FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Jarrett, DG AF Jarrett, DG GP IEEE IEEE TI A 10 T Omega per step Hamon transfer standard SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB To evaluate high-resistance measurements and scaling in the range 1 TOmega to 100 TOmega, a 10 TOmega/step Hamon transfer standard is being developed. The design uses fabrication techniques developed in recent years at NIST to construct high-resistance standards. C1 NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 54 EP 55 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034716 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400025 ER PT B AU Lipe, TE Reintsema, CD Kinard, JR AF Lipe, TE Reintsema, CD Kinard, JR GP IEEE IEEE TI An improved sensor for the NIST Cryogenic Thermal Transfer Standard SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB We are developing a new primary standard of ac-dc difference, based on a resistive superconducting transition-edge sensor. We describe the performance limitations of the present device, and present a new sensor design which will improve the operating environment, and hence the performance, of the standard. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 108 EP 109 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034743 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400052 ER PT B AU Zimmerman, NM Huber, WH AF Zimmerman, NM Huber, WH GP IEEE IEEE TI Excellent charge offset stability in Si-based set transistors SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB We have obtained a large improvement in one aspect of the single-electron tunneling (SET) charge offset, Q(0), problem. The long-term drift of Q(0) makes it infeasible or impossible to integrate many devices. In contrast to metal-based SET transistors (SETTs), the long-term drift in Si-based SETTs appears to be at least one thousand times smaller (better). C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 124 EP 125 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034749 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400058 ER PT B AU El Sabbagh, MA Wang, YC Zimmerman, NM AF El Sabbagh, MA Wang, YC Zimmerman, NM GP IEEE IEEE TI A new, larger cryogenic capacitor, and a direct comparison to the calculable capacitor SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB A key element of the Electron-Counting Capacitance Standard (ECCS) is the cryogenic capacitor, Ccryo- We report on a new version of C-cyro which has a value of 10 pF, ten times larger than previous versions. We also report on a new way to compare C-cryo to the calculable capacitor, C-cale which does not require timing Ccryo-. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El Sabbagh, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 130 EP 131 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034752 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400061 ER PT B AU Tanaka, U Bergquist, JC Drullinger, RE Itano, WM Tanner, CE Wineland, DJ AF Tanaka, U Bergquist, JC Drullinger, RE Itano, WM Tanner, CE Wineland, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Optical frequency standards based on the Hg-199(+) ion SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int ID FEMTOSECOND-LASER COMB; SPECTROSCOPY AB The feasibility of an optical frequency standard based on a Hg-199(+) ion is discussed. A fractional frequency instability of 7 x 10(-15) (at 1 s) has been realized for a laser locked to the S-2(1/2) - D-2(5/2) electric-quadrupole transition at 282 nm (f(o) approximate to 1.06x10(15) Hz). The apparatus for a full systematic evaluation using two Hg+ standards is under construction. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tanaka, U (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 150 EP 151 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034762 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400071 ER PT B AU Jarrett, DG AF Jarrett, DG GP IEEE IEEE TI Key comparisons for dummies: Lessons learned SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB This paper will discuss some of the challenges encountered during a recent key comparison. From these experiences, general lessons will be drawn that should prove useful both for the consultative committees and for future pilot laboratories as they consider organization of future key comparisons. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034825 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400130 ER PT B AU Elmquist, RE Zimmerman, NM Huber, WH AF Elmquist, RE Zimmerman, NM Huber, WH GP IEEE IEEE TI Using a high-value resistor in single-electron counting measurements SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB An experiment using a high-value cryogenic resistor is proposed, with the aim of improving the experimental link between three quantum electrical standards. This technique is new in its approach and does not require feedback from either a voltage detector or a current detector. Performance is limited by fundamental resistor and SQUID detector noise. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 324 EP 325 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034852 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400157 ER PT B AU Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Wunsch, TF AF Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Wunsch, TF GP IEEE IEEE TI Improved high-current thin-film multijunction thermal converters SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB We report on the fabrication of new thin-film multijunction thermal converters suitable for the measurement of current and new, simpler multiconverter modules that are much easier to manufacture than previous multiconverter modules. C1 NIST, Div Elect, Elece & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kinard, JR (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Elece & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 364 EP 365 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034873 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400177 ER PT B AU Tang, Y Kupferman, SL Salazar, MT AF Tang, Y Kupferman, SL Salazar, MT GP IEEE IEEE TI Interlaboratory comparison using a transport Josephson voltage standard system SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB A portable Josephson voltage standard (JVS) system has been used as a transfer standard to make an interlaboratory JVS comparison. The results are compared with an interlaboratory comparison between the same two JVS systems using transport Zeners made at about the same time. The portable JVS improves the uncertainty of the comparison by largely eliminating the problem associated with non-ideal Zener transportability, environmental dependence, and non-linear drift. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 394 EP 395 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034888 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400192 ER PT B AU Jarrett, DG Dziuba, RF AF Jarrett, DG Dziuba, RF GP IEEE IEEE TI Report on CCEM-k2 comparison of 10 M Omega and 1 G Omega resistance standards SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB An international comparison of dc resistance at 10 MOmega and 1 GO was organized under the auspices of the Comite Consultatif d'Electricite et Magnetisme (CCEM) and piloted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with 14 other national metrology institutes (NMIs) participating. Results from the comparison are reported. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034897 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400201 ER PT B AU Zhang, NF Sedransk, N Jarrett, DG AF Zhang, NF Sedransk, N Jarrett, DG GP IEEE IEEE TI Statistical uncertainty analysis of CCEM-K2 comparisons of resistance standards SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB Details of the statistical uncertainty analysis applied to key comparison CCEM-K2 are reported. Formulas were derived to determine the uncertainty of the combined difference between the measurements of multiple artifacts by an NMI and the corresponding predictions based on pilot lab measurements. In addition, the uncertainties of the reference value of the key comparison and the degrees of equivalence between two NMI's are obtained. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 418 EP 419 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034898 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400202 ER PT B AU Jones, RJ Cheng, WY Chen, LS Holman, KW Hall, JL Ye, J AF Jones, RJ Cheng, WY Chen, LS Holman, KW Hall, JL Ye, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Absolute frequencies, linewidths, and hyperfine structures of iodine transitions near the dissociation limit (523 to 498 nm) SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int ID 532 NM; SPECTROSCOPY AB A widely tunable and high-resolution spectrometer based on a frequency doubled Ti:sapphire laser is used to explore sub-Doppler transitions of iodine molecules in the wavelength range of 523 - 498 nm. The wavelength-dependence of the hyperfine transition linewidth of iodine is mapped out in this region. Towards the dissociation limit near 500 nm, the hyperfine-resolved patterns are found to be largely modified. A femtosecond optical comb is used to determine the absolute frequency of the 514.7 run optical standard with more than a 100-fold improvement in precision. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 420 EP 421 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034899 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400203 ER PT B AU Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD AF Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD GP IEEE IEEE TI ac Josephson voltage standard error measurements and analysis SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int ID WAVE-FORM SYNTHESIZER AB The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer can be used as a precision voltage source for both ac and dc signals. Recent improvements in circuit designs have resulted in output voltages greater than 100 mV so that we can investigate ac metrology measurements in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 50 kHz. In this paper we present experimental measurements of several significant error sources that must be considered in order to create an intrinsic ac voltage standard at these frequencies. These results and the corresponding theoretical analysis allow us to move toward creating a practical ac Josephson voltage standard. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 430 EP 431 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034904 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400208 ER PT B AU Benz, SP Martinis, JM Dresselhaus, PD Nam, SW AF Benz, SP Martinis, JM Dresselhaus, PD Nam, SW GP IEEE IEEE TI An ac Josephson source for Johnson noise thermometry' SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB We have adapted the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer to create a quantized voltage noise source suitable for calibrating the cross-correlation electronics of a Johnson noise thermometer system. The requirements of long term stability and low voltage amplitude allow dramatic simplification of the bias electronics compared to previous circuits. We describe the bias technique and the superconducting integrated circuit used to generate the pseudo-noise waveforms. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 436 EP 437 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034907 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400211 ER PT B AU Nam, S Benz, S Dresselhaus, P Tew, WL White, DR Martinis, JM AF Nam, S Benz, S Dresselhaus, P Tew, WL White, DR Martinis, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI A new approach to Johnson Noise Thermometry using a quantum voltage noise source for calibration SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int AB We describe a new approach to Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) that takes advantage of the recent advances in Josephson voltage standards and digital signal processing techniques. Previous attempts of high- precision thermometry using Johnson noise have been limited by the non-ideal performance of the electronic systems. By using the perfect quantization of voltages from the Josephson effect, any arbitrary broadband waveform can be synthesized and used as a calculable noise source for calibrating the cross-correlation electronics. With better calibration, we should be able to achieve relative accuracies of parts in 105 for an arbitrary temperature in the range between 84 K and 430 K. We present the latest measurements of our recently constructed JNT system. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nam, S (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 438 EP 439 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034908 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400212 ER PT B AU Newell, DB Pratt, JR Kramar, JA Smith, DT Williams, ER AF Newell, DB Pratt, JR Kramar, JA Smith, DT Williams, ER GP IEEE IEEE TI The NIST Microforce Realization and Measurement project SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int ID FORCE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has launched a five-year Micro-force Realization and Measurement project focusing on the development of an instrument and laboratory capable of realizing and measuring the SI unit of force below 5x10(-6) N using the electrical units as the link to the SI. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newell, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 520 EP 521 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034951 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400253 ER PT B AU Steiner, RL Newell, DB Williams, ER Liu, R AF Steiner, RL Newell, DB Williams, ER Liu, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Status of the NIST "electronic kilogram" experiment SO 2002 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2002) CY JUN 16-21, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Bureau Int Poids Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Measurements Int Ltd, Natl Conf Stand Lab Int, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int ID WATT BALANCE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has rebuilt the apparatus and facilities for the watt balance experiment, The goal is to electronically monitor the SI Kilogram at an uncertainty of 10 nW/W. We discuss the design changes and available test results to illustrate the improvements of the system. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, RL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr M-S 8112, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7242-5 PY 2002 BP 578 EP 579 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2002.1034979 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV29Y UT WOS:000178482400280 ER PT B AU Podio, FL AF Podio, FL BE Mink, A TI Personal authentication through biometric technologies SO 2002 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NETWORKED APPLIANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 4th International Workshop on Networked Appliances CY JAN 15-16, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Multimedia Commun Tech Comm, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce Technol Adm C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podio, FL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7259-X PY 2002 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1109/IWNA.2001.980804 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU30G UT WOS:000175611300007 ER PT B AU Cypher, D AF Cypher, D BE Mink, A TI Painting your home blue SO 2002 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NETWORKED APPLIANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 4th International Workshop on Networked Appliances CY JAN 15-16, 2002 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Multimedia Commun Tech Comm, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce Technol Adm C1 NIST, ITL, ANTD, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Cypher, D (reprint author), NIST, ITL, ANTD, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7259-X PY 2002 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU30G UT WOS:000175611300023 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V GP IEEE IEEE TI QoS routing under adversarial binary uncertainty SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL NEW YORK, NY SP IEEE Commun Soc, ICC GLOBECOM, IEEE, AT&T Labs, Avaya Labs, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone, Nokia, Polytech Univ, Verizon Commun ID NETWORKS AB A cost based admission control and routing scheme admits an arriving request on the minimum cost route if this cost does not exceed the cost of the request, and rejects the request otherwise. Cost based strategies naturally arise as a result of optimization of the network performance or incorporating Quality of Service (QoS) requirements into the admission and routing processes. In the former case the implied cost of the resources represents expected future revenue losses due to insufficient resources to service future requests. In the latter case the cost of a route represents the expected level of QoS, e.g., bandwidth, delay, packet loss, etc., provided to the request carried on this route. In both cases due to aggregation, statistical nature of the resource costs, propagation and queueing delays in disseminating signaling information, nonsteady or adversarial operational environment the cost of the resources may not be known exactly. Usually, this uncertainty is modeled by assuming that resource costs are random variables with fixed probability distributions, which may or may not be known to the network. This paper explores different approach intended to guard against adversarial uncertainty, i.e., worst case scenario, with respect to the resource costs lying within known "confidence" intervals. We assume that the network minimizes and the adversarial environment maximizes the loss or risk resulted from non-optimal admission and routing decisions due to the uncertainty. In a symmetric case we explicitly identify the optimal network strategy by solving the corresponding game of the network against environment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7400-2 PY 2002 BP 2268 EP 2272 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV10L UT WOS:000177818300437 ER PT B AU Miller, LE Kwak, BJ AF Miller, LE Kwak, BJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Cumulative acknowledgement multicast repetition policy for wireless LANs or ad hoc network clusters SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL NEW YORK, NY SP IEEE Commun Soc, ICC GLOBECOM, IEEE, AT&T Labs, Avaya Labs, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone, Nokia, Polytech Univ, Verizon Commun AB For a wireless LAN or a cluster of nodes in an ad hoc wireless network, multicast transmissions from a controlling station must be acknowledged by the nodes that are addressed. To ensure reliable reception at all the nodes, the multicast packet may be repeated on different transmissions, or on the same transmission as a form of diversity, or both. In this paper, policies for repeat transmissions of multicast packets are analyzed in terms of the average number of repeat transmissions required and the corresponding efficiency of the signaling on the multicast channel. The analytical results are parametric in packet/ACK error probability, the number of nodes, and the number of required ACKs. It is shown that a policy of accumulating ACKs and addressing only unacknowledged nodes on repeated non-diversity transmissions is more efficient than simply using a higher order of diversity on the multicast transmissions. Methods are shown for avoiding unnecessary repetitions in the case of a missing node. C1 NIST, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, LE (reprint author), NIST, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7400-2 PY 2002 BP 3403 EP 3407 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV10L UT WOS:000177818300647 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, C AF Rasmussen, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Combining laser range, color, and texture cues for autonomous road following SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 11-15, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB We describe results on combining depth information from a laser range-finder and color and texture image cues to segment ill-structured dirt, gravel, and asphalt roads as input to an autonomous road following system. A large number of registered laser and camera images were captured at frame-rate on a variety,of rural roads, allowing laser features such as 3-D height and smoothness to be correlated with image features such as color histograms and Gabor filter responses. A small set of road models was generated by training separate neural networks on labeled feature vectors clustered by road "type." By first classifying the type of a novel road image, an appropriate second-stage classifier was selected to segment individual pixels, achieving a high degree of accuracy on arbitrary images from the dataset. Segmented images combined with laser range information and the vehicle's inertial navigation data were used to construct 3-D maps suitable for path planning. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM crasmuss@nist.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7272-7 PY 2002 BP 4320 EP 4325 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV31M UT WOS:000178573200684 ER PT B AU Hong, TH Chang, T Rasmussen, C Shneier, M AF Hong, TH Chang, T Rasmussen, C Shneier, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Feature detection and tracking for mobile robots using a combination of Ladar and color images SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 11-15, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID ATTENTION; VISION; FOCUS AB In an outdoor, off-road mobile robotics environment, it is important to identify objects that can affect the vehicle's ability to traverse its planned path, and to determine their three-dimensional characteristics. In this paper, a combination of three elements is used to accomplish this task. An imaging ladar collects range images of the scene. A color camera, whose position relative to the ladar is known, is used to gather color images. Information extracted from these sensors is used to build a world model, a representation of the current state of the world. The world model is used actively in the sensing to predict what should be visible in each of the sensors during the next imaging cycle. The paper explains how the combined use of these three types of information leads to a robust understanding of the local environment surrounding the robotic vehicle for two important tasks: puddle/pond avoidance and road sign detection. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hong, TH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7272-7 PY 2002 BP 4340 EP 4345 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV31M UT WOS:000178573200687 ER PT B AU Wilson, P Ladbury, J Koepke, G AF Wilson, P Ladbury, J Koepke, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Pseudo-isotropic source for anechoic chamber qualification SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs AB A pseudo-isotropic source is presented. The source consists of an electrically large cavity with internal excitation (horn antenna), a variable internal boundary condition (a rotating paddle as in a reverberation chamber), and randomly placed apertures for external radiation. On average, the radiation pattern approaches that of an isotropic source. Data are presented for a non-optimized box realization showing +/- 3 dB isotropy over typical planar cuts. Simulations suggest that better than +/- 2 dB should be possible. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200008 ER PT B AU Wilson, P Holloway, CL Candidi, M AF Wilson, P Holloway, CL Candidi, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparisons of planar versus spherical emission measurements for unintentional emitters SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs AB The emission patterns from electrically-large objects are complex and require time-consuming spherical scans to determine the emission maximums. A planar cut through the spherical pattern is a relatively easy measurement to make and resembles the techniques used in present EMC emissions mid immunity standards. However, a planar cut is likely to miss the maximum emission from a test object. This paper explores how planar cut data can be used to estimate the spherical emissions maximum. Simulated data including both the full spherical radiation pattern and planar cut estimates for a random emitter are presented. The key result is that, if planar cut data can be used to accurately approximate the mean radiation power, then directivity estimates for electrically large emitters can be used to accurately predict the maximum emissions. The results presented here have application to emissions and immunity measurements at frequencies above 1 GHz where most objects will be electrically large and have complex emissions and receiving patterns. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200036 ER PT B AU Grosvenor, CA Novotny, D Johnk, R Canales, N Veneman, J AF Grosvenor, CA Novotny, D Johnk, R Canales, N Veneman, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Shielding effectiveness measurements using the direct illumination technique SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs DE antenna gain; direct illumination; reverberation chamber; shielding effectiveness AB We discuss the direct illumination and reverberation chamber techniques for measuring shielding effectiveness. Using the reverberation chamber as our reference, we explain the differences between the measurements and corrections applied to the direct illumination technique. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grosvenor, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Fields Grp, 813-02,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200074 ER PT B AU Ladbury, JM Lehman, TH Koepke, GH AF Ladbury, JM Lehman, TH Koepke, GH GP IEEE IEEE TI Coupling to devices in electrically large cavities, or why classical EMC evaluation techniques are becoming obsolete SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs AB We show that the coupling between a sensor in an electrically large metallic cavity (artifact) and the outside world is a very complicated problem with small changes inside the cavity resulting in signal changes of greater than 20 dB. However, this problem can be greatly simplified by separating the task into two components: a statistical "reverberation chamber" type component, and a deterministic component (trends as a function of aspect angle, frequency, or other parameter). Me give methods for evaluating each of these effects, and show how they can be applied in a specific detailed example. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 81302 USA. RP Ladbury, JM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 81302 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200117 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL AF Holloway, CL GP IEEE IEEE TI A discussion of losses and changes in the characteristic impedance of finitely-conducting planar transmission-line structures SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs ID CLOSED-FORM EXPRESSIONS; MICROSTRIP LINE; GROUND PLANE AB This paper discusses the effects that imperfect conductors have on the propagation characteristics of planar transmission-line structures. We present closed-form expressions for the attenuation constant and the resistance per unit length for various planar structures are presented. We also present expressions for predicting the change in the characteristic impedance due to penetration of fields into finite conductors. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 743 EP 747 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200135 ER PT S AU Bartels, R Backus, S Paul, A Kapteyn, H Murnane, M AF Bartels, R Backus, S Paul, A Kapteyn, H Murnane, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Coherent EUV Imaging with bright high harmonic radiation SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bartels, R (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700066 ER PT S AU Ye, J Cundiff, ST Foreman, S Fortier, T Hall, JL Holman, KW Jones, DJ Jones, RJ AF Ye, J Cundiff, ST Foreman, S Fortier, T Hall, JL Holman, KW Jones, DJ Jones, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI From relative to absolute: optical phase measurement and control in ultrashort pulses SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; FEMTOSECOND LASER; COMB C1 JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700082 ER PT S AU Oates, CW Diddams, SA Bize, S Curtis, EA Ramond, TM Bartels, A Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L AF Oates, CW Diddams, SA Bize, S Curtis, EA Ramond, TM Bartels, A Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Frequency metrology with optical clocks: Comparison of the Ca and Hg+ clock transitions SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID LASER C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 275 EP 276 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700136 ER PT S AU Newbury, NR Corwin, KL Dudley, JM Coen, S Diddams, SA Weber, K Windeler, RS AF Newbury, NR Corwin, KL Dudley, JM Coen, S Diddams, SA Weber, K Windeler, RS GP IEEE IEEE TI Measurements and simulations of noise imposed on supercontinuum generated in microstructure fiber SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID CONTINUUM GENERATION; OPTICAL FIBERS AB We present experimental and theoretical broadband noise that exists on supercontinuum Ti:Sapphire pulses into microstructure fiber. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Dudley, John /0000-0001-9520-9699 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 663 EP 664 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700329 ER PT S AU Clement, TS Williams, DF Hale, PD Morgan, JA AF Clement, TS Williams, DF Hale, PD Morgan, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Calibrating photoreceiver response to 110 GHz SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We have measured the magnitude and phase responses of a photoreceiver to 110 GHz using a calibrated electro-optic sampling system. The frequency range of the calibration is limited only by our 1 mm coaxial connectors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Clement, TS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 877 EP 878 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700437 ER PT S AU Geyer, RG Kabos, P Baker-Jarvis, J AF Geyer, RG Kabos, P Baker-Jarvis, J BE Hamilton, R TI Dielectric sleeve resonator techniques for variable-temperature microwave characterization of ferroelectric materials SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS AB Low-loss sleeve resonators can be used for accurate microwave dielectric characterization of rod-shaped test specimens. The test specimen is inserted into the dielectric sleeve resonator and placed centrally in a metal cavity. With the use of additional sleeve resonators having differing external diameters or permittivities, a single specimen can be characterized at multiple frequencies. Sleeve resonators can also be employed for accurate dielectric characterization of high-permittivity specimens having dielectric loss factors greater than 0.001. Closed-form solutions for TE0np resonant mode structure are given. Uncertainty relations for permittivity and dielectric loss are also shown, which demonstrate that when sample electric energy filling factors are greater than 0.4, relative uncertainties in measured permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are less than 1% and 4%, even for relative permittivities. greater than 600. Example measurements are given that illustrate how this dielectric resonator system can be employed for dielectric characterization of ferroelectric materials at temperatures both near or far from their Curie temperatures. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geyer, RG (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 1657 EP 1660 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900387 ER PT S AU Leong, K Mazierska, J Jacob, MV Ledenyov, D AF Leong, K Mazierska, J Jacob, MV Ledenyov, D BE Hamilton, R TI Comparing unloaded Q-factor of a high-Q dielectric resonator measured using the transmission mode and reflection mode methods involving S-parameter circle fitting. SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS ID FILMS AB A comparative study of unloaded Q-factor measurements of a TE011 mode sapphire dielectric resonator with unloaded Q-factor value of 731,000 at a frequency of 10 GHz and temperature of 65 K using two best Q-factor measurement methods are presented. The Transmission. (TMQF) and Reflection methods are based on relevant multifrequency S-parameter measurements and circle-fitting procedures to compute the unloaded Q-factor of the resonator. For accurate comparison of the methods a delay compensation procedure (introduced in the TMQF technique to remove delay due to noncalibrated cables) has been applied also to the reflection data. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Leong, K (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jacob, Mohan/B-9097-2009 OI Jacob, Mohan/0000-0002-2598-7193 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 1665 EP 1668 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900389 ER PT S AU Randa, J AF Randa, J BE Hamilton, R TI Simulations of noise-parameter uncertainties SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS AB This paper reports results for uncertainties obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation of noise-parameter measurements. The simulator permits the computation of the dependence of the uncertainty in the noise parameters on uncertainties in the underlying quantities. Results have been obtained for the effect due to uncertainties in the reflection coefficients of the input terminations, the noise temperature of the hot noise source, connector variability, the ambient temperature, and the measurement of the output noise. Representative results are presented for both uncorrelated and correlated uncertainties in the underlying quantities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 1845 EP 1848 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900431 ER PT S AU Remley, KA Jargon, JA Schreurs, D DeGroot, DC Gupta, KC AF Remley, KA Jargon, JA Schreurs, D DeGroot, DC Gupta, KC BE Hamilton, R TI Repeat measurements and metrics for nonlinear model development SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS ID DEVICE AB We develop a method to study nonlinear models using metrics in conjunction with repeat measurements. We illustrate this procedure by investigating the performance of three types of measurement-based nonlinear circuit models using two different metrics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 2169 EP 2172 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900509 ER PT S AU Hurley, DC Richards, AJ Tewary, VK Bendavid, A Martin, PJ AF Hurley, DC Richards, AJ Tewary, VK Bendavid, A Martin, PJ BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Elastic properties of hardness coatings using surface acoustic wave spectroscopy SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID FILTERED ARC EVAPORATION; TIN FILMS AB Surface acoustic wave (SAW) spectroscopy is a nondestructive way to determine thin-film properties. Plane-wave SAWs are generated by a line-focused pulsed laser and detected by a Michelson interferometer. Phase velocity dispersion relations over hundreds of megahertz are obtained by measuring the wave displacement versus propagation distance. Data analysis employs a new Green's function model that accommodates elastic anisotropy in the entire layered system. With this approach, quantitative values for film properties such as thickness d and Young's modulus E are obtained. We evaluate two materials developed for enhanced wear resistance and show how different models containing one or more layers affect the results. In TiN films, E generally increased with increasing d and decreasing compressive residual stress sigma, regardless of the analysis model used. In superhard Ti1-xSixNy films with a nanocomposite structure, SAW values for E were obtained. When combined with microhardness data from instrumented indentation techniques, these results showed that hardness-to-modulus ratios related to scratch and abrasion resistance were quite high. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bendavid, Avi/G-4234-2013 OI Bendavid, Avi/0000-0002-2454-9714 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193386 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700045 ER PT S AU Kumon, RE AF Kumon, RE BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Nonlinear SAW propagation in thin-film systems with residual stress SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID SURFACE ACOUSTIC-WAVES; CRYSTALS AB The propagation of small- and finite-amplitude surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in stressed thin-film systems is modeled. Results are presented for an initially monofrequency, plane wave traveling in the (100) direction of systems composed of either Ge (loading) or diamond (stiffening) epitaxial films under compressive stress on an unstressed (001) Si substrate. Cases are considered for both thinner and thicker films in terms of their ratios of dispersion to nonlinearity ratios. For finite-amplitude waves, comparison between unstressed and stressed films indicates that larger effects occur at longer propagation distances and for higher harmonics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kumon, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193433 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700092 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Lauria, DS Smythe, RC AF Johnson, WL Kim, SA Lauria, DS Smythe, RC BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Acoustic damping in langatate as a function of temperature, frequency, and mechanical contact SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB Resonant acoustic damping in planoconvex (trapped-mode) langatate (La(3)Ga(5.5)Ta(0.5)O(14)) disks was measured at frequencies from 2 MHz to 18 MHz and temperatures from 130 K to 450 K. A broad anelastic relaxation peak was observed in the temperature dependence of the damping, and this peak extends into the ambient temperature range. Measurements and theoretical calculations of the vibrational trapping efficiency indicate that external damping was not significant for measured overtones above the fundamental. For some modes, relatively narrow peaks in the temperature dependence of the loss were observed, and these are attributed to coupling with other modes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193555 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700213 ER PT S AU Ban, K Gharavi, H AF Ban, K Gharavi, H GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Video transmission for multi-hop networks using IEEE 802.11 FHSS SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In many applications such as construction, manufacturing, ground robotic vehicles, and rescue operations, there are many issues that necessitate the capability of transmitting digital video and that such transmissions should be performed wirelessly and in an ad-hoc manner. Recently, we proposed an ad-hoc, cluster-based, multihop network architecture for video communications. For implementation, the IEEE 802.11 FHSS wireless LAN system using 2GFSK modulation has been deployed. To enhance the overall throughput rate for higher quality video communications, we present a performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11 FHSS when 4GFSK modulation option is selected. Unfortunately, the 2 Mb/s system utilizing 4GFSK modulation is not very efficient in terms of RF range. Therefore, to improve its performance for multihop applications, a combination of diversity and non-coherent Viterbi based receiver is considered. For the video transmission part, we have considered a bitstream splitting technique together with a packet-based error protection strategy to combat packet drops under multipath fading conditions. Finally, the paper presents the simulation results, including the effects of the receiver design and diversity on the quality of the received video signals. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ban, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur DrStop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-7622-6 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2002 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX41R UT WOS:000185208200005 ER PT S AU Griffith, DW Lee, SK AF Griffith, DW Lee, SK BE Olariu, S TI Dynamic expansion of M : N protection groups in GMPLS optical networks SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOPS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2002) CY AUG 18-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ, IBM Res, Microsoft Res, James Madison Univ, CISC AB In order to provide reliable connections across metropolitan and wide-area optical networks, the network operator must provide some degree of redundancy so that traffic can be switched from damaged working paths to backup paths that are disjoint from the working paths that they are protecting. In the most general form of path protection, N working paths between two client edge nodes are protected by M backup paths. The set of working and protection paths forms a M:N protection group. In the near future, optical transport networks (OTNs) will use an automated control plane to set up, tear down, or modify connections between client edge nodes. If protection groups are allowed to evolve over time, with working and backup paths being set up or torn down individually, it may be necessary to modify other working and backup paths in addition to those that are being created or destroyed, in order to maximize network utilization. In this paper, we examine the mechanisms that can support adaptive M:N protection group management and describe how existing Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) signaling protocols allow this capability to be deployed in the OTN. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.griffith@nist.gov; sukyoung@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-1680-7 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2002 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2002.1039727 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV03Z UT WOS:000177667600022 ER PT S AU Lee, SK Kim, C Griffith, D AF Lee, SK Kim, C Griffith, D BE Olariu, S TI Hierarchical restoration scheme for multiple failures in GMPLS networks SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOPS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2002) CY AUG 18-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ, IBM Res, Microsoft Res, James Madison Univ, CISC AB It is expected that GMPLS-based recovery could become a viable option for obtaining faster restoration than layer 3 rerouting. Even though dedicated restoration ensures restorability of connections, exclusive use of dedicated scheme would result in wasting network resources, especially in case of providing for multiple failures. A range of restoration schemes have been proposed that use the concept of sharing capacity to improve efficiency. However, the case of multiple simultaneous failures has not been considered. In this paper we propose a hierarchical scheme for handling multiple simultaneous failures, where hierarchical Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) are applied. We also introduce Backup Group Multiplexing (BGM) into our hierarchical scheme to precipitate the restoration of multiple Label Switched Paths (LSPs) with failures all at once. Furthermore, the proposed scheme selects a backup path with enough resources to satisfy renegotiated Quality of Service (QoS) of each backup group, among M backup paths. Our simulation results demonstrate that our scheme utilizes bandwidth more efficiently through multiplexing gain. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sukyoung@antd.nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-1680-7 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2002 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2002.1039728 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV03Z UT WOS:000177667600023 ER PT B AU Lee, S Griffith, D Song, NO AF Lee, S Griffith, D Song, NO GP IEEE IEEE TI An analytical approach to shared backup path provisioning in GMPLS networks SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB As GMPLS and its supporting set of protocols develop into a viable control plane for optical networks, an important function that they will need to support will be the restoration and protection function that has been a major feature of legacy optical networks. Several models have been proposed for protection with GMPLS using shared backup paths. This previous work has not investigated the effect on recovery time(i.e. service interruption time) critical to the service or the number of backup paths that are required to meet a desired level of performance. Using both recovery time and recovery failure probability, we have developed a new analytic model for GMPLS-based recovery in M : N protection groups. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500014 ER PT B AU Coniglio, MC Stensrud, DJ Richman, MB AF Coniglio, MC Stensrud, DJ Richman, MB GP AMS AMS TI An observational study of derecho-producing convective systems SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ENVIRONMENTS C1 NSSL, NOAA, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NSSL, NOAA, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400003 ER PT B AU Miller, DJ Andra, DL Evans, JS Johns, RH AF Miller, DJ Andra, DL Evans, JS Johns, RH GP AMS AMS TI Observations of the 27 May 2001 high-end derecho event in Oklahoma SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Norman, OK USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), 1200 Westheimer,Room 101, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400004 ER PT B AU Trapp, RJ Weisman, MIL AF Trapp, RJ Weisman, MIL GP AMS AMS TI Low-level mesovortices within squall lines: Vortexgenesis, and association with damaging surface winds SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400007 ER PT B AU Blahyj, DM Imy, DA AF Blahyj, DM Imy, DA GP AMS AMS TI Severe weather evolution associated with a bow echo and a series of mesolows SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NSW, Storm Predict Ctr, NCEP, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Imy, DA (reprint author), NOAA, NSW, Storm Predict Ctr, NCEP, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400010 ER PT B AU Green, GD Runyan, DN AF Green, GD Runyan, DN GP AMS AMS TI Evolution of an intense MCS over south-central Arizona on 16-17 August 2001 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Forecast Off, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. RP Green, GD (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Forecast Off, PAB 500,POB 52025, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400011 ER PT B AU Ewald, R Nietfeld, DD AF Ewald, R Nietfeld, DD GP AMS AMS TI The 10-11 April 2001 late night tornado outbreak along a squall line in south central Nebraska/north central Kansas SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. RP Ewald, R (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 6365 N Osborne Dr, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400013 ER PT B AU Blanchard, DO AF Blanchard, DO GP AMS AMS TI Evolution of a mesoscale convective vortex over northern Arizona SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID WARM-CORE VORTEX; COMPLEXES; VORTICES; MONSOON C1 NOAA, NWS, Flagstaff, AZ 86015 USA. RP Blanchard, DO (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, POB 16049, Flagstaff, AZ 86015 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400016 ER PT B AU Scharfenberg, KA AF Scharfenberg, KA GP AMS AMS TI Polarimetric radar observations of a microburst-producing thunderstorm during steps SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DOPPLER RADAR; DRIVEN; MODEL C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Scharfenberg, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400020 ER PT B AU Wang, SO Yang, M Liu, M Westphal, D Sashegyi, KD Xu, Q AF Wang, SO Yang, M Liu, M Westphal, D Sashegyi, KD Xu, Q GP AMS AMS TI A case study of 7-9 April 2001 dust storm in Northern China SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400023 ER PT B AU Lane, JD AF Lane, JD GP AMS AMS TI A climatological analysis of heatbursts in Oklahoma SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; HEAT BURST; PRECIPITATION; FEATURES; RADAR C1 NOAA, NWS, Forecast Off, Greer, SC 29651 USA. RP Lane, JD (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Forecast Off, Greer, SC 29651 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400024 ER PT B AU Glass, FH Britt, MF AF Glass, FH Britt, MF GP AMS AMS TI The historic Missouri-Illinois high precipitation supercell of 10 April 2001 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. RP Glass, FH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 12 Res Pk Dr, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400027 ER PT B AU Calianese, EJ Jordan, JK Curran, EB Moller, AR Woodall, G AF Calianese, EJ Jordan, JK Curran, EB Moller, AR Woodall, G GP AMS AMS TI The Mayfest high-precipitation supercell of 5 May 1995 - A case study SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. RP Calianese, EJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Suite 100,2579 S Loop 289, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400028 ER PT B AU Jorgensen, DP Wakimoto, RM AF Jorgensen, DP Wakimoto, RM GP AMS AMS TI The research aircraft component of the Bow-Echo and MCV Experiment (BAMEX) SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RADAR C1 NOAA, NSSL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Jorgensen, DP (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400031 ER PT B AU Lakshmanan, V AF Lakshmanan, V GP AMS AMS TI 4.5: WDSS-II: An extensible, multi-source meteorological algorithm development interface SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB We describe the requirements - scientific, technical and economic - of scientists and engineers who are developing new meteorological algorithms and products. We argue that these requirements call for quick and ready access to multiple, disparate sources of data (including the outputs of other algorithms) in a uniform manner. We also argue that developer convenience dictates that it be possible to develop and test algorithms using data from an operational system without impacting that system. For efficiency, algorithm developers should be able to run multiple instances of any algorithm and to compare the performances of the different instances. It should be possible to easily visualize the intermediate and final outputs of the algorithms alongside the original data and the outputs of other algorithms. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) geared towards algorithm development should provide all of these features to create a robust community of meteorological algorithm developers. In this paper, we describe an API that meets these developer needs. Other papers in this session describe new algorithms that have been developed using this API, called the Warning Decision Support System - Integrated Information (WDSS-II). These algorithms illustrate different facets, both of the requirements of new algorithms and of the capabilities of the API. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 134 EP 137 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400036 ER PT B AU Lynn, RJ AF Lynn, RJ GP AMS AMS TI The WDSS-II supercell identification and assessment algorithm SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID HOOK ECHOES; STORMS; WIND C1 NOAA, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lynn, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400038 ER PT B AU Hondl, KD AF Hondl, KD GP AMS AMS TI Current and planned activities for the Warning Decision Support System - Integrated information (WDSS-II) SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hondl, KD (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 146 EP 148 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400039 ER PT B AU Broyles, C Wynne, R Dipasquale, N Guerrero, H Hendricks, T AF Broyles, C Wynne, R Dipasquale, N Guerrero, H Hendricks, T GP AMS AMS TI Radar characteristics of violent tornadic storms using the NSSL algorithms across separate geographic regions of the United States SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Amarillo, TX 79108 USA. RP Broyles, C (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1900 English Rd, Amarillo, TX 79108 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400040 ER PT B AU Janish, JM Droegemeier, KK Gao, JD AF Janish, JM Droegemeier, KK Gao, JD GP AMS AMS TI Relationships between baroclinically-generated horizontal vorticity and mesocyclone intensity as revealed by simple adjoint wind retrievals using WSR-88D data SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ROTATION C1 CIMMS NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Janish, JM (reprint author), CIMMS NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400041 ER PT B AU Wood, VT Brown, RA Cheresnick, DR AF Wood, VT Brown, RA Cheresnick, DR GP AMS AMS TI On the investigation of vertically integrated liquid (VIL) using WSR-88D's new volume coverage patterns SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ALGORITHM C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400048 ER PT B AU Witt, A McCoy, VK AF Witt, A McCoy, VK GP AMS AMS TI P4.3 improvements to the WSR-88D Storm Cell Identification and Tracking algorithm SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Witt, A (reprint author), NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400049 ER PT B AU Brown, RA Wood, VT AF Brown, RA Wood, VT GP AMS AMS TI Improved detection of Lake Ontario snowstorms using lower elevation angles for surrounding WSR-88DS: A simulation SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID EFFECT SNOW; STORMS C1 NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 190 EP 193 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400050 ER PT B AU Smith, TM Elmore, KL Myers, SA AF Smith, TM Elmore, KL Myers, SA GP AMS AMS TI Development and validation of downburst prediction equations for the DDPDA SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400051 ER PT B AU Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ AF Trapp, RJ Stumpf, GJ GP AMS AMS TI A reassassment of the percentage of tornadic mesocyclones SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID WSR-88D; VORTEX C1 Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400052 ER PT B AU Myers, SA Smith, TM AF Myers, SA Smith, TM GP AMS AMS TI An evaluation of NSSL's near-storm environment algorithm SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Myers, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 214 EP 216 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400057 ER PT B AU Lakshmanan, V AF Lakshmanan, V GP AMS AMS TI P5.1: Real-time merging of multisource data SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB We describe an extension of the virtual volume concept to multiple sensors. Data from multiple sensors are combined in real-time and mapped into a constantly updating three-dimensional grid. The data are combined in a time-centric manner, with data replacing older data, regardless of the sensor that the older data came from. We discuss scaling problems with this method and how they can be resolved. We demonstrate this method of merging real-time data on base data (such as radar reflectivity) as well as on derived data (such as linear least square derivatives). C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400060 ER PT B AU Lynn, RJ Lakshmanan, V AF Lynn, RJ Lakshmanan, V GP AMS AMS TI Virtual radar volumes: Creation, algorithm access, and visualization SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lynn, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400061 ER PT B AU Edwards, R Lemon, LR AF Edwards, R Lemon, LR GP AMS AMS TI Proactive or reactive: The severe storm threat to large event venues SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Edwards, R (reprint author), Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400062 ER PT B AU Zeitler, JW AF Zeitler, JW GP AMS AMS TI A new flash flood action paradigm SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS Weather Forecast Off, Austin, TX USA. RP Zeitler, JW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS Weather Forecast Off, Austin, TX USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400063 ER PT B AU Ewald, R Guyer, JL AF Ewald, R Guyer, JL GP AMS AMS TI The ideal lead time for tomado warnings - A look from the customer's perspective SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. RP Ewald, R (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 6365 N Osborne Dr, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400065 ER PT B AU Gilmore, MS Wicker, LJ Mansell, ER Straka, JM Rasmussen, EN AF Gilmore, MS Wicker, LJ Mansell, ER Straka, JM Rasmussen, EN GP AMS AMS TI Idealized boundary-crossing supercell simulations of 2 June 1995 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PARAMETERIZATION; THUNDERSTORM; COLLISIONS C1 NOAA, NSSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gilmore, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 325 Broadway N-C-MRD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400067 ER PT B AU Wicker, LJ Dowell, D Richardson, Y Wilhelmson, R AF Wicker, LJ Dowell, D Richardson, Y Wilhelmson, R GP AMS AMS TI A large eddy simulation of a tornadic supercell: Comparison with observations SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wicker, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400070 ER PT B AU Janish, PR Weiss, SJ Schneider, R Cupo, JP Szoke, E Brown, JM Ziegler, C AF Janish, PR Weiss, SJ Schneider, R Cupo, JP Szoke, E Brown, JM Ziegler, C GP AMS AMS TI Probabilistic convection initiation forecasts in support of IHOP during the 2002 SPC/NSSL Spring Program SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Janish, PR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193; NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400076 ER PT B AU Peckham, SE Wilhelmson, RB Wicker, LJ Ziegler, CL AF Peckham, SE Wilhelmson, RB Wicker, LJ Ziegler, CL GP AMS AMS TI Numerical simulation of the interaction between the dryline and horizontal convective rolls SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, FSL, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Peckham, SE (reprint author), NOAA, FSL, DSRC, R-FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400078 ER PT B AU Rust, WD MacGorman, DR Krehbiel, PR Hamlin, T Harlin, J Rison, W Thomas, R Bruning, EC AF Rust, WD MacGorman, DR Krehbiel, PR Hamlin, T Harlin, J Rison, W Thomas, R Bruning, EC GP AMS AMS TI Aspects of electric field profiles and total lightning in severe thunderstorms in steps SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TORNADIC STORM; CHARGE C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Rust, WD (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400081 ER PT B AU Porter, CW AF Porter, CW GP AMS AMS TI Improving short-term warnings through rapid update of radar-detected severe weather features SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; WSR-88D C1 NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Porter, CW (reprint author), NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 323 EP 325 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400086 ER PT B AU Deese, JT Paxton, CH AF Deese, JT Paxton, CH GP AMS AMS TI Utilization of the GFE in severe weather recognition at the Tampa Bay Area National Weather Service SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. RP Deese, JT (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Tampa Bay,2525 14th Ave S, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 326 EP 328 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400087 ER PT B AU Jungbluth, K AF Jungbluth, K GP AMS AMS TI The tornado warning process during a fast-moving low-topped event: 11 April 2001 in Iowa SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Jungbluth, K (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Moines 9607 NW Beaver Dr, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400088 ER PT B AU Bunkers, MJ Klimowski, BA Zeitler, JW AF Bunkers, MJ Klimowski, BA Zeitler, JW GP AMS AMS TI The importance of parcel choice and the measure of vertical wind shear in evaluating the convective environment SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SQUALL LINES; SUPERCELL; STORMS; TORNADOES C1 Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Bunkers, MJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 300 E Signal Dr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400101 ER PT B AU LaCorte, J Grumm, RH AF LaCorte, J Grumm, RH GP AMS AMS TI The climatology and character of Pennsylvania severe weather SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Grumm, RH (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400102 ER PT B AU Crisp, CA Janish, PR Carbin, GW Just, A AF Crisp, CA Janish, PR Carbin, GW Just, A GP AMS AMS TI Creation of a severe thunderstorm event web page for research and training purposes at the National Severe Storms Laboratory and Storm Prediction Center SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Crisp, CA (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400105 ER PT B AU Gerard, A Robinson-Cook, A AF Gerard, A Robinson-Cook, A GP AMS AMS TI Warning decision making processes at WFO Jackson, MS during the tornado outbreak of 24 November 2001 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Jackson, MS 39232 USA. RP Gerard, A (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 234 Weather Serv Dr, Jackson, MS 39232 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400107 ER PT B AU Kwiatkowski, JJ Sherrieb, DL AF Kwiatkowski, JJ Sherrieb, DL GP AMS AMS TI Impact of small tornadoes on National Weather Service operations 29 July, 2001 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 6900 W Hanna, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400108 ER PT B AU Johnson, FR Welsh, P Lambert, JD AF Johnson, FR Welsh, P Lambert, JD GP AMS AMS TI Wireless storm spotter and marine reporting system (WSSMRS) - A National Weather Service Jacksonville/University of North Florida research project. SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, WFO, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. RP Johnson, FR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, WFO, 13701 FANG Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 408 EP 408 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400109 ER PT B AU Bradshaw, JT DeBlock, JD Hart, PA Linhares, MA Pence, KJ Westland, JA AF Bradshaw, JT DeBlock, JD Hart, PA Linhares, MA Pence, KJ Westland, JA GP AMS AMS TI Warning decision making issues during the 24 November 2001 tornado outbreak SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Bradshaw, JT (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400110 ER PT B AU Parker, SS Waldron, H AF Parker, SS Waldron, H GP AMS AMS TI Dramatically improving warning services - One office's experience SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv Off, Morristown 37814, TN USA. RP Parker, SS (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv Off, 5974 Commerce Blvd, Morristown 37814, TN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 413 EP 414 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400111 ER PT B AU Rydell, NN Ward, JD AF Rydell, NN Ward, JD GP AMS AMS TI Applying a mixed tornado/flooding event to the new National Weather Service training environment SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. RP Rydell, NN (reprint author), 2090 Airport Rd, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 415 EP 418 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400112 ER PT B AU Schaefer, JT Just, A AF Schaefer, JT Just, A GP AMS AMS TI The month-to-month consistency in the occurrence rates of tornadoes and severe thunderstorms SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, SPC, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Schaefer, JT (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, SPC, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 442 EP 445 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400119 ER PT B AU Weiss, SJ Hart, JA Janish, PR AF Weiss, SJ Hart, JA Janish, PR GP AMS AMS TI An examination of severe thunderstorm wind report climatology: 1970-1999 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Weiss, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 446 EP 449 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400120 ER PT B AU Bartels, DL Carbone, RE Ahijevich, DA Miller, LJ Tuttle, JD AF Bartels, DL Carbone, RE Ahijevich, DA Miller, LJ Tuttle, JD GP AMS AMS TI Severe weather associated with warm season precipitation episodes SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NSSL, NCMRD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bartels, DL (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, NCMRD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 450 EP 451 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400121 ER PT B AU Van Cooten, S AF Van Cooten, S GP AMS AMS TI A severe weather climatology for the NWS WFO New Orleans-Baton Rouge County Warning Area (CWA) SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Van Cooten, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400123 ER PT B AU LaDue, JG AF LaDue, JG GP AMS AMS TI The structure of a tornadic bow echo in Idaho SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID STORMS; ORGANIZATION; CONVERGENCE; INITIATION; LINES; SHEAR C1 Warning Decis Training Branch, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP LaDue, JG (reprint author), 3200 Marshall Ave,Suite 202, Norman, OK USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400132 ER PT B AU Wolf, R AF Wolf, R GP AMS AMS TI Doppler radar observations of squall line tornadogenesis near the KDVN WSR-88D SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Davenport, IA 52806 USA. RP Wolf, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 9050 Harrison St, Davenport, IA 52806 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400136 ER PT B AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, R GP AMS AMS TI Linear and nonlinear propagation of supercell storms SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; ROTATION; HELICITY C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 511 EP 514 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400137 ER PT B AU Ryzhkov, A Burgess, D Zrnic, D Smith, T Giangrande, S AF Ryzhkov, A Burgess, D Zrnic, D Smith, T Giangrande, S GP AMS AMS TI Polarimetric analysis of a 3 May 1999 tornado SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, A (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400138 ER PT B AU Taylor, J Lashley, SL Smith, RE Murphy, PB Logsdon, JA AF Taylor, J Lashley, SL Smith, RE Murphy, PB Logsdon, JA GP AMS AMS TI The 24 October 2001 tornado outbreak SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, IWX, Syracuse, IN 46567 USA. RP Taylor, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, IWX, 7506E 850N, Syracuse, IN 46567 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400139 ER PT B AU Zubrick, SM Watson, BM AF Zubrick, SM Watson, BM GP AMS AMS TI The Washington DC tornado of 24 September 2001: Pre-storm environment and radar perspectives SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. RP Zubrick, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 44087 Weather Serv Rd, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400140 ER PT B AU Collins, WG AF Collins, WG GP AMS AMS TI Possible tornadogenesis mechanism during the 15 November 2001 South Texas coastal bend event SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DOPPLER RADAR; TORNADOES; COLORADO C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 300 Pinson Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 539 EP 542 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400144 ER PT B AU McCoy, VK Stumpf, GJ AF McCoy, VK Stumpf, GJ GP AMS AMS TI Using a GIS to compare the May 3, 1999 Oklahoma City tornado damage path with WSR-88D signatures SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP McCoy, VK (reprint author), 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 547 EP 550 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400146 ER PT B AU Hodanish, S Davies, J AF Hodanish, S Davies, J GP AMS AMS TI The 29 May 2001 Lamar, Colorado tornadic event: A boundary-driven significant tornadic storm in a high cape/weak shear environment SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SUPERCELL C1 Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP Hodanish, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400147 ER PT B AU Hodanish, S AF Hodanish, S GP AMS AMS TI An overview of the 28-29 May 2001 severe weather outbreak over southeast Colorado SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP Hodanish, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400148 ER PT B AU Wolf, R Meyer, J AF Wolf, R Meyer, J GP AMS AMS TI The 2001 independence, Iowa tornado: Issues associated with non-supercell tornadogenesis far from the radar SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Davenport, IA 52748 USA. RP Wolf, R (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 9050 Harrison St, Davenport, IA 52748 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400150 ER PT B AU Guyer, JL AF Guyer, JL GP AMS AMS TI A case of supercell intensification along a preexisting boundary - Clay County Nebraska tornado of 22 September SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. RP Guyer, JL (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 6365 Osborne Dr W, Hastings, NE 68901 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400154 ER PT B AU Lott, JG DiStefano, JT AF Lott, JG DiStefano, JT GP AMS AMS TI Initial examination of the tornadic and non-tornadic supercells on 20 September 2000: Includes the F4 Xenia tornado SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. RP Lott, JG (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 1901 S State Route 134, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400155 ER PT B AU Crosbie, C Wolf, R AF Crosbie, C Wolf, R GP AMS AMS TI WSR-88D observations of non-descending tornadogenesis in proximity to a synoptic-scale frontal boundary: A case study of 18 May 2000 in northern Illinois SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TORNADOES; STORM C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Perdict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Crosbie, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Storm Perdict Ctr, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400156 ER PT B AU Darbe, D Medlin, JM AF Darbe, D Medlin, JM GP AMS AMS TI Multi-scale analysis of the 13 October 2001 central Gulf Coast shallow supercell tornado outbreak SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Mobile, AL USA. RP Darbe, D (reprint author), 8400 Airport Blvd,Bldg 11, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 607 EP 610 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400161 ER PT B AU Manikin, GS Mitchell, KE Ferrier, BS Weiss, SJ AF Manikin, GS Mitchell, KE Ferrier, BS Weiss, SJ GP AMS AMS TI Low level moisture in the ETA model: An update SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NCEP, EMC, Mesoscale Modelling Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Manikin, GS (reprint author), NCEP, EMC, Mesoscale Modelling Branch, Room 204,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400163 ER PT B AU Sharp, DW Spratt, SM Blottman, PF Kelly, DS AF Sharp, DW Spratt, SM Blottman, PF Kelly, DS GP AMS AMS TI Using high-resolution diagnostics to facilitate the short-term threat assessment of tornadoes during Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2001) SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NSW, Melbourne, Vic 32935, Australia. RP Sharp, DW (reprint author), NOAA, NSW, 421 Croton Rd, Melbourne, Vic 32935, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 623 EP 626 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400165 ER PT B AU Evans, JS Doswell, CA AF Evans, JS Doswell, CA GP AMS AMS TI Investigating derecho and supercell proximity soundings SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 1313 Halley CR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 635 EP 638 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400168 ER PT B AU Brooks, HE Craven, JP AF Brooks, HE Craven, JP GP AMS AMS TI Database of proximity soundings for significant severe thunderstorms, 1957-1993 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID EVENT C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400169 ER PT B AU Craven, JP Brooks, HE Hart, JA AF Craven, JP Brooks, HE Hart, JA GP AMS AMS TI Baseline climatology of sounding derived parameters associated with deep, moist convection SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID UNITED-STATES; SUPERCELL C1 NOAA, NWS, SPC, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Craven, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, SPC, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 643 EP 646 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400170 ER PT B AU Banacos, PC Bluestein, HB AF Banacos, PC Bluestein, HB GP AMS AMS TI Hodograph variability within analytically modeled baroclinic waves SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID WIND C1 NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Banacos, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 647 EP 650 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400171 ER PT B AU Bunkers, MJ Johnson, JS Grzywacz, JM Czepyha, LJ Klimowski, BA AF Bunkers, MJ Johnson, JS Grzywacz, JM Czepyha, LJ Klimowski, BA GP AMS AMS TI A preliminary investigation of supercell longevity SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; HAILSTORM; FLOW C1 NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Bunkers, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, 300 E Signal Dr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 655 EP 658 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400173 ER PT B AU Cheresnick, DR Basara, JB AF Cheresnick, DR Basara, JB GP AMS AMS TI The impact of land-atmosphere interactions on the Benson, MN tornado of 11 June 2001 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SOIL-MOISTURE C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Cheresnick, DR (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1313 Halley Cir, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400177 ER PT B AU Racy, J Rogash, JA AF Racy, J Rogash, JA GP AMS AMS TI The Oklahoma tornado outbreak and flash flood event of 4-5 October 1998 SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON SEVERE LOCAL STORMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Severe Local Storms CY AUG 12-16, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NSW, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Racy, J (reprint author), NOAA, NSW, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54R UT WOS:000185646400178 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, MT Vladar, AE BE Grenon, BJ Kimmel, KR TI Photomask dimensional metrology in the SEM: Has anything really changed? SO 22ND ANNUAL BACUS SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, SPIE, Int Tech Grp DE metrology; SEM; scanning electron microscope; charging; critical dimension; photomask ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT; INSULATOR SUBSTRATE; OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; MASK METROLOGY; LITHOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; FUTURE AB Photomask dimensional metrology in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has not evolved as rapidly as the metrology of resists and integrated circuit features on wafers. This has been due partly to the 4x (or 5x) reduction in the optical steppers and scanners used in the lithography process, and partly for the lesser need to account for the real three-dimensionality of the mask structures. So, where photomasks are concerned, many of the issues challenging wafer dimensional metrology at 1x are reduced by a factor of 4 or 5 and thus could be temporarily swept aside. This is rapidly changing with the introduction of advanced masks with optical proximity correction and phase shifting features used in 100 nm and smaller circuit generations. Fortunately, photomask metrology generally benefits from the advances made for wafer metrology, but there are still unique issues to be solved in this form of dimensional metrology. It is likely that no single metrology method or tool will ever provide all necessary answers. As with other types of metrology, resolution, sensitivity and linearity in-the three-dimensional measurements of the shape of the lines and phase shifting features in general (width, height and wall angles) and the departures from the desired shape (surface and edge roughness, etc.) are the key parameters. Different methods and tools differ in their ability to collect averaged and localized signals with an acceptable speed, but in any case, application of thorough knowledge of the physics of the given metrology is essential to extract the needed information. This paper will discuss the topics of precision, accuracy and traceability in the SEM metrology of photomasks. Current and possible new techniques utilized in the measurements of photomasks including charge suppression and highly accurate modeling for electron beam metrology will also be explored to answer the question "Has anything really changed?". C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4675-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4889 BP 293 EP 308 PN 1&2 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV98U UT WOS:000180592500031 ER PT S AU Potzick, J Pedulla, JM Stocker, M AF Potzick, J Pedulla, JM Stocker, M BE Grenon, BJ Kimmel, KR TI New NIST photomask linewidth standard SO 22ND ANNUAL BACUS SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, SPIE, Int Tech Grp DE metrology; linewidth; photomask; traceability; standard AB NIST is preparing to issue the next generation in its line of binary photomask linewidth standards. Called SRM 2059, it was developed for calibrating microscopes used to measure linewidths on photomasks, and consists of antireflecting chrome line and space patterns on a 6 inch quartz substrate ( 6 x 6 x 0.25 inches, or 15.2 x 15.2 x 0.635 cm). Certified line- and space-widths range from nominal 0.250 mum to 32 mum, and pitches from 0.5 mum to 250 mum, and are traceable to the definition of the meter. NIST's reference value, the definition of the meter, is well defined and unconditionally stable. Any replacement or duplicate NIST linewidth standard will be traceable to this same reference, and thus traceable to any other NIST length standard. Such measurement traceability can be achieved only by evaluating the measurement uncertainty (not just the repeatability) of each length comparison-in the metrology chain between the definition of the meter and the NIST linewidth standard. This process results in a confidence interval about the calibration result that has a 95% probability of containing the true value. While the meter (and the mum) are well-defined, the geometrical width of a chrome line with nonrectangular cross section is not, and so the "true value" linewidth must be carefully defined to best meet users' needs. The paper and. presentation will describe how these mask features are measured at NIST and how their measurement traceability is accomplished. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potzick, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4675-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4889 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.467432 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV98U UT WOS:000180592500036 ER PT B AU Nyden, MR Gilman, JW Davis, RD Shields, JR AF Nyden, MR Gilman, JW Davis, RD Shields, JR BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI High-throughput methods for flammability screening of multicomponent polymer blends and nanocomposites SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE combinatorial; high-throughput; nanocomposites ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES AB A summary of research directed at the development and application of high-throughput methods for multi-component polymer blends and nanocomposites is presented. C1 NIST, Building & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nyden, MR (reprint author), NIST, Building & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 738 EP 748 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800064 ER PT B AU Holmes, GA McDonough, WG AF Holmes, GA McDonough, WG BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI E-glass/DGEBA/m-PDA model composites: Time dependent failure in a brittle multi-fiber composite SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE composite materials; failure analysis; fracture; viscoelasticity ID MATRIX ADHESION; INTERPHASE; STRENGTH AB The fiber-direction properties of a unidirectional laminate are generally considered to be fiber-dominated and the elastic modulus may be predicted by the Rule-of-Mixtures approach using the respective Young's modulus of the constituents. However, the failure behavior has been qualitatively shown to be dependent on the matrix. For example, Bader in 1968 noted that composites with brittle matrices and relatively weak fiber-matrix interfacial bonding failed in a brush-like manner, while composites with comparatively strong interfaces failed by propagation of a single crack across the section, with little or no longitudinal splitting. Although the tensile strength in a unidirectional composite is mainly influenced by the fiber strength and fiber volume fraction, Bader concluded that the matrix and fiber-matrix interface influences both the strength and failure mode. Research on 2-D multi-fiber model composites has shown that the nucleation of the critical flaw that induces brittle failure is dependent on the redistribution of stress around the fiber breaks through the viscoelastic matrix Hence, the nucleation process is time-dependent. In addition, the inter-fiber spacing has been shown to influence the mode of failure after fiber fracture. The implication of these observations; on failure initiation, propagation, and energy absorption in unidirectional fibrous composites will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Multiphase Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Multiphase Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 1690 EP 1702 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800150 ER PT S AU Drexler, ES Snogren, RC Snogren, MC Felten, JJ Green, PA AF Drexler, ES Snogren, RC Snogren, MC Felten, JJ Green, PA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Strain measurements in thermally loaded circuit boards containing embedded resistors SO 52ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Four specimens of embedded resistors were tested from room temperature to the processing temperature (177 degreesC) to compare deformations in the printed wiring board (PWB) by means of electron-beam moire. The specimens had different termination sizes and geometries; two with straight approaches to the termination came from one board, and three with indirect approaches came from a second board. In none of the specimens did deformation occur in the embedded resistor or at the interface between the resistor and the termination. However, significant deformation occurred within the PWB and the laser barrier of the specimens with the indirect approach to the termination. Strains as high as 6% were calculated in areas of that PWB. And in two specimen, the mismatch in thermal expansion between the resistor and the laser barrier was so great that a crack developed at that interface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7430-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2002 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2002.1008146 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU67U UT WOS:000176683800083 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V BE Callaos, N Zheng, B Kaderali, F TI Randomized routing as a regularized solution to the route cost minimization problem SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS: MOBILE/WIRELESS COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE randomized routing; minimum cost routing; uncertainty; regularization; games; Nash equilibrium ID NETWORKS AB Often a link-state routing takes a form of the cost based scheme which admits an arriving request on the minimum cost route if this cost does not exceed the cost of the request, and rejects the request otherwise. Cost based strategies naturally arise as a result of optimization of the network performance or incorporating Quality of Service (QOS) requirements into the admission and routing processes. In the former case the implied cost of the resources represents expected future revenue losses due to insufficient resources for servicing future requests. In the latter case the cost of a route represents the expected level of QOS, e.g., bandwidth, delay, packet loss, etc., provided to the request carried on this route. In both cases due to the aggregation, statistical nature of the resource costs, delays in disseminating signaling information, non-steady or adversarial operational environment the cost of the resources may not be known exactly. Usually this uncertainty is modeled by assuming that resource costs are random variables with fixed probability distributions. We propose to explicitly recognize that the minimum cost route selection as an ill-posed problem and to view randomized routing as a regularized solution to this problem. We consider a specific case of regularization intended to guard against adversarial uncertainty, i.e., worst case scenario, with respect to the resource costs lying within known "confidence" intervals. Assuming that the network minimizes and the adversarial environment maximizes the losses resulted from non-optimal admission and routing decisions due to the uncertainty, we identify the optimal admission and routing decisions with the Nash equilibrium strategy in the corresponding game. We explicitly identify this strategy in a case of parallel, homogeneous structure. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV42D UT WOS:000178906700047 ER PT J AU Phan, LT Carino, NJ AF Phan, LT Carino, NJ TI Effects of test conditions and mixture proportions on behavior of high-strength concrete exposed to high temperatures SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE compressive strength; high-strength concrete; modulus of elasticity; silica fume; spalling; temperature AB Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete exposed to elevated temperatures were measured by heating 100 x 200 nun cylinders at 5 C/min to temperatures of up to 600 C Heating was carried out with and without a sustained stress, and properties were measured at elevated temperatures as well as after cooling to room temperature. Four mixtures with water-cementitious materials ratios (w/cms) ranging from 0.22 to 0.57 and room-temperature strengths ranging from 51 to 98 MPa were used. Two of the mixtures contained silica fume. Measured compressive strengths and elastic moduli were normalized with respect to room temperature values, and analysis of variance was used to determine whether the test condition, the value of w/cm, or the presence of silica fume affected the results. The influence of these variables on the tendency for explosive spalling was also examined. Results indicate that losses in relative strength due to high-temperature exposure were affected by the test condition and w/cm, but there were significant interactions among the main factors that resulted in complex behaviors. The presence of silica fume does not appear to have a significant effect. Measurements of temperature histories in the cylinders revealed complex behaviors that are believed to be linked to heat-induced transformations and transport of free and chemically combined water. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Phan, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 25 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 521KJ UT WOS:000173838900008 ER PT J AU Toledano, JC Berry, RS Brown, PJ Glazer, AM Metselaar, R Pandey, D Perez-Mato, JM Roth, RS Abrahams, SC AF Toledano, JC Berry, RS Brown, PJ Glazer, AM Metselaar, R Pandey, D Perez-Mato, JM Roth, RS Abrahams, SC TI Nomenclature of magnetic, incommensurate, composition-changed morphotropic, polytype, transient-structural and quasicrystalline phases undergoing phase transitions. II. Report of an IUCr Working Group on Phase Transition Nomenclature (vol A57, pg 614, 2001) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Correction C1 Ecole Polytech, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Ecole Polytech, Dept Phys, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Solid State & Mat Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Banaras Hindu Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Technol, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC 20234 USA. So Oregon State Coll, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Toledano, JC (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 58 BP 79 EP 79 DI 10.1107/S0108767301016713 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 505QJ UT WOS:000172926800015 ER PT S AU Matyi, RJ Volz, HM AF Matyi, RJ Volz, HM BE Moss, SC TI Analysis of radiation damage in lysozyme crystals with high resolution triple axis X-ray diffraction SO ADVANCED BIOMATERIALS-CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND COMPLEXITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Physical Characterization of Biological Materials and Systems/Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering/BioInspired Materials-Moving Toward Complexity CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PROTEIN CRYSTALS; PERFECTION; TOPOGRAPHY; DISORDER AB High resolution triple axis X-ray diffraction has been used to monitor the effects of X-ray radiation damage in hen egg white lysozyme crystals. At long irradiation the expected decrease in peak intensity and increase in the angular extent of the peak breadth was seen. In contrast, both the intensities and peak breadths exhibited more complex behavior during the initial stages of irradiation. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matyi, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-647-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 711 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU92B UT WOS:000177402200003 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Mulholland, GW Kim, JH Ehrman, SH AF Germer, TA Mulholland, GW Kim, JH Ehrman, SH BE Duparre, A Singh, B TI Measurement of the 100 nm NIST SRM (R) 1963 by laser surface light scattering SO ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICAL, SEMICONDUCTOR, AND DATA STORAGE COMPONENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Characterization Techniques for Optical, Semiconductor, and Data Storage Components CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE calibration; inspection; particles; PSL; scattering; size; spheres ID PARTICLE; FEATURES; SILICON AB Accurate sizing of particles deposited on surfaces is important for the semiconductor, optical, and data storage industries. The recent availability of accurate light scattering models for non-ideal conditions enables the determination of particle size with a complete assessment of the measurement uncertainties. In this manuscript, we describe a light scattering measurement of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM(R)) 1963 deposited onto a silicon wafer. The measurement was carried out using 441.6 nm, p-polarized light. The measurement yielded a value of 99.7 nm with an expanded uncertainty (95% confidence limit) of 1.7 nm. The uncertainty is dominated by the reproducibility of the measurement. Uncertainties in the substrate optical properties, the thickness and optical properties of the substrate oxide, and the shape of the particle dominate the systematic uncertainty. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4546-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4779 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.451747 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV73S UT WOS:000179916600007 ER PT J AU Lu, CG Schultz, P Browning, GL AF Lu, CG Schultz, P Browning, GL TI Scaling the microphysics equations and analyzing the variability of hydrometeor production rates in a controlled parameter space SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud microphysical parameterization; scale analysis; controlled parameter space; numerical weather prediction ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MOISTURE BUDGETS; CLOUD MODEL; MESOSCALE; PRECIPITATION; CUMULUS; HEAT AB A set of microphysics equations is scaled based on the convective length and velocity scales. Comparisons are made among the dynamical transport and various microphysical processes. From the scaling analysis, it becomes apparent which parameterized microphysical processes present off-scaled influences in the integration of the set of microphysics equations. The variabilities of the parameterized microphysical processes are also studied using the approach of a controlled parameter space. Given macroscopic dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in different regions of convective storms, it is possible to analyze and compare vertical profiles of these processes. Bulk diabatic heating profiles for a cumulus convective updraft and downdraft are also derived from this analysis. From the two different angles, the scale analysis and the controlled-parameter space approach can both provide an insight into and an understanding of microphysics parameterizations. C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 619 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s00376-002-0004-1 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 577RQ UT WOS:000177075900004 ER PT J AU Black, PE Kuhn, DR Williams, CJ AF Black, PE Kuhn, DR Williams, CJ TI Quantum computing and communication SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS, VOL 56 SE ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2458 J9 ADV COMPUT PY 2002 VL 56 BP 189 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0065-2458(02)80007-9 PG 56 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV15J UT WOS:000178007200005 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R O'Gallagher, A Gary, J AF Radebaugh, R O'Gallagher, A Gary, J BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Regenerator behavior at 4 K: Effect of volume and porosity SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB The low heat capacity of regenerator materials near 4 K and the real gas properties of helium at this temperature give rise to anomalous temperature profiles and behavior not seen at higher temperatures. This paper describes the behavior of regenerators calculated from the NIST computer code REGEN3.2 when the cold end is at 4 K. The results show that the regenerator loss is independent of the regenerator volume over a wide range and does not increase until the volume is decreased below some critical value, at which point the loss increases very rapidly. The transition occurs when the gas displacement amplitude at the warm end approaches the length of the regenerator. The model shows that reducing the porosity leads to a decreased regenerator loss at the plateau. The paper also describes the effect of the temperature at the warm end and the matrix heat capacity on the regenerator loss. The calculated temperature profiles agree with experimental measurements on regenerators in 4 K Gifford-McMahon refrigerators. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700119 ER PT S AU Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Clickner, CC Feenstra, R Goyal, A Paranthaman, M Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Christen, DK AF Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Clickner, CC Feenstra, R Goyal, A Paranthaman, M Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Christen, DK BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Transverse compressive stress, fatigue, and magnetic substrate effects on the critical current density of Y-Ba-Cu-O coated RABiTS tapes SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID YBA2CU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTORS; FIELD AB The electromechanical properties of (0.3 mum thick) yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO) coatings on buffered pure-nickel rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured substrates (RABiTS) were measured at 76 K and self magnetic field. YBCO coatings on buffered substrates both 50 mum and 125 mum thick were tested. Significant degradation of transport critical-current density (J(c)) can occur from transverse compressive stress unless the in-plane yielding of the substrate is prevented by providing frictional support to the sample or by using substrate materials of high yield-strength. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure of the samples after electromechanical testing. Isolated defective regions were found with a mixed pattern of cracks, both longitudinal and transverse to the direction of electrical-current flow. The more the degradation of J(c) from electromechanical testing, the greater the density of the observed cracked regions. Also, it was found that the use of magnetic substrates in the fabrication of the YBCO coated-conductor tapes produces a significant reduction in J(c) when the tapes are arranged in a stack of two or more layers. This effect is reversible upon unstacking the tapes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600056 ER PT S AU Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC AF Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI Variable mutual inductance in critical-current measurements SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID NB3SN AB We have investigated the mutual inductance observed on pairs of voltage taps that are soldered to superconducting wires in order to measure their voltage-current, V-I, characteristics and determine their critical current. Measurements on a Nb-Ti superconductor are reported that are consistent with measurements on other Nb-Ti and Nb3Sn wires. The mutual inductance varies systematically with current, sweep direction, magnetic field, and whether the specimen was quenched in the previous measurement. Under certain conditions, the mutual inductance is independent of current ramp rate. The decay time of the inductive voltage signal, after ending the current ramp, is longer for the first current sweep after the specimen was quenched. This longer decay time can cause voltage errors even in a ramp-and-hold method for acquiring the V-I characteristic. The proposed mechanism for variable mutual inductance is magnetic hysteresis and a variable rate of flux entry due to shielding currents that change with transport current. Variable mutual inductance becomes a concern in superconductor characterization when currents or current ramp rates are high or when low voltage curves need to be extrapolated for measurements on marginally stable conductors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 1142 EP 1149 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600141 ER PT S AU Boudouridis, A Spence, HE Onsager, TG AF Boudouridis, A Spence, HE Onsager, TG BE Spence, H TI A new look at the pulsed reconnection model of the dayside magnetopause SO ADVANCES IN GLOBAL MAGNETOSPHERIC STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND REGION COUPLING, PROCEEDINGS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 3 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Amer Phys Soc, European Geophys Soc, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Comm Space Res ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TRANSFER; TRANSFER EVENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CUSP AB Electron and ion precipitation data from two co-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft (F6 and F8) are used to investigate the model of pulsed magnetopause reconnection. We suggest that the two energy dispersions observed can be explained by two separate injections resulting from two bursts of magnetopause reconnection. However, an observed overlap between the two ion dispersions cannot be explained with the conventional model of bursty magnetopause reconnection. We propose a generalization of the pulsed reconnection model that involves elements of both the bursty single x-line and multiple x-line reconnection models. In the framework of this unified model, the observed electron features can be explained in terms of the "fossil" flux transfer event picture. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Boudouridis, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2295 EP 2300 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00701-9 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80250-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW04U UT WOS:000180725700021 ER PT S AU Mildner, DFR Chen-Mayer, HH Gibson, WM Schultz, AJ AF Mildner, DFR Chen-Mayer, HH Gibson, WM Schultz, AJ BE Anderson, IS Guerard, B TI A monolithic polycapillary focusing optic for polychromatic neutron diffraction applications SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON SCATTERING INSTRUMENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Neutron Scattering Instrumentation CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE neutron focusing; polychromatic neutron diffraction; tapered monolithic optic; single crystal diffraction ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION AB The relatively low flux from neutron sources means that structural analysis using neutron diffraction requires large crystals that are often not available. We are exploring the possibilities of a polycapillary focusing optic to produce a small intense beam spot of size < approximate to 0.5 mm for small crystals. We have conducted measurements at five different thermal neutron wavelengths to determine the transmission characteristics of a tapered monolithic focusing lens with a focal length of 100 mm, suitable for time-of-flight diffraction. Both the width of the focused beam and the intensity gain of the optic increase as a function of wavelength. We have performed similar measurements on a polychromatic beam on a pulsed neutron source, where the results are subject to background from short-wavelength neutrons. The use of a beryllium filter shows the increased effective gain for the longer wavelengths at the expense of an increased focused beam width by a factor of two. In a diffraction measurement from an alpha quartz crystal using a 2.1degrees convergent beam from a pulsed neutron source, we observed six diffraction peaks in the 1.5 Angstrom to 4 Angstrom wavelength bandwidth transmitted by the optic. These diffraction spots show an intensity gain of 5.8 +/- 0.9 compared to a direct beam diffracting from the same sample volume as that illuminated by the convergent beam. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4552-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4785 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.452286 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV78C UT WOS:000179996400005 ER PT S AU Lin, EK Soles, CL Goldfarb, DL Trinque, BC Burns, SD Jones, RL Lenhart, JL Angelopoulos, M Willson, CG Satija, SK Wu, WL AF Lin, EK Soles, CL Goldfarb, DL Trinque, BC Burns, SD Jones, RL Lenhart, JL Angelopoulos, M Willson, CG Satija, SK Wu, WL BE Fedynyshyn, TH TI Measurement of the spatial evolution of the deprotection reaction front with nanometer resolution using neutron reflectometry SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XIX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing CY MAR 04-06, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESIST; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DEEP-ULTRAVIOLET RESISTS; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; ACID DIFFUSION; PHOTORESIST; SIMULATIONS; FILMS AB The use of chemically amplified photoresists for the fabrication of sub-100 nm features will require spatial control with nanometer level resolution. To reach this goal, a detailed understanding of the complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms at these length scales is needed and will require high spatial resolution measurements. In particular, few experimental methods can directly measure the spatial evolution of the deprotection reaction front and correlate it with the developed structure. In this work, we demonstrate the complementary use of neutron (NR) and x-ray (XR) reflectometry to measure the reaction front profile with nanometer resolution. Using a bilayer geometry with a lower deuterium-substituted poly(tert-butoxycarboxystyrene) (d-PBOCSt) layer and an upper poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHOSt) layer loaded with a photoacid generator (PAG), we directly measure the spatial evolution of the reaction front. We show that the reaction front profile is broader than the initial interface after a post-exposure bake and the compositional profile changes upon development in an aqueous base solution. We also directly correlate the final developed structure with the reaction front profile. The spatial detail enabled by this general methodology can be used to differentiate between and evaluate quantitatively reaction-diffusion models. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, EK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4436-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4690 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.474229 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BV17J UT WOS:000178056500036 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Soles, CL Starr, FW Lin, EK Lenhart, JL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Jones, RL Soles, CL Starr, FW Lin, EK Lenhart, JL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M BE Fedynyshyn, TH TI Chain conformation in ultrathin polymer films SO ADVANCES IN RESIST TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING XIX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing CY MAR 04-06, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; THIN-FILMS; MOBILITY; SURFACE; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SCATTERING; THICKNESS; MOLECULES; MELTS AB Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), we present the first quantitative measurements of the 3-dimensional conformation of macromolecules in thin polymer films of D < R-G,R-Bulk, where D is the film thickness and R-G,R-Bulk, is the bulk radius of gyration. For D approximate to 0.5 R-G,R-Bulk, the molecular size along the film normal is less than 0.5 R-G,R-Bulk, while relatively small changes are observed parallel to the surface. The observed changes in molecular size agree with predictions of molecular dynamics simulations of polymers confirmed in thin films, resulting from increased molecular orientation rather than chain distortion. Segregation of molecular centers of mass to the film center facilitates molecular packing while minimizing chain distortion. Estimates of length scales relating to the onset of chain distortion and chain orientation in thin film resists are D approximate to 0.1R(G,Bulk) and D approximate to Nsigma respectively, where D is the film thickness, N is the number of chain segments, and a is the persistence length. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, 100 Bur Dr MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4436-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4690 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1117/12.474232 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BV17J UT WOS:000178056500039 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP AF Eppeldauer, GP BE Chung, R Rodrigues, A TI A reference tristimulus colorimeter SO AIC: 9TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COLOUR ASSOCIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Congress of the International-Colour-Association (AIC) CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP Eastman Kodak Co, RIT, Sun Chem, Xerox Corp, Adobe Syst, BYK Gardner, Canon R&D Ctr America Inc, DataColor Int, DuPont Performance Coatings, Flex Prod Inc ChromaFlair Pigments, Gemol Inst Amer, Hewlett Packard Co, Illuminating Engn Soc, Imation Corp, John Wiley & Sons, Minolta Corp, Instrument Syst Div, Pantone Inc, Soc Engineers, Color & Appearance Div, Tech Assoc Graph Arts, Giordano Beretta, Golorart, Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Detroit Color Council, Graph Arts Tech Fdn DE color measurement; tristimulus colorimeters; spectral response; chromaticity coordinates; calibration ID CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; SCALE AB A reference tristimulus colorimeter has been developed at NIST with a transmission-type silicon trap detector (1) and four temperature-control led filter packages to realize the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) (x) over bar(lambda),(y) over bar(lambda), and (z) over bar(lambda) and color matching functions (2). Instead of lamp standards, high accuracy detector standards are used for the colorimeter calibration. A detector-based calibration procedure is being suggested for tristimulus colorimeters where the absolute spectral responsivity of the tristimulus channels is determined. Then, color (spectral) correction and peak (amplitude) normalization are applied to minimize uncertainties caused by the imperfect realizations of the CIE functions. As a result of the corrections, the chromaticity coordinates of stable light sources with different spectral power distributions can be measured with uncertainties less than 0.0005 (k=1). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4128-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4421 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1117/12.464724 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96J UT WOS:000177509400182 ER PT S AU Nadal, ME Germer, TA AF Nadal, ME Germer, TA BE Chung, R Rodrigues, A TI Colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings SO AIC: 9TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COLOUR ASSOCIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Congress of the International-Colour-Association (AIC) CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP Eastman Kodak Co, RIT, Sun Chem, Xerox Corp, Adobe Syst, BYK Gardner, Canon R&D Ctr America Inc, DataColor Int, DuPont Performance Coatings, Flex Prod Inc ChromaFlair Pigments, Gemol Inst Amer, Hewlett Packard Co, Illuminating Engn Soc, Imation Corp, John Wiley & Sons, Minolta Corp, Instrument Syst Div, Pantone Inc, Soc Engineers, Color & Appearance Div, Tech Assoc Graph Arts, Giordano Beretta, Golorart, Council Opt Radiat Measurements, Detroit Color Council, Graph Arts Tech Fdn DE color; gonioapparent coatings; pearlescent coatings; reflectance colorimetry AB This paper describes recent developments at the National Institution of Standards and Technology in the colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings. The goal of this research is to develop a measurement protocol for the accurate color characterization of these coatings using an understanding of their scattering mechanism as a guide. The bidirectional reflectance of a series of samples has been measured for the visible region at incident angle of 15degrees, 25degrees 45degrees, 65degrees, and 75degrees and viewing angles of +/-80degrees at 5degrees steps. This large ensemble of measurements show general trends in the color variations with incident and viewing angles that are being used to define a preliminary subset of measuring geometries that will provide sufficient information to characterize the angle dependent color travel in pearlescent coatings. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4128-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4421 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1117/12.464577 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96J UT WOS:000177509400184 ER PT B AU Cohen, M Laurin, R Mathewson, L McDonald, JF Meyer-Wefering, D AF Cohen, M Laurin, R Mathewson, L McDonald, JF Meyer-Wefering, D BE Sportisse, B TI HYSPLIT model estimates of atmospheric deposition of toxic contaminants to the great lakes (An overview) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELLING AND SIMULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation (APMS 2001) CY APR 09-12, 2001 CL CHAMPS SUR MARNE, FRANCE SP ADEME, EDF, Minist Amenagement Territoire & Environm, Aria Technol, INRETS, Meteo France, Minist Equipement, Transports & Logement AB In 1987, through the addition of an Annex dedicated to Airborne Toxic Substances (Annex 15) to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1972, the governments of the United States and Canada recognized atmospheric deposition as a significant pathway of persistent toxic substances to the Great Lakes, some of the largest bodies of fresh water in the world. One of the requirements in that annex was the identification of specific sources contributing significantly to the deposition of such substances. Over the past five years, working on behalf of the International Joint Commission (IJC), the International Air Quality Advisory Board has demonstrated the adaptation of a model to link significant contaminant sources to deposition in the Great Lakes. Application of a substantially modified PC based version of the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model, developed at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, has allowed a cost-effective determination of the extent of annual deposition of selected toxic substances to the Great Lakes from US and Canadian sources and source regions. In its application to specific pollutants, the model simulates the impact of vapour/particle partitioning, wet and dry deposition, hydroxyl radical decay and photolysis processes on the concentration of the transported contaminant. Gridded meteorological data computed externally by the NOAA Nested Grid Model are used to simulate the fate and transport of unit emissions. Actual emission values for particular contaminants, drawn from commissioned binational emissions inventories, are then substituted into the unit transfer model results to estimate the fraction of emissions from significant point and areal sources which would be deposited in individual Great Lakes. Outputs for dioxin and the herbicide, atrazine, will be described, quantifying the portion of emissions of these substances from point and county areal sources throughout the greater part of the United States and Canada which would be deposited annually in the Great Lakes. The significance of the geographical distribution of sources and the processes associated with them are both examined. Preliminary considerations of some aspects of modelling mercury are presented. The IJC views this technology and its related databases as a useful tool in the development of a strategy for identification and further control of significant sources of these persistent pollutants. Illustrations can be viewed in color at the International Joint Commission website at: www.ijc.org/boards/iaqab/pr9799/index.html. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cohen, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015 OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42515-2 PY 2002 BP 30 EP 41 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Toxicology GA BU36S UT WOS:000175781300004 ER PT B AU Stoudt, MR AF Stoudt, MR BE Das, SK Skillingberg, MH TI The influence of surface roughness on the deforming friction behavior of Al-Mg alloys SO ALUMINUM 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting on Automotive Alloys and Aluminum Sheet and Plate Rolling and Finishing Technology CY FEB 18-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Aluminum Assoc Inc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Aluminum Comm Light Met Div ID SHEET; CONTACT AB The inhomogeneous morphology of the surface asperities generated during metal forming causes strain localization resulting in tearing during metal forming, and increasing friction between mating die surfaces. Much of the data in the literature do not account for the influences of variations in metallurgical conditions on the friction behavior. A prototype apparatus has been developed to simulate the friction behavior in the region of a drawbead and thereby enable assessment of the influences of metallurgical variables and changes in the microstructural conditions that occur under deforming loads. The results of this study demonstrate that measurement system is capable of distinguishing changes in the coefficients of static and sliding friction in the test data, and that the wear scars are suitable for detailed microstructural analyses. Thus, the design generally meets the necessary criteria for the experimental technique and it is appropriate for further development. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-526-3 PY 2002 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU95G UT WOS:000177473700003 ER PT B AU Banovic, SW Foecke, T AF Banovic, SW Foecke, T BE Das, SK Skillingberg, MH TI Development of strain induced surface topography of 6XXX series aluminum sheet under balanced biaxial tension SO ALUMINUM 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting on Automotive Alloys and Aluminum Sheet and Plate Rolling and Finishing Technology CY FEB 18-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Aluminum Assoc Inc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Aluminum Comm Light Met Div ID METAL AB With gas mileage goals set down in the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles as a driving force, the investigation into reducing overall vehicle weight by replacing conventional steel sheet metal with lightweight materials has been initiated. However, implementation of these lightweight alloys, specifically those that are Al-base, has been slow due to both a limited knowledge of material behavior and a lack of experience in the sheet forming process. By obtaining a better understanding of the material characteristics (e.g., surface roughening, friction, biaxial strain limits, and springback) during biaxial stretching, these materials can be more readily utilized for complex stamped components. Along these lines, the free surface roughening of aluminum alloys in the 6XXX series was studied as a function of balanced biaxial straining using the modified Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Through the use of x-ray diffraction techniques, the change in crystallographic texture of the sheet was determined as a function of the strain level. Modification of the surface topography was monitored through electron microscopy and surface roughness measurements. From these results, relationships between the as-received microstructure, true in-plane strain level, and free surface roughening were developed. RP Banovic, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div Technol Adm, Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-526-3 PY 2002 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU95G UT WOS:000177473700009 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Levin, DA AF Levin, PS Levin, DA TI The real biodiversty crisis SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; RATES C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1511/2002.13.3270 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 501GW UT WOS:000172677800010 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW AF Phinney, KW TI Chiral separations SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRUG ENANTIOMERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENANTIOSEPARATIONS C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 22 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1152-3 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560VV UT WOS:000176102800010 PM 11939198 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Sander, LC AF Phinney, KW Sander, LC TI Preliminary evaluation of a standard reference material for chiral stationary phases used in liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chiral stationary phase; enantiomers; standard reference material ID MOBILE-PHASE; SEPARATIONS; COLUMNS; TEMPERATURE; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB The applicability of a new Standard Reference Material (SRM) for the evaluation of chiral stationary phase (CSP) performance was demonstrated by utilizing the SRM to characterize the chromatographic behavior of eight commercially available CSPs in liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography. The SRM consists of five ethanolic solutions, each containing one chiral compound. These test mixtures can be used to assess changes in column performance over time and to evaluate lot-to-lot variability in column manufacturing. The SRM was also used to probe the effect of various parameters on column performance. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1198-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560VV UT WOS:000176102800027 PM 11939176 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Ross, D Locascio, LE AF Johnson, TJ Ross, D Locascio, LE TI Rapid microfluidic mixing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; DEVICES; FLOW; MICROCHIP; MICROMIXERS; SYSTEMS AB A preformed T-microchannel imprinted in polycarbonate was postmodified with a pulsed UV excimer laser (KrF, 248 nm) to create a series of slanted wells at the junction. The presence of the wells leads to a high degree of lateral transport within the channel and rapid mixing of two confluent streams undergoing electroosmotic flow. Several mixer designs were fabricated and investigated. All designs were relatively successful at low flow rates (0.06 cm/s, greater than or equal to 75% mixing), but had varying degrees of success at high flow rates (0.81 cm/s, 45-80% mixing). For example, one design operating at high flow rates was able to split an incoming fluorescent stream into two streams of varying concentrations depending on the number of slanted wells present. The final mixer design was able to overcome stream splitting at high flow rates, and it was shown that the two incoming streams were 80% mixed, within 443 mum of the T-junction for a flow rate of 0.81 cm/s. Without the presence of the mixer and at the same high flow rate, a channel length of 2.3 cm would be required to achieve the same extent of mixing when relying upon molecular diffusion entirely, while 6.9 cm would be required for 99% mixing. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 362 Z9 373 U1 12 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1021/ac010895d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 508KA UT WOS:000173086200013 PM 11795815 ER PT S AU Wang, XJ Key, JR AF Wang, XJ Key, JR BE Winther, JG Solberg, R TI Aggregate-area radiative flux biases SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 34, 2002 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Remote Sensing in Glaciology CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MARYLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, NASA, US Natl Sci Fdn HO UNIV MARYLAND ID SURFACE; CLOUD AB Most climate models treat surface and atmospheric properties as being horizontally homogeneous and compute surface radiative fluxes with average gridcell properties. In this study it is found that large biases can occur if sub-gridcell variability is ignored, where bias is defined as the difference between the average of fluxes computed at high resolution within a model cell and the flux computed with the average surface and cloud properties within the cell. Data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer for the year-long Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment are used to determine biases in aggregate-area fluxes. A simple regression approach to correct for biases that result from horizontal variability was found to reduce the average radiative flux bias to near zero. The correction can be easily implemented in numerical models. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-29-6 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 34 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.3189/172756402781817455 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU99C UT WOS:000177565100016 ER PT S AU Miller, JE Kahl, JDW Heller, F Harris, JM AF Miller, JE Kahl, JDW Heller, F Harris, JM BE Wolff, EW TI A three-dimensional residence-time analysis of potential summertime atmospheric transport to Summit, Greenland SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 35 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice Cores and Climate CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND ID ICE-SHEET; SOURCE REGIONS; TRAJECTORIES; SNOW; VARIABILITY AB The interannual variations in atmospheric transport patterns to Summit, Greenland, are studied using twice-daily, three-dimensional, 10 day backward trajectory data corresponding to the summers (I June-31 August) of 1989-98. While previous trajectory climatology studies have been prepared for Summit, the present work considers both the horizontal and vertical components of transport. A three-dimensional residence-time methodology is employed to account for both horizontal and vertical components of transport. The vertical transport component is quantified by passing all trajectories through a three-dimensional grid and tracking the time spent (i.e. the residence nine) in each gridcell. This method also allows inspection of trajectory altitude distributions corresponding to transport from upwind regions of interest. The three-dimensional residence-time methodology is shown to be a valuable tool for diagnosing the details of long-range atmospheric transport to remote locations. For Summit, we find that the frequent transport from North America tends to Occur at low altitudes, whereas transport from Europe is highly variable. Mean summertime flow patterns are described, as are anomalous patterns during 1990,1996 and 1998. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-30-X J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 35 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.3189/172756402781816663 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BW44W UT WOS:000182023600065 ER PT J AU Ruckelshaus, MH Levin, P Johnson, JB Kareiva, PM AF Ruckelshaus, MH Levin, P Johnson, JB Kareiva, PM TI The Pacific salmon wars: What science brings to the challenge of recovering species SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE recovery planning; scenarios; conservation units; Endangered Species Act; science/policy interface ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Politicians, scientists, government agencies, and the public are all engaged in recovery planning for Pacific salmon. In order for science to fulfill its potential in the arena of salmon recovery planning, several shortcomings of the science and its application to decision-making must be rectified. The definition of conservation units using genetic and phylogenetic inference needs to be sharpened. Ecological analyses must get beyond casting blame for past declines in salmon numbers and examine mixed strategies of management that consider interactions between hatcheries, harvest, hydropower, and habitat factors as well as background natural stresses and invasive species. Glib acceptance of expert opinion and extrapolated or inferred data should be tempered. To deal with uncertainty, recovery teams should engage in scenario analyses in which a wide variety of assumptions are played out. Finally, there is a pressing need for analyses aimed at determining what circumstances and communication strategies give science an effective voice in decision-making. C1 NMFS NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Ruckelshaus, MH (reprint author), NMFS NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. NR 196 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 59 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4162 J9 ANNU REV ECOL SYST JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. PY 2002 VL 33 BP 665 EP 706 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolysis.33.010802.150504 PG 42 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 628QE UT WOS:000180007000023 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA Beckermann, C Karma, A AF Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA Beckermann, C Karma, A TI Phase-field simulation of solidification SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE solid-liquid phase change; diffuse interface; microstructure; diffusion; convection ID ANISOTROPIC GROWTH-RATES; DENDRITIC GROWTH; ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION; BINARY ALLOY; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; FORCED FLOW; SOLUTE REDISTRIBUTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SHEAR-FLOW; MODEL AB An overview of the phase-field method for modeling solidification is presented, together with several example results. Using a phase-field variable and a corresponding governing equation to describe the state (solid or liquid) in a material as a function of position and time, the diffusion equations for heat and solute can be solved without tracking the liquid-solid interface. The interfacial regions between liquid and solid involve smooth but highly localized variations of the phase-field variable. The method has been applied to a wide variety of problems including dendritic growth in pure materials; dendritic, eutectic, and peritectic growth in alloys; and solute trapping during rapid solidification. C1 NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Complex Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Beckermann, Christoph/F-7158-2010 OI Beckermann, Christoph/0000-0002-9976-0995 NR 57 TC 667 Z9 684 U1 18 U2 222 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2002 VL 32 BP 163 EP 194 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.101901.155803 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590MX UT WOS:000177827600008 ER PT B AU Golmie, N AF Golmie, N BE Afifi, H Zeghlache, D TI Interference in the 2.4 GHz ISM band: challenges and solutions SO APPLICATIONS & SERVICES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS SE INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY SERIES: INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks CY JUL 25-27, 2001 CL EVRY, FRANCE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERMES PENTON SCIENCE PI LONDON PA 120 PENTONVILLE RD, LONDON N1 9JN, ENGLAND BN 1-9039-9630-9 J9 INN TEC SER PY 2002 BP 162 EP 174 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX79K UT WOS:000186471300017 ER PT J AU Romanyukha, AA Desrosiers, M Sleptchonok, O Land, C Luckyanov, N Gusev, BI AF Romanyukha, AA Desrosiers, M Sleptchonok, O Land, C Luckyanov, N Gusev, BI TI EPR dose reconstruction of two Kazakh villages near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TOOTH ENAMEL; SPIN-RESONANCE; DOSIMETRY; ESR AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dose reconstruction has been performed on archived tooth samples from residents of two villages near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakstan. The context of this work is a large multidisciplinary study of thyroid disease prevalence and radiation dose among long-term residents of villages near that nuclear test site, in which EPR is used for biodosimetric validation of the gamma-ray component of dose reconstruction algorithms applied to the data for various villages whose residents were exposed to radioactive fallout during 1949-1962, the period of above-ground atomic bomb testing. The tooth samples, nine from the village of Kainar and 23 from the village of Znamenka, were extracted in 1964 and 1967, respectively, and stored indoors in closed boxes in Semipalatinsk. According to provided information, some time in the past, the teeth from Kainar were heated to 80degreesC for one day. Experiments carried out on 12 teeth from US sources to determine the effects of long-term storage and heat treatment found that EPR assay findings were not compromised for storage times less than 35 years and annealing at temperatures below 200degreesC. For tooth enamel samples prepared from molars and premolars the average reconstructed gamma dose was 390 +/- 70 mGy for Kainar residents and 95 +/- 40 mGy for Znamenka residents. C1 Kazakh Sci Res Inst Radiat Med & Ecol, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Romanyukha, AA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bldg 53,Room 123,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1007/BF03166116 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 567ZE UT WOS:000176517300003 ER PT J AU Torres, CR Ochoa, J Castillo, J Van Woert, M AF Torres, CR Ochoa, J Castillo, J Van Woert, M TI Initial flow field of stratified flow past an impulsively started sphere SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd PanAmerican Workshop on Applied and Computational Mathematics CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL UNIV NACL TRUJILLO, TRUJILLO, PERU HO UNIV NACL TRUJILLO DE impulsive start; stratified fluid ID FLUID AB Numerical simulations of a linearly stratified diffusive flow past an impulsively started sphere are described. The impulsive start is perpendicular to isopycnal surfaces. The equations are transformed to generalized coordinates and then approximated by a finite difference scheme over a suitable grid which resolves both the diffusive and viscous boundary-layers. The results are compared with experimental evidence. (C) 2002 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Torres, CR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. OI /0000-0001-6121-3972 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(01)00078-2 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 510LM UT WOS:000173209600020 ER PT J AU Coursey, BM McLaughlin, WL AF Coursey, BM McLaughlin, WL TI Wilfrid Basil Mann - Obituary SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coursey, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00157-9 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600001 ER PT J AU Coursey, BM Karam, LR Janszen, H Woods, MJ AF Coursey, BM Karam, LR Janszen, H Woods, MJ TI Proceedings of the Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications, ICRM'2001 - Preface SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Phys Lab, Ctr Ionizing Radiat Metrol, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Natl Metrol Lab, CSIR NML, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CR Casaccia, Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, I-00100 Rome, Italy. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. BNM, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91193 Gif Sur Yvette, France. AEA Technol, Environm & Proc Engn, Harwell OX11 0RA, Berks, England. RP Coursey, BM (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Ctr Ionizing Radiat Metrol, Queen Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00158-0 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600002 ER PT J AU Coursey, BM Colle, R Coursey, JS AF Coursey, BM Colle, R Coursey, JS TI Standards of radium-226: from Marie Curie to the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT AB In the early part of the 20th century, the pioneers of radioactivity research, led by Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford and Stefan Meyer, Formed a Commission internationale des etalons de radium. The Commission made arrangements for the preparation and intercomparisons of the international standards of radium, which were identified as the Paris standard and the Vienna standard. Otto Honigschmid from Vienna prepared a first set of international secondary standards in 1912 and a second set in 1934. In both instances, these secondary standards were compared by gamma-ray measurements with the Paris and Vienna standards. The usage of these international standards of radium in the 20th century is described. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coursey, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00159-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600003 PM 11839059 ER PT J AU Lin, ZC Berne, A Cummings, B Filliben, JJ Inn, KGW AF Lin, ZC Berne, A Cummings, B Filliben, JJ Inn, KGW TI Competence of alpha spectrometry analysis algorithms used to resolve the Am-241 and Am-243 alpha peak overlap SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE alpha spectrometry; americium; peak fitting; peak overlap ID PARTICLE SPECTROMETRY AB Five alpha spectrometry analysis algorithms were evaluated for their ability to resolve the Am-241 and Am-243 peak overlap present under typical low-level counting conditions. The major factors affecting the performance of the algorithms were identified using design-of-experiment combined with statistical analysis of the results. The study showed that the accuracy of the Am-241/Am-243 ratios calculated by the algorithms depends greatly on the degree of peak deformation and tailing. Despite the improved data quality obtained using an algorithm that may include peak addition and tail estimation, the accurate determination of Am-241 by alpha spectrometry relies primarily on reduction of peak overlap rather than on algorithm selection. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84620 USA. RP Lin, ZC (reprint author), NIST, C114,Bldg 245,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00167-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600011 PM 11842809 ER PT J AU Unterweger, MP AF Unterweger, MP TI Half-life measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT AB For nearly half a century, the half-lives of many radionuclides have been measured with increasing precision. The results of these measurements for many long-lived radionuclides, such as Co-60, Cs-137, Kr-85, Ba-133, Bi-207, Eu-152, Eu-154, and Eu-155, have been updated recently by the Radioactivity Group of NIST. These long-lived radionuclides are used extensively to calibrate: various nuclear counting and monitoring systems. The long-term precision of these calibrations can be greatly affected by the uncertainties in the calibrant half-lives. Results for the half-lives of many radionuclides measured over the last four decades are tabulated. In addition, values of the half-lives of several short-lived radionuclides used in nuclear medicine are addressed, which are critical in determining the correct dosage given in patient treatment, are addressed. Comparisons with the recommended values from the International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Program and the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File from Brookhaven National Laboratory are presented and any apparent disagreements noted. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unterweger, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, C114 Radiat Phys Bldg,100 Bur Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00177-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600021 PM 11839004 ER PT J AU Colle, R Zimmerman, BE AF Colle, R Zimmerman, BE TI A dual-compensated cryogenic microcalorimeter for radioactivity standardizations SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE brachytherapy; calorimetry; cryogenics; instrument; measurement; metrology; microcalorimetry; radioactivity; standards ID INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; NEUTRON-FLUX; ASSAY; CALORIMETER AB Efforts are underway by our laboratory to develop a microcalorimeter that can be routinely used for radioactivity standardizations of nuclides that decay by pure beta-emission or by low-Z electron capture. The prototype calorimeter consists of a cryostat with two temperature-controlled stages and a base stage that are operated at nominal temperatures of 8 K. A unique aspect of the calorimeter's design is the ability to repeatedly engage and disengage the radioactive source from the second stage heat path using a magnetically activated elevator. The measurement of the total power from a radioactive sample is obtained from the difference in the second stage power with and without the source in place. As a result of extensive performance evaluations using Sr-90-Y-90 and P-32 brachytherapy seeds as well as with an internal calibration heater, many initial design flaws have been identified and are being addressed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Bldg 245,Room C114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00192-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600036 PM 11839020 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT Unterweger, MP AF Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT Unterweger, MP TI The standardization of W-188/Re-188 by 4 pi beta liquid scintillation spectrometry with the CIEMAT/NIST H-3-standard efficiency tracing method SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE beta-emitters; liquid scintillation counting; radioactivity; rhenium-188; standardization; tungsten-188 ID RE-188; BRACHYTHERAPY; ANGIOPLASTY; PALLIATION; GENERATOR AB The massic activity of a solution containing W-188 in equilibrium with its daughter, Re-188, has been standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology using 4pibeta liquid scintillation counting with efficiency tracing using the CIEMAT/NIST method. Confirmatory measurements were carried out with gamma-ray spectrometry using high purity germanium detectors and a 4pigamma NaI(Tl) system. A calibration factor of 1.68 MBq pA(-1) +/- 0.03 MBq pA(-1) (expanded, k = 2, uncertainty) for the W-188 in the solution was determined, along with correction factors for activity determinations using Capintec dose calibrators. A half-life value of 69.78 d +/- 0.05 d (standard uncertainty) was determined by measurement in the NIST 4pigamma ionization chamber and is consistent with currently recommended values. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00207-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600051 PM 11839034 ER PT J AU Colle, R AF Colle, R TI Activity characterization of pure-beta-emitting brachytherapy sources SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE angioplasty; beta emission; brachytherapy; measurement; metrology; phosphorus-32; radioactivity; restenosis; standards; strontium-90 ID INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY; ASSAY AB A generalized approach for characterizing the activity content of seated beta-emitting sources has been developed, and was employed to establish National Institute of Standards and Technology based activity standardizations for three different types of intravascular brachytherapy sources. Initial ionization current measurements on the sources prior to destructive assays led to the establishment of calibration factors that can be used for subsequent non-destructive measurements of similar sources. Activity characterizations are needed to unequivocally relate theoretic absorbed-dose modeling results to dosimetric measurements, as well as to establish production and quality controls by the source manufacturers, and to satisfy the requirements of various governmental regulatory authorities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Bldg 245,Room C114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00210-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600054 PM 11839037 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT AF Cessna, JT TI The measurement of activity contained in a P-32 stainless-steel stent by destructive assay SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE angioplasty; liquid-scintillation; P-32; radioactivity measurement; restenosis ID INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES; CORONARY VASCULAR-RESPONSE; ARTERY DISEASE; CANINE MODEL; IMPLANTATION; ANGIOPLASTY; EFFICIENCY; PREVENTION AB Destructive assays of stainless-steel stents containing P-32 were performed. Prior to assay, 24 stents were intercompared on a NaI(Tl) well-type crystal. A subset of stents were then digested in a suitable carrier solution by the addition of concentrated hydrofluoric acid. The final solution was measured by the CIEMAT/NIST tritium efficiency tracing method for liquid scintillation counting. A separate experiment was performed which indicated no loss of activity during stent digestion. Expanded (k = 2) uncertainties on stent activity ranged from 1.0% to 2.6%. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cessna, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00211-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600055 PM 11839038 ER PT J AU Karam, LR Pibida, L McMahon, CA AF Karam, LR Pibida, L McMahon, CA TI Use of resonance ionization mass spectrometry for determination of Cs ratios in solid samples SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE cesium; isotopic ratio; lake sediment; laser; low-level; mass spectrometry ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A method to quantitatively determine the radionuclidic content of complex samples with a minimum of chemical preparation has been under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Based on earlier studies with resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), a graphite furnace was added to the RIMS system at NIST. Efficiency determinations for Cs-133 in solution and isotopic ratio measurements of cesium (Cs-135/Cs-137) for an NIST nuclear burn-up sample using RIMS and for a sediment natural matrix standard using thermal ionization mass spectrometry are presented. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Karam, LR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00216-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600060 PM 11839042 ER PT J AU Wu, ZY Inn, KGW Lin, ZC McMahon, CA Karam, LR AF Wu, ZY Inn, KGW Lin, ZC McMahon, CA Karam, LR TI NIST radiochemistry intercomparison program: a summary of four-year performance evaluation study SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Application (ICRM 2001) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY HO PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT DE traceability; performance evaluation material; intercomparison study AB This paper summarizes the methods currently applied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the preparation and verification of environmental and radiobioaasay performance evaluation materials for the traceability testing of low-level radioactivity measurements. The evaluation of measurement quality of the all participants indicated that over 90% of the intercomparison results complied with ANSI N42.22 and/or HPS N13.30 standards. Overall, the differences from the NIST values observed for all test nuclides and matrices are less than -7%, with a typical measurement precision better than 10% (1 s). The dependency of measurement quality on the test radionuclides, sample matrices, and radiochemical methods is identified by statistical analyses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Radioact Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, ZY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Radioact Grp, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00218-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518NK UT WOS:000173674600062 PM 11842804 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AD Huggett, RJ Halbrook, RA AF Deshpande, AD Huggett, RJ Halbrook, RA TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the bile of a territorial benthic fish, oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) from the Elizabeth River, Virginia SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; LIVER; BENZOPYRENE; CONTAMINATION; XENOBIOTICS; SEDIMENTS; PREDATION; BIOMARKER; NEBULOSUS; MUSKRATS AB Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of bile of a territorial benthic fish, oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), indicated that fish from reference stations in the York and Elizabeth Rivers, Virginia, contained lower concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites than fish from polluted stations. PAH metabolite levels in the bile of fish from mildly polluted stations were 7 to 10 times greater than those from reference stations. PAH metabolite levels in fish from a moderately polluted station and a highly polluted station were, respectively, 20 and 50 times greater than those from reference stations. Differential patterns of five major PAH metabolites in fish from the same station suggested individual variability in metabolic pathways possibly further convoluted by the differential inductions or suppressions of hepatic mixed-function oxygenase isozyme systems under various natural or anthropogenic habitat parameters. PAH metabolite levels in the bile of oyster toadfish correlated well with the gradient of PAH contamination in the Elizabeth River sediments. High levels of biliary PAH metabolites were not detected in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) collected along the polluted sections of the Elizabeth River, probably due to their primarily herbivorous nature. Assuming that the hepatobiliary system and the gastrointestinal tract are the major routes of biotransformation and excretion of PAHs in the muskrats, the contaminated diet appears to be a more important routes of exposure of muskrats (and possibly oyster toadfish) to PAHs than the transdermal transfer. Occurrence permitting, we propose oyster toadfish as a useful biological sentinel for early detection of estuarine PAH pollution. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,James J Howard Marine Sci La, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Deshpande, AD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,James J Howard Marine Sci La, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 496RD UT WOS:000172409000007 PM 11706367 ER PT B AU Remley, KA AF Remley, KA GP IEEE IEEE TI Nose-to-nose oscilloscope calibration phase error inherent in the sampling circuitry SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 2002: MEASUREMENTS NEEDS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Fall ARFTG Conference CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Automat RF Tech Grp ID MODEL AB We use SPICE simulations to study the dependence of the phase error in the nose-to-nose oscilloscope calibration on the oscilloscope's sampling circuitry. We determine which components of the internal sampling circuitry of the oscilloscope contribute most significantly to errors in the nose-to-nose calibration. We then predict an expected range of phase errors from a range of realistic component values. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp 813 01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp 813 01, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8124-6 PY 2002 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1109/ARFTGF.2002.1218690 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX20X UT WOS:000184612700011 ER PT B AU Jargon, J DeGroot, D Gupta, KC Cidronali, A AF Jargon, J DeGroot, D Gupta, KC Cidronali, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Calculating ratios of harmonically related, complex signals with application to nonlinear large-signal scattering parameters SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 2002: MEASUREMENTS NEEDS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Fall ARFTG Conference CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Automat RF Tech Grp AB We describe a method for preserving time-invariant phase relationships when ratios are taken between any two harmonically related, complex signals. We provide a simple example to illustrate our technique, and show how this method is implemented when defining time-invariant nonlinear large-signal scattering parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jargon, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 813-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8124-6 PY 2002 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1109/ARFTGF.2002.1218694 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX20X UT WOS:000184612700015 ER PT B AU DeGroot, DC Jargon, JA Marks, RB AF DeGroot, DC Jargon, JA Marks, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI Multiline TRL revealed SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 2002: MEASUREMENTS NEEDS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Fall ARFTG Conference CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Automat RF Tech Grp AB We reveal the techniques underlying actual implementation of the NIST MultiCal(R) software, an evolved, automated implementation of the Multiline TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) calibration method for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We describe the sequence of events in MultiCal for the Multiline TRL calibration and show how the program operates more like a state-machine than a solver of simultaneous equations. Our report details the steps used in estimating the transmission-line propagation-constant and the VNA correction coefficients. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP DeGroot, DC (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Dept Elec, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8124-6 PY 2002 BP 131 EP 155 DI 10.1109/ARFTGF.2002.1218696 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX20X UT WOS:000184612700017 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Ayres, TR Brown, A Osten, RA AF Linsky, JL Ayres, TR Brown, A Osten, RA TI Comparison of the spectrum of a sunspot-like star with a sunspot SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Sun : sunspots; stars : spots; stars : chromospheres; stars : coronae; ultraviolet emission; X-rays ID AU MICROSCOPII; FLARES; CORONAE AB A typical sunspot umbra has an effective temperature, gravity, and strong magnetic field strength similar to the dMle star AU Microscopii. We compare STIS, Chandra, EUVE, and FUSE spectra of AU Mic with typical spectra of sunspots to characterize the major differences and then compare models of AU Mic with sunspot models. We find that the emission, heating rates, and differential emission measure distributions arc very different for AU Mic and sunspots, and conclude that the root cause of the difference lies in the very different geometries of the two magnetic fields. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2002 VL 323 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(200208)323:3/4<321::AID-ASNA321>3.0.CO;2-H PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 591DU UT WOS:000177865100027 ER PT J AU Osten, RA Brown, A Wood, BE Brady, P AF Osten, RA Brown, A Wood, BE Brady, P TI Multiwavelength observations of three short-period active binary systems: ER Vulpeculae, CC Eridani, and EI Eridani SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : stars; stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; LATE-TYPE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; RADIO-EMISSION; CVN BINARIES; ROTATIONAL MODULATION; DRACONIS VARIABLES; VLA OBSERVATIONS; COORDINATED VLA AB We present the results of multiwavelength observing campaigns of three short-period active binary systems: ER Vulpeculae, CC Eridani, and EI Eridani, all with orbital periods less than 2 days. ER Vulpeculae (P-orb similar to 0.7 day) was observed simultaneously in the X-ray and radio with ASCA and MERLIN, CC Eridani (P-orb similar to 1.56 days) with EUVE, the VLA, and the ATCA, and EI Eridani (P-orb similar to 1.95 days) with EUVE and ASCA. The ASCA observations of ER Vul and EI Eri reveal a pattern of low coronal metallicities during quiescence, which increase during flares. There is evidence in ASCA spectra of EI Eri for extremely hot, (T > 100 MK) plasma arising during stellar flares. Multifrequency radio emission from CC Eri shows flux decreasing with increasing frequency, and polarization increasing with frequency. During the observations of CC Eri at 20 cm, two highly circularly polarized flares occurred. One, being left circularly polarized at -70%, is consistent with plasma radiation at the fundamental frequency as on other active binary systems. The second flare is largely right circularly polarized (up to 100%). The results from EUVE observations suggest high coronal electron densities n(e) > 10(12) cm(-3), which is in conflict with the implied electron density of the radio-emitting plasma if the two types of emission have a common electron population. Despite our long EUV and X-ray observations of these systems lasting several orbital periods, flaring at these wavelengths was observed only on EI Eri, the longest period system here. We find a very peaked distribution of count rates about the average for all the nonflaring high-energy observations. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DG, Cheshire, England. RP Osten, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Campus Box 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 1 BP 99 EP 120 DI 10.1086/323666 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 515QT UT WOS:000173507500006 ER PT B AU Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ Mebust, MR Eder, BK AF Binkowski, FS Roselle, SJ Mebust, MR Eder, BK BE Chock, DP Carmichael, GR TI Modeling atmospheric particulate matter in an air quality modeling system using a modal method SO ATMOSPHERIC MODELING SE IMA VOLUMES IN MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atmospheric Modeling CY MAR 15-19, 2000 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, INST MATH & APPLICAT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN HO UNIV MINNESOTA, INST MATH & APPLICAT ID AEROSOL DYNAMICS C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Binkowski, FS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95497-X J9 IMA V MATH PY 2002 VL 130 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BV03P UT WOS:000177662000012 ER PT S AU Bergstrom, PM AF Bergstrom, PM BE Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Ownby, F TI The use of atomic data in applications involving ionizing radiation SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY APR 24-27, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE Off Fus Energy Sci, ORNL Controlled Fus Atom Data Ctr, ORNL Phys Div, ORNL Phys Sci Directorate, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, U/Battelle ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; SIMULATION; ELECTRONS AB Ionizing radiation is utilized in many industrial, medical and research applications. The term ionizing radiation implies that the interaction of the radiation with the object of interest occurs at the atomic level, through the removal of electrons from atoms and molecules. In trying to understand, enhance and develop technologies that utilize ionizing radiation, atomic data and tools to utilize these data sets are essential. In this paper some current applications of ionizing radiation are discussed. The computational tools applied to these situations are outlined. Currently available data sets are reviewed. Data needs are discussed as are some of the efforts underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to enhance both data and tools. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon & Charged Particle Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergstrom, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon & Charged Particle Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0091-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 636 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV50H UT WOS:000179183500001 ER PT J AU Widmann, JF AF Widmann, JF TI Characterization of a residential fire sprinkler using phase Doppler interferometry SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE ANALYZER AB The results of a feasibility study to determine if the water sprays produced by residential fire sprinklers can be accurately characterized using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) are presented. The large size of the water drops produced by fire sprinklers, and the relatively large coverage area of the spray, present significant challenges when attempting to characterize these sprays. These difficulties are especially relevant when using PDI because large drops and large coverage areas may result in trajectory-dependent scattering errors and attenuation of the transmitting laser beams. For the residential sprinkler investigated, it was determined that trajectory ambiguity was nota significant source of error, but attenuation of the laser beam resulted in overcounting of drops due to burst splitting. The effect on the data was minimized by carefully choosing the operating parameters of the PDI processing electronics. For the spray investigated, the Sauter mean diameter varied from approximately 360 to 560 Pm. Integration of the radial profile of the volume flux resulted in a calculated flow rate that agreed with the flow through the sprinkler to with in 8%. The results of this study demonstrate that PDI can be used to accurately characterize the sprays produced by residential fire sprinklers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Widmann, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 89 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v12.i123.40 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 587KM UT WOS:000177639500004 ER PT S AU Vanderah, DJ Arsenault, J La, H Silin, V Meuse, CW Gates, RS AF Vanderah, DJ Arsenault, J La, H Silin, V Meuse, CW Gates, RS BE Aizenberg, J McKittrick, JM Orme, CA TI Helical, disordered, and what that means: Structural characterization of a new series of methyl 1-thiaoligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers SO BIOLOGICAL BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS-PROPERTIES TO FUNCTION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological and Biomimetic Materials - Properties to Function held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID OLIGO(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); PROTEIN ADSORPTION; GOLD; SURFACES; SILVER AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a series of linear thiols containing a 1-thiaoligo(ethylene oxide) [TOEO] moiety, i.e., HS(CH2CH2O)(x)CH3, where x = 3 - 6, were prepared on polycrystalline gold (Au) and characterized by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). For x = 5 and 6, the RAIRS data show that the TOEO segment, oriented normal to the substrate, adopts the highly ordered 7/2 helical structure of the folded-chain crystal polymorph of poly(ethylene oxide). For x = 3 and 4, the RAIRS and SE data indicate disordered, "amorphous" SAMs with essentially no evidence of the helical conformation in the TOEO segment. These data suggest that, for SAMs with TOEO segments, a minimum of five ethylene oxide units is required to adopt a helical conformation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-660-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 724 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV76S UT WOS:000179970700009 ER PT S AU Morrison, WE Secor, DH Piccoli, PM AF Morrison, WE Secor, DH Piccoli, PM BE Dixon, DA TI Estuarine habitat use by Hudson river American eels as determined by otolith Strontium : Calcium ratios SO BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND PROTECTION OF CATADROMOUS EELS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels held at American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 21-22, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; JAPANESE EEL; FRESH-WATER; RHODE-ISLAND; GROWTH-RATES; HOME RANGE; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; JAPONICA; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The migration histories of individual American eels (Anguilla rostrata) in the Hudson River, New York were investigated using otolith microchemistry. Strontium:calcium ratios were used as a proxy for salinity; mean levels +/- SD estimated for fresh water and mesohaline (5-18 ppt) habitats were 0.002 +/- 0.0005 and 0.005 +/- 0.0007, respectively. Yellow-phase eels captured in fresh water showed no evidence of having previously resided in brackish water after metamorphosis into the elver stage. Yellow-phase eels captured at mesohaline sites showed two distinct migration modes, either spending their entire life in brackish water, or having a period of fresh water residency for the first 2-19 years before migrating into brackish water. Size-at-age analysis suggested that eels that spent their yellow-phase in brackish water grew faster and matured earlier than those that spent this portion of life in fresh water. C1 NOAA, Biogeog Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Morrison, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Program, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,9th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-42-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 33 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX36A UT WOS:000185058900008 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Dickey, JT Rand-Weaver, M Millar, RP AF Swanson, P Dickey, JT Rand-Weaver, M Millar, RP TI Cloning, partial cDNA sequence, and expression of two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in coho salmon. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brunel Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. MRC, Human Reprod Sci Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 258 BP 202 EP 202 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900317 ER PT J AU Campbell, B Dickey, JT Swanson, P AF Campbell, B Dickey, JT Swanson, P TI Endocrine changes during puberty in male chinook salmon, Onchorhynchus tshawytscha. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 392 BP 257 EP 257 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900451 ER PT J AU Coddington, JA Chanzy, HD Jackson, CL Raty, G Gardner, KH AF Coddington, JA Chanzy, HD Jackson, CL Raty, G Gardner, KH TI The unique ribbon morphology of the major ampullate silk of spiders from the genus Loxosceles (Recluse spiders) SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CAPTURE THREADS; STICKINESS; DRAGLINE AB The morphology of silk produced by recluse spiders (Loxosceles arizonica) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This silk consisted entirely of very long, thin ribbons of width 2-4 mum and thicknesses of no more than 40 nm. The correspondence in shape and dimension between the silk ribbons and the elongated aperture of the major ampullate spigot indicated that these ribbons were major ampullate silk. Selected area electron diffraction patterns from single ribbons were indexed with an orthorhombic unit cell (a = 9.43(2) Angstrom, b = 8.96(3) Angstrom, c = 6.96(1) Angstrom). This unit cell is in good agreement with that previously reported for synthetic poly(L-alanylglycine). Thus it is likely that the crystalline regions of the major ampullate silk of L. arizonica consist of an alternating glycine-L-alanine motif that has adopted a beta-sheet structure. The amino acid composition achieved with the silk of L. arizonica as well as that of L. laeta confirmed that the major amino acid constituents of this silk were glycine and L-alanine in nearly equal amounts. As it was noticed that the dry ribbons were highly electrostatic, it is suggested that the electrostatic interaction plays an important role in prey capture for Loxoseles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, CERMAV, CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Dupont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Jackson, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catheryn.jackson@att.net OI Jackson, Catheryn/0000-0003-1611-3926 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1021/bm010108m PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 528RJ UT WOS:000174256500002 PM 11866550 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Quinn, JB AF Xu, HHK Quinn, JB TI Calcium phosphate cement containing resorbable fibers for short-term reinforcement and macroporosity SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cement; hydroxyapatite; resorbable fiber; reinforcement; strength; macroporosity ID ACRYLIC BONE-CEMENT; CANAL SEALER-FILLER; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FAILURE MECHANISMS; COMPOSITES; RESIN; RECONSTRUCTION; CERAMICS AB Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite and has been used in medical and dental procedures. However, the brittleness and low strength of CPC prohibit its use in many stress-bearing locations, unsupported defects, or reconstruction of thin bones. Recent studies incorporated fibers into CPC to improve its strength. In the present study, a novel methodology was used to combine the reinforcement with macroporosity: large-diameter resorbable fibers were incorporated into CPC to provide short-term strength. then dissolved to create macropores. suitable for bone ingrowth. Two types of resorbable fibers with 322 mum diameters were mixed with CPC to a fiber volume fraction of 25%. The set specimens were immersed in saline at 37 degreesC for 1, 7. 14, 28 and 56 d, and were then tested in three-point flexure. SEM was used to examine crack-fiber interactions. CPC composite achieved a flexural strength 3 times, and work-of-fracture (toughness) nearly 100 times, greater than unreinforced CPC. The strength and toughness were maintained for 2-4 weeks of immersion, depending on fiber dissolution rate. Macropores or channels were observed in CPC composite after fiber dissolution. In conclusion, incorporating large-diameter resorbable fibers can achieve the needed short-term strength and fracture resistance for CPC while tissue regeneration is occurring, then create macropores suitable for vascular ingrowth when the fibers are dissolved. The reinforcement mechanisms appeared to be crack bridging and fiber pullout; the mechanical properties of the CPC matrix also affected the composite properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Bldg 224,Room A-153, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE12476] NR 51 TC 116 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00095-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 496YF UT WOS:000172425400023 PM 11763861 ER PT J AU Korter, TM Plusquellic, DF Walker, AH Fraser, GT AF Korter, TM Plusquellic, DF Walker, AH Fraser, GT TI Continuous-wave terahertz spectroscopy of biomolecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 68 BP 15A EP 15A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700070 ER PT J AU Pivovar, AM Tarek, M AF Pivovar, AM Tarek, M TI Measuring protein dynamics with neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 116 BP 25A EP 25A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700118 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA Richter, LJ Stephenson, JC AF Briggman, KA Richter, LJ Stephenson, JC TI In situ optical studies of biomimetic systems SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 189 BP 39A EP 39A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700192 ER PT J AU Walker, ARH Boyden, MA Korter, TM Romero, D AF Walker, ARH Boyden, MA Korter, TM Romero, D TI Low frequency Raman modes of biotin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 187 BP 39A EP 39A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700190 ER PT J AU Heinz, WF Weston, KD Jolivet, V Navarro, B Bernardi, P Goldner, LS AF Heinz, WF Weston, KD Jolivet, V Navarro, B Bernardi, P Goldner, LS TI A combined atomic force, confocal, and total internal reflection microscope for single molecule microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jolivet, Veronique/E-1107-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 201 BP 41A EP 41A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700204 ER PT J AU Bardo, AM DeJong, ES Goldner, LS Marino, JP Heinz, WF Weston, KD AF Bardo, AM DeJong, ES Goldner, LS Marino, JP Heinz, WF Weston, KD TI Spectroscopic rulers: Distance and dynamics of RNA binding using single molecule FRET SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 242 BP 49A EP 49A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700245 ER PT J AU Deyhim, A Zhou, J Schwartz, F Krueger, S Gregurick, S AF Deyhim, A Zhou, J Schwartz, F Krueger, S Gregurick, S TI Small Angle Neutron Scattering studies of PNA & DNA systems SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. NIST, CARB, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 622 BP 128A EP 128A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700626 ER PT J AU Perez-Salas, UA Krueger, S Woodson, S Rangan, P Georgieva, E Thirumalai, D Briber, RM AF Perez-Salas, UA Krueger, S Woodson, S Rangan, P Georgieva, E Thirumalai, D Briber, RM TI Folding pathways of RNA by cation binding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 644 BP 132A EP 132A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700648 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ DiMarzio, EA Krasilnikov, OV Henrickson, SE AF Kasianowicz, JJ DiMarzio, EA Krasilnikov, OV Henrickson, SE TI Characterizing single nanopores with polynucleotides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID PORE C1 NIST, ACSL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 917 BP 187A EP 188A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700924 ER PT J AU Tobias, DJ Tarek, M Razmara, A Kuo, IFW AF Tobias, DJ Tarek, M Razmara, A Kuo, IFW TI Hydration dynamics of native and partially unfolded proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1481 BP 305A EP 306A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701497 ER PT J AU Bu, ZM Cook, J Callaway, DJE AF Bu, ZM Cook, J Callaway, DJE TI Dynamic regimes and correlated structural dynamics in native and denatured alpha-lactalbumin. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Picower Inst Med Res, Manhasset, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1502 BP 310A EP 310A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701519 ER PT J AU Zohar, O Heimer, TA Tandon, A Heilweil, EJ Alkon, DL AF Zohar, O Heimer, TA Tandon, A Heilweil, EJ Alkon, DL TI Phosphorescence lifetime of Eu-TTA as a biological temperature probe SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 2405 BP 492A EP 492A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252702422 ER PT J AU Cole, KD Tellez, CM AF Cole, KD Tellez, CM TI Separation of large circular DNA by electrophoresis in agarose gels SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; SUPERCOILED DNA; TOPOLOGY; SIZE; CONFORMATIONS; RESOLUTION; MOLECULES; MOBILITY; BEHAVIOR; CLONING AB The electrophoresis of circular DNA, ranging in size from 4.4 kilobase pairs (kbp) to 220 kbp, was studied in agarose gels. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA was used as a source of large supercoiled and open circular (relaxed) forms. The open circles above approximately 50 kbp were trapped at the sample wells of 1% agarose gels during electrophoresis at 3 V/cm. Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was used to relieve the trapping of the open circles in the gels. Using FIGE (30 s forward pulse time), open circles with sizes of 115 and 220 kbp required reverse pulse times of 3 and 6 s, respectively, to free the circles from open-ended gel fibers. A minimum in the gel velocity of the open circles was measured at approximately 20 kbp. Open circles below approximately 20 kbp migrated slower than the supercoiled forms, and above 20 kbp the order was reversed. These results indicate that when the size of the open circles exceeded the average pore size of a gel and it was forced to span multiple pores, the open circles gained a mobility advantage. Decreasing the ionic strength of the electrophoresis buffer significantly decreased the mobility of the smaller circles and slightly increased the mobility of the larger circles. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Bioproc Engn Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, Bioproc Engn Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1021/bp010135o PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 521BQ UT WOS:000173819100012 PM 11822904 ER PT J AU Casey, KS AF Casey, KS TI Daytime vs nighttime AVHRR sea surface temperature data: A report regarding Wellington et al. (2001) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; SKIN; VARIABILITY AB A recent study by Wellington et al. (2001) excluded daytime and selected only nighttime AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data for comparison with in situ observations, citing two studies to support this decision. One of these studies is incorrectly referenced since it does not discuss day-night satellite data issues, and the other supports the use of nighttime AVHRR data based on biases with a single buoy recording SST in a different ocean basin. This report discusses the difficulty in selecting only daytime or nighttime AVHRR data based on dissimilar studies owing to highly variable satellite SST biases and differences in satellite processing algorithms. Additionally, it presents a simple analysis based on co-located satellite and in situ data which highlights two important processes affecting the day-night satellite SST differences: diurnal warming and the skin effect. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, NOAA, NESDIS, NODC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Casey, KS (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, NOAA, NESDIS, NODC, E OC5,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 563RB UT WOS:000176268400013 ER PT J AU Faunce, CH Lorenz, JJ Ley, JA Serafy, JE AF Faunce, CH Lorenz, JJ Ley, JA Serafy, JE TI Size structure of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) within a mangrove 'no-take' sanctuary SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA BAY; MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES C1 Tavernier Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Australian Maritime Coll, Beauty Point, Tas 7270, Australia. NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), Tavernier Sci Ctr, 115 Indian Mound Trail, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 563RB UT WOS:000176268400017 ER PT J AU Sponaugle, S Cowen, RK Shanks, A Morgan, SG Leis, JM Pineda, JS Boehlert, GW Kingsford, MJ Lindeman, KC Grimes, C Munro, JL AF Sponaugle, S Cowen, RK Shanks, A Morgan, SG Leis, JM Pineda, JS Boehlert, GW Kingsford, MJ Lindeman, KC Grimes, C Munro, JL TI Predicting self-recruitment in marine populations: Biophysical correlates and mechanisms SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GASTROPOD CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; CALIFORNIA UPWELLING SYSTEM; ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION; INTERNAL TIDAL BORES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LARVAL FISHES AB Mounting evidence suggests that some populations of benthic marine organisms may be less demographically 'open' than previously thought, The degree to which a population receives recruits from local sources versus other populations has important ecological and management ramifications. For either of these reasons, it is often desirable to estimate the degree to which a population of interest is self-recruiting. Although methods for actual estimation of population self-recruitment are limited and often difficult to employ, the presence of several biological and physical conditions may improve our estimates of self-recruitment for particular populations, Biological traits of benthic adults (relative fecundity, spatial and temporal patterns of spawning and larval release, parental investment), as well as pelagic larvae (stage of development at hatching, pelagic larval duration, vertical migration behavior, horizontal swimming ability, and sensory capabilities) influence where and when larvae are released, where and how they are transported, their ability to move actively in the pelagic realm, and finally, spatial and temporal settlement patterns. Physical variables potentially influencing self-recruitment include site isolation, coastal complexity and flow variability. Within these physical variables we discuss explicit mechanisms by which larvae may be retained in proximity to their natal population. We provide examples from specific locations such as coral reefs, isolated islands and seamounts, and semi-enclosed embayments such as lagoons and estuaries, as well as characteristic oceanographic features such as upwelling systems, fronts, moving convergences, eddies and counter currents. We evaluate direct and indirect evidence to predict the relationship between these biophysical variables and the degree of self-recruitment in benthic marine organisms. We conclude that physical factors that result in a departure from unidirectional, depth-uniform water flow provide the opportunity for retention of larvae, and therefore of self-recruitment. These physical factors are common in the ocean and vary in intensity among locations and times. Some enable retention of passive larvae (physical retention). whereas others lead to retention only with active behavioral input by the larvae (biophysical retention). Larval behavior that can contribute to or result in retention or return to natal sites ranges from simple vertical orientation (within the capabilities of the larvae of most taxa) to complex sensory abilities and strong swimming (known to occur in larvae of a few taxa, particularly decapod crustaceans and fishes). For all taxa. both the pelagic larval duration and the time to behavioral competency will have a strong influence on likelihood of self-recruitment. Understanding the biophysical mechanisms by which larvae are retained near or return to their natal population will be necessary before generalizations can be made. Examples highlight the importance of each variable to processes controlling self-recruitment. For most cot-relates, further study is clearly warranted. Although certain variables hold promise for predicting self-recruitment, complex, non-linear interactions among these biophysical variables must be considered. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. Univ Calif Bodega, Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. Australian Museum, Div Vertebrate Zool, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Australian Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Res, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Environm Def, Miami, FL 33186 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. ICLARM Caribbean Eastern Pacific Off, Inland Messenger Serv, Tortola, British Virgin, England. RP Sponaugle, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Kingsford, Michael/C-2015-2008; Leis, Jeffrey/E-7502-2012; 平山, 幸恵/G-9307-2012 NR 298 TC 256 Z9 263 U1 4 U2 75 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 SU S BP 341 EP 375 PG 35 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 565NZ UT WOS:000176377500006 ER PT J AU Waldstreicher, JS AF Waldstreicher, JS TI A foot of snow from a 3000-foot cloud SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Binghamton, NY USA. RP Waldstreicher, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Eastern Reg Headquarters,630 Johnson Ave, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0019:AFOSFA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514FT UT WOS:000173428600002 ER PT J AU Godfrey, CM Wilks, DS Schultz, DM AF Godfrey, CM Wilks, DS Schultz, DM TI Is the January thaw a statistical phantom? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DAILY TEMPERATURE; SOLAR-RADIATION; SINGULARITIES; FIELD AB The existence of the January thaw, a purported systematic anomalous warming in daily mean temperatures at northeastern U.S. stations during late January, is investigated quantitatively. A key idea in the analysis is that winter temperatures are intrinsically more variable, and this property must be accounted for when judging the unusualness of excursions of daily mean temperatures from a smooth climatic mean function. Accordingly the daily mean temperature departures are expressed non-dimensionally by dividing by appropriate standard deviations that vary through the year. The warm excursion in observed records for late January is not always the most extreme such excursion in the non-dimensionalized data, even when the definition of "excursion" is optimized to emphasize the late January event. Hypothesis tests based on time series models with smoothly varying climatologies (i.e., with no anomalous features such as the January thaw, by construction) are used to evaluate the statistical significance of the observed January thaws. The synthetic series produce many apparent events of similar character and magnitudes, although occurring randomly throughout the year and equally divided between warm and cool deviations. It is thus concluded that the effects of sampling in finite climate records are wholly adequate to account for the existence of January thaw "features" in northeastern U.S. temperature data. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wilks, DS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1123 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0053:ITJTAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514FT UT WOS:000173428600009 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Toth, Z Wobus, R Richardson, D Mylne, K AF Zhu, YJ Toth, Z Wobus, R Richardson, D Mylne, K TI The economic value of ensemble-based weather forecasts SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; SKILL AB The potential economic benefit associated with the use of an ensemble of forecasts versus an equivalent or higher-resolution control forecast is discussed. Neither forecast systems are post-processed, except a simple calibration that is applied to make them reliable. A simple decision-making model is used where all potential users of weather forecasts are characterized by the ratio between the cost of their action to prevent weather-related damages, and the loss that they incur in case they do not protect their operations. It is shown that the ensemble forecast system can be used by a much wider range of users. Furthermore, for many, and for beyond 4-day lead time for all users, the ensemble provides greater potential economic benefit than a control forecast, even if the latter is run at higher horizontal resolution. It is argued that the added benefits derive from 1) the fact that the ensemble provides a more detailed forecast probability distribution, allowing the users to tailor their weather forecast-related actions to their particular cost-loss situation, and 2) the ensemble's ability to differentiate between high-and low-predictability cases. While single forecasts can statistically be supplemented by more detailed probability distributions, it is not clear whether with more sophisticated postprocessing they can identify more and less predictable forecast cases as successfully as ensembles do. C1 NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 36 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 73 EP + DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0073:TEVOEB>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514FT UT WOS:000173428600011 ER PT J AU Rub, AMW Wright, DJ Jones, JA AF Rub, AMW Wright, DJ Jones, JA TI A novel landscape ecology approach for determining habitat correlations and macrofaunal patchiness in extreme environments: pilot study for the Southern East Pacific Rise at 17-18 degrees S SO CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Biology CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL BREST, FRANCE SP 5th Framework Program European Commiss, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Reg Bretagne, Counseil Gen Finistere & Communaute Urbaine Brest, Total Fina Elf, Banque Populaire Ouest, Casden Banque Populaire, FEI Co, Proteus, Air France, Dorsales, InterRidge, Ridge USA, Mineral Management Serv, USA ID ERUPTION; RIDGE C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rub, AMW (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE PI ROSCOFF PA STATION BIOLOGIQUE PLACE GEORGES TEISSIER, 29680 ROSCOFF, FRANCE SN 0007-9723 J9 CAH BIOL MAR JI Cah. Biol. Mar. PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627NB UT WOS:000179938200020 ER PT B AU Kattner, UR AF Kattner, UR BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Shull, RD TI Construction of a thermodynamic database for NI-BASE superalloys: A case study SO CALPHAD AND ALLOY THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calphad and Alloy Thermodynamics held at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Mineral, Met & Mat Soc ID COUPLED PHASE-DIAGRAMS; METAL BINARY-SYSTEMS; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; NICKEL; SOLIDIFICATION; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS; TA AB Ni-base alloys are widely used in applications involving high temperatures and severe environmental conditions. To model the various processing steps used for these alloys, improvements in thermodynamic databases are required, These databases are also necessary to describe the thermodynamic factor for diffusion database development. The first thermodynamic database for superalloys was developed by Larry Kaufman and co-workers in the 1970's. Since then, computational technology has constantly improved, resulting in advanced model descriptions and better agreement with experimental observations. A database for Ni-base superalloys with emphasis on single crystal alloys has been assembled for 10 components: Ni, Al, Co, Cr, Hf, Mo, Re, Ta, Ti, W. Since the number of subsystems for such a database is enormous, many assessments from the literature were used. These assessments were reviewed for consistency and, as necessary, partially remodeled. Experience from assembling this database and a discussion of a more systematic estimation procedure for the unknown quantities will be presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-514-X PY 2002 BP 147 EP 164 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BU30P UT WOS:000175615700009 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Hanson, PC Essington, TE Brown, PB Kitchell, JF AF Harvey, CJ Hanson, PC Essington, TE Brown, PB Kitchell, JF TI Using bioenergetics models to predict stable isotope ratios in fishes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; LAKE-SUPERIOR; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; CARBON ISOTOPES; NITROGEN; DIET; DELTA-N-15; ENERGETICS; MICHIGAN; TROUT AB To describe temporal dynamics of stable isotope ratios in fishes, we developed a bioenergetics-based model that links isotope ratios to growth, as influenced by fish size, temperature, diet, and prey quality. The model includes error terms for isotope ratios, diet proportions, and fractionation. The model accurately predicted temporal delta(15)N dynamics of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a diet-switch experiment but was less successful for delta(13)C, possibly because of variable fractionation. The model was then used in three heuristic applications. In a diet-validation scenario, a model derived from limited knowledge of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) diet reasonably estimated delta(13)C and delta(15)N compared with a null model but inaccurately estimated prey consumption. In a scenario where adult lake trout briefly cannibalized stocked lake trout fingerlings, the detectability of a cannibalism-induced delta(15)N increase depended on predator size, duration of cannibalism, and sample size. In a scenario where seasonal isotopic variability occurred at the base of a food web, variation propagated to higher trophic levels depended on consumer size and diet. Our approach is most valuable when used to examine multiple diet combinations that produce observed stable isotope ratios; one can then identify the most reasonable diets through field tests or other observations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 36 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1139/F01-203 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 524PN UT WOS:000174022200013 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Marty, GD Hose, JE AF Carls, MG Marty, GD Hose, JE TI Synthesis of the toxicological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION; LIFE HISTORY STAGES; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT AB Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound (PWS) were affected by two major events in the past decade: the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and a 75% collapse in the adult population in 1993. In this review we compare and reinterpret published data from industry and government sources. Combining site-specific estimates of exposure and recent laboratory effects thresholds, 0.4-0.7 mu.L-1 total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, we conclude that 25-32% of the embryos were damaged in PWS in 1989. Significant effects extended beyond those predicted by visual observation of oiling and by toxicity information available in 1989. Oil-induced mortality probably reduced recruitment of the 1989 year class into the fishery, but was impossible to quantify because recruitment was generally low in other Alaskan herring stocks. Significant adult mortality was not observed in 1989; biomass remained high through 1992 but declined precipitously in winter 1992-1993. The collapse was likely caused by high population size, disease, and suboptimal nutrition, but indirect links to the spill cannot be ruled out. These concepts have broad application to future oil spill assessments. For example, safety standards for dissolved aromatics should reflect the previously unrecognized high toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons to adequately protect critical life stages. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Occidental Coll, Los Angeles, CA 93420 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 84 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 153 EP 172 DI 10.1139/F01-200 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 524PN UT WOS:000174022200017 ER PT J AU Brodziak, JKT Overholtz, WJ Rago, PJ AF Brodziak, JKT Overholtz, WJ Rago, PJ TI Reply: Does spawning stock affect recruitment of New England groundfish? Interpreting spawning stock and recruitment data in New England groundfish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brodziak, JKT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1139/F01-208 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 524PN UT WOS:000174022200020 ER PT J AU Vasilyev, AA Tawara, H Richard, P Safronova, UI AF Vasilyev, AA Tawara, H Richard, P Safronova, UI TI Observation and analysis (synthesis) of X-ray spectrum originated from electron capture of low-energy, highly charged Xeq+ (q=26-43) ions in single collisions with Ar atom SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SLOW COLLISIONS AB X-rays have been observed in collisions of low-energy (keV/u), highly charged Xeq+ (q = 26-43) ions with neutral Ar atoms. These X-rays are understood to be produced through electron capture by highly charged projectile ions from target atoms, the electrons then cascade down to the ground state. It is clearly noted that the most intense X-ray peaks correspond to M-shell - N-shell transitions with different numbers of M-shell vacancies and that X-ray intensities decrease significantly toward high energies near the ionization limit. This observation indicates that the direct transition of an electron captured in a highly excited state to M-shell vacancies is negligibly small. To obtain a better understanding of X-ray production mechanisms, we tried to synthesize the expected X-ray spectrum and compare that with the observed spectrum. The synthesized spectra were found to reproduce the observed spectra reasonably well. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Vasilyev, AA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1139/p01-133 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 529NU UT WOS:000174306200007 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Yeung, C Amaya, F Lopez, AC Jones, DL Richards, WJ AF Criales, MM Yeung, C Amaya, F Lopez, AC Jones, DL Richards, WJ TI Larval supply of fishes, shrimps, and crabs into the nursery ground of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PENAEOID SHRIMPS; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; SETTLEMENT; BAY AB The Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta is the largest estuary in the Colombian Caribbean and serves as a nursery ground for many fishes and invertebrates. The larval influx of fishes, shrimps, and crabs into the estuary was monitored using moored channel nets placed at the mouth of the estuary during full and new moon periods from February 1998 through February 1999. The most abundant families of fish larvae were engraulids, gobiids, elopids, megalopids, gerreids, and sciaenids. Engraulid larvae were most abundant in February 1998, while the other families peaked in May-July during the rainy season. Influx of fish larvae was correlated with alongshore wind stress and with discharges from the Magdalena River. Megalopae of the crab Callinectes spp. and postlarvae of the penaeid shrimps Xiphopenaeus kroyeri and Farfantepenaeus spp. were dominant among the crustaceans. Megalopae and postlarval shrimps had recruitment peaks in February 1998, August 1998, and January 1999 (during periods of intense northeast wind and associated coastal upwelling). Influx of megalopae and postlarval shrimps was correlated with sea surface temperature and with cross-shelf wind stress. Influx of most fish larvae was higher during the new moon, but only cynoglossids showed significant differences. Farfantepenaeus spp. postlarvae were significantly more abundant during the full moon. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 65 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 560FL UT WOS:000176072000007 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Lindholm, J AF Auster, PJ Lindholm, J TI Pattern in the local diversity of coral reef fishes versus rates of social foraging SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 623BT UT WOS:000179683900012 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Zhang, Z Chow, LC Schumacher, GE AF Vogel, GL Zhang, Z Chow, LC Schumacher, GE TI Changes in lactate and other ions in plaque and saliva after a fluoride rinse and subsequent sucrose administration SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caries; fluoride; labile ions; plaque; saliva ID CARIES-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; CONTAINING CHEWING GUM; HUMAN DENTAL PLAQUE; 2-SOLUTION RINSE; WHOLE SALIVA; HUMAN ENAMEL; FLOW-RATE; FLUID; CALCIUM; SATURATION AB The purpose of this study was to examine plaque and saliva composition after a fluoride rinse and subsequent sucrose application. Fifteen subjects accumulated plaque for 48 h, and then rinsed with a fluoride rinse based on 228 mug/g (ppm) Na2SiF6 and some received no rinse. After 60 min, upper and lower buccal molar plaque samples and 1-min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with 10% g/g sucrose solution, and 7 and 15 min later, a second and a third set of samples were collected. Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from these samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque acid extracted. The plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva, and plaque extract samples were then analyzed using micro techniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid and saliva only) and fluoride. Considering both the fluoride rinse and no-rinse groups, the most notable compositional changes in saliva 7 min after the sucrose rinse were pH -0.40 unit, free calcium 0.42 mM, lactate 5.2 mM, phosphate -1.3 mM, and fluoride 2.8 muM, while in plaque fluid, the corresponding changes were pH -1.59 unit, free calcium 1.5 mM, lactate 35 mM, phosphate -1.6 mM and fluoride -26 muM. After sucrose rinsing, undersaturation was found with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in saliva and plaque fluid and with respect to tooth enamel in some plaque fluid samples. Plaque fluid composition appeared to be strongly influenced by salivary clearance, diffusive loss of ions into the water phase of the rinse, and lower jaw pooling of the sucrose and fluoride components of the rinses. After the experimental rinse, the fluoride concentration in plaque fluid [86 22 mM (upper molar site), 162 +/- 150 mM (lower molar site)], saliva (26 +/- 18 mM) and whole plaque [99 +/- 97 mug/g (upper molar site), 197 +/- 412 mug/g (lower molar site)] was comparable to the values in previous studies using this rinse. These very high plaque fluid fluoride concentrations, compared with the 'no-rinse' samples, induced an approximately 0.3-unit increase in the plaque fluid pH 7 min after the sucrose rinse, a small decrease (approximately 20%) in lactate production and a modest increase in enamel saturation. Although these changes were all statistically significant, no correlation was found between the decrease in lactate concentration and plaque fluid fluoride, pH or whole plaque fluoride. Copyright (C) 2002 S. KargerAG, Basel. C1 NIST, ADAHF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pfizer Inc Co, Morris Plains, NJ USA. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, ADAHF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Room A153 Bld 224 Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05354, DE10840] NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1159/000057590 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 546MK UT WOS:000175277700010 PM 11961330 ER PT B AU Ressler, S Wang, QM AF Ressler, S Wang, QM BE Lemke, HU Vannier, MW Inamura, K Farman, AG Doi, K Reiber, JH TI A Web3D based CAESAR viewer SO CARS 2002: COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress and Exhibition on Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery CY JUN 26-29, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Amer Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol, Bulgarian Assoc Radiol, British Inst Radiol, Czech Radiol Soc, Deutsch Gesell Comp Roboterassistierte Chirurg, Deutsch Gesell Biomed Tech e V, Deutsch Rontgengesell, European Soc Cardiac Radiol DE VRML; Web3D; anthropometry AB The CAESAR (Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource) project completed in 2002 has collected 3D scans of over 5000 subjects. We have created a 3D interface, the NIST CAESAR Viewer (NCV), utilizing the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to provide 3D access via the Web. In addition to simply viewing the 3D scans we have augmented the display of the body with interactive anthropometric landmarks and contour line displays. The landmarks and viewpoints associated with the landmarks are automatically placed onto the body as a visual anthropometric glossary. Display of the contours boundaries are adjusted by the user moving sagittal, coronal and transverse cutting planes. This paper describes the functionality of the evolving NCV viewer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ressler, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43655-3 PY 2002 BP 588 EP 592 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA BV16A UT WOS:000178013900098 ER PT S AU Matlock, GC AF Matlock, GC BE Lucy, JA Studholme, AL TI Why does marine fisheries management now require releasing caught fish? SO CATCH AND RELEASE IN MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries CY DEC 05-08, 1999 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Natl Sea Grant Off, Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Sportfishing Assoc, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sea Grant Marine Extens, Advisory Program, Billfish Fdn, Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Virginia Marine Resources Commiss, Amer Fishing Tackle Co, Eagle Claw Fishing Tackle, Federat Fly Fishers, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Amer Fly Fishing Tackle Assoc, Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Coatal Conservat Assoc Virginia, Maasachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Texas A & M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Fisherman, TTI True Turn & Daiichi Hooks, Virgina Beachs IGFA Striped Bass World Championship C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 30 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV04Z UT WOS:000177684100003 ER PT S AU Prince, ED Ortiz, M Venizelos, A AF Prince, ED Ortiz, M Venizelos, A BE Lucy, JA Studholme, AL TI A comparison of circle hook and "J" hook performance in recreational catch-and-release fisheries for billfish SO CATCH AND RELEASE IN MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries CY DEC 05-08, 1999 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Natl Sea Grant Off, Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Sportfishing Assoc, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sea Grant Marine Extens, Advisory Program, Billfish Fdn, Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Virginia Marine Resources Commiss, Amer Fishing Tackle Co, Eagle Claw Fishing Tackle, Federat Fly Fishers, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Amer Fly Fishing Tackle Assoc, Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Coatal Conservat Assoc Virginia, Maasachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Texas A & M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Fisherman, TTI True Turn & Daiichi Hooks, Virgina Beachs IGFA Striped Bass World Championship AB This study evaluates the performance of circle and comparable-size "J" hooks on Atlantic and Pacific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and, to a lesser extent, on Pacific blue marlin Makaira nigricans. Terminal gear performances were assessed in terms of fishing success. hook location, and bleeding associated with physical hook damage and trauma. Evaluations of trolling with dead bait took place off Iztapa, Guatemala, during the spring and summer of 1999, and assessment of drifting/kite fishing with live bait took place Off South Florida during the summer of 1999. Three hundred and sixty Pacific sailfish were caught in Iztapa, Guatemala, to assess terminal gear performance; 235 sailfish were on circle hooks, and 125 were on "J" hooks. Circle hooks used on sailfish bad hooking percentages (i.e., fish hooked/fish bite) that were 1.83 times higher compared with "J" hooks. Once the fish were hooked, no difference in catch percentage (i.e., fish caught/fish hooked) between hook types was detected. Significantly more sailfish were hooked in the corner of the Mouth using circle hooks (85%). as compared with "J" hooks (27%). In contrast, significantly more sailfish were deep hooked in the throat and stomach with "J" hooks (46%), as compared with circle hooks (2%). Only one sailfish (1%) was foul hooked using circle hooks. while 11 (9%) sailfish caught on "J" hooks were foul hooked. Sailfish caught on "J" hooks are 21 times more likely to suffer hook-related bleeding than those caught on circle hooks. Seventy-five Atlantic sailfish were caught using circle hooks in the South Florida live bait recreational fishery to assess possible differences in hook performance between circle hooks with and without an offset point. No difference in catch percentage or bleeding was found between circle hooks with no offset, minor offset (about 4 degrees), or severe offset points (about 15 degrees). However, the percentage of deep hooking in the throat and stomach for circle hooks with a severe offset (44%) was comparable to the deep hooking percentage for "J" hooks (46%) used in the Guatemala study. A comparison of circle and "J" hook catch rates of Pacific sailfish and blue marlin, using logbook catch statistics from recreational fishing off Iztapa, Guatemala, was also conducted. In general, use of circle hooks resulted in measures of fishing success that were comparable to or higher than "J" hooks. Circle hooks also minimized deep hooking, foul hooking, and bleeding. Thus, the use of circle hooks has con-(sic). C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 30 BP 66 EP 79 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV04Z UT WOS:000177684100008 ER PT S AU Prince, ED Ortiz, M Venizelos, A Rosenthal, DS AF Prince, ED Ortiz, M Venizelos, A Rosenthal, DS BE Lucy, JA Studholme, AL TI In-water conventional tagging techniques developed by the cooperative tagging center for large, highly migratory species SO CATCH AND RELEASE IN MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries CY DEC 05-08, 1999 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Natl Sea Grant Off, Amer Fisheries Soc, Amer Sportfishing Assoc, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sea Grant Marine Extens, Advisory Program, Billfish Fdn, Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Virginia Marine Resources Commiss, Amer Fishing Tackle Co, Eagle Claw Fishing Tackle, Federat Fly Fishers, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Amer Fly Fishing Tackle Assoc, Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Coatal Conservat Assoc Virginia, Maasachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Texas A & M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Fisherman, TTI True Turn & Daiichi Hooks, Virgina Beachs IGFA Striped Bass World Championship AB The Cooperative Tagging Center (CTC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Southeast Fisheries Science Center operates one of the largest and oldest fish tagging programs of its type in the world. Since 1954, more than 35,000 recreational and commercial fishing constituents have voluntarily participated in the CTC, and this has resulted in tagging more than 245,000 fish of 123 species. Although some tagging activities have been conducted by scientists, most of the tag release and recovery activities were achieved by recreational and commercial fishery constituents. Five large highly migratory species have historically represented the Program's primary target species, including Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus, blue marlin Makaira nigricans, white marlin Tetrapturus albidus, sailfish Istiophorus platypterus, and broadbill swordfish Xiphias gladius. Tagging equipment and procedures for catching, tagging, and resuscitation of species too large to be brought aboard fishing vessels have evolved and improved considerably over the years. This paper presents a review of the development of the most efficient tagging, handling, and dehooking techniques used on a variety of large, highly migratory species in the CTC. In addition, the results of a comparative tag retention study on billfish are presented, comparing stainless steel dart tags used for nearly 30 years with a hydroscopic nylon double-barb dart tag, recently developed in conjunction with The Billfish Foundation. Recommendations Lire made on the best techniques, procedures, and equipment for in-water tagging of large, highly migratory species. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 30 BP 155 EP 171 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV04Z UT WOS:000177684100012 ER PT B AU Brosnan, TM Rosman, L Gumaer, L Jahn, K AF Brosnan, TM Rosman, L Gumaer, L Jahn, K BE Pellei, M Porta, A Hinchee, RE TI Assessment of injuries to natural resources from PCBs in the Hudson River in New York State SO CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL VENICE, ITALY SP Battelle Geneva Res Ctr, Azienda Multiservizi Ambientali Veneziana ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Historic and continuing discharges of PCBs from two industrial plants have contaminated natural resources of the Hudson River for ca. 320 km (200 mi). A natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) has been initiated by three trustee agencies to determine the appropriate type and scale of restoration needed to restore natural resources injured by this contamination. Generally these resources are injured if. 1. the concentration of a hazardous substance exceeds government criteria or standards set to protect the use of the resource by people or wildlife (e.g., exceedance of water quality standards); or 2. the hazardous substance causes a measurable adverse change to the resource (e.g., causing cancer, reproductive, and other effects in biota). Preliminary reviews of available information indicate that: 1. the long-term exceedance of water quality criteria and standards constitutes an injury to water resources; 2. fish have been contaminated for over 25 years, and the resulting issuance of fishing bans and consumption advisories constitutes an injury to the public's use of this resource; and 3. average and maximum PCB concentrations recently measured in various habitats and biota raise concern that adverse effects may be occurring in Hudson River biota. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Brosnan, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-127-2 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BV03U UT WOS:000177665400001 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Mayhew, MP Holden, MJ Vilker, VL AF Reipa, V Mayhew, MP Holden, MJ Vilker, VL TI Redox control of the P450cam catalytic cycle: effects of Y96F active site mutation and binding of a non-natural substrate SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450(CAM); ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENZYME-SYSTEM; PUTIDAREDOXIN; MUTAGENESIS; MUTANTS; SPIN AB Spectroelectrochemistry measurements are used to demonstrate that active site mutation and binding of an non-natural substrate to P450cam (CYP101) reduces the shift in the redox potential caused by substrate-binding, and thereby results in slower catalytic turnover rate relative to wild-type enzyme with the natural camphor substrate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 4 BP 318 EP 319 DI 10.1039/b111436k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 520ZQ UT WOS:000173814000010 PM 12120053 ER PT J AU Zanetti, M Camino, G Canavese, D Morgan, AB Lamelas, FJ Wilkie, CA AF Zanetti, M Camino, G Canavese, D Morgan, AB Lamelas, FJ Wilkie, CA TI Fire retardant halogen-antimony-clay synergism in polypropylene layered silicate nanocomposites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER AB Nanocomposites of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride with organically modified clays have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their combustion behavior has been evaluated using oxygen consumption cone calorimetry. Synergy is observed between the nanocomposite formed and conventional vapor phase fire retardants, such as the combination of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide. The presence of bromine and antimony does not affect the heat release rate curves of the virgin polymer. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. NIST, Fire Sci Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Camino, G (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009; Zanetti, Marco/A-3230-2009 OI Zanetti, Marco/0000-0001-7074-9859 NR 27 TC 181 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1021/cm011124t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514UK UT WOS:000173459300034 ER PT J AU Yang, S Mirau, PA Pai, CS Nalamasu, O Reichmanis, E Pai, JC Obeng, YS Seputro, J Lin, EK Lee, HJ Sun, JN Gidley, DW AF Yang, S Mirau, PA Pai, CS Nalamasu, O Reichmanis, E Pai, JC Obeng, YS Seputro, J Lin, EK Lee, HJ Sun, JN Gidley, DW TI Nanoporous ultralow dielectric constant organosilicates templated by triblock copolymers SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; MESOPOROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS AB Triblock polymers, poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO), are used as molecular templates in poly(methyl silsesquioxane) (MSQ) matrixes to fabricate nanoporous organosilicates for low dielectric constant applications. The results show that aggregation of block copolymers in the MSQ matrix can be prevented with the fast solvent evaporation which accompanies spin casting. Solid-state NMR shows that the triblock copolymer microphase-separates from the MSQ during a curing step, resulting in polymer domain size in the range of 3-15 nm, depending upon the polymer composition and loading percentage. When the films are heated to 500 degreesC, extremely small pores (2-6 nm) are generated, which are studied by small angle neutron scattering and positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. These materials attain ultralow dielectric constants (k approximate to 1.5) with good electrical and mechanical properties. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Agere Syst, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Yang, Shu/D-9758-2011 NR 25 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1021/cm0106901 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514UK UT WOS:000173459300059 ER PT J AU Schmitz, TL Evans, CJ Davies, A Estler, WT AF Schmitz, TL Evans, CJ Davies, A Estler, WT TI Displacement uncertainty in interferometric radius measurements SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 18-24, 2002 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN DE radius measurement; interferometry; uncertainty ID AIR AB Interferometric radius measurements may be completed using a radius bench, where radius is defined as the displacement between the confocal and cat's eye nulls (identified using a figure measuring interferometer). Measurements of a Zerodur sphere have been completed on the X-ray Optics Calibration interferometer (XCALIBIR) and a coordinate measuring machine. Larger recorded disagreements than indicated by the current uncertainty analysis call for an exploration of the analysis model. This paper details uncertainties associated with the use of multiple displacement measuring interferometers (DMIs) to record motion in a single axis by treating the specific case of displacement measurement on XCALIBIR using three DMIs equally spaced around the optical axis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Zygo Corp, Middlefield, CT USA. Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Estler, WT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2002 VL 51 IS 1 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61558-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 570QM UT WOS:000176669000106 ER PT J AU Estler, WT Edmundson, KL Peggs, GN Parker, DH AF Estler, WT Edmundson, KL Peggs, GN Parker, DH TI Large-scale metrology - An update SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 18-24, 2002 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN DE dimensional metrology; distance measurement; measurement uncertainty ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; RADIO TELESCOPE; AIR-TURBULENCE; LASER INTERFEROMETRY; REFLECTOR; CALIBRATION; PRECISION; DISTANCE; TRACKING; ERRORS AB Developments in large-scale engineering metrology since the 1978 report of Puttock are reviewed. Advances in optical technology and fast, low-cost computation have led to wide-spread use of laser trackers and digital photogrammetry for general-purpose coordinate metrology. Techniques for high-accuracy straightness measurement, precision leveling, and absolute distance metrology are described, together with approaches to compensation for the effects of atmospheric refraction. Methods for uncertainty evaluation are discussed and several illustrative examples are presented. C1 Geodet Serv Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Estler, WT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 125 TC 99 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 32 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 587 EP 609 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61702-8 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 627MD UT WOS:000179936100005 ER PT J AU Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE AF Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE TI STOIC: a study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ENSO SIGNAL; GCM; ATLANTIC AB We describe the behaviour of 23 dynamical ocean-atmosphere models, in the context of comparison with observations in a common framework. Fields of tropical sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind stress and upper ocean vertically averaged temperature (VAT) are assessed with regard to annual mean, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability characteristics. Of the participating models, 21 are coupled GCMs. of which 13 use no form of flux adjustment in the tropics. The models vary widely in design, components and purpose: nevertheless several common features are apparent. In most models without flux adjustment, the annual mean equatorial SST in the central Pacific is too cool and the Atlantic zonal SST gradient has the wrong sign. Annual mean wind stress is often too weak in the central Pacific and in the Atlantic, but too strong in the west Pacific. Few models have an upper ocean VAT seasonal cycle like that observed in the equatorial Pacific. Interannual variability is commonly too weak in the models: in particular, wind stress variability is low in the equatorial Pacific. Most models have difficulty in reproducing the observed Pacific 'horseshoe' pattern of negative SST correlations with interannual Nino3 SST anomalies, or the observed Indian-Pacific lag correlations. The results for the fields examined indicate that several substantial model improvements are needed, particularly with regard to surface wind stress. C1 Meteorol Off, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. LODYC, ISPL, Paris, France. Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Ctr Clim Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Earth Frontier Res Syst, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Davey, MK (reprint author), Meteorol Off, London Rd, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. RI Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Flato, Gregory/K-6711-2015; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016; Chen, Dake/E-7082-2011; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016; Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623; Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330; Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 NR 47 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s00382-001-0188-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 528GN UT WOS:000174236200004 ER PT J AU O'Connell, CD Atha, DH Jakupciak, JP Richie, KI AF O'Connell, CD Atha, DH Jakupciak, JP Richie, KI TI Standardization of PCR amplification for fragile X trinucleotide repeat measurements SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE 4, fragile X syndrome; human inherited disease; PCR amplification; slab-PAGE and capillary electrophoresis; trinucleotide repeat measurements ID TRIPLET REPEATS; DISEASE GENES; DNA; CTG; INSTABILITY; EXPANSION; GENOTYPE AB To provide the clinical diagnostics community with accurate protocols and measurements for the detection of genetic disorders, we have established a quantitative measurement program for trinucleotide repeats associated with human disease. In this study, we have focused on the triplet repeat associated with fragile X syndrome. Five cell lines obtained from the Coriell Cell Repository were analyzed after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and size separation. These cell lines were reported to contain CGG repeat elements (ranging from 29 to I 10 repeats). Our initial measurements focused on measurement variability: (a) between slab-PAGE and capillary (CE) separation systems (b) interlane variability (slab-PAGE) (c) intergel variability, and (d) variability associated with amplification. Samples were run in triplicate for all measurements, and the analysis performed using GeneScan(TM) analysis software. The repeat sizes were verified by DNA sequence analyzes. The standard deviations for interlane measurements in slab-gels ranged from 0.05 to 0.35. There was also little variation in size measurements performed on different gels and among PCR amplifications. The CGG repeat measurements performed by capillary electrophoresis were more precise, with standard deviations ranging from 0.02 to 0.29. The slab-PAGE and CE size measurements were in agreement except for the pre-mutation alleles, which yielded significantly smaller sizes by CE. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DNA Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Specialty Labs, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP O'Connell, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DNA Technol Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610103.x PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 538RK UT WOS:000174828700006 PM 11903349 ER PT J AU Thomson, R Levine, LE Shim, Y Savage, MF Kramer, DE AF Thomson, R Levine, LE Shim, Y Savage, MF Kramer, DE TI A multi-scale theoretical scheme for metal deformation SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRAIN PERCOLATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATIONS; BOUNDARIES AB A conceptual theoretical scheme for single crystal metal deformation is presented consisting of multi-scale models from dislocation dynamics to the continuum constitutive relations. The scheme rests on the fundamental observations that deformation is characterized by partially ordered internal dislocation wall structures, discontinuous strain bursts in time, and strain localization in a surface slip band structure. A percolation strain model corresponds to elementary slip line burst events, with percolation parameters to be supplied from experiments and dislocation dynamics studies of wall structures. A model for localization of the slip lines into bands is proposed (for suitable loadings) which envisions channels for slip formed from the dense planar walls (otherwise called GNB's). A rudimentary continuum model is constructed from the outputs of these models which consists of two principal internal variables, and exhibits the desired hardening behavior with strain. The continuum model is based on two different material properties in the slip bands, and in the matrix between the bands. The scheme does not yet include mechanisms for the underlying dislocation ordering or patterning, but addresses the transport of dislocations through these (presumably known) structures. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Thomson, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 546QM UT WOS:000175284900009 ER PT J AU Rumminger, MD Linteris, GT AF Rumminger, MD Linteris, GT TI The role of particles in the inhibition of counterflow diffusion flames by iron pentacarbonyl SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NONPREMIXED FLAMES; CHEMICAL INHIBITION; PREMIXED FLAMES; METHYL-BROMIDE; EXTINCTION; METHANE; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; LIGHT; CF3BR AB Laser light scattering and thermophoretic sampling have been used to investigate particle formation in counterflow diffusion flames inhibited by iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)(5). Three CH4-O-2-N-2 reactant mixtures are investigated, with Fe(CO)5 added to the fuel or the oxidizer stream in each. Flame calculations that incorporate only gas-phase chemistry are used to assist in interpretation of the experimental results. In flames with the inhibitor added on the flame side of the stagnation plane, the region of particle formation overlaps with the region of high H-atom concentration, and particle formation may interfere with the inhibition chemistry. When the inhibitor is added on the non-flame side of the stagnation plane, significant condensation of metal or metal oxide particles is found, and implies that particles prevent active inhibiting species from reaching the region of high radical concentration. As the inhibitor loading increases, the maximum scattering cross section increases sharply, and the difference between the measured and predicted inhibition effect widens, suggesting that particle formation is the cause of the deviation. Laser-based particle size measurements and thermophoretic sampling in low strain rate flames show that the particles have diameters between 10 nm and 30 nm. Thermophoresis affects the nanoparticle distribution in the flames, in some cases causing particles to cross the stagnation plane. The scattering magnitude in the counterflow diffusion flames appears to be strongly dependent on the residence time, and relatively independent of the peak flame temperature. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov RI Linteris, Gregory/B-9769-2013 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00341-8 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 518HM UT WOS:000173661900010 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Parnas, RS Sourlas, DD AF Dunkers, JP Flynn, KM Parnas, RS Sourlas, DD TI Model-assisted feedback control for liquid composite molding SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE thermosetting resin; ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); cure; liquid composite molding ID CURE PROCESS; EPOXY-RESIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSOR; POLYMER AB A model-assisted feedback control algorithm, a type of generic model control, is implemented to control cure in resin transfer molding. This control algorithm calculates an apparent temperature of reaction based on the cure data input form a sensor, and this temperature is used to compare the actual rate of reaction to the desired rate and to calculate the mold set-point temperature. The model input into the control algorithm is an empirical cure model of a pre-ceramic polymer with an Arrhenius, temperature dependence from 55 to 95 degreesC. In this work, the effect of varying control parameters is evaluated through cure simulations and experiments. Also, the effect of noise on the controller robustness is evaluated through simulation and experiment. Control parameters are evaluated for 55 and 95 degreesC. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sourlas, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, 143 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 841 EP 854 AR PII S1359-835X(02)00027-1 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00027-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 565BH UT WOS:000176347800008 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM He, JM AF Chiang, MYM He, JM TI An analytical assessment of using the losipescu shear test for hybrid composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hybrid; carbon and glass fibers; fracture; finite element analysis; iosipescu v-notch shear test ID IOSIPESCU SPECIMEN AB A theoretical evaluation of the applicability of the Iosipescu test (v-notch shear test) has been conducted for hybrid composites having unidirectional glass and carbon fiber tows that are intimately mixed, instead of being arranged in separate lamina. The v-notch specimen of hybrid composites was analyzed using the finite element method based on the fiber tow properties to evaluate the effect of varied microstructures in hybrids on the shear stress and strain states. The analyses were conducted to determine how closely the test would meet the requirement of an ideal shear test that there should be pure and uniform stress and strain distributions in the test region. The study shows that, theoretically, the v-notch test can be used to determine the shear modulus of the hybrid composites studied when it is correctly used. However, practically, premature failures caused by the stress concentrations near the notch roots can make the test undesirable for determining the shear strength of the hybrid composite. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NASDA, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 461 EP 470 AR PII S1359-8368(02)00022-7 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00022-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 593VD UT WOS:000178013800005 ER PT S AU Mitchell, WF AF Mitchell, WF BE Sloot, P Tan, CJK Dongarra, JJ Hoekstra, AG TI The design of a parallel adaptive multi-level code in Fortran 90 SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE-ICCS 2002, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY APR 21-24, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, SHARCNET, Canada, Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Power Comp & Commun BV, Elsevier Sci Publ, Springer Verlag, HPCN Fdn, Natl Supercomp Facilities, Sun Microsyst Inc, Queens Univ, Sch Comp Sci ID REFINEMENT; PARTITION; GRIDS AB Software for the solution of partial differential equations using adaptive refinement, multi-level solvers and parallel processing is complicated and requires careful design. This paper describes the design of such a code, PHAML. PHAML is written in Fortran 90 and makes extensive use of advanced Fortran 90 features, such as modules, optional arguments and dynamic memory, to provide a clean object-oriented design with a simple user interface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43594-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2331 BP 672 EP 680 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26D UT WOS:000181351200070 ER PT B AU Fanney, AH Dougherty, BP Davis, MW AF Fanney, AH Dougherty, BP Davis, MW GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance and characterization of building integrated photovoltaic panels SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Buildings consume more than two-thirds of the electricity in the United States. The incorporation of photovoltaics into buildings, referred to as building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), offers an aesthetically pleasing means of displacing centrally located utility generated power with distributed renewable energy. Building integrated photovoltaics replace conventional building elements such as roof tiles, asphalt shingles, facade elements, and shading devices with photovoltaic modules that perform the same functions but also provide electrical power. A barrier to BIPV implementation is the lack of validated predictive tools to quantify the achievable energy savings. Building owners, architects, and designers need these predictive tools in order to make informed decisions about the economic viability of a proposed BIPV project. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is providing high quality experimental data for the development, validation, and improvement of computer simulation tools.. Among the computer simulation tools available for predicting the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems are IV Curve Tracer, developed by Sandia National Laboratories [1]. and PHANTASM, authored by the University of Wisconsin [2]. This paper describes NIST's BIPV "test bed", a facility that is used to measure the annual performance of different types of BIPV panels. Measurements are presented that compare the performance of four different cell technologies and document the effect of installing thermal insulation at the interior surface of BIPV panels. The annual performance of each BIPV panel is evaluated relative to its performance. at standard rating conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Heat Transfer & Alternat Energy Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fanney, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Heat Transfer & Alternat Energy Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1493 EP 1496 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190893 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600368 ER PT B AU Davis, MW Fanney, AH Dougherty, BP AF Davis, MW Fanney, AH Dougherty, BP GP IEEE IEEE TI Evaluating building integrated photovoltaic performance models SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID MODULES AB Predictive performance tools could accelerate the implementation of building integrated photovoltaics (BIRV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to improve and validate previously developed computer simulation tools with experimental data collected in a building integrated photovoltaic "test bed." Twelve months of performance data has been collected for. BIPV panels using four different cell technologies: crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and triple-junction amorphous. Two panels using each cell technology were present, one without-any insulation attached to its rear surface and one with insulation attached to its rear surface. Two predictive performance tools were investigated: IV Curve Tracer, a photovoltaic model developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and PHANTASM, a BIPV predictive tool developed by the Solar Energy. Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin. The performance data associated,with the eight panels in the BIPV "test bed", along with meteorological data, was compared to the predictions of,the SNL. and PHANTASM models. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1642 EP 1645 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190931 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600406 ER PT J AU Berube, M Urban, J Dizon, AE Brownell, RL Palsboll, PJ AF Berube, M Urban, J Dizon, AE Brownell, RL Palsboll, PJ TI Genetic identification of a small and highly isolated population of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review DE California; conservation unit; genetic divergence; individual-based genealogy; management; North Pacific ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SPERM WHALES; NUCLEAR; WORLDWIDE; PRIMERS AB For many years, researchers have speculated that fin whales are year-round residents in the Sea of Cortez (= Gulf of California). Previous work by Berube and co-workers has shown that the degree of genetic diversity among fin whales in the Sea of Cortez at nuclear and mitochondrial loci is highly reduced. However, the relatively unobstructed connection with the North Pacific Ocean argues that Sea of Cortez fin whales are part of a much larger eastern North Pacific population given the extensive migratory ranges observed in fin whales and baleen whales in general. The low degree of genetic variation might thus simply be due to historic fluctuations in the effective population size of an eastern North Pacific population. In order to test if the reduced genetic variation detected among fin whales in the Sea of Cortez is due to small population size or a past bottleneck in an otherwise large eastern North Pacific population, we analyzed the geographic distribution of genetic variation at a single mitochondrial (control region) and 16 nuclear loci in samples collected from fin whales in the eastern North Pacific (n = 12) as well as the Sea of Cortez (n = 77). Our results showed that fin whales observed in the Sea of Cortez constitute a highly isolated and thus evolutionary unique population, which warrants special conservation measures given the current low estimate of abundance of approximately 400 individuals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23081, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. RP Berube, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, ESPM, Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Palsboll, Per /G-6988-2011 OI Palsboll, Per /0000-0002-4198-7599 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1015224730394 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 588DK UT WOS:000177685600009 ER PT J AU Wang, SZ Hard, JJ Utter, F AF Wang, SZ Hard, JJ Utter, F TI Genetic variation and fitness in salmonids SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Review DE conservation; diversity; heritability; heterozygosity; inbreeding ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SUPERIOR DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA WALBAUM; SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; ENZYME HETEROZYGOSITY; CONSERVATION GENETICS; PINK SALMON AB Over the last quarter century, many studies have attempted to clarify the relationship between genetic variability and fitness, but few of these have involved salmonid fishes. Examination of studies of salmonids reveals that such a relationship varies both among and within species. A correlation between genetic variability and fitness can be affected by genetic background, environment, and age, and it also depends upon the genetic markers and phenotypes evaluated. The relationships between molecular genetic variation, quantitative genetic variation, and phenotypic variation may be more relevant to conservation issues than those between genetic variation and average fitness or performance. Consequently, future work in salmonids should include more intensive investigation of the correspondence of molecular genetic variation within and among populations to quantitative genetic and phenotypic variation for traits affecting fitness. In the absence of a more complete understanding of the relationship between genetic variation and fitness, maintenance of genetic and phenotypic variation within and among conspecific populations should be considered a primary goal of conserving salmonid fishes. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, SZ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.hard@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 132 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1019925910992 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 588UD UT WOS:000177718900010 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Wood, BE AF Linsky, JL Wood, BE TI Deuterium abundance in the local ISM SO COSMIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GHRS OBSERVATIONS; D/H RATIO; HST-GHRS; SIRIUS-A; SIGHT; HYDROGEN; CAPELLA; CLOUDS; LINES AB Excellent HST/GHRS spectra of interstellar hydrogen and deuterium Lyman-alpha absorption toward nearby stars allow us to identify systematic errors that have plagued earlier work and to measure accurate values of the D/H ratio in local interstellar gas. Analysis of 12 sightlines through the Local Interstellar Cloud leads to a mean value of D/H = (1.50 +/- 0.10) X 10(-5) with all data points lying within +/-1sigma of the mean. Deciding whether or not the D/H ratio has different values elsewhere in the Galaxy and beyond will be one of the major objectives of the FUSE mission. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 IS 187 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU60Y UT WOS:000176502200008 ER PT B AU Stevens, BG AF Stevens, BG BE Paul, AJ Dawe, EG Elner, R Jamieson, GS Kruse, GH Otto, RS SainteMarie, B Shirley, TC Woodby, D TI Checklist of Alaskan crabs SO CRABS IN COLD WATER REGIONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMICS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crabs in Cold Water Regions CY JAN 17-20, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn C1 Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-077-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2002 VL 19 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV60H UT WOS:000179482700002 ER PT B AU Stevens, BG AF Stevens, BG BE Paul, AJ Dawe, EG Elner, R Jamieson, GS Kruse, GH Otto, RS SainteMarie, B Shirley, TC Woodby, D TI Molting of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) observed by time-lapse video in the laboratory SO CRABS IN COLD WATER REGIONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMICS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crabs in Cold Water Regions CY JAN 17-20, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; LOBSTER; RHYTHM; GROWTH AB Molting of six red king crabs was observed and recorded on time-lapse video in January 2000. Three molted during daytime, and three at night under dark red light. A suite of 16 behaviors were exhibited during the 6 hours prior to and one hour after molting, including two behaviors not previously observed: body shaking and leg pumping. During leg pumping, the crab alternately contracted and extended the legs causing the new exoskeleton to bend and fold, thus shortening the legs to enable their extraction from the old exoskeleton. Average time required for ecdysis, from splitting the carapace to complete extrication, was, 0.34 hour (20 minutes, 17 seconds). C1 Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-077-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2002 VL 19 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV60H UT WOS:000179482700005 ER PT B AU Otto, RS Pengilly, D AF Otto, RS Pengilly, D BE Paul, AJ Dawe, EG Elner, R Jamieson, GS Kruse, GH Otto, RS SainteMarie, B Shirley, TC Woodby, D TI Spatiotemporal trends in tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) size at maturity SO CRABS IN COLD WATER REGIONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMICS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crabs in Cold Water Regions CY JAN 17-20, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn ID BERING-SEA; OPILIO AB The Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, is widely distributed on the continental shelf and slope of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Commercially important concentrations occur around the Pribilof Islands and in Bristol Bay. Two distinct management areas, divided at 167.25degreesW, have been advocated based on a discontinuity in the east-to-west trend of decreasing size at maturity for female crabs observed during 1975-1979 summer trawl surveys. This division would separate Pribilof Islands from Bristol Bay grounds. Genetic sampling of isozymes supported a two-stock hypothesis, but the latter was too sparse to establish whether a cline, as opposed to a discontinuity, exists. We examine latitudinal, longitudinal, and depth-related trends in size at maturity for female and male Tanner crabs collected in trawl surveys of the EBS during the summers of 1975-2000. The 1975-2000 data show a clinal trend in size at maturity related to depth and variation in regional size at maturity trends across survey years that do not support a two-stock hypothesis. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Otto, RS (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 1638, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-077-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2002 VL 19 BP 339 EP 349 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV60H UT WOS:000179482700026 ER PT B AU Stevens, BG AF Stevens, BG BE Paul, AJ Dawe, EG Elner, R Jamieson, GS Kruse, GH Otto, RS SainteMarie, B Shirley, TC Woodby, D TI Survival of Tanner crabs tagged with floy tags in the laboratory SO CRABS IN COLD WATER REGIONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMICS SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crabs in Cold Water Regions CY JAN 17-20, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn AB Floy tags were tested for long-term tagging of Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, in the laboratory. "T"-bar type tags with tapered shoulders were inserted to the epimeral line of 40 mature female Tanner crabs, and 39 control crabs were marked with leg bands. Crabs were maintained in the laboratory for IS months. No Floy tags were lost, but mortality of tagged crabs was significantly higher than that of controls during the first 3 months. Tags often penetrated the hepatopancreas or ovary causing formation of a necrotic melanized knot around the tag base. Median survival time was 72 days for tagged crabs and 244 days for control crabs. Field programs of crab tagging should employ parallel controlled studies to determine appropriate rates of tag loss and induced mortality. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-077-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2002 VL 19 BP 551 EP 559 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV60H UT WOS:000179482700040 ER PT B AU Moles, A Stone, RP AF Moles, A Stone, RP BE Paul, AJ Dawe, EG Elner, R Jamieson, GS Kruse, GH Otto, RS SainteMarie, B Shirley, TC Woodby, D TI Habitat preferences of juvenile tanner and red king crabs: Substrate and crude oil SO CRABS IN COLD WATER REGIONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMICS SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crabs in Cold Water Regions CY JAN 17-20, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; SEDIMENTS; SPILL; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Behavioral preference tests were used to determine whether sediment selection played a role in habitat choice in juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and how oil pollution might alter sediment preferences. In the absence of oil, 2-year-old juvenile red king crabs preferred a bryozoan-hydroid assemblage or cobble over shale, shell hash, sand, or mud. Sand was chosen <3% of the time and mud was never selected. juvenile Tanner crabs selected bryozoan-hydroid assemblages or buried in either sand or mud and avoided the larger-grain substrates. In oil experiments using three sediment types (mud, sand, cobble), grain size was often more important in sediment selection than the presence or absence of contaminants. If the preferred sediment type was oiled and the alternative sediment was unoiled but of smaller grain size, both species selected the preferred sediment. Red king crabs avoided sediments containing 500-800 mug per g total hydrocarbons if unoiled sediment of the same or larger grain size was available. Addition of oil to the unpreferred sediment increased selection of preferred sediment. In contrast, the Tanner crabs selected fine-grained sediments whether oil was present or not. The lack of avoidance by crabs at concentrations <500 mug per g may lead to long-term exposure to contaminated sediment in areas where benthic sediments are chronically polluted. C1 Alaska Fisherie Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Moles, A (reprint author), Alaska Fisherie Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM adam.moles@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ALASKA SEA GRANT PI FAIRBANKS PA POB 755040, 205 ONEILL BLDG, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA BN 1-56612-077-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2002 VL 19 BP 631 EP 644 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV60H UT WOS:000179482700045 ER PT S AU Kaplan, SG Thomas, ME AF Kaplan, SG Thomas, ME BE Heaney, JB Burriesci, LG TI Measurement of the o-ray and e-ray infrared refractive index and absorption coefficient of sapphire from 10 K to 295 K SO CRYOGENIC OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments IX CY JUL 08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE sapphire; index of refraction; absorption coefficient; thermo-optic coefficient ID SILICON AB We present the results of index of refraction and absorption coefficient measurements of high-quality optical grade sapphire over the 1850 cm(-1) to 10000 cm(-1) wavenumber range and temperatures from 10 K to 295 K. The refractive index is determined by a combination of room-temperature minimum-deviation prism measurements at 2950 cm(-1) and temperature-dependent high-resolution transmission measurements of a 1 mm thick etalon sample from the same batch of material. A Brewster-angle polarizer with an extinction ratio of <10(-5) is used for polarization selection. The uncertainties in the fringe-counting method are analyzed. The temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient is compared with the predictions of a multi-phonon model for sapphire. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaplan, SG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4590-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4822 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.451770 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV91M UT WOS:000180378400005 ER PT J AU Vogt, RF Marti, G Gaigalas, A AF Vogt, RF Marti, G Gaigalas, A TI Standard reference materials and NCCLS guidelines for quantitative fluorescence calibration SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400313 ER PT J AU Marti, GE Zenger, VE Vogt, R Gaigalas, A AF Marti, GE Zenger, VE Vogt, R Gaigalas, A TI Quantitative flow cytometry: history, practice, theory, consensus, inter-laboratory variation and present status SO CYTOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biannual Conference on Applications of Flow Cytometry in Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation CY JUN, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID FLUORESCENCE CALIBRATION C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Marti, GE (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1465-3249 J9 CYTOTHERAPY JI Cytotherapy PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1080/146532402317251626 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 541MJ UT WOS:000174988100014 PM 11953051 ER PT B AU Galtier, V Mills, K Carlinet, Y AF Galtier, V Mills, K Carlinet, Y GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Modeling CPU demand in heterogeneous active networks SO DARPA ACTIVE NETWORKS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition (DANCE) CY MAY 29-30, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Defense Adv Res Projects Agcy, Adv Technol Off AB Active-network technology envisions deploying execution environments in network elements so that application-specific processing can be applied to network traffic. To provide safety and efficiency, individual nodes must include mechanisms to manage resource use. This implies nodes must understand resource demands associated with specific traffic. Well-accepted metrics exist for expressing bandwidth (bits per second) and memory (bytes) in units independent of particular nodes. Unfortunately, no well-accepted, platform-independent metric exists to express processing demands. This paper describes and evaluates an approach to model processing demand for active packets in a form interpretable among heterogeneous nodes in an active network The paper applies the model in two applications: (1) controlling CPU use and (2) predicting CPU demand. The model yields improved performance when compared against the approach currently used in many execution environments. The paper also discusses the limits of the proposed model, and outlines future research that might lead to improved outcomes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Galtier, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmills@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1564-9 PY 2002 BP 511 EP 533 DI 10.1109/DANCE.2002.1003517 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU68J UT WOS:000176704300036 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF Kessler, WS AF Cronin, MF Kessler, WS TI Seasonal and interannual modulation of mixed layer variability at 0 degrees, 110 degrees W SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE diurnal variations; diurnal thermocline; surface mixed layer; seasonal variations; El Nino; temperature inversions ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; HEAT-BALANCE; DIURNAL CYCLE; BARRIER-LAYER; PART II; FLUXES; DECADE AB Long, high resolution time series from the 0 degrees, 110 degreesW tropical atmosphere ocean mooring in the eastern equatorial Pacific are used to analyze how warm and cold phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the annual cycle modulate the near-surface stratification and sea-surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle. During the annual warm season (February-April), when solar warming is large and wind mixing weak, the isothermal-mixed layer depth (MLDT) is shallow (typically 10 in deep) and the 1 m SST diurnal cycle amplitude is large (typically up to 0.4 degreesC). Likewise during the remainder of the year when SST is generally cool, typically the diurnal cycle amplitude is less than 0.2 degreesC and the isothermal-mixed layer is deeper than 20 m. Thus, annual variations in wind and insolation, which lead to an annual cycle in SST, also cause annual modulation of the SST diurnal cycle and near-surface stratification, consistent with one-dimensional mixed layer physics. However, on interannual time scales, mixed layer physics are more complicated. In particular, the diurnal cycle amplitude and MLDT anomalies are out of phase with the SST anomalies. MLDT is anomalously deep and the SST diurnal cycle amplitude is anomalously low during the warm phase of ENSO. On these longer timescales, MLDT tends to be strongly influenced by thermocline-depth variability. In addition, salinity stratified barrier layers large enough to support temperature inversions were often observed at 0 degrees, 110 degreesW during the final stage of El Ninos. As SST rose above 28.5 degreesC during the final stage of the 1997-1998 El Nino, a regime shift was observed, with large temperature inversions, a relative increase in SST diurnal cycle amplitude, and large variability in the mixed-layer depth. It is likely that barrier layers (inferred from temperature inversions) allowed warm conditions to remain, even as the thermocline and mixed-layer depths shoaled. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00043-7 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 506CY UT WOS:000172953400001 ER PT J AU Davis, RW Ortega-Ortiz, JG Ribic, CA Evans, WE Biggs, DC Ressler, PH Cady, RB Leben, RR Mullin, KD Wursig, B AF Davis, RW Ortega-Ortiz, JG Ribic, CA Evans, WE Biggs, DC Ressler, PH Cady, RB Leben, RR Mullin, KD Wursig, B TI Cetacean habitat in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE USA; Gulf of Mexico; aquatic mammals; cetaceans; aquatic environment; habitat ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SPERM WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS; DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; WARM-CORE RING; OF-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES; ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; WESTERN GULF; GEORGES BANK AB Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are diverse and abundant upper trophic level predators in the Gulf of Mexico, a semi-enclosed, intercontinental sea with a total area of about 1.5 million km(2). The objectives of this study were to better define the habitat of cetaceans in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico. An integrated methodology was used that included visual surveys and hydrographic collections from ships. Near real-time sea surface altimetry from the TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS satellites was used during ship surveys to determine the location of hydrographic features (e.g., cyclones, anticyclones and confluence zones). Archival satellite sea surface altimetry data were also used to retrospectively determine the location of hydrographic features for analysis with earlier cetacean sightings. We estimated zooplankton and micronekton biomass using both net and acoustic sampling to indicate the amount of potential food available for higher trophic level foraging by cetaceans. Nineteen cetacean species were identified during ship surveys. Cetaceans were concentrated along the continental slope in or near cyclones and the confluence of cyclone-anticyclone eddy pairs, mesoscale features with locally concentrated zooplankton and micronekton stocks that appear to develop in response to increased nutrient-rich water and primary production in the mixed layer. A significant relationship existed between integrated zooplankton biomass and integrated cephalopod paralarvae numbers, indicating that higher zooplankton and micronekton biomass may correlate with higher concentrations of cetacean prey. In the north-central Gulf, an additional factor affecting cetacean distribution may be the narrow continental shelf south of the Mississippi River delta. Low salinity, nutrient-rich water may occur over the continental slope near the mouth of the Mississippi (MOM) River or be entrained within the confluence of a cyclone-anticyclone eddy pair and transported beyond the continental slope. This creates a deep-water environment with locally enhanced primary and secondary productivity and may explain the presence of a resident, breeding population of sperm whales within 100 km of the Mississippi River delta. Overall, the results suggest that the amount of potential prey for cetaceans may be consistently greater in the cyclone, confluence areas, and south of the MOM, making them preferential areas for foraging. However, this may not be true for bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic spotted dolphins and possibly Bryde's whales, which typically occur on the continental shelf or along the shelf break outside of major influences of eddies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Labs 226, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RI Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010 OI Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515 NR 62 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 121 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00035-8 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 506CY UT WOS:000172953400008 ER PT J AU Bullister, JL Wisegarver, DP Menzia, FA AF Bullister, JL Wisegarver, DP Menzia, FA TI The solubility of sulfur hexafluoride in water and seawater SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE solubility; dissolved gases; tracers; gas solubility; sulfur hexafluoride; Lake Washington ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRACER; OCEAN; SF6; SEA; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; ATLANTIC; TRENDS; LAKE AB The concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the atmosphere has been rapidly increasing during the past several decades. This long-lived compound enters the surface ocean by air-sea gas exchange and is potentially a very useful transient tracer for studying ocean circulation and mixing. SF6 has also been directly injected into the ocean at a minimal number of locations as a part of deliberate tracer release experiments to study gas exchange and sub-surface mixing rates. In this study, laboratory measurements of the solubility of SF6 in water and seawater were made over the temperature range of similar to -0.5 degreesC to 40 degreesC. Volumes of water and seawater held at constant temperature in glass chambers were equilibrated with a gas mixture containing SF6 and CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) at parts-per-trillion levels in nitrogen. Small volume water samples were analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography. Using the method of least squares, equations previously used in describing gas solubility as a function of temperature and salinity were fit to the SF6 and CFC-12 measurements. The CFC-12 results were in good agreement with previous work, while substantial differences were found between these SF6 results and those reported in earlier studies. The mean error for the analytical measurements is estimated to be similar to0.5%. Based on errors in the fits and the analytical errors, we estimate the overall accuracy of the SF6 solubility function to be of the order of 2%. The results from this work should be useful in determining equilibrium concentrations for SF6 in ocean observation and modeling studies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bullister, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 41 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00051-6 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 506CY UT WOS:000172953400011 ER PT J AU Lamb, MF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Key, RM Johnson, GC Millero, FJ Lee, K Peng, TH Kozyr, A Bullister, JL Greeley, D Byrne, RH Chipman, DW Dickson, AG Goyet, C Guenther, PR Ishii, M Johnson, KM Keeling, CD Ono, T Shitashima, K Tilbrook, B Takahashi, T Wallace, DWR Watanabe, YW Winn, C Wong, CS AF Lamb, MF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Key, RM Johnson, GC Millero, FJ Lee, K Peng, TH Kozyr, A Bullister, JL Greeley, D Byrne, RH Chipman, DW Dickson, AG Goyet, C Guenther, PR Ishii, M Johnson, KM Keeling, CD Ono, T Shitashima, K Tilbrook, B Takahashi, T Wallace, DWR Watanabe, YW Winn, C Wong, CS TI Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO2 survey data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; WATER COLUMN; INORGANIC CARBON; SEAWATER MEDIA; MARINE; ACID; CALIBRATION AB Between 1991 and 1999, carbon measurements were made on twenty-five WOCE/JGOFS/OACES cruises in the Pacific Ocean. Investigators from 15 different laboratories and four countries analyzed at least two of the four measurable ocean carbon parameters (DIC, TAlk, fCO(2), and pH) on almost all cruises. The goal of this work is to assess the quality of the Pacific carbon survey data and to make recommendations for generating a unified data set that is consistent between cruises. Several different lines of evidence were used to examine the consistency, including comparison of calibration techniques, results from certified reference material analyses, precision of at-sea replicate analyses, agreement between shipboard analyses and replicate shore based analyses, comparison of deep water values at locations where two or more cruises overlapped or crossed, consistency with other hydrographic parameters, and internal consistency with multiple carbon parameter measurements. With the adjustments proposed here, the data can be combined to generate a Pacific Ocean data set., with over 36,000 unique sample locations analyzed for at least two carbon parameters in most cases. The best data coverage was for DIC, which has an estimated overall accuracy of similar to3 mu mol kg(-1). TAlk, the second most common carbon parameter analyzed, had an estimated overall accuracy of similar to 5 mu mol kg(-1). To obtain additional details on this study, including detailed crossover plots and information on the availability of the compiled, adjusted data set, visit the Global Data Analysis Project web site at: http://cdiac.esd.oml.gov/oceans/glodap. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. US DOE, BNL, Upton, NY 11971 USA. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama 2368648, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Abiko, Chiba 2701194, Japan. Antarctic CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. CSIRO, Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Natl Inst Resources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00093-5 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 507CE UT WOS:000173008600002 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, A Brown, CW Hood, RR Carpenter, EJ Capone, DG AF Subramaniam, A Brown, CW Hood, RR Carpenter, EJ Capone, DG TI Detecting Trichodesmium blooms in SeaWiFS imagery SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIAZOTROPHIC CYANOBACTERIA TRICHODESMIUM; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION; OCEAN; NM AB A multispectral classification scheme was developed to detect the cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. in satellite data of the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS). The criteria for this scheme were established from spectral characteristics derived from (1) SeaWiFS imagery of a Trichodesmium bloom located in the South Atlantic Bight and (2) modeled remote sensing reflectances of Trichodesmium and other phytoplankton. The classification scheme, which is valid for moderate chlorophyll concentrations of Trichodesmium in coastal waters, is based on the magnitude of the 490-channel reflectance and the spectral shape of remote sensing reflectance at 443, 490 and 555 urn. Analysis suggests that the spatial structure of Trichodesmium populations at sub-pixel scales must be considered when employing spectral characteristics to detect their presence in satellite imagery. This study demonstrates the potential of mapping Trichodesmium from space using spectral observations, even in waters as optically complex as the South Atlantic Bight. Future efforts, which will incorporate ancillary data such as wind speeds and water temperature, will improve the likelihood of correct identification. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Wrigley Inst Environm Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Subramaniam, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013; OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; Subramaniam, Ajit/0000-0003-1316-5827 NR 26 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 507CE UT WOS:000173008600005 ER PT J AU Chereskin, TK Wilson, WD Beal, LM AF Chereskin, TK Wilson, WD Beal, LM TI The Ekman temperature and salt fluxes at 8 degrees 30 ' N in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 southwest monsoon SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOMALI CURRENT; SUMMER MONSOON; HEAT-TRANSPORT; INDIAN-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; 10-DEGREES-N; BALANCE; PACIFIC; EDDIES; MODEL AB The Arabian Sea Ekman transport is an important component of the meridional overturning circulation of the Indian Ocean. Chereskin et al. (Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 2541) presented direct estimates of the Ekman transport across latitude 8degrees30'N in the Arabian Sea for June and September during the 1995 southwest monsoon. In this paper, we use these measurements to determine the Ekman depth and the resultant heat and salt fluxes. In June, at the monsoon onset, the Ekman temperature and salt fluxes were estimated to be southward, 2.4 +/- 0.4 PW and 0.71 +/- 0.1 x 10(9) kg s(-1). The transport-weighted Ekman temperature and salinity were 29.0 +/- 0.5degreesC and 35.31 +/- 0.03 psu, not significantly different from surface values, 29.2degreesC and 35.28 psu, respectively. In September at the end of the monsoon, the Ekman temperature and salt fluxes had decreased in magnitude but were still southward, 0.77 +/- 0.4 PW and 0.27 +/- 0.1 x 10(9) kg s(-1). The transport-weighted temperature, 25.8 +/- 0.5degreesC, was 1.1degreesC colder than the surface value, and the transport-weighted salinity, 35.83 +/- 0.03 psu, was not significantly different from the surface value of 35.86 psu. For this pair of sections, the top of the pycnocline appeared to be a better approximation for the Ekman depth than either the mixed layer or a fixed depth, and our estimates of the Ekman heat and salt fluxes were integrated from the surface to the top of the pycnocline. Although uncertainty in the Ekman mass transport dominates the error in the Ekman heat and salt fluxes, determining the Ekman depth is also important in estimating the Ekman contribution to the heat budget of the tropical Indian Ocean. A decrease in Ekman temperature by 1.1degreesC resulted in a 5% decrease in the temperature transport estimated for September. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33124 USA. RP Chereskin, TK (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 1211 EP 1230 AR PII S0967-0645(01)00168-0 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00168-0 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 546QG UT WOS:000175284400004 ER PT J AU Warren, BA Johnson, GC AF Warren, BA Johnson, GC TI The overflows across the Ninetyeast Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; HYDROGRAPHIC SECTION; DEEP-WATER; OUTFLOW AB Water deeper than, say, 3800 m in the Central Indian Basin comes from the West Australian Basin across deep saddles on the Ninetyeast Ridge near Lats. 5degreesS, 10degreesS. and 28degreesS. The WOCE Hydrographic Program in the Indian Ocean (1994-1996) provided opportunities for more detailed measurements of water properties in these overflows than any made earlier. With zero-velocity surfaces inferred from contrasts in oxygen and silicic-acid concentrations and from distributions of specific-volume anomaly, geostrophic estimates of these overflow rates are, respectively, 1.0, 1.1, and 0.1 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) (westward). These constructions also imply strong zonal flows of mid-depth water (between 2000 db and the zero-velocity surfaces) through the passages: 2.2 and 6.7 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) westward at Lats. 5degreesS and 10degreesS, respectively, and 1.8 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) eastward at Lat. 28degreesS. As in the southward flow through Denmark Strait, density stratification explains the splitting of westward currents at 5degreesS and 10degreesS into mid-depth and deep flows as they pass over their saddles (but not why such vertically extended flows should exist in the first place). The cause of opposed eastward flow at 28degreesS is less certain, but might be related to the particular geometry of the West Australian Basin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Phys Oceanog Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Warren, BA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Phys Oceanog Dept, Clark 325A MS 21, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 1423 EP 1439 AR PII S0967-0645(01)00156-4 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00156-4 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 546QG UT WOS:000175284400014 ER PT J AU DiMarco, SF Chapman, P Nowlin, WD Hacker, P Donohue, K Luther, M Johnson, GC Toole, J AF DiMarco, SF Chapman, P Nowlin, WD Hacker, P Donohue, K Luther, M Johnson, GC Toole, J TI Volume transport and property distributions of the Mozambique Channel SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; EAST MADAGASCAR CURRENT; SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; AGULHAS CURRENT SYSTEM; RIDGE CURRENT; WATER; MODEL; HEAT; STRATIFICATION; RETROFLECTION AB We summarize previous estimates of volume transport and property distributions through the Mozambique Channel and offer additional estimates and measurements based on recently acquired hydrographic and float data. Previously published property distributions are consistent with southward spreading through the Channel. Waters of the Mozambique Channel are characterized by shallow and inter-mediate oxygen minima separated by a relative maximum. Based on hydrographic sections, the intermediate maximum in dissolved oxygen is seen to decrease in value as it spreads southward. The highest values are found in the westward flow of the South Equatorial Current just north of Madagascar and within the western 200 km of the Channel. Similarly, oxygen concentrations at the inter-mediate oxygen minimum, which derives from the Arabian Sea, increase southwards, while its depth increases from 900 to I 100 m, supporting previous studies and indicating southward spreading and mixing along the Mozambique Channel. Historical transports based on hydrographic data in the Channel vary from 5 Sv northward to 26 Sv southward depending on reference level and time of the year. Balancing transport below 2500 m (the sill depth in the Channel), we estimate the net southward transports above this depth to be 29.1 and 5.9 Sv for the northern and southern sections, respectively-the difference is presumably related to seasonality and eddy variability superimposed on the mean flow. Individual deep float trajectories show the presence of many eddies, but the overall flow in the channel is southward, and broadly consistent with hydrography. Model outputs also show mean southward transport with considerable seasonal variability. Satellite data show high variability in sea surface height anomalies and high eddy kinetic energy associated with eddy activity. Although the geostrophic transport values are consistent with the historical limits, the lowered ADCP measurements suggest a substantial barotropic component to the flow. Direct long-term measurements of the current are needed to quantify its magnitude and variability. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP DiMarco, SF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI DiMarco, Steven/D-3650-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Chapman, Piers/C-7449-2013; OI DiMarco, Steven/0000-0002-4394-9094; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Chapman, Piers/0000-0003-0952-9392 NR 70 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 1481 EP 1511 AR PII S0967-0645(01)00159-X DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00159-X PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 546QG UT WOS:000175284400017 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Sutherland, SC Sweeney, C Poisson, A Metzl, N Tilbrook, B Bates, N Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA Sabine, C Olafsson, J Nojiri, Y AF Takahashi, T Sutherland, SC Sweeney, C Poisson, A Metzl, N Tilbrook, B Bates, N Wanninkhof, R Feely, RA Sabine, C Olafsson, J Nojiri, Y TI Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO(2), and seasonal biological and temperature effects SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Climatic Changes and the Cycle of Carbon CY JUL 08-12, 2000 CL BREST, FRANCE ID NORTH PACIFIC; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; ANTARCTIC OCEAN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SARGASSO SEA; VARIABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; SINKS; MODEL AB Based on about 940,000 measurements of surface-water pCO(2) obtained since the International Geophysical Year of 1956-59, the climatological, monthly distribution of PCO2 in the global surface waters representing mean non-El Nino conditions has been obtained with a spatial resolution of 4degrees x 5degrees for a reference year 1995. The monthly and annual net sea-air CO2 flux has been computed using the NCEP/NCAR 41-year mean monthly wind speeds. An annual net uptake flux Of CO2 by the global oceans has been estimated to be 2.2 (+ 22% or -19%) Pg C yr(-1) using the (wind speed)(2) dependence of the CO2 gas transfer velocity of Wanninkhof (J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992) 7373). The errors associated with the wind-speed variation have been estimated using one standard deviation (about+/-2ms(-1)) from the mean monthly wind speed observed over each 4degrees x 5degrees pixel area of the global oceans. The new global uptake flux obtained with the Wanninkhof (wind speed)2 dependence is compared with those obtained previously using a smaller number of measurements, about 250,000 and 550,000, respectively, and are found to be consistent within+/-0.2Pg C yr(-1). This estimate for the global ocean uptake flux is consistent with the values of 2.0 +/- 0.6 Pg C yr(-1) estimated on the basis of the observed changes in the atmospheric CO2 and oxygen concentrations during the 1990s (Nature 381 (1996) 218; Science 287 (2000) 2467). However, if the (wind speed)(3) dependence of Wanninkhof and McGillis (Res. Lett. 26 (1999) 1889) is used instead, the annual ocean uptake as well as the sensitivity to wind-speed variability is increased by about 70%. A zone between 40degrees and 60degrees latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres is found to be a major sink for atmospheric CO2. In these areas, poleward-flowing warm waters meet and mix with the cold subpolar waters rich in nutrients. The pCO(2) in the surface water is decreased by the cooling effect on warm waters and by the biological drawdown of pCO(2) in subpolar waters. High wind speeds over these low pCO(2) waters increase the CO2 uptake rate by the ocean waters. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Biogeochim & Chim Marines, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Antarctic CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. CSIRO, Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, Ferry Reach GE 01, Bermuda. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Iceland, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Global Warming Mechanism Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010 OI Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195 NR 48 TC 889 Z9 921 U1 22 U2 185 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9-10 BP 1601 EP 1622 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00003-6 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 558XB UT WOS:000175992000002 ER PT J AU Hitchcock, GL Lane, P Smith, S Luo, JG Ortner, PB AF Hitchcock, GL Lane, P Smith, S Luo, JG Ortner, PB TI Zooplankton spatial distributions in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea, August, 1995 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MESOPELAGIC FISH; INDIAN-OCEAN; PLANKTON; VARIABILITY; PATCHINESS; ABUNDANCE; AVOIDANCE; ATLANTIC AB The spatial distribution of zooplankton biomass was surveyed in coastal waters of the northern Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon (August) on cruise MB 95-06 of the NOAA Ship Malcolm Baldrige. Vertical patterns of displacement volumes from a limited set of paired day-night MOCNESS tows suggest there was little diel vertical migration in the coastal waters off the southern Arabian Peninsula. Zooplankton biomass varied from 5.2 to 15.1 g dw m(-2) (178-517mM Cm-2) in the upper 200-300m of Omani coastal waters. Distributions of acoustic backscatter were mapped in eight daytime acoustic Doppler current profiler transects in coastal waters off Oman and Somalia. Several transects contained maxima in acoustic backscatter that coincided with cool, fresh surface features that were several tens of kilometers wide. Although there was considerable scatter in the relationship between acoustically determined biomass (ADB) of zooplankton and surface temperature, there was a trend of increased biomass in the cool surface temperatures of the Omani upwelling zone. Acoustic transects crossed two filaments that extended seaward from upwelling centers off Oman and Somalia. Estimated zooplankton ADB exported from the upwelling zones in the surface features was on the order of 300 kg dw s(-1). The physical and biological characteristics of filaments maintain zooplankton associated with upwelling areas, such as Calanoides carinatus, as they are advected offshore from coastal upwelling zones. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hitchcock, GL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2403 EP 2423 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00042-5 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00042-5 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 567PQ UT WOS:000176493600008 ER PT J AU Le Borgne, R Feely, RA Mackey, DJ AF Le Borgne, R Feely, RA Mackey, DJ TI Carbon fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: a synthesis of the JGOFS programme SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO CONDITIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; IRON FERTILIZATION; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; EXPORT FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; WESTERN; OCEAN; CO2 AB This paper synthesizes published results on the carbon cycle of the equatorial Pacific which accounts for a major fraction of the net exchange Of CO2 between the atmosphere and the oceans. Most of the CO2 evasion takes place in the upwelling-influenced region in the eastern Pacific, while atmospheric and sea-surface partial pressures of CO, are near equilibrium in the warm pool, located to the west. Large changes in the surface area of the upwelling region, which occur as a result of the ENSO (El Ni (n) over tildeo-Southern Oscillation) phenomenon, account for up to 70% of the interannual variability in the net air-sea flux Of CO2. On average, the export of biological production, which is approximately the same as new primary production, is similar to that Of CO2 evasion (0.8-1.OPg Cyr(-1)), but there is less temporal variability due to the very slow uptake of new macronutrients in the equatorial ecosystem. As in other tropical ecosystems, both the warm pool and upwelling areas are characterized by: (i) the dominance of picophytoplankton, and (ii) the steady state, achieved by the balance between predation and growth. In addition to the basic tropical population of nano- and picoplankton, larger phytoplankton are more abundant in the nutrient-replete waters of the upwelling region with the result that biomass, mean organism size and export fluxes are greater than in the nutrient-depleted waters of the warm pool. However, the difference in export flux of carbon between the two regions is rather modest (2-4 fold per unit area) because of the limitation of primary production in the upwelling zone by iron and, possibly, other nutrients. The latter is a typical HNLC (high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll) zone with very low rates of uptake of macronutrients and an essentially constant export flux of carbon due to the 'biological pump. This general pattern is temporarily disturbed by the passage of equatorial Kelvin waves and tropical instability waves (TIW) in the upwelling region through horizontal advection and possible inputs of micronutrients from the deeper layers. Finally, low-frequency variations on decadal time scales could influence the values of the CO2 evasion and the 'biological pump'. Studying their impact will require long-term monitoring. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr IRD Noumea, Noumea, New Caledonia. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. CSIRO, Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Le Borgne, R (reprint author), Ctr IRD Noumea, BP A5, Noumea, New Caledonia. NR 97 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13-14 BP 2425 EP 2442 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00043-7 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00043-7 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 568FJ UT WOS:000176531500001 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Boutin, J Cosca, CE Dandonneau, Y Etcheto, J Inoue, HY Ishii, M Le Quere, C Mackey, DJ McPhaden, M Metzl, N Poisson, A Wanninkhof, R AF Feely, RA Boutin, J Cosca, CE Dandonneau, Y Etcheto, J Inoue, HY Ishii, M Le Quere, C Mackey, DJ McPhaden, M Metzl, N Poisson, A Wanninkhof, R TI Seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the equatorial Pacific SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SURFACE PARTIAL-PRESSURE; JANUARY-MARCH 1991; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PCO(2) MEASUREMENTS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA AB As part of the JGOFS field program, extensive CO2 partial-pressure measurements were made in the atmosphere and in the surface waters of the equatorial Pacific from 1992 to 1999. For the first time, we are able to determine how processes occurring in the western portion of the equatorial Pacific impact the sea-air fluxes Of CO2 in the central and eastern regions. These 8 years of data are compared with the decade of the 1980s. Over this period, surface-water pCO(2) data indicate significant seasonal and interannual variations. The largest decreases in fluxes were associated with the 1991-94 and 1997-98 El Ni (n) over tildeo events. The lower sea-air CO2 fluxes during these two El Ni (n) over tildeo periods were the result of the combined effects of interconnected large-scale and locally forced physical processes: (1) development of a low-salinity surface cap as part of the formation of the warm pool in the western and central equatorial Pacific, (2) deepening of the thermocline by propagating Kelvin waves in the eastern Pacific, and (3) the weakening of the winds in the eastern half of the basin. These processes serve to reduce pCO(2) values in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific towards near-equilibrium values at the height of the warm phase of ENSO. In the western equatorial Pacific there is a small but significant increase in seawater pCO(2) during strong El Ni (n) over tildeo events (i.e., 1982-83 and 1997-98) and little or no change during weak El Ni (n) over tildeo events (1991-94). The net effect of these interannual variations is a lower-than-normal CO2 flux to the atmosphere from the equatorial Pacific during El Ni (n) over tildeo. The annual average fluxes indicate that during strong El Ni (n) over tilde os the release to the atmosphere is 0.2-0.4 Pg C yr(-1) compared to 0.8-1.0 Pg C yr-1 during non-El Ni (n) over tildeo years. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IRD, UMR 7617,LODYC, Paris, France. Meteorol Res Inst, Geochem Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. CSIRO, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Paris 06, Phys & Chim Marines Lab, CNRS, IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Yoshikawa, Hisayuki/A-4056-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Yoshikawa, Hisayuki/0000-0002-9936-2188; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 92 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13-14 BP 2443 EP 2469 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00044-9 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00044-9 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 568FJ UT WOS:000176531500002 ER PT J AU Dugdale, RC Wischmeyer, AG Wilkerson, FP Barber, RT Chai, F Jiang, MS Peng, TH AF Dugdale, RC Wischmeyer, AG Wilkerson, FP Barber, RT Chai, F Jiang, MS Peng, TH TI Meridional asymmetry of source nutrients to the equatorial Pacific upwelling ecosystem and its potential impact on ocean-atmosphere CO(2) flux; a data and modeling approach SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; SILICATE; IRON; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISTRIBUTIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; EQPAC; SYSTEM; 140-DEGREES-W AB Si(OH)(4), NO(3), and TCO(2) are shown to be distributed asymmetrically in a north/south direction about the equatorial Pacific using data from WEPOCS III and JGOFS EqPac cruises. Equatorial SiOH(4) concentrations are shown to be the product of both geochemical and physical interactions with chemical processes, occurring in at least three regions remote from the equatorial Pacific, and physical delivery processes from the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) to the surface layer varying over a range of time scales. The EUC was partitioned into upper and lower portions, the upper providing source water to the central upwelling area and the lower crossing the Pacific without upwelling and thought to reenter the surface along the coast of Peru and to the eastern equatorial upwelling area. The source waters from the North Pacific, the north equatorial countercurrent (NECC) and from the South Pacific, the New Guinea coastal undercurrent (NGCUC) also were partitioned according to source for the upper and lower EUC. Mean concentrations and ranges of nutrients for each source partition were obtained from field data. Current flow and advective data output from a 3-D physical model were used with the field nutrient data to calculate nutrient fluxes into the EUC. Although the inflow of water from the north and south were approximately equal, the stronger asymmetric distribution of Si(OH)(4) compared to NO(3) resulted in identifying the South Pacific source as only 30% of the total supply of Si(OH)(4) to the EUC and the cause of a low Si(OH)(4):NO(3) condition. These results suggest a coupling between Southern Ocean productivity, equatorial productivity, and the efflux Of CO(2) to the atmosphere from the equatorial upwelling system. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, NSOE, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dugdale, RC (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM rdugdale@sfsu.edu; awischme@AWI-bremerhaven.de; fwilkers@sfsu.edu; rbarber@duke.edu; fchai@maine.edu; jiang@athena.umeoce.maine.edu; peng@aoml.noaa.gov NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13-14 BP 2513 EP 2531 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00046-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00046-2 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 568FJ UT WOS:000176531500004 ER PT J AU Chai, F Dugdale, RC Peng, TH Wilkerson, FP Barber, RT AF Chai, F Dugdale, RC Peng, TH Wilkerson, FP Barber, RT TI One-dimensional ecosystem model of the equatorial Pacific upwelling system. Part I: model development and silicon and nitrogen cycle SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; 140 DEGREES W; EL-NINO; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; TROPICAL PACIFIC; IRON LIMITATION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; BIOGENIC SILICA AB A one-dimensional ecosystem model was developed for the equatorial Pacific upwelling system, and the model was used to study nitrogen and silicon cycle in the equatorial Pacific. The ecosystem model consisted of 10 components (nitrate, silicate, ammonium, small phytoplankton, diatom, micro- and meso-zooplankton, detrital nitrogen and silicon, and total CO(2)). The ecosystem model was forced by the area-averaged (5degreesS-5degreesN, 90degreesW-180degrees, the Wyrtki Box) annual mean upwelling velocity and vertical diffusivity obtained from a three-dimensional circulation model. The model was capable of reproducing the low-silicate, high-nitrate, and low-chlorophyll (LSHNLC) conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The linkage to carbon cycle was through the consumption of assimilated nitrate and silicate (i.e. new productions). Model simulations demonstrated that low-silicate concentration in the equatorial Pacific limits production of diatoms, and it resulted in low percentage of diatoms, 16%, in the total phytoplankton biomass. In the area of 5degreesS-5degreesN and 90degreesW-180degrees, the model produced an estimated sea-to-air CO(2) flux of 4.3 Mol m(-2) yr(-1), which is consistent with the observed results ranging of 1.0-4.5 mol m(-2) yr(-1). The ammonium inhibition played an important role in determining the nitrogen cycle in the model. The modeled surface nitrate concentration could increase by a factor of 10 (from 0.8 to 8.0 mmol m(-3)) when the strength of the ammonium inhibition increased from psi = 1.0 to 10.0 (mmol m(-3))(-1). The effects of both micro- and meso-zooplankton grazing were tested by varying the micro- and meso-zooplankton maximum grazing rates, G1(max) and G2(max). The modeled results were quite sensitive to the zooplankton grazing parameters. The current model considered the role of iron implicitly through the parameters that determine the growth rate of diatoms. Several iron-enrichment experiments were conducted by changing the parameter a (the initial slope of the photosynthetic rate over irradiance at low irradiance), K(Si(OH)4) (half-saturation concentration of silicate uptake by diatom), and mu2(max), (the potential maximum specific diatom growth rate) in the regulation terms of silicate uptake by diatom. Within the first 5 days in the modeled iron-enrichment experiment, the diatom biomass increased from 0.08 to 2.5 mmol m(-3), more than a factor of 30 increase. But the diatom populations crashed 2 weeks after the experiment started, due to exhaustion of available silicate and increased mesozooplankton. population. The modeled iron-enrichment experiments produced several ecological behaviors similar to these observed during the IronEx-2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Duke Univ, NSOE, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Chai, F (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5471 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM fchai@maine.edu; rdugdale@sfsu.edu; peng@aoml.noaa.gov; fwilkers@sfsu.edu; rbarber@duke.edu NR 87 TC 148 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13-14 BP 2713 EP 2745 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00055-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00055-3 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 568FJ UT WOS:000176531500013 ER PT J AU Dugdale, RC Barber, RT Chai, F Peng, TH Wilkerson, FP AF Dugdale, RC Barber, RT Chai, F Peng, TH Wilkerson, FP TI One-dimensional ecosystem model of the equatorial Pacific upwelling system. Part II: sensitivity analysis and comparison with JGOFS EqPac data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; IRON; PHYTOPLANKTON; SILICATE; OCEAN; 150-DEGREES-W; VARIABILITY; LIMITATION; BIOMASS; NITRATE AB A one-dimensional model of the equatorial Pacific upwelling ecosystem that incorporates two phytoplankton components, two grazers, and three nutrients, Si(OH)(4), NO3, and NH4 (Chai et al., Deep-Sea Research II (2002) 2713-2745), was designed to consider the effects of Si(OH)4 limitation on the diatom growth and ecosystem functioning. Model output was obtained for a range of source concentrations of Si(OH)(4), 3-15 mmol m(-3), coinciding with the range measured at 120 m depth during JGOFS EqPac. NO3 Was held at 12 mmol m(-3), reflecting the relatively greater concentrations of NO3 compared to Si(OH)(4) in the JGOFS data. The model was shown to function as a chemostat-like system with the loss rates, provided largely from zooplankton grazing, controlling growth rates of the phytoplankton. When different source concentrations of Si(OH)4 were applied, surface concentrations Of Si(OH)4 varied within a narrow range compared to NO3 as would occur in a chemostat with limiting Si(OH)4 and non-limiting NO3 in the feed water. Vertical profiles of nutrients compared well with field data. Model results are compared with field data for new and total nitrogen production and export of N, Si, and C, and with other models, although none consider Si(OH)(4) specifically. The model suggests that the stability of the equatorial system with its narrow range of biological and chemical variables is conferred by the action of diatoms providing food for mesozooplankton whose grazing also depletes the picoplankton. Diatoms increase with source Si(OH)4 concentrations, and picoplankton population and NO3 consumption decrease, resulting in a maximum surface TCO2 and increased CO2 flux to the atmosphere at intermediate source Si(OH)(4) concentrations. Diatoms function in the equatorial system as a silica pump to export silica. This means that sedimented biogenic silica under the equatorial upwelling area should be viewed as an amplifier of changes in surface properties, with important consequences to paleoequatorial productivity. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, NSOE, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dugdale, RC (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 13-14 BP 2747 EP 2768 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00056-5 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00056-5 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 568FJ UT WOS:000176531500014 ER PT J AU Zeng, JY Nojiri, Y Murphy, PP Wong, CS Fujinuma, Y AF Zeng, JY Nojiri, Y Murphy, PP Wong, CS Fujinuma, Y TI A comparison of Delta pCO(2) distributions in the northern North Pacific using results from a commercial vessel in 1995-1999 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE; CO2 UPTAKE; OCEAN; FLUX; ATLANTIC; PCO(2); SINK AB Monthly distribution maps of DeltapCO(2) (oceanic pCO(2) minus atmospheric pCO(2)) in the northern North Pacific were constructed based on observations from a commercial vessel in March 1995-1999. These maps clearly show the seasonal progression of DeltapCO(2) for the entire region. The results were compared with those of Takahashi et at. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 94 (1997) 8292), who derived global DeltapCO(2) distributions using a different data set and method of interpolation. The annual mean difference between the two sets of DeltapCO(2) is 3 muatm, much smaller than the annual mean DeltapCO(2) of -14 muatm obtained by this study. However, monthly mean differences can be as large as the annual mean DeltapCO(2), and the monthly difference in individual 4degrees x 5degrees boxes can be as large as 70 muatm. There is no grid box that shows consistently large or small differences throughout the year. We also compared CO2 fluxes estimated from the two different sets of DeltapCO(2) but the same set of wind, sea-surface temperature and salinity. Both studies find that the northern North Pacific is a small sink for carbon (-0.26 Gt C yr(-1), this study; and -0.33 Gt C yr(-1), Takahashi et al., 1997). Monthly fluxes based on the two data sets show larger differences, especially in spring and autumn. Further observations will help to reduce the difference in calculating monthly DeltapCO(2) distributions by different interpolation algorithms and, therefore, improving the estimation Of CO2 fluxes in the northern North Pacific. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Global Environm Forum, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Zeng, JY (reprint author), Global Environm Forum, 16-Z Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RI Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010 OI Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 24-25 BP 5303 EP 5315 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00192-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00192-3 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 611GP UT WOS:000179008300002 ER PT J AU Macklin, SA Hunt, GL Overland, JE AF Macklin, SA Hunt, GL Overland, JE TI Collaborative research on the pelagic ecosystem of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; OCEAN AB Two Bering Sea marine research programs collaborated during the final years of the 1990s to forge advances in understanding the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem. Southeast Bering Sea Carrying Capacity, sponsored by NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, investigated processes on the middle and outer shelf and the continental slope. The Inner Front Program, sponsored by NSF, investigated processes of the inner domain and the front between the inner and middle domains. The purposes of these programs were to (1) increase understanding of the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem, including the roles of juvenile walleye pollock, (2) investigate the hypothesis that elevated primary production at the inner front provides a summer-long energy source for the food web, and (3) develop and test annual indices of pre-recruit pollock abundance. The observations occurred during a period of unusually large variability in the marine climate, including a possible regime shift. Sea-ice cover ranged from near zero to one of the heaviest ice years in recent decades. Sea-surface temperatures reached record highs during summer 1997, whereas 1999 was noted for its low Bering Sea temperatures. Moreover, the first recorded observations of coccolithophore blooms on the shelf were realized in 1997, and these blooms now appear to be persistent. The programs' results include an archive of physical and biological time series that emphasize large year-to-year regional variability, and an Oscillating Control Hypothesis that relates marine productivity to climate forcing. Further investigations are needed of the confluences of interannual and even intra-seasonal variability with low-frequency climate variability as potential producers of major, abrupt changes in the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Macklin, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5813 EP 5819 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00320-X DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00320-X PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400003 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Stabeno, P Walters, G Sinclair, E Brodeur, RD Napp, JM Bond, NA AF Hunt, GL Stabeno, P Walters, G Sinclair, E Brodeur, RD Napp, JM Bond, NA TI Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS AB We propose a new hypothesis, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), which predicts that pelagic ecosystem function in the southeastern Bering Sea will alternate between primarily bottom-up control in cold regimes and primarily top-down control in warm regimes. The timing of spring primary production is determined predominately by the timing of ice retreat. Late ice retreat (late March or later) leads to an early, ice-associated bloom in cold water (e.g., 1995, 1997, 1999), whereas no ice, or early ice retreat before mid-March, leads to an open-water bloom in May or June in warm water (e.g., 1996, 1998, 2000). Zooplankton populations are not closely coupled to the spring bloom, but are sensitive to water temperature. In years when the spring bloom occurs in cold water, low temperatures limit the production of zooplankton, the survival of larval/juvenile fish, and their recruitment into the populations of species of large piscivorous fish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). When continued over decadal scales, this will lead to bottom-up limitation and a decreased biomass of piscivorous fish. Alternatively, in periods when the bloom occurs in warm water, zooplankton populations should grow rapidly, providing plentiful prey for larval and juvenile fish. Abundant zooplankton will support strong recruitment of fish and will lead to abundant predatory fish that control forage fish, including, in the case of pollock, their own juveniles. Piscivorous marine birds and pinnipeds may achieve higher production of young and survival in cold regimes, when there is less competition from large piscivorous fish for coldwater forage fish such as capelin (Mallotus villosus). Piscivorous seabirds and pinnipeds also may be expected to have high productivity in periods of transition from cold regimes to warm regimes, when young of large predatory species of fish are numerous enough to provide forage. The OCH predicts that the ability of large predatory fish populations to sustain fishing pressure will vary between warm and cold regimes. The OCH points to the importance of the timing of ice retreat and water temperatures during the spring bloom for the productivity of zooplankton, and the degree and direction of coupling between zooplankton and forage fish. Forage fish (e.g., juvenile pollock, capelin, Pacific herring [Clupea pallasii]) are key prey for adult pollock and other apex predators. In the southeastern Bering Sea, important changes in the biota since the mid-1970s include a marked increase in the biomass of large piscivorous fish and a concurrent decline in the biomass of forage fish, including age-1 walleye pollock, particularly over the southern portion of the shelf. Populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and seabirds such as kittiwakes (Rissa spp.) at the Pribilof Islands have declined, most probably in response to a diminished prey base. The available evidence suggests that these changes are unlikely the result of a decrease in total annual new primary production, though the possibility of reduced post-bloom production during summer remains. An ecosystem approach to management of the Bering Sea and its fisheries is of great importance if all of the ecosystem components valued by society are to thrive. Cognizance of how climate regimes may alter relationships within this ecosystem will facilitate reaching that goal. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM glhunt@uci.edu; stabeno@pmel.noaa.gov; gary.walters@noaa.gov; beth.sinclair@noaa.gov; rick.brodeur@noaa.gov; jeff.napp@noaa.gov; bond@pmel.noaa.gov OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 146 TC 337 Z9 348 U1 3 U2 120 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5821 EP 5853 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00321-1 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00321-1 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400004 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Bond, NA Adams, JM AF Overland, JE Bond, NA Adams, JM TI The relation of surface forcing of the Bering Sea to large-scale climate patterns SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; MULTIPLE FLOW REGIMES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; TEMPERATURE-FIELDS; CIRCULATION; SEASONALITY; PERSISTENCE; VARIABILITY; SIGNATURE; ANOMALIES AB Climate fluctuations, or modes, are largely manifested in terms of coherent, large-scale (similar to 3000 km) patterns of anomalous sea-level pressure or geopotential height at various altitudes. It is worthwhile to investigate how these modes relate to the specific processes associated with atmospheric forcing of the ocean, in this case for the southeast Bering Sea. This approach has been termed "downscaling." Climate-scale patterns in this study are derived from covariance-based empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of low-pass filtered (10-day cut-oft) 700-mb geopotential height fields for 1958-1999. By design, this EOF analysis elicits sets of patterns for characterizing the variability in the large-scale atmospheric circulation centered on the Bering Sea. Four modes are considered for each of three periods, January-March, April-May, and June-July. These modes are compared with atmospheric circulation patterns formed by compositing 700-mb height anomalies based on the individual elements constituting the local forcing, i.e. the surface heat and momentum fluxes. In general, different aspects of local forcing are associated with different climate modes. In winter, the modes dominating the forcing of sea-ice include considerable interannual variability, but no discernible long-term trends. A prominent shift did occur around 1977 in the sign of a winter mode resembling the Pacific North American pattern; this mode is most significantly related to the local wind-stress curl. In spring, forcing of currents and stratification are related to the two leading climate modes, one resembling the North Pacific (NP) pattern and one reflecting the strength of the Aleutian low; both exhibit long-term trends with implications for the Bering Sea. In summer, an NP-like mode and a mode featuring a center over the Bering Sea include long-term trends with impacts on surface heating and wind mixing, respectively. Rare events, such as a persistent period of strong high pressure or a major storm, also can dominate the summer Bering Sea forcing in particular years. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5855 EP 5868 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00322-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00322-3 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400005 ER PT J AU Kachel, NB Hunt, GL Salo, SA Schumacher, JD Stabeno, PJ Whitledge, TE AF Kachel, NB Hunt, GL Salo, SA Schumacher, JD Stabeno, PJ Whitledge, TE TI Characteristics and variability of the inner front of the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; GEORGES BANK; TIDAL FRONTS; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; STRATIFICATION; CIRCULATION; SUMMER AB The inner front of the southeastern Bering Sea shows marked spatial variability in frontal characteristics created by regional differences in forcing mechanisms. Differences in forcing mechanisms (sea ice advance/retreat and storm strength and timing) and early spring water properties result in strong interannual variability in biological, chemical, and physical features near the front. We have developed a simple model based on surface heat flux and water-column mixing to explain the existence of cold belts (Cont. Shelf Res. 19(14) (1999) 1833) associated with such fronts. Hydrography, fluorescence and nutrient observations show that pumping of nutrients into the euphotic zone occurs, and this can prolong primary production at the inner front. The effectiveness of this process depends on two factors: the existence of a reservoir of nutrients in the lower layer on the middle shelf and the occurrence of sufficient wind and tidal energy to mix the water column. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Studies Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Two Crow Environm Inc, Silver City, NM 88062 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Univ Washington, Joint Inst Studies Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nkachel@pmel.noaa.gov OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 37 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5889 EP 5909 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00324-7 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00324-7 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400007 ER PT J AU Reed, RK Stabeno, PJ AF Reed, RK Stabeno, PJ TI Surface heat fluxes and subsurface heat content at a site over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, May-July 1996 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; PACIFIC; BUDGET AB Observations from a surface mooring, in a weak-flow regime over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, were used to derive surface heat fluxes for the period May-July 1996. Changes in heat content of the water column also were determined from subsurface temperature measurements. Agreement of net surface heat flux and change in heat content was within 2%. This result provides additional evidence that heat advection and diffusion are small in this region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Reed, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5911 EP 5917 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00325-9 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00325-9 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400008 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Reed, RK Napp, JM AF Stabeno, PJ Reed, RK Napp, JM TI Transport through Unimak Pass, Alaska SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; SHELF AB We examined inflow through Unimak Pass (< 200 m deep), which is the only major connection between the shelves of the North Pacific Ocean and the eastern Bering Sea. Geostrophic transport was generally northward from the Gulf of Alaska into the Bering Sea. The flow through the pass appeared to be modulated by the seasonal cycle of freshwater discharge. On shorter time scales, transport also was affected by semi-daily variations in tidal mixing. This effect was significant and not anticipated. Near-bottom currents, measured from moorings, were maximum during winter, and significantly correlated (r = 0.7) with the alongshore winds. Although the flow through Unimak Pass transported some nutrients from the North Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Alaska shelf is not the major source of nutrients to the Bering Sea shelf. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5919 EP 5930 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00326-0 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00326-0 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400009 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Kachel, NB Sullivan, M Whitledge, TE AF Stabeno, PJ Kachel, NB Sullivan, M Whitledge, TE TI Variability of physical and chemical characteristics along the 70-m isobath of the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHELF; CIRCULATION AB From observations of ice cover, temperature, salinity, currents and nitrate, it is evident that along-shelf variability was significant over the middle shelf of the eastern Bering Sea, but less distinct than that observed in the cross-shelf domains. Along the 70-m isobath, three zones were evident in the summer: the southeastern cold pool (centered at similar to 57degreesN); an intermediate zone, consisting of warmer water, with weaker stratification; and the northern cold pool, extending northward from 58degreesN. Small-scale (similar to 20 km) horizontal features that persisted for months were common. Nutrient concentrations were related to salinity and were replenished more uniformly over the southern shelf, than north of the Pribilof Islands. Although mean currents were weak (similar to 1 cm s(-1)), short energetic advective events impacted the temperature and salinity structure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Studies, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5931 EP 5943 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00327-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00327-2 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400010 ER PT J AU Hermann, AJ Stabeno, PJ Haidvogel, DB Musgrave, DL AF Hermann, AJ Stabeno, PJ Haidvogel, DB Musgrave, DL TI A regional tidal/subtidal circulation model of the southeastern Bering Sea: development, sensitivity analyses and hindcasting SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL; OF-ALASKA SHELF; ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS; CHUKCHI SEAS; FLOW; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; STRAIT AB A regional eddy-resolving primitive equation circulation model was used to simulate circulation on the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) shelf and basin. This model resolves the dominant observed mean currents, eddies and meanders in the region, and simultaneously includes both tidal and subtidal dynamics. Circulation, temperature, and salinity fields for years 1995 and 1997 were hindcast, using daily wind and buoyancy flux estimates, and tidal forcing derived from a global model. This paper describes the development of the regional model, a comparison of model results with available Eulerian and Lagrangian data, a comparison of results between the two hindcast years, and a sensitivity analysis. Based on these hindcasts and sensitivity analyses, we suggest the following: (1) The Bering Slope Current is a primary source of large (similar to 100 km diameter) eddies in the SEBS basin. Smaller meanders are also formed along the 100 m isobath on the southeastern shelf, and along the 200-m isobath near the shelf break. (2) There is substantial interannual variability in the statistics of eddies within the basin, driven by variability in the strength of the ANSC. (3) The mean flow on the shelf is not strongly sensitive to changes in the imposed strength of the ANSC; rather, it is strongly sensitive to the local wind forcing. (4) Vertical mixing in the SEBS is strongly affected by both tidal and subtidal dynamics. Strongest mixing in the SEBS may in fact occur between the 100- and 400-m isobaths, near the Pribilof Islands, and in Unimak Pass. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hermann, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5945 EP 5967 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00328-4 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00328-4 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400011 ER PT J AU Napp, JM Baier, CT Brodeur, RD Coyle, KO Shiga, N Mier, K AF Napp, JM Baier, CT Brodeur, RD Coyle, KO Shiga, N Mier, K TI Interannual and decadal variability in zooplankton communities of the southeast Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM; POPULATIONS; SALMON; OCEAN AB The southeastern Bering Sea shelf ecosystem is an important fishing ground for fin- and shellfish, and is the summer foraging grounds for many planktivorous seabirds and marine mammals. In 1997 and 1998, Northern Hemisphere climate anomalies affected the physical and biological environment of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. The resulting anomalous conditions provided a valuable opportunity to examine how longer-term climate change might affect this productive ecosystem. We compared historical and recent zooplankton biomass and species composition data for the southeastern Bering Sea shelf to examine whether or not there was a response to the atmosphere-ocean-ice anomalies of 1997 and 1998. Summer zooplankton biomass (1954-1994) over the southeastern shelf did not exhibit a decline as previously reported for oceanic stations. In addition, zooplankton biomass in 1997 and 1998 was not appreciably different from other years in the time series. Spring concentrations of numerically abundant copepods (Acartia spp., Calanus marshallae, and Pseudocalanus spp.), however, were significantly higher during 1994-1998 than 1980-1981; spring concentrations of Metridia pacifica and Neocalanus spp. were not consistently different between the two time periods. Neocalanus spp. was the only taxon to have consistent differences in stage composition between the two time periods-CV copepodites were much more prevalent in May of the 1990s than early 1980s. Since relatively high zooplankton concentrations were observed prior to 1997, we do not attribute the high concentrations observed in the summers of 1997 and 1998 directly to the acute climate anomalies. With the present data it is not possible to distinguish between increased production (control from below) and decreased predation (control from above) to explain the recent increase in concentrations of the species examined. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan. RP Napp, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 67 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 5991 EP 6008 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00330-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00330-2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400013 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Wilson, MT Ciannelli, L Doyle, M Napp, JM AF Brodeur, RD Wilson, MT Ciannelli, L Doyle, M Napp, JM TI Interannual and regional variability in distribution and ecology of juvenile pollock and their prey in frontal structures of the Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA PALLAS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; SPATIAL PROXIMITY; SOUND-SCATTERING; GEORGES BANK AB The distribution, size, length-specific weight, growth, and feeding of age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were examined along with their prey distribution patterns in two contrasting transects over a 4-year period (1994-1997) in relation to biophysical properties of frontal regions around the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. There were significant interannual differences in catch of age-0 pollock, but transect and habitat differences (inshore vs. front vs. offshore) were not significant for either catch or size of pollock. There were significant variations in length-specific weight and growth of pollock, but the trends were inconsistent. Copepods dominated the zooplankton biomass in all habitats and years; there were no consistent differences in the densities of the dominant zooplankton taxa among the habitats. There were, however, strong habitat and transect differences in juvenile pollock diet, particularly for the larger and presumably rarer prey taxa (euphausiids, chaetognaths, fish). We did not find any evidence that occupying a particular habitat was beneficial to young pollock, although other factors (e.g. bioenergetic advantage and predation refuge) that we did not examine here could have been more variable and critical to pollock survival. In a physically dynamic system such as the Pribilof Islands, age-0 pollock may need to continuously search for optimal conditions of high prey availability and low predation pressure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 6051 EP 6067 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00333-8 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00333-8 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400016 ER PT J AU Blood, DM AF Blood, DM TI Low-temperature incubation of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) eggs from the southeast Bering Sea shelf and Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; MARINE FISH; OF-ALASKA; SIZE; VARIABILITY; LARVAE AB To determine the effect of low water temperature on development, walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) eggs from the Bering Sea were reared at -0.6degreesC, 0.4degreesC, 2.0degreesC, and 3.8degreesC. One group of eggs was reared at 3.9degreesC under a diel light cycle (14 h light, 10 h dark) to observe the effect of light on development and hatching. Development was normal for all temperatures except -0.6degreesC; abnormal development of the tail and lack of development of eyes occurred in some embryos. Time to 50% hatch was 820, 620, and 424 h at 0.4degreesC, 2.0degreesC, and 3.8degreesC. Eggs incubated in diel light at 3.9degreesC developed at the same rate as eggs incubated in constant dark at 3.8degreesC, but required an additional 72 h to reach 50% hatch. A piece-wise regression model was generated to predict egg age for incubation temperatures of -0.6degreesC to 3.8degreesC. For temperatures recorded in the southeastern Bering Sea 1995-1998, the model predicted incubation periods for walleye pollock eggs that varied by 13 days between the warmest and coldest years. Walleye pollock eggs from Shelikof Strait, Alaska, were incubated at 0.2degreesC, 1.8degreesC, and 2.8degreesC. Development was normal for all temperatures. A piece-wise regression model (as above) was generated for incubation temperatures 0.2-2.8degreesC. When the regression models were compared, Bering Sea eggs (1.4-1.7 mm in diameter), required more time for development prior to hatch than Shelikof Strait eggs (1.2-1.3 turn in diameter) at 1.8degreesC and 2.8degreesC. However, for temperatures 0.2-2.0degreesC, Bering Sea walleye pollock began hatching earlier and at a developmentally younger age than Shelikof Strait walleye pollock. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Blood, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 6095 EP 6108 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00335-1 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00335-1 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400018 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Brodeur, RD Swartzman, GL Salo, S AF Ciannelli, L Brodeur, RD Swartzman, GL Salo, S TI Physical and biological factors influencing the spatial distribution of age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) around the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FISH GROWTH; NORTH-SEA; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; FRONTS; CANNIBALISM; ASSOCIATION; ZOOPLANKTON; GROUNDFISH AB The waters around the Pribilof Islands, in the southeast Bering Sea, are a main nursery area for age-0 pollock. Each summer, the islands are surrounded by a well-mixed inshore region, separated from a stratified offshore region by a frontal zone. To study the spatial distribution of age-0 pollock around this frontal structure in relation to physical and biological factors that are likely to influence it, such as advection, age-0 pollock feeding, and predation, samples were collected during September of four consecutive years, 1994-97, along two transects. Samples collected included water column hydrography and currents, acoustic backscatter, and groundfish predator density. Our analysis suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in controlling age-0 pollock distribution north and south of the islands. On the shelf area north of the islands, high age-0 pollock density was significantly associated with areas of high potential for growth only in years or portions of the frontal transect in which predator numbers were relatively low, indicating the importance of predation in controlling fish distribution in this area. In contrast, south of the islands, age-0 pollock distribution was associated more with prey availability, which appeared to be determined by vertical spatial overlap between predators and prey. Moreover, south of the islands, the stronger geostrophic currents, typical of the slope region, were more likely to affect the overall standing biomass of juvenile pollock, by constantly advecting fish away from the area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 6109 EP 6126 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00336-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00336-3 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400019 ER PT J AU Sinclair, EH Stabeno, PJ AF Sinclair, EH Stabeno, PJ TI Mesopelagic nekton and associated physics of the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEABIRDS; FISHES; FRONTS AB The mesopelagic community of fishes and squids are fundamental in the diet of apex predators, but in most cases their life histories and habitat requirements are poorly understood. In May 1999, a pilot study was conducted to identify mesopelagic nekton, describe dominant physical characteristics of their habitat, and compare their relative abundances over several study sites in the southeastern Bering Sea. Biological samples were collected at 250, 500, and 1000 m depths with an open pelagic rope trawl lined with 1.2-cm mesh in the codend. Net type, mesh size, and trawling techniques were designed to parallel those of extensive Russian research surveys in the western Bering Sea, permitting direct comparisons between study results. Forty-three species of fish and 15 species of cephalopods were identified, including a new species of gonatid squid and a range extension for Paraliparis paucidens, a snailfish never before observed in Alaskan waters. Faunal biomass was high with over 25,000 (1400 kg) fish and squid collected in only 13 trawls. Concentrations of fish in this area surpass published records from the western Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean by an order of magnitude, driven primarily by Leuroglossus schmidti, a deep-sea smelt. Generally, specimens were of high quality, and new size records were established for several species of fish and squid. The physical environment as determined from altimetry, satellite-tracked drifters, and water properties (temperature and salinity) was typical of the last decade for this area. Spatial patterns in species distribution were observed, but further research is needed to determine whether these are a factor of mesoscale variability or of habitat characteristics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sinclair, EH (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Bldg 4,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.sinclair@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 6127 EP 6145 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00337-5 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00337-5 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400020 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Hunt, GL AF Stabeno, PJ Hunt, GL TI Overview of the Inner Front and Southeast Bering Sea Carrying Capacity Programs SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHELF; CIRCULATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stabeno@pmel.noaa.gov; glhunt@uci.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 26 BP 6157 EP 6168 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00339-9 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00339-9 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 620WF UT WOS:000179555400022 ER PT S AU Devaney, JE Hagedorn, JG AF Devaney, JE Hagedorn, JG BE Lange, S Satoh, K Smith, CH TI Discovery in hydrating plaster using machine learning methods SO DISCOVERY SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2002) CY NOV 24-26, 2002 CL LUBECK, GERMANY SP CorpoBase, DFKI GmbH, JessenLenz ID CALCIUM-SULFATE HEMIHYDRATE; KINETICS; MODELS AB We apply multiple machine learning methods to obtain concise rules that are highly predictive of scientifically meaningful classes in hydrating plaster over multiple time periods. We use three dimensional data obtained through X-ray microtomography at greater than one micron resolution per voxel at five times in the hydration process: powder, after 4 hours, 7 hours, 15.5 hours, and after 6 days of hydration. Using statistics based on locality, we create vectors containing eight attributes for subsets of size 100(3) of the data and use the autoclass unsupervised classification system to label the attribute vectors into three separate classes. Following this, we use the C5 decision tree software to separate the three classes into two parts: class 0 and 1, and class 0 and 2. We use our locally developed procedural genetic programming system, GPP, to create simple rules for these. The resulting collection of simple rules are tested on a separate 100(3) subset of the plaster datasets that had been labeled with their autoclass predictions. The rules were found to have both high sensitivity and high positive predictive value. The classes accurately identify important structural comonents in the hydrating plaster. Morover, the rules identify the center of the local distribution as a critical factor in separating the classes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devaney, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00188-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2534 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW68U UT WOS:000182827700006 ER PT J AU Zullo, SJ Srivastava, S Looney, JP Barker, PE AF Zullo, SJ Srivastava, S Looney, JP Barker, PE TI Nanotechnology: Emerging developments and early detection of cancer - A two-day workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 30-31 2001, on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Campus, Gaithersburg, MD, USA SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE biomarker; cancer detection; nanotechnology; high throughput; microarray; mitochondria AB A recent meeting jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) brought together researchers active in nanotechnology and cancer molecular biology to discuss and evaluate the interface between disciplines.', Emerging areas where nanotechnologies may impact cancer prevention and early cancer detection were elaborated by key researchers who catalyzed interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at fostering. cross-discipline communications and future collaboration. C1 NIST, Chem & Life Sci Div, Adv Technol Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIST, Program Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, NCI, Biomarkers Validat Lab, DNA Technol Grp,Biotechnol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zullo, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Life Sci Div, Adv Technol Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 666LN UT WOS:000182178900001 PM 12590168 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ AF Kasianowicz, JJ TI Nanometer, scale pores: Potential applications for analyte detection and DNA characterization SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotechnology - Emerging Developments and Early Detection of Cancer CY AUG 30-31, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS, GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP NCI HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL CAMPUS ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; HEPTAMERIC TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; ION-CHANNEL; POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; FORMING PROTEIN; MEMBRANE; MOLECULES; DISCRIMINATION; BIOSENSORS; KINETICS AB Several classes of transmembrane protein ion channels function in vivo as sensitive and selective detection elements for analytes. Recent studies on single channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer membranes suggest that nanometer-scale pores can be used to detect, quantitate and characterize a wide range of analytes that includes small ions and single stranded DNA. We briefly review here these studies and identify leaps in technology that, if realized, might lead to innovations for the early detection of cancer. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, ACSL 227-A251, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 666LN UT WOS:000182178900005 PM 12590172 ER PT S AU Lee, KH Choy, YC Cho, SB Tang, X McCrary, V AF Lee, KH Choy, YC Cho, SB Tang, X McCrary, V BE Lopresti, EP Hu, J Kashi, R TI Document reverse engineering: From paper to XML SO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM V, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems CY AUG 19-21, 2002 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Avaya Inc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44068-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2423 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY01S UT WOS:000187252700053 ER PT S AU Ko, SK Sohn, WS Lee, KH Lim, SB Choy, YC AF Ko, SK Sohn, WS Lee, KH Lim, SB Choy, YC BE Bauknecht, K Tjoa, AM Quirchmayr, G TI A study of content conversion between eBook standards SO E-COMMERCE AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on E-Commerce and Web Technologies CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE AB Many countries have established eBook standards adequate to their environments. In USA, OEB PS is announced for distribution and display of eBooks, in Japan, JepaX is announced for storage and exchange, and in Korea, EBKS is made for clear exchange of eBook contents. These diverse objectives of standards lead to different content structures, and differences of content structure win cause a problem in exchanging them. To correctly exchange eBook contents, the content structure should be considered. So, in this paper, we study content conversion of standard eBooks based on Korean eBook standard, with contemplating content structures. To convert contents properly, the mapping relations should be clearly defined. For this, we consider standard's structure and extension mechanisms, and use a path notation and namespaces for precise description. Moreover, through analysis of each mapping relationships, we classify conversion cases into automatic, semi-automatic, and manual conversions. Finally we write up conversion scripts and experiment with them. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IT Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Multimedia Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Ko, SK (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44137-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2455 BP 273 EP 283 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW66S UT WOS:000182748400029 ER PT S AU Clark, DK Feinholz, ME Yarbrough, MA Johnson, BC Brown, SW Kim, YS Barnes, RA AF Clark, DK Feinholz, ME Yarbrough, MA Johnson, BC Brown, SW Kim, YS Barnes, RA BE Barnes, WL TI Overview of the radiometric calibration of MOBY SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VI CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE MOBY; Marine Optical Buoy; ocean color; calibration ID COLOR AB The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) provides values of water-leaving radiance for the calibration and validation of satellite ocean color instruments. Located in clear, deep ocean waters near the Hawaiian Island of Lanai, MOBY measures the upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance at three levels below the ocean surface plus the incident solar irradiance just above the surface. The radiance standards for MOBY are two integrating spheres with calibrations based on standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For irradiance, the MOBY project uses standard lamps that are routinely recalibrated at NIST. Wavelength calibrations are conducted with a series of emission lines observed from a set of low pressure lamps. Each MOBY instrument views these standards before and after its deployment to provide system responses (calibration coefficients). During each deployment, the stability of the MOBY spectrographs and internal optics are monitored using three internal reference sources. In addition, the collection optics for the instrument are cleaned and checked on a monthly basis while the buoy is deployed. Divers place lamps over the optics before and after each cleaning to monitor changes at the system level. As a hyperspectral instrument MOBY uses absorption lines in the solar spectrum to monitor its wavelength stability. When logistically feasible during each deployment, coincident measurements are made with the predecessor buoy before that buoy's recovery. Measurements of the underwater light fields from the deployment vessel are also compared with those from the buoy. Based on this set of absolute calibrations and the suite of stability reference measurements, a calibration history is created for each buoy. These calibration histories link the measurement time series from the set of MOBY buoys. In general, the differences between the pre- and post-deployment radiance calibrations of the buoys range from +1% to -6% with a definitive bias to a negative difference for the post-deployment values. This trend is to be expected after a deployment of 3 months. To date, only the pre-deployment calibration measurements have been used to adjust the system responses for the MOBY time series. Based on these results, the estimated radiometric uncertainty for MOBY in-water ocean color measurements is estimated to be about 4% to 8% (k=1). As part of a collaboration with NIST, annual radiometric comparisons are made at the MOBY calibration facility. NIST personnel use transfer radiometers and integrating spheres to validate (verify) the accuracy of the MOBY calibration sources. Recently, we began a study of the stray light contribution to the radiometric uncertainty in the MOBY systems. A complete reprocessing of the MOBY data set, including the changes within each MOBY deployment, will commence upon the completion of the stray light characterization, which is scheduled for the fall of 2001. It is anticipated that this reprocessing will reduce the overall radiometric uncertainty to less than 5% (k=1). C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Clark, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4197-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4483 BP 64 EP 76 AR UNSP 4483-07 DI 10.1117/12.453473 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BU15G UT WOS:000175162300007 ER PT S AU Early, EA Bush, BC Brown, SW Allen, DW Johnson, BC AF Early, EA Bush, BC Brown, SW Allen, DW Johnson, BC BE Barnes, WL TI Radiometric calibration of the Scripps Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VI CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE measurement equation; radiometric calibration; remote sensing; Scripps-EPIC; spectral radiance ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE AB As part of the Triana mission, the Scripps Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (Scripps-EPIC) will view the full sunlit side of Earth from the Lagrange-1 point. The National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, in collaboration with the contractor, Lockheed-Martin, planned the radiometric calibration of Scripps-EPIC. The measurements for this radiometric calibration were selected based upon the optical characteristics of Scripps-EPIC, the measurement equation relating signal to spectral radiance, and the available optical sources and calibrated radiometers. The guiding principle for the calibration was to perform separate, controlled measurements for each parameter in the measurement equation, namely dark signal, linearity, exposure time, and spectral radiance responsivity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Early, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4197-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4483 BP 77 EP 84 AR UNSP 4483-08 DI 10.1117/12.453474 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BU15G UT WOS:000175162300008 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Heidinger, A AF Cao, CY Heidinger, A BE Barnes, WL TI Inter-comparison of the longwave infrared channels of MODIS and AVHRR/NOAA-16 using simultaneous nadir observations at orbit intersections SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VII CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Univ Washington, Coll Engn & Architecture DE MODIS; AVHRR; inter-comparison; infrared; orbit intersection AB Near nadir observations in the 11 gm and 12 gm bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the TERRA spacecraft and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA-16 spacecraft are collected at their orbit intersections, where both MODIS and AVHRR view the Earth and its atmosphere at the same location within 30 seconds in the Arctic region. Sample data with I km resolution from spatially uniform areas are taken for direct inter-comparison of the scene radiance and brightness temperatures at around 270 K. Then a pixel-by-pixel match between the MODIS and AVHRR observations is performed to evaluate their correlation at different scene temperatures. The results show that MODIS and AVHRR observations agree well (difference less than 0.3 K) for both the 11 gm and 12 gm bands, although their band correlation exhibits a slightly non-linear trend for scene temperatures greater than 285 K. The performance of MODIS is considered a good predictor of the performance of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)/Visible Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the future replacement of AVHRR. The direct comparison of MODIS and AVHRR observations is therefore considered a risk reduction study for VIIRS. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 8 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4582-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4814 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1117/12.451690 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV51H UT WOS:000179201500033 ER PT S AU Mika, J Kerenyi, J Rimoczi-Paal, A Merza, A Szinell, C Csiszar, I AF Mika, J Kerenyi, J Rimoczi-Paal, A Merza, A Szinell, C Csiszar, I BE Fellous, JL LeMarshall, JF Choudhury, BJ Menenti, M Paxton, LJ Gupta, SP TI On correlation of maize and wheat yield with NDVI: Example of Hungary (1985-1998) SO EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND SURFACE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 1, A0 4-A0 5, A3 1, C1 1 and C2 6 Symposia of the COSPAR Scientific Commissions A and C held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NASA, NOAA, NCEP, World Climate Res Programme, Comm Space Res, World Meteorol Org, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Int Union Radio Sci ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; UNITED-STATES; CALIBRATION; SPACECRAFT; CHANNELS AB The aim of the study is to quantify statistical relations between the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from NOAA/AVHRR multi-channel irradiance, and yield of wheat and maize commonly covering 23.5 % of Hungary. The 14 years period, 1985-1998 is used, reserving the later vegetation seasons for independent validation, in the future. The yield reporting units are the 19 administrative counties, characterized by 50-90 km of linear measure and diverse vegetation. Cluster analysis of the yield series is performed to identify possible outliers, but there are no qualitatively separating outliers found among the 14 years and 19 counties for the investigated plants. The same procedure is performed for the average proportion of land-use types and for the NDVI series with the aim of finding coherent groups of counties to unify them into larger, cumulative samples. However, these analyses did not yield the necessary similarities, hence, no further spatial integration was performed. The applied NDVI series are filtered against possible remained atmospheric disturbances, whereas the yield data are standardized against the, actually decreasing, linear trends. The relationships between weekly composite NDVI data and residual yield percentages are rather different for maize and wheat: wheat yield is closely related to the early spring NDVI, whereas for maize yield only the much later, near-harvest periods exhibit some informative value. Since the obtained correlations are rather similar in the neighboring weeks and the weekly NDVI series are strongly auto-correlated, themselves, a four-weekly integration of NDVI is performed before the final estimation of the yield from the NDVI. This integration is performed in four different ways, recommended by literature sources, with no real differences of the results, that promises stability of the correlation, despite the short samples. This statistical predictability of wheat yield residuals with about three months time lead, can be interpreted as follows: Mixed vegetation of the counties indicate the spring restart of wheat development, which conditions determine a substantial part of yield variability. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1024 Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Satellite Res Lab, H-1181 Budapest, Hungary. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mika, J (reprint author), Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Kitaibel Pal 1, H-1024 Budapest, Hungary. RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2399 EP 2404 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00082-0 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80288-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW01W UT WOS:000180656600008 ER PT S AU Pinker, RT Laszlo, I Tarpley, JD Mitchell, K AF Pinker, RT Laszlo, I Tarpley, JD Mitchell, K BE Fellous, JL LeMarshall, JF Choudhury, BJ Menenti, M Paxton, LJ Gupta, SP TI Geostationary satellite parameters for surface energy balance SO EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND SURFACE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 1, A0 4-A0 5, A3 1, C1 1 and C2 6 Symposia of the COSPAR Scientific Commissions A and C held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NASA, NOAA, NCEP, World Climate Res Programme, Comm Space Res, World Meteorol Org, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Int Union Radio Sci ID IRRADIANCE; SYSTEM AB Since January 1996, surface climate parameters for the continental US have been produced in real time at NOAA/NESDIS from GOES-8 observations, and have been made available to the NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), to the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) community, as well as to the public. The products include radiative fluxes, such as surface and top of the atmosphere short-wave radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), cloud fraction, as well as surface temperature. The data can be used for evaluating corresponding parameters as. produced from the NCEP (ETA) model or other meso-scale models, as inputs to hydrological models for computing evapotranspiration and snow-melt, for estimating net primary productivity, and other applications. As of July 2000, this product has become operational at NOAA/NESDIS, and it is distributed to the public within one day after being produced. In this paper provided will be background information. about this product and identified will be issues that require further attention. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NWS, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Pinker, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2427 EP 2432 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00720-2 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80296-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW01W UT WOS:000180656600011 ER PT S AU Ohring, G Lord, S Derber, J Mitchell, K Ji, M AF Ohring, G Lord, S Derber, J Mitchell, K Ji, M BE Fellous, JL LeMarshall, JF Choudhury, BJ Menenti, M Paxton, LJ Gupta, SP TI Applications of satellite remote sensing in numerical weather and climate prediction SO EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND SURFACE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 1, A0 4-A0 5, A3 1, C1 1 and C2 6 Symposia of the COSPAR Scientific Commissions A and C held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NASA, NOAA, NCEP, World Climate Res Programme, Comm Space Res, World Meteorol Org, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Int Union Radio Sci AB The year 2000 marks the 40(th) anniversary of the launch of the first weather satellite. The images of cloud systems from the early satellites enabled forecasters to locate and monitor the movements of storms. Today's satellites provide,a. wealth of quantitative information about the constantly changing state of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. Significant strides are being made by operational centers around thee world to effectively use these remotely-sensed observations in forecast models. The satellite measurements are used to initialize, provide boundary conditions for, and verify predictions of models. As an example of the state of the art, this paper reviews how satellite observations are used in the numerical weather and climate prediction models of the U.S. National Weather Service. The National Weather Service, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) develops regional and global weather prediction models, coupled ocean-atmosphere models for seasonal to interannual climate predictions, and a coastal ocean forecast model. A three dimensional variational data assimilation system is used to specify the initial conditions for the forecast models. Data from the following satellite instruments are currently used in one or more of these models: High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS), Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) sounder, GOES, METEOSAT, and Geostationary Meteorology Satellite (GMS) imagers, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), ESA Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) scatterometer, Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer/2 (SBUV/2), and Oceanic Topography Experiment (TOPEX) and ERS-2 altimeters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Ohring, George/F-5616-2010 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2433 EP 2439 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00721-4 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80298-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW01W UT WOS:000180656600012 ER PT S AU Romanov, P Gutman, G Csiszar, I AF Romanov, P Gutman, G Csiszar, I BE Fellous, JL LeMarshall, JF Choudhury, BJ Menenti, M Paxton, LJ Gupta, SP TI Satellite-derived snow cover maps for North America: Accuracy assessment SO EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND SURFACE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 1, A0 4-A0 5, A3 1, C1 1 and C2 6 Symposia of the COSPAR Scientific Commissions A and C held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NASA, NOAA, NCEP, World Climate Res Programme, Comm Space Res, World Meteorol Org, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Int Union Radio Sci ID MODEL AB An automated, satellite-based snow mapping system has been developed at NOAA/NESDIS to provide operational snow cover monitoring over the North American continent. The system uses visible, mid-infrared and infrared observations of the Imager instrument onboard NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and microwave measurements made with a Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite. In the paper we give a brief description of the system and analyze its performance during 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 winter seasons. Snow depth observations made at ground stations were used to assess the accuracy of snow mapping. The sources of satellite snow mapping errors and other reasons leading to discrepancies between satellite retrievals and surface data are discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Romanov, P (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2455 EP 2460 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00723-8 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80304-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW01W UT WOS:000180656600015 ER PT S AU Seiler, RA Kogan, F AF Seiler, RA Kogan, F BE Fellous, JL LeMarshall, JF Choudhury, BJ Menenti, M Paxton, LJ Gupta, SP TI Monitoring ENSO cycles and their impacts on crops in Argentina from NOAA-AVHRR satellite data SO EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND SURFACE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 1, A0 4-A0 5, A3 1, C1 1 and C2 6 Symposia of the COSPAR Scientific Commissions A and C held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NASA, NOAA, NCEP, World Climate Res Programme, Comm Space Res, World Meteorol Org, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Int Union Radio Sci ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL DROUGHT-WATCH; EL-NINO; NDVI DATA; CALIBRATION; VEGETATION; CHANNELS AB Early assessments and information on the evolution of weather conditions and impacts associated to the occurrences of El Nino/La Nina years are a major demand from the agricultural sector. Satellite observations have shown to be useful for regional monitoring of the environmental conditions, providing greater and on time spatially comprehensive coverage of the land surface characteristics than the one is possible to get from ground-based measurements. In this study, the capabilities of the data measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer of the NOAA-9, 11 and 14 satellites were investigated for monitoring weather conditions and impact on crops growth, development and yield in the regional scale. Satellite-derived indices were applied to the agricultural area of Argentina and analyzed for La Nina 1988-89, 1995-96 and El Nino 1987-88, 1997-98 crop season conditions. Results from the analysis showed strong relationships between the indices and the weather conditions for each of the events, providing also an insight into the dynamics of the vegetation and into the responses of the agricultural crops. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto, CONICET, RA-5800 Rio Cuarto Cba, Argentina. NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Res Lab, Camp Springs, MA 02746 USA. RP Seiler, RA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto, CONICET, Ruta Nac 36,Km 601, RA-5800 Rio Cuarto Cba, Argentina. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2489 EP 2493 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00376-9 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80316-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW01W UT WOS:000180656600020 ER PT S AU Dubsky, J Matejicek, J Prask, HJ Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Dubsky, J Matejicek, J Prask, HJ Gnaupel-Herold, T BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Residual and applied stresses in plasma sprayed Cr(2)O(3) coatings SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE chromia coatings; residual stress; applied stress; neutron diffraction; x-ray diffraction ID CERAMIC COATINGS AB The results of stress measurements obtained by x-ray diffraction are often ambiguous and difficult to interpret. In this work both neutron and X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the residual stresses in plasma sprayed ceramic coatings. In addition a four-point bending device was used to check the correctness of method used. The results of both methods were compared. The volume- and lattice-effective Young's modulus were calculated from applied bending stress and lattice deformation, respectively. The results obtained are discussed from the point of view of the behavior of the defective coating structure influenced by tensile and compressive loading. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, CR-18211 Prague, Czech Republic. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dubsky, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, CR-18211 Prague, Czech Republic. RI Matejicek, Jiri/G-2313-2014; Dubsky, Jiri/H-3543-2014; OI Matejicek, Jiri/0000-0001-8454-2808; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900065 ER PT S AU Afridi, M Berning, D Hefner, A Suehle, J Zaghloul, M Kelley, E Parrilla, Z Ellenwood, C AF Afridi, M Berning, D Hefner, A Suehle, J Zaghloul, M Kelley, E Parrilla, Z Ellenwood, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Transient heating study of microhotplates by using a high-speed thermal imaging system SO EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 12-14, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, NIST ID GAS SENSOR; CMOS AB A high-speed thermal imaging system is used to investigate the dynamic thermal behavior of MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) based microhotplate devices. These devices are suspended microstructures fabricated in CMOS technology and are used in various sensor applications. Measurements reveal delayed surface heating of the microhotplate and temperature redistribution during both the heating and cooling phases. Reflected infrared (IR) radiation from the hidden backside of the heater is used with a normalization technique to determine peak heater temperature. The measurements are shown to be useful in optimizing the design of microhotplate structures. It is found that the use of a heat-spreading layer improves the local temperature uniformity between the heater strips. It is also found that the use of the thinner layers of the 1.5 mum CMOS technology improve the global temperature uniformity over the top surface of the microhotplate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Afridi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 0-7803-7327-8 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2002 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1109/STHERM.2002.991352 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BU21Z UT WOS:000175370000015 ER PT S AU Chiang, CK Sakai, W AF Chiang, CK Sakai, W BE Gerhardt, RA Washabaugh, AP Alim, MA Choi, GM TI Application of a buffer layer for the dielectric measurement of thin polymer films SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization III Symposium held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE AB A buffered dielectric measurement method is described. We added a thin buffer polymer layer to a polymer film before depositing aluminum electrodes. This is a modification to conventional parallel plate dielectric constant measurement method. It still has well-defined geometric factor for determining the dielectric constant. We designed the buffer layer using a simple RC model. It was determined that the buffer layer should be a high dielectric constant polymer. Two high dielectric constant polymers were selected to be buffer layers. Layered samples with structures ABA and ABC were discussed, where A is the buffer layer. We show that the method not only provides a way to preserve the structure of special polymer films, but also is able to adjust its electrical characterization to a convenient level. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, CK (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-635-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 699 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV35T UT WOS:000178664800026 ER PT S AU Noda, N Obrzut, J AF Noda, N Obrzut, J BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI High frequency dielectric relaxation in polymers filled with ferroelectric ceramics SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We investigated the dielectric relaxation process in high-dielectric constant polymer composite films filled with barium titanate particles. In order to extend the dielectric measurements to the microwave range, we employed a new broadband measurement technique where a thin film capacitance terminating a coaxial waveguide is treated as a transmission line. The complex permittivity, measured at frequencies of 100 Hz to 10 GHz for several films 50 pm to 100 mum thick with a dielectric constant of 3.2 to 30, was fitted to a dielectric model expressed as a superposition of Havriliak-Negami functions. An intrinsic high frequency relaxation process has been identified. It was found that the position of the loss peak depends primarily oil the relaxation of the polymer matrix, while its magnitude is amplified by the volume fraction and permittivity of the ferroelectric component. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Noda, N (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300015 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ Moodenbaugh, AR McBreen, J Fischer, DA Fu, Z AF Balasubramanian, M Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ Moodenbaugh, AR McBreen, J Fischer, DA Fu, Z TI Formation of SEI on cycled lithium-ion battery cathodes - Soft X-ray absorption study SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 cathodes front lithium-ion cells cycled at 40 and 70 degreesC was observed and characterized using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). XAS Measurements were made in the energy region between 500 and 950 eV. encompassing the Ni and Co L3- and L-2-edges and at the K-edges of O and F. Measurements, obtained in the total electron yield mode, are surface sensitive, probing to a depth of 5 rim, XAS at the F K-edge demonstrates the presence of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) in addition to LiF oil the surface of cycled electrodes. The results indicate that the PVdF in the cycled electrodes is largely intact and that the LiF comes front decomposition of LiPF6 from the electrolyte XAS also suggests Fe contamination of cycled cathodes. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 12 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP A22 EP A25 DI 10.1149/1.1423802 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 503MX UT WOS:000172803200006 ER PT S AU Chiang, CK Sung, LP Popielarz, R AF Chiang, CK Sung, LP Popielarz, R BE Jabbour, GE Sariciftci, NS TI Investigation of morphology and interface in polymer composite thin films SO ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC POLYMERS AND OLIGOMERS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic, Optical and Optoelectronic Polymers and Oligomers held at the 2001 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) has been applied to examine the filler particles and their distribution in BaTiO3-polymer composite films. We have measured thin-slice images of the composite films at various depths from the film surface and visualized the submicron size particles and the polymer between them nondestructively. We have found that, although BaTiO3 particles appear to be uniformly dispersed in the composite films when observed under conventional microscope, the particles forth clusters at low BaTiO3 concentrations. The lower the concentration the larger the cluster size. The particles appear to be better dispersed in the high concentration composites than at low concentrations. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, CK (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-601-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 665 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU83X UT WOS:000177163000022 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Tarrio, C Squires, MB Lucatorto, TB AF Grantham, S Tarrio, C Squires, MB Lucatorto, TB BE Englestad, RL TI First results from the updated NIST/DARPA EUV reflectometry facility SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH ID LIGHT-SOURCE AB Currently the most demanding application of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) optics is in lithography. A commercial extreme-ultraviolet stepper will likely have six or more normal-incidence reflective optics, and the largest of these will be tens of cm in diameter. Each of the Mo/Si multilayer stepper mirrors must have the highest attainable reflectivity at 13 run, but more importantly the central wavelength of the reflectivity must be controlled to better than 0.01 nm and the peak reflectivity of the mask reticle to better than 0.1%. In order to meet these demands, our group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has implemented several improvements to our reflectometer. Additionally, the recent upgrade of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF Hr) allows reliable operation at a variety of stored beam energies. Utilizing this capability, and a variety of filters, we analyzed the out-of-band radiation in the system. Under optimum conditions, the out-of-band contribution of the beam incident on the sample is held to 0.4%, and is primarily due to correctible effects of near-band scatter. We estimate that our total uncertainty, due to both systematic effects (accuracy of our out-of-band corrections) and random effects (noise, optics heating, etc.) is better than 0.3%. We will also discuss improvements that have been designed and are yet to be implemented. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, 100 Bur Dr,Stop8410,Bldg 245-B102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.472309 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600035 ER PT J AU Lehr, W Jones, R Evans, M Simecek-Beatty, D Overstreet, R AF Lehr, W Jones, R Evans, M Simecek-Beatty, D Overstreet, R TI Revisions of the ADIOS oil spill model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE oil spill; oil weathering; spill cleanup; pollution modeling; oil slick ID BREAKING WAVES; STATISTICS AB For several years, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hazardous Materials Response Division (NOAA/HAZMAT) has been using and distributing the computer software package called ADIOS(TM) (Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills) to aid responders in oil spill cleanup. ADIOS forecasts the weathering processes and characteristics of oil slicks. Based on new research results and analysis since the first version was released, a major update revises and improves previous algorithms, plus adds new modules for other weathering processes and for spill cleanup strategies. The weathering processes included in the new version, called ADIOS2, are spreading, evaporation, dispersion, sedimentation, and emulsification. The user cleanup options are dispersants, in-situ burning, and skimming. Different types of release scenarios can be simulated and the user is allowed to enter ranges for selected input variables with the resulting uncertainty displayed in the model output. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lehr, W (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 AR PII S1364-8152(01)00064-0 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524JM UT WOS:000174009600008 ER PT J AU Frank, H Christoph, EH Holm-Hansen, O Bullister, JL AF Frank, H Christoph, EH Holm-Hansen, O Bullister, JL TI Trifluoroacetate in ocean waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; HFC-134A; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; ENVIRONMENT; CIRCULATION; HCFCS AB Trifluoroacetate (TFA) is a ubiquitous xenochemical presently increasing in concentration in some environmental compartments, especially in the plant biomass of industrialized countries. Direct anthropogenic emissions of TFA are probably low, and the major anthropogenic sources are most likely various TFA precursors. As TFA has been found in ocean waters from remote locations, the question arose whether it is also a naturally occurring environmental Chemical. Determination of the depth dependence of TFA in the ocean water column should shed some light on this question. However, in environmental analytical studies, the risk of systematic errors can be high and may lead to wrong conclusions. Therefore, special attention has been paid to the fact that TFA is a common atmospheric pollutant in the urban environment and that Contributions from sampling, storage, and transport potentially lead to artificially high TFA values. The results of the ocean water sampling campaigns indicate that TFA is a naturally occurring chemical, homogeneously distributed in ocean waters of all ages with a concentration of about 200 ng/L. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Dept Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Frank, H (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RI Frank, Hartmut/D-1460-2013 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1021/es0101532 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 509RC UT WOS:000173162600019 PM 11811478 ER PT J AU Johnston, RK Munns, WR Tyler, PL Marajh-Whittemore, PR Finkelstein, K Munney, K Short, FT Melville, A Hahn, SP AF Johnston, RK Munns, WR Tyler, PL Marajh-Whittemore, PR Finkelstein, K Munney, K Short, FT Melville, A Hahn, SP TI Weighing the evidence of ecological risk from chemical contamination in the estuarine environment adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE estuarine; ecological risk assessment; exposure assessment; effects assessment; risk characterization ID LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR; SEDIMENTS; ASSESSMENTS; WILDLIFE; TOXICITY; MARINE AB In characterizing ecological risks. considerable consensus building and professional judgments are required to develop conclusions about risk. This is because how to evaluate all the factors that determine ecological risk is not well defined and is subject to interpretation. Here we report on the application of a procedure to weigh the evidence of ecological risk and develop conclusions about risk that will incorporate the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment. The procedure was applied to characterize ecological risk of chemical contamination in nearshore areas adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located at the mouth of the Great Bay Estuary. New Hampshire and Maine. USA. Measures of exposure and effect were used to interpret the magnitude of risk to the assessment endpoints of pelagic species. epibenthic species, the benthic community, eelgrass plants, the salt marsh community. and avian receptors. The evidence of chemical exposure from water, sediment, and tissue and the evidence of biological effects to representative pelagic, epibenthic, benthic. eelgrass, salt marsh, and avian species, were weighed to characterize ecological risk. Individual measures were weighted by the quality and reliability of their data and risk, was estimated from the preponderance, magnitude, extent, and strength of causal relationships between the data on exposure and effects. Relating evidence of risk, to hypothesized pathways of exposure made it possible to estimate the magnitude of risk from sediment and water and express the confidence associated with the findings. Systematically weighing the evidence of risk rendered conclusions about risk in a manner that was clearly defined, objective, consistent, and did not rely solely on professional judgment. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D3621, Marine Environm Support Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Off Ecosyst Assessment, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NOAA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US EPA, Waste Management Div, Boston, MA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Maine Dept Environm Protect, Bur Oil & Hazardous Mat, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Naval Facil Engn Command, Biol Sci, Lester, PA 19113 USA. RP Johnston, RK (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D3621, Marine Environm Support Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0182:WTEOER>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 505CA UT WOS:000172892700026 PM 11804053 ER PT B AU Romanyukha, AA Schauer, DA AF Romanyukha, AA Schauer, DA BE Kawamori, A Yamauchi, J Ohta, H TI EPR dose reconstruction in teeth: Fundamentals, applications, problems and perspectives SO EPR IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS TO MATERIAL, LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asia Pacific EPR/ESR Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Nakauchi Fdn Convent, Portopia 81 Fdn, Bruker Biospin Kk, JEOL Co Ltd ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE DOSIMETRY; HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL; RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY; NUCLEAR WORKERS; ESR DOSIMETRY; ACCIDENT; BIODOSIMETRY; POPULATION; RADICALS; EXPOSURE AB Fundamentals, applications, problems and perspectives of EPR dose reconstruction in tooth enamel are presented. EPR dose reconstruction results are reviewed for the Chernobyl accident, Russian nuclear workers and the population residing in the vicinity of the Mayak nuclear plant, and two Soviet nuclear test sites: Semipalatinsk (Kazakhstan) and Totskoye (Russia). Unanswered questions in EPR dose reconstruction are formulated. Possible new directions and perspectives of EPR retrospective dosimetry are also considered. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Romanyukha, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50973-9 PY 2002 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1016/B978-044450973-4/50099-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW05N UT WOS:000180752900095 ER PT S AU Abe, H Naito, M Waesche, R Hackley, V Hotta, Y AF Abe, H Naito, M Waesche, R Hackley, V Hotta, Y GP TTP TI Influence of particle size and solid loading on the determination of the isoelectric point (IEP) of ceramics powders by different methods SO EURO CERAMICS VII, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Ceram Soc, Belgian Ceram Soc DE isoelectric point (IEP); alumina powder; particle charge detection (PCD); colloid vibration current (CVI) AB The isoelectric point is a material property for the characterization of acid-base behavior of the powder surface. The IEP of two alumina powders (AKP-30, Grade A) with different particle size characteristics in aqueous suspension has been determined by colloid vibration current (CVI) and particle charge detection (PCD) methods in moderately concentrated suspensions in order to qualify these methods for a future standardization. The solid loading of the suspensions were 1 and 5 vol%. The comparison of the EEP determined by PCD and CVI was in good agreement. However, the solid loading dependence of IEP and a large EEP hysteresis (at 1 vol%) were observed, which do not allow a proper determination of the IEP. The recording of the potential curve and therefore the determination of the IEP with CVI was difficult for the suspension of Grade A powder due to formation of agglomerates at pH values near the pH(IEP). C1 JFCC, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan. Fed Inst Mat Res 7 Testing, BAM, D-12203 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Ind Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Nagoya, Aichi 462, Japan. RP Abe, H (reprint author), JFCC, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-882-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 206-2 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT32X UT WOS:000172651400003 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, GD GP TTP TI Refinements to the surface crack in flexure method for fracture toughness of ceramics SO EURO CERAMICS VII, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Ceram Soc, Belgian Ceram Soc DE fracture toughness; surface crack in flexure; silicon carbide; standard method ID R-CURVES; FLAWS; ALUMINA; GLASS AB The surface crack in flexure method features a small, well-defined crack commensurate in size with natural flaws in structural ceramics. Lateral cracks may interfere with the median crack causing errors in computed fracture toughness. This problem primarily occurs for materials whose fracture toughness is less than or equal to 3 MPa rootm, A simple remedy is described. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-882-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 206-2 BP 633 EP 636 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT32X UT WOS:000172651400156 ER PT S AU Voorhees, EM AF Voorhees, EM BE Peters, C Braschler, M Gonzalo, J Kluck, M TI The philosophy of information retrieval evaluation SO EVLAUATION OF CROSS-LANGUAGE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum CY SEP 03-04, 2001 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY ID RELEVANCE AB Evaluation conferences such as TREC, CLEF, and NTCIR are modern examples of the Cranfield evaluation paradigm. In Cranfield, researchers perform experiments on test collections to compare the relative effectiveness of different retrieval approaches. The test collections allow the researchers to control the effects of different system parameters, increasing the power and decreasing the cost of retrieval experiments as compared to user-based evaluations. This paper reviews the fundamental assumptions and appropriate uses of the Cranfield paradigm, especially as they apply in the context of the evaluation conferences. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Voorhees, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Voorhees, Ellen/D-1755-2013 NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44042-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2406 BP 355 EP 370 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BW28G UT WOS:000181439400033 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, R Salem, JA Swab, JJ AF Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, R Salem, JA Swab, JJ BE Chona, R TI Standard reference material 2100: Fracture toughness of ceramics SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 32ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL CONSHOHOCKEN, PA SP ASTM Comm E 8 DE fracture toughness; ceramics; surface crack in flexure; chevron notch; precracked beam; reference material; round robin; VAMAS ID SURFACE CRACK AB New Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2100 is the first reference material in the world for the property fracture toughness for any class material, The SRM is for fracture toughness of ceramics and may be used with any ceramic fracture toughness test method. but is optimized for methods that use beams in bending, The SRM complements the new ASTM Test Method for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature (C 1421) as well as three International Standards Organization (ISO) draft standards now under development. This SRM. for which the fracture toughness is known with a high accuracy and high precision. should dramatically improve fracture toughness testing and enhance data quality around the world. This paper describes SRM 2100 and its creation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2888-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1406 BP 336 EP 350 DI 10.1520/STP10595S PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT15L UT WOS:000172099700020 ER PT J AU Chiang, CK Popielarz, R AF Chiang, CK Popielarz, R TI Polymer composites with high dielectric constant SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE polymer composites; barium titanate; dielectric constant; ferroelectrics ID PVDF COMPOSITE; BATIO3; BEHAVIOR; FILMS AB A high dielectric constant polymer composite system is presented. The new composite uses a high dielectric constant cyanoresin polymer filled with ferroelectric ceramics, such as BaTiO3 powder. While dielectric constant of the polymer is 21 at 1 kHz, the dielectric constant of the composite is over 130 at the BaTiO3 volume fraction of 51%, which is the highest dielectric constant reported so far for the polymer composite materials based on BaTiO3 filler. Frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the composites are reported. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, CK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Popielarz, Roman/0000-0001-5193-9366 NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 275 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/00150190190021786 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 602NF UT WOS:000178510800001 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Cockayne, E AF Burton, BP Cockayne, E TI Unexpected ground state structures in relaxor ferroelectrics SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE perovskites; relaxor ferroelectrics; cation ordering; ground states ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MICROWAVE DIELECTRICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DOMAIN GROWTH; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION; DISORDER; METALS; RANGE AB Cluster expansion Hamiltonians derived from pseudopotential total energies were used to predict ground-state (GS) cation configurations for some A(B1/23+B1/2'(5+))O-3, A(B1/32+B2/3'(5+))O-3, and [A(1/2)(1+)A(1/2)'(3+)]BO3 perovskites. Predicted GS structures for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN), Pb(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O-3, [Na1/2Bi1/2]TiO3, and [K1/2Bi1/2]TiO3 differ from those predicted by a purely ionic model. Monte Carlo simulation of cation order-disorder phenomena in PMN predicts the transition sequence: [001](NCC') --> 1 : 1 --> Disordered. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; cockayne@nist.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 270 BP 1359 EP 1364 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573ZA UT WOS:000176862200030 ER PT S AU Jander, A Moreland, J Kabos, P AF Jander, A Moreland, J Kabos, P GP IEEE IEEE TI All-dielectric micromachined calorimeter for high-resolution microwave power measurement SO FIFTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2002) CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We have developed a micromachined bimaterial cantilever with a thin-film ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) sensor to probe rf fields near microwave devices. A patterned permalloy film deposited at the tip of the cantilever serves as the localized FMR probe. Power absorption at the tip, under FMR conditions, results in a proportional bending of the bimaterial cantilever. The deflection of the cantilever is measured with an optical lever. The small dimensions of the probe (20 mum x 20mum x 0.05mum) allows for measurements of rf magnetic fields near microwave devices with 20 mum resolution and minimal intrusion. The sensor is constructed of low-stress silicon nitride and low-temperature-deposited silicon oxide The use of dielectric materials in the cantilever beam minimizes the background signal produced by eddy-current heating of the cantilever. Using this scanning FMR probe we have measured vector-component-resolved microwave field distributions near a 500 mum wide stipline resonator driven at 9.15 GHz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jander, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-7185-2 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2002 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.2002.984351 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BU07B UT WOS:000174908700155 ER PT B AU Phillips, PJ Sarkar, S Robledo, I Grother, P Bowyer, K AF Phillips, PJ Sarkar, S Robledo, I Grother, P Bowyer, K GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Baseline results for the challenge problem of human ID using gait analysis SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE AND GESTURE RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY MAY 20-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc TC PAMI ID RECOGNITION AB Identification of people from gait captured on video has become a challenge problem in computer vision. However, there is not a baseline algorithm or standard dataset for measuring, or determining what factors affect performance. In fact, the conditions tinder which the problem is "solvable" are not understood or characterized. This paper describes a large set of video sequences (about 300 GB of data related to 452 sequences front 74 subjects) acquired to investigate important dimensions of this problem, such as variations due to viewpoint, footwear, and walking surface, We introduce the HumanID challenge problem. The challenge problem contains a set of experiments of increasing difficulty, a baseline algorithm, and its performance on the challenge problem. Our results suggest that differences in footwear or walking surface type between the gallery and probe video sequence are factors that affect performance. The data set, the source code for the baseline algorithm, and UNIX scripts to reproduce the basic results reported here are available to the research community at http://marathon.csee.usf.edu/GaitBaseline/. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 8 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1602-5 PY 2002 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1109/AFGR.2002.1004145 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU54S UT WOS:000176289900022 ER PT B AU Phillips, PJ Newton, EM AF Phillips, PJ Newton, EM GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Meta-analysis of face recognition algorithms SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE AND GESTURE RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY MAY 20-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc TC PAMI ID NEURAL-NETWORK; REPRESENTATION; IDENTIFICATION; PURSUIT AB To obtain a quantitative assessment of the state of automatic face recognition, we performed a meta-analysis of performance results of face recognition algorithms in the literature. The analysis was conducted on 24 papers that report identification performance on frontal facial images and used either the FERET or ORL database in their experiments. The analysis shows that control scores are predictive of performance of novel algorithms at statistically significant levels. The analysis identified three methodological areas for improvement in automatic face recognition. First, the majority of papers report experimental res tilts for face recognition problems that are already, solved. Second, authors do not adequately document their experiments. Third, performance results for novel or experimental algorithms need to be accompanied by control algorithm performance scores. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1602-5 PY 2002 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1109/AFGR.2002.1004160 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU54S UT WOS:000176289900037 ER PT J AU Gelsleichter, J Rasmussen, LEL Manire, CA Tyminski, J Chang, B Lombardi-Carlson, L AF Gelsleichter, J Rasmussen, LEL Manire, CA Tyminski, J Chang, B Lombardi-Carlson, L TI Serum steroid concentrations and development of reproductive organs during puberty in male bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bonnethead shark; puberty; spermatogenesis; steroid hormones ID DOGFISH SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA; STAGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES; ATLANTIC STINGRAY; SQUALUS TESTIS; SALMO-SALAR; FOOD-INTAKE; HORMONES; SPERMATOGENESIS; MATURATION; GROWTH AB Puberty is a critical, hormone-mediated event during which an animal acquires the ability to breed and propagate. Despite the importance of this stage in animal reproduction, little is known regarding the physiological factors that regulate and/or accompany puberty in several vertebrate groups including elasmobranchs. To address the need for such information, the present study investigated morphological and hormonal changes that occur during puberty in male bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo). Serial changes in development of claspers, paired copulatory organs in male elasmobranchs, and serum steroid concentrations during puberty were evaluated in captive-held male S. tiburo. Captive-animal studies were supplemented by observations on gonadal development, gonaduct morphology, and serum steroid concentrations in feral, peripubertal male S. tiburo. Changes in size and histological architecture of testes and gonaducts of peripubertal sharks mirrored the seasonal progression of events that occur in these structures in mature males. Claspers grew in length continuously during puberty, but sharks did not reach functional maturity until a short period before mating activity commences in the mature population. Clasper growth appeared to be strictly regulated in S. tiburo, perhaps to ensure growth of these organs to sizes deemed critical for reproductive success. Serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and 17beta-estradiol increased in both captive and feral sharks during pubertal development, and may be associated with development of the gonads and gonaducts. Differences in hormone profiles of captive and feral sharks were observed at certain periods during puberty, but their origin remains unclear. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Elasmobranch Physiol & Environm Biol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Chem Biochem & Mol Biol, Portland, OR 97291 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Gelsleichter, J (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Elasmobranch Physiol & Environm Biol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM jimg@mote.org NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 389 EP 401 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000009292.70958.65 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 754VY UT WOS:000187354100008 ER PT S AU Lofgren, BM AF Lofgren, BM BE McGinn, NA TI Global warming influences on water levels, ice, and chemical and biological cycles in lakes: Some examples SO FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries in a Changing Climate CY AUG 20-21, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-40-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 32 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV23Y UT WOS:000178304200002 ER PT S AU Brandt, SB Mason, DM McCormick, MJ Lofgren, B Hunter, TS Tyler, JA AF Brandt, SB Mason, DM McCormick, MJ Lofgren, B Hunter, TS Tyler, JA BE McGinn, NA TI Climate change: Implications for fish growth performance in the Great Lakes SO FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries in a Changing Climate CY AUG 20-21, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODELS; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; POTENTIAL CHANGES; THERMAL HABITAT; MICHIGAN; TEMPERATURE; ONTARIO; PREY; POPULATION AB Climate change will alter the thermal regime in the Great Lakes, including the onset, duration, and structure of thermal stratification. Such changes may, in turn, affect spatial distributions of planktivores, rates of food web interactions, and growth rate potential of fishes. We use predicted changes in water temperatures for the years 2030 and 2090 to evaluate growth rate potential of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and striped bass Morone saxatilis in Lake Michigan. Changes in the timing and extent of thermal stratification changed the predicted distributions of prey fish and the spatio-temporal patterns of growth potential. Overall, growth rate potential of all piscivores increased under climate warming simulations. For chinook salmon, an assumed 15% reduction of prey abundances reduced mean growth rate potential by 9%. A comparison of measured temperatures for 1996 and 1998 showed that current warm years (1998) are similar to mean conditions predicted between years 2030 and 2090. We suggest that studies of interannual variations in food web dynamics may provide insights into the potential impact of climate on fishes. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Brandt, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-40-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 32 BP 61 EP 75 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV23Y UT WOS:000178304200005 ER PT S AU Weinberg, JR Dahlgren, TG Halanych, KA AF Weinberg, JR Dahlgren, TG Halanych, KA BE McGinn, NA TI Influence of rising sea temperature on commercial bivalve species of the US Atlantic coast SO FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries in a Changing Climate CY AUG 20-21, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID QUAHOG ARCTICA-ISLANDICA; SPISULA-SOLIDISSIMA; OCEAN QUAHOG; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; DELMARVA PENINSULA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE MOLLUSKS; BOREAL MOLLUSKS; GROWTH-RATES; SURF CLAM AB Two of the most important commercial molluscan fisheries along the U.S. Atlantic coast are for ocean quahogs Arctica islandica and Atlantic surfclams Spisula solidissima. Both species are common north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, their southern boundary. This paper describes how historical and possible future changes in ocean temperature have and could impact these species and their fisheries. Ocean quahogs are typically found in cold water and population genetic data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene indicate that the species range shifted in response to environmental warming and cooling since the last ice age, 10,000 years ago. Rising sea temperature in the future would likely cause an offshore and northward contraction of the ocean quahog's range. Atlantic surfclams are not as sensitive to high temperature as ocean quahogs. However, increased sea temperatures off Delaware and Virginia may be stressful because Atlantic surfclam populations in this region already have relatively low growth rates and meat weights associated with high intraspecific density. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Weinberg, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Dahlgren, Thomas/B-1636-2010 NR 82 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-40-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 32 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV23Y UT WOS:000178304200010 ER PT S AU Parker, RO Dixon, RL AF Parker, RO Dixon, RL BE McGinn, NA TI Reef faunal response to warming middle US continental shelf waters SO FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries in a Changing Climate CY AUG 20-21, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID NORTH-CAROLINA SHELF; FISH COMMUNITIES; HIGH-DIVERSITY; GULF-STREAM; PATCH REEFS; ONSLOW BAY; CORAL; SOUTH; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS AB A North Carolina reef fish community was resurveyed with scuba gear to determine if changes occurred in community structure after 15 years of intense fishing. Generally, fishes important in the recreational and commercial fisheries were smaller, and large changes occurred in relative abundance and species composition. Indicative of a warming trend, total species composition of fishes had become more tropical, and a tropical sponge previously unrecorded at this latitude off the North Carolina coast became common. Two new (to the area) families and 29 new species of tropical fishes were recorded. Observations of 28 species of tropical reef fishes increased significantly. No new temperate species were observed, and the most abundant temperate species decreased by a factor of 22. Mean monthly bottom water temperatures in winter were 1-6degreesC warmer during the recent study. An increase in fish-cleaning symbiosis was especially noticeable. The study site is among the most northern permanent reef fish communities in the United States. Warmer bottom water temperatures along the subtidal continental shelf off Beaufort, North Carolina since 1977, have resulted in a dramatic increase in the tropical reef faunal composition. (Total species composition of fish became more tropical, and a tropical sponge previously unrecorded at this latitude became prominent.) Divers recorded two new (to the area) families and 29 new species of tropical fishes. Observations of 28 other species of tropical reef fishes increased significantly. No new temperate fishes were observed, and the most abundant temperate fish decreased 22-fold. Fishery landings data also showed a shift toward a more tropical reef fish community. (Mean monthly winter bottom water temperatures were 1-6degreesC warmer during the recent study.) This reef fish community paper along with two other demersal fauna papers indicate that thermal conditions of the oceans in general are changing and that both temperate and tropical components of the faunal communities are concurrently shifting toward a more tropical composition of species. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Parker, RO (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM pete.parker@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-40-9 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2002 VL 32 BP 141 EP 153 PG 13 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV23Y UT WOS:000178304200011 ER PT S AU Mountain, DG AF Mountain, DG BE McGinn, NA TI Potential consequences of climate change for the fish resources in the mid-Atlantic region SO FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries in a Changing Climate CY AUG 20-21, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID MAINE; GULF; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; SHELF; VARIABILITY; GROWTH; SCOTIA; BIGHT AB Anticipated changes in climate for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States seaboard likely will result in increased water temperatures, more intense development of seasonal stratification and changes in the regional circulation. Each of these factors may affect the fish stocks in the region. Direct effects would include a general northward shift in stock distributions in response to increased water temperatures, reduced reproductive success for some cold water species due to temperatures rising above the optimum for larval growth, and greater frequency of hypoxic conditions in coastal areas due to stronger stratification. Indirect effects may occur through changes in the processes controlling phytoplankton productivity and species composition and, subsequently, the productivity of the zooplankton populations that are the primary prey of larval fish. By influencing larval survival and recruitment, these bottom-up effects could represent the most important pathway for changes in climate to affect fish resources. However, evaluating the consequences of bottom up changes will require improved ecosystem modeling capability. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mountain, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-40-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 32 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV23Y UT WOS:000178304200014 ER PT J AU Sassa, C Moser, HG Kawaguchi, K AF Sassa, C Moser, HG Kawaguchi, K TI Horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of larval myctophid fishes in the Kuroshio Current region SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE horizontal distribution; Kuroshio Current region; myctophid fish larvae; vertical distribution ID SARDINOPS-MELANOSTICTUS; JAPANESE SARDINE; NORTH PACIFIC; ASSEMBLAGES AB The horizontal and vertical distribution of myctophid fish-larvae is described based on discrete depth sampling from the surface down to 200 m at seven stations on a transect crossing the Kuroshio Current on 6-9 July 1977. A total of 7819 larvae was collected. Myctophid larvae accounted for 72% of the total fish larvae and included 18 species or types belonging to 12 genera. Based on horizontal distribution patterns these species (or types) were categorized into three groups, i.e. Kuroshio-axis group (Myctophum asperum, M. orient, de, Lampadena luminosa and Symbolophorus evermanni), Kuroshio east group (Hygophum reinhardtii, Lampanyctus alatus, Diogenichthys atlanticus, Lobianchia gemellarii, M. nitidulum, Benthosema suborbitale, Lampadena sp. and Ceratoscopelus warmingii) and Pan-Kuroshio group [Diaphus stubby type (mostly D. garmani) and D. kuroshio]. Larvae of the subfamily Lampanyctinae were distributed in shallower (0-30 m) waters than those of the subfamily Myctophinae (50-150 m), while this relationship was opposite of the night-time depth distribution of adults of the two subfamilies. C1 Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Sassa, C (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2002.00182.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 520MY UT WOS:000173786700001 ER PT J AU von Szalay, PG McConnaughey, RA AF von Szalay, PG McConnaughey, RA TI The effect of slope and vessel speed on the performance of a single beam acoustic seabed classification system SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE QTC View; acoustic seabed classification; bottom types; bottom slope; vessel speed ID HABITAT; ROXANN; REEF AB Although the emergence of an acoustic single beam seabed classification system appears promising as a cost-effective tool to acquire information about bottom types, some limitations of this technology with respect to vessel speed and rough terrain have been identified. To further refine this technology, we examined the QTC View system to determine if it would work in an area such as the Gulf of Alaska, which is characterized by deep water, steep slopes, heterogeneous substrate. Studies were undertaken to evaluate the operational limits with respect to vessel speed and bottom slope. Results indicate that speeds between 3 and 12 kn have no significant effect on classification performance, but bottom slopes exceeding approximately 5-8 degrees appear to cause a complete breakdown in classification accuracy. The potential of trawl-mounted sonar systems, currently under evaluation, as a potential solution to expanded range of operation over bottom slopes is discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Szalay, PG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00309-X PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 505RL UT WOS:000172929300004 ER PT J AU Shepherd, GR Moore, CW Seagraves, RJ AF Shepherd, GR Moore, CW Seagraves, RJ TI The effect of escape vents on the capture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, in fish traps SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selectivity; fish traps; escape vents; black sea bass ID SIZE-SELECTIVITY; ATLANTIC BIGHT AB Black sea bass fisheries in the Middle Atlantic have traditionally used fish traps without escape vents that required sorting the catch by size after hauling the trap. The need to reduce discard mortality and increase the yield per recruit in sea bass fisheries prompted an investigation into the effectiveness of escape vents in the traps. An array of experimental traps using one of four escape vents openings (sizes of 2.86 cm x 14.6 cm, 3.18 cm x 14.6 cm, 3.49, cm x 14.6 cm, or 3.81 cm x 14.6 cm) was fished from May to November 1994. Use of escape vents significantly (p < 0.001) reduced catch of black sea bass in traps with the primary impact on sub-legal size fish. The optimal vent size was 2.86 cm x 14.6 em, which produced the highest ratio of legal- to sub-legal-sized sea bass. The catch of legal size sea bass was reduced in number by 3% whereas the catch of sub-legal fish was reduced to 72%. Seasonal changes in catch occurred among all vent sizes, which followed the traditional pattern of highest landings in the fall prior to the fishes migration to the outer continental shelf. The use of escape vents should result in relatively small short-term economic losses to fishermen while increasing the efficiency of fishing practices and increasing long-term yields from the fisheries. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Shepherd, GR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00305-2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 505RL UT WOS:000172929300005 ER PT J AU Hoss, DE Burke, JS AF Hoss, Donald E. Burke, John S. TI The importance of vertical movements in the early life history of marine fishes SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE migration; retention; selective tidal stream transport; swim bladder inflation AB The survival rate during the early life stages of a species is considered critical in determining a year class's contribution to a fish stock. Early life stages have often been considered passive particles and the patterns of distribution in nature the result of differential mortality due to biotic factors (food availability, predation, competition) and environmental variability (temperature, water quality and movement). Though important, this view fails to account for the different patterns of larval behavior that influence the distribution of juveniles. Examples are given to illustrate how transport and retention mechanisms are accomplished through vertically oriented behaviors. C1 [Hoss, Donald E.; Burke, John S.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Hoss, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC USA. EM don.hoss@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PY 2002 VL 68 SU 1 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V15CR UT WOS:000207780600038 ER PT J AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. TI Problems of marine mammal conservation in Southeast Asia SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dolphin; whale; porpoise; bycatch; driftnet; CMS AB The marine mammal fauna of Southeast Asia consists of approximately 30 species, about 1/4 of the world's species, and includes several endemic species or subspecies. Examples of problems of conservation include bycatch in a tuna driftnet fishery, inshore habitat degradation, and depletion of humpback whales in the Philippines; possible disappearance of dolphins and porpoises From the Mekong Delta in Vietnam; and depletion of riverine dolphins and large bycatch in a shark fishery in Indonesia. Major causative factors include over-fishing, human overpopulation, development, vulnerability of marine mammals, and evolution of bycatch into directed dolphin fisheries. Needs are for inventory (stock identification and abundance estimation), bycatch monitoring, reduction of takes to sustainable levels, and regional international cooperation. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM william.perrin@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 EI 1444-2906 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PY 2002 VL 68 SU 1 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V15CR UT WOS:000207780600054 ER PT J AU Abe, S Sato, S Kojima, H Ando, J Ando, H Wilmot, RL Seeb, LW Efremov, V Leclair, L Buchholtz, W Deuk-Hee, J Kaeriyama, M Urawa, S Urano, A AF Abe, Syuiti Sato, Shunpei Kojima, Hiroyuki Ando, Junko Ando, Hironori Wilmot, Richard L. Seeb, Lisa W. Efremov, Vradimir Leclair, Larry Buchholtz, Wally Deuk-Hee, Jin Kaeriyama, Masahide Urawa, Shigehiko Urano, Akihisa TI Development of molecular markers for genetic stock identification of chum salmon SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; stock identification; mitochondrial DNA; nucleotide sequence; haplotype; microsatellite DNA; genetic variation ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; POPULATIONS; ALASKA AB We are conducting a collaborative study to develop molecular markers and baseline information for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) to address stock identification problems and other issues. To date, more than 2,000 individuals representing 46 populations from Japan/Korea, Russia and North America (Alaska, British Columbia and Washington) have been evaluated with mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence variation and/or at five microsatellite (ms) DNA loci. Analysis of mtDNA disclosed a greater genetic variation in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America and a distinct genetic differentiation among the three regional groups of populations, in addition to more than 20 region-specific haplotypes. Similar genetic variation was also found using msDNA, although allelic variation was different among the examined loci. Besides estimation of the genetic differentiation and stock origin of chum salmon, our DNA markers, particularly mtDNA analysis, may provide a useful means for understanding the historical origin and the formation of population structure in this species. C1 [Abe, Syuiti; Ando, Junko] Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Sato, Shunpei; Ando, Hironori; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Kojima, Hiroyuki; Kaeriyama, Masahide] Hokaido Tokai Univ, Grad Sch Sci Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Wilmot, Richard L.] NOAA, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Seeb, Lisa W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Efremov, Vradimir] Russian Acad Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. [Leclair, Larry] Natl Mar Fish Serv, NFSC, Seattle, WA USA. [Buchholtz, Wally] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Deuk-Hee, Jin] Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Urawa, Shigehiko] Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RI Kaeriyama, Masahide/A-8500-2012 FU Fisheries Agency; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan FX This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Fisheries Agency and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PY 2002 VL 68 SU 1 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V15CR UT WOS:000207780600082 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Fahay, MP Able, KW AF McBride, RS Fahay, MP Able, KW TI Larval and settlement periods of the northern searobin (Prionotus carolinus) and the striped searobin (P-evolans) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC BIGHT; ABUNDANCE; FISH; SEASONALITY; INDICATORS; BAY AB This study reports new information about searobin (Prionotus spp.) early life history from samples collected with a Tucker trawl (for planktonic stages) and a beam trawl (for newly settled fish) from the coastal waters of New Jersey. Northern searobin, Prionotus carolinus, were much more numerous than striped searobin, P. evolans, often by an order of magnitude. Larval Prionotus were collected during the period July-October and their densities peaked during September. For both species, notochord flexion was complete at 6-7 mm standard length (SL) and individuals settled at 8-9 mm SL. Flexion occurred as early as 13 days after hatching and settlement occurred as late as 25 days after hatching, according to ages estimated from sagittal microincrements. Both species settled directly in continental shelf habitats without evidence of delayed metamorphosis. Spawning, larval dispersal, or settlement may have occurred within certain estuaries, particularly for P. evolans; thus collections from shelf areas alone do not permit estimates of total larval production or settlement rates. Reproductive seasonality of P. carolinus and P. evolans may vary with respect to latitude and coastal depth. In this study, hatching dates and sizes of age-0 P. carolinus varied with respect to depth or distance from the New Jersey shore. Older and larger age-0 individuals were found in deeper waters. These variations in searobin age and size appear to be the combined result of intraspecific variations in searobin reproductive seasonality and the limited capability of searobin eggs and larvae to disperse. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sandy Hook Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Florida Marine Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517UV UT WOS:000173629300007 ER PT J AU Potts, JC Manooch, CS AF Potts, JC Manooch, CS TI Estimated ages of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data and a comparison of growth parameters SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; MORTALITY; SPARIDAE AB The red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, is an important reef fish in several offshore fisheries along the southeastern United States. We examined samples from North Carolina through southeast Florida from recreational (headboat) and commercial (hook and line) fisheries, as well as samples from a fishery-independent source. Red porgy attain a maximum age of at least 18 years and 733 mm total length. The weight-length relationship is represented by the In-In transformed equation: W = 8.85 x 10(-6)(L)(3.06), where W = whole weight in grams, and L = total length in mm. The von Bertalanffy growth equation fitted to the most recent, back-calculated lengths from all the samples is L-t = 644(1-e(-0.15(t +) (0.76))). Our study revealed a difference in mean length at age of red porgy from the three sources, Red porgy in fishery-independent collections were smaller at age than specimens examined from fishery-dependent sources. The difference in length-at-age may be related to gear selectivity and have important consequences in the assessment of fish stocks. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Potts, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM jennifer.potts@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517UV UT WOS:000173629300009 ER PT J AU Zug, GR Balazs, GH Wetherall, JA Parker, DM Murakawa, SKK AF Zug, GR Balazs, GH Wetherall, JA Parker, DM Murakawa, SKK TI Age and growth of Hawaiian green seaturtles (Chelonia mydas): an analysis based on skeletochronology SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; RATES AB Skeletochronological data on growth changes in humerus diameter were used to estimate the age of Hawaiian green seaturtles ranging from 28.7 to 96.0 cm straight carapace length. Two age estimation methods, correction factor and spline integration, were compared, giving age estimates ranging from 4.1 to 34.6 and from 3.3 to 49.4 yr respectively, for the sample data. Mean growth rates of Hawaiian green seaturtles are 4-5 cm/yr in early juveniles, decline to a relatively constant rate of about 2 cm/yr by age 10 yr then decline again to less than 1 cm/yr as turtles near age 30 yr. On average, age estimates from the two techniques differed by just a few years for juvenile turtles, but by wider margins for mature turtles. The spline-integration method models the curvilinear relationship between humerus diameter and the width of periosteal growth increments within the humerus, and offers several advantages over the correction-factor approach. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Zug, GR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517UV UT WOS:000173629300012 ER PT J AU DiNardo, GT DeMartini, EE Haight, WR AF DiNardo, GT DeMartini, EE Haight, WR TI Estimates of lobster-handling mortality associated with the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands lobster-trap fishery SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DiNardo, GT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517UV UT WOS:000173629300013 ER PT J AU Graves, JE Luckhurst, BE Prince, ED AF Graves, JE Luckhurst, BE Prince, ED TI An evaluation of pop-up satellite tags for estimating postrelease survival of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) from a recreational fishery SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPORTFISHING GEAR; ATLANTIC; TUNA; MOVEMENTS C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Dept Agr & Fisheries, Div Fisheries, Crawl CRBX, Bermuda. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33146 USA. RP Graves, JE (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Rt 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 14 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 134 EP 142 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517UV UT WOS:000173629300014 ER PT B AU Dabrowski, C Mills, K Elder, J AF Dabrowski, C Mills, K Elder, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Understanding consistency maintenance in service discovery architectures in response to message loss SO FOURTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ACTIVE MIDDLEWARE SERVICES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services (AMS) CY JUL 23, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Natl Sci Fdn, Univ SO Calif, Univ Arizona, Ctr Adv TeleSysMat AB Current trends suggest future software systems will comprise collections of components that combine and recombine dynamically in reaction to changing conditions. Service-discovery protocols, which enable software components to locate available software services and to adapt to changing system topology, provide one foundation for such dynamic behavior. Emerging discovery protocols specify alternative architectures and behaviors, which motivate a rigorous investigation of the properties underlying their designs. Here, we assess the ability of selected designs for service-discovery protocols to maintain consistency in a distributed system during severe message loss. We use an architecture description language, called Rapide,, to model two different architectures (two-party and three-party) and two different consistency-maintenance mechanisms (polling and notification). We use our models to investigate performance differences among combinations of architecture and consistency-maintenance mechanism as message-loss rate increases. We measure system performance along three dimensions: (1) update responsiveness (How much latency is required to propagate changes?), (2) update effectiveness (What is the probability that a node receives. a change?), and (3) update efficiency (How many messages must be sent to propagate a change throughout the topology?). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dabrowski, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1721-8 PY 2002 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1109/AMS.2002.1029690 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BU96L UT WOS:000177509600007 ER PT B AU Hicks, BB AF Hicks, BB GP AMS AMS TI A continental USA climatology of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium scavenging ratios SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DEPOSITION C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC-3,1315 EastWest Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000003 ER PT B AU Zamora, RJ Bao, JW White, AB Solomon, S Wilczak, JM AF Zamora, RJ Bao, JW White, AB Solomon, S Wilczak, JM GP AMS AMS TI Comparing MM5 predicted radiative fluxes with observations taken during the TEXAQS 2000 air quality experiment SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zamora, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 192 EP 193 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000040 ER PT B AU Williams, EJ Hereid, D Murphy, PC Fehsenfeld, FC AF Williams, EJ Hereid, D Murphy, PC Fehsenfeld, FC GP AMS AMS TI Measurements of photochemical species at La Porte Airport during TEXAQS-2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 202 EP 203 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000044 ER PT B AU Bianco, L Wilczak, JM AF Bianco, L Wilczak, JM GP AMS AMS TI A fuzzy logic method for estimating the convective boundary layer mixing depth SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RP Wilczak, JM (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, R ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000045 ER PT B AU Grell, GA McKeen, S Michalakes, J Bao, JW Trainer, M Hsie, EY AF Grell, GA McKeen, S Michalakes, J Bao, JW Trainer, M Hsie, EY GP AMS AMS TI Real-time simultaneous prediction of air pollution and weather during the Houston 2000 field experiment SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MODEL; DEPOSITION; MULTISCALE C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Univ Colorado, NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000050 ER PT B AU White, AB White, DE Angevine, WM Knupp, K Coulter, R Martin, T Hubbe, J White, D AF White, AB White, DE Angevine, WM Knupp, K Coulter, R Martin, T Hubbe, J White, D GP AMS AMS TI The TEXAQS-2000 edited wind profiler dataset SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CONTAMINATION C1 NOAA, ETL, RET7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, RET7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 228 EP 231 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000051 ER PT B AU Bao, JW McKeen, SA Grell, GA Trainer, M Hsie, EY AF Bao, JW McKeen, SA Grell, GA Trainer, M Hsie, EY GP AMS AMS TI A comparison of meteorological observations with the output of a real-time weather-chemistry forecasting model during the Texas AQS 2000 field experiment SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bao, JW (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 232 EP 233 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000052 ER PT B AU Solomon, S Melamed, ML Daniel, JS Langford, AO Portmann, RW AF Solomon, S Melamed, ML Daniel, JS Langford, AO Portmann, RW GP AMS AMS TI Reactive nitrogen emissions from point sources in Houston using visible spectroscopy measurements from aircraft SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ABSORPTION AB Nitrogen dioxide column abundances were measured during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using visible absorption spectroscopy from an aircraft. The method allows for quantification of the total number of nitrogen dioxide molecules in the troposphere and is hence a useful tool for measuring the burden of this key trace gas. In particular, we focus here on observations carried out in and around Houston, including focused flights to measure the fluxes of nitrogen dioxide emitted from power plants. This remote sensing technique can be used to infer fluxes irrespective of the aircraft altitude, and the height or uniformity of the boundary layer. We show that our nitrogen dioxide complements in-situ methods and allows for a more comprehensive understanding of point source emissions. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 254 EP 257 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000059 ER PT B AU Neuman, JA Dissly, RW Holocek, JC Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Holloway, JS Hubler, G Parrish, DD Sueper, DT Fehsenfeld, FC Flocke, F Weinheimer, AJ Huey, LG AF Neuman, JA Dissly, RW Holocek, JC Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Holloway, JS Hubler, G Parrish, DD Sueper, DT Fehsenfeld, FC Flocke, F Weinheimer, AJ Huey, LG GP AMS AMS TI Nitric acid formation in urban, power plant, and industrial plumes during the texas air quality study SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL 7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 258 EP 259 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000060 ER PT B AU Brock, CA Trainer, M Ryerson, TB Neuman, JA Parrish, DD Holloway, JS Wilson, JC AF Brock, CA Trainer, M Ryerson, TB Neuman, JA Parrish, DD Holloway, JS Wilson, JC GP AMS AMS TI Particle growth in urban and industrial plumes in Texas SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SPECTROMETER; SIZE C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 325 Broadway,R-AL 7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 260 EP 262 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000061 ER PT B AU Banta, RM Senff, CJ Darby, LS Ryerson, TB Trainer, M Alvarez, RJ AF Banta, RM Senff, CJ Darby, LS Ryerson, TB Trainer, M Alvarez, RJ GP AMS AMS TI 3-D distribution of ozone during the major pollution event of 30 August 2000 during TexAQS 2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, ET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, ET2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000063 ER PT B AU Senff, CJ Banta, RM Darby, LS Alvarez, RJ Sandberg, SP Hardesty, RM Angevine, WM Ryerson, TB Wert, BP AF Senff, CJ Banta, RM Darby, LS Alvarez, RJ Sandberg, SP Hardesty, RM Angevine, WM Ryerson, TB Wert, BP GP AMS AMS TI Horizontal and vertical distribution of ozone in the Houston area during the 8/29 9/6/2000 pollution episode SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; AIRBORNE C1 NOAA, ETL, REET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Senff, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, REET2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 270 EP 273 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000064 ER PT B AU Angevine, WM White, AB Knupp, K Coulter, R Martin, T Doran, C White, D AF Angevine, WM White, AB Knupp, K Coulter, R Martin, T Doran, C White, D GP AMS AMS TI Mixing depth variability in the Houston area during texaqs2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, CIRES, 325 Broadway,RAL 3, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 274 EP 277 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000065 ER PT B AU Darby, LS Banta, RM Marchbanks, RD Senff, CJ Williams, EJ AF Darby, LS Banta, RM Marchbanks, RD Senff, CJ Williams, EJ GP AMS AMS TI Relationship between mean wind direction and ozone trends at Laporte, Texas SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ETL, REET2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Darby, LS (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, REET2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000066 ER PT B AU McKeen, SA Grell, G Bao, JW Trainer, M Hsie, EY AF McKeen, SA Grell, G Bao, JW Trainer, M Hsie, EY GP AMS AMS TI Results from the NOAA, FSL photochemical forecast model: Comparisons to aircraft and surface data during TEXAQS-2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McKeen, SA (reprint author), NOAA, RAL4,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 282 EP 283 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000067 ER PT S AU Freiman, S AF Freiman, S BE Salem, JA Quinn, GD Jenkins, MG TI Failure from large grains in polycrystalline ceramics: Transitions in fracture toughness SO FRACTURE RESISTANCE TESTING OF MONOLITHIC AND COMPOSITE BRITTLE MATERIALS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture Resistance Testing of Monolithic and Composite Brittle Materials CY NOV 14, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASTM Comm C28 Adv Ceram DE ceramics; fracture toughness; grain size; polycrystalline toughness; single crystal toughness ID SIZE; DEPENDENCE; ENERGY AB This paper addresses issues of fracture for materials in which large grains, exist in a matrix of much smaller grains. Polycrystalline ZnS and ZnSe, used for optical components, frequently fall into this category. For material microstructures of this character failure can occur from flaws contained within the isolated large grains so that the governing fracture toughness is that of a single crystal of the material, rather than that of the polycrystalline matrix. I point out that there are currently limitations and uncertainties associated with the most popular experimental procedure available to determine the fracture toughness for small crystals. As an alternative to testing, I discuss the state of our ability to predict fracture toughness based solely on knowledge of lattice parameters and elastic properties, The historical background and examples of such a prediction technique are demonstrated. Second, the role of microstructure in governing the transition from single crystal to polycrystalline values of toughness is shown. I postulate that mixed mode fracture mechanics expressions can be used to explain the transition in fracture toughness. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freiman, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2880-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1409 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1520/STP10469S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BT94R UT WOS:000174533300002 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, RJ Salem, JA Swab, JJ AF Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, RJ Salem, JA Swab, JJ BE Salem, JA Quinn, GD Jenkins, MG TI Does anyone know the real fracture toughness? SRM 2100: The world's first ceramic fracture toughness reference material SO FRACTURE RESISTANCE TESTING OF MONOLITHIC AND COMPOSITE BRITTLE MATERIALS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture Resistance Testing of Monolithic and Composite Brittle Materials CY NOV 14, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASTM Comm C28 Adv Ceram DE fracture toughness; ceramics; surface crack in flexure; chevron notch; precracked beam; reference material; round robin; VAMAS AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2100 is the first reference material in the world for the property fracture toughness. The SRM was developed in tandem with the new ASTM test method C 1421-99. The SRM also supports two International Standards Organization (ISO) draft standards now under development in ISO Committee TC 206, Fine Ceramics. The SRM is a set of five silicon nitride test specimens. The SRM may be used with any credible ceramic fracture toughness test method, but has been optimized for test methods that use beams in bending. Identical results are obtained with single-edge precracked beam, chevron-notched beam, and surface crack in flexure methods. SRM 2100 should dramatically improve fracture toughness testing and enhance data quality around the world. This paper describes SRM 2 100 and its creation. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2880-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1409 BP 76 EP 92 DI 10.1520/STP10472S PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BT94R UT WOS:000174533300005 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, GD BE Salem, JA Quinn, GD Jenkins, MG TI The fracture toughness round robins in VAMAS: What we have learned SO FRACTURE RESISTANCE TESTING OF MONOLITHIC AND COMPOSITE BRITTLE MATERIALS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture Resistance Testing of Monolithic and Composite Brittle Materials CY NOV 14, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASTM Comm C28 Adv Ceram DE fracture toughness; ceramics; surface crack in flexure; chevron notch; precracked beam; single-edge precracked beam; reference material; round robin; VAMAS ID INDENTATION TECHNIQUES AB Over the last 13 years the Versailles project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) has conducted five full fledged, international round robins on ceramic fracture toughness characterization. As many as forty laboratories have done thousands of experiments on silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, alumina, zirconia-alumina composite, and whisker-reinforced alumina. Test methods have included single-edged precracked beam, single-edged V-notched beam, chevron-notched beam, surface crack in flexure, indentation strength, and indentation crack length. Highlights of these projects are presented along with some lessons learned about round robins in general. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Stop 8521, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2880-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1409 BP 107 EP 126 DI 10.1520/STP10474S PG 20 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BT94R UT WOS:000174533300007 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rodriguez, H AF Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rodriguez, H TI Measurement of oxidative DNA damage by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 1 MA 139 BP S55 EP S56 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 578AY UT WOS:000177096300139 ER PT J AU Hazra, TK Izumi, T Kow, YW Boldogh, I Hatahet, Z Mokkapati, S Dizdaroglu, M Mitra, S AF Hazra, TK Izumi, T Kow, YW Boldogh, I Hatahet, Z Mokkapati, S Dizdaroglu, M Mitra, S TI Characterization of a newly discovered family of human DNA glycosylases for repair of oxidatively damaged DNA bases SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 UTMB, HBC&G, Galveston, TX USA. EUSM, Atlanta, GA USA. UT Hlth Sci Ctr, Tyler, TX USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 247 BP S384 EP S384 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600265 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rodriguez, H Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rodriguez, H Dizdaroglu, M TI Measurement of oxidative DNA damage by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Inonu Univ, Malatya, Turkey. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 258 BP S387 EP S387 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600276 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, H Birincioglu, M Jaruga, P Barker, PE O'Connell, C Dizdaroglu, M AF Rodriguez, H Birincioglu, M Jaruga, P Barker, PE O'Connell, C Dizdaroglu, M TI Biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage used to detect genetic changes in tissue-engineered skin SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inonu Univ, Malatya, Turkey. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 273 BP S390 EP S391 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600291 ER PT S AU Williams, CJ Tang, X Hiekkero, M Rouzaud, J Lu, RC Goedecke, A Migdall, A Mink, A Nakassis, A Pibida, L Wen, J Hagley, E Clark, CW AF Williams, CJ Tang, X Hiekkero, M Rouzaud, J Lu, RC Goedecke, A Migdall, A Mink, A Nakassis, A Pibida, L Wen, J Hagley, E Clark, CW BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI A high speed quantum communication testbed SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE quantum cryptography; free-space optical communications; gigabit ethernet AB We describe the status of the NIST Quantum Communication Testbed (QCT) facility. QCT is a facility for exploring quantum communication in an environment similar to that projected for early commercial implementations: quantum cryptographic key exchange on a gigabit/second free-space optical (FSO) channel. Its purpose is to provide an open platform for testing and validating performance in the application, network, and physical layers of quantum communications systems. The channel uses modified commercial FSO equipment to link two buildings on the Gaithersburg, MD campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), separated by approximately 600 meters. At the time of writing, QCT is under construction; it will eventually be made available to the research community as a user facility. This paper presents the basic design considerations underlying QCT, and reports the status of the project. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.451002 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300042 ER PT S AU Migdall, AL Branning, D Castelletto, S Ware, A AF Migdall, AL Branning, D Castelletto, S Ware, A BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Single photon source with individualized single photon certifications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE single photon; quantum cryptography; parametric downconversion; heralded photon ID PRACTICAL QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; TURNSTILE DEVICE; KEY DISTRIBUTION; BELL THEOREM; FREE-SPACE; STATES; DOT AB As currently implemented, single-photon sources cannot be made to produce single photons with high probability, while simultaneously suppressing the probability of yielding two or more photons. Because of this, single photon sources cannot really produce single photons on demand. We describe a multiplexed system that allows the probabilities of producing one and more photons to be adjusted independently, enabling a much better approximation of a source of single photons on demand. The scheme uses a heralded photon source based on parametric downconversion, but by effectively breaking the trigger detector area into multiple regions, we are able to extract more information about a heralded photon than is possible with a conventional arrangement. This scheme allows photons to be produced along with a quantitative "certification" that they are single photons. Some of the single-photon certifications can be significantly better than what is possible with conventional downconversion sources (using a unified trigger detector region), as well as being better than faint laser sources. With such a source of more tightly certified single photons, it should be possible to improve the maximum secure bit rate possible over a quantum cryptographic link. We present an analysis of the relative merits of this method over the conventional arrangement. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migdall, AL (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Castelletto, Stefania/C-7177-2011; castelletto, stefania/G-1516-2011; OI Castelletto, Stefania/0000-0002-8675-2291 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1117/12.452038 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300046 ER PT B AU Matyi, RJ Long, GG Volz, HM AF Matyi, RJ Long, GG Volz, HM BE Billinge, SJL Thorpe, MF TI High resolution diffuse x-ray scattering by protein crystals - From hk1 to 000 SO FROM SEMICONDUCTORS TO PROTEINS: BEYOND THE AVERAGE STRUCTURE SE FUNDAMENTAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT From Semiconductors to Proteins Workshop CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2001 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MI ID LYSOZYME CRYSTALS; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION ANALYSES; TETRAGONAL LYSOZYME; GROWTH-KINETICS; PERFECTION; TOPOGRAPHY; IMPURITIES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLIZATION C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matyi, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47239-2 J9 FUNDMAT RES PY 2002 BP 257 EP 278 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU64N UT WOS:000176592200015 ER PT S AU Prosandeev, S Cockayne, E Burton, B AF Prosandeev, S Cockayne, E Burton, B BE Cohen, RE TI First principles studies of KNbO3, KTaO3 and LiTaO3 solid solutions SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; K1-XLIXTAO3; FERROELECTRICITY; DYNAMICS; CHARGES; PHASE AB KTaO3-based solid solutions exhibit a variety of interesting physical phenomena. To better understand these phenomena, we performed first-principles calculations on [K1-x,Li-x]TaO3 (KLT) and K[Ta1-x,Nb-x]O-3 (KTN) supercells. Our results show Li displacements and potential barrier heights in KLT that are in excellent agreement with values obtained from experimental fits. Dramatic changes in B-site dynamical charges occur in KTN in response to changes in near neighbor (nn) coordination. These effects can be explained by heterogeneity in the local electronic dielectric permittivity. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prosandeev, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 64 EP 73 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700008 ER PT S AU Gehring, PM Wakimoto, S Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Gehring, PM Wakimoto, S Ye, ZG Shirane, G BE Cohen, RE TI Ferroelectric dynamics in the perovskite relaxor PMN SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; ANOMALIES; BEHAVIOR; MODES AB We review results obtained from recent neutron scattering studies of the lead-oxide class of perovskite relaxors PMN and PZN. A ferroelectric soft mode has been identified in PMN at 1100 K that becomes overdamped near 620 K. This is the same temperature at which polar nanoregions (PNR) begin to form, denoted by T-d, and suggests that a direct connection exists between the soft mode and the PKR. The appearance of diffuse scattering intensity at T-d reported by Naberezhnov et al. lends further support to this picture. At lower temperature the soft mode in PMN reappears close to T-c = 213 K (defined only for E > E-c). These results are provocative because the dynamics below T-c are characteristic of an ordered ferroelectric state, yet they occur in a system that remains cubic on average at all temperatures. We discuss a coupled-mode model that successfully describes these data as well as those from earlier lattice dynamical studies of other perovskites such as BaTiO3. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700011 ER PT S AU Jach, T Kim, S Durbin, S Gopalan, V Bright, D AF Jach, T Kim, S Durbin, S Gopalan, V Bright, D BE Cohen, RE TI Real-time studies of strains at ferroelectric domain walls under an applied field SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID LINBO3 CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; 180-DEGREES AB We report on an improved method of visualizing domain wall strains in congruent ferroelectric crystals, such as LiNbO3, with Bragg x-ray topography. Using monochromatic synchrotron undulator radiation and a magnifying x-ray camera, we are able to image domains created by electric field poling, as well as the strain associated with the domains, in real time. With the application of an electric field below the coercive field, we observe unexpected domain wall deformations. Piezoelectric strains are also shown to create observable surface deformations. The deformations are precursors to 180degrees domain switching. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700030 ER PT S AU Slutsker, J Artemev, A Roytburd, AL AF Slutsker, J Artemev, A Roytburd, AL BE Cohen, RE TI Elastic domain architectures in constrained layers SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID PHASE-FIELD MODEL; THIN-FILMS; POLYDOMAIN HETEROSTRUCTURES; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSITIONS AB The formation of elastic domains in transforming constrained films is a mechanism of relaxation of internal stresses caused by the misfit between a film and a substrate. The formation and evolution of polydomain microstructure as a result of the cubic-tetragonal transformation in a constrained layer are investigated by phase-field simulation. It has been shown that the three-domain hierarchical structure can be formed in the epitaxial films. With changing a fraction of out-of-plane domain there are two types of morphological transitions: from the three-domain structure to the two-domain one and from the hierarchical three-domain structure to the cellular three-domain structure. The results of the phase-field simulation are compared with available experimental data on 90degrees domain structures in epitaxial ferroelectric films. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 266 EP 276 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700031 ER PT B AU Rush, JJ Udovic, TJ AF Rush, JJ Udovic, TJ BE Taylor, PR Chandra, D Bautista, RG TI Modern neutron methods for the study of hydrogen in materials SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; PROTON DIFFUSION; SOLID C-60; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; TECHNOLOGY; STANDARDS AB Neutron scattering and analysis techniques are extremely powerful, often unique, probes for the characterization of the amount, location, bonding states, and dynamics of hydrogen in all classes of materials. Developments over the past decade at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and elsewhere have greatly increased the sensitivity and dynamic range of neutron methods. In this paper, we provide a flavor of the capabilities of modem neutron instrumentation for the study of hydrogen in a number of technologically interesting systems, including metal hydrides, fuel-cell materials, fullerenes, and disordered carbons. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rush, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-516-6 PY 2002 BP 161 EP 171 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU23A UT WOS:000175404000015 ER PT J AU Morgan, JW Walker, RJ Horan, MF Beary, ES Naldrett, AJ AF Morgan, JW Walker, RJ Horan, MF Beary, ES Naldrett, AJ TI Pt-190-Os-186 and Re-187-Os-187 systematics of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; OS ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; DISTINCT CRUSTAL SOURCES; CORE-MANTLE INTERACTION; SOUTH RANGE ORES; IRON-METEORITES; IMPACT STRUCTURE; OSMIUM; ORIGIN AB We measured by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (NTIMS) Re, Os and (OS)-O-186/(OS)-O-188 and (OS)-O-197/(OS)-O-188 in 26 samples of 18 Ni-Cu sulfide ores from the Falconbridge, McCreedy West, and Strathcona mines at Sudbury, Ontario. At McCreedy West and Falconbridge, the isochron Re-Os ages are 1835 +/- 70 Ma and 1827 +/- 340 Ma, and the initial Os-187/Os-188 ratios 0.514 +/- 0.019 and 0.550 +/- 0.024, respectively. The ages agree with the canonical value of 1850 +/- 1 Ma for the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). For Hangingwall and Deep Zone ores at Strathcona, the age of 1780 +/- 7 Ma may reflect resetting by dyke activity. The high initial (OS)-O-187/Os-188 of 0.934 +/- 0.005 in these ores is distinct from those at McCreedy West and Falconbridge. Stratheona Deep Copper Zone ores have highly radiogenic Os giving a mean model age of 1883 +/- 54 Ma that is similar to ages at McCreedy West and Falconbridge, but distinct from other Strathcona sulfides. Initial Os-186/Os-188 in two Strathcona ores with low Pt-190/Os-188 average 0.119 826 +/- 0.000 009 (n = 3) and 0. 119 827 +/- 0.000 004 (n = 3), respectively, with a grand mean of 0. 119 827 +/- 0.000 003. This ratio may be slightly lower than the chondritic value at that time. Similar ores at Falconbridge and McCreedy West show more scatter, averaging 0. 119 855 +/- 0.000 008 (n = 6) and 0. 119 867 +/- 0.000 020 (n = 3), respectively. These values are substantially suprachondritic. The Re-Os isotope systematics of Sudbury ores are clearly of crustal origin and may be derived from a binary mixture of Superior Province and Huronian metasedimentary rocks, with Stratheona, Falconbridge, and McCreedy West ores containing, respectively, 55%, 16%, and 12% of Os from Superior sediments. The suprachondritic (OS)-O-186/Os-188 at McCreedy West and Falconbridge may be due to admixture of Archean or Paleozoic maric rocks with Pt-190/(OS)-O-188 approximate to 0.1. No trace of the asteroid that produced the Sudbury Structure has been reported. At the Whistle mine S-poor olivine melanorite inclusions with high Ni and Os and low (OS)-O-187/(OS)-O-188 may contain the signature of a magmatically fractionated asteroidal core contributing 1 to 2.5 % metal. The S-poor melanorite Ni and Os data are equally well explained by admixture of approximate to40% mantle peridotite, however. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Morgan, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 74 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00768-2 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 512TT UT WOS:000173340200007 ER PT B AU Kim, BC Cho, YZ Lee, JH Choi, YS Montgomery, D AF Kim, BC Cho, YZ Lee, JH Choi, YS Montgomery, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance of optical burst switching techniques in multi-hop networks SO GLOBECOM'02: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE RECORDS: THE WORLD CONVERGES SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 02) CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP IEEE, ICC GLOBECOM ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this paper, we investigate the performance of reservation mechanisms for optical burst switching (OBS) in multiple hop network environments. We first review current research on wavelength reservation schemes for OBS, and investigate the path length priority effect of existing just-enough-time (JET) scheme. And then, we propose a novel hop-by-hop priority increasing (HPI) scheme. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme could avoid the path length priority effect and enhance the end-to-end throughput in multiple hop network environments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7632-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2002 BP 2772 EP 2776 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW47W UT WOS:000182118500548 ER PT S AU Roman, DR Smith, DA AF Roman, DR Smith, DA BE Sideris, MG TI Recent investigations toward achieving a one centimeter geoid SO GRAVITY GEOID AND GEODYNAMICS 2000 SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Geodynamics (GGG 2000) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Int Assoc Geodesy DE geoid; GPS; leveling; Helmert gravity anomalies AB New research is discussed that relates to improving techniques of hybrid geoid generation and the use of Helmert condensation of surface free-air gravity anomalies. New approaches are examined for modeling signal remaining between a regional gravimetric geoid, G99SSS, and a database of GPS-derived ellipsoid heights at 6169 spirit-leveled benchmarks. One approach reduced the remaining unmodeled signal by one centimeter or about 20% over the approach used for GEOID99. Helmert condensation also offers a solution to improving regional geoids. This approach models the gravitational effects of the terrain masses using fast Fourier transforms for outer-zone (>4degrees) contributions and spherical, space-domain calculations for the inner-zone. The effects of the 3D masses are removed from the surface anomalies, which are then downward continued to the geoid where the effects of the 2D masses (condensed onto the geoid) are restored. This approach removes the approximation of Faye gravity anomalies and permits downward continuation in the smoother gravity field where the terrain has been removed. Preliminary investigations have begun on this approach that demonstrate the viability of modeling the 3D and 2D terrain masses as compared to other approaches. C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Roman, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 E West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 3-540-42469-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2002 VL 123 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BT80C UT WOS:000174088700048 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, ST AF Kalinowski, ST TI How many alleles per locus should be used to estimate genetic distances? SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE genetic distance; estimation; alleles; sampling; population genetics ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MOLECULAR-DATA; POPULATIONS AB As more microsatellite loci become available for use in genetic surveys of population structure, population geneticists are able to select loci to use in population structure surveys. This study used computer simulations to investigate how the number of alleles at loci affects the precision of estimates of four common genetic distances. This showed that equivalent results could be achieved by examining either a few loci with many alleles or many loci with a few alleles. More specifically, the total number of independent alleles appears to be a good indicator of how precise estimates of genetic distance will be. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kalinowski, ST (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Kalinowski, Steven/A-7607-2008 NR 12 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JAN PY 2002 VL 88 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1038/sj/hdy/6800009 PN 1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 562TE UT WOS:000176214400011 PM 11813108 ER PT S AU Deng, Y Lawn, BR Lloyd, IK AF Deng, Y Lawn, BR Lloyd, IK BE Gong, J Pan, W TI Damage characterization of dental materials in ceramic-based crown-like layer structures SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS 2001, PROCEEDINGS SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics (CICC-2) CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL KUNMING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Ceram Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Amer Ceram Soc, Australian Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Ceram Soc, Int Ceram Federat, Korean Ceram Soc, Russian Ceram Soc, IEEE UFFC, Beijing Chapter, Chinese Inst Electr, Chinese Mat Res Soc, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, Chinese Soc Composite Mat, Chinese Soc Electr Components, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Comm Mat & Technol DE damage modes; all-ceramic crown; layer structure; bilayer; tri-layer; radial crack ID FRACTURE AB A materials perspective of layered dental material systems representing tooth and crown structures is presented. In this study, failure modes in model bilayers and tri-layers with relatively hard, brittle ceramic (veneer and veneer/core) outer-layers on soft, tough (dentin-like) under-layers are evaluated. Contact testing simulating dental function on model layer systems with selected monolith or double-layer ceramic plates bonded to transparent polycarbonate substrates is used as a means for investigating the evolution of clinically relevant fracture modes. Data for the critical contact loads to initiate different damage modes in the ceramic layers are presented. These data quantify resistance of any given dental material to lifetime-threatening damage, especially subsurface radial cracking (but also other, upper-surface modes), thereby providing a sound basis for materials selection and design. We demonstrate how such data may be used to rank dental ceramics for damage resistance. The role of controlling material properties in determining damage resistance, especially strength, will be discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-897-4 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 224-2 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU56L UT WOS:000176367400098 ER PT J AU Haynes, WM Sengers, JV Jacobsen, RT Friend, DG AF Haynes, WM Sengers, JV Jacobsen, RT Friend, DG TI History of the Symposium on Thermophysical Properties SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article AB The Symposium on Thermophysical Properties represents a series of conferences that started in 1959 at Purdue University, which at that time was the home of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center (TPRC) founded by Professor Yeram S Touloukian. The K-7 Standing Committee on Thermophysical Properties of the Heat Transfer Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers retains responsibility for the organization of the Symposium; the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides institutional support and sponsorship of the Symposium. The Symposium has been convened approximately every three years since 1959, with the Fourteenth Symposium held most recently in 2000 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. The significance of Touloukian's contributions to the Symposium was recognized by the establishment of the Yeram S Touloukian Award that is presented at the Symposium for outstanding technical contributions in the field of thermophysical properties. The Symposium is concerned with the theoretical, experimental, and applied aspects of the thermophysical properties of gases, liquids, and solids. Such topics as thermodynamic properties, transport properties, optical and thermal radiative properties, interfacial properties, and data correlation are covered in the program of the Symposium. This paper provides summaries of the fourteen symposia held from 1959 to 2000; there is a focus on the multi-disciplinary nature of the conference and a discussion on the impact of the Symposium on many other fields of research and on industry. The initial purpose of the Symposium was to provide a forum for the presentation and exchange of thermophysical properties data and information. The Symposium still serves this purpose on an international level, along with the other major thermophysical properties conferences in Europe and Asia. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Haynes, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1068/htjr038 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 558JG UT WOS:000175962100013 ER PT J AU Terashima, N Hafren, J Westermark, U VanderHart, DL AF Terashima, N Hafren, J Westermark, U VanderHart, DL TI Nondestructive analysis of lignin structure by NMR Spectroscopy of specifically C-13-enriched lignins Part 1. Solid state study of Ginkgo wood SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE lignin; protolignin; coniferin; C-13-enrichment; solid state C-13-NMR; ginkgo ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIDE-CHAIN CARBONS; SELECTIVE C-13 ENRICHMENT; DEFINED MORPHOLOGICAL PARTS; CELL-WALL; DIFFERENTIATING XYLEM; MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES; RADIOTRACER METHOD; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; HETEROGENEITY AB Guaiacyl-type lignin is the major component of ginkgo lignin. Specific C-13- -enrichment of alpha, beta and gamma-carbons of the guaiacylpropane side chains was achieved by administration of coniferin-[alpha-C-13], coniferin-[beta-C-13] and coniferin-[gamma-C-13], respectively, to growing stems of ginkgo trees. Unenriched coniferin was administered as a control. The xylem tissues containing specifically C-13-enriched lignins or unenriched lignin were subjected to analysis by solid state NMR. Subtraction of the spectrum of tissue containing unenriched lignin from the spectra of tissues containing C-13-enriched lignins gave difference spectra exclusively assigned to the enriched side chain carbons of intact protolignin in the cell walls. From the signal intensities deter-mined under quantitative conditions and an estimate of corresponding standard uncertainties. the percentage ranges of the major inter-unit lignin bonds originating from the beta-carbon of the coniferin precursor were estimated to be: beta-O-4/alpha-O-R (R = H, polysaccharides or lignols) including beta-OH, 53 % to 57 %, combined beta-5, beta-beta and beta-1, 32 % to 36 %, coniferaidehyde end groups, 2 % to 4 %; and coniferyl alcohol end groups, 4 % to 6 %. C1 STFI, Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. Lulea Univ Technol, S-93187 Skelleftea, Sweden. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP 2-610 Uedayama, Nagoya, Aichi 4680001, Japan. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1515/HF.2002.008 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 522AZ UT WOS:000173874700008 ER PT B AU Yildirim, T Gulseren, O Ciraci, S AF Yildirim, T. Gulseren, O. Ciraci, S. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Intimate relationship between structural deformation and properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE carbon nanotubes; SWNT; first-principles calculations; absorption; nanodevices AB Carbon nanotubes continue to surprise scientists with their novel properties. Recently we have discovered many intimate relationships between structural deformation and the properties of single-walled nanotubes (SWNT), that could be important in technological applications. From first-principles we show that by using pressure, carbon nanotubes can be covalently joined to form one and two-dimensional networks of interlinked nanotubes. We also find that the band gap of an insulating nanotube can be engineered by elliptical distortion, which is found to be in the elastic range. This could allow the fine-tuning of the properties of SWNTs via reversible deformation and ultimately lead to variable quantum devices. Finally, we have very recently shown that the chemical reactivity of nanotubes can be tuned by elliptical deformation, which may provide a way to attach various atoms such as H and metals to a specific location on a nanotube. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@nist.gov; Oguz@nist.gov; ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600072 ER PT B AU Wheeler, D Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Wheeler, D. Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Numerical simulation of superconformal electrodeposition using the level set method SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE level set method; electrodeposition; numerical method; electrolyte; scalar variable; interface tracking ID COPPER AB Damascene copper is rapidly replacing aluminum as the interconnect material of choice in silicon technology. The change is driven by the lower electrical resistivity of copper, which decreases power consumption and permits increased central processor unit (CPU) clocking speeds. Electroplating is the preferred deposition method because it permits filling of high-aspect ratio features without seams or voids through the process of superconformal deposition, also called "superfill." This process only occurs when particular combinations of chemical additives are included in the electrolyte [1]. Two crucial mechanisms by which the additives enable superfill to occur are (a) accelerator behavior increasing the copper deposition rate as a function of coverage and (b) conservation of accelerator coverage with increasing/decreasing arc length [2]. The model presented here utilizes the level set method (LSM) to track the position of the copper/electrolyte interface as the features are filling. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wheeler, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Daniel.Wheeler@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600094 ER PT B AU Ende, BAA Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Headley, TJ Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW Bogardus, EH Murabito, CE AF Ende, BAA Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Headley, TJ Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW Bogardus, EH Murabito, CE GP IEEE IEEE TI Measurement of the linewidth of electrical test-structure reference features by automated phase-contrast image analysis SO ICMTS 2002:PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL UNIV COLL CORK, CORK, IRELAND SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV COLL CORK AB NIST, Sandia National Laboratories, and International SEMATECH are developing a new type of linewidth standard for calibrating Critical Dimension (CD) metrology instruments for lithographic process control. The standard reference feature is the bridge of an electrical linewidth test structure that is patterned in a monocrystalline silicon film. Phase-contrast images of the cross sections of a sample of the bridge features on each wafer, produced by High-Resolution Transmission-Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), are used to trace the measured electrical linewidths, of the standard reference feature to the lattice constant of silicon. This paper describes the automated analysis of the phase-contrast images that was developed in order to minimize the cost and uncertainty of the linewidths of the standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linholm, LW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7464-9 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW61N UT WOS:000182571600001 ER PT B AU Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW Ellenwood, CH Bogardus, EH AF Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE Guthrie, WF Linholm, LW Ellenwood, CH Bogardus, EH GP IEEE IEEE TI Test structures for referencing electrical linewidth measurements to silicon lattice parameters using HRTEM SO ICMTS 2002:PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL UNIV COLL CORK, CORK, IRELAND SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV COLL CORK ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; METROLOGY; FEATURES AB A technique has been developed to determine the linewidths of the features of a prototype reference material for the calibration of CD (Critical-Dimension) metrology instruments. The reference features are fabricated in monocrystalline-silicon with the sidewalls aligned to the (111) lattice planes. A two-step measurement procedure is used to determine the CDs. The primary measurement is via lattice-plane counting of selected samples using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (FIRTEM); the transfer calibration is via Electrical CD (ECD) test-structure metrology. Samples of these prototype reference materials were measured and provided, as NIST Reference Material RM8110, to International SEMATECH for evaluation by its member companies. In this paper, we will describe the measurement procedure and show how the combined uncertainty of less than 15 nm was derived. C1 NIST, Semicond Elect Div & Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond Elect Div & Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7464-9 PY 2002 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW61N UT WOS:000182571600003 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Van Dyck, RE AF Gentile, C Van Dyck, RE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Kinetic spanning trees for minimum-power routing in MANETS SO IEEE 55TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC SPRING 2002, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2002) CY MAY 06-09, 2002 CL BIRMINGHAM, AL SP IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE kinetic spanning trees; wireless ad hoe networks; MANET AB A distributed kinetic spanning tree algorithm is proposed for routing in wireless mobile ad hoe networks. Assuming a piecewise linear motion model for the nodes, the sequence of shortest-path spanning trees is determined, valid until the time of the next node trajectory change. By computing the sequence of trees using one execution of the distributed routing algorithm, in contrast to computing the tree for a single time instant, the number of routing messages is substantially reduced. Moreover, the total power required to route through the trees as a function of time is also lower. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cgentile@antd.nist.gov; vandyck@antd.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7484-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 1415 EP 1419 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU94W UT WOS:000177471200293 ER PT S AU Soltanian, A Van Dyck, RE Rebala, O AF Soltanian, A Van Dyck, RE Rebala, O GP IEEE IEEE TI Rejection of bluetooth interference in 802.11 WLANs SO IEEE 56TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC FALL 2002, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc AB We investigate the use of complex coefficient adaptive filters for interference suppression in the direct sequence spread spectrum 802.11b system. Extensive simulations are carried out to optimize the parameters of a recursive least-squares lattice filter, which mitigates the effect of a hopping narrow-band interferer such as Bluetooth. The BER curves, as well as the probability of packet loss, are presented. Moreover, the limitations of the adaptive filter approach, in the suppression of multiple jammers, is determined. It is shown that with a low order filter, the hopping jammer can be successfully suppressed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soltanian, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amirs@antd.nist.gov; vandyck@antd.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7467-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 932 EP 936 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BV58A UT WOS:000179406100192 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Haerri, J VanDyck, RE AF Gentile, C Haerri, J VanDyck, RE GP IEEE IEEE TI Kinetic minimum-power routing and clustering in mobile ad-hoc networks SO IEEE 56TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC FALL 2002, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc AB We have previously developed a distributed routing algorithm which minimizes the number of overhead messages necessary to maintain the minimum-power multi-hop routes in a mobile ad-hoc network, assuming a piece-wise linear model for the motion of the nodes. In this paper we extend the routing algorithm to include clustering as well, to reduce further the number of overhead messages at the expense of sub-optimal routes. A single parameter controls the degree of clustering, and consequently the degree of sub-optimality, rather than arbitrary parameters such as maximum cluster size or maximum distance between nodes. The proposed algorithm converges in a poundnite number of iterations to both stable routes and stable clusters, and by setting the cluster parameter to 0 collapses to the original routing algorithm with no clusters and optimum routes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cgentile@antd.nist.gov; haerri@antd.nist.gov; vandyck@antd.nist.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7467-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 1328 EP 1332 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BV58A UT WOS:000179406100274 ER PT J AU Garrison, JL Komjathy, A Zavorotny, VU Katzberg, SJ AF Garrison, JL Komjathy, A Zavorotny, VU Katzberg, SJ TI Wind speed measurement using forward scattered GPS signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bistatic radar; global positioning system (GPS); oceanography; retrievals; scatterometry ID OCEAN; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB Instrumentation and retrieval algorithms are described which use the forward scattered range-coded signals from the global positioning system (GPS) radio navigation system for the measurement of sea surface roughness. This roughness has long been known to be dependent upon the surface wind speed. Experiments were conducted from aircraft along the TOPEX ground track and over experimental surface truth buoys. These flights used a receiver capable of recording the cross-correlation power in the reflected signal. The shape of this power distribution was then compared against analytical models, which employ a geometric optics approach. Two techniques for matching these functions were studied. The first recognized the most significant information content in the reflected signal is contained in the trailing edge slope of the waveform. The second attempted to match the complete shape of the waveform by approximating it as a series expansion and obtaining the nonlinear least squares estimate. Discussion is also presented on anomalies in the receiver operation and their identification and correction. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Ionopher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Garrison, JL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 32 TC 147 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 50 EP 65 DI 10.1109/36.981349 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 517VY UT WOS:000173632200006 ER PT J AU Skofronick-Jackson, GM Gasiewski, AJ Wang, JR AF Skofronick-Jackson, GM Gasiewski, AJ Wang, JR TI Influence of microphysical cloud parameterizations on microwave brightness temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clouds; electromagnetic scattering; millimeter wave radiometry; rain; remote sensing; snow ID WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; ICE; RADIOMETER; RAINFALL; RETRIEVALS; MESOSCALE; SYSTEM; STORM AB The microphysical parameterization of clouds and rain cells plays a central role in atmospheric forward radiative transfer models used in calculating microwave brightness temperatures. The absorption and scattering properties of a hydrometeor-laden atmosphere are governed by particle phase, size distribution, aggregate density, shape, and dielectric constant. This study investigates the sensitivity of brightness temperatures with respect to the microphysical cloud parameterization. Calculated wideband (6-410 GHz) brightness temperatures were studied for four evolutionary stages of an oceanic convective storm using a five-phase hydrometeor model in a planar-stratified scattering-based radiative transfer model. Five other microphysical cloud parameterizations were compared to the baseline calculations to evaluate brightness temperature sensitivity to gross changes in the hydrometeor size distributions and the ice-air-water ratios in the frozen or partly frozen phase. The comparison shows that enlarging the raindrop size or adding water to the partly frozen hydrometeor mix warms brightness temperatures by as much as 55 K at 6 GHz. The cooling signature caused by ice scattering intensifies with increasing ice concentrations and at higher frequencies. An additional comparison to measured Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) brightness temperatures shows that in general all but two parameterizations produce calculated T(B)s that fall within the CAMEX-3 observed minima and maxima. The exceptions are for parameterizations that enhance the scattering characteristics of frozen hydrometeors. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Skofronick-Jackson, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1109/36.981360 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 517VY UT WOS:000173632200017 ER PT J AU Kos, AB Silva, TJ Kabos, P Pufall, MR DeGroot, DC Webb, L Even, M AF Kos, AB Silva, TJ Kabos, P Pufall, MR DeGroot, DC Webb, L Even, M TI Design and performance of an inductive current probe for integration into the trace suspension assembly SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) CY AUG 20-22, 2001 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA DE current probe; head field rise time; inductive voltage; trace suspension assembly; write head current AB A low-cost, inductive current probe designed for integration into a disk drive trace suspension assembly is described. The main consideration for this design was to use the same materials currently found in trace suspension assemblies, and thus reducing costs, while at the same time providing a drive characterization tool capable of measuring 100 ps head field rise times. The inductive current probe consists of a pair of differential copper conductors fabricated adjacent to the write driver interconnects and magnetically coupled via a Ni-Fe thin film placed on top of these conductors. The differential conductor pair is connected to a high-speed sampling oscilloscope to measure the speed of the write current pulse and thus infer the write head field rise time. Data are shown for high-speed pulses generated with rise times of less than 100 ps. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Hutchinson Technol, Hutchinson, MN 55350 USA. RP Kos, AB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 AR PII S0018-9464(02)01288-8 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.988910 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 528YP UT WOS:000174273500010 ER PT J AU Pufall, MR Silva, TJ AF Pufall, MR Silva, TJ TI Simultaneous measurement of surface and bulk vector magnetization dynamics in thin Ni-Fe films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) CY AUG 20-22, 2001 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA DE bulk magnetization; eddy currents; magnetization dynamics; magnetooptical Kerr effect; nickel-iron films; surface magnetization ID OPTICAL 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; INTERFACES; MAGNETISM AB The dynamics of the surface and "bulk" magnetization vectors of a Ni-Fe thin film were measured using the time-resolved second harmonic and linear magnetooptical Kerr effects. Films of 50, 250, and 400 nm thickness were measured. The magnetization dynamics of the surface and "bulk" in response to a pulsed torque field were effectively the same for all thicknesses, indicating that any induced eddy currents do not appreciably screen the interior of the film from the incident magnetic field at these thicknesses. The magnetization angle also showed both a large, fast (<1 ns) initial response to an applied field pulse, and then a slower (much greater than10-100 ns) "viscous" creep toward its dc value. Possible mechanisms for these observations are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pufall, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 AR PII S0018-9464(02)01269-4 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.988924 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 528YP UT WOS:000174273500024 ER PT J AU Sun, NX Wang, SX Silva, TJ Kos, AB AF Sun, NX Wang, SX Silva, TJ Kos, AB TI High-frequency behavior and damping of Fe-Co-N-based high-saturation soft magnetic films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) CY AUG 20-22, 2001 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA DE damping parameter; Fe-Co-N film; ferromagnetic resonance; Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation; magnetic thin film AB Magnetization dynamics measurements at sub-nanosecond time scale have been performed on Fe-Co-N high-saturation soft magnetic films with Permalloy nanolayer seeds and having a saturation magnetization of 1.9 MA/m (1900 emu/cm(3)). The damping parameter alpha varies from 0.011 to 0.018, depending on applied bias field. The peak frequencies of the imaginary permeability spectra and the zero-crossing frequencies of the real permeability spectra cannot be fitted with a fixed value of anisotropy field, indicating that the Kittel equation is only qualitatively valid for these films. A phenomenological damping criterion is established based on a small-signal solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation: critical damping occurs in a soft magnetic film when the damping parameter is alpha = 2/rootchi(0), where chi(0) is the initial permeability. The experimentally observed damping parameters are smaller than the critical value for the range of bias fields employed. The Fe-Co-N-based films have a ferromagnetic resonance frequency of 2 GHz at zero-bias field, showing great promise for applications in write heads and integrated inductors in a frequency range >1 GHz. C1 Stanford Univ, CRISM, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, NX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, CRISM, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Sun, Nian-xiang/G-8330-2011; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 146 EP 150 AR PII S0018-9464(02)02184-2 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.988927 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 528YP UT WOS:000174273500027 ER PT J AU Ivanov, EN Walls, FL AF Ivanov, EN Walls, FL TI Interpreting anomalously low voltage noise in two-channel measurement systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; AM; PM AB In this work we 1) analyze and give a theoretical explanation for the anomalously low cross-spectral density of voltage fluctuations that is observed when two thermal noise sources with matched intensities are coupled to the inputs of two-channel phase modulation (PM) or amplitude modulation (AM) noise measurement systems (NMS), 2) empirically evaluate spectral resolutions of different types of measurement systems, and 3) discuss noise measurement techniques involving cross-correlation signal processing. Our work shows that the statistical uncertainty, which sets the ultimate spectral resolution in the thermal noise limited regime, is approximately the same for both systems. However, in practical terms, the non-stationary nature of the noise, the temporal separation of calibration and measurement, and the difficulty of reproducing the calibrations for two measurements make it extremely difficult to resolve noise that is more than 10 dB below the noise floor in a single channel NMS. In a two-channel NMS, however, the calibrations of the two channels are carried out simultaneously, and one can take full advantage of a large number of averages and make reproducible noise measurements with resolution 10 dB below the noise floor of a single channel NMS. C1 Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Grp, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ivanov, EN (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Grp, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1109/58.981379 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 516BJ UT WOS:000173531300003 PM 11833883 ER PT B AU Strong, AE Liu, G Kimura, T Yamano, H Tsuchiya, M Kakuma, S van Woesik, R AF Strong, AE Liu, G Kimura, T Yamano, H Tsuchiya, M Kakuma, S van Woesik, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Detecting and monitoring 2001 coral reef bleaching events in Ryukyu Islands, Japan using satellite bleaching HotSpot remote sensing technique SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Widespread coral beaching due to anomalously high water temperature was observed in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan during the summer of 2001. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) near real-time coral bleaching HotSpot early warning products, derived from satellite sea surface temperature (SST), showed that extraordinarily warm water started to cover the Northwest Pacific region beginning in late-June. This thermal stress continued to accumulate for over two months into early September. Coral bleaching early warnings were initially issued to the region (informally by NOAA via e-mail) early in the summer season based on the satellite observations. The comparison between the satellite SSTs and several in situ temperature observations in the region shows that the NOAA satellite HotSpot technique was remarkably informative in showing the onset, development, and dissipation of the warming event. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Strong, AE (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, E-RA3,Rm 711W,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800077 ER PT B AU Zrnic, DS Loney, ML Straka, JM Ryzhkov, AV AF Zrnic, DS Loney, ML Straka, JM Ryzhkov, AV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Enhanced polarimetric radar signatures above the melting level in a supercell storm SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800097 ER PT B AU Wang, NY Chang, PS Bevilacqua, RM Smith, CK Gaiser, P AF Wang, NY Chang, PS Bevilacqua, RM Smith, CK Gaiser, P GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI WindSat atmospheric forward model comparisons SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB An algorithm that characterizes the measured brightness temperature components due to the atmosphere for the WindSat instrument is described. This study looks at the attenuation due to clear air and non-precipitating clouds in the frequency range of WindSat. A performace assessment of current radiative transfer models and atmospheric absorption models is preformed using comparisons with SSM/I with near-coincident radiosonde profiles of the atmosphere and buoy observations of the surface wind fields. Results of this effort will be reported. C1 NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, NY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Smith, Craig/D-7927-2015; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Smith, Craig/0000-0001-5829-8303; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 556 EP 557 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800183 ER PT B AU Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Irisov, V Leuskiy, V Yevgrafov, A AF Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Irisov, V Leuskiy, V Yevgrafov, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A wideband microwave airborne imaging system for hydrological studies SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The development of the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) system commenced in the fall of 1995, with the first-gene ration system operated on the NASA P-3B aircraft to study passive microwave ocean surface wind signatures in March, 1997 [1]. The PSR system consist of sets of polarimetric radiometers housed within standardized gimbal-mounted scanhead drums. Each scanhead is rotatable by a gimbaled positioner so that the radiometers can view any angle within 70degrees elevation of nadir and at any azimuthal angle (1.32pi sr solid angle), as well as external hot and ambient calibration targets. The configuration supports conical, cross-track, along-track, fixed-angle stare, and spotlight scan modes. Scanheads are designed for in-flight operation without the need for a radome (i.e., in contact with the aircraft slipstream), thus allowing precise calibration and imaging without superimposed radome signatures. The conical scan mode allows the full Stokes' vector to be imaged without polarization mixing. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol lab,REETI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol lab,REETI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 558 EP 561 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800184 ER PT B AU Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Friedman, KS Li, XF Tseng, W Monaldo, F Beal, R Wackerman, CC AF Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Friedman, KS Li, XF Tseng, W Monaldo, F Beal, R Wackerman, CC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI NOAA CoastWatch RADARSAT-1 SAR coastal monitoring applications demonstrations SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB A summary of the interim results of the first two years of the authors' NASA RADARSAT-1 ADRO-2 SAR project is given. The Alaska SAR Demonstration (AKDEMO) is providing winds, vessel positions, and SAR imagery to users in Alaska for evaluation as to their utility to operational government agencies responsible for ocean and weather prediction and fisheries management/enforcement. The AKDEMO applications are maturing and their accuracy has been measured. A new demonstration, the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GoMEx), is now underway to examine use of SAR data and products in hazardous algal bloom (HAB) and oil spill/seep monitoring. Initial results show correspondence of bloom signatures in ocean color and SAR data in areas of high HAB concentration as measured from ship water samples. In addition to these two applications demonstrations, research is underway in the use of SAR data to study upwelling, river plumes, ocean current boundaries, atmospheric boundary layer processes, and other applications. This research will continue into the third and final year of the ADRO-2 project. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pichel, WG (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, WWBG Rm 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 714 EP 716 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800234 ER PT B AU Jelenak, Z Connor, LN Chang, PS AF Jelenak, Z Connor, LN Chang, PS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The accuracy of high resolution winds from QuikSCAT SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The accuracy of the high resolution QuikSCAT wind product was quantified using spatially and temporally collocated 10 m equivalent neutral stability winds calculated from selected NOAA NDBC buoy measurements. Only buoys that had sample correlation higher than 1.5 were used in this validation, a total of 5704 records. The validation followed the Freilich nonlinear statistical analysis approach from [1]. This analysis of the collocated buoy-scatterometer data set yielded the following statistics for wind speed: deterministic offset -0.25 m/s; linear gain 1.02; standard deviation of component errors 1.9 m/s; and RMS error 2.2 m/s. Wind direction errors were more pronounced for lighter winds, typically for winds up to 5 m/s. The RMS directional error for buoy-QuikSCAT pairs for which Deltaphi < 90degrees is 20.6degrees. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jelenak, Z (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 732 EP 734 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800240 ER PT B AU Connor, LN Chang, PS Li, L Im, E AF Connor, LN Chang, PS Li, L Im, E GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Buoy validation of ocean surface wind estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB A technique has been developed for retrieving ocean surface winds using surface backscatter measurements from the Precipitation Radar (PR) of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Though limited by the small incidence angles and the single look capability of the scan geometry, TRMM PR offers a distinct advantage over conventional spaceborne scatterometer systems through the fine scale vertical and horizontal resolution of its normalized radar cross section, sigmadegrees. The wind retrieval algorithm developed for TRMM PR makes use of a maximum likelihood estimation technique to compensate for the low sigmadegrees sensitivity associated with the PR configuration. The narrow vertical resolution of the PR range bins serves to filter out rain contaminated cells normally integrated into scatterometer surface measurements. The algorithm was developed and validated through remotely measured winds from other spaceborne sensors, namely the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) radiometer and the NASA QuikSCAT scatterometet Further algorithm validation is presented using in-situ observations from oceanographic buoys. All buoy data are acquired from the NOAA National Buoy Data Center. The TRMM PR geophysical model function used in the retrieval process is verified through comparison of PR sigmadegrees measurements and buoy wind measurements. Ocean surface wind speeds derived from the new PR retrieval technique are then compared with collocated buoy winds, revealing excellent agreement in wind speed estimation. C1 Off Res & Applicat, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Connor, LN (reprint author), Off Res & Applicat, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 102,E-RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 745 EP 747 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800244 ER PT B AU Wood, HM Lauritson, L AF Wood, HM Lauritson, L GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Update on activities of CEOS Disaster Management Support Group SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOs) Disaster Management Support Group (DMSG) supports natural and technological disaster management on a worldwide basis by fostering improved utilization of existing and planned Earth Observation (EO) satellite data. The DMSG focuses on developing and refining recommendations for the application of satellite data to selected hazard areas-drought, earthquake, fire, flood, ice, landslide, oil spill, and volcanic hazards. Particular emphasis is placed on working closely with space agencies, international and regional organizations, and commercial organizations on the implementation of these recommendations. The DMSG is in its last year with its primary focus on documenting its work and migrating on going activities to other fora. C1 NOAA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Wood, HM (reprint author), NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 754 EP 756 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800247 ER PT B AU Ostashev, VE Bedard, A Voronovich, A AF Ostashev, VE Bedard, A Voronovich, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Array for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID LAYER AB Tomography has been widely used in many fields of science, medicine and technology for remote sensing of different media. Acoustic tomography of the atmosphere allows one to reconstruct the three-dimensional temperature and velocity fields and to monitor their evolution in time. It was first employed in the 1990's. In this paper, we overview arrays for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere which have been employed so far. Furthermore, we describe an acoustic tomography array which is proposed to be built at the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory. The array will allow us to remotely measure the temperature and velocity fields in a volume with the size of about 40 m x 40 m x 6 m, located at several meters above the ground. No currently existing meteorological instrumentation allows one to do such measurements. The temperature and velocity fields which will be reconstructed with the use of this array are important for many applications: boundary layer meteorology; propagation of acoustic and electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; experimental verification of Large Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation; etc. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 862 EP 864 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800282 ER PT B AU Ostashev, VE Fairall, C AF Ostashev, VE Fairall, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Turbulent contributions to the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID SOUND AB For several decades, sodars have been widely used in many countries for studies of the atmospheric boundary layer. It is a common practice to retrieve the structure parameter of temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere from the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar. This practice is based on the standard scattering theory result that the echo-signal is due to sound scattering by temperature fluctuations only while velocity fluctuations do not contribute to the echo-signal. In this paper, we consider a new theory of temperature and velocity contributions to the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar. This new theory accounts for sound refraction in a stratified moving atmosphere while the standard theory does not. It follows from the new theory that, for moderate to strong wind conditions, velocity fluctuations can contribute significantly or even dominate the sodar's echo-signal. In these cases, the common practice of retrieving profiles of temperature fluctuations by monostatic sodars leads to significant errors. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 865 EP 867 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800283 ER PT B AU Naugolnykh, K Bedard, A AF Naugolnykh, K Bedard, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A model of the avalanche infrasonic radiation SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The theoretical model of low-frequency radiation by a non-stationary motion of the snow mass and by turbulent pressure pulsation in the snow powder are considered. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Zeltech, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Naugolnykh, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Zeltech, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 871 EP 872 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800285 ER PT B AU Ostrovsky, LA Bedard, AJ AF Ostrovsky, LA Bedard, AJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI On generation of infrasound by large objects falling into water SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 NOAA, ZelTech, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), NOAA, ZelTech, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 873 EP 875 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800286 ER PT B AU Bedard, AJ Nishiyama, RT AF Bedard, AJ Nishiyama, RT GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Infrasound generation by large fires: experimental results and a review of an analytical model predicting dominant frequencies SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bedard, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 876 EP 878 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800287 ER PT B AU Nishiyama, RT Bedard, AJ Kirschner, AL AF Nishiyama, RT Bedard, AJ Kirschner, AL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Strong winds over mountains and infrasound: Possible applications for detecting regions related to aircraft turbulence reports SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Measurements of infrasound during the winter months near the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains often detect large-scale acoustic source regions. Often these regions will slowly move in a north/south direction with time over hours or days. At times there are discrete, strong signals at discrete azimuths suggesting that some limited regions (terrain features) are more effective at sound production. Comparisons made with upper level winds and turbulence reports from aircraft permit evaluations of potential uses for remote sensing of hazardous regions aloft. We discuss preliminary results and possible uses. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nishiyama, RT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 879 EP 881 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800288 ER PT B AU Leuski, V Irisov, V Westwater, ER AF Leuski, V Irisov, V Westwater, ER GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Airborne measurements of sea surface and air temperatures by 5-mm wavelength microwave and infrared radiometers SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB A technique to measure both sea surface temperature and sea-air temperature difference from an airborne platform is described. The technique uses a scanning microwave radiometer operating in the 5-mm oxygen absorption band. To independently measure the sea surface temperature, a nadir-viewing infrared radiometer operating near 10 micrometers was also operated. Retrievals of the water-air temperature difference from the 5-mm wavelength radiometer data are presented and compared with buoy measurements. An additional comparison of water temperature measurements by microwave radiometer, infrared radiometer, and buoys is presented. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leuski, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,R-ETI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1117 EP 1119 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800366 ER PT B AU Gasiewski, AJ Ruf, CS Younis, M Wiesbeck, W AF Gasiewski, AJ Ruf, CS Younis, M Wiesbeck, W GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Impacts of mobile radar and telecommunications systems on earth remote sensing in the 22-27 GHz range SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) Technical Committee on Frequency Allocation in Remote Sensing (FARS) is charged with providing recommendations and responses to queries on interference and frequency allocation issues in passive and active microwave remote sensing. In response to questions stemming from proposals to develop ultra-wideband (UWB) vehicular radar systems operating in the 22-27 GHz frequency range a technical assessment on the potential for radio frequency interference to passive Earth remote sensing activities was prepared. The study suggests that interference to the passive services at power levels several orders of magnitude above threshold levels is likely from commercial deployment of vehicular UWB radar and telecommunications systems. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Gasiewski, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1679 EP 1681 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800546 ER PT B AU Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Yevgrafov, A Leuskiy, V AF Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Yevgrafov, A Leuskiy, V GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Interference mitigation in passive microwave radiometry SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Relentless development of the microwave spectrum for telecommunications and other active services enhances the risk of anthropogenic interference to the passive Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS). While spectral allocation remains the primary basis for avoiding interference between the passive and active services, it is also prudent to consider the use of interference mitigation technology for passive microwave remote sensing, especially for spectral regions wherein primary EESS allocation is non-negotiable. Accordingly, we consider several means of detecting and correcting for anthropogenic interference in passive microwave imagery, including spectral subbanding, polarization detection, polarimetric detection, and azimuthal detection. A spectral subband technique applicable to either narrow-band and/or window channels is demonstrated with C-band data obtained using the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) airborne imaging system. The technique provides very good rejection of strong interference, and is readily applicable for implementation on future airborne and spaceborne passive microwave sensors. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R E ETI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gasiewski, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R E ETI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1682 EP 1684 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800547 ER PT B AU Stryker, T AF Stryker, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The US commercial remote sensing policy and regulatory framework: History, current status, and future directions SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS Int & Interagcy Affairs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Stryker, T (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS Int & Interagcy Affairs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1688 EP 1690 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800549 ER PT B AU Irisov, VG Fedor, LF Leuski, VL Patten, BP AF Irisov, VG Fedor, LF Leuski, VL Patten, BP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Wind dependences of brightness temperature measured by airborne Ka-band polarimeter during the Shoaling Waves Experiment SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Airborne Ka-band radiometric observations of the ocean were used to derive wind dependences of brightness temperature at various viewing angles. Brightness temperature contrast appeared to be significantly higher than predicted by Elfouhaily's spectrum and small slope approximation. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Irisov, VG (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, LLC, 325 Broadway,ET1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1819 EP 1821 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800592 ER PT B AU Connor, LN Chang, PS Carswell, JR Castells, T AF Connor, LN Chang, PS Carswell, JR Castells, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Measurement of the ocean surface in low to moderate winds at C-band SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Several research flights were conducted over the Gulf of Alaska using a NOAA WP-3D aircraft to study the radar backscatter and radiative emission behavior of the ocean surface under a variety of meteorological conditons in an experiment called the Alaska Rain and Ocean Backscatter Experiment (AROBEX). Particular use was made of the University of Massachusetts C-band scatterometer (CSCAT) and multifrequency C-band radiometer aboard the WP-3D to examine microwave remote sensing techniques for the retrieval of ocean surface winds. A plethora of Instrumentation onboard the aircraft was used for simultaneous measurements of surrounding environmental conditions, including a C-Band lower fuselage radar, an X-band tail Doppler radar, and GPS dropsondes. Additionally, flights were planned to take coincident measurements with the RADARSAT satellite, providing collocated synthetic aperture radar measurements of the ocean surface. An examination of these data is presented with particular emphasis on passive microwave retrieval capabilities in the low to moderate wind regime and in the presence of precipitation. GPS dropsonde proffies provide the line tuning and ground truth information needed for a direct comparison of C-band scatterometer measurements of the ocean surface scattering and multi-frequency C-band radiometer measurements of ocean surface and atmospheric column precipitation emissions. variability within the multi-frequency radiometer footprint is also examined through comparisons with the high resolution surface roughness measurements of simultaneous RADARSAT passes. The implications of these comparisons to remotely sensed ocean surface winds are discussed, particularly with regard to the use of satellite based passive and active microwave instrumentation. C1 NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Connor, LN (reprint author), NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 102,E-RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1837 EP 1838 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800598 ER PT B AU Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Yevgrafov, A Leuskiy, V Corbella, I AF Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Yevgrafov, A Leuskiy, V Corbella, I GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Rain rate retrieval using airborne imaging radiometry during CAMEX3/TEFLUN-B SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB dA multiband Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) was integrated onto the NASA DC-8 aircraft (N717NA) and flown from August through September of 1998 during the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX3) and Texas-Florida Under-flight (TEFLUN-B) campaign. The PSR is a unique colnically-scanned imaging radiometer with channels at 10.7, 18.7, 11.5, 37.0 and 89.0 GHz, measuring both vertical and horizontal polarizations at each of these frequencies. These channels correspond to several key bands of the DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and the NASA TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager). The PSR was developed by Georgia Institute of Technology and the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory. It is the first airborne imaging radiometer to provide a research quality set of high spatial resolution multiband polarimetric microwave imagery within and around a hurricane. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Environm Technol Lab,R E ETI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Environm Technol Lab,R E ETI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Corbella, Ignasi/E-9578-2013 OI Corbella, Ignasi/0000-0001-5598-7955 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1863 EP 1865 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800607 ER PT B AU Walsh, EJ Wright, CW Vandemark, D Bliven, LF Uhlhorn, E Black, PG Marks, FD AF Walsh, EJ Wright, CW Vandemark, D Bliven, LF Uhlhorn, E Black, PG Marks, FD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Rain rate measurement with an airborne scanning radar altimeter SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI bliven, francis/E-1450-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1875 EP 1876 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800611 ER PT B AU Li, XF Clemente-Colon, P Pichel, WG Friedman, K AF Li, XF Clemente-Colon, P Pichel, WG Friedman, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI SAR and MODIS images of atmospheric solitary waves generated by upstream blocking in flow over St. Lawrence Island Bering Sea SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID GRAVITY-WAVES AB A group of atmospheric solitons is identified on a RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image and a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image taken about 4.5 hours later on June 6, 2001. On both images, this group of solitons is showed as dark-bright linear features. The atmospheric solitons are generated at St. Lawrence Island in Bering Sea and propagate against the airflow in the upstream direction. On the first SAR image, there are only three wave crests. However, on the second MODIS image, the wave train propagates further upstream and seven wave crests can be identified. The basic properties of this group of solitons are measured and derived. Radiosonde data show that the Froude number is close to unity. Therefore, theoretically, this phenomenon can be described by the classic "flow over bump" model and analyzed using the classic KdV equation. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Room 102,E-RA3 WWBG,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1890 EP 1892 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800616 ER PT B AU Raizer, VY AF Raizer, VY GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Statistical modeling for ocean microwave radiometric imagery SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB A digital technique for computing of ocean microwave radiometric images is developed. Three discrete random field models including mosaic, fractal, and a Markov chain are used for texture image simulations. Several significant examples are presented in this paper. We feel that this novel, stochastic approach should provide a better understanding of advanced radiometric observations. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol LLC, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Raizer, VY (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol LLC, 10281 Friendship Court, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2144 EP 2146 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800699 ER PT B AU Jelenak, Z Connor, LN Chang, PS AF Jelenak, Z Connor, LN Chang, PS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A study of surface winds in tropical storms using modified near real-time processing of QuikSCAT measurements SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Performance of the NOAA/NESDIS near realtime QuikSCAT wind retrieval algorithm was assessed in the case of tropical cyclone IRIS, that occurred in Northern Atlantic, in October 2001. For this storm, the estimated wind field failed to produce a circular structure characteristic of tropical cyclones. We established that the Aviation Forecasting Field that was used to initialize ambiguity removal process was the primary cause of error, since it completely missed this feature. We proposed an initialization process that uses the information available from backscatter data to estimate possible regions of tropical cyclones. The proposed procedure allows estimation of wind fields that are less influenced by an external field. However, in the case of tropical storm IRIS the wind retrieval algorithm failed to generate solutions that would allow ambiguity removal to close circulation even when clustered errors in the initial field were broken by the new initialization procedure. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jelenak, Z (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2153 EP 2155 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800702 ER PT B AU Pichel, WG McGuire, J Cunningham, JD Gerber, A Huneycutt, B Holt, B Sandwell, DT AF Pichel, WG McGuire, J Cunningham, JD Gerber, A Huneycutt, B Holt, B Sandwell, DT GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Ocean observer SAR requirements and instrument characteristics SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper is a brief summary or the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) user requirements, satellite requirements, and instrument requirements for the proposed, but yet unfunded, U.S. Ocean Observer Satellite. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pichel, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA3,Room 102 WWBG,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2296 EP 2298 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800748 ER PT B AU Mavor, TP Wang, NY Connor, LN Chang, PS Legeckis, R AF Mavor, TP Wang, NY Connor, LN Chang, PS Legeckis, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Development of an operational microwave sea surface temperature retrieval algorithm SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM AB The next generation of passive microwave satellites (i.e. Wind-Sat, AMSR on AQUA, and CMIS on NPOESS) provide an opportunity to develop sea surface temperature (SST) products that are less affected by errors due to water vapor, aerosols and clouds than IR-based SST. Although wind effects, undetected rain and large spatial resolution will provide challenges for algorithm developers, the advantages of an all-weather SST product are numerous. As a first step towards a microwave SST product for pre-NPOESS and NPOESS era microwave satellites, a regression-based algorithm has been developed for the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). Using brightness temperatures from the 10.7 GHz channels and 1.5 years (January 2000 through July 2001) of buoy matchups,a preliminary algorithm has been developed. Results of this algorithm have been compared to 2 years of independent buoy collocations (January 1998 through December 1999), and will be presented with sample SST products. Additional improvements in the accuracy should be gained by the future development of algorithm coefficients based upon radiative transfer models. C1 NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mavor, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 104,E-RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Legeckis, Richard/F-5604-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3000 EP 3002 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800975 ER PT B AU Leshkevich, GA Nghiem, SV AF Leshkevich, GA Nghiem, SV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Radar remote sensing of Great Lakes ice cover SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Leshkevich, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3132 EP 3132 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801018 ER PT B AU Friedman, KS Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Li, XF AF Friedman, KS Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Li, XF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI GoMEx - An experimental GIS system for the Gulf of Mexico region using SAR and additional satellite and ancillary data SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is in the third year of the Alaska SAR Demonstration (AKDEMO), an applications project using RADARSAT-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and derived products. The success of this demonstration in providing near real-time SAR data, derived products, and other ancillary data to federal and state agencies, has motivated the development of a similar experimental multi-sensor data fusion system for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region called GoMEx. Unlike the AKDEMO system which focused on near-real time data, this project will begin by using archived data from diverse remote sensing sensors such as RADARSAT-1 SAR, GOES imagers, SeaWiFS, MODIS, AVHRR, scatterometers, as well as data from moored buoy measurements and numerical weather models to study issues and phenomena unique to the region. Other agencies that will contribute and use this system include the National Ocean Service (NOS), Louisiana State University, National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Maryland. Sample applications of this system will be presented including detection of algal blooms, coral reefs off of Belize, oil slicks and rigs off of Louisiana, and fishery applications. C1 NOAA, ERA 3, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Friedman, KS (reprint author), NOAA, ERA 3, WWBG, Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3343 EP 3345 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801087 ER PT S AU Hackley, VA Naito, M Wasche, R AF Hackley, VA Naito, M Wasche, R BE Matsui, M Jahanmir, S Mostaghaci, H Naito, M Uematsu, K Wasche, R Morrell, R TI Measuring the isoelectric point of ceramic powder suspensions: A pre-standardization study SO IMPROVED CERAMICS THROUGH NEW MEASUREMENTS, PROCESSING, AND STANDARDS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improved Ceramics through New Measurements, Processing and Standards CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The isoelectric point (IEP) is a key material property for aqueous-based processing of advanced ceramic powders. The IEP characterizes the acid-base behavior of the powder surface, which in turn influences powder dispersion and chemical interactions at the powder surface. However, international standards for IEP determination are generally lacking. We describe the preliminary results of an international collaborative pre-standards investigation, in which we examine the influence of various material, instrument and measurement factors on IEP determination in moderately concentrated suspensions. These studies focused on electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA), colloid vibration potential (CVI), and particle charge determination (PCD), because of their capacity to analyze opaque suspensions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-147-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 133 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BW65W UT WOS:000182709000002 ER PT S AU Freiman, S Early, J AF Freiman, S Early, J BE Matsui, M Jahanmir, S Mostaghaci, H Naito, M Uematsu, K Wasche, R Morrell, R TI VAMAS: Accomplishments and future directions SO IMPROVED CERAMICS THROUGH NEW MEASUREMENTS, PROCESSING, AND STANDARDS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improved Ceramics through New Measurements, Processing and Standards CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) was created in 1982 to support trade through international collaboration in pre-standards research in advanced materials, VAMAS has become self-sustaining through Memoranda of Understanding signed by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA, and the EC. Linkages between VAMAS and international standards organizations such as ISO and IEC have been established. The work of VAMAS is carried out within Technical Working Areas (TWA=s). There are currently nineteen TWA=s addressing a wide range of material subjects, e.g. surface chemical analysis, ceramics, biomaterials, superconducting materials, metal matrix composites, thin films, etc, Each TWA is led by an individual from a VAMAS member country and can consist of multiple projects, each addressing a different aspect of the subject. Much of the work of projects consists of interlaboratory studies involving researchers from government, industry, and academia. Participants in these studies come from both VAMAS as well as non-VAMAS countries, For qualified participants, the only requirement is active involvement in the work of the project. In this paper, we will provide a number of examples of the benefits derived from VAMAS. For instance, VAMAS activities have facilitated the development of over 60 draft or adopted national, regional, and international standards. Databases and classification systems have been established. Standard Reference Materials have been developed. Finally, new directions for VAMAS are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freiman, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-147-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 133 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BW65W UT WOS:000182709000034 ER PT S AU Jeffery, AM Koffman, AD AF Jeffery, AM Koffman, AD GP IEEE IEEE TI Improved 1 kHz capacitance calibration uncertainty SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE calibration; capacitance; farad; fused-silica capacitor; impedance; measurement; uncertainy AB Uncertainties for 1 kHz capacitance calibrations have been decreased at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The improvements are based on frequency-dependence characterization from 1592 Hz to 1 kHz. The relevant measurements and the traceability procedures from the calculable capacitor to the customer calibration are described. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm,US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeffery, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm,US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900013 ER PT S AU Bergman, DI Waltrip, BC AF Bergman, DI Waltrip, BC GP IEEE IEEE TI A low noise latching comparator probe for waveform sampling applications SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE comparator; frequency compensation; signal sampling; successive approximation; voltage measurement ID STEP RESPONSE DATA AB A new latching comparator probe is described. The probe is being developed as part of an effort to augment voltage measurement capability in the 10 Hz to 1 MHz frequency range. The probe offers an input voltage range of +/-10 V, input impedance of 1 MOmega and rms noise referred to the input as low as 55 muV The probe's 3 dB bandwidth is approximately 20 MHz. Total harmonic distortion is as low as -93 dB at 50 kHz. Gain flatness is within +/-10 muV/V from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. Improved step settling performance is achieved using a technique that minimizes circuit thermal errors. The probe's input range can be extended with a frequency-compensated, 1 MOmega input impedance attenuator allowing measurement of pulses in the microsecond regime up to 100 V. The attenuator can be compensated further with a digital filtering algorithm to achieve gain accuracy better than 100 muV/V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergman, DI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900053 ER PT S AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, NG Larson, DR GP IEEE IEEE TI NIST's high-speed pulse parameter measurement service SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID KICK-OUT PULSES; CALIBRATION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a measurement service, number 65200S, "Fast Repetitive Pulse Transition Parameters," for measuring the impulse response of high-speed (transition durations > 7ps) samplers and the output signals of high-speed pulse generators. The 65200S provides traceable measurements of the waveform parameters of waveform amplitude and transition duration (also known as rise time or fall time). This measurement service has recently been improved using new measurement instruments and procedures, more accurate estimates for the behavioral characteristics of the test instruments, and an improved uncertainty analysis. The improvements to the 65200S include reduced transition duration uncertainties ( about 1.5 ps) and the introduction of the parameters of overshoot and undershoot. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 625 EP 628 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900108 ER PT S AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, NG Larson, DR GP IEEE IEEE TI The status of the IEEE standard on transitions, pulses, and related waveforms SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB In recent years, the IEEE has been revising the now expired IEEE standards on pulse techniques and definitions. This revision includes adding and deleting definitions, clarifying existing definitions, providing examples of different waveform types, updating text to reflect electronic computation methods, and incorporating algorithms for computing waveform parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 639 EP 643 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900111 ER PT S AU Stenbakken, G Liu, HK Hwang, G AF Stenbakken, G Liu, HK Hwang, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Empirical modeling methods using partial data SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE calibration; error model; missing data; partial data; system identification; testing strategies AB Methods were developed to calculate empirical models for device error behavior from data sets with missing data. These models can be used to develop reduced point testing procedures for the devices. The partial data methods reduce the prediction uncertainty for test points that have more modeling data available relative to the prediction uncertainty of partial data test points. Simulations show that the prediction uncertainty for full data test points are comparable to the case where the "missing" data are "known." When these methods are applied to real data where the underlying model has changed the improvements are less than the simulations predict. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stenbakken, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 875 EP 879 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900150 ER PT S AU Waltrip, BC Koffman, AD Avramo-Zamurovic, S AF Waltrip, BC Koffman, AD Avramo-Zamurovic, S GP IEEE IEEE TI The design and self-calibration of inductive voltage dividers for an automated impedance scaling bridge SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE impedance; bridge; inductive voltage divider; transformer; straddling method AB The design and construction of inductive voltage dividers (IVDs) for use in impedance bridge applications in the 50 Hz to 1 MHz frequency range is described. Two dividers are described; one designed to operate from 50 Hz to 2 kHz and the other designed to operate from 2 kHz to 1 MHz. Preliminary comparison results of the new IVDs over the 100 Hz to 50 kHz frequency range are given. A new bridge to self-calibrate the IVDs is also described. The bridge is based on the straddling method and has been designed to characterize IVDs over the 50 Hz to 100 kHz frequency range. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waltrip, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 1191 EP 1195 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900208 ER PT S AU Lee, K Gao, RX Schneeman, R AF Lee, K Gao, RX Schneeman, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Sensor network and information interoperability integrating IEEE 1451 with MIMOSA and OSA-CBM SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE communication protocol; IEEE 1451; interoperability; MIMOSA; NCAP; OSA-CBM; sensor interface; sensor network; smart sensor; smart transducer; STIM; TEDS AB The IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators Standard was developed to facilitate sensor to network interoperability. It has defined a set of common communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to control networks and instruments hi a network-independent environment. Concurrently, the Machinery, Information Management Open Systems Alliance (MIMOSA) has established an open architecture and a set of protocols for exchanging complex sensor information between condition-based maintenance (CBM) systems. Likewise, the Open System Architecture for Condition Based Maintenance (OSA-CBM) program has developed an open architecture and standard for distributed CBM software components. Ideally, if there is a way to interface these standards, sensor information can be easily accessed by condition-based maintenance application software. This paper examines the IEEE 1451 standard and the MIMOSA/OSA-CBM specifications to find entry points that can provide a connection between these standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 1301 EP 1305 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900226 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J AF Obrzut, J GP IEEE IEEE TI High frequency input impedance characterization of dielectric films for power-ground planes SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE decoupling capacitance; high-k films; broadband measurements; dielectric relaxation AB Broadband impedance characterization of high-k films was performed in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 10 GHz using a coaxial test fixture configuration. The electrical characteristic of high-k films was found to be consistent with a capacitance load, without noticeable contribution from the circuit inductance that typically dominates the high frequeney response. An intrinsic high frequency relavation process was analyzed in high-k organic-ceramic hybrid materials. The resulting dielectric dispersion and the corresponding dielectric loss can suppress the resonant standing waves in power-ground planes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 1341 EP 1343 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900232 ER PT S AU Mace, PM Sissenwine, MP AF Mace, PM Sissenwine, MP BE Berkson, JM Kline, LL Orth, DJ TI Coping with uncertainty: Evolution of the relationship between science and management SO INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY INTO FISHERY MODELS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Incorporating Uncertainty into Fishery Models CY JUN 28-29, 1999 CL JEKYLL ISL, GA SP Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, USD Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Univ Reach, Virginia Tech ID EXPLOITED MARINE POPULATIONS; CONTRADICTORY DATA SOURCES; STOCK ASSESSMENT; DECISION-ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; OPTIMUM YIELD; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES; MODEL; ASSESSMENTS AB Scientists, managers and fishers have always known that uncertainty is an integral part of nature. Early assessment models dealt with uncertainty as a signal-noise problem, developing deterministic, equilibrium relationships to explain cause and effect. Other models coped with uncertainty by normalizing model outputs against inputs that were known to be highly variable (for example, yield per recruit analysis, which avoids consideration of recruitment variability by performing calculations on a per recruit basis). Although deterministic approaches are still widely used, it is also true that methods for quantifying and presenting uncertainty have been taught, developed, and applied for several decades. The question has been less one of how to present uncertainty, rather than whether to present it. What purpose would it serve? Experience showed that managers or politicians presented with a range of estimates frequently chose to set quotas from the risk-prone end of the range. In short, uncertainty was used as a reason for avoiding conservation measures. Development of the precautionary approach to fisheries management has initiated a transition in the perception of uncertainty from that of a reason to avoid action to that of a reason to exercise caution. Increased public awareness of the limits to the productivity of natural marine resources and increasing numbers of economically devastating stock collapses have been instrumental in initiating the transition, more so than scientific advances in the modeling and representation of uncertainty. This transition is, however, more active on paper than in actual implementation. Today, one challenge is to integrate science and management into a rigorous, risk-averse, decision analysis framework, and another is to further promote responsible management and the application of the precautionary approach in the face of uncertainty. Presentation of uncertainty as risk profiles or Bayesian posterior distributions rather than confidence intervals around point estimates has provided a more objective basis for evaluating the consequences of alternative management decisions, but there is a need for better comprehension of the full consequences of the large risks managers, fishers and other stakeholders (which includes the public in general) often appear to be willing to take. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mace, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-31-X J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 9 EP 28 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BU91V UT WOS:000177398200002 ER PT S AU Shepherd, GR AF Shepherd, GR BE Berkson, JM Kline, LL Orth, DJ TI Incorporating uncertainty into stock assessments: A case study of Atlantic striped bass SO INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY INTO FISHERY MODELS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Incorporating Uncertainty into Fishery Models CY JUN 28-29, 1999 CL JEKYLL ISL, GA SP Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, USD Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Univ Reach, Virginia Tech ID NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE; MORONE-SAXATILIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ERRORS; FISHES AB A stock assessment of Atlantic striped bass Morone saxatilis was presented to illustrate potential sources of uncertainty in application of an age-based population model. Erroneous conclusions in stock assessment can result from incorrect model selection, input data that are not representative of the target population, and improper configuration of the selected model. Influence of incorrect input data and model configuration was investigated using striped bass catch-at-age data analyzed with a tuned virtual population analysis model (ADAPT VPA). Variations in model configurations were explored in addition to sensitivity to input parameters such as natural mortality. Violation of the assumption of constant natural mortality-at-age had a significant influence on the resulting estimates of F and stock size. Discard losses, particularly from the commercial fishery, were the largest source of uncertainty in the catch-at-age. Uncertainty due to process error in the VPA model was characterized by bootstrap realizations of the nonlinear least-squares estimates of fishing mortality. The implications associated with fishing at various Fs were also examined using a stochastic projection model. A comparison of fishing mortality estimates derived from two independent models, an age-structured population model and a tag-recovery model, indicated that both methods produced equivalent results. Evaluation of the striped bass stock assessment demonstrates that uncertainty could result from a variety of sources but this variability was only partially captured within the model framework. Understanding the possible sources of uncertainty and implications in interpreting model results should benefit the analyst in providing assessment advice to managers. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Shepherd, GR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-31-X J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 45 EP 62 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BU91V UT WOS:000177398200005 ER PT S AU Vaughan, DS Prager, MH Smith, JW AF Vaughan, DS Prager, MH Smith, JW BE Berkson, JM Kline, LL Orth, DJ TI Consideration of uncertainty in stock assessment of Atlantic menhaden SO INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY INTO FISHERY MODELS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Incorporating Uncertainty into Fishery Models CY JUN 28-29, 1999 CL JEKYLL ISL, GA SP Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, USD Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Univ Reach, Virginia Tech ID BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; POPULATION; FISHERIES; MODEL; SIZE AB Stock assessments of Atlantic menhaden are conducted annually for the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, as required by the recently updated Fishery Management Plan, adopted in 1992. Uncertainties in stock assessments have been explored over the years from many perspectives. Two general areas of analysis are considered here. The first area is largely deterministic and concerns the virtual population analysis (VPA), including development and coherence of the catch-at-age matrix; historical retrospective problems; implications of assuming constant M at all ages analyzed; and reliability of recruitment estimates relative to fishery-independent juvenile abundance indices when used for calibrating the VPA. The second area of consideration comprises stochastic analyses, including stochastic projections based on biological benchmarks determined from yield-per-recruit and spawning-stock-biomass-per-recruit models; bootstrapped application of a surplus-production model; and projections from that production model. Nonetheless, the largest uncertainty in assessment of the stock stems not from modeling considerations, but is a biological question: Can the high stock levels observed in the 1950s be regained by reducing fishing mortality? Projections based on production modeling assume that they can, but if exogenous forces (for example, habitat loss or pollution) have affected the stock, it may be that they cannot. If the recent pattern of lower fishing mortality rates in response to social and economic factors continues, the fishery will in essence conduct an experiment that may answer the question. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Vaughan, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-31-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 2002 VL 27 BP 83 EP 112 PG 30 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BU91V UT WOS:000177398200007 ER PT S AU Palka, D AF Palka, D BE Berkson, JM Kline, LL Orth, DJ TI Incorporating uncertainty into marine mammal management SO INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY INTO FISHERY MODELS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Incorporating Uncertainty into Fishery Models CY JUN 28-29, 1999 CL JEKYLL ISL, GA SP Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, USD Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Univ Reach, Virginia Tech AB Management schemes for marine mammals developed by the United States and International Whaling Commission (IWC) have sought to achieve their management objectives by developing control laws designed to calculate acceptable levels of human-caused mortality, while explicitly incorporating some types of uncertainty, and while being robust to other types of uncertainty. The United States developed the "potential biological removal" control law in managing commercial fisheries to reduce incidental catches of marine mammals. The IWC developed, but has not yet used the "catch limit algorithm" control law in managing commercial harvests of baleen whales. In both cases, to develop and test the control law, quantitative management objectives were specified, and only reliably and easily collected data were required. Then, given these specifications and requirements, simulations were used to define the control law and test its robustness to uncertainties in assumptions and data. Finally, to identify unforeseen uncertainties, the management schemes include rules and guidelines on reviews, monitoring programs, and data collection and analyses. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Palka, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-31-X J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 157 EP 169 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BU91V UT WOS:000177398200010 ER PT J AU Jacoff, A Messina, E Evans, J AF Jacoff, A Messina, E Evans, J TI Performance evaluation of autonomous mobile robots SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT LA English DT Article DE performance; robots; perception; evaluation AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a program to develop quantitative metrics for machine intelligence. One of the possible approaches to evaluating machine intelligence is task-based performance testing, like a mouse in a maze. A series of application-specific testbeds is envisioned. NIST has created a set of reference test arenas for evaluating the performance of autonomous mobile robots performing urban search and rescue tasks. Robots must explore the maze-like test course, map the environment, find the simulated victims, and then report back their findings. In this paper, we describe our approach toward developing performance metrics for autonomous mobile robots through standardized testing within representative environments and objective performance evaluations. Our intent is to help accelerate the robotic research communities' advancement of mobile robot capabilities, thereby improving the effectiveness of robots performing within industrial settings, hazardous environments, and in exploration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacoff, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1108/01439910210425568 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 560DR UT WOS:000176067600011 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Bhupathiraju, AK Miller, AJ Reintsema, CD AF Grossman, EN Bhupathiraju, AK Miller, AJ Reintsema, CD BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Concealed weapons detection using an uncooled millimeter-wave microbolometer system SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bolometer; array; millimeter-wave; concealed weapons; imaging ID IMAGING ARRAYS; BOLOMETERS AB We describe the status of, and present the first imagery obtained using an active uncooled mm-wave microbolometer-based imaging system. The microbolometers consist of 2 mum x 6 mum x .02 mum Nb films, coupled to the incident field by annular slot antennas. The system frequency is centered at 94 GHz. Imagery has been obtained using a mechanically scanned primary mirror and single-pixel bolometer, as a prototype for a 120-element focal-plane array still under development. With our most recent version of the optical system, high quality images, with clear detail on a spatial scale of I cm, have been obtained with acquisition times of 70 s and a target range of 1.3 m. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 364 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.477461 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300036 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, G Racz, M Hanssen, L AF Eppeldauer, G Racz, M Hanssen, L BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Spectral responsivity determination of a transfer-standard pyroelectric radiometer SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE absolute responsivity; gold-black coating; infrared; irradiance; pyroelectric detector; radiant power; radiometer; reflectance; relative response; transfer standard; ultraviolet ID SCALE; REALIZATION; IRRADIANCE; FACILITY; POWER AB A NIST-developed pyroelectric radiometer was characterized and calibrated to extend the NIST high accuracy spectral responsivity scale from the visible range to the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). The transmission of the gold-black coated ENW3 pyroelectric material is negligibly small, therefore the absorptance, equal to 1-reflectance, is proportional to the responsivity of the detector. The spectral total reflectance of the coating was measured with integrating spheres and spectrophotometers to determine the relative spectral responsivity from the UV to the JR. The relative spectral responsivity was converted into absolute spectral power and irradiance responsivities by measuring the total power in a 442 nm stabilized laser beam. The reference device for absolute calibration was a Si trap-detector calibrated against the primary standard cryogenic radiometer. The calibrations were repeated with 31 months separation. A 0.3 % long-term shift in the reflectance was measured between 800 run and 19 mum. The 28 % reflectance at 10.6 mum scaled up the 0.1% spatial responsivity non-uniformity in the visible (where the reflectance was 0.4 %) to 8 %. The spectral power and irradiance responsivity scales of the pyroelectric radiometer have been realized between 250 nm and 2.5 mum with a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.34 % (coverage factor k=1). C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, G (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4586-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4818 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.450561 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95F UT WOS:000180513500013 ER PT S AU Lew, HS Kunnath, SK AF Lew, HS Kunnath, SK BE Malhotra, VM TI Assessment of structural systems evaluation methods based on local seismic demands SO INNOVATIONS IN DESIGN WITH EMPHASIS ON SEISMIC, WIND, AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOADING: QUALITY CONTROL AND INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS/HOT-WEATHER CONCRETING SE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference of the American-Concrete-Institute CY DEC, 2002 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Amer Concrete Inst DE dynamic analysis; earthquake engineering; nonlinear static procedures; performance-based design; story drift AB This paper examines the effectiveness of nonlinear static procedures for seismic response analysis of buildings. Nonlinear static procedures are recommended in FEMA 273 (Federal Emergency Management Agency-Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings) for assessing the seismic performance of buildings for a given earthquake hazard representation. Three nonlinear static procedures specified in FEMA 273 are evaluated for their ability to predict deformation demands in terms on inter-story drifts and potential failure mechanisms. Two steel and two reinforced concrete buildings were used to evaluate the procedures. Strong-motion data recorded during the Northridge earthquake are available for these buildings. The study shows that nonlinear static procedures are not effective in predicting inter-story drift demands compared to nonlinear dynamic procedures. Nonlinear static procedures were not able to capture yielding of columns in the upper levels of one of the selected buildings. This inability can be a significant source of concern in identifying local upper story failure mechanisms. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lew, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0065-7891 BN 0-87031-089-5 J9 AMER CONC I PY 2002 VL 209 BP 771 EP 790 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BY53C UT WOS:000189401500042 ER PT S AU Peng, Y Zou, YY Luan, XC Ivezic, N Gruninger, M Jones, A AF Peng, Y Zou, YY Luan, XC Ivezic, N Gruninger, M Jones, A BE Truszkowski, W Rouff, C Hinchey, M TI Semantic resolution for E-commerce SO INNOVATIVE CONCPTS FOR AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Radical Agent Concepts CY JAN 16-18, 2002 CL MCLEAN, VIRGINIA SP GSFC, Jet Propuls Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB We describe a research project on resolving semantic differences for multi-agent systems (MAS) in electronic commerce. The approach can be characterized as follows: (1) agents in a MAS may have their own specific ontologies defined on top of a shared base ontology; (2) concepts in these ontologies are represented as frame-like structures based on DAML+OIL language; (3) the semantic differences between agents are resolved at runtime through inter-agent communication; and (4) the resolution is viewed as an abductive inference process, and thus necessarily involves approximation reasoning. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peng, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Novoa, Kevin/J-2867-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40725-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2564 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX62U UT WOS:000185937000027 ER PT S AU DaBell, RS Chu, PM Fraser, GT Suenram, RD AF DaBell, RS Chu, PM Fraser, GT Suenram, RD BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Evaluation of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy as a tool for quantitative analysis: Signal stability considerations SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy; FTMW; instrument function; calibration; stability; reproducibility ID SPECTROMETER; BEAM AB There is a continuing need for improved analytical techniques to measure the concentration of trace gases for monitoring hazardous air pollutants, industrial emissions, chemical-warfare agent release, etc. Methods of analysis that can conclusively identify several analytes in a mixture are particularly desired. Towards this end, the use of Fourier-transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy as a quantitative analytical technique has been proposed. The high spectral resolution of FTMW provides a quick and unambiguous method for identifying multiple analytes in the gas phase. A small-scale FTMW spectrometer has recently been constructed for use in quantitative analysis. Prior to the present investigation, however, the use of this spectrometer in quantitative work has not been rigorously evaluated. This work summarizes efforts to identify and categorize sources of signal instability in the FTMW spectrometer. Methods employed to minimize these effects will also be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.455163 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900026 ER PT S AU Zarr, RR Filliben, JJ AF Zarr, RR Filliben, JJ BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI An international study of guarded hot plate laboratories using fibrous glass and expanded polystyrene reference materials SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE certified reference material; guarded hot plate; interlaboratory; reference materials; thermal insulation; thermal conductivity; SRM AB Thermal conductivity measurements of four thermal insulation reference materials are presented, The measurements were obtained from an international study of guarded-hot-plate laboratories in Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, For each reference material, the study requires five independent replicate measurements at a fixed temperature of 297.15 K, and single-point measurements at 280 K, 290 K, 300 K, 310 K, and 320 K. An important finding from the replicate analysis is the existence of a laboratory-material interaction; that is, there are laboratory-to-laboratory differences in both location and variation that change from material to material. The major underlying source for the variability (both within and between laboratory) in the replicate data is discussed. The analysis of the multi-temperature (280 K to 320 K) data supports the laboratory-material interaction as exhibited in the fixed-temperature replicate data. The multi temperature analysis also reveals an increasing difference between laboratories as the temperature departs from 297.15 K. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1520/STP11001S PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700001 ER PT S AU Healy, WM Flynn, DR AF Healy, WM Flynn, DR BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI Thermal modeling of multiple-line-heat-source guarded hot plate apparatus SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE finite element analysis; guarded hot plate; heat conduction; heat transfer; insulation; R-value; thermal analysis; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermal resistance AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology is building a guarded hot plate apparatus of advanced design to provide very accurate thermal transmission properties for specimens of thermal insulation 500 mm in diameter, with thicknesses up to 110 mm, at mean temperatures from 90 K to 900 K. This paper documents some of the extensive thermal modeling and analyses that were carried out in the course of designing this apparatus and characterizing potential errors and uncertainties. In an idealized guarded hot plate apparatus, the effective thermal conductivity is simply computed from the measured power input to the meter plate heater, the effective area of the metering plate, the temperature of the hot plate and the two cold plates, and the specimen thickness. In an actual apparatus, there may be (a) temperature variations in the hot plate and cold plates, (b) radial heat flow within the specimen, and (c) transient temperature fluctuations that add uncertainty to the measured thermal conductivity. For the new 500 mm apparatus, both analytical solutions and finite element analyses were used to model temperature distributions in critical thermal components, heat flows that might affect the measured thermal conductivity values, and the effects of departures from ideal steady-state conditions on test results. This paper focuses on the results of these analyses and computations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Healy, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 79 EP 97 DI 10.1520/STP11006S PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700006 ER PT B AU Hong, TH Rasmussen, C Chang, T Shneier, M AF Hong, TH Rasmussen, C Chang, T Shneier, M BE Gini, M Shen, WM Torras, C Yuasa, H TI Fusing ladar and color image information for mobile robot feature detection and tracking SO INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-7) CY 2001 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA SP Intelligent Autonomous Syst Soc ID ATTENTION; VISION; FOCUS AB In an outdoor, off-road mobile robotics environment, it is important to identify objects that can affect the vehicle's ability to traverse its planned path, and to determine their three-dimensional characteristics. In this paper, a combination of three elements is used to accomplish this task. An imaging ladar collects range images of the scene. A color camera, whose position relative to the ladar is known, is used to gather color images. Information extracted from these sensors is used to build a world model, a representation of the current state of the world. The world model is used actively in the sensing to predict what should be visible in each of the sensors during the next imaging cycle. The paper explains how the combined use of these three types of information leads to a robust understanding of the local environment surrounding the robotic vehicle for two important tasks: puddle/pond avoidance and road sign detection. Applications of this approach to road detection are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hong, TH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 1-58603-239-9 PY 2002 BP 124 EP 133 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BU34L UT WOS:000175726200017 ER PT S AU Beeton, AM Hageman, J AF Beeton, AM Hageman, J BE Williams, WD TI Changes in zooplankton populations in western Lake Erie after establishment of Dreissena polymorpha SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 7, PROCEEDINGS SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID ZEBRA MUSSELS; HATCHERY BAY C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Chief Scientist, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Beeton, AM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Chief Scientist, 14th & Constitut, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54058-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2002 VL 27 BP 3798 EP 3804 PN 7 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU33C UT WOS:000175705300003 ER PT S AU McCormick, MJ Miller, GS Murthy, CR Rao, YR Saylor, JH AF McCormick, MJ Miller, GS Murthy, CR Rao, YR Saylor, JH BE Wetzel, RG TI Tracking coastal flow with surface drifters during the episodic events Great Lakes experiment SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP McCormick, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54060-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV10A UT WOS:000177817300063 ER PT S AU Fahnenstiel, GL Beckmann, C Lohrenz, SE Millie, DE Schofield, OME McCormick, MJ AF Fahnenstiel, GL Beckmann, C Lohrenz, SE Millie, DE Schofield, OME McCormick, MJ BE Wetzel, RG TI Standard Niskin and Van Dorn bottles inhibit phytoplankton photosynthesis in Lake Michigan SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ZOOPLANKTON; PACIFIC; ONTARIO; C-14 C1 NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Fahnenstiel, GL (reprint author), NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54060-3 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV10A UT WOS:000177817300066 ER PT S AU Miller, GS McCormick, MJ Saylor, JH Murthy, RC Rao, YR AF Miller, GS McCormick, MJ Saylor, JH Murthy, RC Rao, YR BE Wetzel, RG TI Temporal and spatial variability of the resuspension coastal plume in southern Lake Michigan inferred from ADCP backscatter SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Miller, GS (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54061-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2002 VL 28 BP 513 EP 518 PN 2 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW12R UT WOS:000180942800001 ER PT J AU Burns, TJ Davies, MA AF Burns, TJ Davies, MA TI On repeated adiabatic shear band formation during high-speed machining SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Mechanics and Materials Conference CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA DE plasticity; adiabatic shear; machining; relaxation oscillations ID TEMPERATURE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; METALS; INSTABILITY; CRITERION AB We compare the repeated adiabatic shear band formation that takes place at sufficiently large cutting speeds in a number of materials during high-speed machining operations with the more well-known formation of a single shear band that often takes place at sufficiently large strain rates in dynamic torsion tests on these: materials. We show that there are several major differences in the physics of the two deformation processes. In particular, the shear stress in machining over the tool-material contact length is not even approximately homogeneous. Additionally, in high-speed machining, the material flow can become convection-dominated, so that the tool can "outrun" the thermal front generated in the workpiece material by the high-strain-rate cutting process. We demonstrate by means of a one-dimensional continuum model that these differences can lead to repeated oscillations in the plastic flow of the workpiece material during high-speed machining, leading to the repeated formation of adiabatic shear bands. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIST, Comp & Appl Math Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Comp & Appl Math Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 487 EP 506 AR PII S0749-6419(01)00006-7 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00006-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 539FD UT WOS:000174859100003 ER PT J AU Slutsker, J Roytburd, AL AF Slutsker, J Roytburd, AL TI Control of intrinsic instability of superelastic deformation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Plasticity CY JUL 17-21, 2000 CL WHISTLER, CANADA DE phase transformation; superelastic deformation; adaptive composite; stress-strain hysteresis ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ADAPTIVE MATERIALS; POLYDOMAIN CRYSTALS; COMPOSITE; SOLIDS; MATRIX; MODEL AB The superelastic deformation of shape memory alloys has intrinsic instability as a result of incompatibility between martensite and austenite phases at stress-induced transformation. This instability leads to the thermodynamic stress-strain hysteresis of the superelastic deformation. It has been shown that the combination of a shape memory active material with a non-transforming passive material can decrease and suppress the instability of superelastic deformation. The stability analysis of superelastic deformation allows one to formulate design principles of adaptive composites with controlled stress-strain hysteresis and potentially large reversible deformation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1581 AR PII S0749-6419(02)00029-3 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(02)00029-3 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 598MJ UT WOS:000178279800007 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Yana-Motta, SF Domanski, PA AF Brown, JS Yana-Motta, SF Domanski, PA TI Comparitive analysis of an automotive air conditioning systems operating with CO2 and R134a SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE air conditioning; automobile; CO2; R134a; performance ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; CYCLE; SIMULATION; BINARY AB This paper evaluates performance merits Of CO2 and R134a automotive air conditioning systems using semi-theoretical cycle models. The R134a system had a current-production configuration, which consisted of a. compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator. The CO2 system was additionally equipped with a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger. Using these two systems, an effort was made to derive an equitable comparison of performance; the components in both systems were equivalent and differences in thermodynamic and transport properties were accounted for in the simulations. The analysis showed R134a having a better COP than CO2 with the COP disparity being dependent on compressor speed (system capacity) and ambient temperature. For a compressor speed of 1000 RPM, the COP Of CO2 was lower by 21% at 32.2 degreesC and by 34% at 48.9 degreesC. At higher speeds and ambient temperatures, the COP disparity was even greater. The entropy generation calculations indicated that the large entropy generation in the gas cooler was the primary cause for the lower performance of CO2. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brown, J. Steven/F-9841-2011 OI Brown, J. Steven/0000-0003-4914-7778 NR 41 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 502JB UT WOS:000172739500003 ER PT J AU Vicente, GA Davenport, JC Scofield, RA AF Vicente, GA Davenport, JC Scofield, RA TI The role of orographic and parallax corrections on real time high resolution satellite rainfall rate distribution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION AB This research presents a step by step description of the procedure to correct high resolution satellite rainfall estimation for parallax error and orographic effects, and shows how these adjustments can be performed on any satellite rainfall estimation technique. The procedure is tested on the experimental automatic rainfall estimation technique currently in use by the National Environment Satellite Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), at the National and Oceanic Administration (NOAA). C1 NASA, Raytheon ITSS, GSFC, DAAC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Vicente, GA (reprint author), NASA, Raytheon ITSS, GSFC, DAAC, Code 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1080/01431160010006935 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 496XZ UT WOS:000172424800002 ER PT J AU Jargon, JA Gupta, KC DeGroot, DC AF Jargon, JA Gupta, KC DeGroot, DC TI Applications of artificial neural networks to RF and microwave measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE application; artificial neural network; calibration, measurement; microwave, model; network analyzer; standards ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; EM-ANN MODELS; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; PERMITTIVITY; ANALYZER; LINE; CALIBRATION; COMPONENTS; CIRCUITS; DESIGN AB This article describes how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to benefit a number of RF and microwave measurement areas including vector network analysis (VNA). We apply ANNs to model a variety of on-wafer and coaxial VNA calibrations, including open-short-load-thru (OSLT) and line-reflect-match (LRM), and assess the accuracy of the calibrations using these ANN-modeled standards. We find that the ANN models compare favorably to benchmark calibrations throughout the frequencies they were trained for. We summarize other current applications of ANNs, including the determination of permittivities of liquids from the reflection coefficient measurements of an open-ended coaxial probe and the determination of moisture content of wheat from free-space transmission coefficient measurements. We also discuss some potential applications of ANN models related to power measurements, material characterization, and the comparison of nonlinear vector network analyzers. (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, CAMPmode, Ctr Adv Mfg & Packaging Microwave Opt & Digital E, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Elect Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1096-4290 EI 1099-047X J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1002/mmce.10014 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 501UY UT WOS:000172705500002 ER PT J AU Lue, L Kiselev, SB AF Lue, L Kiselev, SB TI Crossover behavior of linear and star polymers in good solvents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE computer simulation; crossover; linear polymers; penetration function; scaling; star polymers ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; EXCLUDED VOLUME; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; CHAIN MOLECULES; PIVOT ALGORITHM; CONFORMATION; EQUATION; LATTICE; PRESSURE AB Monte Carlo simulation calculations for the mean-square end-to-end distance and second virial coefficient for model linear and star polymers composed of hard spheres with square-well attractions are presented. For these polymers, two types of crossover behavior are observed: (i) crossover from the Gaussian chain to the Kuhnian chain limits and (ii) crossover from the semiflexible chain to the Kuhnian chain limits. A crossover theory for the proper-ties of dilute linear and star polymers under good solvent conditions is presented. This model directly relates the properties of the monomer-monomer interaction to the renormalized parameters of the theory. The predictions of the crossover theory are in good agreement with simulation data. A new equation of state for linear and star polymers in good solvents is presented. The equation of state captures the scaling behavior of polymer solutions in the dilute/semidilute regimes and also performs well in the concentrated regimes, where the details of the monomer-monomer interactions become important. This theory is compared to Monte Carlo simulation data for the volumetric behavior of tangent hard-sphere polymers. C1 UMIST, Dept Chem Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Chem Engn & Petr Refining Dept, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lue, L (reprint author), UMIST, Dept Chem Engn, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RI Lue, Leo/E-7846-2011 OI Lue, Leo/0000-0002-4826-5337 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 117 EP 134 DI 10.1023/A:1013901009977 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800009 ER PT J AU Drabarek, E Bartlett, JR Hanley, HJM Woolfrey, JL Muzny, CD AF Drabarek, E Bartlett, JR Hanley, HJM Woolfrey, JL Muzny, CD TI Effect of processing variables on the structural evolution of silica gels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE gelation mechanism; gel point; gel structure; restructuring; rheology; silica; viscosity; viscoelasticity AB Constant shear rate and dynamic rheological measurements have been used to investigate the effect of shear on the processes controlling the structural evolution (size and volume fraction of clusters and the extent of cluster-cluster cross-linking) during the gelation of colloidal silica sols. In the absence of shear, the storage and loss moduli (G' and G", respectively) initially increase slowly prior to gelation, indicating that cluster growth and network formation are initially proceeding slowly, but then the system evolves rapidly, with cluster growth occurring at a slightly faster rate than network formation. In contrast, sols presheared for 4 h prior to gelation exhibit rapid increases in both G' and G" immediately after cessation of the applied shear, reflecting significant differences in the evolution of the gel structure. On aging, the viscoelastic properties of the unsheared and presheared samples are similar, indicating that their structures are comparable on the length scales (several microns) being probed by the frequency range used here. However, their chemical and microstructural properties differ significantly, due to differences in the intercluster bonds. The effect of shear rate, initial pH, colloid particle size, and volume fraction on the structure of the resulting sols and gels is discussed. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Mat, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Bartlett, JR (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Mat, Private Mail Bag 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1023/A:1013905110885 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800011 ER PT J AU Nakatani, AI Chen, W Schmidt, RG Gordon, GV Han, CC AF Nakatani, AI Chen, W Schmidt, RG Gordon, GV Han, CC TI Chain dimensions in polysilicate-filled poly(dimethyl siloxane) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE filled polymers; poly(dimethyl siloxane); polysilicate fillers; radius of gyration; small-angle neutron scattering ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ISOMERIC STATE SIMULATIONS; CARBON-BLACK COMPOSITES; NON-GAUSSIAN THEORY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; FRACTAL STRUCTURE; NETWORKS; CONFIGURATIONS; REINFORCEMENT AB Experimental results on the single-chain dimensions of isotopic blends (both mismatched and matched molecular masses) of poly(dimethyl siloxane) containing trimethylsilyl-treated polysilicate particles (fillers) are presented and compared with Monte Carlo calculations. For polymer chains that are approximately the same size as the filler particle, a decrease in chain dimensions is observed relative to the unfilled chain dimensions at all filler concentrations. For larger chains, at low filler concentrations, an increase in chain dimensions relative to the unfilled chain dimensions is observed. Both results are in agreement with existing Monte Carlo predictions. However, at even higher filler contents, which are beyond the scope of the Monte Carlo predictions, the chain dimensions reach a maximum value before decreasing to values which are still larger than the unfilled chain dimensions. A simple excluded volume model is proposed which accounts for these observations at higher filler content. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. RP Han, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1023/A:1013913312702 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800015 ER PT J AU Kaschnitz, E Reiter, P McClure, JL AF Kaschnitz, E Reiter, P McClure, JL TI Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid 90Ti-6Al-4V in the temperature range from 1400 to 2300 K measured by millisecond and microsecond pulse-heating techniques SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE electrical resistivity; high temperatures; pulse heating; specific heat capacity; titanium alloy (90Ti-6Al-4V); transient techniques AB The heat capacity and electrical resistivity of 90Ti-6Al-4V were measured in the temperature range from 1400 to 2300 K by two pulse-heating systems, operating in the millisecond and microsecond time regimes. The millisecond-resolution technique is based on resistive self-heating of a tube-shaped specimen from room temperature to melting in less than 500 ins. In this technique, the current through the specimen, the voltage drop along a defined portion of the specimen, and the temperature of the specimen are measured every 0.5 ms. The microsecond-resolution technique is based on the same principle as the millisecond-resolution technique except for using a rod-shaped specimen, a faster heating rate (by a factor of 10,000), and faster data recording (every 0.5 mus). Due to the rapid heating with the microsecond system, the specimen keeps its shape even in the liquid phase while measurements are made up to approximately 300 K above the melting temperature. A comparison between the results obtained from the two systems with very different heating rates shows significant differences in phase transition and melting behavior. The very high heating rate of the microsecond system shifts the solid-solid phase transition from the (alpha+beta) to the beta phase to a higher temperature, and changes the behavior of melting from melting over a temperature range to melting at a constant temperature like an eutectic. alloy or a pure metal. C1 Osterreichisches Giesserei Inst, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaschnitz, E (reprint author), Osterreichisches Giesserei Inst, Parkstr 21, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1023/A:1013925715428 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800021 ER PT J AU Boboridis, K AF Boboridis, K TI Thermophysical property measurements on niobium and titanium by a microsecond-resolution pulse-heating technique using high-speed laser polarimetry and radiation thermometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE electrical resistivity; emittance; heat of fusion; high temperatures; liquid metals; melting; niobium; pulse heating; refractory metals; titanium; transient techniques ID TRANSIENT TECHNIQUE; PHOTOPOLARIMETER; CALIBRATION; FUSION AB A microsecond-resolution technique was used to measure the heat of fusion, specific heat capacity, and electrical resistivity of niobium and titanium in the temperature range of 1600 to 3200 and 1500 to 2200 K, respectively. The method is based on rapid resistive self-heating of a wire-shaped specimen by a current pulse from a capacitor-discharge system. Melting of the specimen occurs in approximately 50 mus. Measured quantities are the current through the specimen, the voltage across the specimen, the radiance from the specimen, and its normal spectral emittance, as functions of time. The true temperature of the specimen is computed from the values of the normal spectral emittance and radiance temperature of the specimen at each instant. The latter quantities are measured by means of high-speed laser polarimetry and radiation thermometry, respectively. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Graz Tech Univ, Inst Expt, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Boboridis, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1023/A:1013977732267 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800022 ER PT S AU Bergman, DI Engler, H AF Bergman, DI Engler, H GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Improved I-DDQ testing with empirical linear prediction SO INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE International Test Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Test Conference CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Comp, Test Technol Tech Council, IEEE Philadelphia Sect ID SUBMICRON CMOS AB A new linear prediction method that improves I-DDQ test effectiveness is described. The method uses statistical pre-processing of exhaustive measurements on training:devices to extract principal patterns in the device I-DDQ behavior and to generate a prediction model. Pitting the model to device measurements accommodates variations in the fabrication process. Comparison with the Delta I-DDQ test method using the SEMATECH S-121 data shows that for nearly equal numbers of defective parts passed, the new method fails fewer defect-free parts. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Engler, Hans/0000-0002-2085-8018 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-3539 BN 0-7803-7542-4 J9 INT TEST CONF P PY 2002 BP 954 EP 963 DI 10.1109/TEST.2002.1041851 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV78Q UT WOS:000180001500116 ER PT B AU Van Dyck, RE AF Van Dyck, RE GP IEEE IEEE TI Detection performance in self-organized wireless sensor networks SO ISIT: 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, Informat Theory Soc, QUALCOMM, Nokia, BROADCOM, IBM, Texas Instruments, Swisscom, DARPA, NSF, ONR, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Sun Microsyst, Haslerstiftung, EPFL, IEEE C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Van Dyck, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7501-7 PY 2002 BP 13 EP 13 DI 10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023285 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV13N UT WOS:000177912700013 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V GP IEEE IEEE TI Minimum cost routing: Robustness through randomization SO ISIT: 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, Informat Theory Soc, QUALCOMM, Nokia, BROADCOM, IBM, Texas Instruments, Swisscom, DARPA, NSF, ONR, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Sun Microsyst, Haslerstiftung, EPFL, IEEE ID NETWORKS AB A minimum cost routing admits an arriving request on the minimum cost route if this minimum cost does not exceed the cost of the request, and rejects the request otherwise. Minimum cost routing strategies naturally arise as a result of optimization of the network performance or incorporating Quality of Service (QoS) requirements into the admission and routing processes. In the former case the implied cost of the resources represents the expected future revenue losses due to insufficient resources for servicing future requests. In the latter case the cost of a route represents the QoS provided to the request. In both cases due to the aggregation, delays in disseminating signaling information, statistical inferences, non-steady or adversarial operational environment the cost of the resources may not be known exactly. Usually this uncertainty is modeled by assuming that the resource costs are random variables with some fixed probability distributions. We propose to explore a different approach intended to guard against the worst case scenario with respect to the resource costs. We solve the corresponding game in a symmetric case. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7501-7 PY 2002 BP 127 EP 127 DI 10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023399 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV13N UT WOS:000177912700127 ER PT B AU Horst, J Kramer, T Stouffer, K Falco, J Huang, HM Proctor, F Wavering, A AF Horst, J Kramer, T Stouffer, K Falco, J Huang, HM Proctor, F Wavering, A BE Bacellar, L Puschner, P Hong, S TI Distributed testing of an equipment-level interface specification SO ISORC 2002: FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OBJECT-ORIENTED REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Processing, OMG, IFIP WG 10 4 DE conformance test; coordinate measuring machine; distributed testing; interface specifications; metrology; object-oriented; real-time systems; test suite; validation test AB A test suite for a key interface within a dimensional measuring system (coordinate measuring machine or CMM) is presented. The test suite consists of test procedures, test definitions, and various testing utilities. A real-time, distributed test utilizing the test suite has been performed and is described. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Horst, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1558-4 PY 2002 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1109/ISORC.2002.1003760 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU39W UT WOS:000175883900042 ER PT B AU Wheeler, D Josell, D Moffatt, TP AF Wheeler, D Josell, D Moffatt, TP BE Amon, CH Ramakrishna, K Sammakia, BG Subbarayan, G Sathe, SB Joshi, YK TI Modeling superconformal electrodeposition in trenches SO ITHERM 2002: EIGHTH INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Components, Packaging & and Mfg Technol Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, K-16 Comm Electr Cooling, Heat Transfer Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Electr & Photon and Packaging Div, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE level set method; electrodeposition; numerical method; electrolyte; scalar variable; interface tracking ID FEATURES; COPPER AB Damascene copper is rapidly replacing aluminum as the interconnect material of choice in silicon technology. The change is driven by the lower electrical resistivity of copper, which decreases power consumption and permits increased central processor unit (CPU) clocking speeds. Electroplating is the preferred deposition method because it permits filling of high-aspect ratio features without seams or voids through the process of superconformal deposition, also called "superfill." This process has been demonstrated to depend critically on the inclusion of additives in the electrolyte. Superfill occurs when a high aspect ratio feature on a silicon wafer fills due to preferential metal deposition permitting the bottom surface to rise before the side walls close off. Two crucial mechanisms by which the additives enable superfill to occur are (a) accelerator behavior increasing the copper deposition rate as a function of coverage and (b) conservation of accelerator coverage with increasing/decreasing arc length. A model that includes these effects is implemented using the level set method. Trench superfilling simulations will be presented and compared with experiment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wheeler, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7152-6 PY 2002 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2002.1012540 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BU89W UT WOS:000177323800110 ER PT S AU Song, JF Low, S Ma, L AF Song, JF Low, S Ma, L GP VDI VDI TI Tolerancing form deviations for Rockwell diamond indenters SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE DE Rockwell hardness; HRC; diamond indenter; form deviation; finite element analysis; FEA; ASTM E18-2002; ISO 6508-3 : 1999 AB The form deviations of Rockwell diamond indenters can cause significant differences in Rockwell hardness readings. In order to control that effect, tolerances for form error deviations of Rockwell diamond indenters have been specified in both the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. In this paper, experimental data on the effects of form deviations of Rockwell indenters are analyzed. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the effect of form deviations on HRC readings. Theoretical analyses are verified by experimental results. Based on these results, as manufacturing and measurement techniques for Rockwell diamond indenters improve, it is suggested that a tighter tolerance be specified for the form deviations of Rockwell indenters used for calibrations of reference blocks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900005 ER PT S AU Low, SR AF Low, SR GP VDI VDI TI An empirical approach to determining Rockwell hardness measurement uncertainty SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE AB Characteristics of the empirically developed Rockwell hardness test make it difficult to determine measurement uncertainty using methods based on mathematical models describing the relationship between the measurand and the influence quantities. An empirical approach to determining Rockwell hardness uncertainty has been developed, which provides a method based on the familiar procedures and practices of Rockwell hardness testing laboratories. The approach views the hardness machine and indenter as a single measuring device, and considers uncertainties associated with the machine repeatability and the usage of the machine over time with varying environmental conditions and with different operators. The approach also considers the measurement bias of the Rockwell hardness machine as compared to reference standards. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Low, SR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900008 ER PT S AU Kramar, JA Newell, DB Pratt, JR AF Kramar, JA Newell, DB Pratt, JR GP VDI VDI TI Nist electrostatic force balance experiment SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE AB We have designed and built a prototype electrostatic force balance for realizing forces in the micronewton range. The active electrodes are concentric cylinders, the outer serving as the reference and the inner suspended and guided by a rectilinear flexure mechanism. The geometry has been designed such that a near-linear capacitance gradient of 1 pF/mm is achieved at a working overlap of 5 mm. We have used this balance in a null-displacement mode to compare an electric realization of force with the force generated by calibrated deadweights of nominal mass 1 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg. The preliminary measurements reported here agree to within a few parts in 10(4) after including all known correction factors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramar, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900010 ER PT S AU Pratt, JR Newell, DB Kramar, JA AF Pratt, JR Newell, DB Kramar, JA GP VDI VDI TI A flexure balance with adjustable restoring torque for nanonewton force measurement SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE AB The NIST electrostatic force balance compares mechanical probe forces to an SI realization of force derived from measurements of the capacitance gradient and voltage in an electronic null balance. As we approach the nanonewton regime, the finite stiffness of the guiding flexure in the balance becomes a limiting factor. Here, we consider an equal arm balance mechanism constructed using flexure pivots as an alternative to the compound rectilinear spring of the present design. We review how the sensitivity of such mechanisms can be adjusted either by manipulating the center of gravity, or by applying a negative restoring torque using a spring. We examine tradeoffs associated with tuning the stiffness of these mechanisms with regards to tilt sensitivity and various nonideal flexure behaviors. Results obtained with a prototype mechanism are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pratt, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Bldg 233,Rm A147,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900011 ER PT S AU Smith, DT Woody, S Pratt, JR AF Smith, DT Woody, S Pratt, JR GP VDI VDI TI Compact force sensors for low-force mechanical probe calibration SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE AB The loading mechanisms of instrumented indentation machines are often calibrated using deadweights. In many cases, due to the geometry of the loading frame, the applied deadweight is tensile, while the indentation loads to be measured are compressive. In this paper, we report preliminary efforts to develop a compressive load cell for use on a typical instrumented indentation machine. Two devices were evaluated, one a compact capacitance-based device (fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology), the other a piezoresistive force sensor. We will describe the calibration sensitivity, stability and drift of each, and discuss the potential use of each as a force transfer artifact for the calibration of instrumented indenters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900041 ER PT S AU Ma, L Low, S Song, J AF Ma, L Low, S Song, J GP VDI VDI TI Comparison of Rockwell B hardness (HRB) tests using steel and tungsten carbide ball indenters SO JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IMEKO TC3/TC5/TC20 SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Force, Mass, Torque, Hardness and Civil Engineering Metrology in the Age of Globalization CY SEP 24-26, 2002 CL CELLE, GERMANY SP VDI VDE AB Significant measurement differences occur in Rockwell B hardness (HRB) tests when using 1.588 mm diameter ball indenters made of steel and tungsten carbide (WC). In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the HRB indentation process using steel, tungsten carbide and rigid ball indenters on the same tested materials under the same testing conditions. The influence of the deformable indenters (made of steel and WC) on the HRB indentation is assessed by comparing their FEA results with those of a non-deformable rigid indenter. The deformations of both the indenters and tested materials during the loading and unloading period are analyzed. The effect of deformable ball indenters on HRB hardness measurement values is discussed and further verified by experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091685-0 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1685 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV79Z UT WOS:000180069900063 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH AF Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH TI Comparison of optical coherence tomography, X-ray computed tomography, and confocal microscopy results from an impact damaged epoxy/E-glass composite SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE optical coherence tomography; X-ray computed tomography; confocal microscopy; composites; damage ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; RADIOGRAPHY AB Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for imaging of synthetic materials. OCT is attractive because it combines high sensitivity (> 90 dB), high resolution (5 mum to 20 mum), and low cost, approximately US $75 K. The value of any new technology is evaluated by how well it compares with existing methods. In this work, impact damage of an epoxy/E-glass composite is imaged using OCT and the results were compared with micro-focus X-ray computed tomography. This technique is a good benchmark to compare with OCT because both techniques have the ability to locate features precisely and have comparable resolutions. OCT is considered to be a confocal technique so it was also compared to laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Contrast mechanisms, sensitivity, resolution, depth of penetration, and artifacts among the techniques are compared and contrasted. Also, impact damage features revealed using OCT are briefly discussed. C1 NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1080/00218460210386 PG 26 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 558PV UT WOS:000175976500003 ER PT J AU Murphy, KE Long, SE Rearick, MS Ertas, OS AF Murphy, KE Long, SE Rearick, MS Ertas, OS TI The accurate determination of potassium and calcium using isotope dilution inductively coupled "cold'' plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; ICP-MS; HEXAPOLE COLLISION; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; LEAD; IMPLEMENTATION; OPTIMIZATION; NEBULIZATION; IONIZATION AB We describe an accurate method for the determination of K and Ca using isotope dilution inductively coupled "cold'' plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP-MS). Measurements were applied to the certification of K and Ca in a new oyster tissue standard reference material, SRM 1566b, and the determination of Ca for an international measurement comparability exercise for serum. Measurements were made using an ICP-MS operated in the cold plasma mode. Molecular ion interferences arising from the plasma were reduced below 1000 counts per second (cps) for the isotopes of interest, while maintaining a sensitivity of better than 9 6 10 6 cps for a 1 mg L-1 Ca solution. Detection limits of 1.3 ng L-1 and 2.5 ng L-1 were obtained for K and Ca, respectively. Isotope ratio measurement repeatability of the Ca-40/Ca-42 and K-39/K-41 ratios for spiked samples was better than 0.2% relative (n = 5, 1 s). Though interference from background peaks was reduced, molecular ions arising from the oyster tissue and serum matrices caused spectral interference. Reduction of the matrix induced interference was successfully accomplished using cation exchange chromatography. Data that demonstrate the reproducibility and accuracy of the ID ICP-MS measurements are presented. A split sample comparison with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) was performed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Analyt Chem, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Murphy, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1039/b200029f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 547HA UT WOS:000175325900002 ER PT J AU Christopher, SJ Vander Pol, SS Pugh, RS Day, RD Becker, PR AF Christopher, SJ Vander Pol, SS Pugh, RS Day, RD Becker, PR TI Determination of mercury in the eggs of common murres (Uria aalge) for the seabird tissue archival and monitoring project SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CONTAMINANTS; SPRINGTIME; DEPLETION; MAMMALS AB An analytical method using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICPMS) was developed for the determination of total mercury in the eggs of seabirds. Components including error magnification, verification of method accuracy and assignment of analytical uncertainty are presented in the context of collecting mercury data for single sample aliquots. Forty-one egg samples collected from common murre (Uria aalge) colonies on Little Diomede and Saint George Islands in the Bering Sea and East Amatuli and Saint Lazaria Islands in the Gulf of Alaska yielded mercury mass fraction values ranging from approximately 0.010 mug g(-1) to 0.360 mug g(-1). Relative expanded uncertainties for the individual determinations ranged from 1.2% to 4.4%. A one-way analysis of variance including pairwise comparisons across the colonies showed that mercury levels in eggs collected from the Gulf of Alaska colonies were significantly higher than their counterparts in the Bering Sea. Mercury data from each colony were normally distributed, suggesting a ubiquitous regional deposition of mercury and corresponding incorporation into local foodwebs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston Lab, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Christopher, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston Lab, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1039/b205018h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 580UP UT WOS:000177254600005 ER PT J AU Long, SE Vetter, TW AF Long, SE Vetter, TW TI Determination of sodium in blood serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; FLAME ATOMIC-EMISSION; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; DEFINITIVE METHOD; ICP-MS; POTASSIUM; CHLORIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NA AB Owing to its importance as a serum electrolyte, sodium is determined routinely in clinical laboratories. In the United States, the accuracy of these measurements is assessed through a number of proficiency testing programs. Clinical measurements are supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology through the production of serum matrix Standard Reference Materials(R) (909 and 956 series). For reference material certification, a gravimetric primary method has traditionally been used, but this method is time consuming. In this work, an alternative method has been developed in which sodium is determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using a procedure, which is a cross between internal standardization and isotope dilution analysis. Diluted serum is spiked with Mg-26 enriched isotope and the isotope ratio Na-23/Mg-26 measured in analog detection mode. The ratios are standardized by measuring a sodium primary standard (SRM 919a) spiked with Mg-26. As a relatively high concentration of sodium is measured, the sodium background from the ICP-MS instrument is comparatively small. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of sodium in SRM 909b (Human Serum), SRM 956a (Electrolytes in Frozen Human Serum) and serum pools from the College of American Pathologists. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1589 EP 1594 DI 10.1039/b208290j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 620WP UT WOS:000179556500004 ER PT J AU Grimsdell, AW Angevine, WM AF Grimsdell, AW Angevine, WM TI Observations of the afternoon transition of the convective boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; PROFILER; HEIGHT; DECAY AB This manuscript uses 915-MHz wind profiler reflectivity and Doppler spectral width data in time versus altitude to characterize general behaviors of the ending of the daytime convective boundary layer. From a wide variety of observed patterns, two categories are identified: inversion layer separation (ILS) and descent. Several possible causes for the different shapes of the patterns are discussed. Results show the descent cases occur on relatively warm and moist days with weak turbulence and a weak capping inversion and ILS days occur on cooler and drier days with stronger turbulence and a stronger temperature capping inversion. The time at which the transition begins is also investigated and is found to be variable, sometimes beginning several hours before sunset. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Grimsdell, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0003:OOTATO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504AT UT WOS:000172835200001 ER PT J AU Weissman, DE Plant, WJ Keller, WC Irisov, VG AF Weissman, DE Plant, WJ Keller, WC Irisov, VG TI Comparison of scatterometer and radiometer wind vector measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR CROSS-SECTION; OCEAN SURFACE; MODEL FUNCTION; SEA-SURFACE; WAVES; SPEED; BACKSCATTERING; SIGNATURES; RADIATION; SPECTRUM AB Coincident measurements with a 37-GHz polarimetric radiometer and a 10-GHz scatterometer during the Coastal Ocean Probing Experiment (COPE) in September and October of 1995 offered a unique opportunity to compare their relative sensitivity and performance in observing sea surface winds. The scatterometer cross section so and the radiometer's second and third Stokes parameters, Q and U, were measured. The dependence of the angular signature of the radiometer on friction velocity was investigated by combining the COPE data with data collected in the Labrador Sea in February and March of 1997 at higher wind speeds than were encountered during COPE. The results of these experiments showed that the first harmonics of the radiometer azimuthal response were relatively insensitive to the friction velocity but that their second harmonics increased rapidly in amplitude with increasing friction velocity, with approximately the same sensitivity as a scatterometer cross section. The sensitivity of the radar and radiometer to the wind direction were then compared by computing the ratio of the angular signal to the inherent variability of the measurements for both instruments, their variability ratio. These ratios were comparable for the radar and radiometer and both increased with wind speed. However, the variability ratio of the radiometer decreased with increasing incidence angle while that of the radar increased. The similar magnitudes of the variability ratios of the two instruments are interpreted by the authors to indicate that their azimuthal signatures are caused by the same geophysical process: the angular dependence of short waves on the ocean surface and their tilting by longer waves. Their different dependence on incidence angle ui is explained as a result of the fact that partial derivative sigma (o)/partial derivative theta (i) decreases with increasing incidence angle, while partial derivativeQ/partial derivative theta (i) and partial derivativeU/partial derivative theta (i) increase with incidence angle. C1 Hofstra Univ, Dept Engn, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hofstra Univ, Dept Engn, 104 Weed Hall, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. EM eggdew@hofstra.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0100:COSARW>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XR UT WOS:000172881900009 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JR Gedzelman, SD Gamache, J Black, M AF Lawrence, JR Gedzelman, SD Gamache, J Black, M TI Stable isotope ratios: Hurricane Olivia SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; stable isotopes of rain; storm dynamics ID INNER-CORE; PRECIPITATION; WATER AB The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of rains from Hurricane Olivia (1994) in the eastern Pacific were measured. The rains were collected on 24 and 25 September during airplane flights conducted at an elevation of 3 km. Hurricane Olivia peaked in intensity to a category-4 storm between the two dates. Isotope ratios of rains from Hurricane Olivia were markedly lower (delta(18)O = -13.9parts per thousand to -28.8parts per thousand) than that of rain collected from a thunderstorm at an elevation of 2.3 km outside the influence of Olivia (delta(18)O = -3.8parts per thousand). A distinct decrease in isotope ratios from the first day to the next (delta(18)O = -18.4parts per thousand to -21.9parts per thousand) in Hurricane Olivia was attributed to decreased updraft velocities and outflow aloft. This shifted the isotopic water mass balance so that fewer hydrometeors were lifted and more ice descended to flight level. A decrease in the average deuterium excess from the first day to the next (d = 15.5 to 7.1parts per thousand) was attributed to an increase in the relative humidity of the water vapor `source' area. We hypothesize that the `source' region for the rain was in the boundary layer near the storm center and that because the hurricane was at peak intensity prior to the second day the relative humidity was higher. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lawrence, JR (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Gamache, John/A-9702-2014; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1023/A:1013808530364 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512WG UT WOS:000173346100004 ER PT J AU Archer, DG Kirklin, DR AF Archer, DG Kirklin, DR TI Enthalpies of solution of sodium chloride and potassium sulfate in water. Thermodynamic properties of the potassium sulfate plus water system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL SULFATES; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NACL+H2O SYSTEM; INCREMENT MEASUREMENTS; OSMOTIC-COEFFICIENTS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; K2SO4 AB An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure enthalpies of solution into water of sodium chloride (similar to0.13 mol(.)kg(-1)) at nominal temperatures of 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and of potassium sulfate (similar to0.039 mol(.)kg(-1)) at nominal temperatures of 298.15 K and 303.15 K. The results for sodium chloride were compared to a previous equation of state so as to validate the use of values from that equation of state for calibration of, or checks on the accuracy of, solution calorimeters. Thermodynamic properties from the literature for the potassium sulfate + water system and the present measurements were used to generate equations that represented the thermodynamic properties of this system from the freezing point of the aqueous solution to 500 K. The measured values included in the fitted equations spanned the range of temperature of approximately 271 K to 530 K for K2SO4(aq) and 13 K to 854 K for K2SO4(cr). New equations and/or values for the following properties are given in the present work: (1) thermal properties of K2SO4(cr) from 0 K to near the orthorhombic to hexagonal transition at 857 K, (2) the change in chemical potential for both K2SO4 and H2O in K2SO4(aq) as a function of temperature and molality, valid from 271 K to 500 K, from 0 mol(.)kg(-1) to the saturation molality, and to pressures of 40 MPa, and (3) standard-state properties for the aqueous solution process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 91 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1021/je010118a PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 513AV UT WOS:000173356500009 ER PT J AU Lagalante, AF Abdulagatov, A Bruno, TJ AF Lagalante, AF Abdulagatov, A Bruno, TJ TI Kamlet-Taft thermosolvatochromic parameters of hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluoroether azeotropic mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; SOLVATOCHROMIC COMPARISON METHOD; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PI-STAR SCALE; SOLVENT POLARITIES; OCTANOL; PREDICTION; SOLUBILITY; EQUATION; BASICITY AB The electronic transition maxima of three solvatochromic probes were measured at temperatures between (-13.5 and 70 degreesC) in five liquid hydrofluoroether (HFE) solvents. The electronic transition maxima were used to calculate thermosolvatochromic Kamlet-Taft parameters. The solubilities of naphthalene and benzoic acid were measured in the HFE solvents, and a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was calculated to model the solubility data using the measured Kamlet-Taft thermosolvatochromic parameters. Differences between the Kamlet-Taft values of the pure hydrofluoroethers and azeotropic mixtures of the hydrofluoroethers are discussed, along with the LSER results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838 01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838 01, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1021/je010201y PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 513AV UT WOS:000173356500010 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Reynolds, RW AF Smith, TM Reynolds, RW TI Bias corrections for historical sea surface temperatures based on marine air temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SST DATA; OCEAN AB Because of changes in SST sampling methods in the 1940s and earlier, there are biases in the earlier period SSTs relative to the most recent 50 years. Published results from the Met Office have shown the need for historic bias correction and have developed several correction techniques. An independent bias-correction method is developed here from an analysis using nighttime marine air temperatures and SST observations from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Because this method is independent from methods proposed by the Met Office, the differences indicate uncertainties and similarities indicate where users may have more confidence in the bias correction. The new method gives results that are broadly consistent with the latest Met Office bias estimates. However, this bias estimate has a stronger annual cycle of bias in the Northern Hemisphere in comparison with the Met Office estimate. Both estimates have midlatitude annual cycles, with the greatest bias in the cold season, and both have a small annual cycle in the Tropics. From the 1850s into the early twentieth century both bias estimates increase with time, although this estimate increases slightly less than the Met Office estimate over that period. Near-global average temperatures are not greatly affected by the choice of bias correction. However, the need for a bias correction in some periods may introduce greater uncertainty in the global averages. Differences in the bias corrections suggest that this bias-induced uncertainty in the near-global average may be 0.1 degreesC in the nineteenth century, with less uncertainty in the early twentieth century. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0073:BCFHSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XG UT WOS:000172881000005 ER PT J AU Raper, SCB Gregory, JM Stouffer, RJ AF Raper, SCB Gregory, JM Stouffer, RJ TI The role of climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake on AOGCM transient temperature response SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INCREASING CO2; SEA-LEVEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; DEPENDENCE AB The role of climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake in determining the range of climate model response is investigated in the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2) AOGCM results. The fraction of equilibrium warming that is realized at any one time is less in those models with higher climate sensitivity, leading to a reduction in the temperature response range at the time of CO2 doubling [transient climate response (TCR) range]. The range is reduced by a further 15% because of an apparent relationship between climate sensitivity and the efficiency of ocean heat uptake. Some possible physical causes for this relationship are suggested. C1 Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Raper, SCB (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RI Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016 OI Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644 NR 27 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0124:TROCSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XG UT WOS:000172881000009 ER PT J AU Hakkinen, S Mo, KC AF Hakkinen, S Mo, KC TI The low-frequency variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SST VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; OSCILLATION; MODEL; RAINFALL; PACIFIC AB Upper-ocean temperature variability in the tropical Atlantic is examined from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) as well as from an ocean model simulation forced by COADS anomalies appended to a monthly climatology. The findings are as follows: Only the sea surface temperatures (SST) in the northern Tropics are driven by heat fluxes, while the southern tropical variability arises from wind-driven ocean circulation changes. The subsurface temperatures in the northern and southern Tropics are found to have a strong linkage to buoyancy forcing changes in the northern North Atlantic. Evidence for Kelvin-like boundary wave propagation from the high latitudes is presented from the model simulation. This extratropical influence is associated with wintertime North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) forcing and manifests itself in the northern and southern tropical temperature anomalies of the same sign at depths of 100-200 m as result of a Rossby wave propagation away from the eastern boundary in the wake of the boundary wave passage. The most apparent association of the southern tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) arises with the anomalous cross-equatorial winds that can be related to both NAO and the remote influence from the Pacific equatorial region. These teleconnections are seasonal, so that the NAO impact on the tropical SST is the largest at midwinter but in spring and early summer the Pacific remote influence competes with NAO. However, NAO appears to have a more substantial role than the Pacific influence at low frequencies during the last 50 years. The dynamic origin of SSTA is indirectly confirmed from the SST-heat flux relationship using ocean model experiments that remove either anomalous wind stress forcing or atmospheric forcing anomalies contributing to heat exchange. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hakkinen, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0237:TLFVOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511GQ UT WOS:000173256600001 ER PT J AU Yang, S Lau, KM Kim, KM AF Yang, S Lau, KM Kim, KM TI Variations of the East Asian jet stream and Asian-Pacific-American winter climate anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUMMER MONSOON; NORTH PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; STATIONARY WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION AB In this study, the authors apply the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and other observations to depict the association of the Asian-Pacific-American climate with the East Asian jet stream (EAJS). With an emphasis on boreal winter seasons and on interannual timescales, they analyze the variations of the EAJS and their relationships with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extratropical North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and assess the relative connections of the EAJS and ENSO to the anomalies of atmospheric circulation, surface temperature, and precipitation in the Asian-Pacific-American region. It is found that the EAJS is coupled to a teleconnection pattern spanning the entire Asian-Pacific-American region with the strongest signals over east Asia and the western Pacific. This pattern differs significantly from that associated with ENSO, which influences the earth's climate extensively with a strongest impact on the climate over the central Pacific and east. A strong EAJS is associated with an intensification of the weather and climate systems in Asia and over the Pacific such as deepening of the east Asian trough and the Aleutian low and strengthening of the east Asian winter monsoon. It is linked to colder and drier conditions in east Asia and stronger convection over the tropical Asia-Australia sector. Compared with ENSO, the EAJS seems to link to the climate signals of Asia and the Pacific more strongly. An intensified EAJS is also associated with anomalies of temperature and precipitation in North America due to the related changes in stationary wave patterns. While the EAJS does not strongly link to the tropical central-eastern Pacific SST, it is significantly associated with the extratropical North Pacific SST, more specifically the second most dominant mode of the empirical orthogonal function analysis of the SST. In addition, a strong (weak) EAJS seems to follow a large (small) meridional gradient of the western Pacific SST associated with warming (cooling) in the Tropics-subtropics and cooling (warming) in the extratropics. C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Kim, Kyu-Myong/G-5398-2014; Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 NR 95 TC 255 Z9 335 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 306 EP 325 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0306:VOTEAJ>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511GQ UT WOS:000173256600006 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ AF Wang, CZ TI Atmospheric circulation cells associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EAST-WEST CIRCULATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; BASIC STATE; OCEAN; ENSO; PARADIGM AB Atmospheric circulation cells associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are described and examined using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis field and the NCEP sea surface temperature (SST) from January 1950 to December 1999. The divergent wind and pressure vertical velocity are employed for the identification of atmospheric circulation cells. The warm phase of ENSO shows positive SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and along the east coast of Asia and the west coast of North America, and negative SST anomalies in the off-equatorial western Pacific and in the central North Pacific. Associated with this SST anomaly distribution are variations of atmospheric zonal and meridional circulation cells over the Pacific. The equatorial zonal Walker circulation cell is weakened, consistent with previous schematic diagrams. The anomalous meridional Hadley circulation cell in the eastern Pacific shows the air rising in the Tropics, flowing poleward in the upper troposphere, sinking in the subtropics, and returning back to the Tropics in the lower troposphere. The anomalous Hadley cell in the western Pacific is opposite to that in the eastern Pacific. The divergent wind and vertical velocity also show a midlatitude zonal cell (MZC) over the North Pacific. The mean MZC is characterized by the air rising in the central North Pacific, flowing westward and eastward in the upper troposphere, descending in the east coast of Asia and the west coast of North America, then returning back to the central North Pacific in the lower troposphere. The anomalous MZC during the mature phase of El Nino shows an opposite rotation to the mean MZC, indicating a weakening of the MZC. C1 NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 41 TC 122 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 399 EP 419 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0399:ACCAWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 516PF UT WOS:000173561600005 ER PT J AU Schubert, SD Suarez, MJ Pegion, PJ Kistler, MA Kumar, A AF Schubert, SD Suarez, MJ Pegion, PJ Kistler, MA Kumar, A TI Predictability of zonal means during boreal summer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY; SOIL-MOISTURE; 1988 DROUGHT; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; GCM AB This study examines the predictability of seasonal means during boreal summer. The results are based on ensembles of June-July-August (JJA) simulations (started in mid-May) carried out with the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice for the years 1980-99. It is found that the predictability of the JJA extratropical height field is primarily in the zonal-mean component of the response to the SST anomalies. This contrasts with the cold season (January-February-March) when the predictability of seasonal means in the boreal extratropics is primarily in the wave component of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response. Two patterns dominate the interannual variability of the ensemble mean JJA zonal-mean height field. One has maximum variance in the tropical/subtropical upper troposphere, while the other has substantial variance in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres. Both are symmetric with respect to the equator. A regression analysis shows that the tropical/subtropical pattern is associated with SST anomalies in the far eastern tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean, while the midlatitude pattern is associated with SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific just east of the date line. The two leading zonal height patterns are reproduced in model runs forced with the two leading JJA SST patterns of variability. A comparison with observations shows a signature of the midlatitude pattern that is consistent with the occurrence of dry and wet summers over the United States. It is hypothesized that both patterns, while imposing only weak constraints on extratropical warm season continental-scale climates, may play a role in the predilection for drought or pluvial conditions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Climate Modeling Branch, EMC, NWS,NCEP, Washington, DC USA. Gen Sci Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Schubert, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Lab Atmospheres, Code 910-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 420 EP 434 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0420:POZMDB>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 516PF UT WOS:000173561600006 ER PT J AU Barker, PE Watson, MS Ticehurst, JR Colbert, JC O'Connell, CD AF Barker, PE Watson, MS Ticehurst, JR Colbert, JC O'Connell, CD TI NIST physical standards for DNA-based medical testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DNA; standard; diagnostics ID TECHNOLOGY NAT ASSAYS; PROFILING MEASUREMENTS; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD; POLYMORPHISM; DIAGNOSIS; SIZE AB As DNA and RNA become major targets for clinical laboratory analysis, benchmark reagents will play an increasingly important role in standardization. Reliable national and international nucleic acid standards promote automation and third-party reimbursement for clinical testing. Furthermore, nucleic acid standards provide materials for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), and proficiency testing. Standard methods and training initially evolved from consensus guidelines endorsed by professional societies and governmental agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a nonregulatory agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, develops and certifies physical and chemical standards in support of national commerce, manufacturing, and science. In its role supporting U.S. science and industry, the NIST responds to specific standards needs, most recently for medically and biologically important analytes. Broad-based consensus developed through interdisciplinary NIST workshops initiated development of NIST-certified DNA standards. Such materials serve the diagnostic community and help manufacturers benchmark a variety of DNA diagnostic testing platforms. Here we summarize the NIST experience and programs for development of national standards for DNA-based medical diagnostic testing. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIST, Biomarkers Validat lab, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Amer Coll Med Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, DCLD, ODE,Microbiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Div Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Measurement Serv, NIST, SRM Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barker, PE (reprint author), NIST, Biomarkers Validat lab, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Room B248,Bldg 227,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ticehurst, John/I-7532-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0103-1] NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-8013 J9 J CLIN LAB ANAL JI J. Clin. Lab. Anal. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1002/jcla.2062 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 514TF UT WOS:000173456600002 PM 11835524 ER PT J AU Burch, D Martin, JW Van Landingham, MR AF Burch, D Martin, JW Van Landingham, MR TI Computer analysis of a polymer coating exposed to field weather conditions SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A heat and moisture transfer model was used to study weathering of polymeric materials, such as paint, asphalt, sealants, plastics, textiles, and polymeric composites. Three damage indices, related to temperature changes, humidity changes, and time Of wetness, respectively, were introduced to quantify adverse effects of climate. The variation of these indices was investigated for a hot and humid climate (Miami, FL) and a hot and dry climate (Phoenix, AZ). In addition, the relative effects of solar radiation, surface wetting by rain and dew condensation, and variations in outdoor temperature and relative humidity on the three damage indices were investigated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burch, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8621, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 USA SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 924 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1007/BF02720143 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 513AR UT WOS:000173356200017 ER PT J AU He, JM Chiang, MYM Hunston, DL Han, CC AF He, JM Chiang, MYM Hunston, DL Han, CC TI Application of the v-notch shear test for unidirectional hybrid composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Iosipescu shear test; v-notch specimen; carbon-glass tow; hybrid composites; shear properties; finite element modeling ID IOSIPESCU SPECIMEN AB The v-notch (losipescu) shear test was investigated as a mean for determining the in-plane shear modulus and strength of unidirectional hybrid composites. Two types of hybrid systems having different fiber tow volume fractions composed of carbon and glass fiber tows with epoxy matrix were used for this study. A fiber tow-based finite element analysis was also used to simulate the v-notch shear test for characterizing stress-strain distributions of the specimen. Our experimental and numerical evaluation shows that although the local inhomogeneity inherent in the hybrid composites affects the composite mechanics at a small scale in the v-notch specimen, the test still exhibits a limited region possessing a reasonably pure and uniform stress-strain state between the notches to meet the requirement for a desired shear test. Thus, the study indicates that the v-notch test can be used for the shear testing of the hybrid composites studied when it is correctly used. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP He, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 2653 EP 2666 DI 10.1106/002199802028223 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 628PX UT WOS:000180006100003 ER PT J AU Hackley, VA Patton, J Lum, LSH Wasche, RJ Naito, M Abe, H Hotta, Y Pendse, H AF Hackley, VA Patton, J Lum, LSH Wasche, RJ Naito, M Abe, H Hotta, Y Pendse, H TI Analysis of the isoelectric point in moderately concentrated alumina suspensions using electroacoustic and streaming potential methods SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Particle Characterization CY FEB 23-26, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA ID SILICON-NITRIDE; POWDER AB Alumina suspended in aqueous electrolytic solution was used as a model ceramic suspension to investigate the measurement precision and influencing factors for the determination of the isoelectric point (IEP) in moderately concentrated systems. Techniques used in this study include colloid vibration current (CVI), electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA), and particle charge detection (PCD). A number of important factors were examined, focusing on those related to sample preparation, measurement methodology and instrumentation. A total of 145 acid-base titrations were included in the analysis. Although sample preparation factors influence the magnitude of the measured signal, primarily due to agglomeration effects, these factors do not significantly impact the determination of the IEP for alumina. The primary factor affecting IEP precision and accuracy is the level of sample agitation during titration. Poor mixing gives rise to hysteresis phenomena that introduce large systematic errors. Colloid vibration current, ESA, and PCD produce comparable electrokinetic data over the solids volume fraction range between 1% and 10016, although some systematic differences are apparent. Further refinements in methodology and greater fundamental understanding are necessary to improve measurement agreement between different techniques and to reduce variability in IEP results. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Japan Fine Ceram Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan. Univ Maine, Dept Chem Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 601 EP 617 DI 10.1081/DIS-120015366 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 623BJ UT WOS:000179683000003 ER PT J AU Weng, F AF Weng, F TI Microwave polarimetric signal from hurricane environment SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DISCRETE-ORDINATE METHOD; TRANSFER MODEL; SEA-SURFACE AB This study presents the simulated and observed microwave polarimetric signals associated with atmospheric hydrometeors and ocean surfaces. It is shown that the spherical raindrops in the atmosphere produce a pronounced polarization difference and the magnitude increases as the viewing angle increases. Deformed raindrops (e.g., spheroids) also induce much larger polarization differences if their major axes are oriented horizontally. In hurricane conditions, polarimetric measurements at 10.7 GHz and 37 GHz, especially for the 3(rd) and 4(th) Stokes components, vary within a few degree of Kelvin and provide unique information on surface wind direction although the scattering and emission from atmospheric hydrometeors are much pronounced at 37 GHz. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Weng, F (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 467 EP 480 DI 10.1163/156939302X00381 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 556FM UT WOS:000175838800003 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Zatsepin, GT Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Khairnasov, NG Shikhin, AA Yants, VE Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Nico, JS Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR AF Abdurashitov, JN Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Zatsepin, GT Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Khairnasov, NG Shikhin, AA Yants, VE Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Nico, JS Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR CA SAGE Collaboration TI Solar neutrino flux measurements by the Soviet-American gallium experiment (SAGE) for half the 22-year solar cycle SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVENT RATES; OSCILLATIONS; GALLEX; GNO; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS; METAL; B-8 AB We present measurements of the solar neutrino capture rate on metallic gallium in the Soviet-American gallium experiment (SAGE) over a period of slightly more than half the 22-year solar cycle. A combined analysis of 92 runs over the twelve-year period from January 1990 until December 2001 yields a capture rate of 70.8(-5.2)(+5.3)(stat)(-3.2)(+3.7)(sys) SNU for solar neutrinos with energies above 0.233 MeV. This value is slightly more than half the rate predicted by the standard solar model, 130 SNU. We present the results of new runs since April 1998 and analyze all runs combined by years, months, and bimonthly periods beginning in 1990. A simple analysis of the SAGE results together with the results of other solar neutrino experiments gives an estimate of (4.6 +/- 1.2) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1) for the flux of the electron pp neutrinos that reach the Earth without changing their flavor. The flux of the pp neutrinos produced in thermonuclear reactions in the Sun is estimated to be (7.6 +/- 2.0) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with the value of (5.95 +/- 0.06) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1) predicted by the standard solar model. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abdurashitov, JN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Pr Shestidesyatlietiya Oktyabrya 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 58 TC 264 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1134/1.1506424 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 591DP UT WOS:000177864700001 ER PT J AU Peterson, ME Paranjpye, RN Poysky, FT Pelroy, GA Eklund, MW AF Peterson, ME Paranjpye, RN Poysky, FT Pelroy, GA Eklund, MW TI Control of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum types B and E in crab analogs by combinations of heat pasteurization and water phase salt SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SOUS-VIDE FOODS; REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SPORES; GROWTH; INACTIVATION; INHIBITION; LYSOZYME; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL AB Water phase sodium chloride (ANTS) levels of 1.8 to 3.0% in combination with heat pasteurization for 15 min at temperatures of 75, 80, 85, and WC were evaluated as methods for the inactivation or inhibition of nonproteolytic, psychrotrophic Clostridium botulinum types B and E in crab analogs (imitation crab legs) subsequently stored at 10 and 25degreesC. Samples inoculated with 102 type B or E spores per g prior to pasteurization remained nontoxic for 120 days at 10degreesC and for 15 days at 25degreesC. With 10(4) type E spores per g and 80degreesC pasteurization, greater than or equal to2.4 and 2,7% WPS was required for inhibition at 10 and 25degreesC storage, respectively. Pasteurization at 85degreesC decreased the inhibitory level of WPS to 2.1% at 10degreesC and to 2.4% at 25degreesC. When the inoculum was 10(4) type B spores per g samples with 2.7% WPS were toxic after 80 days of storage at 10degreesC. Samples inoculated with 103 type B spores per g and processed at 85degreesC remained nontoxic for 15 daub at 25degreesC with a WPS of greater than or equal to2.4%. When pasteurization was carried out before inoculation and packaging. 1.8% WPS prevented toxin production by 10(2) and 10(4) type E spores per g for 30 days at 10degreesC. and this time period increased as the WPS concentrations increased. Three percent WPS prevented toxin production by 10(4) type E spores per g in vacuum-packaged analogs stored 110 days at 10degreesC. Pasteurization processes used in these experiments, however, do not inactivate the heat-resistant proteolytic types of Clostridium butulinum. Therefore, the most important factor controlling the growth of this bacterium is continuous refrigeration below 3.0degreesC or frozen storage of the finished product. C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Mel Eklund & Associates Inc, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP Peterson, ME (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900020 PM 11808784 ER PT J AU Atlas, D Ulbrich, CW Marks, FD AF Atlas, D Ulbrich, CW Marks, FD TI Potential for estimating cloud liquid water path over sea ice from airborne passive microwave measurements - Reply SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material DE tropical rain types ID RAINDROP SPECTRA; STRATIFORM; RADAR C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, D (reprint author), 7420 Westlake Terrace, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM datlas@trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov; cwulbr@hubcap.clemson.edu; frank.marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D1-D2 AR 4006 DI 10.1029/2001JD000658 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609EC UT WOS:000178889800016 ER PT J AU Kim, CH Kreidenweis, SM Feingold, G Frost, GJ Trainer, MK AF Kim, CH Kreidenweis, SM Feingold, G Frost, GJ Trainer, MK TI Modeling cloud effects on hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide in the marine atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE oxidants; aqueous chemistry; clouds; tropospheric chemistry ID OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; DISSOCIATING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; LOW PH; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB [1] Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methylhydroperoxide (CH3OOH) are studied with a coupled gas phase and aqueous phase chemical model representing a remote nonprecipitating cloudy boundary layer. Cloud interactions may deplete or enhance H2O2 but have a minor effect on CH3OOH. Therefore two primary questions are addressed: (1) do nonprecipitating clouds perturb the ratio of H2O2/CH3OOH, and if so, (2) what is the rate of reestablishment of this ratio to clear-sky levels following cloud contact. The results show that the rate of recovery of the ratio of H2O2 to CH3OOH after perturbation by cloud interactions depends on NOx (=NO + NO2) mixing ratios and on the time of day that cloud is encountered. When cloud contact is followed by a significant period of daylight, recovery to precloud values is rapid; however, when cloud contact occurs during the late afternoon or night, recovery can take up to 24 hours under high NOx conditions. Sensitivity tests show that in-cloud heterogeneous conversion of HNO3 to aerosol has a small but detectable effect (similar to10%) on the recovery of the ratio. Neglecting dry deposition of H2O2 and HNO3 increases the predicted ratio H2O2/CH3OOH in clear air prior to cloud contact, and has a small effect on the relative recovery rate of the ratio. In-cloud consumption of H2O2 by SO2 suppresses the postcloud ratio by similar to40% relative to that in the base case for low levels of SO2 (similar to200 ppt), with a more pronounced effect on the ratio and its rate of recovery for [SO2] similar to1 ppb. Because of the uncertainties associated with measurement of peroxides, and the dependence of the recovery of the ratio on the time of cloud contact, it is suggested that measurements of the ratio be considered judiciously and that they may not be of broad utility in predicting recent cloud contact. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kreidenweis, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM soniak@aerosol.atmos.colostate.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D1-D2 AR 4018 DI 10.1029/2000JD000285 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609EC UT WOS:000178889800004 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Middlebrook, AM AF Lee, SH Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Middlebrook, AM TI Chemical components of single particles measured with Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) during the Atlanta SuperSite Project: Focus on organic/sulfate, lead, soot, and mineral particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol chemical composition; single particle mass spectrometry; urban continental; Atlanta; troposphere; lead ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ION MEASUREMENTS; BLACK CARBON; IDAHO-HILL; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; TROPOSPHERE AB [1] Using a Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometery (PALMS) instrument, we have measured the chemical components of 0.35-2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter aerosols during the Atlanta SuperSite Project in August 1999. During the whole campaign period, over a half million single-particle mass spectra were obtained, and about 380, 000 spectra were selected for our data analysis. This paper describes the results for organic/sulfate, lead, soot, and mineral dust particles. The most common feature of the Atlanta single particles was the internal mixture of organic compounds and sulfate: 70-99% of the total spectra contained ions characteristic of organic species, and 90-98% contained sulfate ions. These organic/sulfate particles often contained other chemical components such as nitrate, ammonium, halogens, metals, soot/hydrocarbons, and aluminosilicates. Various metals and metal oxides were also observed in Atlanta particles, including Li, B, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, V, Sn, and Pb. In particular, small amounts of lead were observed in nearly half of the mass spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio. Many soot/hydrocarbon particles in Atlanta had water-soluble species such as sulfate, nitrate, and oxidized organic components in addition to metals. Mineral particles were detected as large aluminosilicates that also often contained sulfate and nitrate. More than 50 different elements were observed in single particles in Atlanta, which might be an issue for human health effects. Many aerosol components were not strongly dependent on wind direction, indicating that these aerosols were characteristic of the metropolitan area. The mass spectra observed in Atlanta were further compared with our previous results from Idaho Hill, Colorado (relatively remote continental air). These combined results show that the internal mixture of organic components and sulfate can be a general characteristic of tropospheric aerosols in the continental region. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, 2199 S Univ Blvd, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM shanlee@du.edu; murphyd@al.noaa.gov; dthomson@al.noaa.gov; amiddlebrook@al.noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 51 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D1-D2 AR 4003 DI 10.1029/2000JD000011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609EC UT WOS:000178889800019 ER PT J AU Moise, T Talukdar, RK Frost, GJ Fox, RW Rudich, Y AF Moise, T Talukdar, RK Frost, GJ Fox, RW Rudich, Y TI Reactive uptake of NO3 by liquid and frozen organics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitrate radical; organic aerosols; aerosol processing ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; SULFURIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; HETEROGENEOUS REACTION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; OZONE; SURFACE; POLLUTION; FILMS AB [1] The reactive uptake of the NO3 radical by liquid and frozen organics was studied in a rotating wall flow tube coupled to a Whit e cell. The organic liquids used included alkanes, alkenes, an alcohol, and carboxylic acids with conjugated and nonconjugated unsaturated bonds. The reactive uptake coefficients, gamma, of NO3 on n-hexadecane, 1-octadecene, 1-hexadecene, cis + trans 7-tetradecene, n-octanoic acid, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8 heptamethyl nonane, 1-octanol, cis, trans 9,11 and 10,12 octadecadienoic acid, cis-9, cis-12 octadecadienoic acid were determined. The reactive uptake coefficients measured with the organic liquids varied from 1.4 x 10(-3) to 1.5 x 10(-2). The uptake coefficients of NO3 by n-hexadecane and n-octanoic acid decreased by a factor of similar to5 upon freezing. This behavior is explained by reaction occurring in the bulk of the organic liquid as well as on the surface. For the rest of the compounds the change in values of gamma upon freezing of the liquids was within the experimental uncertainty. This is attributed to predominant uptake of NO3 by the top few molecular surface layers of the organic substrate and continuous replenishment of the surface layer by evaporation and/or mobility of the surface. These conclusions are corroborated by estimation of the diffuso-reactive length and solubility constant of NO3 in these liquids. The reactivity of NO3 with the organic surfaces is shown to correlate well with the known gas-phase chemistry of NO3. The effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the NO3 radical due to its interaction with organic aerosols is studied using an atmospheric box model applying realistic atmospheric scenarios. The inclusion of NO3 uptake on organic aerosol can decrease the NO3 lifetime by 10% or more. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moise, T (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM yinon.rudich@weizmann.ac.il RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 63 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D1-D2 AR 4014 DI 10.1029/2001JD000334 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609EC UT WOS:000178889800008 ER PT J AU Eadie, BJ Schwab, DJ Johengen, TH Lavrentyev, PJ Miller, GS Holland, RE Leshkevich, GA Lansing, MB Morehead, NR Robbins, JA Hawley, N Edgington, DN Van Hoof, PL AF Eadie, BJ Schwab, DJ Johengen, TH Lavrentyev, PJ Miller, GS Holland, RE Leshkevich, GA Lansing, MB Morehead, NR Robbins, JA Hawley, N Edgington, DN Van Hoof, PL TI Particle transport, nutrient cycling, and algal community structure associated with a major winter-spring sediment resuspension event in Southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment resuspension; sediment-water exchange; episodic events; fluxes; diatoms; heterotrophs; Lake Michigan ID GREAT-LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; FISH; DYNAMICS; WATER; FLUCTUATIONS; CHLOROPHYLL; COASTWATCH; PHOSPHATE; PLANKTON AB Over the past decade, intermittent satellite imagery revealed the presence of an extensive plume of resuspended sediments in late winter-early spring with a clear offshore projection coinciding with the region of maximum sediment accumulation in the lake. The large scale of the plume implied that this process was important in sediment, and associated constituent, cycling and transport, but it had never been sampled due to severe conditions. The onset of the 1996 event coincided with a major March storm. Within a few days the plume was approximately 10 km wide and over 300 km in length, implying that the source of the reflective materials was widely distributed. An estimate of the total mass of resuspended sediment, 12 days after the storm, was similar to the annual external load of (sand-free) particulate material to the southern basin. The high turbidity plume persisted for over a month, progressing northward along the eastern shore with a major offshore transport feature. Sediment traps within this feature recorded a major mass flux event. The plume was sampled on two occasions and was found to contain 5 to 10 times as much suspended matter as open-lake locations outside the visible plume. Total particulate phosphorus was high within the plume making this episodic process important in sediment-water exchange. The diatom community structure within the plume was significantly different from outside the plume and was characteristic of more eutrophic waters. Abundance of non-diatom phytoplankton and microbial food web organisms were highest at the plume edge. The episodic nature of this process makes it difficult to sample, but the scale makes it important in designing monitoring programs and mass-balance modeling efforts. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Great Lakes Studies, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP Eadie, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Brian.Eadie@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Morehead, Nancy/0000-0003-3859-3035 NR 54 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 324 EP 337 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700003 ER PT J AU Bogdan, JJ Budd, JW Eadie, BJ Hornbuckle, KC AF Bogdan, JJ Budd, JW Eadie, BJ Hornbuckle, KC TI The effect of a large resuspension event in Southern Lake Michigan on the short-term cycling of organic contaminants SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE resuspension; PCBs; PAHs; organic contaminants; gas-phase exchange; Lake Michigan ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-WATER EXCHANGE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SETTLING PARTICLES; HUDSON-RIVER; MASS-BALANCE; GREEN BAY; PCBS; SEDIMENTS AB In January and March, 1998, a series of intense, northerly wind-driven storms suspended sediment over the entire coastline of the southern basin of Lake Michigan. The effect of large scale resuspension on organic contaminant cycling was investigated using a two-pronged sample collection strategy that included analysis of settling sediment trap material and discrete air and water samples collected before and after a major resuspension event. It was found that major resuspension events result in a large flux of contaminants. For example, 6.2 ng/cm(2) SigmaPCB (sum of 89 congener peaks) and 175 ng/cm(2) SigmaPAHs (sum of 31 compounds) fell through the water column in the southern basin between November and May but almost half of that occurred in the month of March after a series of intense storms induced a large-scale resuspension event in that month. Assuming the concentration of contaminants in settling sediments is similar throughout the basin, the March event brought similar to400 kg of SigmaPCBs and similar to13,000 kg SigmaPAHs into the water column. Furthermore, the data indicate that concentrations of dissolved phase SigmaPCB and SigmaPAHs declined significantly (alpha = 0.05) after the event and after resuspended sediment had settled from the surface waters. As a result of the depressed dissolved concentrations at the surface, the potential for gas-phase input to the lake increases on the southwestern coastal region near Chicago, IL and Gary, IN. The potential input of gas-phase contaminants was 8 kg for SigmaPCBs and 2,200 kg for SigmaPAHs over the 40-day lifetime of the near-shore event. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Orchard Pk, NY 14127 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hornbuckle, KC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008 OI Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 338 EP 351 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700004 ER PT J AU Quinn, FH AF Quinn, FH TI Secular changes in Great Lakes water level seasonal cycles SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; water levels; seasonal cycles; lake regulation ID ST-CLAIR RIVER AB The three primary scales of Great Lakes water level fluctuations are interannual, seasonal, and episodic. Of these three, the seasonal water level fluctuations have received relatively little attention. The Great Lakes water levels have a well defined seasonal cycle driven primarily by snowmelt in the spring and summer and lake evaporation in the fall and winter. The present average seasonal cycle ranges from 26 cm on Lake Superior to 38 cm on Lake Ontario. Great Lakes monthly water levels from 1860 to 2000 were used to assess changes in the seasonal cycle of each of the Great Lakes and Lake St. Clair over the past 140 years. Changes are found on all of the lakes during the period of record. They usually resulted in a decrease in seasonal range and a time shift in the months of seasonal maximum and minimum. The effects of lake regulation were found to be negligible in the case of Lake Superior and significant for Lake Ontario. The major changes on Lakes St. Clair and Erie are likely a result of changes in the connecting channels ice retardation rather than changes in seasonal hydrometeorology. Seasonal cycle regimes are delineated for each of the lakes and possible rationale for the changes discussed. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Quinn, FH (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 451 EP 465 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700012 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL AF Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL TI Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; water resources; lake levels; ice cover; model ID GREENHOUSE-GAS; CHANGE SIMULATION; MODEL AB The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Orchard Pk, NY 14127 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 37 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 39 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 554 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635QV UT WOS:000180411100005 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ Elliott, WP Seidel, DJ AF Ross, RJ Elliott, WP Seidel, DJ CA Participating AMIP-II Modeling Grp TI Lower-tropospheric humidity-temperature relationships in radiosonde observations and atmospheric general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Annual and seasonal correlations between temperature and both specific and relative humidity are presented based on radiosonde station data over the tropical Pacific Ocean and North America. Results are presented for the surface and the 850-, 700-, and 500-hPa levels. The correlations between anomalies of temperature and relative humidity are generally negative, and those between temperature and specific humidity are generally positive. Longitudinal differences in the pattern of correlations are found both in low latitudes and over midlatitude North America. In particular, near-zero or negative temperature-specific humidity correlations are found in the western United States at and below 700 hPa (especially in summer) and over the western tropical Pacific at 700 and 500 hPa (especially in winter). The observed correlation patterns are compared with those of 12 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations. Simulated high-latitude correlation patterns qualitatively agree with observations, but a sizable fraction of the correlations are higher than observed. The models show varying degrees of success in simulating the longitudinal differences in the temperature-specific humidity relationship in midlatitudes. At low latitudes, the models are generally unsuccessful at simulating the observed longitudinal differences. The simulated mean humidity fields are also compared with observations. The models show 10%-20% higher relative humidity than is observed at mid- and high latitudes and over the Tropics. However, over the Pacific region, the relative humidity bias is of opposite sign (models drier than observed) and is confined to the 850- hPa level. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab RARL, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0026:LTHTRI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CB UT WOS:000173418100003 ER PT J AU Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF Lesarri, A Kawashima, Y Jensen, JO Samuels, AC AF Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF Lesarri, A Kawashima, Y Jensen, JO Samuels, AC TI Fourier transform microwave spectrum and ab initio study of dimethyl methylphosphonate SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER AB The rotational spectrum of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) has been studied using a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The spectrum is complicated by the internal rotation motions of the three methyl tops in the molecule as well as an interconversion motion of the two methoxy groups. Here, we present the microwave spectrum, the ab initio calculations, and the assignment of the rigid-rotor A-symmetry state of the molecule. The rotational constants for this state are A = 2828.753(2) MHz, B = 1972.360(3) MHz, and C = 1614.267(2) MHz. In the following paper, a group theoretical analysis is developed for DMMP. The observed conformation of the molecule has no point-group symmetry and all three electric-dipole selection rules are active, with c-type transitions being the most intense. Ab initio calculations were carried out at both the Hartree-Fock 6-31G* and MP2/6-311G* levels of theory. These calculations indicate that two low-energy conformations are possible separated by energies of less than 170 cm(-1). Furthermore, the calculated lowest energy conformer is in agreement with the one observed experimentally. The relative energies of the two low-energy conformers rise from 34 cm(-1) at the HF level to 170 cm(-1) at the MP2 level. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Valladolid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Fis, Valladolid, Spain. Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan. Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Pass Standoff Detect Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Suenram, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Lesarri, Alberto/P-6708-2014 OI Lesarri, Alberto/0000-0002-0646-6341 NR 13 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 211 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2001.8486 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 541YM UT WOS:000175014600013 ER PT J AU Ohashi, N Hougen, JT AF Ohashi, N Hougen, JT TI Application of permutation-inversion group theory to the interpretation of the microwave absorption spectrum of dimethyl methylphosphonate SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL DIMER; TUNNELING SPLITTINGS; WATER DIMER; A-TYPE; 1 STATES; K=0; TRANSITIONS; MOLECULES AB The G(36) permutation-inversion group theoretical tunneling-rotational formalism originally developed for the methanol dimer has been modified (for the subgroup G(18)) and extended (to the larger group G(54)) for application to dimethyl methylphosphonate, CH3-P(=O)-(OCH3)(2), which has three large-amplitude methyl top internal rotation motions and one large-amplitude, methoxy interchange motion. Energy levels of this chiral molecule are conveniently labeled by symmetry species corresponding to a mixed set of irreducible and reducible representations of G(18) denoted by A(1), A(2), E, E-1sep, E-2sep, and G(sep). The separably degenerate species (with subscript sep) consist of pairs of irreducible representations of G(18) whose energies are degenerate for Hamiltonians invariant to time reversal. All characters of these separably degenerate representations are real. Comparison of the group-theoretically derived splitting patterns with Fourier transform microwave and ab initio results from the preceding paper permit drawing a semiquantitative energy level diagram showing how a given K-a = 0 level splits into A(1) circle plus A(2) circle plus 2E circle plus E-1sep circle plus E-2sep circle plus 2G(sep) components when the large-amplitude motions are turned on in the following order: (i) low-barrier methyl top internal rotation, (ii) medium-barrier methyl top internal rotation, (iii) top-top interaction, and (iv) methoxy interchange motion. (Internal rotation of the high-barrier methyl top is ignored.) Spectral splitting patterns observed for K-a = 1-1 transitions are also quite regular, being either the same as, or mirror images of, the K-a = 0-0 patterns. Theoretical work on K-a > 0 splitting patterns is in progress. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Kanazawa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohashi, N (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 211 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2001.8488 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 541YM UT WOS:000175014600014 ER PT J AU Regan, TM Harris, DC Blodgett, DW Baldwin, KC Miragliotta, JA Thomas, ME Linevsky, MJ Giles, JW Kennedy, TA Fatemi, M Black, DR Lagerlof, KPD AF Regan, TM Harris, DC Blodgett, DW Baldwin, KC Miragliotta, JA Thomas, ME Linevsky, MJ Giles, JW Kennedy, TA Fatemi, M Black, DR Lagerlof, KPD TI Neutron irradiation of sapphire for compressive strengthening. II. Physical properties changes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AL2O3; TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE AB Irradiation of sapphire with fast neutrons (0.8-10 MeV) at a fluence Of 10(22)/m(2) increased the e-axis compressive strength and the c-plane biaxial flexure strength at 600 degreesC by a factor of similar to2.5. Both effects are attributed to inhibition of r-plane twin propagation by damage clusters resulting from neutron impact. The a-plane biaxial flexure strength and four-point flexure strength in the c- and m-directions decreased by 10-23% at 600 degreesC after neutron irradiation. Neutron irradiation had little or no effect on thermal conductivity, infrared absorption, elastic constants, hardness, and fracture toughness. A featureless electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g = 2.02 was correlated with the strength increase: This signal grew in amplitude with increasing neutron irradiation, which also increased the compressive strength. Annealing conditions that reversed the strengthening also annihilated the g = 2.02 signal. A signal associated with a paramagnetic center containing two Al nuclei was not correlated with strength. Ultraviolet and visible color centers also were not correlated with strength in that they could be removed by annealing at temperatures that were too low to reverse the compressive strengthening effect of neutron irradiation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Radiat Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Regan, TM (reprint author), Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 300 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00708-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509TQ UT WOS:000173166100006 ER PT J AU Gentner, BJ Tanaka, JA AF Gentner, BJ Tanaka, JA TI Classifying federal public land grazing permittees SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing fee; grazing reductions; grazing season; public land policy AB This study identifies the characteristics and attitudes of public land ranchers. Data from a random survey of 2,000 U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management grazing permittees (53.5% response rate) were cluster analyzed and 8 distinct groups of ranchers were identified. Each cluster differed with respect to why they were in ranching and how they would respond to public land policy changes related to grazing fees, grazing reductions, and changes in grazing season. Profit motivation for being in ranching was found to be a relatively low objective for all 8 types of ranchers. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv F ST 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gentner, BJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv F ST 1, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.2307/4003256 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200001 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Guttman, CM AF Wallace, WE Guttman, CM TI Data analysis methods for synthetic polymer mass spectrometry: Autocorrelation SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; correlation function; data analysis methods; informatics; mass spectrometry; polymer; time series ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; SILSESQUIOXANES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRA AB Autocorrelation is shown to be useful in describing the periodic patterns found in high-resolution mass spectra of synthetic polymers. Examples of this usefulness are described for a simple linear homopolymer to demonstrate the method fundamentals, a condensation polymer to demonstrate its utility in understanding complex spectra with multiple repeating patterns on different mass scales, and a condensation copolymer to demonstrate how it can elegantly and efficiently reveal unexpected phenomena. It is shown that using autocorrelation to determine where the signal devolves into noise can be useful in determining molecular mass distributions of synthetic polymers, a primary focus of the NIST synthetic polymer mass spectrometry effort. The appendices describe some of the effects of transformation from time to mass space when time-of-flight mass separation is used, as well as the effects of non-trivial baselines on the autocorrelation function. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.wallace@nist.gov; charles.guttman@nist.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.6028/jres.107.005 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400002 PM 27446716 ER PT J AU Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Early, E Thompson, A DeLuisi, J Berndt, J Harrison, L Kiedron, P Ehramjian, J Bernhard, G Cabasug, L Robertson, J Mou, WF Taylor, T Slusser, J Bigelow, D Durham, B Janson, G Hayes, D Beaubien, M Beaubien, A AF Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Early, E Thompson, A DeLuisi, J Berndt, J Harrison, L Kiedron, P Ehramjian, J Bernhard, G Cabasug, L Robertson, J Mou, WF Taylor, T Slusser, J Bigelow, D Durham, B Janson, G Hayes, D Beaubien, M Beaubien, A TI The 1997 North American Interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometers Including Narrowband Filter Radiometers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; intercomparison; solar ultraviolet; spectroradiometers ID MERCURY PENCIL LAMPS; MONITORING SPECTRORADIOMETERS; IRRADIANCE STANDARDS; BAND RADIOMETERS; SPECTRAL-LINES; SURF AB The fourth North American Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectro-radiometers was held September 15 to 25, 1997 at Table Mountain outside of Boulder, Colorado, USA. Concern over stratospheric ozone depletion has prompted several government agencies in North America to establish networks of spectroradiometers for monitoring solar ultraviolet irradiance at the surface of the Earth. The main purpose of the Intercomparison was to assess the ability of spectroradiometers to accurately measure solar ultraviolet irradiance, and to compare the results between instruments of different monitoring networks. This Intercomparison was coordinated by NIST and NOAA, and included participants from the ASRC, EPA, NIST, NSF, SERC, USDA, and YES. The UV measuring instruments included scanning spectroradiometers, spectrographs, narrow band multi-filter radiometers, and broadband radiometers. Instruments were characterized for wavelength accuracy, bandwidth, stray-light rejection, and spectral irradiance responsivity. The spectral irradiance responsivity was determined two to three times outdoors to assess temporal stability. Synchronized spectral scans of the solar irradiance were performed over several days. Using the spectral irradiance responsivities determined with the NIST traceable standard lamp, and a simple convolution technique with a Gaussian slit-scattering function to account for the different bandwidths of the instruments, the measured solar irradiance from the spectroradiometers excluding the filter radiometers at 16.5 h UTC had a relative standard deviation of +/-4% for wavelengths greater than 305 nm. The relative standard deviation for the solar irradiance at 16.5 h UTC including the filter radiometer was +/-4% for filter functions above 300 nm. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Georgia, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Yankee Environm Syst, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Lantz, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM edward.early@nist.gov; ambler.thompson@nist.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 19 EP 62 DI 10.6028/jres.107.006 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400003 PM 27446717 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Kim, YK Ali, MA AF Irikura, KK Kim, YK Ali, MA TI Electron-impact total ionization cross sections of hydrocarbon ions SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CH2+; CH3+; CH4+; C2H2+; C2H4+; C2H6+; H3O+; electron-impact ionization; molecular ions ID MODEL AB The Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) model for electron-impact total ionization cross sections has been applied to CH2+,CH3+, CH4+, C2H2+, C2H4+, C2H6+, and H3O+. The cross sections for the hydrocarbon ions are needed for modeling cool plasmas in fusion devices. No experimental data are available for direct comparison. Molecular constants to generate total ionization cross sections at arbitrary incident electron energies using the BEB formula are presented. A recent experimental result on the ionization of H3O+ is found to be almost 1/20 of the present theory at the cross section peak. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov; yong-ki.kim@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.6028/jres.107.007 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400004 PM 27446718 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS Filliben, JJ AF Bennett, HS Filliben, JJ TI A systematic approach for multidimensional, closed-form analytic modeling: Effective intrinsic carrier concentrations in Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical expression; effective intrinsic carrier concentrations; gallium aluminum arsenide; heterostructures ID GALLIUM ALUMINUM ARSENIDE; MINORITY ELECTRON; MOBILITIES AB A critical issue identified in both the technology roadmap from the Optoelectronics Industry Development Association and the roadmaps from the National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative, Inc. is the need for predictive computer simulations of processes, devices, and circuits. The goal of this paper is to respond to this need by representing the extensive amounts of theoretical data for transport properties in the multi-dimensional space of mole fractions of AlAs in Ga1-xAlxAs, dopant densities, and carrier densities in terms of closed form analytic expressions. Representing such data in terms of closed-form analytic expressions is a significant challenge that arises in developing computationally efficient simulations of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present a methodology to achieve the above goal for a class of numerical data in the bounded two-dimensional space of mole fraction of AlAs and dopant density. We then apply this methodology to obtain closed-form analytic expressions for the effective intrinsic carrier concentrations at 300 K in n-type and p-type Ga1-xAlxAs as functions of the mole fraction x of AlAs between 0.0 and 0.3. In these calculations, the donor density N-D for n-type material varies between 10(16) cm(-3) and 10(19) cm(-3) and the acceptor density N-A for p-type materials varies between 10(16) cm(-3) and 10(20) cm(-3).We find that p-type Ga1-xAlxAs presents much greater challenges for obtaining acceptable analytic fits whenever acceptor densities are sufficiently near the Mott transition because of increased scatter in the numerical computer results for solutions to the theoretical equations. The Mott transition region in p-type Ga1-xAlxAs is of technological significance for mobile wireless communications systems. This methodology and its associated principles, strategies, regression analyses, and graphics are expected to be applicable to other problems beyond the specific case of effective intrinsic carrier concentrations such as interpreting scanning capacitance microscopy data to obtain two-dimensional doping profiles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM herbert.bennett@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.goV NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.6028/jres.107.008 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400005 PM 27446719 ER PT J AU Schwartz, A Wang, L Early, E Gaigalas, A Zhang, YZ Marti, GE Vogt, RF AF Schwartz, A Wang, L Early, E Gaigalas, A Zhang, YZ Marti, GE Vogt, RF TI Quantitating fluorescence intensity from fluorophore: The definition of MESF assignment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometer; fluorescein; fluorescence; MESF; microbeads; quantitation; SRM 1932 AB The quantitation of fluorescence radiance may at first suggest the need to obtain the number of fluorophore that are responsible for the measured fluorescence radiance. This goal is beset by many difficulties since the fluorescence radiance depends on three parameters 1) the probability of absorbing a photon (molar extinction), 2) the number of fluorophores, and 3) the probability of radiative decay of the excited state (quantum yield). If we use the same fluorophore in the reference solution and the analyte then, to a good approximation, the molar extinction drops out from the comparison of fluorescence radiance and we are left with the comparison of fluorescence yield which is defined as the product of fluorophore concentration and the molecular quantum yield. The equality of fluorescence yields from two solutions leads to the notion of equivalent number of fluorophores in the two solutions that is the basis for assignment of MESF (Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorophore) values. We discuss how MESF values are assigned to labeled microbeads and by extension to labeled antibodies, and how these assignments can lead to the estimate of the number of bound antibodies in flow cytometer measurements. C1 Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mol Probes Inc, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schwartz, A (reprint author), Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, POB 194344, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; edward.early@nist.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 11 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.6028/jres.107.009 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400006 PM 27446720 ER PT J AU Lee, KH Slattery, O Lu, R Tang, X McCrary, V AF Lee, KH Slattery, O Lu, R Tang, X McCrary, V TI The state of the art and practice in digital preservation SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digital preservation; emulation; encapsulation; migration; standardization; XML ID DOCUMENTS; MEDIA AB The goal of digital preservation is to ensure long-term access to digitally stored information. In this paper, we present a survey of techniques used in digital preservation. We also introduce representative digital preservation projects and case studies that provide insight into the advantages and disadvantages of different preservation strategies. Finally, the pros and cons of current strategies, critical issues for digital preservation, and future directions are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kyong-ho.lee@nist.gov; oliver.slattery@nist.gov; richang.lu@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov; victor.mccrary@nist.gov NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.6028/jres.107.010 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400007 PM 27446721 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Moretti, JD Readey, MJ Lawn, BR AF Lee, SK Moretti, JD Readey, MJ Lawn, BR TI Thermal shock resistance of silicon nitrides using an indentation-quench test SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHARP CONTACT CRACKING; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; DAMAGE; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANICS; FLAWS AB Thermal shock resistance of silicon nitrides is investigated using an indentation-quench method. Four commercially available silicon nitrides with different microstructures are investigated. The extension of Vickers radial cracks is measured as a function of quenching temperature for each material, up to the critical temperature for failure. An indentation fracture mechanics analysis is used to account for the crack responses, with due allowance for R-curve behavior. The analysis confirms the important role of microstructure in thermal shock resistance. C1 Caterpillar Inc, Adv Mat Technol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), LTD Ceram Inc, Newark, CA 94560 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800056 ER PT J AU Straub, KH Kiladis, GN AF Straub, KH Kiladis, GN TI Observations of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific ITCZ SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY DOMAIN; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WAVES; EQUATORIAL WAVES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE; SCALE DISTURBANCES; TOGA COARE; CIRCULATIONS; ASSOCIATION AB A case study of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is presented, as observed during the 1997 Pan American Climate Studies (PACS) Tropical Eastern Pacific Process Study (TEPPS). The large-scale convective envelope associated with this disturbance, with a zonal scale of approximately 1000-2000 km, propagates eastward at 15 m s(-1) along the mean convective axis of the ITCZ. This envelope consists of many smaller-scale, westward-moving convective elements, with zonal scales on the order of 100-500 km. As the convectively coupled Kelvin wave disturbance propagates eastward, it exerts a strong control on local convection. Radar and vertical profiler data collected aboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown during the wave passage show that convection deepens rapidly as the Kelvin wave approaches from the west, progressing from isolated, shallow cumuli to organized deep convective features within just 12 h. Initially, rainfall in the vicinity of the ship consists of a significant deep convective fraction, but as the large-scale envelope departs to the east, stratiform precipitation becomes dominant. Radiosonde data collected during the Kelvin wave passage reveal dynamical perturbations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere that are consistent with linear equatorial Kelvin wave theory. The TEPPS radiosonde data also compare remarkably well with the vertical structure of a typical eastern Pacific Kelvin wave disturbance in the ECMWF reanalysis dataset, based on a 15-yr linear regression analysis. When this analysis is expanded to include all global grid points, it is shown that Kelvin waves in the eastern Pacific ITCZ have a dynamical structure that is nearly symmetric with respect to the equator, as would be expected based on linear Kelvin wave theory. However, the convective signal associated with these symmetric dynamical perturbations is itself primarily asymmetric with respect to the equator. The deepest convection is located significantly to the north of the equator, in the region of warmest sea surface temperatures. These observations present a somewhat different perspective on the dynamics of convectively coupled Kelvin waves, in that the symmetric dynamical fields and asymmetric convection interact to sustain the simultaneous eastward propagation of both fields. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL 3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kstraub@al.noaa.gov NR 39 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 30 EP 53 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0030:OOACCK>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500ZF UT WOS:000172658000002 ER PT J AU Pauluis, O Held, IM AF Pauluis, O Held, IM TI Entropy budget of an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium. Part I: Maximum work and frictional dissipation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOIST CONVECTION; RESOLVING MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUD-ENSEMBLE; SIMULATIONS AB The entropy budget of an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium is analyzed here. The differential heating of the atmosphere, resulting from surface heat fluxes and tropospheric radiative cooling, corresponds to a net entropy sink. In statistical equilibrium, this entropy sink is balanced by the entropy production due to various irreversible processes such as frictional dissipation, diffusion of heat, diffusion of water vapor, and irreversible phase changes. Determining the relative contribution of each individual irreversible process to the entropy budget can provide important information on the behavior of convection. The entropy budget of numerical simulations with a cloud ensemble model is discussed. In these simulations, it is found that the dominant irreversible entropy source is associated with irreversible phase changes and diffusion of water vapor. In addition, a large fraction of the frictional dissipation results from falling precipitation, and turbulent dissipation accounts for only a small fraction of the entropy production. This behavior is directly related to the fact that the convective heat transport is mostly due to the latent heat transport. In such cases, moist convection acts more as an atmospheric dehumidifier than as a heat engine. The amount of work available to accelerate convective updrafts and downdrafts is much smaller than predicted by studies that assume that moist convection behaves mostly as a perfect heat engine. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pauluis, O (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Rm 54-1726,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 31 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0125:EBOAAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XW UT WOS:000172882300001 ER PT J AU Pauluis, O Held, IM AF Pauluis, O Held, IM TI Entropy budget of an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium. Part II: Latent heat transport and moist processes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB In moist convection, atmospheric motions transport water vapor from the earth's surface to the regions where condensation occurs. This transport is associated with three other aspects of convection: the latent heat transport, the expansion work performed by water vapor, and the irreversible entropy production due to diffusion of water vapor and phase changes. An analysis of the thermodynamic transformations of atmospheric water yields what is referred to as the entropy budget of the water substance, providing a quantitative relationship between these three aspects of moist convection. The water vapor transport can be viewed as an imperfect heat engine that produces less mechanical work than the corresponding Carnot cycle because of diffusion of water vapor and irreversible phase changes. The entropy budget of the water substance provides an alternative method of determining the irreversible entropy production due to phase changes and diffusion of water vapor. This method has the advantage that it does not require explicit knowledge of the relative humidity or of the molecular flux of water vapor for the estimation of the entropy production. Scaling arguments show that the expansion work of water vapor accounts for a small fraction of the work that would be produced in the absence of irreversible moist processes. It is also shown that diffusion of water vapor and irreversible phase changes can be interpreted as the irreversible counterpart to the continuous dehumidification resulting from condensation and precipitation. This leads to a description of moist convection where it acts more as an atmospheric dehumidifier than as a heat engine. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pauluis, O (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Rm 54-1726,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 6 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0140:EBOAAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XW UT WOS:000172882300002 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Stowe, LL AF Knapp, KR Stowe, LL TI Evaluating the potential for retrieving aerosol optical depth over land from AVHRR pathfinder atmosphere data SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; NOAA AVHRR; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; CHANNELS; ALBEDO AB In spite of numerous studies on the remote sensing of aerosols from satellites, the magnitude of aerosol climate forcing remains uncertain. However, data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder-Atmosphere (PATMOS) dataset-a statistical reduction of more than 19 yr of AVHRR data (1981-2000)- could provide nearly 20 yr of aerosol history. PATMOS data have a daily 110 x 110 km(2) equal-area grid that contains means and standard deviations of AVHRR observations within each grid cell. This research is a first step toward understanding aerosols over land with PATMOS data. Herein, the aerosol optical depth is retrieved over land at numerous Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites around the globe using PATMOS cloud-free reflectances. First, the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is retrieved using a lookup table created with a radiative transfer model and the Rahman BRDF. Aerosol optical depths are then retrieved using the retrieved BRDF parameters and the PATMOS reflectances assuming a globally constant aerosol model. This method is applied to locations with ground truth measurements, where comparisons show that the best retrievals are made by estimating the surface reflectance using observations grouped by month. Random errors (i.e., correlation coefficients and standard error of estimate) in this case are lower than those where the surface BRDF is allowed year-to-year variations. By grouping the comparison results by land cover type, it was found that less noise is expected over forested regions, with a significant potential for retrieval for 80% of all land surfaces. These results and analyses suggest that the PATMOS data can provide valuable information on aerosols over land. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, CIRA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, CIRA, Room 711,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0279:ETPFRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300004 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Stowe, LL Smirnov, A Crosby, D Sapper, J McClain, CR AF Zhao, TXP Stowe, LL Smirnov, A Crosby, D Sapper, J McClain, CR TI Development of a global validation package for satellite oceanic aerosol optical thickness retrieval based on AERONET observations and its application to NOAA/NESDIS operational aerosol retrievals SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL AVHRR CHANNELS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL RADIANCES; CONSISTENCY CHECKS; QUALITY-CONTROL; ALGORITHM; SUN; INFORMATION; SENSITIVITY; NETWORK AB In this paper, a global validation package for satellite aerosol optical thickness retrieval using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations as ground truth is described. To standardize the validation procedure, the optimum time-space match-up window, the ensemble statistical analysis method, the best selection of AERONET channels, and the numerical scheme used to interpolate/extrapolate these observations to satellite channels have been identified through sensitivity studies. The package is shown to be a unique tool for more objective validation and intercomparison of satellite aerosol retrievals, helping to satisfy an increasingly important requirement of the satellite aerosol remote sensing community. Results of applying the package to the second-generation operational aerosol observational data (AEROBS) from the NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in 1998 and to the same year aerosol observation data [Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System-Single Scanner Foodprint version 4 (CERES-SSF4)] from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) are presented as examples of global validation. The usefulness of the package for identifying improvements to the aerosol optical thickness tau retrieval algorithm is also demonstrated. The principal causes of systematic errors in the current National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval algorithm have been identified and can be reduced significantly, if the correction and adjustment suggested from the global validation are adopted. Random error in the tau retrieval is identified to be a major source of error on deriving the effective Angstromngstrom wavelength exponent alpha and may be associated with regional differences in aerosol particles, which are not accounted for in the current second-generation operational algorithm. Adjustments to the nonaerosol and aerosol radiative transfer model parameters that reduce systematic errors in tau retrievals are suggested for consideration in the next-generation algorithm. Basic features that should be included in the next-generation algorithm to reduce random error in tau retrievals and the resulting error in the effective Angstromngstrom wavelength exponent have also been discussed. Compared to the AERONET observation, the NOAA-14 AVHRR (AEROBS) tau values for mean conditions are biased high by 0.05 and 0.08, with random errors of 0.08 and 0.05, at 0.63 and 0.83 mum, respectively. Correspondingly, the TRMM VIRS (CERES-SSF4) values for mean conditions are biased high by 0.06 and 0.02, with random errors of 0.06 and 0.04 at 0.63 and 1.61 mum, respectively. After corrections and adjustments to the retrieval algorithm, the biases in both channels of AVHRR and VIRS are reduced significantly to values close to zero, although random error is almost unchanged. The alpha exponent derived directly from the aerosol optical thicknesses (taus) has been shown to be poorly correlated both before and after adjustments, indicating that random error in the tau measurement (possibly related to aerosol model parameter variations or cloud-surface reflectance contamination) needs to be reduced. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, E RAI,RM 711 C,WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, Suitland, MD USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, E RAI,RM 711 C,WWBG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xuepeng.zhao@noaa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009 OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 294 EP 312 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0294:DOAGVP>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300005 ER PT J AU Ignatov, A Stowe, L AF Ignatov, A Stowe, L TI Aerosol retrievals from individual AVHRR channels. Part I: Retrieval algorithm and transition from Dave to 6S radiative transfer model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; OPTICAL DEPTH; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; NOAA-AVHRR; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CONSISTENCY CHECKS; OCEAN COLOR; WIND-SPEED; SATELLITE; VALIDATION AB The present second-generation aerosol retrieval algorithm over oceans used at NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) separately retrieves two values of aerosol optical depth, tau(1) and tau(2), from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 and 2 centered at lambda(1) = 0.63 (operational) and lambda(2) = 0.83 mum (experimental), respectively. From these, an effective Angstromngstrom exponent alpha, related to particle size, can be derived as alpha = -ln(tau(1)/tau(2))/ln(lambda(1)/lambda(2)). The single-channel lookup tables, relating reflectance to optical depth in the retrievals, have been precalculated with the Dave (1973) scalar radiative transfer (RT) model. This first part of a two-part paper describes the retrieval algorithm, with emphasis on its RT modeling related elements, and documents the transition to the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S; 1997) RT model. The new 6S RT model has the capability to account for reflection from wind-roughened sea surface, offers a wide choice of flexible aerosol and gaseous absorption models, and allows easy convolution with the sensor's spectral response. The value of these new features for aerosol remote sensing from AVHRR is discussed in detail. The transition effect is quantified by directly applying the Dave- and 6S-based algorithms to four large datasets of NOAA-14 AVHRR measurements, collected between February 1998 and May 1999 over the latitudinal belt of 5degrees-25degreesS. Statistics of the differences (deltatau = tau(Dave) - tau(6S) and deltaalpha = tau(Dave) - alpha(6S)) are as follows: averages - [deltatau(1)] < 1 x 10(-3), [delta tau(2)] approximate to -4 x 10(-3), and [delta alpha] approximate to +8 x 10(-2); and standard deviations are sigma tau(1) similar to 6 x 10(-3), sigma tau(2) similar to 4 x 10(-3), and sigma alpha approximate to 9 x 10(-2). These are found to be well within a few percent of typical values of tau and alpha and their respective ranges of variability, thus ensuring a smooth transition and continuity in the operational aerosol retrieval. On the other hand, the 6S model provides a much more flexible RT modeling tool compared to the previously used Dave code. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. EM alex.ignatov@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 59 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 313 EP 334 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0313:ARFIAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300006 ER PT J AU Ignatov, A Stowe, L AF Ignatov, A Stowe, L TI Aerosol retrievals from individual AVHRR channels. Part II: Quality control, probability distribution functions, information content, and consistency checks of retrievals SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; LOGNORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; OCEAN COLOR; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; THICKNESS; MULTIYEAR; AERONET; MODEL AB This second part of a two-part study evaluates retrievals of aerosol optical depths, tau(1) and tau(2), in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 and 2 centered at lambda(1) = 0.63 and lambda(2) = 0.83 mum, and an effective Angstrom exponent, alpha, derived therefrom as alpha = -ln(tau(1)/tau(2))/ln(lambda(1)/lambda(2)). The retrievals are made with the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer model from four NOAA-14 AVHRR datasets, collected between February 1998 and May 1999 in the latitudinal belt of 5degrees-25degreesS. A series of quality control (QC) checks applied to the retrievals to identify outliers are described. These remove a total of similar to1% of points, which presumably originate from channel misregistration, residual cloud in AVHRR cloud-screened pixels, and substantial deviations from the assumptions used in the retrieval model (e.g., bright coastal and high altitude inland waters). First, from examining histograms of the derived parameters it is found that tau and alpha are accurately fit by lognormal and normal probability distribution functions (PDFs), respectively. Second, the scattergrams tau(1) versus tau(2) are analyzed to see if they form a coherent pattern. They do indeed converge at the origin, as expected, but frequently are outside of the expected domain in tau(1)-tau(2) space, defined by two straight lines corresponding to alpha = 0 and alpha = 2. This results in a low bias in alpha, which tends to fill in an interval of alpha is an element of [-1, 1] rather than alpha is an element of [0, 2]. Third, scattergrams of alpha versus tau are used to empirically confirm a previously drawn theoretical conclusion that errors in alpha are inversely proportional to tau. More in-depth quantitative analyses suggest that the AVHRR-derived Angstrom exponent becomes progressively more meaningful when tau > 0.2. Geographical trends are studied to demonstrate that the selected ocean area is reasonably uniform to justify application of consistency checks to reveal angular trends in the retrievals. These checks show that in most cases, the artifacts in the retrieved t and a are statistically insignificant. On average, the analyses suggest that the retrieved tau(1), tau(2), and alpha show a high degree of self- and interconsistency, with the exception of a troublesome May 1999 dataset. The most prominent problem noticed so far is the inconsistency between tau(1) and tau(2), persistent from one dataset to another, which calls for fine-tuning some (not aerosol-model related) elements of the retrieval algorithm. These adjustments will be discussed elsewhere. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 335 EP 362 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0335:ARFIAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300007 ER PT J AU Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chin, M Chuang, CC Feichter, J Feng, Y Geogdzhayev, IV Ginoux, P Herzog, M Higurashi, A Koch, D Land, C Lohmann, U Mishchenko, M Nakajima, T Pitari, G Soden, B Tegen, I Stowe, L AF Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chin, M Chuang, CC Feichter, J Feng, Y Geogdzhayev, IV Ginoux, P Herzog, M Higurashi, A Koch, D Land, C Lohmann, U Mishchenko, M Nakajima, T Pitari, G Soden, B Tegen, I Stowe, L TI A comparison of model- and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SULFUR CYCLE; GLOBAL-MODEL; EMISSIONS; SULFATE; OCEAN; CLIMATOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB The determination of an accurate quantitative understanding of the role of tropospheric aerosols in the earth's radiation budget is extremely important because forcing by anthropogenic aerosols presently represents one of the most uncertain aspects of climate models. Here the authors present a systematic comparison of three different analyses of satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-measured radiances with optical depths derived from six different models. Also compared are the model-derived clear-sky reflected shortwave radiation with satellite-measured reflectivities derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite. The three different satellite-derived optical depths differ by between -0.10 and 0.07 optical depth units in comparison to the average of the three analyses depending on latitude and month, but the general features of the retrievals are similar. The models differ by between -0.09 and +0.16 optical depth units from the average of the models. Differences between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses range over -0.11 to +0.05 optical depth units. These differences are significant since the annual average clear-sky radiative forcing associated with the difference between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses ranges between -3.9 and 0.7 W m(-2) depending on latitude and is -1.7 W m(-2) on a global average annual basis. Variations in the source strengths of dimethylsulfide-derived aerosols and sea salt aerosols can explain differences between the models, and between the models and satellite retrievals of up to 0.2 optical depth units. The comparison of model-generated reflected shortwave radiation and ERBE-measured shortwave radiation is similar in character as a function of latitude to the analysis of modeled and satellite-retrieved optical depths, but the differences between the modeled clear-sky reflected flux and the ERBE clear-sky reflected flux is generally larger than that inferred from the difference between the models and the AVHRR optical depths, especially at high latitudes. The difference between the mean of the models and the ERBE-analyzed clear-sky flux is 1.6 W m(-2). The overall comparison indicates that the model-generated aerosol optical depth is systematically lower than that inferred from measurements between the latitudes of 10degrees and 30degreesS. It is not likely that the shortfall is due to small values of the sea salt optical depth because increases in this component would create modeled optical depths that are larger than those from satellites in the region north of 30degreesN and near 50degreesS. Instead, the source strengths for DMS and biomass aerosols in the models may be too low. Firm conclusions, however, will require better retrieval procedures for the satellites, including better cloud screening procedures, further improvement of the model's treatment of aerosol transport and removal, and a better determination of aerosol source strengths. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Satellite Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 39 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 441 EP 460 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0441:ACOMAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300012 ER PT J AU Russell, PB Redemann, J Schmid, B Bergstrom, RW Livingston, JM McIntosh, DM Ramirez, SA Hartley, S Hobbs, PV Quinn, PK Carrico, CM Rood, MJ Ostrom, E Noone, KJ von Hoyningen-Huene, W Remer, L AF Russell, PB Redemann, J Schmid, B Bergstrom, RW Livingston, JM McIntosh, DM Ramirez, SA Hartley, S Hobbs, PV Quinn, PK Carrico, CM Rood, MJ Ostrom, E Noone, KJ von Hoyningen-Huene, W Remer, L TI Comparison of aerosol single scattering albedos derived by diverse techniques in two North Atlantic experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-2; UNITED-STATES; IN-SITU; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; RADIATION BUDGET; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; WATER-VAPOR; TARFOX AB Aerosol single scattering albedo omega (the ratio of scattering to extinction) is important in determining aerosol climatic effects, in explaining relationships between calculated and measured radiative fluxes, and in retrieving aerosol optical depths from satellite radiances. Recently, two experiments in the North Atlantic region, the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) and the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE- 2), determined aerosol omega by a variety of techniques. The techniques included fitting of calculated to measured radiative fluxes; retrievals of omega from skylight radiances; best fits of complex refractive index to profiles of backscatter, extinction, and size distribution; and in situ measurements of scattering and absorption at the surface and aloft. Both TARFOX and ACE- 2 found a fairly wide range of values for omega at midvisible wavelengths (similar to550 nm), with 0.85 less than or equal to omega(midvis) less than or equal to 0.99 for the marine aerosol impacted by continental pollution. Frequency distributions of omega could usually be approximated by lognormals in omega(max) - omega, with some occurrence of bimodality, suggesting the influence of different aerosol sources or processing. In both TARFOX and ACE-2, closure tests between measured and calculated radiative fluxes yielded best-fit values of omega(midvis) of 0.90 +/- 0.04 for the polluted boundary layer. Although these results have the virtue of describing the column aerosol unperturbed by sampling, they are subject to questions about representativeness and other uncertainties (e. g., thermal offsets, unknown gas absorption). The other techniques gave larger values for omega(midvis) for the polluted boundary layer, with a typical result of omega(midvis) = 0.95 +/- 0.04. Current uncertainties in omega are large in terms of climate effects. More tests are needed of the consistency among different methods and of humidification effects on omega. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Symtech Corp, Moffett Field, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Russell, PB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 48 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0609:COASSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300021 ER PT J AU Shen, WX Ginis, I Tuleya, RE AF Shen, WX Ginis, I Tuleya, RE TI A numerical investigation of land surface water on landfalling hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; MESH MODEL; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; INTENSITY; LAYER; DECAY AB Little is known about the effects of surface water over land on the decay of landfalling hurricanes. This study, using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model, examines the surface temperature changes due to hurricane-land surface water interactions, and their effects on the surface heat fluxes, hurricane structure, and intensity. Different water depths and surface conditions are incorporated for a variety of experiments starting with a hurricane bogus embedded in a uniform easterly mean flow of 5 m s(-1). A salient feature of hurricane-land surface water interaction is the local surface cooling near the hurricane core with the largest cooling behind and on the right side of the hurricane center. Unlike the surface cooling due to hurricane-ocean interaction, the largest cooling in hurricane-land surface water interaction can be much closer to the hurricane core. Without solar radiation during night, the surface evaporation dominates the local surface cooling. This causes a surface temperature contrast between the core area and its environment. During the day, the surface temperature contrast is enhanced due to additional influence from the reduced solar radiation under the core. Related to the local surface cooling, there is a significant reduction of surface evaporation with a near cutoff behind the hurricane center. A layer of half-meter water can noticeably reduce landfall decay although the local surface temperature around the hurricane core region is more than 4degreesC lower than in its environment. Further experiments indicate that an increase of roughness reduces the surface winds but barely changes the surface temperature and evaporation patterns and their magnitudes since the increase of roughness also increases the efficiency of surface evaporation. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Shen, WX (reprint author), NCEP-EMC Room 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 4 BP 789 EP 802 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0789:ANIOLS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CE UT WOS:000173418400001 ER PT J AU Lofaj, F Wiederhorn, SM Long, GG Hockey, BJ Jemian, PR Browder, L Andreason, J Taffner, U AF Lofaj, F Wiederhorn, SM Long, GG Hockey, BJ Jemian, PR Browder, L Andreason, J Taffner, U TI Non-cavitation tensile creep in Lu-doped silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE silicon nitride; tensile creep; lutetium; cavity suppression; solution-precipitation ID O-N GLASSES; SOLUTION-PRECIPITATION CREEP; X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIQUID-PHASE; COMPRESSION CREEP; GAS-TURBINE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; ALLOYS; COMPONENTS AB The tensile creep behavior of a Lu-doped silicon nitride was studied in the temperature range 1400 1550 degreesC with test periods of up to 10200 h. Strain rates were 3-4 orders of magnitude less than those for Yb-doped grades of silicon nitride under the same conditions, suggesting a potential for prolonged operation of this material at temperatures up to 1470 degreesC. The stress exponent, n, and the activation energy, Q, for creep are 5.3 +/- 2.0 and (757 +/- 117) kJ/mol, respectively. Precise density and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that, in contrast to other grades of silicon nitride, cavitation could not be detected in the material studied. Redistribution of the secondary phases via solution-precipitation combined with grain boundary sliding is discussed as a possible creep mechanism. A discussion of the effect of Lu on viscosity indicates that replacement of Y by Lu may explain the improvement of creep behavior. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Illinois, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Knox Coll, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. Illinois State Univ, Lincoln, IL 62656 USA. Max Planck Inst Metalkunde, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Lofaj, F (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 56 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2479 EP 2487 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00106-1 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00106-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800006 ER PT J AU Roberts, AP Garboczi, EJ AF Roberts, AP Garboczi, EJ TI Elastic properties of model random three-dimensional open-cell solids SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE structure-property relationships; microstructures; foam material; finite elements; probability and statistics ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FOAMS; BEHAVIOR; IMPERFECTIONS; COMPRESSION; COMPOSITE; AEROGELS; SPHERES; STRAIN AB Most cellular solids are random materials, while practically all theoretical structure-property relations are for periodic models. To generate theoretical results for random models the finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic properties of open-cell solids. We have computed the density (rho) and microstructure dependence of the Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (nu) for four different isotropic random models. The models were based on Voronoi tessellations, level-cut Gaussian random fields, and nearest neighbour node-bond rules. These models were chosen to broadly represent the structure of foamed solids and other (non-foamed) cellular materials. At low densities, the Young's modulus can be described by the relation E proportional to rho (n). The exponent n and constant of proportionality depend on microstructure. We find 1.3 < n < 3, indicating a more complex dependence than indicated by periodic cell theories, which predict n = 1 or 2. The observed variance in the exponent was found to be consistent with experimental data. At low densities we found that nu approximate to 0.25 for three of the four models studied. In contrast, the Voronoi tessellation, which is a common model of foams, became approximately incompressible (nu approximate to 0.5), This behaviour is not commonly observed experimentally. Our studies showed the result was robust to polydispersity and that a relatively large number (15%) of the bonds must be broken to significantly reduce the low-density Poission's ratio to nu approximate to 0.33. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Roberts, AP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Roberts, Anthony/A-3613-2011 OI Roberts, Anthony/0000-0001-5915-300X NR 36 TC 209 Z9 221 U1 12 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 33 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00056-4 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 501AJ UT WOS:000172660600002 ER EF