherence effects are identified for the operation, and the possibility of extending the system to more qubits appears promising. RP MONROE, C (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 NR 26 TC 1120 Z9 1140 U1 22 U2 109 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 25 BP 4714 EP 4717 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4714 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TK883 UT WOS:A1995TK88300041 ER PT J AU Finger, FG Nagatani, RM Gelman, ME Long, CS Miller, AJ AF Finger, FG Nagatani, RM Gelman, ME Long, CS Miller, AJ TI Consistency between variations of ozone and temperature in the stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We compare time series of monthly mean total ozone values, provided by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV), with temperatures derived from the operational stratospheric analyses produced by the National Centers fbr Environmental Prediction, Climate Prediction Center (NCEP/CPC). Results generally substantiate the expectancy of positive correlations between variations of ozone and temperature in the lower stratosphere, and negative correlations between the two in the upper stratosphere. It is found that the correlations did not behave in the expected manner during the periods immediately after the eruptions of El Chichon (April 1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (June 1991). Possible problems are also pointed out for other time periods, when the anticipated correlations are not indicated. In some of the cases, the evaluations lead to recommendations for continued investigation, in order to determine whether some values might be erroneous and should be removed to improve consistency within the datasets. In a few cases it is found that real variations can be mistakenly identified as errors. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NCEP,CTR CLIMATE PREDICT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP Finger, FG (reprint author), RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 24 BP 3477 EP 3480 DI 10.1029/95GL02786 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TM728 UT WOS:A1995TM72800012 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Schefer, J Anderson, IS AF Huang, Q Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Schefer, J Anderson, IS TI Characterization of the structure of TbD2.25 at 70 K by neutron powder diffraction SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE long-range order; metal hydrides; neutron powder diffraction; octahedral site occupation; terbium deuteride AB A neutron-powder-diffraction pattern of the superstoichiometric rare-earth dideuteride TbD2.25 was measured at 70 K. Profile refinements indicated that the TbD2.25 structure possesses I4/mmm symmetry with deuterium fully occupying the tetrahedral (t) interstices of the nominally fee Tb lattice and the excess deuterium occupying one-fourth of the octahedral (o) interstices with long-range order. Ideal order corresponds to the occupation of only those o sites within every fourth (042)(Cubic) plane, in agreement with the results of a previous TbD2+x study. Moreover, in line with recent LaD2.25 results, refinements indicated that the o-site deuterium (D-0) ordering in TbD2.25 is accompanied by a slight tetragonal distortion, an outward expansion of the cubic ensemble of eight t-site deuterium atoms surrounding each D-0 atom, and a decrease in the c-directed Tb-D-0 bond distances by a displacement of the Tb atoms toward the D-0 atoms. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ETH ZURICH,LAB NEUTRONENSTREUUNG,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01844-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600017 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Anderson, IS AF Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Anderson, IS TI Neutron spectroscopic comparison of beta-phase rare earth hydrides SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE neutron scattering spectroscopy; hydrides; neutron vibrational spectroscopy ID HYDROGEN SITE OCCUPANCY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VIBRATIONS; YTTRIUM; CED2.12 AB The beta-phase hydrides beta-RH(2+x) of a variety of rare earth metals (R = Tb, Y, La, Ce and Dy) were investigated by incoherent inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. The broad, complex, vibrational density of states (DOS) of the tetrahedrally coordinated (t-site) hydrogen (H-t) typically found for these systems is a manifestation of the dynamic coupling within the H-t sublattice due to significant H-t-H-t interactions. A breakdown of this dynamic coupling via isotopic dilution of the H-t atoms with larger mass deuterium atoms is observed spectroscopically by a collapse of the complex DOS into a single sharp feature. For x > 0, the extra hydrogen atoms reside in the octahedral to-site) interstices. Typically, the H-o DOS is found to be sensitive to the temperature- and concentration-dependent arrangement of the H-o atoms in the o-site sublattice. For small x, the H-o atoms are isolated in a local cubic environment and possess a sharp DOS. As x increases, the transformation to short-range then long-range order occurs as shown by the development of a broadened complex DOS. The presence of H-o atoms also perturbs the H-t DOS. Typically, H-o-H-t interactions cause the affected H-t vibrations to stiffen as illustrated by the formation of a higher energy feature split from the main H-t DOS. In short, hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in the rare earth beta-phase hydrides lead to interesting structural and dynamic behavior which can be probed nicely by neutron vibrational spectroscopy. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01788-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600025 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Hempelmann, R Richter, D AF Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Hempelmann, R Richter, D TI Low-energy vibrations and octahedral site occupation in Nb95V5H(D)(y) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE metal hydrides; neutron scattering; vibrational spectroscopy ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Nb100-xVxHy is a random b.c.c. alloy system with an H sublattice disordered with respect to site energies. Previous incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) studies ascertained both octahedral (o) and tetrahedral (t) site occupation by H for x = 5, 10 and 50. On the basis of spectroscopic and statistical arguments, the low-temperature PI vibrational peaks in the Nb-rich, low-PI-concentration Nb95V5H1 alloy were assigned to Nb4V2 o sites and NbV3 t sites. To probe the regime of lower H concentration and the effects of D substitution, further IINS spectra were measured for Nb95V5Hy (y = 0.5 and 0.8) and Nb95V5D2.7. As the H concentration was decreased, the spectra at 4 K indicated an increasingly predominant 38 meV peak, which was assigned to the doubly degenerate H vibrations in the Nb-4 plane of the Nb4V5 o site. A portion of the broad feature centered at approximately 200 meV was assigned to the much stiffer H vibration polarized along the V-V apical axis, The Nb95V5D2.7 results located the analogous soft D vibration at 29 meV, yielding an H/D vibrational energy ratio of 1.31. To our knowledge, this is the only known case of spectroscopically confirmed o-site occupation by H in a b.c,c. metal (alloy) lattice. Moreover, the soft modes yield the lowest observed vibrational energy for H in a metal hydride. C1 UNIV SAARLAND, D-66123 SAARBRUCKEN, GERMANY. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013 OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01789-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600026 ER PT J AU Gygax, FN Amato, A Feyerherm, R Schenck, A Anderson, IS Udovic, TJ Solt, G AF Gygax, FN Amato, A Feyerherm, R Schenck, A Anderson, IS Udovic, TJ Solt, G TI Dynamics of mu(+) in Sc and ScHx SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE muon dynamics; muon location ID SCANDIUM AB Muon spin rotation (mu SR) experiments on single-crystal samples of ScHx, with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25, were performed in order to investigate the muon location and possible systematic variations in muon dynamics in these systems. The angular and magnetic field dependence of the mu SR relaxation rates shows that at temperatures below 50 K the muon is localized at the interstitial tetrahedral (T) sites. The results for pure Sc, covering a wide range of high and low fields, are coherent with the picture that the muon performs fast tunnelling between two adjacent T sites, separated by 2z = 0.18c, above and below the a-b plane. This value for the muon position along the c axis is remarkably near the 2z = 0.194c found for D in Sc by neutron diffraction. The anisotropy of the relaxation rate at low magnetic fields varies sensitively with the H concentration, indicating a change in the ratio of the radial, muon-induced and the partly inherent, uniaxial electric field gradients at the position of the Sc nuclei. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Gygax, FN (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST PARTICLE PHYS,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RI Feyerherm, Ralf/F-5487-2013; Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Feyerherm, Ralf/0000-0003-3034-4210; Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01823-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600045 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK AF IRIKURA, KK TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF DISULFUR DECAFLUORIDE, S2F10 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; GAS-PHASE; EXCHANGE; SF6 AB Ab initio calculations, using a slightly modified version of the second-order Gaussian-2 procedure, have been performed to determine the thermochemistry of disulfur decafluoride, S2F10. The results include Delta(f)H(0) degrees(S2F10)=-1880 kJ/mol and Delta(f)H(298)degrees(S2F10)=-1903 kJ/mol, with an estimated uncertainty of 8 kJ/mol (2 sigma). This implies sulfur-sulfur bond strengths D-0 degrees(F5S-SF5)=195+/-8 kJ/mol and D(298)degrees(F5S-SF5)=198+/-8 kJ/mol. For comparison, second-order Gaussian-2 calculations of S-2 and S-8 yield S-S bond energies in error by only -6 kJ/mol and +3 kJ/mol, respectively. The torsional barrier in S2F10 is calculated to be 40+/-5 kJ/mol, indicating that torsional motion is negligible at 298 K. Minor reassignments are made in the experimental vibrational spectrum. Some comparisons between conventional and density-functional calculations are also made. RP IRIKURA, KK (reprint author), NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10162 EP 10168 DI 10.1063/1.469918 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400029 ER PT J AU Jungclaus, JH Backhaus, JO Fohrmann, H AF Jungclaus, JH Backhaus, JO Fohrmann, H TI Outflow of dense water from the Storfjord in Svalbard: A numerical model study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; SEAS; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS AB Recent investigations on deep water renewal point to the important role of dense water formed on the continental shelves surrounding the Arctic Ocean. In this investigation a hydrostatic, reduced gravity, primitive equation model for the simulation of the spatial and temporal evolution of gravity plumes on a continental slope is applied and compared to the observed outflow of a plume of dense water, originally formed in Storfjorden (Svalbard), into the Greenland Sea toward Fram Strait, The vertically integrated, nonlinear, rotational model accounts for the entrainment of water mass properties from a spatially structured but stagnant ambient water body, This study reveals that part of the dense water, in accordance with earlier estimates, spreads northward along the eastern side of Fram Strait. Another branch of the plume, guided by the topography, flows into a deep trench east of the Knipovitch Ridge to the west of Svalbard. During its descent to depths of more than 2000 m the plume entrains three different water masses (East Spitsbergen Water, Atlantic Water, and Norwegian Sea Deep Water) and hence changes its water mass characteristics. The volume of deep water produced by the mechanism discussed here depends not only on the amount of initially formed brine-enriched shelf water, but also on the water mass characteristics of the latter. C1 CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,SONDERFORSCH BEREICH 313,D-24118 KIEL,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,INST MEERESKUNDE,D-22529 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RP Jungclaus, JH (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,POB CN710,SAYRE HALL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 24719 EP 24728 DI 10.1029/95JC02357 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100003 ER PT J AU White, WB Tai, CK AF White, WB Tai, CK TI Inferring interannual changes in global upper ocean heat storage from TOPEX altimetry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC AB Good agreement is found between global patterns of TOPEX dynamic height and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) heat storage anomalies from approximately 30 degrees S to 60 degrees N for the 2-year period from 1993 to 1994, with both variables dominated by the biennial signal. This is due to the physical dependence of absolute dynamic height upon relative steric height (i.e., an alias of heat storage). Regression finds these two variables correlated from 0.5 to 0.8 over the global ocean, with slopes of regression ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 x 10(9) W-s m(-2) cm(-1). While these statistics are not definitive, they do provide representative estimates of regression error, sampling error, and sampling frequencies for determining the role that TOPEX altimetry can play in estimating upper ocean heat storage over large portions of the global ocean. We examine this role within the framework of optimum interpolation methodology (Gandin, 1963), finding regression errors for inferred heat storage anomalies larger than instrumental errors expected from XBT heat storage estimates but of the same order as uncertainties incurred from subgrid ambient noise. While this increases the noise-to-signal ratio of the inferred heat storage anomalies by a factor of 2, the greater density of TOPEX observations reduces the interpolation errors for gridded fields of upper ocean heat storage anomalies to half those incurred from the smaller density of XBT sampling. So, when inferred heat storage anomalies are used to compute the time sequence in upper ocean heat storage, anomaly over large portions of the global ocean during 1993-1994, errors of +/-2 W m(-2) are half those achieved with XBT sampling. Moreover, the time rate of change in upper ocean heat storage anomalies becomes statistically significant, with inferred heat storage anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean remaining constant for 1993-1994 but increasing in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The latter dominate the time rate of change of upper ocean heat storage anomaly over the global ocean, yielding an average rate of 3 W m(-2) over the 2-year period. C1 NOAA,NOESII,SSMC,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP White, WB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,9500 GILMAN DR,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 24943 EP 24954 DI 10.1029/95JC02332 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100022 ER PT J AU Katz, EJ Busalacchi, A Bushnell, M Gonzalez, F Gourdeau, L McPhaden, M Picaut, J AF Katz, EJ Busalacchi, A Bushnell, M Gonzalez, F Gourdeau, L McPhaden, M Picaut, J TI A comparison of coincidental time series of the ocean surface height by satellite altimeter, mooring, and inverted echo sounder SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC; GEOSAT AB Altimetric measurements of sea surface height at two locations in the western tropical Pacific Ocean are compared to estimates of the dynamic sea surface height computed from cotemporal surface-to-bottom temperature/salinity measurements on moorings and acoustic travel time measured by bottom-moored inverted echo sounders. The results show statistically high correlation between the in situ measurements at periods greater than 5 days and between the altimeter and in situ measurements at periods greater than 20 days. The rms difference between any two modes of observation is consistently between 2 and 3 cm. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROSPHER PROC LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. ORSTOM,SURTROPAC GRP,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. RP Katz, EJ (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,POB 1000,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 25101 EP 25108 DI 10.1029/95JC01959 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100034 ER PT J AU Picaut, J Busalacchi, AJ McPhaden, MJ Gourdeau, L Gonzalez, FI Hackert, EC AF Picaut, J Busalacchi, AJ McPhaden, MJ Gourdeau, L Gonzalez, FI Hackert, EC TI Open-ocean validation of TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level in the western equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; ZONAL CURRENTS; ROSSBY WAVES; TIDES; KELVIN; MODEL; WIND AB During the verification phase of the TOPEX/POSEIDON radar altimeter mission a rigorous open-ocean validation experiment was conducted in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. From August-September 1992 to February-March 1993, two Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Tropical Atmosphere Ocean moorings at 2 degrees S-156 degrees E (1739 m depth) and 2 degrees S-164.4 degrees E (4400 m depth) were outfitted with additional temperature, salinity, and pressure sensors to measure precisely the dynamic height from the surface to the bottom at 5-min intervals directly beneath two TOPEX/POSEIDON crossovers. Bottom pressure gauges and inverted echo sounders were deployed as well. A predeployment design study using full depth conductivity-temperature-depth casts, subsequently confirmed by postdeployment analyses, indicated this suite of instruments was capable of measuring sea surface height fluctuations to within 1-2 cm. The validation experiment also benefited from the comprehensive set of ocean-atmosphere measurements that were made in the region during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment intensive observation period of November 1992 to February 1993. The surface relative to bottom dynamic height fluctuations observed in situ during the 6-7 month experiment had a standard deviation of 5 cm with excursions of order +/- 15 cm. Energetic steric sea level variability was found to exist on short timescales of order hours to a few days, most notably, the quasi-permanence of strong semidiurnal internal tides. Such internal tides were noted to induce changes in surface dynamic height with a standard deviation of 2 dynamic centimeters. At the shallower of the two sites, 2 degrees S-156 degrees E, a possible nonlinear rectification of the internal tide was observed occasionally to change the dynamic height by as much as 30 cm over less than an hour. On timescales longer than the 10-day repeat of the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite, the low-frequency fluctuations of dynamic height were related to interannual variations corresponding to the 1991-1993 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, to the seasonal cycle, and to intraseasonal variations associated with the 40- to 60-day oscillations of the equatorial zonal wind field. Instantaneous comparisons between the 1-s TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter retrievals and the 5-min dynamic height were performed with regard to several tide models, the barotropic tide measured in situ, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts surface air pressure, and the surface air pressure measured in situ. Depending on the choice of altimeter and of the environmental corrections applied to the altimeter data, the rms differences between the satellite and the in situ measurements of sea level were as low as 3.3 cm at 2 degrees S-156 degrees E and 3.7 cm at 2 degrees S-164.4 degrees E. When additional satellite data in the general vicinity of the mooring are included and after the use of a 30-day low-pass filter, the satellite and in situ data were found to be highly correlated, with correlation coefficients of about 0.95 and rms differences around 1.8 cm. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. HUGHES STX CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROSPHER PROC LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Picaut, J (reprint author), ORSTOM,SURTROPAC GRP,BP 5,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. RI Hackert, Eric/A-9915-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 25109 EP 25127 DI 10.1029/95JC02128 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100035 ER PT J AU Tai, CK Kuhn, J AF Tai, CK Kuhn, J TI Orbit and tide error reduction for the first 2 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ALTIMETRY AB More than 2 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON data (repeat cycles 1-81) are processed with orbit and tide error reduction schemes that preserve the oceanic signal. The rms crossover difference (XD) between heights belonging to the same cycle is a good measure of the errors because the real oceanic variability manifests little of itself in times less than 10 days. This rms XD is reduced from 10.8 to 8.1 cm after the tide error correction and to 6.0 cm after the orbit error reduction and editing, a more than threefold reduction in power, even for the remarkably error-free TOPEX/POSEIDON data. If the mesoscale variability that manages to reveal itself in less than 10 days (e.g., in the western boundary currents) and residual coastal tide errors are screened out, the global area-weighted residual XD is only 4.3 cm, implying that for variability studies the residual error is only 3.0 cm for instantaneous point measurements of altimetric sea level away from coastal regions, far exceeding the prelaunch mission requirement. The important issue of signal preservation (which has been shown analytically elsewhere) is addressed here directly using data treated with orbit reduction as well as untreated data. It is shown that the time-compartmentalized orbit error reduction leaves the annual heating and cooling cycle intact as anticipated by the analytical proof, whereas conventional orbit error removal procedures would wreak havoc. The error of the Cartwright and Ray (1991) tide model is estimated to be in excess of 5 cm (global area-weighted rms including shallow seas). The crossover-difference-inducing part of the orbit correction (which includes any short-term, large-scale, along-track variations) is estimated to be 3.3 cm (along-track rms) for the Joint Gravity Model 2 orbit. The total orbit error is estimated to be 3.5 cm, an independent confirmation of estimates based on satellite tracking and other means. RP Tai, CK (reprint author), NOAA,NOS,GEOSCI LAB,NOES 11,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010; Kuhn, John/F-5602-2010 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 25353 EP 25363 DI 10.1029/95JC02257 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100049 ER PT J AU Willoughby, HE AF Willoughby, HE TI Normal-mode initialization of barotropic vortex motion models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; LINEAR MOTION; SHALLOW-WATER; VORTICES; ASYMMETRIES; STABILITY; SCHEME AB An important limitation of numerical hurricane track forecasts is the difficulty in coaxing the vortex to assume the correct initial motion. Results from a semispectral, barotropic, linear model suggest a remedy. When the model is initialized from axisymmetry and rest in a quiescent environment on a Northern Hemisphere beta plane, the vortex moves toward the northwest. The asymmetric streamfunction field is a dipole such that flow between the cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres advects the vortex. This asymmetry appears to reflect a free oscillation because the asymmetric structure, and the induced motion, persists for a long time in the absence of forcing. When the beta effect is turned off, the motion continues on an f plane, and the dipole can be rotated and scaled to produce any desired initial motion. In the normal-mode interpretation a vortex with cyclonic circulation throughout accelerates poleward rapidly because the beta effect forces a neutral mode at zero frequency. A vortex with angular momentum reduced to zero by encirclement of the cyclonic core with an annulus of anticyclonic flow experiences weaker forcing of a mode at the most anticyclonic orbital frequency of the axisymmetric circulation. Although the latter mode has a weak barotropic instability, acceleration along the curving track is slow, so that this vortex is promising for track forecasting. By careful choice of vortex position and the normal-mode asymmetry's amplitude and orientation at some time before the beginning of the forecast calculation, it is possible to ''preinitialize'' the vortex to pass through a target initial position at the initial time with an arbitrarily chosen initial velocity. In completely cyclonic vortices that have asymptotic decay of the swirling flow with radius, radial wave energy propagation damps the mode at zero frequency. Experimentation with a variety of axisymmetric vortex structures suggests that, with this single qualification, existence of the previously described modes is a general property of barotropic vortices scaled to resemble hurricanes. RP Willoughby, HE (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,HURRICANE RES DIV,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 4501 EP 4514 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4501:NMIOBV>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP389 UT WOS:A1995TP38900007 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW AF Bryant, GW TI Theory for quantum-dot quantum wells: Pair correlation and internal quantum confinement in nanoheterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRON AB Spherical quantum-dot-quantum-well nanocrystallites, with internal radial quantum-well band profiles, can now be fabricated. Pair states in these nanoheterostructures are determined by electron-hole attraction, global confinement in the dot, and local confinement within the well. Configuration-interaction calculations using effective-mass models with screened pair interaction give accurate exciton energies for CdS/HgS quantum-dot quantum wells. Binding energy and pair correlation are suppressed but pair-oscillator strengths are enhanced by adding a HgS quantum well to a CdS quantum dot. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 16997 EP 17000 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700006 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Satija, SK Gallagher, PD Dura, JA Ritley, K Flynn, CP Ankner, JF AF Zhang, H Satija, SK Gallagher, PD Dura, JA Ritley, K Flynn, CP Ankner, JF TI Grazing-incidence neutron diffraction by thin films with resonance enhancement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL SURFACE SCATTERING; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BRAGG-DIFFRACTION; ANGLES; REFLECTION AB Diffraction of neutron standing waves in thin films has been demonstrated with experiments on an epitaxially grown Y/Gd/Y/Nb/Al2O3 sample. Resonance enhancement in the diffraction intensity has been observed. The diffraction intensity distribution has been well explained within the distorted-wave Born approximation. The effect of surface miscut and mosaic spread has been incorporated in the quantitative calculation. In general, the proposed diffraction geometry for thin films equally applies for x rays. In contrast to traditional diffraction geometries, the proposed one discriminates against substrate diffraction, provides certain spatial resolution within the film sample, and may be particularly useful when the conventional diffraction geometries for thin films do not apply. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, MAT RES LAB, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, RES REACTOR, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 17501 EP 17508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.17501 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700073 ER PT J AU BENNETT, PD BROWN, A LINSKY, JL AF BENNETT, PD BROWN, A LINSKY, JL TI A NON-LTE ANALYSIS OF THE ZETA-AURIGAE B-TYPE SECONDARY .1. DETERMINATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PARAMETERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, EARLY-TYPE; STARS, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (ZETA AURIGAE); ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID AUR/VV CEP SYSTEMS; IOTA-HERCULIS; SI-II; STARS; ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRA; LINES; NM AB We present a non-LTE model atmosphere analysis of the B star secondary of zeta Aurigae (B5 V+K4 Ib) and determine its stellar parameters. A grid of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra were computed for stellar parameters typical of mid-B stars, using the TLUSTY and SYNSPEC codes of Hubeny with the lines and continua of H and He calculated in non-LTE. We observed zeta Aur with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at several epochs near the 1993 eclipse. By carefully removing the circumstellar wind features at the two epochs furthest from eclipse, we recovered the intrinsic photospheric spectrum of the B star. The photospheric spectrum of zeta Aur B is compared to the grid of synthetic spectra, and the best fit is determined using a least-squares technique. We find T-eff = 15,400 +/- 300 K, log g = 3.9 +/- 0.1, and v sin i = 200 +/- 15 km s(-1). The corresponding spectral type, using the effective temperature scale of Underhill et al., is B5 V. The C I UV 5, 6, 7, and 9 resonance multiplets (1277-1281 Angstrom) and the Si II UV 4 (1260-1265 Angstrom) and UV 5 (1190-1197 Angstrom) resonance multiplets are observed to be much weaker than our models predict. We empirically determine departure coefficients of C I and Si II by varying the oscillator strengths of transitions of each of these ions until a good match with the GHRS spectra is obtained. For C I, we provide theoretical confirmation of these empirically determined departure coefficients by computing a more detailed model atmosphere including levels and transitions of C I, C II, and C III treated in non-LTE. The synthetic spectra computed from this model are in good agreement with the GHRS observations, and the C I ground-state departure coefficient is consistent with the empirically determined value. We examine several possible causes of the weakness of the Si II lines and conclude that an underabundance due to non-LTE effects is the probable explanation. Previous model atmospheres including Si Ir computed in non-LTE show that the Si II resonance lines are formed essentially in LTE. We suggest that autoionization of Si II (neglected in previous modeling) may shift the silicon ionization balance enough to account for the weakness of the Si II lines. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP BENNETT, PD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 1 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1086/176579 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TG830 UT WOS:A1995TG83000031 ER PT J AU CULHANE, M MCCRAY, R AF CULHANE, M MCCRAY, R TI HYDROGEN MOLECULES IN SN 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, FORMATION; MOLECULAR PROCESSES; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (SN 1987A); SUPERNOVAE REMNANTS; ULTRAVIOLET, ISM ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; EMISSION; PHOTODISSOCIATION; TRANSITION; SN-1987A; SHOCKS; H-2 AB The observations of CO and SiO in the infrared spectrum of SN 1987A clearly indicate that molecules can form in the debris of a supernova explosion. Since H-2 is not easily observable we compute its abundance theoretically. For conditions typical of the inner (v<2500 km s(-1)) envelope of SN 1987A, the fraction of H that is in molecular form rises to similar to 1% by t similar to 800 days. For t<500 days the formation is dominated by the gas-phase reactions H + H+ --> H-2(+) + hv; H-2(+) + H --> H-2 + H+. Thereafter, the formation is dominated by the reactions H + e --> H- + hv; H- + H --> H-2 + e. At early times the H- may absorb similar to 10%-30% of visible photons, contributing to the apparent paucity of H alpha emission. For t>1000 days the abundance of H-2 ''freezes out'' due to the slowing of all reactions. The opacity of the supernova envelope in the range 912 < lambda < 1400 Angstrom (the upper limit depending on temperature) is dominated by resonance scattering in the Lyman and Werner bands of H-2. The resulting fluorescence emission bands of H-2 in the range 1150 < A < 1650 Angstrom may be observable in the UV spectra of supernovae at late times. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP CULHANE, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 1 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1086/176580 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TG830 UT WOS:A1995TG83000032 ER PT J AU XU, LH FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD GILLIES, CW WARNER, HE GILLIES, JZ AF XU, LH FRASER, GT LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD GILLIES, CW WARNER, HE GILLIES, JZ TI THE MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM AND OH INTERNAL-ROTATION DYNAMICS OF GAUCHE-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANOL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; DIPOLE-MOMENT; 2-FLUOROETHANOL; SPECTROSCOPY; BEAM; ALCOHOL AB The microwave spectra of CF3CH2OH and CF3CH2OD have been investigated from 5 to 26 GHz with a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer and from 26 to 42 GHz with an electric resonance optothermal spectrometer. Tunneling of the OH proton between the two isoenergetic gauche conformations splits the observed transitions into two tunneling components. An effective rotation-tunneling Hamiltonian is used to fit the a- and b-type pure rotational and c-type torsional-rotational transitions for both isotopomers to better than 5 and 13 kHz for the OH and OD forms, respectively. The tunneling splittings determined from the fits for the OH and OD isotopomers are 5868.6952(16) and 208.5037(42) MHz, respectively. A structural analysis using the moments of inertia of the OH and OD isotopomers determines that the hydroxyl hydrogen is directed toward the fluorine with a F ... H separation of 2.561(1) Angstrom and a dihedral angle of phi(CCOH) = 68.97(6)degrees. The observed tunneling splittings are fit to a double-minimum potential, giving gauche-gauche tunneling barriers of 763 and 720 cm(-1) and OH torsional fundamental frequencies of 364 and 271 cm(-1) for CF3CH2OH and CF3CH2OD, respectively. The uncertainties shown in parentheses throughout the paper are one standard deviation. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM,TROY,NY 12180. SIENA COLL,DEPT CHEM,LOUDONVILLE,NY 12211. RP XU, LH (reprint author), NIST,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 22 BP 9541 EP 9548 DI 10.1063/1.469968 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH657 UT WOS:A1995TH65700003 ER PT J AU DAGATA, JA AF DAGATA, JA TI DEVICE FABRICATION BY SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SILICON RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5242 BP 1625 EP 1626 DI 10.1126/science.270.5242.1625 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TJ293 UT WOS:A1995TJ29300034 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Demiralp, R Becker, PR Greenberg, RR Koster, BJ Wise, SA AF Mackey, EA Demiralp, R Becker, PR Greenberg, RR Koster, BJ Wise, SA TI Trace element concentrations in cetacean liver tissues archived in the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE marine mammals; pilot whale; harbor porpoise; white-sided dolphin; trace elements; bioaccumulation; instrumental neutron activation analysis; specimen banking ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; MERCURY; METALS; CONTAMINANTS; PORPOISES; DOLPHINS; SELENIUM; COAST; BAY AB The National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB), a collaborative project of several U.S. government agencies, includes marine mammal tissues collected for the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank (NMMTB). Tissues were collected from 139 animals representing 13 species of marine mammals from around the U.S. Recently, concentrations for up to 30 elements in liver tissues of nine long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), six harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and four white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) from the NMMTB were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results from analyses of these tissues are presented, compared with results for liver tissues from other marine mammals from the AMMTAP, and compared with published values. C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP Mackey, EA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 235,B117,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 175 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04822-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TN950 UT WOS:A1995TN95000003 PM 8560237 ER PT J AU GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF GRUBBS, WT DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI BIMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN (ET)(3)SIOH-BASE-CCL4 HYDROGEN-BONDED SOLUTIONS STUDIED BY DEACTIVATION OF THE FREE OH-STRETCH VIBRATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION LIFETIMES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Picosecond infrared (IR) pump-probe measurements of the OH-stretch (nu = 1) population lifetime were performed for uncomplexed (Et)(3)SiOH in room temperature, tertiary (Et)(3)SiOH:base:CCl4 hydrogen-bonded solutions (base = acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine). When base is present in solution, the intrinsic OH-stretch T-1 vibrational population lifetime (183 +/- 6 (1 sigma) ps for (Et)(3)SiOH in CCl4) is reduced by bimolecular (Et)(3)SiOH:base hydrogen-bonding encounters. The base concentration dependence of the ''free'' OH-stretch vibrational deactivation rate is analyzed by a Stem-Volmer kinetic model and a least-squares fit to all the data yielded a single rate constant k(BM) = 1.2 +/- 0.2 X 10(10) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1) for (Et)(3)SiOH:base bimolecular encounters. This value is in agreement with estimates for the bimolecular diffusion limit. k(BM) was found to be the same for all (Et)(3)SiOH:base interactions studied, suggesting that the bimolecular OH-stretch deactivation mechanism is relatively insensitive to the proton-accepting strength of the base. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 6 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 48 BP 11989 EP 11992 DI 10.1021/ja00153a020 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TJ047 UT WOS:A1995TJ04700020 ER PT J AU ZORN, R MCKENNA, GB WILLNER, L RICHTER, D AF ZORN, R MCKENNA, GB WILLNER, L RICHTER, D TI RHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF POLYBUTADIENES HAVING DIFFERENT MICROSTRUCTURES OVER A LARGE TEMPERATURE-RANGE SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; DEPENDENCES; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS AB The rheological behavior of five polybutadienes having different microstructures has been characterized using dynamic mechanical, stress relaxation, and viscosity measurements in a temperature range from just below the conventional glass transition to 100 degrees C above it. The data covered a broad enough frequency (time) and temperature range that we were able to characterize the responses in both the glassy and terminal dispersions of the polymers and to address the question of the validity of thermorheological simplicity. Uncritical application of time-temperature superposition principles to these data resulted in reduced viscoelastic responses that cover 12-14 decades in frequency or time. Close examination of the data in the glassy and terminal dispersions shows that the temperature shift factors required to superpose the data in the two regions are, however, different. Such a deviation from thermorheological simplicity can be analyzed within the framework of the coupling model of Ngai(1-3) that relates the shapes of the dispersion to the temperature dependence of the viscoelastic spectrum. Comparison of the polybutadienes shows differences in glass transition temperature, shape of the segmental relaxation, and fragility that depend on microstructure. Increasing the content of vinyl side groups causes an increase of spectral broadening as well as an increase in fragility-two features which can be related within the coupling model. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP ZORN, R (reprint author), FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, IFF, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. RI Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470; McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 32 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 25 BP 8552 EP 8562 DI 10.1021/ma00129a014 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TH426 UT WOS:A1995TH42600014 ER PT J AU NORTON, LJ KRAMER, EJ BATES, FS GEHLSEN, MD JONES, RAL KARIM, A FELCHER, GP KLEB, R AF NORTON, LJ KRAMER, EJ BATES, FS GEHLSEN, MD JONES, RAL KARIM, A FELCHER, GP KLEB, R TI NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY STUDY OF SURFACE SEGREGATION IN AN ISOTOPIC POLY(ETHYLENEPROPYLENE) BLEND - DEVIATION FROM MEAN-FIELD THEORY SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER BLENDS; WETTING TRANSITIONS; MIXTURES; ENRICHMENT; FILMS; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) was used to measure the concentration profile of a symmetric PEP/dPEP polymer blend with nanometer-scale resolution in the one-phase region. The shape of the profile near the surface was found to differ significantly from mean-field theory predictions for all bulk concentrations and temperatures surveyed. The profile shape is flattened at the surface over a distance about half the bulk correlation length, a length scale far greater than that of the dispersive forces that are the dominant microscopic interaction in such blends. We introduce a new method for extracting the surface energy difference that drives segregation based on the Gibbs adsorption equation (GAE) and compare it to a previous method based on mean-field theory. While both methods produce qualitatively similar results (the surface energy of pure dPEP is similar to 0.21 mJ/m(2) smaller than pure PEP), the GAE method is much less model dependent, requiring knowledge of only the free energy of mixing in the bulk and the measured integral excess and surface composition. The surface energy difference between dPEP and PEP is similar to 2.6 times larger than that for dPS and PS, a factor in good agreement with the expectation that the surface energy difference between the isotopically different polymers arises from the same van der Waals interaction that leads to a positive Flory segment-segment interaction parameter chi in these blends. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,CTR MAT SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAVENDISH LAB,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE,ENGLAND. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. OI Jones, Richard/0000-0001-5400-6369; Bates, Frank/0000-0003-3977-1278 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 25 BP 8621 EP 8628 DI 10.1021/ma00129a022 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TH426 UT WOS:A1995TH42600022 ER PT J AU TAN, JN BOLLINGER, JJ JELENKOVIC, B WINELAND, DJ AF TAN, JN BOLLINGER, JJ JELENKOVIC, B WINELAND, DJ TI LONG-RANGE ORDER IN LASER-COOLED, ATOMIC-ION WIGNER CRYSTALS OBSERVED BY BRAGG SCATTERING SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-COMPONENT PLASMAS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; STORAGE RING; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; FIELD; PHASE; COLD; TRAP AB We report the first observation of Bragg scattering from atomic ions confined in an electromagnetic trap. The results reveal long-range order and give evidence for bulk behavior in a strongly coupled collection of laser-cooled Be-9(+) ions in a Penning trap. Long-range order emerges in approximately spherical clouds with as few as 5 x 10(4) ions (cloud radius r(0) approximate to 37a where a = Wigner-Seitz radius). Bulk behavior is evident with 2.7 x 10(5) trapped ions (r(0) approximate to 65a), with Bragg scattering patterns characteristic of a body-centered cubic lattice. RP TAN, JN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4198 EP 4201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4198 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100011 ER PT J AU STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT STILES, MD ZANGWILL, A SANDER, LM AF STROSCIO, JA PIERCE, DT STILES, MD ZANGWILL, A SANDER, LM TI COARSENING OF UNSTABLE SURFACE-FEATURES DURING FE(001) HOMOEPITAXY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH; CONTINUUM; MODELS AB The evolution of the surface potential during homoepitaxial growth of Fe(001) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction. The observed morphology exhibits a non-self-affine collection of moundlike features that maintain their shape but coarsen as growth proceeds. The characteristic feature separation L is set in the submonolayer regime and increases with thickness t as L(t) approximate to t(0.16+/-0.04). During the coarsening phase, the mounds are characterized by a magic slope and a lack of reflection symmetry. These observations are shown to be described by a continuum growth equation without capillarity. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTRON PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 32 TC 223 Z9 225 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4246 EP 4249 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4246 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100023 ER PT J AU CARTER, WC ROOSEN, AR CAHN, JW TAYLOR, JE AF CARTER, WC ROOSEN, AR CAHN, JW TAYLOR, JE TI SHAPE EVOLUTION BY SURFACE-DIFFUSION END SURFACE ATTACHMENT LIMITED KINETICS ON COMPLETELY FACETED SURFACES SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article AB The evolution of two-dimensional shapes to equilibrium shapes is investigated for two kinetic mechanisms, surface diffusion and surface attachment limited kinetics. Qualitative differences are found that may be used in experiments for easy distinction among the two mechanisms, and find topological changes not expected for the corresponding isotropic problems. We take advantage of the mathematical developments for surface evolution and equilibration problems when surface energy anisotropy is ''crystalline'', so extreme that crystals are fully faceted. We confirm the prediction that with this anisotropy these problems are more easily solvable than for lesser anisotropies, and the techniques developed may even be useful for approximating isotropic problems. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA. RP CARTER, WC (reprint author), NIST, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 12 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4309 EP 4323 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(95)00134-H PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TG524 UT WOS:A1995TG52400009 ER PT J AU YOUNG, M HALE, PD AF YOUNG, M HALE, PD TI OFF-AXIS ILLUMINATION AND ITS RELATION TO PARTIAL COHERENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT; MICROSCOPE; IMAGE AB We calculate the partially coherent images of an edge in one dimension by the method of adding intensities, that is, by modeling the illumination as an array of mutually incoherent plane waves incident over a range of angles. In order to visualize the transition between coherent and incoherent imaging, we display images that result from such off-axis plane waves; these images change considerably as the angle of illumination changes. The calculations are easily carried out on a microcomputer with a high-level mathematics program. The results shed light on off-axis and dark-field illumination as well. Finally, we elucidate a distinction between imaging with the aperture stop in the transform plane and imaging with the aperture stop distant from the transform plane. RP YOUNG, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV OPTOELECTR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1136 EP 1141 DI 10.1119/1.18020 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA TG794 UT WOS:A1995TG79400016 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, SA AF MARGOLIS, SA TI AMPEROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE IN TRANSFORMER OIL USING KARL-FISCHER REAGENTS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Moisture was measured in two oil Reference Materials (RMs), transformer oil (RM 8506) and mineral oil (RM 8507), by the volumetric and coulometric Karl Fischer methods, A variety of analysis conditions were used, including the solvent composition of the titration vessel, The maximum amount of moisture was obtained when the chloroform content of the titration vessel was above 65% after the solvent had been titrated to dryness, The highest moisture titers were measured by the volumetric method using either the Hydranal or pyridine-based Karl Fischer reagents or by the coulometric method using Hydranal AG-H reagent, Other coulometric reagents measured lower amounts of moisture even after the addition of organic solvents. Although the Hydranal AG-H recent measured moisture levels comparable to the volumetric reagents, it was necessary to correct the measurements for the reduced titration of the standard when using this reagent. The effect of the dissolution of the oil in the titration vessel solution was examined, When the oil is not completely dissolved in the titration vessel solution, it is capable of binding or sequestering a portion of the water so that the moisture is unavailable to react with the Karl Fischer reagent. RP MARGOLIS, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4239 EP 4246 DI 10.1021/ac00119a006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800011 ER PT J AU SHARPLESS, KS DUEWER, DL AF SHARPLESS, KS DUEWER, DL TI POPULATION-DISTRIBUTIONS AND INTRALABORATORY REPRODUCIBILITY FOR FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN RELATED-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN SERUM SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HUMAN-PLASMA; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; WHITE WOMEN; RETINOL; RISK; MEN AB Concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol, retinol, and retinyl palmitate have been determined in over 1400 human sera from two epidemiological studies, Complete adult population distributions for these analytes, and for a chromatographically defined ''total carotenoids'' component, are detailed as data-defined histograms, The distributions for retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations are much narrower than those for the other analytes. Information provided by analysis of control samples facilitated intercomparison of the two studies and provided univariate and bivariate estimates of the intralaboratory measurement reproducibility. The utility of an analytical measurement is shown to be dependent on both the measurement uncertainty and the distribution of the analyte within the population. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CP-0514, Y01-CP-20515] NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4416 EP 4422 DI 10.1021/ac00119a034 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800039 PM 8633780 ER PT J AU EVANS, CJ PARKS, RE SULLIVAN, PJ TAYLOR, JS AF EVANS, CJ PARKS, RE SULLIVAN, PJ TAYLOR, JS TI VISUALIZATION OF SURFACE FIGURE BY THE USE OF ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE OPTICAL TESTING; INTERFEROMETERS; ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS; POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY AB Commercial software in modern interferometers used in optical testing frequently fit the wave-front or surface-figure error to Zernike polynomials; typically 37 coefficients are provided. We provide visual representations of these data in a form that may help optical fabricators decide how to improve their process or how to optimize system assembly. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP EVANS, CJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV PRECIS ENGN,A-117 METROL BLDG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 34 BP 7815 EP 7819 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA TH295 UT WOS:A1995TH29500002 PM 21068872 ER PT J AU CHENAULT, DB SNAIL, KA HANSSEN, LM AF CHENAULT, DB SNAIL, KA HANSSEN, LM TI IMPROVED INTEGRATING-SPHERE THROUGHPUT WITH A LENS AND NONIMAGING CONCENTRATOR SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB A reflectometer design utilizing an integrating sphere with a lens and nonimaging concentrator is described. Compared with previous designs where a collimator was used to restrict the detector field of view, the concentrator-lens combination significantly increases the throughput of the reflectometer. A procedure for designing lens-concentrators is given along with the results of parametric studies. The measured angular response of a lens-concentrator system is compared with ray-trace predictions and with the response of an ideal system. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America C1 NIST,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHENAULT, DB (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,CODE 5622,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 34 BP 7959 EP 7964 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA TH295 UT WOS:A1995TH29500022 PM 21068891 ER PT J AU PETROV, KP WALTMAN, S SIMON, U CURL, RF TITTEL, FK DLUGOKENCKY, EJ AF PETROV, KP WALTMAN, S SIMON, U CURL, RF TITTEL, FK DLUGOKENCKY, EJ TI DETECTION OF METHANE IN AIR USING DIODE-LASER-PUMPED DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION NEAR 3.2 MU-M SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; AGGAS2 AB Spectroscopic detection of the methane in natural air using an 800 nm diode laser and a diode-pumped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to produce tunable light near 3.2 mu m is reported. The lasers were pump sources for ring-cavity-enhanced tunable difference-frequency mixing in AgGaS2. IR frequency tuning between 3076 and 3183 cm(-1) was performed by crystal rotation and tuning of the extended-cavity diode laser. Feedback stabilization of the IR power reduced intensity noise below the detector noise level. Direct absorption and wavelength-modulation (2f) spectroscopy of the methane in natural air at 10.7 kPa (80 torr) were Performed in a 1 m single-pass cell with 1 mu W probe power. Methane has also been detected using a 3.2 mu m confocal build-up cavity in conjunction with an intracavity absorption cell. The best methane detection limit observed was 12 ppb m (Hz.)(-1/2). C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77251. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PETROV, KP (reprint author), RICE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,POB 1892,HOUSTON,TX 77251, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1007/BF01091213 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA TH557 UT WOS:A1995TH55700003 ER PT J AU Nichiporov, D Kostjuchenko, V Puhl, JM Bensen, DL Desrosiers, MF Dick, CE McLaughlin, WL Kojima, T Coursey, BM Zink, S AF Nichiporov, D Kostjuchenko, V Puhl, JM Bensen, DL Desrosiers, MF Dick, CE McLaughlin, WL Kojima, T Coursey, BM Zink, S TI Investigation of applicability of alanine and radiochromic detectors to dosimetry of proton clinical beams SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB Cancer therapy studies using proton accelerators are underway in several major medical centers in the U.S., Russia, Japan and elsewhere. To facilitate dosimetry intercomparisons between these laboratories, alanine-based detectors produced at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and commercially available radiochromic films were studied for their possible use as passive transfer dosimeters for clinical proton beams. Evaluation of characteristics of these instruments, including the LET dependence of their response of proton energy, was carried out at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. Results of absolute dose measurements were regarded as a preliminary step of dose intercomparison between ITEP and NIST. Measurements made in a number of experiments showed average agreement between the ITEP and NIST dosimetry standards to 2.5%. C1 INST THEORET & EXPTL PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TAKASAKI, GUMMA, JAPAN. NATL INST HLTH, NCI, BETHESDA, MD USA. RP US TECHNOL ADM, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS LAB, DIV IONIZING RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(95)00213-W PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TK625 UT WOS:A1995TK62500010 PM 8563704 ER PT J AU Kojima, T Kashiwazaki, S Tachibana, H Tanaka, R Desrosiers, MF McLaughlin, WL AF Kojima, T Kashiwazaki, S Tachibana, H Tanaka, R Desrosiers, MF McLaughlin, WL TI Orientation effects on ESR analysis of alanine-polymer dosimeters SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB Orientation effects during electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement are studied on alanine-polymer dosimeters prepared by different molding procedures (press-molding or extrusion), and also according to different shapes (rods with different lengths and thin-films). The variation in ESR signal amplitude was measured by rotating a dosimeter around the vertical mid-axis and at a right angle to the magnetic field in the ESR cavity, at a temperature of 22 degrees C. Orientation effects for rod dosimeters with both molding procedures (press and extrusion), and with different lengths, were negligible. Thin-film dosimeters molded by extrusion show a pronounced orientation effect when the samples are cut into disks and positioned horizontally (parallel to the magnetic field) during readout in the ESR cavity. Orientation effects on the film dosimeters can be eliminated, however, when they are positioned vertically and parallel to the mid-axis of the ESR cavity. C1 HITACHI CABLE LTD,POWER SYST LAB,HITACHI,IBARAKI 31914,JAPAN. US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Kojima, T (reprint author), JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,TAKASAKI RADIAT CHEM RES ESTAB,1233 WATANUKI MACHI,TAKASAKI,GUMMA 37012,JAPAN. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1411 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(95)00235-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TK625 UT WOS:A1995TK62500017 ER PT J AU MELAS, D KAMBEZIDIS, HD WALMSLEY, JL MOUSSIOPOULOS, N BORNSTEIN, RD KLEMM, O ASIMAKOPOULOS, DN SCHIERMEIER, FA AF MELAS, D KAMBEZIDIS, HD WALMSLEY, JL MOUSSIOPOULOS, N BORNSTEIN, RD KLEMM, O ASIMAKOPOULOS, DN SCHIERMEIER, FA TI REPORT OF MEETING - NATO/CCMS PILOT-STUDY WORKSHOP ON AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION OVER COASTAL URBAN AREAS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE COASTAL URBAN AREA; AIR POLLUTION TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION AB The NATO/CCMS Pilot Study ''Air pollution transport and diffusion over coastal urban areas'' held an international workshop in Athens, 3-5 May 1993. The objective of this workshop was to develop guidelines for a reference experiment in a coastal urban area. It was intended that the guidelines would be sufficiently general that they could be applied to any coastal urban area, but Athens was borne in mind as a suitable candidate location. On the first day of the workshop, invited speakers delivered their lectures on different issues of dispersion in urban coastal areas. The second day was devoted to discussions in working groups focusing On key issues, such as, emissions' inventory, meteorological measurements, surface pollutant concentration measurements, aircraft measurements, remote sensing and model evaluation. On the final half-day the rapporteur from each working group reported on its work. Their reports are briefly summarized in the present paper. C1 ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM NATL OBSERV ATHENS,INST METEOROL & PHYS,NATO,CCMS PILOT STUDY,GR-11810 ATHENS,GREECE. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW,ON M3H 5T4,CANADA. ARISTOTELIAN UNIV THESSALONIKI,HEAT TRANSFER & ENVIRONM ENGN LAB,GR-54006 THESSALONIKI,GREECE. SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,D-82491 GARMISCH PARTENKI,GERMANY. UNIV ATHENS,METEOROL LAB,GR-10680 ATHENS,GREECE. US EPA,NOAA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MELAS, D (reprint author), ARISTOTELIAN UNIV THESSALONIKI,ATMOSPHER PHYS LAB,GR-54006 THESSALONIKI,GREECE. RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 29 IS 24 BP 3713 EP 3718 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00132-I PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TH069 UT WOS:A1995TH06900011 ER PT J AU Smith, JW AF Smith, JW TI Life history of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Osteichthyes : Rachycentridae), in North Carolina waters SO BRIMLEYANA LA English DT Article AB Cobia (n = 416) were collected primarily along the central North Carolina Atlantic coast from recreational anglers between 1983 and 1994. Males (n 174) ranged up to 136-cm fork length (FL) and 32.0 kg, and females (n = 182) up to 142-cm FL and 32.2 kg. Most cobia greater than 100-cm FL were females. Ages of cobia (to age 14) were estimated by counting opaque zones on cross-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Von Bertalanffy growth parameter (k) estimates were 0.37 for males and 0.24 for females. Adult cobia occurred in major sounds and coastal Atlantic waters of North Carolina from May through July, and in nearshore oceanic waters through fall. Cobia may overwinter between Cape Fear and Cape Canaveral at depths of 30-75 m. Cobia fed chiefly on demersal crustaceans and fishes in the study area. Cobia may be one of the few teleosts that regularly consumed small elasmobranchs. Male cobia were sexually mature at 60-65-cm FL (age 2), and females at 80-cm FL (age 2). Cobia spawned May through July along the North Carolina coast, and ocean waters adjacent major coastal inlets were probable sites for cobia spawning activity. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Smith, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM NATURAL SCIENCES PI RALEIGH PA C/O DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH, PO BOX 29555, RALEIGH, NC 27626-0555 USA SN 0193-4406 J9 BRIMLEYANA JI Brimleyana PD DEC PY 1995 IS 23 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V3052 UT WOS:000169556300001 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM AF Lewis, JM TI The story behind the Bowen ratio SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Ira Sprague Bowen (1898-1973) was a prominent astrophysicist during the twentieth century. In his impressive oeuvre of work over the 50-year span (1920-70), there appears a lone contribution to the geophysical sciences on the subject of evaporation and conduction from water surfaces. This theoretical development led to an expression for the ratio of heat conduction to evaporative flux at the air-water interface, labeled the Bowen ratio by Harald Sverdrup in the early 1940s. The circumstances that led to this contribution are examined with attention to the character of education and research at the California Institute of Technology during the 1920s. Bowen was unaware of the important precedent work in meteorology and fluid dynamics that is also reviewed. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2433 EP 2443 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<2433:TSBTBR>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TM241 UT WOS:A1995TM24100006 ER PT J AU Johnson, VC Carr, FH AF Johnson, VC Carr, FH TI A mesoscale meteorology course for university faculty SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP Johnson, VC (reprint author), COMET,BOX 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2459 EP 2462 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<2459:AMMCFU>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TM241 UT WOS:A1995TM24100008 ER PT J AU Chase, MW Ansara, I Dinsdale, A Eriksson, G Grimvall, G Hoglund, L Yokokawa, H AF Chase, MW Ansara, I Dinsdale, A Eriksson, G Grimvall, G Hoglund, L Yokokawa, H TI Group 1: Heat capacity models for crystalline phases from 0 K to 6000 K SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermodynamic Models and Data for Pure Elements and Other Endmembers of Solutions CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 1995 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY AB The goal of this group was to adopt or develop models to represent the heat capacity of an element or compound in the crystal, liquid, or gaseous states. For the condensed phases, it is a relatively straight forward procedure to treat heat capacity and/or enthalpy data mathematically to generate temperature dependent thermal functions. To represent these same thermal functions by a universal model is not always so easy. It is important to note that the ''highest quality'' set of thermal functions might not always be compatible with a universal model. Although other groups were discussing transition phenomena and the extrapolation into metastable regions for the condensed phases, we recognised that their deliberations would have a great impact on our proposal. C1 LAB THERMODYN PHYS CHIM MET, ST MARTIN DHERES, FRANCE. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, LEHRSTUHL THEOR HUTTENKUNDE, W-5100 AACHEN, GERMANY. ROYAL INST TECH THEOR PHYS, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. ROYAL INST TECH MAT SCI ENGN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. NATL INST MAT CHEM RES, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, JAPAN. RP Chase, MW (reprint author), NIST, STAND REFERENCE DATA PROGRAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Dinsdale, Alan/F-7880-2013 OI Dinsdale, Alan/0000-0002-5543-3191 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 437 EP 447 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UH891 UT WOS:A1995UH89100002 ER PT J AU Agren, J Cheynet, B ClavagueraMora, MT Hack, K Hertz, J Sommer, F Kattner, U AF Agren, J Cheynet, B ClavagueraMora, MT Hack, K Hertz, J Sommer, F Kattner, U TI GROUP 2: Extrapolation of the heat capacity in liquid and amorphous phases SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermodynamic Models and Data for Pure Elements and Other Endmembers of Solutions CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 1995 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY ID GLASS-TRANSITION; THERMODYNAMICS AB Various methods of extrapolating the thermodynamic properties of the liquid will be discussed. A phenomenological method based on polynomials as well as a more physical method based on an extended two-state Schottky formalism will be presented and their application to some substances will be demonstrated. C1 THERMODATA,GRENOBLE,FRANCE. UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT FIS,BARCELONA,SPAIN. GTT TECHNOL,HERZOGENRATH,GERMANY. UNIV HENRI POINCARE,LAB THERMODYNAM,NANCY,FRANCE. MAX PLANCK INST EISENFORSCH GMBH,INST WEKSTOFFWISSENSCH,STUTTGART,GERMANY. NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Agren, J (reprint author), ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 449 EP 480 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UH891 UT WOS:A1995UH89100003 ER PT J AU Burton, B Chart, TG Lukas, HL Pelton, AD Seifert, H Spencer, P AF Burton, B Chart, TG Lukas, HL Pelton, AD Seifert, H Spencer, P TI GROUP 5: Estimation of enthalpies and entropies of transition SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermodynamic Models and Data for Pure Elements and Other Endmembers of Solutions CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 1995 CL SCHLOSS RINGBERG, GERMANY ID VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; COHESIVE PROPERTIES; UNIVERSAL EQUATION; METALS; STATE; CARBIDES; SOLIDS C1 NPL,MTDS,TEDDINGTON,MIDDX,ENGLAND. MAX PLANCK INST,PML,STUTTGART,GERMANY. ECOLE POLYTECH,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3A7,CANADA. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN,LEHRSTUHL THEOR HUTTENKUNDE,W-5100 AACHEN,GERMANY. RP Burton, B (reprint author), NIST,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 537 EP 553 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA UH891 UT WOS:A1995UH89100006 ER PT J AU Bigelow, KA Jones, JT DiNardo, GT AF Bigelow, KA Jones, JT DiNardo, GT TI Growth of the Pacific pomfret, Brama japonica: A comparison between otolith and length-frequency (MULTIFAN) analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERS AB Age and growth of the Pacific pomfret, Brama japonica, were independently estimated with presumed daily increments within otolith microstructure and MULTIFAN analysis of length-frequency distributions obtained from drift net fisheries. Likelihood ratio tests detected significant differences between sexes and geographic areas in von Bertalanffy parameter estimates from otolith analysis. Otolith interpretations indicated that the species is short lived (age 3+), fast growing (growth coefficient (K) > 1.1), and fully recruited to the North Pacific squid drift net fishery at <1 yr old. Back-calculated hatching dates indicate a protracted spawning period. MULTIFAN models fit the length-frequency data with an assumption of both annual and biannual recruitment. Growth parameter estimates were asymptotic fork length (FL,) = 49.9 cm, K = 0.57 for an annual cohort model, and FL(infinity) = 49.4 cm, K = 1.0 for a biannual cohort model. The growth model derived from otolith increment counts is closer to the MULTIFAN model that assumes biannual length-frequency modes, rather than annual modes. RP Bigelow, KA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2747 EP 2756 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UA096 UT WOS:A1995UA09600021 ER PT J AU Karl, T Bretherton, F Easterling, W Miller, C Trenberth, K AF Karl, T Bretherton, F Easterling, W Miller, C Trenberth, K TI Long-term climate monitoring by the global climate observing system (GCOS) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System CY JAN 09-11, 1995 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP WMO, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanogr Commiss, UNEP, Int Council Sci Union C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP Karl, T (reprint author), NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,151 PATTON AVE,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. RI Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF01095142 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500003 ER PT J AU Karl, TR Derr, VE Easterling, DR Folland, CK Hofmann, DJ Levitus, S Nicholls, N Parker, DE Withee, GW AF Karl, TR Derr, VE Easterling, DR Folland, CK Hofmann, DJ Levitus, S Nicholls, N Parker, DE Withee, GW TI Critical issues for long-term climate monitoring SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System CY JAN 09-11, 1995 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP WMO, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanogr Commiss, UNEP, Int Council Sci Union ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-LATITUDES; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; GREENHOUSE; OCEAN; OZONE; THERMOMETER; AEROSOL; MAXIMUM AB Even after extensive re-working of past data, in many instances we are incapable of resolving important aspects concerning climate change and variability. Virtually every monitoring system and data set requires better data quality, continuity, and homogeneity** if we expect to conclusively answer questions of interest to both scientists and policy-makers. This is a result of the fact that long-term meteorological data, (both satellite and conventional) both now and in the past, are and have been collected primarily for weather prediction, and only in some cases, to describe the current climate. Long-term climate monitoring, capable of resolving decade-to-century scale changes in climate, requires different strategies of operation. Furthermore, the continued degradation of conventional surface-based observing systems in many countries (both developed and developing) is an ominous sign with respect to sustaining present capabilities into the future. Satellite-based observing platforms alone will not, and cannot, provide all the necessary measurements. Moreover, it is clear that for satellite measurements to be useful in long-term climate monitoring much wiser implementation and monitoring practices must be undertaken to avoid problems of data inhomogeneity that currently plague space-based measurements. Continued investment in data analyses to minimize time-varying biases and other data quality problems from historical data are essential if we are to adequately understand climate change, but they will never replace foresight with respect to ongoing and planned observing systems required for climate monitoring. Fortunately, serious planning for a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is now underway that provides an opportunity to rectify the current crisis. C1 NOAA, ERL, OAR, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UKMO, HADLEY CTR, BRACKNELL RG12 2SY, BERKS, ENGLAND. NOAA, NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV, NODC, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. BMRC, MELBOURNE, VIC, AUSTRALIA. NOAA, NESDIS, SUITLAND, MD 20233 USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, FED BLDG, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 USA. RI Folland, Chris/I-2524-2013; Nicholls, Neville/A-1240-2008 NR 77 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 185 EP 221 DI 10.1007/BF01095146 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500007 ER PT J AU Mahlman, JD AF Mahlman, JD TI Toward a scientific centered climate monitoring system SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System CY JAN 09-11, 1995 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP WMO, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanogr Commiss, UNEP, Int Council Sci Union RP Mahlman, JD (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/BF01095147 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500008 ER PT J AU Elliott, WP AF Elliott, WP TI On detecting long-term changes in atmospheric moisture SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System CY JAN 09-11, 1995 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP WMO, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanogr Commiss, UNEP, Int Council Sci Union ID RANGE-WEATHER-FORECASTS; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; METHANE AB Long-term temperature changes are expected to give rise to changes in the water vapor content of the atmosphere, which in turn would accentuate the temperature change. It is thus important to monitor water vapor in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. This paper reviews existing data for such an endeavor and the prospects for improvement in monitoring. In general, radiosondes provide the longest record but the data are fraught with problems, some arising from the distribution of stations and some from data continuity questions arising from the use of different measuring devices over both time at one place and over space at any one time. Satellite records are now of limited duration but they will soon be useful in detecting changes. Satellite water vapor observations have their own limitations; there is no one system capable of measuring water vapor over all surfaces in all varieties of weather. Among the needs are careful analysis of existing records, the collection of metadata about the measuring systems, the development of a transfer standard radiosonde system, and the commitment to maintaining an observing system dedicated to describing any climate changes worldwide. RP Elliott, WP (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1315 E WEST HWY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1007/BF01095152 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500013 ER PT J AU Levitus, S Antonov, J AF Levitus, S Antonov, J TI Observational evidence of interannual to decadal-scale variability of the subsurface temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System CY JAN 09-11, 1995 CL ASHEVILLE, NC SP WMO, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanogr Commiss, UNEP, Int Council Sci Union ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MEDITERRANEAN DEEP-WATER; INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA; CIRCULATION; INTERMEDIATE; FLUCTUATIONS; CLIMATE AB We present a brief summary of some results describing interannual to decade scale variability of ocean parameters, focusing on subsurface temperature and salinity. We focus attention on the North Atlantic, where it is very clear that a major redistribution of heat and salt has been occurring since 1960, from the sea surface to at least 3000 m depth. We then discuss implications of these examples of historical variability toward development of an ocean monitoring system for the ocean interior. The purpose of this paper reflects our belief that the justification of, and planning for, any such monitoring system for the world ocean, should be based on analyses of historical oceanographic data. These analyses should document the time and space scales associated with variability of the world ocean. RP NOAA, NODC, E-OC5, UNIV BLDG, 1825 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20235 USA. NR 76 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 495 EP 514 DI 10.1007/BF01095159 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500020 ER PT J AU Karl, TR AF Karl, TR TI International Meeting of Experts, Asheville, North Carolina, USA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article RP Karl, TR (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,151 PATTON AVE,ROOM 120,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1007/BF01095140 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP565 UT WOS:A1995TP56500001 ER PT J AU SOREIDE, NN MCCARTY, LC MCCLURG, DC AF SOREIDE, NN MCCARTY, LC MCCLURG, DC TI MOSAIC ACCESS TO REAL-TIME DATA FROM THE TOGA-TAO ARRAY OF MOORED BUOYS SO COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International World-Wide Web Conference - Mosaic and the Web CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL DE TAO; TOGA-TAO; BUOY; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; CURRENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY; METEOROLOGY; REAL-TIME DATA; MOORED BUOY; CLIMATE; ENVIRONMENT; EL NINO; CLIMATE OBSERVING; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WINDS AB The TAO Array is a major component of the global climate monitoring system, consisting of approximately 70 moored buoys, spanning the Equatorial Pacific Ocean from 95W in the eastern Pacific to 137E in the west, and telemetering atmospheric and oceanographic data in real time to shore-based computers via the NOAA. Argos satellite system. The TAO array allows, for the first time, observationally coherent basin-wide fields of wind and upper ocean thermal and current structure to be constructed in real time for assimilation into numerical models and for diagnostic studies. The TAO array is supported by an international consortium, involving cooperation between the United States, France, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Real-time data from the TOGA-TAO Array of moored buoys is being made available through a Mosaic interface designed by the TAO Project office at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory, in Seattle, Washington. At present, displays include latitude-time plots, longitude-time plots and latitude-longitude plots of surface variables, and are being expanded to include additional views of the four-dimensional data set from this array of buoys, including animations of the buoy data and comparisions of the buoy data with operational analyses model data from the National Meteorological Center. RP SOREIDE, NN (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7552 J9 COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN JI Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0169-7552(95)00099-7 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA TK326 UT WOS:A1995TK32600021 ER PT J AU Taillie, C Patil, GP Hennemuth, RC AF Taillie, C. Patil, G. P. Hennemuth, R. C. TI Modelling and analysis of recruitment distributions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE fishery data; goodness of fit; maximum likelihood; removal model; weighted distributions AB Recruitment data for 18 marine fish stocks are smoothed using 10 parametric families of probability distributions. Comparative fit of the 10 families is assessed by means of the maximized log-likelihood. Results indicate that the gamma distribution provides an overall good fit in the right-hand tail of the data, but that some adjustment to the gamma distribution is called for in the left-hand tail. Weight functions and weighted distributions are suggested as one means of achieving the needed adjustment. C1 [Taillie, C.; Patil, G. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Ecol & Environm Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hennemuth, R. C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Taillie, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Ecol & Environm Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1007/BF00569361 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA V31TM UT WOS:000208905900004 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Olla, BL AF Davis, MW Olla, BL TI Formation and maintenance of aggregations in walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae under laboratory conditions: Role of visual and chemical stimuli SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE behavior; chemosensory; distribution; fish larvae; orientation; olfaction; patches; vision ID CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HERRING LARVAE; PLANKTON; GROWTH; LIGHT; PATCH; FOOD; PREY; FISH AB Although planktonic marine fish larvae are often distributed in aggregations, the role of behavioral responses to environmental factors in these aggregations is not well understood. This work examines, under laboratory conditions, the influence of visual and chemical stimuli in the formation and maintenance of aggregations in walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae. Larvae were exposed to a horizontal gradient of light (visual stimulus), prey scent (chemical stimuli: squid/copepod and rotifer) or prey density (visual & chemical stimuli: rotifers). While larvae did not respond to prey scent, they did respond to a gradient of light or prey, which resulted in the formation and maintenance of aggregations. Larvae moved into and remained in a zone of higher light intensity (0.56 versus 0.01 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)). Once encountering a patch of prey, larvae remained aggregated within the patch to feed. In nature, movement of walleye pollock larvae in response to selected environmental factors (e.g., gravity, light, temperature, turbulence) may serendipitously bring them into contact with prey patches, where they then could remain to feed as long as light intensity remained at or above levels necessary for feeding. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 4 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1007/BF00008253 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TQ925 UT WOS:A1995TQ92500010 ER PT J AU ROZAS, LP AF ROZAS, LP TI HYDROPERIOD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON NEKTON USE OF THE SALT-MARSH - A PULSING ECOSYSTEM SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pulsed Ecosystems - A New Paradigm/Estuarine-Research-Federation Meeting CY NOV, 1993 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP Estuarine Res Federat ID CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; SEA-LEVEL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RIBBED MUSSELS; BRACKISH MARSH; NORTH-CAROLINA; BROWN SHRIMP; TIDAL MARSH AB The salt marsh surface is not a homogeneous environment. Rather, it contains a mix of different micro-habitats, which vary in elevation, microtopography, and location within the estuarine system. These attributes act in concert with astronomical tides and meteorological and climatological events and result in pulses of tidal flooding. Marsh hydroperiod, the pattern of flooding events, not only controls nekton access to marsh surface habitats directly but may also mediate habitat exploitation through its influence on other factors, such as prey abundance or vegetation stem density. The relative importance of factors affecting marsh hydroperiod differ between the southeast Atlantic and northern Gulf of Mexico coasts. Astronomical tidal forcing is the primary determinant of hydroperiod in Atlantic Coast marshes, whereas predictable tides are often overridden by meteorological events in Gulf Coast marshes. In addition, other factors influencing coastal water levels have a proportionately greater effect on the Gulf Coast. The relatively unpredictable timing of marsh flooding along the Gulf Coast does not seem to limit habitat utilization. Some of the highest densities of nekton reported from salt marshes are from Gulf Coast marshes that are undergoing gradual submergence and fragmentation caused by an accelerated rise in relative sea level. Additional studies of habitat utilization are needed, especially on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Investigations should include regional comparisons of similar microhabitats using identical quantitative sampling methods. Controlled field experiments are also needed to elucidate the mechanisms that affect the habitat function of salt marshes. RP ROZAS, LP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,4700 AVE U,GALVESTON,TX 77551, USA. NR 104 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 11 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.2307/1352378 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TA813 UT WOS:A1995TA81300005 ER PT J AU Hertz, HS AF Hertz, HS TI Development of an international directory of reference methods and reference materials SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFCC/WHO Meeting on Reference Materials and Reference Measurement Systems in Laboratory Medicine CY OCT 05-07, 1994 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP IFCC, WHO AB Laboratorians have a need for a resource document that includes citations for definitive methods, reference methods and materials, and related information. In preparation for the IFCC meeting on Reference Materials and Reference Measurement Systems in Laboratory Medicine held in Geneva in October 1994, a Working Group recommended that such a sourcebook be made internationally available and that it meet the criteria embodied in Wet-king Group recommendations. It was proposed that this sourcebook be based on the Sourcebook of Reference Methods, Materials, and Related Information for the Clinical Laboratory. Proposed Guideline, NCCLS Publication NRSCL 12-P. This paper contains the Working Group recommendations, an NCCLS proposal presented in Geneva for preparation of an international sourcebook, a summary of the discussions and meeting Steering Group request from Geneva, and the NCCLS responses to the Steering Group request. C1 NATL COMM CLIN LAB STANDARDIZAT,WAYNE,PA. RP Hertz, HS (reprint author), NIST,A-537,BLDG 101,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-4974 J9 EUR J CLIN CHEM CLIN JI Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 999 EP 1002 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA TN098 UT WOS:A1995TN09800017 PM 8845436 ER PT J AU SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF ZEIDLER, T ZABEL, H MAJKRZAK, CF SCHAFER, M GRUNBERG, P AF SCHREYER, A ANKNER, JF ZEIDLER, T ZABEL, H MAJKRZAK, CF SCHAFER, M GRUNBERG, P TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF NONCOLLINEAR SPIN STRUCTURES IN FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BIQUADRATIC EXCHANGE; MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; MECHANISM; GROWTH; FILMS AB We have studied the non-collinear interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/Cr(001) superlattices as a function of growth temperature using polarized neutron reflectometry with exit beam polarization analysis. We confirm that the occurrence of non-collinear spin structures is correlated with long-range lateral Cr thickness fluctuations, which, in turn, depend on the growth temperature. We find surprisingly strong coupling between the Fe layers. We explain our data using the recently proposed proximity magnetism model instead of the currently used theory of bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, RES REACTOR, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. RP RUHR UNIV BOCHUM, UNIV STR 150, D-44780 BOCHUM, GERMANY. RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009; OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 19 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 32 IS 7 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/32/7/010 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ302 UT WOS:A1995TJ30200010 ER PT J AU Reed, RK AF Reed, RK TI On the variable subsurface environment of fish stocks in the Bering Sea SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE subsurface temperature; variable conditions; Amukta Pass inflow; effects on fish stocks ID POLLOCK AB Data from 1971 to 1993 are used to examine characteristics and variability of the subsurface temperature maximum in the Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea. The temperature of this feature varies from similar to 35 degrees C to 4.6 degrees C at depths of similar to 150-400 m, and sigma-t density is usually in the range 26.6-26.9. The variability is caused mainly by the absence or presence of inflow of warm, low-density Alaskan Stream water through Amukta Pass. Thus the environment of fish stocks is far from uniform. RP Reed, RK (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.1995.tb00076.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA TM921 UT WOS:A1995TM92100005 ER PT J AU ALTMAN, SA ZASTAWNY, TH RANDERSEICHHORN, L CACCIUTTOLO, MA AKMAN, SA DIZDAROGLU, M RAO, G AF ALTMAN, SA ZASTAWNY, TH RANDERSEICHHORN, L CACCIUTTOLO, MA AKMAN, SA DIZDAROGLU, M RAO, G TI FORMATION OF DNA-PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS IN CULTURED-MAMMALIAN-CELLS UPON TREATMENT WITH IRON IONS SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE DNA DAMAGE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THYMINE-TYROSINE CROSS-LINKS; FREE RADICALS ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; STRAND BREAKS; CHROMATIN; BASES; RADICALS; TYROSINE; THYMINE; NUCLEOHISTONE; FERRITIN AB Formation of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in mammalian cells upon treatment with iron or copper ions was investigated. Cultured murine hybridoma cells were treated with Fe(II) or Cu(II) ions by addition to the culture medium at various concentrations. Subsequently, chromatin samples were isolated from treated and control cells. Analyses of chromatin samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after hydrolysis and derivatization revealed a significant increase over the background amount of 3-[(1,3-dihydro-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)-methyl]-L-tyrosine (Thy-Tyr crosslink) in cells treated with Fe(II) ions in the concentration range of 0.01 to 1 mM. In contrast, Cu(II) ions at the same concentrations did not produce this DPC in cells. No DNA base damage was observed in cells treated with Cu(II) ions, either. Preincubation of cells with ascorbic acid or coincubation with dimethyl sulfoxide did not significantly alleviate the Fe(II) ion-mediated formation of DPCs. In addition, a modified fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding assay was used to detect DPCs formed in cells. Fe(II) ions caused significant formation of DPCs, but Cu(II) ions did not. The nature of the Fe(II)-mediated DPCs suggests the involvement of the hydroxyl radical in their formation. The Thy-Tyr crosslink may contribute to pathological processes associated with free radical reactions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21227. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MED ACAD BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED ONCOL,DUARTE,CA 91010. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR MED BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-53115]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-06562] NR 33 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 6 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1016/0891-5849(95)00095-F PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TB395 UT WOS:A1995TB39500024 PM 8582666 ER PT J AU THUNELL, RC TAPPA, E ANDERSON, DM AF THUNELL, RC TAPPA, E ANDERSON, DM TI SEDIMENT FLUXES AND VARVE FORMATION IN SANTA-BARBARA BASIN, OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Results from a year-long sediment-trap study provide the first direct observations of seasonal variability in sediment fluxes to the sea floor in Santa Barbara Basin, offshore California, and are used to evaluate varve formation in this basin. Sediment fluxes throughout the year are dominated by lithogenic material; biogenic sediments (primarily silica) are of secondary importance. We conclude that the combination of high lithogenic fluxes and low biogenic fluxes during the fall-winter period results in the deposition of dark laminae. The onset of upwelling and high surface productivity in the spring results in high biogenic silica fluxes that last into the summer. The relative contribution of silica to the total sediment flux is highest during this spring-summer period, and we suggest that light laminae are formed at that time. This is consistent with previous suggestions that sediment input is the primary factor controlling varve formation in this basin. C1 NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP THUNELL, RC (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 19 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1083 EP 1086 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1083:SFAVFI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA TG965 UT WOS:A1995TG96500007 ER PT J AU VOMEL, H OLTMANS, SJ KLEY, D CRUTZEN, PJ AF VOMEL, H OLTMANS, SJ KLEY, D CRUTZEN, PJ TI NEW EVIDENCE FOR THE STRATOSPHERIC DEHYDRATION MECHANISM IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Water vapor profile measurements obtained in the western and central Pacific during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) show a strong connection between the water vapor content near the tropopause and areas of deep convection. We show that air ascending within deep convective towers can be dried to mixing ratios below 1 part per million by volume (ppmv), which is much lower than the average mixing ratio observed in the stratosphere. A sharp increase of water vapor mixing ratio above the tropopause is an indication of the evaporation of ice particles at the top of deep convective cells. A mixed layer of up to around 1 km thickness above the tropopause in the regions of deep convection is indicated by the vertical profiles of ozone, water vapor, and potential temperature. Furthermore, a local maximum was observed at 20 km, which is an indication for the seasonal cycle of the tropopause temperature. C1 MAX PLANCK INST CHEM, D-55020 MAINZ, GERMANY. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. NOAA, CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP VOMEL, H (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3235 EP 3238 DI 10.1029/95GL02940 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100033 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ FORSYTH, RJ AF GOSLING, JT FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ FORSYTH, RJ TI ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF OPPOSED TILTS OF SOLAR-WIND COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SOLAR HEMISPHERES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIONEER-10; STREAM AB Data obtained during Ulysses' rapid northbound traverse across the heliographic equator provide evidence for predicted, opposed north-south tilts of corotating interaction regions formed from streams originating in the northern and southern solar hemispheres respectively. In both hemispheres, reverse waves that were propagating poleward were observed poleward of the latitudes where the fast-slow wind interaction occurred. Forward waves, on the other hand, were observed only within the low-latitude band of wind variability, consistent with the prediction of systematic, opposed tilts. However, the evidence for opposed north-south tilts within the low-latitude band of variability was less conclusive. C1 NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3333 EP 3336 DI 10.1029/95GL03312 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100058 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LA SARMIENTO, JL AF ANDERSON, LA SARMIENTO, JL TI GLOBAL OCEAN PHOSPHATE AND OXYGEN SIMULATIONS SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC-OXIDATION METHOD; WORLD OCEAN; CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CARBON-CYCLE; NITROGEN; SEAWATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS AB We examine the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the stoichiometric ratios of organic matter remineralization in determining the magnitude and distribution of remineralization of organic matter in the oceanic water column, and the impact of this remineralization on tracer distributions. Our aim is to improve the parameterization of relevant processes in ocean general circulation models by bringing the models into closer agreement with new observational constraints that suggest substantial differences from previous work (lower DOM levels and higher -O-2/P ratios). We used phosphate and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) to analyze the effect of the remineralization profile on water column tracer distributions. The primary impact of DOM cycling is to modify the distribution of remineralization over that obtained from a model with particle cycling only. Changing the oxygen-to-phosphorus stoichiometric ratio modifies the magnitude of oxygen utilization, but preserves its basic distribution. We find that even a small amount of DOM is sufficient to prevent the problem of nutrient trapping. Improved phosphate and AOU simulations are obtained when the amount of DOM is reduced and the deep ocean -O-2/P ratio is increased in accord with recent. observations of these properties. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,29 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 621 EP 636 DI 10.1029/95GB01902 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TG011 UT WOS:A1995TG01100015 ER PT J AU SABINE, CL MACKENZIE, FT WINN, C KARL, DM AF SABINE, CL MACKENZIE, FT WINN, C KARL, DM TI GEOCHEMISTRY OF CARBON-DIOXIDE IN SEAWATER AT THE HAWAII OCEAN TIME-SERIES STATION, ALOHA SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CO2 INCREASE; ARAGONITE; SOLUBILITY; PACIFIC; CALCIUM; DISSOLUTION; ALKALINITY; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; MARINE AB This paper examines the fundamental biological and physical processes controlling the distribution of the inorganic carbon species throughout the water column at the Hawaii Ocean Time series station, ALOHA. Profiles of alkalinity and calcium are strongly influenced by the distribution and movement of the six water masses at this location. The semiconservative behavior of these parameters can be useful in identifying water masses. The dissolution of carbonate particles, however, contributes up to 21% (49 mu mol C kg(-1)) of the dissolved inorganic carbon added to the intermediate waters between the time the waters enter the Pacific and the time they reach Station ALOHA. A sharp increase in carbonate-derived carbon observed between 800 and 2200 m is due to the dissolution of the more soluble forms of carbonate such as aragonite. The distribution of TCO2 and pH at this site are significantly affected by biological processes as indicated by the apparent nonlinear mixing curves between water masses, the similarity of the measured ratios of C:N and C:P to the Redfield ratios in the upper 700 m of the water column, and the results of a carbon system model. The nonconservative nature of these properties demonstrates that both physical and biological factors must be considered when evaluating temporal variability. The carbon system evaluation techniques presented here are similar to those used on several previous trans-Pacific cruises allowing the results from this station to be compared to the results of other cruises in this area. C1 UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP SABINE, CL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS SCI,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,GUYOT HALL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.1029/95GB02382 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TG011 UT WOS:A1995TG01100016 ER PT J AU Wood, HM AF Wood, HM TI Computer society celebrates 50 years SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wood, HM (reprint author), NOAA,RM 1069 FED BLDG 4,CODE E-SP,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 6 EP 6 DI 10.1109/MAHC.1995.477432 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA TL610 UT WOS:A1995TL61000005 ER PT J AU Francis, MH Newell, AC Grimm, KR Hoffman, J Schrank, HE AF Francis, MH Newell, AC Grimm, KR Hoffman, J Schrank, HE TI Comparison of ultralow-sidelobe-antenna far-field patterns using the planar-near-field method and the far-field method SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The development of very-low-sidelobe antennas raises the question of whether or not the planar-near-field method can be used to accurately measure these antennas. Recently, scientists at several organizations showed that data taken and processed with the planar-near-field methodology, including probe correction, can be used to accurately measure the sidelobes of very-low-sidelobe antennas. This can be done to levels of -55 dB to -60 dB, relative to the main-beam peak [1]. This paper highlights these results, including a comparison of the far field, from the planar-near-field method, with the far field, found on a far-field range. The test antenna for this study was a slotted-waveguide array, the low sidelobes for which were known. The near-field measurements were conducted on the NIST planar-near-field facility. C1 NICHOLS RES CORP,VIENNA,VA 22182. SYST ENGN CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21046. RP Francis, MH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 37 IS 6 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1109/74.482028 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA TT512 UT WOS:A1995TT51200003 ER PT J AU Witczak, SC Galloway, KF Schrimpf, RD Suehle, JS AF Witczak, SC Galloway, KF Schrimpf, RD Suehle, JS TI Relaxation of Si-SiO2 interfacial stress in bipolar screen oxides due to ionizing radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID MOS STRUCTURES; TRAP FORMATION; DEPENDENCE; DEVICES; FILMS; SIO2; GENERATION; CAPACITORS; DEFECTS; XPS AB Current gain degradation due to ionizing radiation in complementary single-crystalline emitter bipolar transistors was found to grow progressively worse upon subjecting the transistors to repeated cycles of radiation exposure and high-temperature anneal. The increase in radiation sensitivity is independent of the emitter polarity or geometry and is most dramatic between the first and second radiation and anneal cycles. In parallel with the current gain measurements, samples from a monitor wafer simulating the screen oxide region above the extrinsic base in the npn transistors were measured for mechanical stress while undergoing similar cycles of irradiation and anneal. The oxide on the monitor wafer consisted of a 45 nm thermal layer and a 640 nm deposited layer. The results indicate that ionizing radiation helped relieve compressive stress at the Si surface. The magnitude of the stress change due to radiation is smaller than the stress induced by the emitter contact metallization followed by a post-metallization anneal. Correlation of radiation sensitivity in the bipolar transistors and mechanical stress in the monitor wafer suggests that mechanical stress may be influential in determining the radiation hardness of bipolar transistors and lends validation to previously reported observations that Si-SiO2 interfaces are increasingly more susceptible to radiation damage with decreasing Si compressive stress. Possible mechanisms for the observed changes in stress and their effect on the radiation sensitivity of the bipolar transistors are discussed. C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Witczak, SC (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1689 EP 1697 DI 10.1109/23.488767 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000022 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, MA TI Electrical characteristics of argon radio frequency glow discharges in an asymmetric cell SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY MAY 23-30, 1994 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, IEEE, Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, Russian Sci Fdn, Russian Minist Sci, Russian Acad Sci, Russ Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Electrophys, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci, William & Mary Greve Fdn Inc, Univ New Mexico Albuquerque ID CAPACITIVE RF SHEATH; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; ELECTRODE SHEATHS; ION-BOMBARDMENT; IMPEDANCE; POLYSILICON; VOLTAGE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Measurements of the current and voltage at both electrodes of a parallel-plate, capacitively coupled RF discharge cell (the Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell) were combined with measurements of the voltage on a wire inserted into the glow region between the electrodes, for argon discharges at pressures of 1.3-133 Pa and peak-to-peak applied voltages less than or equal to 400 V. Together, these measurements determined the RF voltage, current, impedance, and power of each sheath of the plasma. Simple power laws were found to describe changes in sheath impedances observed as voltage and pressure were varied. An equivalent circuit model for the electrical behavior of the discharge was obtained. The equivalent circuit model can be used to relate the electrical data to plasma properties such as electron densities, ion currents, and sheath widths. The results differ from models previously proposed for asymmetric RF discharges, and the implications of this disagreement are discussed. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1022 DI 10.1109/27.476490 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA TM712 UT WOS:A1995TM71200023 ER PT J AU Di, L Hastings, DA AF Di, L Hastings, DA TI Temporal stability of some global NDVI products derived from NOAA/AVHRR GVI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE; AVHRR; NOAA-7; RAINFALL; IMAGES; SAHEL AB The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) has been widely used in monitoring continental and global vegetation distribution and dynamics, drought severity and location, and environmental deterioration. Since 1982, NOAA has produced the Weekly Global Vegetation Index (GVI) product from AVHRR. The analyses of the GVI product have revealed many problems due to the simplified radiometric correction involved in the processing. Those limitations have inspired several efforts to reprocess the NOAA GVI data sets to produce an improved representation of global NDVI patterns. In this paper, the quality of three Global NDVI products resulting from very simple to rather sophisticated reprocessing was examined by using a global approach. In general, the quality of data improves with increasing sophistication of radiometric correction. However, this study reveals some significant errors common in all three products assessed. The problems include a systematic annual increase in values computed from a single satellite and jumps between consecutive satellites. These errors are large enough to affect results of the long term time-series analyses. This pattern suggests an additional radiometric distortion in NOAA/AVHRR data. It is found that the values computed from data of the first year after satellite launch are roughly the same statistically for NOAA satellites. Thus, the discontinuity of NDVIs between satellites appears to be mainly caused by the systematic drift. Therefore, data collected in the first year of satellite launch might be considered as a baseline for correcting the systematic errors. By comparing NDVI from the first year of satellites in space, it is also found that NDVI increases at higher latitude and decreases or keeps constant at lower latitude. This change of NDVI with time might signal the change of global climate. C1 NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Di, L (reprint author), HUGHES STX,7701 GREENBELT RD,SUITE 400,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3569 EP 3583 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TK879 UT WOS:A1995TK87900005 ER PT J AU Ignatov, AM Dergileva, IL AF Ignatov, AM Dergileva, IL TI Model approximation of angular dependence in AVHRR brightness temperatures over a black surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Note AB Brightness temperatures t(i)(m) in spectral channels i = 3 (3.7 mu m), 4 (10.8 mu m), and 5 (12 mu m) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) were calculated for a variety of viewing directions 1 less than or equal to m less than or equal to 3 (m = sec theta; theta is the satellite zenith angle), and for a representative set of surface-atmosphere conditions (-2 less than or equal to t(s) less than or equal to 35 degrees C, 0.2 less than or equal to W less than or equal to 5.4 g cm(-2); where t(s) and W are the surface temperature and the column water vapour content). The assumption that the surface is a blackbody is used in order to analyse the atmospheric effect in detail, and to provide a background for further incorporation of the surface emissivity. t(i)(m) are approximated with a polynomial t(i)(m) = a(0)(i) + a(1)(i)m + ... + a(j)(i)m(i)(j = 1, 2, and 3, for linear, quadratic, and cubic fits, respectively). Linear fit provides standard errors of sigma less than or equal to 0.07 and sigma less than or equal to 0.4-0.5 degrees C at 3.7 and 10.8-12 mu m, respectively. Using a quadratic fit reduces these errors to sigma less than or equal to 0.01 and sigma less than or equal to 0.04-0.06 degrees C. The information content of the fit parameters is analysed in this Letter. The value of a(0) is within a few degrees of t(s). The values of sigma, (a(0)-t(s)), a(j) strongly correlate with the factor W Delta t = W(t(s) - (t) over bar(a)), where (t) over bar(a) is the effective temperature of the atmosphere. These results are useful for better understanding recent empirical studies of the angular effect in AVHRR brightness temperatures, and for developing algorithms for t(s) and W retrieval using spectral methods for the cross-scanning AVHRR, and angular methods for the ATSR. C1 INST MARINE HYDROPHYS,SEVASTOPOL 335005,UKRAINE. RP Ignatov, AM (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,5200 AUTH RD,ROOM 711,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3687 EP 3693 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TK879 UT WOS:A1995TK87900014 ER PT J AU HANSON, HP AF HANSON, HP TI RETHINKING THE PHD SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP HANSON, HP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA QC411 UT WOS:A1995QC41100016 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR Chen, H Sharov, VA AF Mildner, DFR Chen, H Sharov, VA TI Restricted neutron transmission through a cylindrical guide tube SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY OPTICS; DIFFRACTION APPLICATIONS AB The transmission and the number of reflections of successful neutron trajectories through a straight cylindrical tube with a coaxial aperture at its entrance have been calculated, assuming that a beam with a conical angular divergence is incident along the axis of the cylinder. The calculation models neutron transmission measurements through tubes that have been defined by a cadmium aperture placed at the entrance of the tube. The addition of an aperture not only lowers the acceptance, but also reduces the average number of reflections relative to unrestricted transmission. The aperture prevents neutrons having trajectories with tight spirals down the tube from entering near the periphery of the tube. This model might also be useful for understanding the reduced transmission through a tube with slightly crimped edges or through imperfectly cut glass polycapillaries. C1 XRAY OPT SYST INC,ALBANY,NY 12205. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 28 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1107/S002188989500848X PN 6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA TP803 UT WOS:A1995TP80300017 ER PT J AU Dunn, ML Ledbetter, H AF Dunn, ML Ledbetter, H TI Elastic moduli of composites reinforced by multiphase particles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A theoretical approach is proposed to estimate the elastic moduli of three-phase composites consisting of a matrix phase reinforced by two-phase particles. The theoretical predictions are based on a simple extension to nondilute concentrations of the mechanical concentration factors obtained from the recent analysis of the average elastic fields in a double inclusion by Hori and Nemat-Nasser (1993). The proposed micromechanics theory can account for the effects of shapes and concentrations of both the particles and the dispersed phase in the particles. Theoretical estimates of the concentration factors and the effective elastic moduli are obtained in closed form and are diagonally symmetric and fall within the Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole bounds for all cases considered. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained from pulse-echo and rod-resonance measurements of the elastic moduli of a three-phase composite consisting of an aluminum matrix reinforced by mullite/alumina particles. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Dunn, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MECH ENGN,CTR ACOUST MECH & MAT,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1995 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1115/1.2896038 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA TY067 UT WOS:A1995TY06700031 ER PT J AU TODD, MC BARRETT, EC BEAUMONT, MJ GREEN, JL AF TODD, MC BARRETT, EC BEAUMONT, MJ GREEN, JL TI SATELLITE IDENTIFICATION OF RAIN DAYS OVER THE UPPER NILE RIVER BASIN USING AN OPTIMUM INFRARED RAIN NO-RAIN THRESHOLD TEMPERATURE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD AB As part of the U.S. Agency for International Development/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration project to develop an improved monitoring, forecasting, and simulation system for the river Nile, the Remote Sensing Unit of the University of Bristol has been investigating and developing satellite infrared techniques for small-scale estimation of rainfall over the region of the upper Nile basin. In this paper, the need for variable IR rain/no-rain temperature thresholds as a basis for reliable satellite identification of rain areas over small scales is explained, and the spatially and temporally variable nature of optimum IR rain/no-rain threshold temperatures is examined. Meteosat IR data covering a period of 17 months have been analyzed along with daily rain gauge reports for calibration and validation. Analyses have been carried out on a monthly basis. Optimum IR rain/no-rain threshold temperatures over the study area in the east Africa region are shown to have exhibited a marked seasonal trend, with an annual variation approaching 40 K. Minimum threshold temperature values were found at the onset of the summer wet season, and maximum threshold temperature values during the driest winter months. Generally, summer threshold temperatures were low, around 230 K, and winter thresholds high, in the range of 240-260 K. During the wet season, optimum IR rain/no-rain threshold temperatures exhibited a distinct pattern of spatial variation. This was modeled as a function of pixel latitude, longitude, and surface elevation. This threshold temperature model was then used to generate threshold temperature estimates at the pixel scale from an independent Meteosat dataset for 1992. Compared with the performance of spatially uniform threshold methods, marked improvements in rain-area classification accuracy were obtained. Optimum IR rain/no-rain threshold temperature variation is therefore seen to be a result of a complex interaction of climatology, meteorology, and topography, and as such the implications of this for the design and use of regional-scale rainfall monitoring techniques are discussed. C1 NOAA,NWS,OFF HYDROL,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP TODD, MC (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOG,REMOTE SENSING UNIT,BRISTOL BS8 1SS,AVON,ENGLAND. RI todd, martin/I-4143-2015 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2600 EP 2611 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2600:SIORDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TJ417 UT WOS:A1995TJ41700003 ER PT J AU EISCHEID, JK BAKER, CB KARL, TR DIAZ, HF AF EISCHEID, JK BAKER, CB KARL, TR DIAZ, HF TI THE QUALITY-CONTROL OF LONG-TERM CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA USING OBJECTIVE DATA-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB One of the major concerns with detecting global climate change is the quality of the data. Climate data are extremely sensitive to errant values and outliers. Prior to analysis of these time series, it is important to remove outliers in a methodical manner. This study provides statistically derived bounds for the uncertainty associated with surface temperature and precipitation measurements and yields a baseline dataset for validation of climate models as well as for a variety of other climatological uses. A two-step procedure using objective analysis was used to identify outliers. The first step was a temporal check that determines if a particular monthly value is consistent with other monthly values for the same station. The second step utilizes six different spatial interpolation techniques to estimate each monthly time series. Each of the methods is ranked according to its respective correlation coefficients with the actual time series, and the technique with the highest correlation coefficient is chosen as the best estimator. For both temperature and precipitation, a multiple regression scheme was found to be the best estimator for the majority of records. Results from the two steps are merged, and a combined set of quality control flags are generated. C1 NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC. NOAA,ERL,CTR CLIMATE DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP EISCHEID, JK (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 11 TC 105 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2787 EP 2795 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2787:TQCOLT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TJ417 UT WOS:A1995TJ41700018 ER PT J AU JOSELL, D WARREN, J CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF JOSELL, D WARREN, J CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY FROM THERMAL PULSE EXPERIMENTS - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Note AB An error has been noted in the seminal work by Cape and Lehman [J. Appl. Phys. 34, 926 (1963)] for determining thermal diffusivity values from the results of pulse heating experiments. In the present communication, the correct formula has been determined and some estimates have been made of the errors resulting from application of the incorrect formulation. RP JOSELL, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6867 EP 6869 DI 10.1063/1.360452 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100078 ER PT J AU THONING, KW CONWAY, TJ ZHANG, N KITZIS, D AF THONING, KW CONWAY, TJ ZHANG, N KITZIS, D TI ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT OF CO2 MIXING RATIOS IN FLASK AIR SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERE AB A system for measuring the concentration of CO2 in flask air samples From the NOAA/CMDL worldwide flask sampling network is described. Up to 180 samples per day can be analyzed using a nondispersive infrared CO2 analyzer. All data acquisition and instrument control operations are handled by a Hewlett-Packard Series 300 desktop computer. A noncontaminating diaphragm pump transfers the sample from the flask to the NDIR CO2 analyzer. Tests conducted using flasks filled from tanks of dry air showed either no systematic offsets or a small offset of about 0.1 ppm. The precision of the analysis system is estimated to be better than 0.1 ppm. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP THONING, KW (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,RECG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Zhang, Nina/F-3609-2014 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1356 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<1349:ASFMOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE756 UT WOS:A1995TE75600015 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GC AF JOHNSON, GC TI REVISED XCTD FALL-RATE EQUATION COEFFICIENTS FROM CTD DATA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note RP JOHNSON, GC (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<1367:RXFREC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE756 UT WOS:A1995TE75600018 ER PT J AU CASTELLANO, C GLOTZER, SC AF CASTELLANO, C GLOTZER, SC TI ON THE MECHANISM OF PINNING IN PHASE-SEPARATING POLYMER BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-GROWTH KINETICS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; MIXTURES; DYNAMICS; MODEL; INTERFACES; FLUCTUATIONS; SURFACTANTS AB We reexplore the kinetics of spinodal decomposition in off-critical polymer blends through numerical simulations of the Cahn-Hilliard equation with the Flory-Huggins-De Gennes free energy functional. Even in the absence of thermal noise, the solution of the discretized equation of motion shows coarsening in the late stages of spinodal decomposition without evidence of pinning, regardless of the relative concentration of the blend components. This suggests this free energy functional is not sufficient to describe the physics responsible for pinning in real blends. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV NAPLES, DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CTR THEORET & COMPUTAT MAT SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Castellano, Claudio/B-6946-2008 OI Castellano, Claudio/0000-0002-3773-3801 NR 69 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 21 BP 9363 EP 9369 DI 10.1063/1.469996 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TF808 UT WOS:A1995TF80800025 ER PT J AU Zhang, GJ Ramanathan, V McPhaden, MJ AF Zhang, GJ Ramanathan, V McPhaden, MJ TI Convection-evaporation feedback in the equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DEEP CONVECTION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SATELLITE DATA; HEAT; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; CLOUD AB The coupling between convection and surface evaporation is investigated to assess the importance of evaporative cooling in regulating the tropical sea surface temperature. It is found that such a coupling is scale dependent. On timescales of several days, convective activity enhances surface evaporation, which together with the decrease of surface solar radiation, acts to cool the sea surface, However, on scales of climatic interest, convection acts to reduce surface evaporation. High sea surface temperature gives rise to more convective activity, which through interaction with the large-scale circulation, increases the low-level large-scale convergence and decreases the surface wind, leading to low evaporation in spite of the increased surface-air humidity difference. Therefore, although individual convective events can significantly enhance surface evaporation on short timescales, the long-term average effect of convection is to suppress surface evaporation at high SST due to its interaction with the large-scale circulation. One potential implication of this result is that evaporative cooling on climate timescales may not provide a negative feedback on the sea surface temperature of warm oceans with convectively disturbed tropospheres. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR CLOUDS CHEM & CLIMATE,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP Zhang, GJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,CALIFORNIA SPACE INST,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3040 EP 3051 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<3040:CEFITE>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN511 UT WOS:A1995TN51100009 ER PT J AU Wetherald, RT Manabe, S AF Wetherald, RT Manabe, S TI The mechanisms of summer dryness induced by greenhouse warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; CO2; SENSITIVITY; INCREASE AB To improve understanding of the mechanisms responsible for CO2-induced, midcontinental summer dryness obtained by earlier modeling studies, several integrations were performed using a GCM with idealized geography. The simulated reduction of soil moisture in middle latitudes begins in late spring and is caused by the excess of evaporation over precipitation. The increase of carbon dioxide and the associated increase of atmospheric water vapor enhances the downward flux of terrestrial radiation at the continental surface at all latitudes. However, due mainly to the CO2-induced change in midtropospheric relative humidity, the increase in the downward flux of terrestrial radiation is larger in the equatorward side of the rain belt, making more energy available there for both sensible and latent hear. Since the saturation vapor pressure at the surface increases nonlinearly with surface temperature, a greater fraction of the additional radiative energy is realized as latent heat Bur at the expense of sensible heat. Therefore, evaporation increases more than precipitation over the land surface in the equatorward side of the rain belt during spring and early summer and initiates the drying of the soil there. As the rain belt moves poleward from spring to summer, the soil moisture decreases in middle latitudes, reducing the rate of evaporation. This reduction of evaporation, in rum, causes a corresponding decrease of precipitation in middle latitudes, keeping the soil dry throughout the summer. In high latitudes, there is also a tendency for increased summer dryness. As noted in our previous studies, this feature mainly results from the earlier removal of highly reflective snow cover in spring, which enhances the evaporation in the late spring, lengthening the period of drying during the summer season. A similar mechanism also operates in middle latitudes, but its contribution is relatively small. The drying of soil is also enhanced by the land surface-cloud interaction in both middle and high latitudes. Owing to the reduction of cloud cover that results from the decrease of relative humidity in the lower troposphere, solar radiation absorbed by the continental surface increases, thereby enhancing evaporation and further reducing the soil moisture in summer. Although there is additional radiative energy available at the surface during winter, a greater fraction of it occurs as sensible heat rather than latent heat due to the colder surface temperature, thereby causing evaporation to increase less than precipitation. Because of the increased evaporation from the oceanic surface upstream whose temperature is warmer than the continental region in winter, precipitation over most of the continent increases substantially. RP Wetherald, RT (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 17 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3096 EP 3108 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<3096:TMOSDI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN511 UT WOS:A1995TN51100014 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Kreifels, TL Gregg, M Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Simons, DS Twigg, ME Fatemi, M Hobart, K AF Thompson, PE Kreifels, TL Gregg, M Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Simons, DS Twigg, ME Fatemi, M Hobart, K TI The growth and characterization of Si1-xGex multiple quantum wells on Si(110) and Si(111) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy of the 1995 E-MRS Spring Conference CY MAY 22-26, 1995 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP Council Europe, Commiss European Communities, E MRS ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION; SILICON AB Undoped and boron-doped multiple quantum well heterostructures composed of Si1-xGex have been grown on Si(110) and Si(111) substrates. Photoluminescence (PL), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the structures. The structures with the highest quality, as defined by quantum confined FL, were grown at 710 degrees C, however SIMS revealed that substantial boron migration out of the wells occurred at this growth temperature. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SFA INC,LANDOVER,MD 20785. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 1995 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(95)00368-1 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA TN785 UT WOS:A1995TN78500005 ER PT J AU ROSHKO, A GOODRICH, LF RUDMAN, DA MOERMAN, R VALE, LR AF ROSHKO, A GOODRICH, LF RUDMAN, DA MOERMAN, R VALE, LR TI MAGNETIC-FLUX PINNING IN EPITAXIAL YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE DISLOCATIONS; FLUX PINNING; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION MECHANISM ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; CRITICAL CURRENT-DENSITY; GROWTH-MECHANISM; SUPERCONDUCTOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; BOUNDARIES; FIELDS AB The influence of microstructure on the critical current density of laser ablated YBa2Cu3O70-delta thin films has been examined. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to examine the morphologies of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films and the morphology data were then correlated with measurements of the critical current density. The films were found to grow by an island nucleation and growth mechanism. The critical current densities of the films are similar to those of films with screw dislocation growth, indicating that screw dislocation growth is not necessary for good pinning. The data suggest that the critical current density in applied magnetic field may be higher in films with higher densities of growth features. RP ROSHKO, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1919 EP 1922 DI 10.1007/BF02653010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700032 ER PT J AU Clough, RB Shapiro, AJ Bayba, AJ Lucey, GK AF Clough, Roger B. Shapiro, Alexander J. Bayba, Andrew J. Lucey, George K., Jr. TI Boundary Layer Fracture in Composite Solder Joints SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB Composite solder connections, modeled as miniature single-lap shear layers between copper plates, were fabricated and pulled to fracture. The solder layers (3.1 x 3.1 x 0.50 mm) were eutectic lead-tin/particulate Cu6Sn5 composites. Under load, shear fractures extended along paths about 10 mu m inside of the interfaces from opposite edges. These boundary layer fractures were characterized and a fracture model was developed. A corresponding test method for measuring J(II) and delta(II), the crack extension energy and crack tip shear displacement for Mode II crack growth, is given, and the results are discussed. Composite strengthening is shown to significantly improve the ductility and the creep life, properties associated with improved reliability and creep-fatigue life. C1 [Clough, Roger B.; Shapiro, Alexander J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bayba, Andrew J.; Lucey, George K., Jr.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Clough, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD FX This study was supported by the Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD. We are indebted to Roland de Wit for helpful discussions on fracture mechanics. We also appreciate the technical assistance of Leonard Smith and David Pitchure. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 EI 1528-9044 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 117 IS 4 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1115/1.2792104 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA V41WY UT WOS:000209577500003 ER PT J AU DeVries, MC Forward, RB Hettler, WF AF DeVries, MC Forward, RB Hettler, WF TI Behavioural response of larval Atlantic menhaden to different rates of temperature change SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; Brevoortia tyrannus; Atlantic menhaden; larval fish; temperature ID STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-CAROLINA; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; FISH EGGS; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; SPOT; AGE AB Larval Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, spawned off North Carolina (U.S.A.) during the winter, undergo cross-shelf transport from the western Gulf Stream edge to coastal bays and estuaries. Variation in water flow direction with depth provides larvae the opportunity to enhance shoreward transport, if they can regulate their depth behaviourally. Temperature, which normally decreases with depth on the continental shelf, is one possible cue for depth regulation. Laboratory-reared larval menhaden of two different ages were exposed to varying relative rates of temperature increases and decreases, which were presented from both above and below the larvae. Temperature decreases from below caused an ascent response in both young and old larvae, but neither responded to this cue from above. The minimum (threshold) relative rates of decrease fdr initiating ascents were similar (7.9 x 10(-2), 10.7 x 10(-2 degrees)C min(-1)) for both age larvae as were the minimum absolute amounts of decrease that must occur before a response (0.1, 0.05 degrees C). Young larvae did not respond to a temperature increase, while old larvae ascended regardless of whether the increase was presented from above or below. Threshold relative rates of increase were 8.59 x 10(-2 degrees)C min(-1) from below and 14.79 x 10(-2 degrees)C min(-1) from above. The threshold rates and range of larval speeds during vertical movements were used to calculate vertical temperature gradients that could be perceived. These values were compared to measured gradients in areas inhabited by menhaden larvae. On the continental shelf, detectable temperature gradients appear common for temperature decreases that would occur upon descending and temperature increases upon ascending. However, it is uncommon for larvae to encounter temperature increases upon descending that would initiate an ascent response. These results support the hypothesis that menhaden larvae are capable of using temperature gradients for depth regulation. (C) 1995 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP DeVries, MC (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MARINE LAB,SCH ENVIRONM,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1095 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TP036 UT WOS:A1995TP03600014 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Wagner, CA Kostelecky, J Jandova, M AF Klokocnik, J Wagner, CA Kostelecky, J Jandova, M TI The filtering effect of orbit correction on geopotential errors SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article AB The geophysical interpretation of satellite tracking residuals generally ignores the filtering effect of initial orbit correction on the true errors of the model. While the filtered information is usually regarded as lost, knowing the spectral characteristics of the filter is a great aid in the detailed interpretation of residuals, especially of global data sets. In this regard, we derive the filter characteristics (admittances) of orbit correction in the presence of geopotential-caused trajectory errors. We then apply the filter to determine the likely power of the lost radial information in crossover differences of sea heights determined from satellite altimetry or in the latitude lumped coefficients derived from them. For example, we find that resonant geopotential information with periods longer than the corrected orbit's are length is largely lost in residual crossover data. Results are given for GEOSAT, ERS-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon in their Exact Repeat Missions, using calibrated variance-covariance matrices of the harmonic geopotential coefficients of several recent Earth gravity models. To prove that filtering is important, we first employed a simple cut of all perturbing terms with periods longer than the general tracking period (4 days for GEOSAT and ERS-1, and 10 days for TOPEX). But the cut is too crude a method from a theoretical viewpoint, and thus, we developed two new filters. A comparison of their admittances explains the differences (and sometimes anomalous behaviour) between them and the cut. Many numerical examples (single-satellite crossover errors and latitude lumped coefficient errors, as projected from the variance-covariance matrices) are presented. C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RES INST GEODESY TOPOG & CARTOG,CR-25066 ZDIBY 98,CZECH REPUBLIC. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST ASTRON,CR-25165 ONDREJOV,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 70 IS 3 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1007/BF00943690 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA UB947 UT WOS:A1995UB94700003 ER PT J AU AHN, BH KAMIDE, Y KROEHL, HW CANDIDI, M MURPHREE, JS AF AHN, BH KAMIDE, Y KROEHL, HW CANDIDI, M MURPHREE, JS TI SUBSTORM CHANGES OF THE ELECTRODYNAMIC QUANTITIES IN THE POLAR IONOSPHERE - CDAW-9 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL OBSERVATIONS; WESTWARD TRAVELING SURGE; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; ENERGY DEPOSITION RATE; AURORAL-ZONE CURRENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CHATANIKA RADAR; CURRENT SYSTEMS; CONDUCTANCES; INDEXES AB On the basis of ground magnetometer data from 75 northern hemisphere stations and the ionospheric conductivity distribution estimated from Viking satellite observations of auroral images, various electrodynamic quantities in the polar ionosphere are calculated for the April 1, 1986, Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) 9 substorm. Since the Scandinavia and Russia chains of magnetometers were located in the premidnight-midnight sector during this interval and the estimated conductivity distribution is instantaneous, our data set provides us with a unique opportunity to examine some long-standing problems associated with the substorm expansion onset. Several important findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Before the expansion onset of the substorm, intensifications of ionospheric currents or the cross-polar cap potential are very weal; in this particular example. Both quantities begin to increase notably only with the initiation of the substorm expansion onset. (2) The intensified westward electrojet flows along the poleward half of the enhanced ionospheric conductivity belt in the midnight sector during the expansion phase, while its equatorward half is occupied by a weak eastward electrojet. (3) The Joule heating rate and the energy input rate of auroral particles are quite comparable preceding the expansion onset. During the expansion phase of the substorm, however, Joule heating shows a marked intensification, but the latter increases only moderately, indicating that the Joule dissipation is more effective than auroral particle energy input during substorm times. (4) The Hall currents are not completely divergence-free. The corresponding field-aligned currents show highly localized structures during the maximum epoch of the substorm, with the upward current being located in the region of the steepest conductivity gradient on the poleward side of the westward electrojet in the midnight sector. This is indirect evidence that the so-called imperfect Cowling channel is effective behind the westward traveling surge. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307. NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA,JAPAN. NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. CNR,IST FIS SPAZIO INTERPLANETARIO,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CALGARY,AB T2N 1N4,CANADA. RP AHN, BH (reprint author), KYUNGPOOK NATL UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,TAEGU,SOUTH KOREA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23845 EP 23856 DI 10.1029/95JA02001 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200044 ER PT J AU KREIDER, KG TARLOV, MJ GILLEN, GJ POIRIER, GE ROBINS, LH IVES, LK BOWERS, WD MARINENKO, RB SMITH, DT AF KREIDER, KG TARLOV, MJ GILLEN, GJ POIRIER, GE ROBINS, LH IVES, LK BOWERS, WD MARINENKO, RB SMITH, DT TI SPUTTERED AMORPHOUS-CARBON NITRIDE FILMS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB The recent announcement of the synthesis of C3N4 has increased interest in this unique material. Carbon nitride may have several useful applications as wear and corrosion resistant coatings, electrical insulators, and optical coatings. We have produced amorphous carbon nitride coatings containing up to 40% nitrogen using planar magnetron RF sputtering with and without an ion beam in a nitrogen atmosphere. Both wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry (WDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate this composition. Coatings up to 2 mu m thick were produced on alumina, silicon, SiO2, and glass substrates using a graphite target. Films with transparency greater than 95% in the visible wavelengths and harder than silicon have been produced. The properties of these films are correlated with composition, fabrication, conditions, and subsequent heat treatments. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphology of the films. XPS studies confirm the stability of a carbon nitrogen phase up to 600 degrees C. Compositional variations were determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling, and the Raman spectra are compared with those of carbon and carbon nitride films prepared by other methods. RP KREIDER, KG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 12 BP 3079 EP 3083 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.3079 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TJ639 UT WOS:A1995TJ63900015 ER PT J AU XU, HHK WEI, LH JAHANMIR, S AF XU, HHK WEI, LH JAHANMIR, S TI GRINDING FORCE AND MICROCRACK DENSITY IN ABRASIVE MACHINING OF SILICON-NITRIDE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The relationship between grinding forces and the material's resistance to microfracture is investigated in abrasive machining of silicon nitride ceramics. Surface grinding is performed on two forms of silicon nitride with different microstructures, and the grinding forces are measured. In addition, single-point scratching is performed on polished surfaces to amplify the damage associated with the action of an individual abrasive particle in grinding. A thermal wave measurement technique is then used on the cross sections to characterize the density of subsurface microcracks associated with scratching. Compared to a fine-grain silicon nitride, the density of microcracks in a course-grain silicon nitride is significantly larger, while the grinding force is smaller. The smaller grinding force for the coarse-grain silicon nitride is attributed to the ease of local intergranular microfracture and grain dislodgement during grinding. C1 NIST, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 12 BP 3204 EP 3209 DI 10.1557/JMR.1995.3204 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TJ639 UT WOS:A1995TJ63900029 ER PT J AU Stone, SC Miller, CC Philips, LA Andrews, AM Fraser, GT Pate, BH Xu, LH AF Stone, SC Miller, CC Philips, LA Andrews, AM Fraser, GT Pate, BH Xu, LH TI Infrared spectra of the 10-mu m bands of 1,2-difluoroethane and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane: Vibrationally mediated torsional tunneling in 1,1,2-trifluoroethane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; MATRICES AB The 3-MHz-resolution infrared spectra of the 10-mu m bands of the gauche conformer of 1,2-difluoroethane (HFC152) and the C-1-symmetry conformer of 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC143) have been measured using a molecular-beam electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer with a tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser source. For 1,2-difluoroethane, two bands have been studied, the upsilon(17) B-symmetry C-F stretch at 1077.3 cm(-1) and the upsilon(13) B-symmetry CH2 rock at 896.6 cm(-1). Both bands are well fit to a asymmetric-rotor Hamiltonian to better than 0.5 MHz. The upsilon(13) band is effectively unperturbed, while the upsilon(17) band is weakly perturbed, as shown by the large change in centrifugal distortion constants from the ground state values. Two bands have also been studied for 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, the upsilon(11) symmetric CF2 stretch at 1077.2 cm(-1) and the upsilon(13) C-C stretch at 905.1 cm(-1). One of the two bands, upsilon(11), is unperturbed and fit to near the experimental precision. The upsilon(13) vibration, on the other hand, is weakly perturbed by an interaction with a nearby state. This perturbation leads to a doubling or splitting of the lines, due to a perturbation-induced lifting of the degeneracy of the symmetric and antisymmetric tunneling states associated with tunneling between the two equivalent C-1 forms. For the J, K-a states studied, the splittings are as large as 37 MHz. Combining this observation with published low-resolution far-infrared measurements of torsional sequence-band and hot-band frequencies and calculations from an empirical torsional potential allows us to identify the perturbing state as upsilon(17) + 6 upsilon(18). Here, upsilon(17) is the CF2 twist and upsilon(18) is the torsion, The matrix element responsible for this interaction exchanges eight vibrational quanta! (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NIST, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP CORNELL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 174 IS 2 BP 297 EP 318 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1995.0004 PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TN850 UT WOS:A1995TN85000004 ER PT J AU Keimer, B Fong, HF Reznik, D Dogan, F Aksay, IA AF Keimer, B Fong, HF Reznik, D Dogan, F Aksay, IA TI Resonant neutron scattering from YBa2Cu3O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY MAR 15-18, 1995 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA SP Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab HO STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB We have developed a new scattering geometry for magnetic neutron scattering experiments on YBa2Cu3O7 in which the phonon background around q similar to (pi/alpha,pi/alpha), h omega similar to 40meV is significantly reduced. We use this new approach to study the previously detected, sharp magnetic excitation at similar to 40meV in the superconducting state in detail. The excitation does not shift substantially in energy up to at least 75K (similar to 0.8T(c)). Polarized neutron scattering experiments (horizontal minus vertical field) confirm the magnetic origin of the 40meV excitation and put stringent limits on the magnetic scattering intensity in the normal stale. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Keimer, B (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Aksay, Ilhan/B-9281-2008 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 1995 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1927 EP 1929 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(95)00097-6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TL547 UT WOS:A1995TL54700106 ER PT J AU Peterson, WT Hutchings, L AF Peterson, WT Hutchings, L TI Distribution, abundance and production of the copepod Calanus agulhensis on the Agulhas Bank in relation to spatial variations in hydrography and chlorophyll concentration SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOCALANUS SP; MARINE COPEPODS; PHYTOPLANKTON CONCENTRATION; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; PHYSIO-ECOLOGY; EGG-PRODUCTION; ACARTIA-TONSA; MOLTING RATES; GROWTH-RATES; CELL-SIZE AB Measurements were made of chlorophyll concentration, abundance and biomass of copepods, moulting rates of Calanus agulhensis juveniles and egg production rate of adult females, during two surveys of the Agulhas Bank in spring 1988 and 1989. From these measurements, growth, recruitment and production rates were calculated. Biomass ranged from similar to 1 g dry weight m(-2) on the western Bank to 5 g dry weight m(-2) on the eastern Bank. Calanus agulhensis growth rates were correlated with chlorophyll concentration. Maximum growth rates were observed in 42% of the samples for C1, but in only 10% for C2-C4. Maximum rates were never observed for C5 or adult females. Copepod production increased from 40 mg carbon m(-2) day(-1) (western Bank) to 400 mg carbon m(-2) day(-1) (eastern Bank); production/biomass ratios ranged from 0.5-0.10 (western) to 0.15 and 0.23 (eastern). Calanus agulhensis accounted for similar to 25 and 60% of the total copepod production on the western and eastern Bank, respectively. Copepod production was at most similar to 20% of the bank-wide averaged primary production rate of 2 g C m(-2) day(-1). C1 SEA FISHERIES RES INST,ROGGE BAY 8012,SOUTH AFRICA. NOAA,NMFS,FRE3,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2275 EP 2294 DI 10.1093/plankt/17.12.2275 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA TT395 UT WOS:A1995TT39500006 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B BENMOUNA, M AF HAMMOUDA, B BENMOUNA, M TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING FROM POLYMER BLENDS UNDER PRESSURE SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EQUATION-OF-STATE; POLYSTYRENE; POLYVINYLMETHYLETHER; PRESSURE EFFECTS; RANDOM PHASE APPROXIMATION; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING ID HOMOPOLYMER MIXTURES; EQUATIONS; COPOLYMER; LIQUIDS; STATE AB A procedure is used to analyze small-angle neutron-scattering (SANS) data from a pressurized polymer blend mixture (deuterated polystyrene/polyvinylmethylether). The Lattice-Fluid (LF) equation-of-state model is used along with a compressible random phase approximation (RPA) in order to obtain free volume fractions and intermonomer interaction potentials. Solving the two sets of equations (LF and RPA) self-consistently within the fitting procedure to the SANS data provides an improvement over the familiar incompressible RPA model. In this approach, the free volume fraction is the main varying pa rameter. Intermonomer interaction potentials were found to depend on pressure (weakly) and temperature (linearly). (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 TULANE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NIST, BLDG 235, ROOM E151, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 17 BP 2359 EP 2364 DI 10.1002/polb.1995.090331707 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TG026 UT WOS:A1995TG02600007 ER PT J AU SUNG, LP HAN, CC AF SUNG, LP HAN, CC TI LIGHT-SCATTERING-STUDIES ON PHASE-SEPARATION IN A BINARY BLEND WITH ADDITION OF DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE POLYMER BLENDS; COPOLYMER DIBLOCK; LIGHT SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS OF PHASE SEPARATION; CRITICAL TEMPERATURE; PHASE BEHAVIOR ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; POLYMER BLEND; HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; CO-POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; MIXTURE; KINETICS; FLUCTUATION; INTERFACE AB Time-resolved light-scattering measurements have been conducted to investigate the influence of a diblock copolymer additive on the phase boundaries and the kinetics of the phase separation of a polymer blend. The blend studied was a polystyrene-d(8)/polybutadiene (PSD/PB) mixture with a diblock copolymer composed of the same homopolymers. It was observed that the critical temperature of the blend, which has an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), decreased with increasing copolymer content and the kinetics of the phase separation via a spinodal decomposition mechanism slowed down in the presence of the copolymer. The features of the spinodal peak position and intensity as a function of time with and without copolymer additive were analyzed for near and off-critical compositions in various temperature jumps. The intermediate and late-stage growth rates do not follow a universal scaling function with the addition of diblock copolymers. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP SUNG, LP (reprint author), NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 17 BP 2405 EP 2412 DI 10.1002/polb.1995.090331711 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TG026 UT WOS:A1995TG02600011 ER PT J AU Hatfield, CL Gauglitz, EJ Barnett, HJ Lund, JAK Wekell, JC Eklund, M AF Hatfield, CL Gauglitz, EJ Barnett, HJ Lund, JAK Wekell, JC Eklund, M TI The fate of domoic acid in Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) as a function of processing SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP); Dungeness crab; Cancer magister; razor clams; Siliqua patula ID SHELLFISH AB High levels (up to 90 mu g/g) of domoic acid, a naturally occurring neurotoxic amino acid responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning, were found in the viscera of raw Dungeness crabs during the 1991-1992 season. In studies reported here, Dungeness crabs were fed domoic acid contaminated razor clam meats for 6 or 9 days. Analyses of the raw crabs indicated that they rapidly accumulated domoic acid and that the toxin was confined to the viscera, principally in the hepatopancreas (22 mu g/g). No domoic acid was detected in either body or leg meats of the raw crabs. When the whole crabs were cooked in either fresh or salted water, using a typical commercial cooking process, visceral domoic acid concentrations were reduced by 67-71%. After processing, the toxin was found outside of the visceral cavity in the body (1.9 mu g/g) and leg (1.1 mu g/g) meats. The majority of the domoic acid was extracted out and diluted into the cook water (0.4-0.8 mu g/ml). The effect of storage conditions, typical of those used following processing and distribution, are also reported. Cooked crabs were held 1 day at 1 degrees C and then analyzed; domoic acid was detected in the viscera and body meats. Portions of the body meat proximal to the viscera had higher domoic acid levels than those distal, but the toxin levels never exceeded 2.1 mu g/g. This was also the case in crabs held for 6 days at 1 degrees C and can be explained by simple diffusion. No domoic acid was found in leg meats of the 1 and 6 day storage samples. After storage for 90 days at -23 degrees C, domoic acid was then found in very low concentrations outside of the viscera in the body (<0.8 mu g/g) and leg (<0.4 mu g/g) meats of the crabs. Our results indicated that the storage conditions had some affect on the toxin distribution throughout the cooked crabs, but had no affect on the total domoic acid burden in each Dungeness crab. RP Hatfield, CL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,UTILIZAT RES DIV,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TT365 UT WOS:A1995TT36500012 ER PT J AU AHLBRANDT, R IYER, HK VECCHIA, DF AF AHLBRANDT, R IYER, HK VECCHIA, DF TI OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SERIAL MEASUREMENT TREES SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE BAYES RULE; CART; LOSS FUNCTION; PREDICTION AB Suppose some or all of p predictor variables X(1), X(2), ...,X(p) may be measured and their values used to predict a response Y. When measurement costs are considered, it may be advantageous to measure predictors serially, deciding adaptively which variable to measure next with an option to stop taking measurements and predict Y at any point during the measurement process. In this article we derive optimal prediction strategies of a serial type under a cost structure that combines measurement costs with the usual prediction-error loss function. It is assumed that the joint distribution of Y, X(1), X(2), ..., X(p) is known. The results provide a theoretical basis upon which estimation of optimum serial measurement plans may be addressed. C1 MARION MERRELL DOW INC,KANSAS CITY,MO 64134. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1016/0378-3758(95)00012-X PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TF971 UT WOS:A1995TF97100010 ER PT J AU Nychka, D Gray, G Haaland, P Martin, D OConnell, M AF Nychka, D Gray, G Haaland, P Martin, D OConnell, M TI A nonparametric regression approach to syringe grading for quality improvement SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE cross-validation; model selection; quantile splines ID CROSS-VALIDATION; MODELS AB In the biomedical products industry, measures of the quality of individual clinical specimens or manufacturing production units are often available in the form of high-dimensional data such as continuous recordings obtained from an analytical instrument. These recordings are then examined by experts in the field who extract certain features and use these to classify individuals. To formalize and quantify this procedure, an approach for extracting features from recordings based on nonparametric regression is described. These features are then used to build a classification model that incorporates the knowledge of the expert. The procedure is illustrated with the problem of grading of syringes from associated friction profile data. Features of the syringe friction profiles used in the classification are extracted via smoothing splines, and grades of the syringes are assigned by an expert tribologist. A nonlinear classification model is constructed to predict syringe grades based on the extracted features. The classification model makes it possible to grade syringes automatically without expert inspection. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, the prediction accuracy of the classification model is found to be about the same as the accuracy obtained from the expert. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV FISHERIES STAT,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. BECTON DICKINSON RES CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Nychka, D (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 90 IS 432 BP 1171 EP 1178 DI 10.2307/2291509 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA TK534 UT WOS:A1995TK53400004 ER EF