FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Thompson, RL
Edwards, R
Hart, JA
Elmore, KL
Markowski, P
AF Thompson, RL
Edwards, R
Hart, JA
Elmore, KL
Markowski, P
TI Close proximity soundings within supercell environments obtained from
the rapid update cycle
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID TORNADO FORECAST PARAMETERS; STORM-RELATIVE WINDS; MESOCYCLONES;
VARIABILITY; HELICITY; LEVEL; SHEAR
AB A sample of 413 soundings in close proximity to tornadic and nontornadic supercells is examined. The soundings were obtained from hourly analyses generated by the 40-km Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) analysis and forecast system. A comparison of 149 observed soundings and collocated RUC-2 soundings in regional supercell environments reveals that the RUC-2 model analyses were reasonably accurate through much of the troposphere. The largest error tendencies were in temperatures and mixing ratios near the surface, primarily in 1-h forecast soundings immediately prior to the standard rawinsonde launches around 1200 and 0000 UTC. Overall, the RUC-2 analysis soundings appear to be a reasonable proxy for observed soundings in supercell environments.
Thermodynamic and vertical wind shear parameters derived from RUC-2 proximity soundings are evaluated for the following supercell and storm subsets: significantly tornadic supercells ( 54 soundings), weakly tornadic supercells ( 144 soundings), nontornadic supercells ( 215 soundings), and discrete nonsupercell storms ( 75 soundings). Findings presented herein are then compared to results from previous and ongoing proximity soundings studies. Most significantly, proximity soundings presented here reinforce the findings of previous studies in that vertical shear and moisture within 1 km of the ground can discriminate between nontornadic supercells and supercells producing tornadoes with F2 or greater damage. Parameters that combine measures of buoyancy, vertical shear, and low-level moisture show the strongest ability to discriminate between supercell classes.
C1 Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
OI Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390
NR 47
TC 211
Z9 222
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1243
EP 1261
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1243:CPSWSE>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100014
ER
PT J
AU Markowski, P
Hannon, C
Frame, J
Lancaster, E
Pietrycha, A
Edwards, R
Thompson, RL
AF Markowski, P
Hannon, C
Frame, J
Lancaster, E
Pietrycha, A
Edwards, R
Thompson, RL
TI Characteristics of vertical wind profiles near supercells obtained from
the rapid update cycle
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL MESOCYCLONES; STORM-RELATIVE WINDS; VORTEX
AB Over 400 vertical wind profiles in close proximity to nontornadic and tornadic supercell thunderstorms are examined. The profiles were obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model/analysis system. Ground-relative wind speeds throughout the lower and middle troposphere are larger, on average, in tornadic supercell environments than in nontornadic supercell environments. The average vertical profiles of storm-relative wind speed, vertical wind shear, hodograph curvature, crosswise and streamwise vorticity, and storm-relative helicity are generally similar above 1 km in the tornadic and nontornadic supercell environments, with differences that are either not statistically significant or not what most would regard as meteorologically significant. On the other hand, considerable differences are found in these average vertical profiles within 1 km of the ground, with environments associated with significantly tornadic supercells ( those producing tornadoes of at least F2 intensity) having substantially larger low-level vertical wind shear, streamwise vorticity, and storm-relative helicity compared to environments associated with nontornadic supercells and weakly tornadic supercells ( those producing F0 or F1 tornadoes). These findings may partly explain the extraordinary difficulty in discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic supercell environments in a forecasting setting, given the low temporal and spatial frequency of wind observations in the lowest 1 km. It is believed that it would be a worthwhile investment to augment low-level wind profiling capabilities, in addition to taking a closer look at the dynamical sensitivities of supercell storms to near-surface wind shear by way of high-resolution numerical simulations.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Markowski, P (reprint author), 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
OI Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390
NR 35
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1262
EP 1272
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1262:COVWPN>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100015
ER
PT J
AU Market, P
Allen, S
Scofield, R
Kuligowski, R
Gruber, A
AF Market, P
Allen, S
Scofield, R
Kuligowski, R
Gruber, A
TI Precipitation efficiency of warm-season midwestern mesoscale convective
systems
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-BUDGET; FRONTAL SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SQUALL LINE; COLD-FRONT;
SOUNDINGS; CLOUDS
AB The precipitation efficiencies for mesoscale convective systems (MCS) over the central United States are calculated. During July - September 2000 and June - September 2001, 24 MCS for which sufficient data were available occurred over or near Missouri. Precipitable water fields from the hourly Rapid Update Cycle ( RUC) and radar-derived precipitation grids are used to calculate the precipitation efficiency. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite soundings and RUC winds are used to assess the pre-MCS environment. Statistical analysis reveals that precipitation efficiency has a relatively strong positive correlation with the relative humidity in the layer between the surface and the lifting condensation level; significant negative correlations are found between the precipitation efficiency and both the convective inhibition and the environmental wind shear. The latter, inverse relationship between shear and precipitation efficiency supports the findings of previous investigators.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Market, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Atmospher Sci, 387 McReynolds Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
NR 40
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1273
EP 1285
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1273:PEOWMM>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100016
ER
PT J
AU Hane, CE
Watts, JD
Andra, DL
Haynes, JA
Berry, E
Rabin, RM
Carr, FH
AF Hane, CE
Watts, JD
Andra, DL
Haynes, JA
Berry, E
Rabin, RM
Carr, FH
TI The evolution of morning convective systems over the US Great Plains
during the warm season. Part I: The forecast problem
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; SQUALL LINES; CUMULONIMBUS; COMPLEXES; GENESIS; MODEL;
SHEAR
AB The factors that influence the evolution of convective systems during the late morning over much of the Great Plains are not understood well. It is known that in this region the majority of such systems dissipate or decrease in intensity during this period. With this fact in mind, a summary is given of comments made during the occurrence of morning convective systems by forecasters at two National Weather Service (NWS) offices relating to factors that were most important in determining their forecasts of system evolution. In addition, results of a preliminary climatological study covering eight summer months for 181 summer precipitation systems affecting the county warning areas of the two NWS offices during late morning are presented. Revealed among the significant system characteristics is that approximately two-thirds of the included systems either decreased in intensity or dissipated during the late morning.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Dodge City, KS USA.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Hane, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1286
EP 1294
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1286:TEOMCS>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100017
ER
PT J
AU Frederick, WJ
AF Frederick, WJ
TI The rapid intensification and subsequent rapid weakening of Hurricane
Lili as compared with historical hurricanes
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
AB The purpose of this paper is to compare the rapid intensification and rapid decay of Hurricane Lili with historical records to determine whether similar events have occurred in the past. Data for this study were compiled from the historical hurricane database that consists of all Atlantic basin tropical storms and hurricanes recorded from 1851 to 2001. Maximum 1-min sustained winds at 10 m were used. This study concludes that the rapid intensification/rapid decay processes that occurred as Hurricane Lili moved north across the Gulf of Mexico have been recorded only 11 other times since 1851. The intensification rate of 35 kt (1 kt = 0.5144 m s(-1)) in 24 h for Hurricane Lili ranked in the 11th percentile when compared with the 769 hurricanes in the historical database. In fact, 35.8% of all hurricanes that achieved an intensity of at least 100 kt intensified at a rate similar to Lili. The decay rate of 40 kt within 24 h after completion of rapid intensification ranks in the 1st percentile. This study also shows that all hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico that rapidly intensified after 15 September proceeded to decay shortly thereafter by an average of 28 kt within 24 h of completion of rapid intensification. On the other hand, three of five (60%) hurricanes that rapidly intensified over the Gulf of Mexico prior to 15 September continued to intensify, by an average of 9 kt.
C1 NOAA, NWS, WSO, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
RP Frederick, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, WSO, 1400 Walnut St,Rm 120, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
NR 1
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1295
EP 1298
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1295:TRIASR>2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100018
ER
PT J
AU Glahn, B
AF Glahn, B
TI Comments on "IFPS and the future of the National Weather Service''
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PRECIPITATION PROBABILITY FORECASTS; STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PREDICTION
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1299
EP 1304
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1299:COIATF>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753UZ
UT WOS:000187250100019
ER
PT J
AU Castro, P
Williams, AB
Cooper, LL
AF Castro, P
Williams, AB
Cooper, LL
TI Revision of the family Latreilliidae Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Brachyura)
SO ZOOSYSTEMA
LA English
DT Review
DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Brachyura; Latreilliidae; biogeography; carrying
behaviour; phylogeny; revision
ID FIJIAN ARCHIPELAGO; MEGALOPA STAGE; CRUISE; STATIONS; LIST; PODOTREMATA;
CRABS
AB A study of specimens from around the world and the re-examination of additional material used by Williams for his revision of Latreillia Roux, 1830 have lead to a revision of the family Latreilliidae Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). The family now consists of two genera: Latreillia, with five species (L. elegans Roux, 1830, L. metanesa Williams, 1982, L. pennifera Alcock, 1900, L. valida de Haan, 1839, and L. williamsi Melo, 1990), and Eplumula Williams, 1982, with two species (E australiensis (Henderson, 1888) and E phalangium (de Haan, 1839)). Latreillia manningi Williams, 1982, which was described as a western Atlantic species distinct from the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic populations of L. elegans, is now regarded as a very close geographical variant of L. elegans because the differences between the two populations are insignificant and overlapping. The revision has resulted in an updated and more detailed definition of the Latreilliidae with the addition of characters such as the type of abdominal holding system and the morphology of the coxae of the last pair of pereopods (P5) of males. The revision has also re-examined our current knowledge of the phylogeny and biogeography of the family. It also reviews carrying behaviour, the use of the P5 for carrying living organisms or non-living objects for camouflaging, among its member species.
C1 Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA.
Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Biodivers Sci Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.
RP Castro, P (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA.
EM pcastro@csupomona.edu
NR 117
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS
PI PARIS CEDEX 05
PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE
SN 1280-9551
EI 1638-9387
J9 ZOOSYSTEMA
JI Zoosystema
PD DEC
PY 2003
VL 25
IS 4
BP 601
EP 634
PG 34
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 763EN
UT WOS:000188062100003
ER
PT J
AU Ek, MB
Mitchell, KE
Lin, Y
Rogers, E
Grunmann, P
Koren, V
Gayno, G
Tarpley, JD
AF Ek, MB
Mitchell, KE
Lin, Y
Rogers, E
Grunmann, P
Koren, V
Gayno, G
Tarpley, JD
TI Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National
Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE coupled modeling; Eta model; land surface model
ID ATMOSPHERE TRANSFER SCHEME; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; PARAMETERIZATION
SCHEMES; SOIL HYDROLOGY; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION; MOISTURE; SNOW;
EVAPORATION; SIMULATION
AB [ 1] We present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ( NCEP) mesoscale Eta model, whose operational domain includes North America. These improvements consist of changes to the " Noah'' land surface model ( LSM) physics, most notable in the area of cold season processes. Results indicate improved performance in forecasting low- level temperature and humidity, with improvements to ( or without affecting) the overall performance of the Eta model quantitative precipitation scores and upper air verification statistics. Remaining issues that directly affect the Noah LSM performance in the Eta model include physical parameterizations of radiation and clouds, which affect the amount of available energy at the surface, and stable boundary layer and surface layer processes, which affect surface turbulent heat fluxes and ultimately the surface energy budget.
C1 NOAA, Ctr Sci, NCEP, EMC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
HQ Air Force Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA.
NESDIS, ORA, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Ek, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, NCEP, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
EM michael.ek@noaa.gov; kenneth.mitchell@noaa.gov; ying.lin@noaa.gov;
eric.rogers@noaa.gov; pablo.grunmann@noaa.gov; victor.koren@noaa.gov;
george.gayno@afwa.af.mil; dan.tarpley@noaa.gov
NR 58
TC 1069
Z9 1101
U1 11
U2 89
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 29
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8851
DI 10.1029/2002JD003296
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749QW
UT WOS:000186941200001
ER
PT J
AU Chen, CS
Schlitz, RJ
Lough, RG
Smith, KW
Beardsley, R
Manning, JP
AF Chen, CS
Schlitz, RJ
Lough, RG
Smith, KW
Beardsley, R
Manning, JP
TI Wind-induced, cross-frontal exchange on Georges Bank: A mechanism for
early summer on-bank biological particle transport
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-frontal exchange; tidal mixing front; wind-driven currents
ID STRATIFIED TIDAL RECTIFICATION; FINITE-AMPLITUDE BANKS; WATER EXCHANGE;
SOUTHERN FLANK; VARIABILITY; FLOWS; MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; TRAJECTORIES;
ZOOPLANKTON
AB [ 1] Water exchange across the tidal- mixing front on the southern flank of Georges Bank ( GB) is examined using a two- dimensional ( 2D) primitive equation ocean model. The model domain features a cross- frontal transect including a June 1999 hydrographic ( CTD)/ ADCP study made as part of the U. S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/ Georges Bank program. The model was initialized with temperature and salinity fields taken on the 15 June 1999 CTD section and run prognostically with tidal forcing, measured winds, and representative surface heat flux. The results show that fluctuations of wind plus tidal mixing can play the following essential role in the short- term transport of water and particles from the stratified region to the mixed region on GB in early summer, when stratification is just developing with a weak thermocline at a depth of about 10 m. First, a passing weather front drives a wind- induced on- bank Ekman transport of the upper part of the water column at the tidal- mixing front and associated particles in the surface mixed layer. Then, when the wind relaxes or changes direction, the water in the on- bank extension of the front ( above the thermocline) mixes quickly through enhanced tidal motion in shallower depths of water. As a result, particles that are advected along the extended front stay in the previously wellmixed region of the bank. Surface heating tends to increase the strength of the thermocline and reduce the thickness of the surface mixed layer. This in turn accelerates the on- bank movement of the front under an easterly wind favorable for Ekman transport and thus enhances the on- bank, cross- frontal transport of particles. Since the wind- induced, crossfrontal on- bank transport of water can occur episodically during passages of meteorological fronts, these could produce a larger net cross- frontal flux than that produced by just tidal forcing on equivalent timescales. Therefore wind- induced processes can be important in the on- bank cross- frontal flux of copepods and other zooplankton species that exhibit shallow maxima in their vertical distributions over the southern flank of GB in early summer.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Numer Methods Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Chen, CS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
EM c1chen@umassd.edu; rschlitz@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu;
glough@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu; keston.smith@dartmouth.edu;
rbeardsley@whoi.edu; jmanning@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 29
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C11
AR 8011
DI 10.1029/2002JC001358
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 749RC
UT WOS:000186941800001
ER
PT J
AU Vakhtin, AB
Murphy, JE
Leone, SR
AF Vakhtin, AB
Murphy, JE
Leone, SR
TI Low-temperature kinetics of reactions of OH radical with ethene,
propene, and 1-butene
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; NEGATIVE ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; COLLISION
RATE CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; LAVAL NOZZLE APPARATUS; SET
MODEL CHEMISTRY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; FALL-OFF RANGE;
CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS
AB The kinetics of the reactions of the CH radical with ethene (k(1)), propene (k(2)) and 1-butene (k(3)) are studied over a temperature range of T = 96-296 K. The low-temperature environment is provided by a pulsed Laval nozzle supersonic expansion of nitrogen with admixed radical precursor and reactant gases. The OH radicals are produced by pulsed photolysis of H2O2 at 248 nm. Laser-induced fluorescence of the OH radicals excited in the (1,0) band of the A(2)Sigma(+)-X(2)Pi(i) transition is used to monitor the OH decay kinetics to obtain the bimolecular rate coefficients. At T = 296 K, the rate constants k(1), k(2), and k(3) are also measured as a function of total pressure. The room-temperature falloff parameters are used as the basis for extrapolation of the low-temperature kinetic data, obtained over a limited range of gas number density, to predict the high-pressure limits of all three rate coefficients at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the measured high-pressure rate constants for T = 96-296 K can be expressed as follows: k(1,infinity) = (8.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-12)(T/300)((-0.85+/-0.11)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(2,infinity) = (2.95 +/- 0.10) x 10(-11)(T/300)((-1.06+/-0.13)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(3,infinity) = (3.02 +/- 0.15) x 10(-11)(T/300)((-1.44+/-0.10)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). All three high-pressure rate constants show a slight negative temperature dependence, which is generally in agreement with both low-temperature and high-temperature kinetic data available in the literature. Implications to the atmospheric chemistry of Saturn are discussed. Incorporating the new experimental data on k(1) in photochemical models of Saturn's atmosphere may significantly increase the predicted rate of photochemical conversion of H2O into C-O containing molecules.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Vakhtin, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 50
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 27
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 47
BP 10055
EP 10062
DI 10.1021/jp030230a
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 746RU
UT WOS:000186762100006
ER
PT J
AU Gonzalez, C
Lim, EC
AF Gonzalez, C
Lim, EC
TI Evaluation of the Hartree-Fock dispersion (HFD) model as a practical
tool for probing intermolecular potentials of small aromatic clusters:
Comparison of the HFD and MP2 intermolecular Potentials
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID VAN-DER-WAALS; BENZENE DIMER; AB-INITIO; BINDING-ENERGIES; EQUILIBRIUM
GEOMETRIES; NAPHTHALENE TRIMER; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; GENETIC ALGORITHM;
ANTHRACENE; MICROCLUSTERS
AB The performance of the Hartree-Fock dispersion (HFD) model for aromatic clusters has been evaluated by comparing the HFD/6-31G intermolecular potentials with the MP2/6-31G potentials for dimers of four aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene) and the trimer of naphthalene. The computationally efficient HFD model yields equilibrium geometries and binding energies that are essentially identical to those from the MP2 calculations for all aromatic clusters. For the T-shaped dimer of benzene and the cyclic trimer of naphthalene for which experimental geometries are known, the computed geometry and intermolecular separations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Although the MP2/6-31G (not corrected for basis set superposition errors) and HFD/6-31G binding energies (D-e) of the dimers of benzene and naphthalene, and the trimer of naphthalene, are almost a factor of 2 greater than the experimental values (D-0), they are considerably in better agreement with experiment than the MP2 interaction energies computed by using larger and diffuse basis sets, 6-31G* (0.25) and aug-cc-pVDZ. The calculated minimum-energy structures of the four aromatic hydrocarbons of differing sizes support the notion that electrostatic interaction favors edge-on (T-shaped) structures, whereas dispersion interaction favors stacked structures. The computed dimer binding energy is approximately a linear function of the number of hexagons in the monomer.
C1 Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
Univ Akron, Ctr Laser & Opt Spect, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lim, EC (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
NR 32
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 27
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 47
BP 10105
EP 10110
DI 10.1021/jp030587e
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 746RU
UT WOS:000186762100013
ER
PT J
AU Pan, M
Sheffield, J
Wood, EF
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Duan, QY
Luo, L
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
AF Pan, M
Sheffield, J
Wood, EF
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Duan, QY
Luo, L
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
TI Snow process modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation
System (NLDAS): 2. Evaluation of model simulated snow water equivalent
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE snow water equivalent; land surface modeling
ID HEAT-BALANCE; ETA-MODEL; COVER; PRECIPITATION; SURFACE; HYDROLOGY;
VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE; AIRBORNE
AB [1] This is the second part of a study on the cold season process modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation System ( NLDAS). The first part concentrates on the assessment of model simulated snow cover extent. In this second part, the focus is on the evaluation of simulated snow water equivalent ( SWE) from the four land surface models ( Noah, MOSAIC, SAC and VIC) in the NLDAS. Comparisons are made with observational data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Snowpack Telemetry ( SNOTEL) network for a 3- year retrospective period at selected sites in the mountainous regions of the western United States. All models show systematic low bias in the maximum annual simulated SWE that is most notable in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada regions where differences can approach 1000 mm. Comparison of NLDAS precipitation forcing with SNOTEL measurements revealed a large bias in the NLDAS annual precipitation which may be lower than the SNOTEL record by up to 2000 mm at certain stations. Experiments with the VIC model indicated that most of the bias in SWE is removed by scaling the precipitation by a regional factor based on the regression of the NLDAS and SNOTEL precipitation. Individual station errors may be reduced further still using precipitation scaled to the local station SNOTEL record. Furthermore, the NLDAS air temperature is shown to be generally colder in winter months and biased warmer in spring and summer when compared to the SNOTEL record, although the level of bias is regionally dependent. Detailed analysis at a selected station indicate that errors in the air temperature forcing may cause the partitioning of precipitation into snowfall and rainfall by the models to be incorrect and thus may explain some of the remaining errors in the simulated SWE.
C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Pan, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM justin@princeton.edu
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013;
Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Duan,
Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 44
TC 88
Z9 90
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 26
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8850
DI 10.1029/2003JD003994
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749QV
UT WOS:000186941100003
ER
PT J
AU Meng, CJ
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Laszlo, I
AF Meng, CJ
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Laszlo, I
TI A satellite approach for estimating regional land surface energy budget
for GCIP/GAPP
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE surface energy budget
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; ETA-MODEL;
GLOBAL-SCALE; VEGETATION; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATION;
HYDROLOGY; PROJECT
AB Conventional observations cannot provide information on land surface energy fluxes, or information for land surface parameterizations, on a global or regional scale. In this paper, a satellite approach for estimating regional land surface energy budget is developed and implemented to the Mississippi River Basin, which serves as the focus of the World Climate Research Program Global Energy and Water cycles Experiment ( GEWEX) Continental Scale International Project ( GCIP) and GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP). The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of using recently available satellite information to advance current capabilities in determining regional land surface energy budget. The primary forcing parameters in this approach, namely, surface shortwave radiation and skin temperature, are derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) observations, using inference schemes that are operationally executed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). Shortwave radiation is used to define the absorbed energy at the surface. Diurnal variation of skin temperature is used to define the surface energy partitioning. The real-time NESDIS GOES product covers the continental United States (25degrees - 53 degrees N, 67degrees - 125 degreesW), at a 0.5degrees spatial resolution and an hourly temporal resolution. Atmospheric conditions of near-surface air temperature, humidity, and wind speed are obtained from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta model output. A 1-year simulation ( May 1997 to May 1998) of the Mississippi River Basin surface energy budget is performed. Model inputs of shortwave radiation and skin temperature, and resulting latent and sensible heat fluxes, are evaluated on various spatial and temporal scales. On a local scale, over the 1-year study period, the RMS difference between estimated and observed monthly shortwave fluxes and latent and sensible heat fluxes are 32, 21, and 20 Wm(-2), respectively. On a regional scale the estimated summertime energy fluxes are of similar pattern and same order of magnitude as the corresponding reanalysis results from NCEP and National Center for Atmospheric Research.
C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Natl Ctr Environm Predict, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM jesse.meng@noaa.gov
RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708;
NR 58
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 25
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8861
DI 10.1029/2002JD003088
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749QU
UT WOS:000186941000001
ER
PT J
AU Forney, D
Jacox, ME
Thompson, WE
AF Forney, D
Jacox, ME
Thompson, WE
TI Infrared spectra of trans-HOCO, HCOOH+, and HCO2- trapped in solid neon
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID I PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS MATRICES; FORMIC-ACID;
VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; NEGATIVE-IONS; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM;
MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PROTON AFFINITIES; ELECTRON-DENSITY;
CARBON-MONOXIDE
AB When a Ne:HCOOH sample is codeposited at ca. 5 K with neon atoms that have been passed through a microwave discharge, new absorptions appear in the infrared spectrum of the resulting solid that can be assigned to trans-HOCO, trans-HCOOH+, and HCO2-. The absorptions of trans-HOCO are readily identified by a comparison with those previously reported for that molecule trapped in solid argon. Preliminary assignments of infrared absorptions of HOCO+, confirmed in studies using another experimental system, are also suggested. The identifications of trans-HCOOH+ and of HCO2- are aided by study of the photodestruction characteristics of these products when the deposit is exposed to various wavelengths of visible and ultraviolet radiation, by an analysis of the spectra obtained from isotopically substituted samples, and by a comparison with the results of ab initio and density functional calculations. Three previously unidentified vibrational fundamentals of trans-HCOOH+ have been assigned, as have been four vibrational fundamentals of HCO2-, in the inert, nonionic environment of solid neon. The CH-stretching fundamental of HCO2- appears at an exceptionally low frequency. The results of density functional calculations of the structures and vibrational fundamentals of trans-HCOOH+, HCO2-, the W(C-2v) structure of C(OH)(2)(+), and cis- and trans-HCOOH- are given.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Forney, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 60
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 22
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 20
BP 10814
EP 10823
DI 10.1063/1.1621382
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000186554500040
ER
PT J
AU Jacox, ME
Thompson, WE
AF Jacox, ME
Thompson, WE
TI Infrared spectra of HOCO+ and of the complex of H-2 with CO2- trapped in
solid neon
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; FREQUENCY LASER SPECTROSCOPY;
VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE;
TRANSITION-STATE; ANION COMPLEXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IONS; HYDROGEN
AB When a Ne:H-2:CO2=800:10:1 mixture is codeposited at 4.3 K with neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, the infrared spectrum of the resulting solid deposit includes not only absorptions characteristic of experiments from which H-2 is absent, but also numerous product absorptions that are common to similar experiments on Ne:HCOOH samples. The carriers of these latter absorptions include HCOOH itself, as well as trans-HOCO, HCOOH+, and HCO2-. Detailed isotopic substitution studies confirm the infrared identifications of HCOOH+ and HCO2- and permit the identification of two previously unassigned vibrational fundamentals each of HOCO+ and DOCO+. Density functional calculations for the latter species support the proposed assignments. Evidence is presented for the stabilization of the H-2...CO2- anion complex, in which the H-2 moiety becomes infrared-active. The processes that result in the stabilization of these products are considered.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 56
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 22
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 20
BP 10824
EP 10831
DI 10.1063/1.1621383
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000186554500041
ER
PT J
AU Donner, LJ
Phillips, VT
AF Donner, LJ
Phillips, VT
TI Boundary layer control on convective available potential energy:
Implications for cumulus parameterization
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE convective available potential energy; cumulus parameterization;
planetary boundary layer
ID MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENT; CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE;
PACIFIC WARM POOL; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; TOGA COARE; WESTERN PACIFIC;
CLIMATE MODEL; SENSITIVITY; MOMENTUM; BUDGETS
AB [1] Convective available potential energy (CAPE), frequently regarded as an indicator of the potential intensity of deep convection, is strongly controlled by the properties of the planetary boundary layer (BL). Variations in CAPE observed during field experiments in midcontinent North America, the tropical east Atlantic, and the tropical west Pacific, can be accounted for mostly by changes in the temperature and humidity in the BL. The coupling between CAPE and the BL holds for both convective and nonconvective conditions. The coupling under conditions of deep convection implies a constraint on the intensity of deep convection which can be used as a closure for cumulus parameterization. This constraint requires equilibrium in the environment of the parcel used as a basis for calculating CAPE. Over many cases, parcel-environment equilibrium is observed to hold more robustly than equilibrium of CAPE itself. When observational uncertainties are considered, it is uncertain whether quasi-equilibrium, in which the rate of change of CAPE is substantially less than the rate at which mean advection and BL fluxes change CAPE, holds at subdiurnal timescales in the eastern Atlantic and the western Pacific. Quasi-equilibrium is a poor approximation at subdiurnal timescales in midcontinent North America. At timescales approaching diurnal, quasi-equilibrium holds in all cases. Cumulus parameterizations based on quasi-equilibrium may be limited in their ability to model diurnal cycles as a result. CAPE fluctuations related to large, subdiurnal variations in surface fluxes are much sharper than CAPE fluctuations related to changes in mean advection above the BL, especially over land. The strong BL control on CAPE indicates that deep convection does not equilibrate rapid, high-amplitude variations in CAPE originating there.
C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
NOAA, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM ljd@gfdl.noaa.gov
NR 24
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 5
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 22
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 4701
DI 10.1029/2003JD003773
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749BM
UT WOS:000186898800002
ER
PT J
AU Chen, LS
Ye, J
AF Chen, LS
Ye, J
TI Extensive, high-resolution measurement of hyperfine interactions:
precise investigations of molecular potentials and wave functions
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; B-STATE; IODINE; LASER; LINE; I-2; I2;
PREDISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPLITTINGS
AB We report high-resolution and high-precision measurement of hyperfine interactions of the first excited electronic state (B) of 12 over an extensive range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. Systematic variations in the hyperfine parameters, including both rovibrational level dependence and internuclear separation dependence, are confirmed by calculations based on ab initio molecular potential energy curves and electronic wave functions derived from a separated-atom basis set. We have accurately determined the state-dependent quantitative changes of hyperfine interactions caused by perturbations from other electronic states and identified the respective perturbing states. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 21
PY 2003
VL 381
IS 5-6
BP 777
EP 783
DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.10.052
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 748HB
UT WOS:000186855500040
ER
PT J
AU Cosgrove, BA
Lohmann, D
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
AF Cosgrove, BA
Lohmann, D
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
TI Land surface model spin-up behavior in the North American Land Data
Assimilation System (NLDAS)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE LDAS; LSM; spin-up
ID SOIL-MOISTURE SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; CLIMATE; PROJECT;
TRANSPIRATION; SENSITIVITY
AB The process of a model adjusting to its forcing (model spin-up) can severely bias land surface simulations, and result in questionable land surface model (LSM) output during the spin-up process. To gain a better understanding of how spin-up processes affect complex spatial and temporal land surface modeling situations in general, and the Retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) simulations in particular, a two-phase study was conducted. The first phase examined results from Control, Wet, and Dry 11 year-long Mosaic simulations, while the second phase attempted to explain spin-up behavior in NLDAS Retrospective simulations from the Mosaic, Noah, VIC and Sacramento LSMs based in part on the results from phase 1. Total column and root zone soil moisture spin up slowly, while evaporation and deep soil temperature spin up more quickly. Mosaic soil moisture initialization with NCEP/DOE Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP/DOE R-2) data (Control run) leads to a faster spin-up time than saturated (Wet run) or dry (Dry run) initialization, with the Control run reaching equilibrium 1 to 2 years sooner than the Wet run and 3 to 4 years more quickly than the Dry run. Overall, practical drift of land surface stores and output ceased in the Control run within approximately 1 year, and fine-scale equilibrium was reached within 5.5 years. Spin-up times exhibited large spatial variability, and although no single causal factor could be determined, they were correlated most strongly with precipitation and temperature forcing. In general, NLDAS models reach a state of rough equilibrium within the first 1 to 2 years of the 3-year Retrospective simulation. The Sacramento LSM has the shortest spin-up phase, followed by the Mosaic, VIC, and Noah LSMs. Initial NCEP/DOE R-2 conditions were too dry in general for the VIC and Noah LSMs, and too moist for the Mosaic and Sacramento LSMs. These results indicate that in most cases, the 1-year spin-up time used in the Retrospective NLDAS simulations eliminated spin-up problems from the subsequent period that was used for analysis.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Cosgrove, BA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mail Code 974-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM cosgrove@gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011;
Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 26
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 21
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8845
DI 10.1029/2002JD003316
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749BL
UT WOS:000186898700003
ER
PT J
AU Sheffield, J
Pan, M
Wood, EF
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Ramsay, BH
AF Sheffield, J
Pan, M
Wood, EF
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Ramsay, BH
TI Snow process modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation
System (NLDAS): 1. Evaluation of model-simulated snow cover extent
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE land surface models; NLDAS; snow cover extent
ID LATITUDE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; TORNE-KALIX BASIN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY;
PILPS PHASE-2(E); ETA-MODEL; SURFACE; REPRESENTATION; HEMISPHERE;
SCHEMES; INTERCOMPARISONS
AB This study evaluates the cold season process modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) and consists of two parts: (1) assessment of land surface model simulations of snow cover extent and (2) evaluation of snow water equivalent. In this first part, simulations of snow cover extent from the four land surface models (Noah, MOSAIC, Sacramento land surface model (SAC), and Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model (VIC)) in the NLDAS were compared with observational data from the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System for a 3 year retrospective period over the conterminous United States. In general, all models simulate reasonably well the regional-scale spatial and seasonal dynamics of snow cover. Systematic biases are seen in the model simulations, with consistent underestimation of snow cover extent by MOSAIC (-19.8% average bias) and Noah (-22.5%), and overestimation by VIC (22.3%), with SAC being essentially unbiased on average. However, the level of bias at the regional scale varies with geographic location and elevation variability. Larger discrepancies are seen over higher elevation regions of the northwest of the United States that may be due, in part, to errors in the meteorological forcings and also at the snow line boundary, where most temporal and spatial variability in snow cover extent is likely to occur. The spread between model simulations is fairly low and generally envelopes the observed data at the mean regional scale, indicating that the models are quite capable of simulating the general behavior of snow processes at these scales. Intermodel differences can be explained to some extent by differences in the model representations of subgrid variability and parameterizations of snow cover extent.
C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Sci Ctr,Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mitchell, KE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM justin@princeton.edu; mpan@princeton.edu; efwood@runoff.princeton.edu;
kenneth.mitchell@noaa.gov; houser@dao.gsfc.nasa.gov;
john.schaake@noaa.gov; robock@envsci.rutgers.edu;
dlohmann@ncep.noaa.gov; brian.cosgrove@gsfc.nasa.gov;
qingyun.duan@noaa.gov; lluo@princeton.edu; wayne.higgins@noaa.gov;
pinker@metosrv2.umd.edu; dan.tarpley@noaa.gov; bruce.r.ramsay@noaa.gov
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013;
Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Duan,
Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 31
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 21
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8849
DI 10.1029/2002JD003274
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749BL
UT WOS:000186898700002
ER
PT J
AU Noakes, DR
Arrott, AS
Belk, MG
Deevi, SC
Huang, QZ
Lynn, JW
Shull, RD
Wu, D
AF Noakes, DR
Arrott, AS
Belk, MG
Deevi, SC
Huang, QZ
Lynn, JW
Shull, RD
Wu, D
TI Incommensurate spin density waves in iron aluminides
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FE-AL ALLOYS; ELECTRON-GAS; FERROMAGNETISM; GLASS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM;
TRANSITIONS; FE0.7AL0.3; MAGNETISM; NEUTRON
AB Neutron diffraction in Fe(Al) reveals incommensurate spin density waves (SDWs) in alloys known to be spin glasses. The wave vectors for crystals of Fe(34Al), Fe(40Al), and Fe(43Al) show n varying from 11 to 6 for (q) over right arrow =2pi(h+/-1/n,k+/-1/n,l+/-1/n)/a(0), where (h,k,l) and a(0) characterize the parent bcc lattice of the CsCl structure. The magnetic reflections are present far above the spin-glass freezing temperatures. These SDWs keep the spins on nearest-neighbor Fe atoms close to parallel, in contrast with SDWs in Cr, which keep nearest-neighbor spins close to antiparallel.
C1 Virginia State Univ, Ctr Interact Micromagnet, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Philip Morris Inc, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Richmond, VA 23261 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RP Virginia State Univ, Ctr Interact Micromagnet, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA.
RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013
NR 29
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 21
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 21
AR 217201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.217201
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 746QL
UT WOS:000186757000051
PM 14683331
ER
PT J
AU Chadwick, WW
AF Chadwick, WW
TI Quantitative constraints on the growth of submarine lava pillars from a
monitoring instrument that was caught in a lava flow
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
DE submarine volcanic eruption; lava flow inflation; sheet flow; lava
pillars
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SHEET
FLOWS; GROUND DEFORMATION; ERUPTION; MORPHOLOGY; HAWAII; INFLATION
AB Lava pillars are hollow, vertical chimneys of solid basaltic lava that are common features within the collapsed interiors of submarine sheet flows on intermediate and fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. They are morphologically similar to lava trees that form on land when lava overruns forested areas, but the sides of lava pillars are covered with distinctive, evenly spaced, thin, horizontal lava crusts, referred to hereafter as "lava shelves.'' Lava stalactites up to 5 cm long on the undersides of these shelves are evidence that cavities filled with a hot vapor phase existed temporarily beneath each crust. During the submarine eruption of Axial Volcano in 1998 on the Juan de Fuca Ridge a monitoring instrument, called VSM2, became embedded in the upper crust of a lava flow that produced 3- to 5-m-high lava pillars. A pressure sensor in the instrument showed that the 1998 lobate sheet flow inflated 3.5 m and then drained out again in only 2.5 hours. These data provide the first quantitative constraints on the timescale of lava pillar formation and the rates of submarine lava flow inflation and drainback. They also allow comparisons to lava flow inflation rates observed on land, to theoretical models of crust formation on submarine lava, and to previous models of pillar formation. A new model is presented for the rhythmic formation of alternating lava crusts and vapor cavities to explain how stacks of lava shelves are formed on the sides of lava pillars during continuous lava drainback. Each vapor cavity is created between a stranded crust and the subsiding lava surface. A hot vapor phase forms within each cavity as seawater is syringed through tiny cracks in the stranded crust above. Eventually, the subsiding lava causes the crust above to fail, quenching the hot cavity and forming the next lava crust. During the 1998 eruption at Axial Volcano, this process repeated itself about every 2 min during the 81-min-long drainback phase of the eruption, based on the thickness and spacing of the lava shelves. The VSM2 data show that lava pillars are formed during short-lived eruptions in which inflation and drainback follow each other in rapid succession and that pillars record physical evidence that can be used to interpret the dynamics of seafloor eruptions.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 108
IS B11
AR 2534
DI 10.1029/2003JB002422
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 749BZ
UT WOS:000186899900001
ER
PT J
AU Grodkowski, J
Neta, P
Wishart, JF
AF Grodkowski, J
Neta, P
Wishart, JF
TI Pulse radiolysis study of the reactions of hydrogen atoms in the ionic
liquid methyltributylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REACTION-KINETICS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CYCLOHEXANE SOLUTIONS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; ORGANIC
LIQUIDS; KETYL RADICALS; EXCITED STATES; DIMER CATIONS
AB Reactions of hydrogen atoms with pyrene, phenanthrene, benzophenone, 2-propanol, and crotonic acid in the ionic liquid methyltributylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (R4NNTf2) were studied by pulse radiolysis. Radiolysis of the ionic liquid leads to formation of dry electrons and solvated electrons, which are scavenged by H3O+ to produce H-. atoms. Hydrogen atoms react very rapidly with pyrene (3.8 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) and phenanthrene (2.9 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) to form H-adduct radicals with sharp absorption peaks at 405 and 395 nm, respectively. They also react with benzophenone to form ring adducts, but the reaction is much slower. By competition kinetics with pyrene, the rate constants for reactions of H-. atoms with 2-PrOH and with crotonic acid were estimated to be approximate to6 x 10(7) and 4.6 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. All the rate constants, except for benzophenone, are similar to the values measured or estimated for the same reactions in aqueous solutions. The reactions with the aromatic hydrocarbons must be diffusion-controlled but are faster than diffusion-controlled reactions for solvated electrons in the same ionic liquid.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013
OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636
NR 34
TC 72
Z9 74
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 46
BP 9794
EP 9799
DI 10.1021/jp035265p
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743MB
UT WOS:000186574600008
ER
PT J
AU Froyd, KD
Lovejoy, ER
AF Froyd, KD
Lovejoy, ER
TI Experimental thermodynamics of cluster ions composed of H2SO4 and H2O.
1. Positive ions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTONATED WATER CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; NEGATIVE-IONS; PARTICLE FORMATION;
FLOWING AFTERGLOW; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEATION MECHANISMS; HYDRATION
ENERGIES; MOLECULE REACTIONS; BINARY NUCLEATION
AB Predictions from gas phase nucleation models are highly sensitive to the thermodynamics of the initial stages of particle growth, where free energies calculated using classical nucleation theory are expected to be the least accurate. There is strong evidence that H2SO4 and H2O are directly involved in atmospheric nucleation. These species are also principal components of atmospheric ions, suggesting that they may play important roles in ion-induced nucleation mechanisms. In part I of this work, we measured equilibrium constants for the reactions of H2O with the cluster ions, H+(H2SO4)(s)(H2O)(w) s less than or equal to 4 and w less than or equal to 15, over a range of temperatures using an ion flow reactor. H2O bond enthalpies and entropies were derived from van't Hoff analyses, and results for the H+(H2O), system are in agreement with literature values. Thermodynamics of H2SO4 binding in the H+(H2SO4)(s)(H2O)(w) cluster ions were also estimated based on comparisons with the HSO4-(H2SO4), system, whose bond enthalpies were measured previously. As clusters grow in size, some thermodynamic trends begin to reflect those for bulk H2SO4/H2O solutions. A stable population of the H+(H2O)(w) cluster ions is present in the atmosphere, but for typical concentrations, incorporation of the first H2SO4 molecule to form H+(H2SO4)(H2O)(w) is thermodynamically unfavorable at 270 K. As a result, significant growth and subsequent nucleation of the H+ (H2SO4)(s)(HO)(w) system is not anticipated in the middle or lower troposphere.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lovejoy, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013
NR 90
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 46
BP 9800
EP 9811
DI 10.1021/jp027803o
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743MB
UT WOS:000186574600009
ER
PT J
AU Froyd, KD
Lovejoy, ER
AF Froyd, KD
Lovejoy, ER
TI Experimental thermodynamics of cluster ions composed of H2SO4 and H2O.
2. Measurements and a initio structures of negative ions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INDUCED AEROSOL FORMATION; PROTONATED WATER
DIMER; GAS-PHASE; INDUCED NUCLEATION; BOND-ENERGIES; SULFURIC-ACID;
AB-INITIO; MOLECULE ASSOCIATION; H2O-H2SO4 SYSTEM
AB Gas-phase nucleation in the atmosphere may be initiated by the condensation of sulfuric acid and water around ions. The thermodynamics of stepwise cluster ion growth must be known in order to model ion-induced nucleation of the H2SO4/H2O system. In the companion paper, we measured temperature-dependent equilibrium constants for the reactions of H2O with the H+(H2SO4)(s)(H2O)(w) cluster ions using an ion flow reactor. In this work, H2O bond enthalpies and entropies for the HSO4-(H2SO4)(s)(H2O)(w), s less than or equal to 6 and w less than or equal to 10, cluster ions were measured. The thermodynamics of H2SO4 ligand bonding in these clusters were also determined using data from previous experiments. The small positive and negative cluster ions exhibit very different chemical characteristics, but both families show trends analogous to bulk solution thermodynamics as clusters grow in size. Small negative cluster ions have a lower affinity for H2O than positive ion species, but H2SO4 bonding is considerably stronger in the negative clusters. Ion-induced nucleation of the negative H2SO4/H2O cluster ions is therefore thermodynamically favored. Addition of H2O to certain HSO4-(H2SO4)(s)(H2O)(w) cluster ions results in unusually large reaction entropies. Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate ligand bonding in the HSO4-(H2SO4)(s)(H2O) cluster ions. Stable cluster geometries comprised of multiple ions were identified for s greater than or equal to 2. Large experimental entropy changes upon H2O addition may be due to multiply ionic species formed by proton transfer within the product cluster.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lovejoy, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013
NR 57
TC 64
Z9 65
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 46
BP 9812
EP 9824
DI 10.1021/jp0278059
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743MB
UT WOS:000186574600010
ER
PT J
AU Louis, F
Gonzalez, CA
Sawerysyn, JP
AF Louis, F
Gonzalez, CA
Sawerysyn, JP
TI Ab initio study of the oxidation reaction of CO by ClO radicals
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPIN PROJECTION; COMBUSTION
AB The oxidation of carbon monoxide by ClO radicals was studied by ab initio molecular orbital theory calculations. Geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies were computed using two methods: Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2), and quadratic configuration interaction in the space of single and double excitations (QCISD). Single-point energy calculations were performed at the QCISD level with triple excitations treated perturbatively (QCISD(T)) and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Canonical transition state theory was used to predict the rate constants as a function of temperature (550-2500 K), and three-parameter Arrhenius expressions were obtained by fitting to the computed rate constants. The possible impact of the title reaction in combustion chemistry is also discussed.
C1 Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CERLA, CNRS, PC2A,UMR 8522,FR 2416, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Louis, F (reprint author), Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CERLA, CNRS, PC2A,UMR 8522,FR 2416, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
OI Louis, Florent/0000-0002-9533-557X
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 46
BP 9931
EP 9936
DI 10.1021/jp0348272
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 743MB
UT WOS:000186574600023
ER
PT J
AU Krause, AE
Frank, KA
Mason, DM
Ulanowicz, RE
Taylor, WW
AF Krause, AE
Frank, KA
Mason, DM
Ulanowicz, RE
Taylor, WW
TI Compartments revealed in food-web structure
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID COHESIVE SUBGROUPS; STABILITY; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY
AB Compartments(1) in food webs are subgroups of taxa in which many strong interactions occur within the subgroups and few weak interactions occur between the subgroups(2). Theoretically, compartments increase the stability in networks(1-5), such as food webs. Compartments have been difficult to detect in empirical food webs because of incompatible approaches(6-9) or insufficient methodological rigour(8,10,11). Here we show that a method for detecting compartments from the social networking science(12-14) identified significant compartments in three of five complex, empirical food webs. Detection of compartments was influenced by food web resolution, such as interactions with weights. Because the method identifies compartmental boundaries in which interactions are concentrated, it is compatible with the definition of compartments. The method is rigorous because it maximizes an explicit function, identifies the number of non-overlapping compartments, assigns membership to compartments, and tests the statistical significance of the results(12-14). A graphical presentation(14) reveals systemic relationships and taxa-specific positions as structured by compartments. From this graphic, we explore two scenarios of disturbance to develop a hypothesis for testing how compartmentalized interactions increase stability in food webs(15-17).
C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol Counseling & Special Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RP Krause, AE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RI Ulanowicz, Robert/G-1021-2013;
OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243
NR 30
TC 310
Z9 316
U1 5
U2 87
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD NOV 20
PY 2003
VL 426
IS 6964
BP 282
EP 285
DI 10.1038/nature02115
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 744YQ
UT WOS:000186660800042
PM 14628050
ER
PT J
AU Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Laszlo, I
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, BA
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
AF Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Laszlo, I
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, BA
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
TI Surface radiation budgets in support of the GEWEX Continental-Scale
International Project (GCIP) and the GEWEX Americas Prediction Project
(GAPP), including the North American Land Data Assimilation System
(NLDAS) Project
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE surface radiation budget; GCIP/GAPP; satellite radiation budgets
ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE RESEARCH; SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY
BALANCE; DATA SET; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; IRRADIANCE
AB In support of the World Climate Research Program GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) and the GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP), real-time estimates of shortwave radiative fluxes, both at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere, are being produced operationally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service using observations from GOES images. The inference scheme has been developed at the Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, and the atmospheric and surface model input parameters are produced and provided by the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The radiative fluxes are being evaluated on hourly, daily, and monthly timescales using observations at about 50 stations. The satellite estimates have been found to be within acceptable limits during snow-free periods, but the difficulty in detecting clouds over snow affects the accuracy during the winter season. In what follows, this activity is discussed, and evaluation results of the derived fluxes against ground observations for time periods of 1-2 years are presented.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Satellite Res Lab, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
NASA, Data Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Pinker, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, 2213 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM pinker@atmos.umd.edu; dan.tarpley@noaa.gov; istvan.laszlo@noaa.gov;
kenneth.mitchell@noaa.gov; houser@dao.gsfc.nasa.gov;
efwood@princeton.edu; john.schaake@noaa.gov; robock@envsci.rutgers.edu;
dlohmann@ncep.noaa.gov; brian.cosgrove@gsfc.nasa.gov;
justin@princeton.edu; qingyun.duan@noaa.gov; lluo@rutgers.edu;
wayne.higgins@noaa.gov
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Luo,
Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser,
Paul/J-9515-2013; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441;
Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 67
TC 112
Z9 115
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 19
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8844
DI 10.1029/2002JD003301
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749BK
UT WOS:000186898600002
ER
PT J
AU Carrico, CM
Kus, P
Rood, MJ
Quinn, PK
Bates, TS
AF Carrico, CM
Kus, P
Rood, MJ
Quinn, PK
Bates, TS
TI Mixtures of pollution, dust, sea salt, and volcanic aerosol during
ACE-Asia: Radiative properties as a function of relative humidity
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE optical properties; radiative forcing; climate forcing; light
scattering; single scattering albedo; relative humidity; mineral dust
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LIGHT-SCATTERING;
HYGROSCOPIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AMBIENT AEROSOL;
AIR-POLLUTION; CLIMATE; ATLANTIC; SIZE
AB [1] The Ron Brown cruise during ACE-Asia (March-April 2001) encountered complex aerosol that at times was dominated by marine, polluted, volcanic, and dust aerosols. Average total light scattering coefficients (sigma(sp) for D-p < 10 mu m, relative humidity (RH) = 19%, and (lambda) = 550 nm) ranged from 23 (marine) to 181 Mm(-1) (dust). Aerosol hygroscopicity ranged from deliquescent with hysteresis ( marine frequently and polluted variably) to hygroscopic without hysteresis ( volcanic) to nearly hygrophobic ( dust-dominated). Average deliquescence and crystallization RH were 77 +/- 2% and 42 +/- 3%, respectively. The ambient aerosol was typically on the upper branch of the hysteresis loop for marine and polluted air masses and the lower branch for dust-dominated aerosols. Average f (RH = ambient), defined as sigma(sp) (RH = ambient)/sigma(sp) (RH = 19%), ranged from 1.25 ( dust) to 2.88 ( volcanic). Average h( RH - 60%), defined as f ( RH)(upper) (branch)/ f ( RH) lower branch, were 1.6, 1.3, 1, and 1.25 for marine, polluted, volcanic, and dust, demonstrating an importance of hysteresis to optical properties. Hemispheric backscatter fraction (b) at ambient RH ranged from 0.077 ( marine) to 0.111 ( dust), while single scattering albedo (pi) at ambient RH ranged from 0.94 (dust and polluted) to 0.99 ( marine).
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Carrico, CM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM carrico@lamar.colostate.edu; pinarkus@uiuc.edu; mrood@uiuc.edu;
patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov; tim.bates@noaa.gov
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
NR 43
TC 137
Z9 143
U1 5
U2 41
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 18
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D23
AR 8650
DI 10.1029/2003JD003405
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 749BN
UT WOS:000186898900001
ER
PT J
AU Churchill, JH
Manning, JP
Beardsley, RC
AF Churchill, JH
Manning, JP
Beardsley, RC
TI Slope water intrusions onto Georges Bank
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE shelf-edge exchange; slope water intrusions; intrusions onto Georges
Bank
ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SALINITY MAXIMUM; SHELFBREAK FRONT; EXCHANGE;
LARVAE; FISH; EDDY
AB Data from moored instruments and hydrographic cruises of the U.S. GLOBEC NW Atlantic/Georges Bank program reveal a series of intrusions of high-salinity water extending onto the southern flank of Georges Bank during the spring and summer of 1995. On the basis of the layer of maximum salinity, these intrusions may be divided into three different types: near surface, near bottom, and pycnocline. The water mass and flow structure of all intrusions are highly variable, owing partly to wind-driven motions and partly to meanders and eddies formed along the front of the intruding water. The mooring data of May clearly show the passage of two cyclonic features, each with a core of intruding water. While the intrusions are shown to dominate the flux of high-salinity water onto the southern flank, the data examined offer no evidence that intrusions enhance nutrient concentrations over the southern flank.
C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Churchill, JH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 24
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 18
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C11
AR 8012
DI 10.1029/2002JC001400
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 749BQ
UT WOS:000186899100003
ER
PT J
AU Cheggour, N
Ekin, JW
Clickner, CC
Verebelyi, DT
Thieme, CLH
Feenstra, R
Goyal, A
AF Cheggour, N
Ekin, JW
Clickner, CC
Verebelyi, DT
Thieme, CLH
Feenstra, R
Goyal, A
TI Reversible axial-strain effect and extended strain limits in Y-Ba-Cu-O
coatings on deformation-textured substrates
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; STRESS; FILMS; YBA2CU3O7; NI
AB The dependence of transport critical-current density J(c) on axial tensile strain epsilon was measured at 76 K and self-magnetic field for YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coatings on buffered, deformation-textured substrates of pure Ni, Ni-5-at. %-W, and Ni-10-at. %-Cr-2-at. %-W. Expectations have been that the strain tolerance of these composites would be limited by the relatively low yield strains of the deformation-textured substrates, typically less than 0.2%. However, results show that the irreversible degradation of J(c)(epsilon) occurs at a strain equal to about twice the yield strain of the substrate. Therefore, YBCO/Ni-alloy composites may satisfy axial-strain performance requirements for electric devices, including the most demanding applications, motors and generators in which a strain tolerance exceeding 0.25% is needed. Furthermore, the YBCO/Ni-5-at. %-W conductors showed a reversible strain effect, which may be induced by a reversible strain-field broadening around mismatch dislocations at the grain boundaries. This effect may contribute to the unexpectedly large usable strain range of these conductors. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
NR 12
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 17
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 20
BP 4223
EP 4225
DI 10.1063/1.1628818
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 742NF
UT WOS:000186523400048
ER
PT J
AU Dunkers, JP
Cicerone, MT
Washburn, NR
AF Dunkers, JP
Cicerone, MT
Washburn, NR
TI Collinear optical coherence and confocal fluorescence microscopies for
tissue engineering
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID TOMOGRAPHY; CELLS
AB Tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs) are often three-dimensional (3D) hybrid materials consisting of a porous scaffold upon which the tissue is grown. However, monitoring of the developing tissue deep within the scaffold is hampered by its turbidity. We have sought new ways to probe the interior of the scaffold with the same resolution as conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy but with greater sensitivity. We present a novel application of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) by combining it with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) to gather simultaneous structural and functional information on TEMPs in a registered fashion. In this work, we describe the collinear OCM and CFM instrument. We demonstrate the utility of this dual-mode technique for TEMPs by imaging fluorescently stained osteoblasts cultured in a polymeric TEMP.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 13
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 9
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD NOV 17
PY 2003
VL 11
IS 23
BP 3074
EP 3079
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 744PP
UT WOS:000186641100009
PM 19471428
ER
PT J
AU Chann, B
Babcock, E
Anderson, LW
Walker, TG
Chen, WC
Smith, TB
Thompson, AK
Gentile, TR
AF Chann, B
Babcock, E
Anderson, LW
Walker, TG
Chen, WC
Smith, TB
Thompson, AK
Gentile, TR
TI Production of highly polarized He-3 using spectrally narrowed diode
laser array bars
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-EXCHANGE; GAS; XE-129; XENON; RB; FILTER
AB We have produced 70%-75% He-3 polarization by spin-exchange optical pumping in cells approximate to100 cm(3) in volume. The polarization achieved is consistent with known spin-exchange and spin-relaxation rates, but only when the recently discovered temperature dependence of He-3 relaxation is included. Absolute He-3 polarization measurements were performed using two different methods in two different laboratories. The results were obtained with either a spectrally narrowed laser or one type of broadband laser. Based on tests of several larger cells at pressures near 1 bar, we find that the power required to reach the same polarization is typically three times lower for the spectrally narrowed laser. This last result indicates that spectrally narrowed lasers will be important for obtaining the highest polarization in large volume neutron spin filters. Polarization in excess of 55% as obtained in cells up to 640 cm(3) in volume and 70% polarization is anticipated with available increases in spectrally narrowed laser power. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chann, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014
OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351
NR 28
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 94
IS 10
BP 6908
EP 6914
DI 10.1063/1.1621739
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 738FT
UT WOS:000186276600105
ER
PT J
AU Takagi, S
Chow, LC
Hirayama, S
Sugawara, A
AF Takagi, S
Chow, LC
Hirayama, S
Sugawara, A
TI Premixed calcium-phosphate cement pastes
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE bone-graft materials; calcium-phosphate cement; diametral tensile
strength; hydroxyapatite; premixed pastes
AB A self-hardening calcium-phosphate cement (CPC) containing Ca-4(PO4)(2)O and CaHPO4 has been shown in clinical studies to be efficacious for repairing bone defects. This and several other similar CPCs harden in 10 min with the use of a phosphate solution as the liquid and form hydroxyapatite (HA) as the product. The present study investigated the properties of water-free, glycerol-containing CPC pastes that are stable in the package and would harden only after being delivered to a defect site where glycerol-tissue fluids exchange occurs. Premixed CPC pastes were prepared by combining cement liquids containing glycerol and various amounts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/Na2HPO4, with CPC powders that contained (1) Ca-4(PO4)(2)O and CaHPO4, (2) alpha-Ca-3(PO4)(2) and CaCO3, or (3) CaHPO4 and Ca(OH)(2). The hardening times and 1-d and 7-d diametral tensile strengths were measured on samples that hardened in an in vitro model that allowed exchange of glycerol and physiologic-like solution (PLS) through fritted glass slides at 37 degreesC. All pastes had excellent washout resistance; they remained intact and hardened while immersed in PLS and formed HA as products. Newman-Keulls multiple comparison tests indicated that the Na2HPO4 amount, not the hydroxypropyl methyllcellulose (HMC) amount, significantly (P < 0.05) affected the strength and hardening time. Although the premixed CPCs generally have longer hardening times and lower strengths, these pastes have excellent washout resistance before hardening and can be prepared in advance under well-controlled conditions. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Nihon Univ, Sch Dent Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Tokyo 101, Japan.
RP Takagi, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789]
NR 15
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 11
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0021-9304
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 67B
IS 2
BP 689
EP 696
DI 10.1002/jbm.b.10065
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 739LG
UT WOS:000186347100003
PM 14598395
ER
PT J
AU Fang, HW
Hsu, SM
Sengers, JV
AF Fang, HW
Hsu, SM
Sengers, JV
TI Generation of narrowly distributed ultra-high-molecular-weight
polyethylene particles by surface texturing techniques
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE UHMWPE; wear particles; surface texture; particle distribution;
microfabrication
ID WEAR PARTICLES; KNEE REPLACEMENTS; HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; IN-VITRO; DEBRIS;
OSTEOLYSIS; SIZE; MACROPHAGES; INTERFACE; FRICTION
AB Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles have been recognized as the cause of aseptic loosening in total joint replacement. Macrophage phagocytosis of wear particles induces human biological/physiological responses which eventually lead to bone resorption and osteolysis. However, the dependence of these reactions on the size and shape of the particles has not been elucidated and is not understood. This article describes a procedure to generate narrowly distributed UHMWPE particles of controlled size and shape through surface texturing by microfabrication. The textured surface is then used to rub against the polymer pins to produce wear particles in water. The surface texture produces elongated particles or equiaxed particles by design. The distribution of the particles, due to the surface-texture control, is quite narrow as compared with randomly produced surfaces. With this technique, we are able to generate UHMWPE wear particles of different size and shape within phagocytosable and nonphagocytosable populations for biological response studies. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomechan Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Hsu, SM (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomechan Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 5
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0021-9304
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 67B
IS 2
BP 741
EP 749
DI 10.1002/jbm.b.10067
PG 9
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 739LG
UT WOS:000186347100009
PM 14598401
ER
PT J
AU Nizkorodov, SA
Ziemkiewicz, M
Myers, TL
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Nizkorodov, SA
Ziemkiewicz, M
Myers, TL
Nesbitt, DJ
TI Vibrationally mediated dissociation dynamics of H2O in the v(OH)=2
polyad
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 1ST ABSORPTION-BAND; STATE-RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION; CROSS-SECTIONS;
193 NM; STRETCHING VIBRATIONS; EXCITED WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; BOND; HOD;
OH
AB Vibrationally mediated photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled H2O in the v(OH)=2 polyad is studied in a supersonic slit jet expansion. Single rotational states within \02>(-) (equivalent tonu(1)+nu(3) in normal mode notation), \02>(+)(equivalent to2nu(1)), \11>(+)(equivalent to2nu(3)), and \01(-)2>(equivalent tonu(3)+2nu(2)) vibrational states of H2O are selectively prepared with near IR overtone pumping, photodissociated at 193 nm, and the resulting nascent internal state distribution of OH fragments probed via laser induced fluorescence. Strong oscillations in rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doublet distributions are observed, often in remarkably close agreement with H2O state-to-state photodissociation studies from both higher and lower v(OH) polyads. The influence of initially excited bending and J(K a K c) levels of H2O on spin-orbit, Lambda-doublet, and rotational distributions of OH is examined in detail. Several new dynamical trends are identified, for example, a clear propensity at high N for a strong Lambda(+) versus Lambda(-) inversion in the Pi(3/2) spin-orbit manifold, which reverses in the Pi(1/2) manifold, suggesting spin-orbit sensitive stereodynamics in the ejection process. Furthermore, the results highlight significant differences in photodissociation dynamics from gerade (e.g., \02>(+)) versus ungerade (e.g., \02>(-)) vibrational states, specifically with respect to OH(v=1)/OH(v=0) branching ratios, and signaling a breakdown of the "spectator" model at low vibrational excitation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nizkorodov, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RI Nizkorodov, Sergey/I-4120-2014
OI Nizkorodov, Sergey/0000-0003-0891-0052
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 19
BP 10158
EP 10168
DI 10.1063/1.1616915
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 738EF
UT WOS:000186273200021
ER
PT J
AU Wladkowski, BD
Ostazeski, P
Chenoweth, S
Broadwater, SJ
Krauss, M
AF Wladkowski, BD
Ostazeski, P
Chenoweth, S
Broadwater, SJ
Krauss, M
TI Hydrolysis of cyclic phosphates by ribonuclease A: A computational study
using a simplified ab initio quantum model
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ribonuclease; phosphate hydrolysis; computational; enzyme reaction
ID BASE-CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; MARGINALLY STABLE INTERMEDIATE; METHYL
ETHYLENE PHOSPHATE; OXYPHOSPHORANE INTERMEDIATE; DIMETHYL-PHOSPHATE;
MECHANISM; CLEAVAGE; RNA; ENERGETICS; ABINITIO
AB The second step in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphate esters by ribonuclease A (RNase A) was studied using an ab initio quantum-based model of the active site including constrained parts of three critical residues, His-12, His-119, and Lys-41, and a small substrate. The competition between release of the cyclic phosphate intermediate and subsequent hydrolysis following transphosphorylation was explored to determine the electronic factors that contribute to preferential intermediate product release observed experimentally. The structural and energetic results obtained at both the RHF and MP2 levels reveal several contributing factors consistent with experimental observation. Although the intrinsic electronic effects tend to favor hydrolysis slightly with an overall activation free energy of approximately 70 kJ mol(-1), entropic and environmental effects favor release of the cyclic phosphate intermediate over hydrolysis. Exploration of the second, hydrolysis step also revealed interesting similarity with the transphosphorylation step, including the observation of autocatalysis by the substrate. Moreover, both steps of the overall RNase A reaction reveal multiple pathways involving proton transfers to sites of similar proton affinities. The anionic phosphate in both steps can act as a stable proton binding site as protons are moved around the active site throughout the progress of the reaction. These results suggest autocatalysis may be representative of more general behavior in enzymes containing highly charged substrates, especially phosphates. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 McDaniel Coll, Dept Chem, Westminster, MD 21157 USA.
NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Wladkowski, BD (reprint author), McDaniel Coll, Dept Chem, 2 Coll Hill, Westminster, MD 21157 USA.
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0192-8651
J9 J COMPUT CHEM
JI J. Comput. Chem.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 14
BP 1803
EP 1811
DI 10.1002/jcc.10331
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 726XJ
UT WOS:000185626600012
PM 12964199
ER
PT J
AU Davis, DD
Chen, G
Crawford, JH
Liu, S
Tan, D
Sandholm, ST
Jing, P
Cunnold, DM
DiNunno, B
Browell, EV
Grant, WB
Fenn, MA
Anderson, BE
Barrick, JD
Sachse, GW
Vay, SA
Hudgins, CH
Avery, MA
Lefer, B
Shetter, RE
Heikes, BG
Blake, DR
Blake, N
Kondo, Y
Oltmans, S
AF Davis, DD
Chen, G
Crawford, JH
Liu, S
Tan, D
Sandholm, ST
Jing, P
Cunnold, DM
DiNunno, B
Browell, EV
Grant, WB
Fenn, MA
Anderson, BE
Barrick, JD
Sachse, GW
Vay, SA
Hudgins, CH
Avery, MA
Lefer, B
Shetter, RE
Heikes, BG
Blake, DR
Blake, N
Kondo, Y
Oltmans, S
TI An assessment of western North Pacific ozone photochemistry based on
springtime observations from NASA's PEM-West B (1994) and TRACE-P (2001)
field studies
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE TRACE-P; ozone; Pacific Rim
ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; POTENTIAL VORTICITY;
SEASONAL-VARIATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR;
STRATOSPHERE
AB The current study provides a comparison of the photochemical environments for two NASA field studies focused on the western North Pacific (PEM-West-B (PWB) and TRACE-P (TP)). These two studies were separated in calendar time by approximately 7 years. Both studies were carried out under springtime conditions, with PWB being launched in 1994 and TP being deployed in 2001 (i.e., 23 February-15 March 1994 and 10 March-15 April 2001, respectively). Because of the 7-year time separation, these two studies presented a unique scientific opportunity to assess whether evidence could be found to support the Department of Energy's projections in 1997 that increases in anthropogenic emissions from East Asia could reach 5%/yr. Such projections would lead one to the conclusion that a significant shift in the atmospheric photochemical properties of the western North Pacific would occur. To the contrary, the findings from this study support the most recent emission inventory data [Streets et al., 2003] in that they show no significant systematic trend involving increases in any O-3 precursor species and no evidence for a significant shift in the level of photochemical activity over the western North Pacific. This conclusion was reached in spite of there being real differences in the concentration levels of some species as well as differences in photochemical activity between PWB and TP. However, nearly all of these differences were shown to be a result of a near 3-week shift in TP's sampling window relative to PWB, thus placing it later in the spring season. The photochemical enhancements seen during TP were most noticeable for latitudes in the range of 25-45degreesN. Most important among these were increases in J((OD)-D-1), OH, and HO2 and values for photochemical ozone formation and destruction, all of which were typically two times larger than those calculated for PWB. A comparison of these airborne results with ozonesonde data from four Japanese stations provided further evidence showing that the 3-week shift in the respective sampling windows of PWB and TP was a likely cause for the differences seen in O-3 levels and in photochemical activity between the two airborne studies.
C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan.
NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Davis, DD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, ES&T Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu; gao.chen@eas.gatech.edu;
j.h.crawford@larc.nasa.gov; shawliu@earth.sinica.edu.tw;
scott.sandholm@eas.gatech.edu; pjing@eas.gatech.edu;
cunnold@eas.gatech.edu; bdinunno@eas.gatech.edu;
e.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov; w.b.grant@larc.nasa.gov;
m.a.fenn@larc.nasa.gov; b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov;
j.d.barrick@larc.nasa.gov; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov;
c.h.hudgins@larc.nasa.gov; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; lefer@ucar.edu;
shetter@ucar.edu; drblake@uci.edu; nblake@uci.edu;
soltmans@cmdl.noaa.gov
RI Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Grant, William/B-8311-2009; Crawford,
James/L-6632-2013; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012
OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934;
Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495
NR 44
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D21
AR 8829
DI 10.1029/2002JD003232
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VM
UT WOS:000186653600005
ER
PT J
AU Gilman, JW
Bourbigot, S
Shields, JR
Nyden, M
Kashiwagi, T
Davis, RD
Vanderhart, DL
Demory, W
Wilkie, CA
Morgan, AB
Harris, J
Lyon, RE
AF Gilman, JW
Bourbigot, S
Shields, JR
Nyden, M
Kashiwagi, T
Davis, RD
Vanderhart, DL
Demory, W
Wilkie, CA
Morgan, AB
Harris, J
Lyon, RE
TI High throughput methods for polymer nanocomposites research: Extrusion,
NMR characterization and flammability property screening
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; COMBINATORIAL METHODS; CLAY
NANOCOMPOSITES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; STABILITY; COMPOSITES; DISPERSION;
BEHAVIOR; SINGLE; HYBRID
AB A large number of parameters influence polymer-nanocomposite performance and developing a detailed understanding of these materials involves investigation of a large volume of the associated multi-dimensional property space. This multi-dimensional parameter space for polymer-nanocomposites consists of the obvious list of different material types under consideration, such as "polymer" and "nano-additive," but also includes interphase surface chemistry, and processing conditions. This article presents combinatorial library design and high-throughput screening methods for polymer nanocomposites intended as flame-resistant materials. Here, we present the results of using a twin-screwn extruder to create composition-gradient library strips of polymer nanocomposites that are screened with a solid-state NMR method to rapidly evaluate the optimal processing conditions for achieving nanocomposite dispersion. In addition, we present a comparison of a new rapid Cone calorimetry method to conventional Cone calorimetry and to the gradient heat-flux flame spread method. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Ecole Natl Arts & Ind Text, Lab Genie & Mat Text, Roubaix, France.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA.
Dow Chem Co USA, Corp R&D, Midland, MI 48674 USA.
FAA, Fire Res Branch, Ctr Tech, Atlantic City, NJ USA.
RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009;
OI Bourbigot, Serge/0000-0003-1536-2015
NR 39
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 22
BP 4451
EP 4460
DI 10.1023/A:1027369115480
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 738KJ
UT WOS:000186285500004
ER
PT J
AU Granick, S
Kumar, SK
Amis, EJ
Antonietti, M
Balazs, AC
Chakraborty, AK
Grest, GS
Hawker, CJ
Janmey, P
Kramer, EJ
Nuzzo, R
Russell, TP
Safinya, CR
AF Granick, S
Kumar, SK
Amis, EJ
Antonietti, M
Balazs, AC
Chakraborty, AK
Grest, GS
Hawker, CJ
Janmey, P
Kramer, EJ
Nuzzo, R
Russell, TP
Safinya, CR
TI Macromolecules at surfaces: Research challenges and opportunities from
tribology to biology
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE anionic polymerization; biopolymers; block copolymers; colloids;
dendrimers; diffusion; gels; glass transition; hyperbranched;
interfaces; kinetics; lamellar; lattice models; mechanical properties;
metathesis; microgels; molecular dynamics; molecular modeling; Monte
Carlo simulation; nanocomposites; neutron reflectivity; neutron
scattering; SAXS; self-assembly; self-organization; shear; simulations;
structure; surfaces; supramolecular structure; synthesis; theory; thin
films; viscosity; viscoelastic properties; X-ray
ID CATIONIC-LIPID COMPLEXES; SLIP BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TRANSFER RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HYDROPHILIC
BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY;
MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS
AB A comprehensive review of ongoing and recommended research directions concerning the structure, dynamics, and interfacial activity of synthetic and naturally occurring macromolecules at the solid-liquid interface is presented. Many new developments stem from the ability to target new size regimes of 1-100 nm. These rapid developments are reviewed critically with respect to chemical synthesis, processing, structural characterization, dynamic processes, and theoretical and computational analysis. The common problems shared by flat and particulate sur-faces are emphasized. A broad spectrum of material properties are discussed, from the control of interfacial friction between surfaces in moving contact, to the mechanical strength and durability of the interfaces in hybrid materials, to optical and electronic properties. Future-research opportunities are identified that involve (1) the emergence of nanoscale material properties, (2) polymer-assisted nanostructures, and (3) the crossroads between interfacial science and biological and bioinspired applications. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, Golm, Germany.
Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
Univ Penn, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Biomol Sci & Engn Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Granick, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RI Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011;
OI Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X; Safinya, Cyrus/0000-0002-3295-7128
NR 276
TC 138
Z9 140
U1 10
U2 156
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0887-6266
EI 1099-0488
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 41
IS 22
BP 2755
EP 2793
DI 10.1002/polb.10669
PG 39
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 738JD
UT WOS:000186282700001
ER
PT J
AU Holmes, GA
McDonough, WG
Dunkers, JP
Han, CC
AF Holmes, GA
McDonough, WG
Dunkers, JP
Han, CC
TI Interaction between matrix cracks in E-glass/epoxy two-dimensional
multi-fiber-array model composites
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE fiber-fiber interactions; failure; optical coherence tomography;
composites; fibers; fracture; thermosets
ID MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY;
STRESS-CONCENTRATIONS; FAILURE PHENOMENA; GRAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITES;
CARBON NANOTUBES; GLASS-FIBER; MICROCOMPOSITES; REDISTRIBUTION;
MONOLAYERS
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Multiphase Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Multiphase Mat Grp, Bldg 224,Room B108,100 Bur Dr Stop 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 37
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 41
IS 22
BP 2976
EP 2981
DI 10.1002/polb.10468
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 738JD
UT WOS:000186282700019
ER
PT J
AU Clough, RB
Webb, SC
Armstrong, RW
AF Clough, RB
Webb, SC
Armstrong, RW
TI Dynamic hardness measurements using a dropped ball: with application to
1018 steel
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE dynamic hardness; steel; dropped ball; strain hardening; ballistic;
impact; projectile; plasticity
ID METALS; IMPACT; STRAIN
AB A practical method for measuring the hardness of metals at high strain rates (> 10(3) s(-1)), using a dropped ball, is developed and demonstrated on cold-rolled plain carbon (1018) steel. The metal is assumed to be one-dimensional and rigid plastic. By formulating the problem in terms of the lateral, rather than the depth, dimensions of the indentation, the dynamic hardness can be obtained at load, obviating the need for rebound energy corrections. In addition, the Tabor strain equation relating to equivalent unidirectional compression is derived, and methods are also derived to include "piling-up" around indentations for plastic flow at constant volume. A previously unrecognized phenomenon that can occur in projectile indentation of metals, "ballistic strain softening", is described. It is related to the fact that the dynamic hardness obtained by this test is a function of the ball radius times the strain rate divided by the strain. As a result, comparison of the dropped ball test flow stress data with those of constant strain rate tests requires a transform of the Tabor strain and strain rate data to constant strain rate conditions. When this is done, the dynamic yield stress data that are determined as a function of the effective strain rates agree with comparable published data for mild steel obtained using more conventional tests. The results also show that there is greatly enhanced strain hardening in irons and steels above a critical strain rate, which increases with purity. A dislocation model is used to explain this increase in terms of an additional dislocation generation mechanism coming into play. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Instron Corp, Wilson Instruments, Canton, MA 02021 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Clough, RB (reprint author), 782 Azalea Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 360
IS 1-2
BP 396
EP 407
DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00499-4
PG 12
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 729UP
UT WOS:000185793500053
ER
PT J
AU Fortier, TM
Jones, DJ
Cundiff, ST
AF Fortier, TM
Jones, DJ
Cundiff, ST
TI Phase stabilization of an octave-spanning Ti : sapphire laser
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; CONTINUUM GENERATION; PULSES; OSCILLATOR
AB We obtain direct stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase for a standard x-folded geometry, octave-spanning, Ti:sapphire laser. The in-loop accumulated carrier-envelope phase error is 0.175 rad (1.65 mHz to 102 kHz). Intracavity continuum generation, which is responsible for the octave bandwidth, is characterized through measurement of the beam parameters. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Jones, David/F-5859-2017
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197;
NR 13
TC 75
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 9
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD NOV 15
PY 2003
VL 28
IS 22
BP 2198
EP 2200
DI 10.1364/OL.28.002198
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 740AR
UT WOS:000186379100020
PM 14649940
ER
PT J
AU Black, RA
Heymsfield, GM
Hallett, J
AF Black, RA
Heymsfield, GM
Hallett, J
TI Extra large particle images at 12 km in a hurricane eyewall: Evidence of
high-altitude supercooled water?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE
AB The conventional wisdom about hurricanes suggests that updrafts are weak and supercooled water is scarce in the eyewall, and almost non-existent at temperatures colder than about -5degreesC [Black and Hallett, 1986]. However, there is evidence that some hurricanes are different. Questions about the existence of high-altitude supercooled cloud water cannot be answered with only the instruments aboard the typical propeller-driven aircraft. During the summer of 1998, the NASA DC-8 aircraft made penetrations of the intensifying eyewall of Hurricane Bonnie at 12 km MSL, collecting the first truly high-altitude 2-D particle imagery in a hurricane. The similarity of the splash images in Hurricane Bonnie to those from raindrops obtained at higher temperatures in other hurricanes suggests that the large images obtained by the DC-8 were soft, low density graupel, rather than hard, high-density graupel particles or frozen raindrops. This implies that these particles grew to several millimeters in diameter at altitude, rather than simply advecting from lower, warmer altitudes. This growth in turn requires the presence of deeply supercooled cloud droplets. Thermal emission from supercooled water aloft increases the microwave brightness temperatures, giving a misleading impression that there is much less ice aloft than actually exists. The extra attenuation from the occasional presence of large graupel at these altitudes reduces the ability of microwave sensors to see precipitation at lower altitudes. Both of these effects impede efforts to accurately quantify condensate mass remotely from radiometric data such as that provided by the TRMM satellite.
C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP Black, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Black, Robert/C-9617-2009
OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 21
AR 2124
DI 10.1029/2003GL017864
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 744UU
UT WOS:000186651900001
ER
PT J
AU de Gouw, JA
Goldan, PD
Warneke, C
Kuster, WC
Roberts, JM
Marchewka, M
Bertman, SB
Pszenny, AAP
Keene, WC
AF de Gouw, JA
Goldan, PD
Warneke, C
Kuster, WC
Roberts, JM
Marchewka, M
Bertman, SB
Pszenny, AAP
Keene, WC
TI Validation of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)
measurements of gas-phase organic compounds in the atmosphere during the
New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in 2002
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE VOC measurements; PTR-MS; intercomparison
ID ION-FLOW TUBE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 1999 SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS;
METHYL VINYL KETONE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; AMBIENT AIR; ANTHROPOGENIC
SOURCES; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRACE GASES
AB [1] Organic compounds were measured by proton transfer reaction- mass spectrometry ( PTR- MS) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's research ship Ronald H. Brown during the New England Air Quality Study ( NEAQS) in July and August of 2002. PTR- MS has the potential to measure many important organic species with a fast time response, but its validity has not been proven sufficiently. The results obtained by PTR- MS during NEAQS were compared with those from ( oxygenated) hydrocarbon measurements by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry ( GC- MS), peroxyacyl nitrate measurements by gas chromatography/ electron capture detection, and carboxylic acid measurements by mist chamber/ ion chromatography. The PTR- MS and GC- MS data for methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, isoprene, benzene, and toluene agreed within the measurement uncertainties. The comparison for C-8 aromatics and acetaldehyde was less quantitative due to calibration inaccuracies. In addition, PTR- MS measured the sum of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein at 71 amu, the sum of C-9 aromatics at 121 amu, and the sum of monoterpenes at 81 and 137 amu. The PTR- MS signal at 61 amu was found to correlate well with data for acetic acid. The signal at 73 amu correlated reasonably well with methyl ethyl ketone data, but the quantitative disagreement suggested interference from other species, possibly methyl glyoxal. The signal at 77 amu correlated well with data for peroxyacetyl nitrate, and the sensitivity inferred from the field data agreed within 30% with the results from laboratory calibrations. Finally, the signal at 105 amu was attributed to styrene and peroxy isobutyryl nitrate. These results prove that many important organic species can be measured accurately and with a fast response time by PTR- MS.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
Mt Washington Observ, N Conway, NH 03860 USA.
Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth, Durnham, NH USA.
Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jdegouw@al.noaa.gov)
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588
NR 40
TC 113
Z9 114
U1 3
U2 47
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D21
AR 4682
DI 10.1029/2003JD003863
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VH
UT WOS:000186653200005
ER
PT J
AU Huebert, BJ
Bates, T
Russell, PB
Shi, GY
Kim, YJ
Kawamura, K
Carmichael, G
Nakajima, T
AF Huebert, BJ
Bates, T
Russell, PB
Shi, GY
Kim, YJ
Kawamura, K
Carmichael, G
Nakajima, T
TI An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships
between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Asia; aerosols; radiative forcing
ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SOIL DUST AEROSOL; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO;
INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; EAST CHINA SEA;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ELEMENTAL CARBON
AB The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Program (IGAC) has conducted a series of Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE) that integrate in situ measurements, satellite observations, and models to reduce the uncertainty in calculations of the climate forcing due to aerosol particles. ACE-Asia, the fourth in this series of experiments, consisted of two focused components: (1) An intensive field study that sought to quantify the spatial and vertical distribution of aerosol concentrations and properties, the processes controlling their formation, evolution, and fate, and the column-integrated radiative effect of the aerosol (late March through May 2001). (2) A longer-term network of ground stations that used in situ and column-integrated measurements to quantify the chemical, physical, and optical properties of aerosols in the ACE-Asia study area and to assess their spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability (2000-2003). The approach of the ACE-Asia science team was to make simultaneous measurements of aerosol chemical, physical, and optical properties and their radiative impacts in a variety of air masses, often coordinated with satellite overpasses. Three aircraft, two research ships, a network of lidars, and many surface sites gathered data on Asian aerosols. Chemical transport models (CTMs) were integrated into the program from the start, being used in a forecast mode during the intensive observation period to identify promising areas for airborne and ship observations and then later as tools for integrating observations. The testing and improvement of a wide range of aerosol models (including microphysical, radiative transfer, CTM, and global climate models) was one important way in which we assessed our understanding of the properties and controlling processes of Asian aerosols. We describe here the scientific goals and objectives of the ACE-Asia experiment, its observational strategies, the types of observations made by the mobile platforms and stationary sites, the models that will integrate our understanding of the climatic effect of aerosol particles, and the types of data that have been generated. Eight scientific questions focus the discussion. The intensive observations took place during a season of unusually heavy dust, so we have a large suite of observations of dust and its interaction with air pollutants. Further information about ACE-Asia can be found on the project Web site at http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/.
C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Adv Environm Monitoring Res Ctr, Kwangju 500712, South Korea.
Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan.
Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA.
Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
RP Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM huebert@hawaii.edu; bates@pmel.noaa.gov; prussell@mail.arc.nasa.gov;
shigy@mail.iap.ac.cn; yjkim@kjist.ac.kr; kawamura@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp;
gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; teruyuki@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp
RI Kawamura, Kimitaka/B-3839-2011; Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Bates,
Timothy/L-6080-2016
OI Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X;
NR 100
TC 507
Z9 534
U1 11
U2 54
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D23
AR 8633
DI 10.1029/2003JD003550
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VW
UT WOS:000186654400001
ER
PT J
AU Maruyama, N
Watanabe, S
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
AF Maruyama, N
Watanabe, S
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
TI Dynamic and energetic coupling in the equatorial ionosphere and
thermosphere
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ionosphere-thermosphere interactions; ion drag; equatorial ionospheres;
thermospheric dynamics-energetics interactions; numerical simulations
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDNIGHT TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM; LOW-LATITUDE
THERMOSPHERE; VERTICAL ION DRIFTS; WIND ANOMALY ETWA; F-REGION; PLASMA
DRIFTS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATION; TIDES
AB [1] A three- dimensional coupled model of the global ionosphere and thermosphere has been used to examine the importance of ion drag parallel to the geomagnetic field, on the equatorial wind and temperature structure. Simulations performed at equinox, moderate solar activity ( F-10.7 = 150), and geomagnetically quiet condition ( Ap = 7) show that the model reproduces the general observed structures of the global ionosphere and thermosphere. Comparison between the model results and satellite observations confirms that ion drag plays a significant role in the zonal momentum balance and superrotation of the Earth's upper atmosphere at equatorial latitudes. The results also suggested that ion drag parallel to the field lines, in the vicinity of a pronounced Equatorial Ionization Anomaly, has a significant impact on the latitudinal structure of the equatorial neutral wind and temperature structure. Note that the impact of parallel ion drag on the wind and temperature structure has not been evaluated previously. The model simulations show that the ion motion parallel to the field lines acts as a source of momentum to the neutral atmosphere. It is well established that after being transported upward by electric fields at the magnetic equator, plasma falls along the inclined field lines either side. The simulations indicate that collisions between the falling plasma and neutrals impart a small momentum source forcing poleward winds away from the magnetic equator. The neutral wind in turn transports momentum and energy and produces adiabatic changes that alter the meridional temperature structure. The results show that the impact of parallel ion drag must be considered in any comprehensive analysis of dynamics and energy coupling of the equatorial ionosphere and thermosphere and is important when interpreting observations of equatorial wind and temperature features, such as ETWA or MTM.
C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
Univ Colorado, NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM naomi@ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp; shw@ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp;
tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov
RI Watanabe, Shigeto/A-4305-2012
NR 55
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 108
IS A11
AR 1396
DI 10.1029/2002JA009599
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 744XM
UT WOS:000186658200001
ER
PT J
AU Santos, JP
Parente, F
Kim, YK
AF Santos, JP
Parente, F
Kim, YK
TI Cross sections for K-shell ionization of atoms by electron impact
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRAC-FOCK CALCULATIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHARGED PARTICLES;
BINDING-ENERGIES; DEUTSCH-MARK; IONS; MOLECULES; BOMBARDMENT
AB The relativistic version of the binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) model is used to calculate cross sections for K-shell ionization of atoms by electron impact. The BEB model requires only two atomic constants, the binding energy and kinetic energy of the K electrons. These constants are listed for carbon to antimony. Comparisons with available experimental data on N, O, Na, Al, Cl, Ca, Cu, Se and Sb show good agreement. The K-shell ionization cross sections for C, Mg, P, S, Cr, As and Cd are tabulated.
C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Fis, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal.
Univ Nova Lisboa, Ctr Fis Atom, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal.
Univ Lisbon, Dept Fis, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal.
Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Atom, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Santos, JP (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Fis, Avenida Prof Gama Pinto 2, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal.
RI Santos, Jose Paulo/F-4186-2010;
OI Santos, Jose Paulo/0000-0002-5890-0971; Parente,
Fernando/0000-0003-4703-0066
NR 60
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 36
IS 21
BP 4211
EP 4224
AR PII S0953-4075(03)61866-3
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/36/21/002
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750KG
UT WOS:000186989400008
ER
PT J
AU Karoly, DJ
Braganza, K
Stott, PA
Arblaster, JM
Meehl, GA
Broccoli, AJ
Dixon, KW
AF Karoly, DJ
Braganza, K
Stott, PA
Arblaster, JM
Meehl, GA
Broccoli, AJ
Dixon, KW
TI Detection of a human influence on North American climate
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; SURFACE; VARIABILITY;
INDEXES
AB Several indices of large-scale patterns of surface temperature variation were used to investigate climate change in North America over the 20th century. The observed variability of these indices was simulated well by a number of climate models. Comparison of index trends in observations and model simulations shows that North American temperature changes from 1950 to 1999 were unlikely to be due to natural climate variation alone. Observed trends over this period are consistent with simulations that include anthropogenic forcing from increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols. However, most of the observed warming from 1900 to 1949 was likely due to natural climate variation.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
Hadley Ctr, MetOff, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Karoly, DJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; Dixon,
Keith/L-7120-2015; Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010; Stott,
Peter/N-1228-2016
OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Broccoli,
Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X;
Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686
NR 22
TC 64
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 14
PY 2003
VL 302
IS 5648
BP 1200
EP 1203
DI 10.1126/science.1089159
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 742XW
UT WOS:000186544300051
PM 14615536
ER
PT J
AU Muller, M
Neuber, R
Fierli, F
Hauchecorne, A
Vomel, H
Oltmans, SJ
AF Muller, M
Neuber, R
Fierli, F
Hauchecorne, A
Vomel, H
Oltmans, SJ
TI Stratospheric water vapour as tracer for Vortex filamentation in the
Arctic winter 2002/2003
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRBORNE LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; POLAR VORTEX; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS;
POTENTIAL VORTICITY; MATCH OBSERVATIONS; ADVECTION MODEL; OZONE LAMINAE;
DEHYDRATION; TRANSPORT; H2O
AB Balloon-borne frost point hygrometers measured three high-resolution profiles of stratospheric water vapour above Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen during winter 2002/2003. The profiles obtained on 12 December 2002 and on 17 January 2003 provide an insight into the vertical distribution of water vapour in the core of the polar vortex. The water vapour sounding on 11 February 2003 was obtained within the vortex edge region of the lower stratosphere. Here, a significant reduction of water vapour mixing ratio was observed between 16 and 19 km. The stratospheric temperatures indicate that this dehydration was not caused by the presence of polar stratospheric clouds or earlier PSC particle sedimentation.
Ozone observations on this day indicate a large scale movement of the polar vortex and show laminae in the same altitude range as the water vapour profile. The link between the observed water vapour reduction and filaments in the vortex edge region is indicated in the results of the semi-lagrangian advection model MIMOSA, which show that adjacent filaments of polar and mid latitude air can be identified above the Spitsbergen region. A vertical cross-section produced by the MIMOSA model reveals that the water vapour sonde flew through polar air in the lowest part of the stratosphere below 425 K, then passed through filaments of mid latitude air with lower water vapour concentrations, before it finally entered the polar vortex above 450 K. These results indicate that on 11 February 2003 the frost point hygrometer measured different water vapour concentrations as the sonde detected air with different origins. Instead of being linked to dehydration due to PSC particle sedimentation, the local reduction in the stratospheric water vapour profile was in this case caused by dynamical processes in the polar stratosphere.
C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.
CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy.
CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Muller, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.
EM mmueller@awi-potsdam.de
RI Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; Neuber, Roland/B-4923-2014; Maturilli,
Marion/A-4344-2017
OI Fierli, Federico/0000-0001-9975-2883; Hauchecorne,
Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994; Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832;
Maturilli, Marion/0000-0001-6818-7383
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 13
PY 2003
VL 3
BP 1991
EP 1997
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YY
UT WOS:000186543500001
ER
PT J
AU Borbas, E
Menzel, WP
Li, J
Woolf, HM
AF Borbas, E
Menzel, WP
Li, J
Woolf, HM
TI Combining radio occultation refractivities and IR/MW radiances to derive
temperature and moisture profiles: A simulation study plus early results
using CHAMP and ATOVS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE GPS radio; occultation; ATOVS temperature retrieval; statistical
regression
ID ATMOSPHERE; TRANSMITTANCE; VALIDATION
AB [1] This paper examines whether the Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS/RO) measurements of the tropopause region improve tropospheric profile retrievals from infrared and microwave radiometric measurements with the Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) on current National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) polar orbiting satellites and with the future high spectral resolution infrared measurements from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) planned for the NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). The paper presents a simulation study wherein statistical regressions are used to infer temperature and moisture retrievals from ATOVS or CrIS brightness temperatures and GPS/RO refractivity data. The ATOVS and GPS/RO combination yields tropospheric profiles in better agreement with radiosondes than profiles inferred from either system alone; GPS/RO improves ATOVS temperature retrievals around the tropopause by 0.8 K and ATOVS tropospheric moisture retrievals by 2.5%. When the infrared measurements are improved to CrIS quality, with over 1000 spectral measurements, the addition of GPS/RO improves temperature retrieval agreement with radiosondes by 0.4 K around and above the tropopause. The paper also presents results from combining real GPS/RO (CHAMP, Challenging Minisatellite Payload) and sounder ( ATOVS) data. CHAMP data are evaluated against collocated radiosonde and Numerical Weather Prediction model profiles. Using CHAMP data to establish a regression relationship, real GPS/RO data are found to improve the ATOVS temperature retrievals by 0.5 K near the tropopause.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Borbas, E (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM eva.borbas@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 13
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D21
AR 4676
DI 10.1029/2003JD003386
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VE
UT WOS:000186652900004
ER
PT J
AU Duan, QY
Schaake, JC
AF Duan, QY
Schaake, JC
TI Total water storage in the Arkansas-Red River basin
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE soil water storage; soil water holding capacity; water balance;
hydroclimatology
ID SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; MODELS; HYDROCLIMATOLOGY;
PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; BALANCE; CYCLE
AB This paper presents a diagnostic approach to study the spatial and temporal variability of total water storage (TWS) properties of hydrologic basins. The approach utilizes a simple water balance equation based on the physical law of mass conservation. Thirty-six years of monthly historical records of precipitation and streamflow discharge data were collected from 27 basins in the Arkansas-Red River basin. Five different assumptions were made to estimate evapotranspiration. The study found that the assumption that considers both initial total water storage and precipitation amount in the current period provides the most consistent long-term seasonal evapotranspiration, when compared to seasonal evapotranspiration derived from the atmospheric water budget in the Arkansas-Red River basin. The TWS variability range has an apparent east-west gradient and is highly correlated to climatological factors such as the ratio of annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and vegetation information. Wetter basins tend to have a larger TWS variability range than dry ones. The intra-annual TWS variability range is small compared to year-to-year variability. This phenomenon is more noticeable for dry basins, implying that longer data sets are needed to study the water balance of dry regions. Another finding is that the TWS variability range is shown to be scale dependent, with intermediate-scale-area basins exhibiting larger variability than large-scale-area basin.
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Duan, QY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, WOHx3,1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM qingyun.duan@noaa.gov; john.schaake@noaa.gov
RI Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011
OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 13
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8853
DI 10.1029/2002JD003152
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VQ
UT WOS:000186653900003
ER
PT J
AU Howe, PT
Fahr, A
AF Howe, PT
Fahr, A
TI Pressure and temperature effects on product channels of the propargyl
(HC CCH2) combination reaction and the formation of the "First ring"
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID RADICAL SELF-REACTION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; MASTER EQUATION; 193 NM;
PHOTODISSOCIATION; BENZENE; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOLYSIS;
KINETICS
AB The propargyl (HCequivalent toC-CH2) radical is among the critical intermediates in hydrocarbon reaction systems pertinent to both the high temperatures of combustion systems and the low temperatures of planetary atmospheres. This work reports experimental results on the nature and the relative yields of the final products of the propargyl combination reaction, C3H3 + C3H3 --> C6H6 (1). Propargyl radicals, for most experiments, were generated by the 248 nm excimer laser photolysis of propargyl bromide. The 193 nm photolysis of propargyl chloride and of allene were also used in a number of experiments, particularly at higher temperatures. Product studies were performed at a pressure range of 27 mbar (20 Torr) to 933 mbar (700 Torr) and at a temperature range of 295-623 K. Final reaction products were separated, identified, and quantified using an on-line gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system. Five isomeric C6H6 final products were detected including 1,5-hexadiyne, fulvene, dimethylenecyclobutene, and benzene. The relative yields of the major reaction products showed significant pressure and temperature dependencies. Under high-pressure conditions 1,5-hexadiyne is a major product with a relative yield of 51 % at P = 933 mbar and T = 295 K. However, its yield decreases to 27 % at P = 933 mbar and T = 623 K and to 1 % at P = 27 mbar, T = 623 K. Dimethylenecyclobutene, has a relative yield of 6% at 295 K and 933 mbar. It becomes the most abundant product with a relative yield of nearly 90% at 623 K and 133 mbar. Fulvene appears to be a minor product at all conditions of this study and its relative yield (similar to1.5% or less) is significantly lower than the reported computational predictions. Interestingly, an appreciable amount of benzene is also formed, particularly at lower pressures with relative yields considerably higher (43% at 27 mbar and 623 K) than those predicted computationally (similar to3% at P = 27 mbar T = 650 K). The results of this work suggest that the formation of dimethylenecyclobutene and benzene from the propargyl combination reaction is significantly more efficient than previously predicted. Implications of these results on modeling of combustion processes as well as planetary atmospheric processes are discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
RP Fahr, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 24
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 13
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 45
BP 9603
EP 9610
DI 10.1021/jp0307497
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 740WJ
UT WOS:000186425000015
ER
PT J
AU Marsh, AL
Burnett, DJ
Fischer, DA
Gland, JL
AF Marsh, AL
Burnett, DJ
Fischer, DA
Gland, JL
TI Benzene intermediates and mechanisms during catalytic oxidation on the
Pt(111) surface using in-situ soft X-ray methods
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; EXCITATION-SPECTRA; DEEP OXIDATION;
GAS-PHASE; N-HEXANE; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMBUSTION; OXYGEN;
PLATINUM
AB The catalytic oxidation of benzene on the Pt(111) surface has been characterized, in flowing oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Torr, using temperature-programmed fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES). During temperature-programmed oxidation experiments in flowing oxygen pressures, a series of four adsorbed intermediates are formed. The dominant intermediates with increasing temperature are eta(6)-benzene, 1,4-di-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene, 1,1,4-tri-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene, and eta(5)-cyclohexadienone. All of these intermediates are strongly adsorbed based on the molecular rehybridization indicated by spectroscopic (FYNES) measurements. Adsorbed benzene inhibits oxidation below 370 K by inhibiting oxygen adsorption. Over the temperature range 150-215 K, a 1,4-di-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H6 stoichiometry is formed by rearrangement of the aromatic ring. Next, a 1,1,4-tri-sigma-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H5 stoichiometry is formed by oxydehydrogenation over the temperature range 215-285 K. Above 350 K, a fraction of this intermediate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water, while the remainder is oxygenated to form a eta(5)-cyclohexadienone intermediate with C6H5O stoichiometry, which is dominant at 390 K. The reactivity of this intermediate is clearly demonstrated by rapid oxidation with increasing temperature. No change in the onset temperature for rapid oxidation or the rate of carbon removal is observed with increasing oxygen pressures over the pressure range 0.0005-0.01 Torr. Temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) has been used to identify the gas-phase products during deep oxidation between coadsorbed benzene and oxygen on Pt(111). Carbon dioxide and water are formed over the 300-500 K temperature range when benzene is in excess, and over the 380-620 K temperature range when oxygen is in excess. This combination of temperature-programmed UHV and in-situ soft X-ray methods has provided a detailed mechanistic description of catalytic benzene oxidation on the Pt(111) surface.
C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gland, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, 930 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
NR 52
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD NOV 13
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 45
BP 12472
EP 12479
DI 10.1021/jp0344038
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 740WM
UT WOS:000186425300018
ER
PT J
AU Wild, O
Sundet, JK
Prather, MJ
Isaksen, ISA
Akimoto, H
Browell, EV
Oltmans, SJ
AF Wild, O
Sundet, JK
Prather, MJ
Isaksen, ISA
Akimoto, H
Browell, EV
Oltmans, SJ
TI Chemical transport model ozone simulations for spring 2001 over the
western Pacific: Comparisons with TRACE-P lidar, ozonesondes, and Total
Ozone Mapping Spectrometer columns
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE tropospheric ozone; tropopause; stratospheric intrusions; Western
Pacific
ID CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; TROPOSPHERE; SCHEMES; ASIA
AB Two closely related chemical transport models (CTMs) employing the same high-resolution meteorological data (similar to180 km x similar to180 km x similar to600 m) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts are used to simulate the ozone total column and tropospheric distribution over the western Pacific region that was explored by the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) measurement campaign in February-April 2001. We make extensive comparisons with ozone measurements from the lidar instrument on the NASA DC-8, with ozonesondes taken during the period around the Pacific Rim, and with TOMS total column ozone. These demonstrate that within the uncertainties of the meteorological data and the constraints of model resolution, the two CTMs (FRSGC/UCI and Oslo CTM2) can simulate the observed tropospheric ozone and do particularly well when realistic stratospheric ozone photochemistry is included. The greatest differences between the models and observations occur in the polluted boundary layer, where problems related to the simplified chemical mechanism and inadequate horizontal resolution are likely to have caused the net overestimation of about 10 ppb mole fraction. In the upper troposphere, the large variability driven by stratospheric intrusions makes agreement very sensitive to the timing of meteorological features.
C1 Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, Oslo, Norway.
Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Wild, O (reprint author), Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, 3172-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
EM oliver@jamstec.go.jp; j.k.sundet@geofysikk.uio.no; mprather@uci.edu;
i.s.a.isaksen@geofysikk.uio.no; akimoto@jamstec.go.jp;
e.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov; soltmans@cmdl.noaa.gov
RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009
OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035
NR 32
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 11
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D21
AR 8826
DI 10.1029/2002JD003283
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 744VC
UT WOS:000186652700008
ER
PT J
AU Milly, PCD
Cazenave, A
Gennero, MC
AF Milly, PCD
Cazenave, A
Gennero, MC
TI Contribution of climate-driven change in continental water storage to
recent sea-level rise
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY BALANCES; MASS-BALANCE; LAND WATER; PROJECT; BUDGET; WORLD; OCEAN
AB Using a global model of continental water balance, forced by interannual variations in precipitation and near-surface atmospheric temperature for the period 1981-1998, we estimate the sea-level changes associated with climate-driven changes in storage of water as snowpack, soil water, and ground water; storage in ice sheets and large lakes is not considered. The 1981-1998 trend is estimated to be 0.12 mm/yr, and substantial interannual fluctuations are inferred; for 1993-1998, the trend is 0.25 mm/yr. At the decadal time scale, the terrestrial contribution to eustatic (i.e., induced by mass exchange) sea-level rise is significantly smaller than the estimated steric (i.e., induced by density changes) trend for the same period, but is not negligibly small. In the model the sea-level rise is driven mainly by a downtrend in continental precipitation during the study period, which we believe was generated by natural variability in the climate system.
C1 NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08534 USA.
Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08534 USA.
NR 19
TC 46
Z9 51
U1 2
U2 13
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD NOV 11
PY 2003
VL 100
IS 23
BP 13158
EP 13161
DI 10.1073/pnas.2134014100
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 743LR
UT WOS:000186573700010
PM 14576277
ER
PT J
AU Jones, RL
Hu, T
Lin, EK
Wu, WL
Kolb, R
Casa, DM
Bolton, PJ
Barclay, GG
AF Jones, RL
Hu, T
Lin, EK
Wu, WL
Kolb, R
Casa, DM
Bolton, PJ
Barclay, GG
TI Small angle x-ray scattering for sub-100 nm pattern characterization
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; SURFACE; GRATINGS; FEATURES
AB Characterization of sub-100 nm photolithographic patterns with nanometer scale resolution is demonstrated using small angle x-ray scattering. The transmission scattering geometry employed potentially enables high throughput measurements for future technology nodes of the semiconductor industry, organic and inorganic nanoscale devices, and three-dimensional structures. The method is demonstrated through the characterization of a series of polymer photoresist gratings using a synchrotron x-ray source. Quantities, such as periodicity and line width, are extracted using minimal modeling. Additional quantities and the potential of a laboratory-based x-ray system are briefly discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, CMC CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Shipley Co Inc, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA.
RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016
NR 12
TC 65
Z9 65
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 10
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 19
BP 4059
EP 4061
DI 10.1063/1.1622793
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 739RP
UT WOS:000186360500069
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, KB
Baldocchi, D
Falge, E
Aubinet, M
Berbigier, P
Bernhofer, C
Dolman, H
Field, C
Goldstein, A
Granier, A
Hollinger, D
Katul, G
Law, BE
Meyers, T
Moncrieff, J
Monson, R
Tenhunen, J
Valentini, R
Verma, S
Wofsy, S
AF Wilson, KB
Baldocchi, D
Falge, E
Aubinet, M
Berbigier, P
Bernhofer, C
Dolman, H
Field, C
Goldstein, A
Granier, A
Hollinger, D
Katul, G
Law, BE
Meyers, T
Moncrieff, J
Monson, R
Tenhunen, J
Valentini, R
Verma, S
Wofsy, S
TI Diurnal centroid of ecosystem energy and carbon fluxes at FLUXNET sites
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE FLUXNET; energy flux; sensible heat; latent heat; evapotranspiration;
diurnal
ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; UPLAND OAK FOREST;
STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION; DECIDUOUS
FOREST; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; DROUGHT; TRANSPIRATION
AB Data from a network of eddy covariance stations in Europe and North America (FLUXNET) were analyzed to examine the diurnal patterns of surface energy and carbon fluxes during the summer period across a range of ecosystems and climates. Diurnal trends were quantified by assessing the time of day surface fluxes and meteorological variable reached peak values, using the "diurnal centroid'' method; the diurnal centroid enabled us to discern whether the peak activity of the variable of interest is weighted more toward the morning or afternoon. In this paper, diurnal centroid estimates were used to diagnose which atmospheric and physiological processes controlled carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sensible heat fluxes across different ecosystems and climates. Sensitivity tests suggested that the diurnal centroids for latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat flux depend on atmospheric resistance, static stability in the free atmosphere, stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit, and advection. With respect to diurnal trends of surface energy fluxes at FLUXNET sites, maximum LE occurred later in the day relative to H at most tall forests with continental climates. The lag between LE and H was reduced or reversed at sites that were influenced by advection or by afternoon stomatal closure. The time of peak carbon uptake of temperate forests occurred earlier relative to the temporal peak of photosynthetically active radiation, as compared to boreal forests. The timing of this peak occurred earlier during periods with low soil water content, as it did during the summer in Mediterranean climates. In this case, the diurnal centroid for the CO2 flux was influenced by the response of respiration and photosynthesis to increasing afternoon temperature and by afternoon stomatal closure.
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
INRA Bordeaux, Unite Bioclimatol, F-33611 Gazinet, France.
Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany.
Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1085 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestieres, F-54280 Champenoux, France.
US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Univ Edinburgh, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland.
Univ Colorado, DEPOB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Wilson, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456,456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wilson@atdd.noaa.gov
RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger,
David/G-7185-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016;
OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Baldocchi,
Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896;
Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Law,
Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203
NR 56
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 6
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D21
AR 4664
DI 10.1029/2001JD001349
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742GC
UT WOS:000186508200001
ER
PT J
AU Sharpless, KE
Phinney, CS
Wood, LJ
Yen, JH
Howell, DW
AF Sharpless, KE
Phinney, CS
Wood, LJ
Yen, JH
Howell, DW
TI Value assignment of nutrient and aflatoxin concentrations in standard
reference material 2387 peanut butter
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE certified reference material; control material; food composition;
nutrition labeling; peanut butter analysis; quality assurance; Standard
Reference Material
ID FOOD
AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2387 peanut butter was recently issued, and the process used for value assignment of nutrient and aflatoxin concentrations is reported herein. Values were assigned using data provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and collaborating laboratories. SRM 2387 is intended for use as a primary material for assigning values to in-house control materials and for validation of analytical methods for measurements in peanut butter and similar high-fat matrixes. SRM 2387 lies in sector 3 of AOAC International's fat-protein-carbohydrate triangle. With the addition of SRM 2387, NIST now offers materials within-or on the borders between-all sectors of the triangle. The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 2387 provides assigned values for concentrations of fatty acids, proximates, elements, and total dietary fiber, for which product labeling is required by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990, as well as several vitamins, amino acids, and aflatoxins, for which labeling is not required. (Aflatoxin levels in peanut butter are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.)
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD NOV 5
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 23
BP 6745
EP 6751
DI 10.1021/jf034637o
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 738JA
UT WOS:000186282400019
PM 14582970
ER
PT J
AU Berbery, EH
Luo, Y
Mitchell, KE
Betts, AK
AF Berbery, EH
Luo, Y
Mitchell, KE
Betts, AK
TI Eta model estimated land surface processes and the hydrologic cycle of
the Mississippi basin
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrologic cycle; land-atmosphere interactions; regional models
ID UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; PARAMETERIZATION;
CLIMATE; BUDGET; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSES; NCEP/NCAR; RAINFALL
AB This article discusses the water and surface energy budgets over the Mississippi River basin and subbasins using NCEP's Eta model forecasts. It also discusses the relation between surface states (soil moisture) and other variables that affect the surface energy balance, potentially interacting with precipitation processes. The Eta model is NCEP's operational mesoscale model and therefore has been subject to changes and upgrades over the period of this evaluation. While the atmospheric water cycle is analyzed here using a 7-year long (June 1995 to May 2002) data set, the research focusing on surface processes is based on a 4-year period (June 1998 to May 2002) after substantial upgrades to the land surface component were performed. On the 7-year average the Eta model 12-36 h forecast precipitation averaged over the Mississippi basin differs from the observed precipitation by 2%, while the estimate of evaporation computed as a residual of the water balance equation differs by 5% from the evaporation estimate resulting from a data set of land surface fluxes prepared with the macroscale hydrologic variable infiltration model (VIC). However, the difference between the model parameterized evaporation and VIC's is about 17% due to excessive bare soil evaporation in the Eta model. Notably, the long-term average of moisture flux convergence also estimated from the 12-36 h forecasts is 0.54 mm day(-1) over the Mississippi basin, while streamflow observations at Vicksburg average 0.50 mm day(-1). This agreement within 10% is a strict test of the quality of the hydrologic cycle estimates; therefore these are promising results for estimates of the water cycle from regional analysis or future regional reanalysis. Subbasins of the Mississippi have diverse land surface-atmosphere interactions at monthly timescales. In the western half of the Mississippi basin, feedbacks can be described as follows: increased soil moisture is associated with a slight increase of net radiation at the surface; latent heat also increases with soil moisture while sensible heat decreases, resulting in an almost linear increase of the evaporative fraction. Increased soil moisture is also associated with a lower lifting condensation level and an increase of observed precipitation (though not statistically significant). The overall results support the concept of a positive feedback in which increased soil moisture affects surface fluxes in such a manner that increased precipitation results. However, toward the east (e.g., the Ohio basin), there are no well-defined land surface-atmosphere interactions, suggesting that other effects, like the advection of moisture, may be more relevant for precipitation processes.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Atmospher Res, Pittsford, VT 05763 USA.
RP Berbery, EH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, ESSIC, 3427 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM berbery@atmos.umd.edu
RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010
OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345
NR 27
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 5
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8852
DI 10.1029/2002JD003192
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742GJ
UT WOS:000186508800001
ER
PT J
AU Robock, A
Luo, LF
Wood, EF
Wen, FH
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Basara, JB
Crawford, KC
AF Robock, A
Luo, LF
Wood, EF
Wen, FH
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Schaake, JC
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Basara, JB
Crawford, KC
TI Evaluation of the North American Land Data Assimilation System over the
southern Great Plains during the warm season
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE data assimilation; soil moisture; surface fluxes
ID SOIL-MOISTURE SIMULATIONS; SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; ETA-MODEL;
RIVER BASIN; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS;
ENERGY BUDGET; WATER-BALANCE; PILPS 2(D)
AB North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) land surface models have been run for a retrospective period forced by atmospheric observations from the Eta analysis and actual precipitation and downward solar radiation to calculate land hydrology. We evaluated these simulations using in situ observations over the southern Great Plains for the periods of May-September of 1998 and 1999 by comparing the model outputs with surface latent, sensible, and ground heat fluxes at 24 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed stations and with soil temperature and soil moisture observations at 72 Oklahoma Mesonet stations. The standard NLDAS models do a fairly good job but with differences in the surface energy partition and in soil moisture between models and observations and among models during the summer, while they agree quite well on the soil temperature simulations. To investigate why, we performed a series of experiments accounting for differences between model-specified soil types and vegetation and those observed at the stations, and differences in model treatment of different soil types, vegetation properties, canopy resistance, soil column depth, rooting depth, root density, snow-free albedo, infiltration, aerodynamic resistance, and soil thermal diffusivity. The diagnosis and model enhancements demonstrate how the models can be improved so that they can be used in actual data assimilation mode.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA.
Natl Weather Ctr, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Robock, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
EM robock@envsci.rutgers.edu
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011;
Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441;
Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844;
NR 65
TC 102
Z9 103
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 5
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8846
DI 10.1029/2002JD003245
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742GJ
UT WOS:000186508800002
ER
PT J
AU Luo, LF
Robock, A
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Wen, FH
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
AF Luo, LF
Robock, A
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Lohmann, D
Cosgrove, B
Wen, FH
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
TI Validation of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS)
retrospective forcing over the southern Great Plains
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE surface fluxes; land surface modeling; LDAS
ID SOIL-MOISTURE SIMULATIONS; ETA-MODEL; RIVER BASIN; FIFE DATA; SURFACE;
PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; BOUNDARY; PROJECT
AB Atmospheric forcing used by land surface models is a critical component of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) and its quality crucially affects the final product of NLDAS and our work on model improvement. A three-year (September 1996-September 1999) retrospective forcing data set was created from the Eta Data Assimilation System and observations and used to run the NLDAS land surface models for this period. We compared gridded NLDAS forcing with station observations obtained from networks including the Oklahoma Mesonet and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed at the southern Great Plains. Differences in all forcing variables except precipitation between the NLDAS forcing data set and station observations are small at all timescales. While precipitation data do not agree very well at an hourly timescale, they do agree better at longer timescales because of the way NLDAS precipitation forcing is generated. A small high bias in downward solar radiation and a low bias in downward longwave radiation exist in the retrospective forcing. To investigate the impact of these differences on land surface modeling we compared two sets of model simulations, one forced by the standard NLDAS product and one with station-observed meteorology. The differences in the resulting simulations of soil moisture and soil temperature for each model were small, much smaller than the differences between the models and between the models and observations. This indicates that NLDAS retrospective forcing provides an excellent state-of-the-art data set for land surface modeling, at least over the southern Great Plains region.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
NOAA Sci Ctr, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Ctr, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NOAA Sci Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Luo, LF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM robock@envsci.rutgers.edu
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011;
Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 33
TC 72
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 4
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8843
DI 10.1029/2002JD003246
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742GH
UT WOS:000186508700003
ER
PT J
AU Kaufman, JG
Begley, EF
AF Kaufman, JG
Begley, EF
TI MatML: A data interchange markup language
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
AB This article updates and expands upon previously published information on MatML, a new extensible markup language designed specifically for the exchange of materials information. In particular, it describes the strengths of MatML from the perspective of materials specialists dealing with a wide variety of types of materials information.
C1 Kaufman Associates, Columbus, OH 43220 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kaufman, JG (reprint author), Kaufman Associates, Columbus, OH 43220 USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASM INTERNATIONAL
PI MATERIALS PARK
PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002
USA
SN 0882-7958
J9 ADV MATER PROCESS
JI Adv. Mater. Process.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 161
IS 11
BP 35
EP 36
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 740XY
UT WOS:000186429300004
ER
PT J
AU Xu, Q
Zhou, BB
AF Xu, Q
Zhou, BB
TI Retrieving soil water contents from soil temperature measurements by
using linear regression
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE retrieval; soil water content
ID SURFACE FLUXES; LAYER; HEAT; MOISTURE
AB A simple linear regression method is developed to retrieve daily averaged soil water content from diurnal variations of soil temperature measured at three or more depths. The method is applied to Oklahoma Mesonet soil temperature data collected at the depths of 5, 10, and 30 cm during 11-20 June 1995. The retrieved bulk soil water contents are compared with direct measurements for one pair of nearly collocated Mesonet and ARM stations and also compared with the retrievals of a previous method at 14 enhanced Oklahoma Mesonet stations. The results show that the current method gives more persistent retrievals than the previous method. The method is also applied to Oklahoma Mesonet soil temperature data collected at the depths of 5, 25, 60, and 75 cm from the Norman site during 20-30 July 1998 and 1-31 July 2000.. The retrieved soil water contents are verified by collocated soil water content measurements with rms differences smaller than the soil water observation error (0.05 m(3) m(-3)). The retrievals are found to be moderately sensitive to random errors (+/-0.1 K) in the soil temperature observations and errors in the soil type specifications.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov
RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
EI 1861-9533
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 6
BP 849
EP 858
DI 10.1007/BF02915509
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 753KB
UT WOS:000187229600001
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, Y
Barker, P
AF Xiao, Y
Barker, P
TI Quantum dot probes for human metaphase chromosomes.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics
CY NOV 04-08, 2003
CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
SP Amer Soc Human Genet
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, DNA Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 73
IS 5
MA 284
BP 218
EP 218
PG 1
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 726LC
UT WOS:000185599700285
ER
PT J
AU Vasconcellos, ECC
Jackson, M
Hockel, H
Lauters, M
Allen, MD
Evenson, KM
AF Vasconcellos, ECC
Jackson, M
Hockel, H
Lauters, M
Allen, MD
Evenson, KM
TI Discovery and measurement of optically pumped far-infrared laser
emissions in (CD3OH)-C-13
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; LINES; ASSIGNMENTS
AB We report the discovery of four laser emissions from the partially deuterated C-13 methanol isotope (CD3OH)-C-13 when optically pumped with a cw carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. The wavelengths of these lines, ranging from 45.3 to 108.9 mum, are reported along with their polarizations relative to the CO2 pump laser, operating pressure, and relative intensity. A three-laser heterodyne system was then used to measure the frequencies of eight optically pumped laser emissions from this methanol isotope. These emissions range from 53.4 to 126.1 mum and are reported with fractional uncertainties up to +/-2x10(-7).
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA.
Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Eletron Quant, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jackson, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA.
RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 77
IS 6-7
BP 561
EP 562
DI 10.1007/s00340-003-1345-x
PG 2
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 741GQ
UT WOS:000186450700004
ER
PT J
AU Holmberg, DG
AF Holmberg, DG
TI Enemies at the gates - Securing the BACnet (R) building
SO ASHRAE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB The building automation industry is moving away from isolated building control systems toward building automation systems (BAS) integrated with business applications on a shared "IT" network. This open shared architecture allows not only for integration of diverse building control systems, but also for connections to corporate business applications as well as off-site business partners.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Holmberg, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2491
J9 ASHRAE J
JI ASHRAE J.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 45
IS 11
BP B24
EP B28
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 740YK
UT WOS:000186430600020
ER
PT J
AU Ren, WP
Yang, SY
Fang, HW
Hsu, S
Wooley, PH
AF Ren, WP
Yang, SY
Fang, HW
Hsu, S
Wooley, PH
TI Distinct gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B
and rank ligand in the inflammatory response to variant morphologies of
UHMWPE particles
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE RANK; RANKL; wear debris; shape; UHMWPE particles
ID POLYETHYLENE WEAR DEBRIS; BONE-RESORPTION ACTIVITY; OSTEOCLAST
DIFFERENTIATION; OSTEOPROTEGERIN LIGAND; KNEE REPLACEMENTS; TNF-ALPHA;
JOINT; MACROPHAGES; OSTEOLYSIS; METABOLISM
AB Recent studies have examined the role of wear debris-induced bone resorption in the aseptic loosening of orthopedic prostheses. Research has shown that inflammation depends not only on the amount of particulate debris, but also the shape and size of the accumulated wear particles. Our previous studies have demonstrated that variant shapes of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles induce diverse cellular and apoptotic responses in a murine inflammation model. Since enhanced osteoclastogenesis is recognized as a hallmark of bone loss in prosthetic loosening, we have now investigated the gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) during the inflammatory response to different shapes of UHMWPE particles. Two shapes of UHMWPE particles (globular or elongated) were implanted in established air pouches on BALB/c mice, and pouches harvested 7 days after stimulation with UHMWPE particles. Gene levels of RANK, RANKL, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and cathepsin K (CK) were quantified by real time RT-PCR, and TRAP staining of pouch membrane was used to evaluate osteoclastogenesis. We found that (i) elongated particles generated significantly higher RANK and RANKL gene expression than globular particles in pouch tissue; (ii) elongated particles provoked significantly higher IL-1beta and TNFalpha gene expression; (iii) a positive association was found between tissue inflammation status and the gene level of RANK/RANKL; and (iv) elongated particles stimulated significantly higher CK gene expression in comparison with globular particles. Histology revealed that clusters of TRAP+ cells were located in regions in contact with elongated particles. Overall, these data suggest that the morphology of wear debris may be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of prosthetic loosening. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Hutzel Hosp, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wooley, PH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Hutzel Hosp, 1 S,4707 St Antoine Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
NR 38
TC 55
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 26
BP 4819
EP 4826
DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00384-3
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 734DK
UT WOS:000186039800010
PM 14530078
ER
PT J
AU Seminoff, JA
Karl, SA
Schwartz, T
Resendiz, A
AF Seminoff, JA
Karl, SA
Schwartz, T
Resendiz, A
TI Hybridization of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtle
(Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Pacific Ocean: Indication of an absence
of gender bias in the directionality of crosses
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE
TURTLES; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; MARKERS
AB On 5 September 1999 a juvenile sea turtle (BLA-428) was captured near Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico. The presence of intermediate morphological characteristics suggested this turtle was a hybrid between a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). BLA-428 exhibited intermediate morphology with respect to number of post-orbital scales, number of prefrontal scales, presence of a median ridge on the lower mandible, carapace scute imbrication, marginal scute dentation, and number of claws on the front flippers. To determine the genotype of BLA-428, we amplified a single-copy nuclear locus CM-14A known to contain species-specific restriction site polymorphisms. Restriction enzyme digests (Dra I and Nde 1) of the CM-14A fragment indicated this individual was a cross between C. mydas and either E. imbricata or Caretta caretta. Sequence of the mitochondrial DNA control region indicated the mother was E. imbricata with a common Pacific haplotype. This is the first known case of a C. mydas x E. imbricata cross in the Pacific Ocean Basin. Further, it provides the first clear evidence for bi-directional hybridization in marine turtles.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
Inst Nacl Ecol, Direcc Gen Vida Silvestre, Secretaria Medio Ambiente & Rec Nat, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Protected Resources, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 11
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 73
IS 3
BP 643
EP 652
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 813DR
UT WOS:000220888300008
ER
PT J
AU Vermeij, MJA
Diekmann, OE
Bak, RPM
AF Vermeij, MJA
Diekmann, OE
Bak, RPM
TI New species of scleractinian coral (Cnidaria, anthozoa), Madracis
carmabi n. sp from the Caribbean
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENETIC-EVIDENCE
AB Madracis carmabi, n. sp. is a relatively common zooxanthellate scleractinian coral found throughout the Caribbean. The species is described based on colonies collected from Curacao. Features that distinguish this species from other Madracis species are the combination of (1) a branching morphology, and (2) decameral septal organization. The species is mostly found between 20-40 In depth. Hybridization between Madracis decactis and Madracis formosa is proposed as a process leading to this new species following the principles of reticulate evolution.
C1 Univ Amsterdam, IBED, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Univ Groningen, Dept Marine Biol, NL-1750 AA Groningen, Netherlands.
Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.
RP Vermeij, MJA (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Vermeij, Mark/B-2752-2013
OI Vermeij, Mark/0000-0001-9612-9527
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 73
IS 3
BP 679
EP 684
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 813DR
UT WOS:000220888300011
ER
PT J
AU Novak, D
Waldstreicher, J
Bosart, L
Keyser, D
AF Novak, D
Waldstreicher, J
Bosart, L
Keyser, D
TI Anticipating mesoscale band formation in winter storms
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Northeast Regional Operational Workshop
CY NOV 05-06, 2002
CL ALBANY, NEW YORK
C1 Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Novak, D (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 11
BP 1502
EP 1503
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 752MD
UT WOS:000187163900008
ER
PT J
AU Tongue, JS
Colle, BA
Cope, A
Shedd, R
Vallee, D
Watson, J
AF Tongue, JS
Colle, BA
Cope, A
Shedd, R
Vallee, D
Watson, J
TI Numerical techniques for improving forecasts
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Northeast Regional Operational Workshop
CY NOV 05-06, 2002
CL ALBANY, NEW YORK
C1 Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Tongue, JS (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 11
BP 1503
EP 1505
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 752MD
UT WOS:000187163900009
ER
PT J
AU St Jean, D
Sisson, P
AF St Jean, D
Sisson, P
TI Upslope snowfall in northern Vermont and New York
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Northeast Regional Operational Workshop
CY NOV 05-06, 2002
CL ALBANY, NEW YORK
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP St Jean, D (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 11
BP 1505
EP +
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 752MD
UT WOS:000187163900010
ER
PT J
AU Korotky, J
AF Korotky, J
TI Composited charts for forecasters
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Northeast Regional Operational Workshop
CY NOV 05-06, 2002
CL ALBANY, NEW YORK
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Korotky, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 11
BP 1507
EP 1508
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 752MD
UT WOS:000187163900011
ER
PT J
AU Lin-Gibson, S
Walls, HJ
Kennedy, SB
Welsh, ER
AF Lin-Gibson, S
Walls, HJ
Kennedy, SB
Welsh, ER
TI Reaction kinetics and gel properties of blocked diisocyinate crosslinked
chitosan hydrogels
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
DE chitosan; hydrogels; crosslink kinetics; gel modulus
ID RHEOLOGY; CHITIN; GELATION; NETWORK; SYSTEM
AB Cure kinetics and network properties of hydrogels prepared by the reaction of chitosan and a water-soluble blocked diisocyanate cross-linker have been measured using swelling experiments and rheometry. The gel time measured by two different rheological methods, the rate equivalence of the change in modulus as a function of reaction time (G'G" crossover) and the critical gel via the Winter-Chambon approach, are comparable. The reaction rate increased with increased temperature following the Arrhenius behavior, from which apparent activation energies can be determined. The network moduli can be tailored by adjusting the ratio of chitosan to cross-linker or the solution concentration. This allows for the formation of processable chemically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels with controlled kinetics and mechanical properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM slgibson@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PD NOV 1
PY 2003
VL 54
IS 2
BP 193
EP 199
DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00159-0
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA 722NN
UT WOS:000185382600008
ER
PT J
AU Phair, JW
Schulz, JC
Bertram, W
Aldridge, LP
AF Phair, JW
Schulz, JC
Bertram, W
Aldridge, LP
TI Investigation of the microstructure of alkali-activated cements by
neutron scattering
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE microstructure; SANS; alkali-activated (AA) cement; OPC; XRD
ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; FRACTAL MICROSTRUCTURES;
HYDRATION KINETICS; PASTE; POROSITY; SYSTEMS; WATER; SANS
AB Significant research has been devoted to understanding and modeling the neutron scattering behavior of Portland cement pastes. The present work examines the potential of neutron scattering to noninvasively evaluate the properties of alternative cementitious materials encountered in the field. To interpret the scattering of both alkali-activated and slag-cement systems, alternative models to those typically adopted for Portland cement pastes were considered. Investigation of alkali-activated and slag-cement coupons were conducted for different sample thickness (similar to0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 mm) over a wide scattering vector (Q) range (0.0005 < Q > 0.03 mm(-1) and 0.04 < Q > 4 nm(-1)) on both ultra (USANS) and conventional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometers. This wide Q range allowed determination of the fractal properties of the microstructure as well as the radius of the main scattering particle in the material. An empirical correction for multiple scattering was made based on the Dexter-Beeman equation and demonstrated that for thicker sample widths the theory correlated reasonably well. Alkali-activated fly ash was found to have the largest R value while the OPC and slag mix exhibited the largest Guinier radius. This difference was attributed to variations in the extent of multiple scattering for the samples. Successful application of this model was limited to sample thickness greater than or equal to 1 mm. A combined power law-Sabine expression was also utilized to successfully model the SANS data over a Q range of 0.04-4 nm(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2334, Australia.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RP Phair, JW (reprint author), FHWA, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, F-211,6300 Georgetown Pike, Mclean, VA 22101 USA.
EM john.phair@fhwa.dot.gov
RI Schulz, Jamie/B-3819-2008; Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010
NR 48
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 33
IS 11
BP 1811
EP 1824
DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00199-6
PG 14
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 807GC
UT WOS:000220489000017
ER
PT J
AU Abdulagatov, AI
Stepanov, GV
Abdulagatov, IM
Ramazanova, AE
Alisultanova, GS
AF Abdulagatov, AI
Stepanov, GV
Abdulagatov, IM
Ramazanova, AE
Alisultanova, GS
TI Extrema of isochoric heat capacity of water and carbon dioxide
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon dioxide; critical point; equation of state; isochoric heat
capacity; supercritical fluids; water
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; EQUATION;
FLUID; STATE; MIXTURES; POINT
AB The experimental and predicted loci extrema behavior of the isochoric heat capacity C(V) was examined for water and carbon dioxide along the subcritical and supercritical isotherms and along the liquid and vapor isochores. The studies were based on a nonanalytical Helmholtz energy-volume-temperature equation (AVT, fundamental equation of state), the IAPWS-95 formulation for water, and scaling-type crossover equations of state (CREOS). The measured isochoric heat capacity data for these fluids near the critical point were analyzed to study the behavior of loci of C(V) maxima and to compare these with predictions by the equations of state. A CREOS was applied to study the behavior of the isochoric heat capacity maxima in the immediate vicinity of the critical point. Good agreement with the CREOS prediction and experimental isothermal C(V) maxima loci was observed near the critical point. The basic characteristic points on the C(V) extrema loci curves in the P-T and rho-T planes were determined on the basis of detailed analysis of the experimental and prediction of C(V) extrema loci behavior. Qualitative explanations are given for the nature of isochoric and isothermal C(V) maxima-minima curves. The role of C(V) extrema. loci behavior in developing high-accuracy equations of state in the supercritical region and in the study of supercritical phase-transition phenomena are discussed.
C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geothermal Res, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, AI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
NR 28
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0098-6445
J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN
JI Chem. Eng. Commun.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 190
IS 11
BP 1499
EP 1520
DI 10.1080/00986440390227358
PG 22
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 734PK
UT WOS:000186065600005
ER
PT J
AU Lautenbacher, CC
AF Lautenbacher, CC
TI Joining together to take the pulse of planet earth
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA
SN 0360-7275
J9 CHEM ENG PROG
JI Chem. Eng. Prog.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 99
IS 11
BP 21
EP 21
PG 1
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 741UE
UT WOS:000186478100037
ER
PT J
AU Waliser, DE
Jin, K
Kang, IS
Stern, WF
Schubert, SD
Wu, MLC
Lau, KM
Lee, MI
Krishnamurthy, V
Kitoh, A
Meehl, GA
Galin, VY
Satyan, V
Mandke, SK
Wu, G
Liu, Y
Park, CK
AF Waliser, DE
Jin, K
Kang, IS
Stern, WF
Schubert, SD
Wu, MLC
Lau, KM
Lee, MI
Krishnamurthy, V
Kitoh, A
Meehl, GA
Galin, VY
Satyan, V
Mandke, SK
Wu, G
Liu, Y
Park, CK
TI AGCM simulations of intraseasonal variability associated with the Asian
summer monsoon
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Review
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OUTGOING LONGWAVE
RADIATION; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; INDIAN MONSOON; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION;
TROPICAL CONVECTION
AB The intraseasonal variability associated with the Asian summer monsoon as simulated by a number of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are analyzed and assessed against observations. The model data comes from the Monsoon GCM Intercomparison project initiated by the CLIVAR/Asian-Australian Monsoon Panel. Ten GCM groups, i.e., the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), Institute of Numerical Mathematics (DNM), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Seoul National University (SNU), and the State University of New York (SUNY), participated in the intraseasonal component of the project. Each performed a set of 10 ensemble simulations for 1 September 1996-31 August 1998 using the same observed weekly SST values but with different initial conditions. The focus is on the spatial and seasonal variations associated with intraseasonal variability (ISV) of rainfall, the structure of each model's principal mode of spatial-temporal variation of rainfall [i.e. their depiction of the Intraseasonal Oscillation (ISO)], the teleconnection patterns associated with each model's ISO, and the implications of the models' ISV on seasonal monsoon predictability. The results show that several of the models exhibit ISV levels at or above that found in observations with spatial patterns of ISV that resemble the observed pattern. This includes a number of rather detailed features, including the relative distribution of variability between ocean and land regions. In terms of the area-averaged variance, it is found that the fidelity of a model to represent NH summer versus winter ISV appears to be strongly linked. In addition, most models' ISO patterns do exhibit some form of northeastward propagation. However, the model ISO patterns are typically less coherent, lack sufficient eastward propagation, and have smaller zonal and meridional spatial scales than the observed patterns, and are often limited to one side or the other of the maritime continent. The most pervasive and problematic feature of the models' depiction of ISV and/or their ISO patterns is the overall lack of variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In some cases, this characteristic appears to result from some models forming double convergence zones about the equator rather than one region of strong convergence on the equator. This shortcoming results in a poor representation of the local rainfall pattern and also significantly influences the models' representations of the global-scale teleconnection patterns associated with the ISO. Finally, analysis of the model ensemble shows a positive relationship between the strength of a model's ISV of rainfall and its intra-ensemble variability of seasonal monsoon rainfall. The implications of this latter relation are discussed in the context of seasonal monsoon predictability.
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea.
Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia.
Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
Korea Meteorol Adm, Climate Predict Div, Seoul, South Korea.
RP Waliser, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM duane.waliser@sunysb.edu
RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015;
OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624
NR 113
TC 142
Z9 148
U1 5
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 5-6
BP 423
EP 446
DI 10.1007/s00382-003-0337-1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742CA
UT WOS:000186496700005
ER
PT J
AU Manning, MR
AF Manning, MR
TI The difficulty of communicating uncertainty - An editorial comment
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CLIMATE; RISK
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, IPCC Working Grp I Support Unit, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Manning, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, IPCC Working Grp I Support Unit, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 9
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 61
IS 1-2
BP 9
EP 16
DI 10.1023/A:1026309307763
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 738DU
UT WOS:000186272100002
ER
PT J
AU Vroom, PS
Smith, CM
AF Vroom, PS
Smith, CM
TI Reproductive features of Hawaiian Halimeda velasquezii (Bryopsidales,
Chlorophyta), and an evolutionary assessment of reproductive characters
in Halimeda
SO CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
DE evolution; Halimeda velasquezii; Hawaii; phylogeny; PRIMER;
reproduction; taxonomy
ID CORAL-REEFS; GREEN-ALGAE; PHYLOGENIES; SYSTEMATICS; ECOLOGY; UDOTEA
AB Reproductive features form the basis of many taxonomic and phylogenetic classification schemes, yet their relative obscurity among many green algae has led researchers to form evolutionary hypotheses based primarily on vegetative features. Here we describe reproductive characters of Halimeda velasquezii for the first time and assemble descriptive information for 19 other species of Halimeda to assess the importance of reproductive structures for delineation of species and phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Multivariate analyses reveal reproductive structures of sand-dwellings species to form a group distinct from at least one other evolutionary lineage within the genus, suggesting that reproductive characters may be evolutionarily informative. Gametophore length appears to be the most phylogenetically informative character, accounting for over 75% of differences between lineages. Most Halimeda species with multiple descriptions of reproductive characters exhibit widely divergent, nonoverlapping size characteristics between geographic locations. This may be explained by possible nonmonophyly of historical species from distant areas or specimens having been collected at different developmental stages.
C1 NOAA, Fisheries Honolulu Lab, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Kewal Basin Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Vroom, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Honolulu Lab, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Kewal Basin Res Facil, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM Peter.Vroom@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 7
PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE
PI PARIS
PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 0181-1568
J9 CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOL
JI Cryptogam. Algol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 4
BP 355
EP 370
PG 16
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 766WE
UT WOS:000188397700006
ER
PT J
AU Khatri, CA
Stansbury, JW
Schultheisz, CR
Antonucci, JM
AF Khatri, CA
Stansbury, JW
Schultheisz, CR
Antonucci, JM
TI Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane derivatives of
Bis-GMA
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE bis-GMA; dimethacrylate; urethane; polymerization shrinkage; conversion;
viscosity; alkyl isocyanate; hydrogen bonding
ID CONVERSION
AB Objectives. The aims of the study were to synthesize derivatives of Bis-GMA having pendant n-alkyl urethane substituents and to characterize and evaluate their physicochemical properties.
Methods. Stoichiometric amounts of Bis-GMA and n-alkyl isocyanates were reacted in dichloromethane with dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. Volumetric shrinkage, water uptake, degree of vinyl conversion, refractive index and viscosity of resulting urethane monomers and those of Bis-GMA were measured. The flexural strengths of their corresponding homopolymers and that of Bis-GMA were also measured.
Results. These types of urethane derivatives of Bis-GMA exhibited lower viscosities and were more hydrophobic than Bis-GMA. Generally, the viscosity of these experimental monomers decreased with increasing chain length of the alkyl urethane substituent. Photopolymerization of the new monomers gave high degrees of vinyl conversion compared to Bis-GMA. The experimental monomers also yielded polymers with lower polymerization shrinkages at equivalent degrees of vinyl conversion, than Bis-GMA. The refractive indices of these urethane derivatives were similar to Bis-GMA, but the flexural strengths of their polymers were lower than that of the Bis-GMA homopolymer, decreasing with increasing chain length of the alkyl urethane substituent.
Significance. Because of their excellent overall properties, these new derivatives of Bis-GMA have potential as dental monomers that can improve many properties of resin based dental materials that utilize methacrylate monomer systems. (C) Academy of Dental Materials Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
RP Khatri, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8545, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y1-DE-7006-0]
NR 11
TC 79
Z9 84
U1 1
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 7
BP 584
EP 588
DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00108-2
PG 5
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 723PN
UT WOS:000185440900002
PM 12901981
ER
PT J
AU Quinn, JB
Sundar, V
Lloyd, IK
AF Quinn, JB
Sundar, V
Lloyd, IK
TI Influence of microstructure and chemistry on the fracture toughness of
dental ceramics
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE dental ceramics; glass-ceramics; feldspathic porcelains; fracture
toughness; Young's modulus; microstructure; leucite
ID MICA GLASS-CERAMICS; CRACK R-CURVES; INDENTATION; PORCELAINS; STRENGTH;
ALUMINA
AB Objectives. the primary aim of this research was to measure fracture toughness for several groups of dental ceramics, and determine how this property is affected by chemistry and microstructure.
Methods. Fracture toughness (K,,) values were obtained using Single Edge Precracked Beam (SEPB) and Single Edge V-Notch Beam (SEVNB) methods. Dynamic Young's modulus, which often scales with strength and has been used in explaining the microstructure/toughness relationship on a theoretical basis, was also obtained for the three groups of materials comprising this study. The first group, consisting of micaceous glass ceramics, included model materials that varied systematically in microstructure but not in chemistry. The second group, the feldspathic porcelains, varied significantly in microstructure, but little in chemistry. The ceramics comprising the third group were significantly different in both chemistry and microstructure.
Results. Upper toughness limits for the micaceous glass-ceramics and feldspathic porcelains were significantly raised compared to the base glasses, but remained under 2 MPa m(1/2). The highest toughnesses were associated with high percent crystallinity, large grains and high aspect ratios. The third group K-1c values were 2.8 MPa m(1/2) for a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, 3.1 MPa m(1/2) for a glass-infused alumina, and 4.9 MPa m(1/2) for zirconia.
Significance. the correlations between microstructural characteristics and measured properties supports theoretical predictions in the literature. From a practical standpoint, microstructural effects were found to be important, but only within a limited range; the chemistry apparently defined a band of achievable property values. This suggests very large increases in fracture toughness are unlikely to be attained by changes in microstructure alone. A functional relationship determined for the micaceous glass-ceramics enables quantitative predictions of fracture toughness based on the microstructure. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAHF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Ceramco, Burlington, NJ 08016 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAHF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, STOP8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE10976]
NR 43
TC 73
Z9 81
U1 2
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 7
BP 603
EP 611
DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00002-2
PG 9
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 723PN
UT WOS:000185440900005
PM 12901984
ER
PT J
AU Bricker, SB
Ferreira, JG
Simas, T
AF Bricker, SB
Ferreira, JG
Simas, T
TI An integrated methodology for assessment of estuarine trophic status
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE eutrophication; estuary; index; NEEA; EU water framework directive;
model
ID COASTAL WATERS; FISH KILLS; AQUATIC VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM-MODEL;
EUTROPHICATION; SEA; DINOFLAGELLATE; SIMULATION; ENRICHMENT; MANAGEMENT
AB This paper describes an integrated methodology for the Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS), which may be applied comparatively to rank the eutrophication status of estuaries and coastal areas, and to address management options. It includes quantitative and semi-quantitative components, and uses field data, models and expert knowledge to provide Pressure-State-Response (PSR) indicators.
A substantial part of the concepts underlying the approach were developed as the United States National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (NEEA), which was applied to 138 estuaries in the continental United States. The core methodology relies on three diagnostic tools: a heuristic index of pressure (Overall Human Influence), a symptoms-based evaluation of state (Overall Eutrophic Conditions), and an indicator of management response (Definition of Future Outlook).
Recently, the methodology has been extended and refined in its application to European estuaries, and a more quantitative approach to some of the metrics has been implemented. In particular, the assessment of pressure is carried out by means of simple modeling techniques, comparing anthropogenic nutrient loading with natural background concentrations, and the quantitative criteria for classification of system state based on different symptoms have been refined to improve comparability.
The present approach has been intercalibrated with the original NEEA work, for five widely different U.S. estuaries (Long Island Sound, Neuse River, Savannah River, Florida Bay and West Mississippi Sound) with good results. ASSETS additionally aims to contribute to the EU Water Framework Directive classification system, as regards a subset of water quality and ecological parameters in transitional and coastal waters. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
IMAR, Inst Marine Res, Ctr Ecol Modelling, DCEA,FCT, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal.
RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov
OI Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X
NR 76
TC 221
Z9 259
U1 7
U2 83
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD NOV 1
PY 2003
VL 169
IS 1
BP 39
EP 60
DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00199-6
PG 22
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 742JT
UT WOS:000186514200004
ER
PT J
AU Munoz, RC
Warner, RR
AF Munoz, RC
Warner, RR
TI Alternative contexts of sex change with social control in the bucktooth
parrotfish, Sparisoma radians
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE protogyny; Scaridae; patch reefs; bachelor males; hermaphroditism
ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PROTOGYNOUS HERMAPHRODITISM; SPERM COMPETITION; MATING
SYSTEMS; MARINE GOBY; BEHAVIOR; MALES; SIZE; POPULATION; EVOLUTION
AB Social control of sex change occurs in a variety of hermaphroditic fishes; upon removal of the dominant individual, the largest individual of the opposite sex typically changes sex and acquires mating priority with the remaining members of the social group. Social control may allow a phenotypically plastic response to social situations that convey cues about the relative advantages of functioning as one sex or the other, and should be advantageous in highly heterogeneous habitats such as coral reefs. Parrotfishes (family Scaridae) are dominant members of herbivorous coral reef fish assemblages, and numerous histological examinations of gonads have demonstrated the hermaphroditic life history of many species in the family. However, social control of sex change has never been conclusively demonstrated in the parrotfishes. To test a new version of the size-advantage model for sex change, we conducted removal experiments of dominant male bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians, in St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. A total of seven females from five different reefs changed sex following removals, clearly demonstrating social control of sex change. In addition, all but one of those individuals changing sex were smaller than the largest females remaining in the harems, and this contrasts with nearly all previous studies of sex change in fishes. Sex change proceeds via a novel sequence of events when compared with previous studies. Rather than behavioral sex change preceding morphological sex change, the appearance of male coloration is followed by the development of male behavior that is fully expressed approximately 20 days after removal. We show how differing arrival rates of bachelor males at our study sites may facilitate alternative contexts of sex change, with sex change occurring within social groups in some locations and with bachelor males filling harem vacancies in other locations. Alternative contexts of sex change further illustrate the astonishing phenotypic plasticity in the social and mating behavior of parrotfishes.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RI Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013
OI Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685
NR 69
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 15
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 3
BP 307
EP 319
DI 10.1023/A:1027318422747
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 739FN
UT WOS:000186334300012
ER
PT J
AU Rice, SD
Carls, MG
Heintz, RA
Short, JW
AF Rice, SD
Carls, MG
Heintz, RA
Short, JW
TI Comment on "hydrocarbon composition and toxicity of sediments following
the Exxon valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA'
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID RECOVERY; DUCKS
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA.
RP Rice, SD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA.
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU SETAC
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 22
IS 11
BP 2539
EP 2540
DI 10.1897/02-631
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 729RV
UT WOS:000185788500001
PM 14587889
ER
PT J
AU Faraone, A
Liu, L
Mou, CY
Shih, PC
Brown, C
Copley, JRD
Dimeo, RM
Chen, SH
AF Faraone, A
Liu, L
Mou, CY
Shih, PC
Brown, C
Copley, JRD
Dimeo, RM
Chen, SH
TI Dynamics of supercooled water in mesoporous silica matrix MCM-48-S
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUIDS
AB Using three different quasielastic neutron spectrometers with widely different resolutions, we have been able to study the microscopic translational and rotational dynamics of water, in a mesoporos silica matrix MCM-48-S, from T=300 K to 220 K, with a single consistent model. We formulated our fitting routine using the relaxing cage model. Thus, from the fit of the experimental data, we extracted the fraction of water bound to the surface of the pore, the characteristic relaxation times of the long-time translational and rotational decays, the stretch exponent describing the shape of the relaxation processes, and the power exponent determining the Q-dependence of the translational relaxation time. A tremendous slowing down of the rotational relaxation time, as compared to the translational one, has been observed.
C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
Univ Messina, Dept Phys, Messina, Italy.
Univ Messina, INFM, Messina, Italy.
Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Faraone, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009;
OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1292-8941
J9 EUR PHYS J E
JI Eur. Phys. J. E
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 12
SU 1
BP S59
EP S62
DI 10.1140/epjed/e2003-01-015-3
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Applied; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 748ZA
UT WOS:000186890900015
PM 15011017
ER
PT J
AU Babrauskas, V
Peacock, RD
Reneke, PA
AF Babrauskas, V
Peacock, RD
Reneke, PA
TI Defining flashover for fire hazard calculations: Part II
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE flashover; fire hazard; heat release rate
ID COMPARTMENT FIRES
AB Comparison of available correlations and predictive models used to predict the minimum heat release rate (HRR) necessary to cause flashover show consistent trends for a range of empirical data. Nonetheless, available experimental data for HRR at flashover in compartments of similar geometry and venting show substantial scatter. Both the experimental data and theoretical predictions based on computer modeling indicate that a significant portion of the variability can be accounted for by the time period involved in the flashover. Although typically ignored in the available correlations, qualitatively a clear trend emerges-shorter exposure times increase the needed minimum HRR at flashover, due at least in part to the effects of heat transfer to the compartment surfaces. Additional measurement needs are suggested to facilitate better understanding of conditions leading to flashover. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Fire Sci & Technol Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA.
NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Babrauskas, V (reprint author), Fire Sci & Technol Inc, 9000 300th Pl SE, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA.
NR 14
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 7
BP 613
EP 622
DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00027-4
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 711GF
UT WOS:000184730700002
ER
PT J
AU Grosshandler, WL
AF Grosshandler, WL
TI The international FORUM of fire research directors: A position paper on
evaluation of structural fire resistance
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors periodically takes positions on issues dealing with the direction and implementation of fire research with the potential for significant impact on safety and/or global standards and test methods. This short communication represents the FORUM's position on structural fire resistance test methods and evaluation procedures. It is proposed that the prediction of the performance of coupled building systems to the point of impending failure in a fire be established as an overriding goal for the construction and building products industries, and that research be channeled to produce the material data bases, the new instrumentation, the expanded test facilities, and the innovative analytical methods to support the changes to standards, codes and practices that are necessary to attain this goal. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Grosshandler, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 7
BP 645
EP 650
DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00068-7
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 711GF
UT WOS:000184730700004
ER
PT J
AU Manzello, SL
Yang, JC
Cleary, TG
AF Manzello, SL
Yang, JC
Cleary, TG
TI On the interaction of a liquid droplet with a pool of hot cooking oil
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER DROPS; WEBER NUMBER; SURFACE; IMPACT; COALESCENCE; NUCLEATION;
VORTEX; SPLASH
AB An experimental study is presented for distilled water droplets impacting on a heated pool of cooking oil. The impaction process was recorded using a high-speed digital camera at 1000 frames per second. The initial droplet diameter was fixed at 3.1 +/- 0.1 mm and all experiments were performed at room temperature (20 degreesC). The impact Weber (We) number of the water droplets was fixed at 200. As the water droplet impacted the hot peanut oil pool, it fragmented, and ultimately produced a vapor explosion. Experiments were also performed applying methoxy-nonafluorobutane C4F9OCH3 (HFE-7100) to hot peanut oil with similar impact We number. Dramatic differences were observed when HFE-7100 droplets were used. At peanut oil temperatures above approximate to 180 degreesC, HFE-7100 droplets did not result in a vapor explosion. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 29
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 7
BP 651
EP 659
DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00048-1
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 711GF
UT WOS:000184730700005
ER
PT J
AU Schabetsberger, R
Morgan, CA
Brodeur, RD
Potts, CL
Peterson, WT
Emmett, RL
AF Schabetsberger, R
Morgan, CA
Brodeur, RD
Potts, CL
Peterson, WT
Emmett, RL
TI Prey selectivity and diel feeding chronology of juvenile chinook
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O-kisutch) salmon in the Columbia
River plume
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE diet feeding; predation; prey availability; salmon; selectivity
ID ATLANTIC-SALMON; GASTRIC EVACUATION; DAILY RATION;
GELATINOUS-ZOOPLANKTON; AMPHIPODA-HYPERIIDEA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC
SALMON; PINK SALMON; OREGON; WASHINGTON
AB We studied salmon feeding selectivity and diet feeding chronology in the Columbia River plume. Juvenile chinook and coho salmon were caught by trawling at 2-3 h intervals throughout a diet period on three consecutive days (21-23 June 2000) at stations located 14.8 and 37 km offshore from the mouth of the Columbia River. A total of 170 chinook salmon were caught at the inshore and 79 chinook and 98 coho salmon were caught at the offshore station. After each trawl, potential prey were sampled at different depths with 2-3 different types of nets (1-m diameter ring net, bongo net, neuston net). Despite the variability in zooplankton abundance, feeding selectivity was surprisingly constant. Both salmon species fed selectively on larger and pigmented prey such as hyperiid amphipods, larval and juvenile fish, various crab megalopae, and euphausiids. Hyperiid amphipods were abundant in the salmon diets and we hypothesize that aggregations of gelatinous zooplankton may facilitate the capture of commensal hyperiid amphipods. Small copepods and calyptopis and furcilia stages of euphausiids dominated the prey field by numbers, but were virtually absent from salmon diet. Juvenile chinook salmon, with increasing body size, consumed a larger proportion of fish. Stomach fullness peaked during morning hours and reached a minimum at night, suggesting a predominantly diurnal feeding pattern. In general, both chinook and coho salmon appear to be selective, diurnal predators, preying mostly on large and heavily pigmented prey items, in a manner consistent with visually oriented, size-selective predation.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Schabetsberger, R (reprint author), Salzburg Univ, Inst Zool, Hellbrunnerstr 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
NR 53
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 15
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 12
IS 6
BP 523
EP 540
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00231.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 749AD
UT WOS:000186895700001
ER
PT J
AU Lynn, RJ
AF Lynn, RJ
TI Variability in the spawning habitat of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax)
off southern and central California
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic backscatter; ADCP; CUFES; sardine; Sardinops sagax; spawning
ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; LA-NINA CYCLE; EL-NINO; CURRENT SYSTEM;
ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; TRANSITION ZONE; WATERS; STATE; HYDROGRAPHY;
BACKSCATTER
AB The spatial pattern of sardine spawning as revealed by the presence of sardine eggs is examined in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) and mean volume backscatter strength (MVBS) measured by a 150 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during four spring surveys off central- and southern California in 1996-99. Studies in other regions have shown that MVBS provides an excellent measure of zooplankton distribution and density. Zooplankton biomass as measured by survey net tows correlates well with concurrently measured MVBS. The high along-track resolution of egg counts provided by the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) is a good match to the ADCP-based data. Large interannual differences in the pattern and density of sardine eggs are clearly related to the concurrently observed patterns of surface temperature and MVBS. The strong spatial relationship between sardine eggs and MVBS is particularly evident because of the large contrast in zooplankton biomass between the 1998 El Nino and 1999 La Nina. The inshore distribution of sardine spawning appears to be limited by the low temperatures of freshly upwelled waters, although the value of the limiting temperature varies between years. Often there is an abrupt offshore decrease in MVBS that is coincident with the offshore boundary of sardine eggs. Possible reasons for this association of sardine eggs and high zooplankton biomass include an evolved strategy that promotes improved opportunity of an adequate food supply for subsequent larval development, and/or adult nutrient requirements for serial spawning. Hence, the distribution of these parameters can be used as an aid for delineating the boundaries of sardine spawning habitat.
C1 NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Lynn, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 41
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 4
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 12
IS 6
BP 541
EP 553
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00232.x
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 749AD
UT WOS:000186895700002
ER
PT J
AU Logerwell, EA
Mantua, N
Lawson, PW
Francis, RC
Agostini, VN
AF Logerwell, EA
Mantua, N
Lawson, PW
Francis, RC
Agostini, VN
TI Tracking environmental processes in the coastal zone for understanding
and predicting Oregon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) marine survival
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; coho salmon; General Additive Model; Oncorhynchus kisutch;
Oregon; survival
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC SALMON; WEST-COAST; SEA-LEVEL;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PRODUCTION AREA; REGIME CONCEPT; NORTH PACIFIC;
EL-NINO; OCEAN
AB To better understand and predict Oregon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) marine survival, we developed a conceptual model of processes occurring during four sequential periods: (1) winter climate prior to smolt migration from freshwater to ocean, (2) spring transition from winter downwelling to spring/summer upwelling, (3) the spring upwelling season and (4) winter ocean conditions near the end of the maturing coho's first year at sea. We then parameterized a General Additive Model (GAM) with Oregon Production Index (OPI) coho smolt-to-adult survival estimates from 1970 to 2001 and environmental data representing processes occurring during each period (presmolt winter SST, spring transition date, spring sea level, and post-smolt winter SST). The model explained a high and significant proportion of the variation in coho survival (R-2 = 0.75). The model forecast of 2002 adult survival rate ranged from 4 to 8%. Our forecast was higher than predictions based on the return of precocious males (`jacks'), and it won't be known until fall 2002 which forecast is most accurate. An advantage to our environmentally based predictive model is the potential for linkages with predictive climate models, which might allow for forecasts more than 1 year in advance. Relationships between the environmental variables in the GAM and others (such as the North Pacific Index and water column stratification) provided insight into the processes driving production in the Pacific Northwest coastal ocean. Thus, coho may be a bellwether for the coastal environment and models such as ours may apply to populations of other species in this habitat.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Logerwell, EA (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, F-AKC2,POB 15700, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 47
TC 130
Z9 131
U1 1
U2 8
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 12
IS 6
BP 554
EP 568
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00238.x
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 749AD
UT WOS:000186895700003
ER
PT J
AU Sherman, K
Ajayi, T
Anang, E
Cury, P
Diaz-de-Leon, AJ
Freon, MCMP
Hardman-Mountford, NJ
Ibe, CA
Koranteng, KA
McGlade, J
Nauen, CECC
Pauly, D
Scheren, PAGM
Skjoldal, HR
Tang, QS
Zabi, SG
AF Sherman, K
Ajayi, T
Anang, E
Cury, P
Diaz-de-Leon, AJ
Freon, MCMP
Hardman-Mountford, NJ
Ibe, CA
Koranteng, KA
McGlade, J
Nauen, CECC
Pauly, D
Scheren, PAGM
Skjoldal, HR
Tang, QS
Zabi, SG
TI Suitability of the large marine ecosystem concept
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID SHELF ECOSYSTEM; FOOD WEBS; ZOOPLANKTON; TRENDS; SEA
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NIOMR, Nigerian Inst Oceanog, Lagos, Nigeria.
Fisheries Res & Utilizat Branch, Tema, Ghana.
Univ Cape Town, Inst Rech Pour Dev IRD, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
Inst Nacl Ecol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
The Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
UNIDO Reg Off, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire.
Minist Food & Agr, Marine Fisheries Res Div, Tema, Ghana.
European Environm Agcy, DK-1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway.
Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
IRD, Ctr Rech Oceanol, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
RP Sherman, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM kenneth.sherman@noaa.gov
RI Hardman-Mountford, Nick/B-2649-2009
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 64
IS 2-3
BP 197
EP 204
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2003.09.001
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 754YV
UT WOS:000187361800012
ER
PT J
AU Norse, EA
Grimes, CB
Ralston, S
Hilborn, R
Castilla, JC
Palumbi, SR
Fraser, D
Kareiva, P
AF Norse, EA
Grimes, CB
Ralston, S
Hilborn, R
Castilla, JC
Palumbi, SR
Fraser, D
Kareiva, P
TI Marine reserves: the best option for our oceans?
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; AREAS
C1 Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Redmond, WA USA.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Ctr Estudios Avanzados Ecol & Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile.
Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
FV Muir Milach, Adak, AK USA.
Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Norse, EA (reprint author), Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Redmond, WA USA.
RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013
NR 46
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 9
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 1
IS 9
BP 495
EP 502
DI 10.2307/3868117
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 825XH
UT WOS:000221791600017
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, J
Silverstein, J
Wolters, WR
Shimizu, M
Dickhoff, WW
Shepherd, BS
AF Johnson, J
Silverstein, J
Wolters, WR
Shimizu, M
Dickhoff, WW
Shepherd, BS
TI Disparate regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in a
primitive, ictalurid, teleost (Ictalurus punctatus)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHANNEL CATFISH; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY;
HORMONE TREATMENT; MORONE-SAXATILIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; STRIPED BASS;
PITUITARY; SERUM; IGFBPS
AB Vertebrate growth is principally controlled by growth hormone (GH) and, its intermediary, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The actions of IGF-I are modulated by high-affinity binding proteins called insulin-like growth factor binding-proteins (IGFBPs). Channel catfish exhibit atypical responses (increased percentage body fat and reduced percentage protein) to GH treatment, despite GH-dependent IGF-I production. Among possible explanations for this atypical response to GH treatment is an unusual regulation of blood IGFBPs. In this species, there has been one report of a single 33-kDa plasma binding protein. To examine the occurrence and regulation of plasma IGFBPs in this species, two strains of channel catfish (Norris and USDA-103) were treated with weekly injections of recombinant bovine GH at different temperatures (21 degreesC versus 26 degreesC). In a separate experiment involving catfish of a different strain, endogenous GH levels were altered via injection of the GH secretogogue, bGHRH(1-29)-amide, and held in fresh water or transferred to brackish water (12 ppt). Following these treatments, the type and regulation of plasma IGFBPs in these catfish strains were examined by Western ligand blotting. We have identified five IGFBPs (19, 35, 44, 47, and >80 kDa) in catfish plasma that are differentially altered by experimental treatment and genetic lineage. Levels of the 19-kDa IGFBP were elevated in catfish of Norris and USDA-103 strains that were exposed to a higher environmental temperature (26 degreesC versus 21 degreesC), but was not seen in those animals used for the GH secretogogue/salinity study. In most vertebrates, treatment with GH increases levels of plasma IGFBP-3 (similar to40-50 kDa). In the USDA-103 and Norris catfish strains, bGH injection reduced plasma levels of the 44- and 47-kDa IGFBPs. Similarly, elevations in plasma GH levels in GH secretogoge-treated and brackish water-adapted catfish resulted in reductions of the 44- and 47-kDa IGFBPs as well as a reduction in presence of a 35-kDa IGFBP that was not detected in the Norris or USDA-103 strains. Reduced levels of the 35, 44, and 47 kDa IGFBPs, seen in the plasma of the GH secretogogue-treated and brackish water-adapted animals, suggests that the atypical response of channel catfish to GH treatment is not attributed to the use of heterologous (bovine) GH. This negative response of the 35-47 kDa IGFBPs to GH has not been reported in any teleost or vertebrate (healthy) and may be partly responsible for the atypical physiological responses of channel catfish to GH treatment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Shepherd, BS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 101 TH Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
NR 40
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 134
IS 2
BP 122
EP 130
DI 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00244-2
PG 9
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 734KC
UT WOS:000186053800005
PM 14511982
ER
PT J
AU Park, JH
Mitchell, MJ
McHale, PJ
Christopher, SF
Meyers, TP
AF Park, JH
Mitchell, MJ
McHale, PJ
Christopher, SF
Meyers, TP
TI Impacts of changing climate and atmospheric deposition on N and S
drainage losses from a forested watershed of the Adirondack Mountains,
New York State
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE acidic deposition; climate change; DON; DOS; dry deposition; watershed
biogeochemistry
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES;
BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK;
TEMPERATE FORESTS; SURFACE WATERS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FOREST;
DRY DEPOSITION
AB Biogeochemical responses to changing climate and atmospheric deposition were investigated using nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) mass balances, including dry deposition and organic solutes in the Arbutus Lake watershed in the Adirondack Mountains, New York State. Long-term monitoring of wet-only precipitation (NADP/NTN, 1983-2001) and dry deposition (AIRMoN, 1990-2001) at sites adjacent to the watershed showed that concentrations of SO42- in precipitation, SO42- in particles,and SO2 vapor all declined substantially (P<0.005) in contrast to no marked temporal changes observed for most N constituents (NH4+ in precipitation, HNO3 vapor, and particulate NO3-), except for NO3- in precipitation, which showed a small decrease in the late 1990s. From 1983 to 2001, concentrations of SO42- in the lake outlet significantly decreased (-2.1 mueq L-1 yr(-1), P<0.0001), whereas NO3- and dissolved organic N (DON) concentrations showed no consistent temporal trends. With the inclusion of dry deposition and DON fluxes into the mass balance, the retained portion of atmospheric N inputs within the main subcatchment increased from 37% to 60%. Sulfur outputs greatly exceeded inputs even with the inclusion of dry S deposition, while organic S flux represented another source of S output, implying substantial internal S sources. A significant relationship between the annual mean concentrations of SO42- in lake discharge and wet deposition over the last two decades (r=0.64, P<0.01) suggested a considerable influence of declining S deposition on surface water SO42- concentrations, despite substantial internal S sources. By contrast, interannual variations in both NO3- concentrations and fluxes in lake discharge were significantly related to year-to-year changes in air temperature and runoff. Snowmelt responses to winter temperature fluctuations were crucial in explaining large portions of interannual variations in watershed NO3- export during the months preceding spring snowmelt (especially, January-March). Distinctive response patterns of monthly mean concentrations of NO3- and DON in the major lake inlet to seasonal changes in air temperature also suggested climatic regulation of seasonal patterns in watershed release of both N forms. The sensitive response of N drainage losses to climatic variability might explain the synchronous patterns of decadal variations in watershed NO3- export across the northeastern USA.
C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
RP Park, JH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
NR 81
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 3
U2 24
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 9
IS 11
BP 1602
EP 1619
DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00686.x
PG 18
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 740DV
UT WOS:000186387400008
ER
PT J
AU Griffith, D
Lee, SK
AF Griffith, D
Lee, SK
TI A1+1 protection architecture for optical burst switched networks
SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE generalized multiprotocol label switched (GMPLS); JumpStart just-in-time
(JIT); optical burst switching (OBS); 1+1 protection; quality-of-service
(QoS)
ID SURVIVABILITY; INTERNET
AB High-capacity optical backbone networks protect their premium customers' information flows by routing two copies of the customer's data over disjoint paths. This scheme, known as 1 + 1 protection, provides extremely rapid recovery from network failures. In this paper, we propose an architecture by which 1 + 1 protection can be extended to optical burst switched (OBS) networks. This architecture is designed by modifying the diversity routing architecture that was originally proposed for nonoptical packet networks and recently applied to networks employing the generalized multiprotocol label switched (GMPLS) architecture. We extend the architecture developed for just-in-time OBS signaling to support 1 + 1 protection. We also examine design issues that are caused by a difference in the propagation delays of the two disjoint paths across the OBS network. We show that a sufficiently large difference in the propagation delays can cause performance degradations that may result in an unsatisfactory quality-of-service on the protected connection. We examine the impact of this delay mismatch on restoration performance, probability of burst loss, and jitter. Through analysis and simulations it is discussed how these negative effects can be eliminated.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Sejong Univ, Seoul 143747, South Korea.
RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.griffith@nist.gov
NR 21
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0733-8716
EI 1558-0008
J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM
JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 9
BP 1384
EP 1398
DI 10.1109/JSAC.2003.818231
PG 15
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 739RB
UT WOS:000186359300003
ER
PT J
AU Cimini, D
Westwater, ER
Han, Y
Keihm, SJ
AF Cimini, D
Westwater, ER
Han, Y
Keihm, SJ
TI Accuracy of ground-based microwave radiometer and balloon-borne
measurements during the WVIOP2000 field experiment
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE microwave radiometry; radiometric accuracy; radiometric calibration;
water vapor
ID WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CALIBRATION; ABSORPTION; PROGRAM;
LIQUID; CLOUD
AB We discuss the performances of a set of four microwave water vapor radiometers operating in the 20-30-GHz band during a field experiment, with an emphasis on calibration and achievable accuracy. The field experiment was conducted at the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's field site in north central Oklahoma, and was focused on clear-sky water vapor measurements by both radiometers and radiosondes. A comparison between two published radiometric tip curve calibration procedures is presented, and these procedures are applied to measurements from two nearly identical instruments placed a few meters apart. Using the instantaneous tip cal method of the Environmental Technology Laboratory, the brightness temperature measurements for the two identical instruments differed by less than 0.2 K over a 24-h period. Results from reference load cryogenic tests and brightness temperature cross comparisons have shown differences within 0.7 K. In addition, we compare radiometric measurements with calculations of brightness temperature based on the Rosenkranz absorption model and radiosonde observations. During the experiment, both Vaisala-type RS80 and RS90 humidity sensors were used. Our comparisons demonstrate the improvements achieved by the new Vaisala RS90 sensors in atmospheric humidity profiling, which reduce or eliminate the "dry bias" problem.
C1 Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67010 Coppito, Italy.
Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Appl, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Cimini, D (reprint author), Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67010 Coppito, Italy.
RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013
OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X
NR 32
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 41
IS 11
BP 2605
EP 2615
DI 10.1009/TGRS.2003.815673
PN 1
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 743KZ
UT WOS:000186572100019
ER
PT J
AU McMichael, RD
AF McMichael, RD
TI Dynamics, damping, and defects in thin ferromagnetic films
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
Estonian
DT Article
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8552, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 39
IS 6
BP 3475
EP 3475
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 755WJ
UT WOS:000187434200001
ER
PT J
AU Howe, DA
Ostrick, JR
AF Howe, DA
Ostrick, JR
TI 100-GHz cooled amplifier residual PM and AM noise measurements, noise
figure, and jitter calculations
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE AM noise; amplifier noise; jitter; noise figure; noise measurement; 100
GHz; phase modulation noise; spectral analysis
ID EFFECT TRANSISTOR-AMPLIFIERS; PHASE NOISE; AMPLITUDE
AB We report the first definitive PM and AM noise measurements at 100 GHz of indium phosphide (InP) amplifiers operating at 5 K, 77 K, and room temperature. Amplifier gain ranged from +7 to +30 dB, depending on input RF power levels and operating bias current and gate voltages. The measurement system, calibration procedure, and amplifier configuration are described along with strategies for reducing the measurement system noise floor in order to accurately make these measurements. We compute amplifier noise figure with an ideal oscillator signal applied and, based on the PM noise measurements, obtain NF = 0.8 dB, or a noise temperature of 59 K. Measurement uncertainty is estimated at +/-0.3 dB. Results show that the use of the amplifier with an ideal 100-GHz reference oscillator would set a lower limit on rms clock jitter of 44.2 fs in a 20-ps sampling interval if the power into the amplifier were - 31.6 dBm. For comparison, clock jitter is 16 fs with a commercial room-temperature amplifier operating in saturation with an input power of -6.4 dBm.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Metrol Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Ground Prod Ctr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
RP Howe, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Metrol Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 11
BP 2235
EP 2242
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.818934
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 738CN
UT WOS:000186269300012
ER
PT J
AU Zlomanov, VP
Zavrazhnov, AJ
Davydov, AV
AF Zlomanov, VP
Zavrazhnov, AJ
Davydov, AV
TI Nonstoichiometry and P-T-x diagrams of binary systems
SO INTERMETALLICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Meeting on Thermodynamics of Alloys-
CY SEP 08-13, 2002
CL ROME, ITALY
SP Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim
DE phase diagram; thermodynamic and thermochemical properties
ID NATIVE POINT-DEFECTS; HOMOGENEITY
AB A P-T-x three-dimensional space diagram forms the complete representation between pressure (P), temperature (T) and composition (x) of coexisting phases-solid (S), liquid (L) and vapor (V). It gives the number of nonstoichiometric compounds that may be formed by the components and the stability limits of phases which are in equilibrium. Definitions of stoichiometry and nonstoichiometry are given. Some features of P-T-x diagrams with nonstoichiometric compounds are considered: maximum (T-m(max)) and congruent (T-m(c)) melting points, difference between the compositions of solid (x(s)), liquid (x(L)) and vapor (x(v)): x(L)not equalx(s)not equalx(v) at maximum melting point T=T-m(max), the width and position of the homogeneity range, and the nonstoichiometry caused by defects are also discussed. A new technique for the investigation of P-T-x diagrams is presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119899, Russia.
Voronezh State Univ, Dept Gen Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zlomanov, VP (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119899, Russia.
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 10
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0966-9795
J9 INTERMETALLICS
JI Intermetallics
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 11
IS 11-12
BP 1287
EP 1291
DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00170-5
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 745KD
UT WOS:000186687100028
ER
PT J
AU Singh, RP
Roy, S
Kogan, F
AF Singh, RP
Roy, S
Kogan, F
TI Vegetation and temperature condition indices from NOAA AVHRR data for
drought monitoring over India
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of satellites has been used for mapping vegetation cover and classification employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Recently, this technique has been improved by converting NDVI with radiation measured in one of the thermal channels and converting brightness temperature into the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). These indices are being used for estimation of vegetation health and monitoring drought. The present study shows the application of vegetation and temperature condition indices for drought monitoring in India.
C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
NESDIS, NOAA, ORA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Singh, Ramesh/G-7240-2012
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X;
NR 12
TC 85
Z9 91
U1 0
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 22
BP 4393
EP 4402
DI 10.1080/0143116031000084323
PG 10
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 742DF
UT WOS:000186500100011
ER
PT J
AU Jin, ML
Treadon, RE
AF Jin, ML
Treadon, RE
TI Correcting the orbit drift effect on AVHRR land surface skin temperature
measurements
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID DIURNAL CYCLE; NOAA AVHRR; SATELLITE; INTERPOLATION; CLOUDS
AB The orbital drift of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-7, -9, -11, -14 series of satellites results in a significant cooling effect on their afternoon path Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land surface skin temperature (T-s) measurements. This effect mixes with the signal of true variations in the climate system, and thus prevents T-s from being directly used in climate change and global warming studies. This paper applies a physically based 'typical pattern technique' to remove the orbit drift effect from T-s. The technique utilizes a lookup table of representative land skin temperature diurnal cycles derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate Community Model (CCM3) coupled with the land surface model, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). The generated typical patterns of T-s diurnal cycle are functions of vegetation type, season and latitude, and are combined with satellite observations to remove the cooling effect. Applying this methodology to eighteen years of AVHRR ( 1981-1998) T-s observations yields an improved skin temperature dataset. Analysis of the drift-corrected skin temperature illustrates a warming trend at the surface over the past two decades, a result which agrees well with the observed surface air temperature trend. A discussion of uncertainties in this technique is also presented.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Jin, ML (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 26
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 22
BP 4543
EP 4558
DI 10.1080/0143116031000095943
PG 16
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 742DF
UT WOS:000186500100020
ER
PT J
AU Hurly, JJ
Gillis, KA
Mehl, JB
Moldover, MR
AF Hurly, JJ
Gillis, KA
Mehl, JB
Moldover, MR
TI The viscosity of seven gases measured with a Greenspan viscometer
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE argon; carbon tetrafluoride; Greenspan viscometer; hexafluoroethane;
methane; nitrogen; propane; sulfur hexafluoride; viscosity
ID SPEED-OF-SOUND; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC
VISCOMETER; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION;
SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; POLYATOMIC GASES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-CAPACITY
AB The viscosity of seven gases (Ar, CH4, C3H8, N-2, SF6, CF4, C2F6) was determined by interpreting frequency-response data from a Greenspan acoustic viscometer with a detailed model developed by Gillis, Mehl, and Moldover. The model contains a parameter epsilon(r) that characterizes the viscous dissipation at the ends of the viscometer's duct. It was difficult to determine epsilon(r) accurately from dimensional measurements; therefore, epsilon(r) was adjusted to fit the viscosity of helium on the 298 K isotherm (0.6 MPa
2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XB
UT WOS:000186426600001
ER
PT J
AU Matrosov, SY
Shupe, MD
Heymsfield, AJ
Zuidema, P
AF Matrosov, SY
Shupe, MD
Heymsfield, AJ
Zuidema, P
TI Ice cloud optical thickness and extinction estimates from radar
measurements
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
WATER-CONTENT; VERTICAL PROFILES; PARTICLE HABITS; CLIMATE MODELS;
DOPPLER RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; RETRIEVALS
AB A remote sensing method is proposed to derive vertical profiles of the visible extinction coefficients in ice clouds from measurements of the radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity taken by a vertically pointing 35-GHz cloud radar. The extinction coefficient and its vertical integral, optical thickness tau, are among the fundamental cloud optical parameters that, to a large extent, determine the radiative impact of clouds. The results obtained with this method could be used as input for different climate and radiation models and for comparisons with parameterizations that relate cloud microphysical parameters and optical properties. An important advantage of the proposed method is its potential applicability to multicloud situations and mixed-phase conditions. In the latter case, it might be able to provide the information on the ice component of mixed-phase clouds if the radar moments are dominated by this component. The uncertainties of radar-based retrievals of cloud visible optical thickness are estimated by comparing retrieval results with optical thicknesses obtained independently from radiometric measurements during the yearlong Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment. The radiometric measurements provide a robust way to estimate t but are applicable only to optically thin ice clouds without intervening liquid layers. The comparisons of cloud optical thicknesses retrieved from radar and from radiometer measurements indicate an uncertainty of about 77% and a bias of about -14% in the radar estimates of t relative to radiometric retrievals. One possible explanation of the negative bias is an inherently low sensitivity of radar measurements to smaller cloud particles that still contribute noticeably to the cloud extinction. This estimate of the uncertainty is in line with simple theoretical considerations, and the associated retrieval accuracy should be considered good for a nonoptical instrument, such as radar. This paper also presents relations between radar-derived characteristic cloud particle sizes and effective sizes used in models. An average relation among tau, cloud ice water path, and the layer mean value of cloud particle characteristic size is also given. This relation is found to be in good agreement with in situ measurements. Despite a high uncertainty of radar estimates of extinction, this method is useful for many clouds where optical measurements are not available because of cloud multilayering or opaqueness.
C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
CNR, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Shupe,
Matthew/F-8754-2011
OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982
NR 36
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 11
BP 1584
EP 1597
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1584:ICOTAE>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XB
UT WOS:000186426600004
ER
PT J
AU Torres, SM
Zrnic, DS
AF Torres, SM
Zrnic, DS
TI Whitening in range to improve weather radar spectral moment estimates.
Part I: Formulation and simulation
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER; REFLECTIVITY; PULSE; SIGNALS; NUMBER; ECHOES
AB A method for estimation of spectral moments on pulsed weather radars is presented. This scheme operates on oversampled echoes in range; that is, samples of in-phase and quadrature-phase components are collected at a rate several times larger than the reciprocal of the transmitted pulse length. The spectral moments are estimated by suitably combining weighted averages of these oversampled signals in range with usual processing of samples (spaced at the pulse repetition time) at a fixed range location. The weights in range are derived from a whitening transformation; hence, the oversampled signals become uncorrelated and, consequently, the variance of the estimates decreases significantly. Because the estimate errors are inversely proportional to the volume scanning times, it follows that storms can be surveyed much faster than is possible with current processing methods, or equivalently, for the current volume scanning time, accuracy of the estimates can be greatly improved. This significant improvement is achievable at large signal-to-noise ratios.
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 31
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1433
EP 1448
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1433:WIRTIW>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XL
UT WOS:000186427900001
ER
PT J
AU Ivic, IR
Zrnic, DS
Torres, SM
AF Ivic, IR
Zrnic, DS
Torres, SM
TI Whitening in range to improve weather radar spectral moment estimates.
Part II: Experimental evaluation
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Demonstration of a method for improved Doppler spectral moment estimation is made on NOAA's research and development Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Norman, Oklahoma. Time series data have been recorded using a commercial processor and digital receiver whereby the sampling frequency is several times larger than the reciprocal of the transmitted pulse width. The in-phase and quadrature-phase components of oversampled weather signals are used to estimate the first three spectral moments by suitably combining weighted averages in range with usual processing at fixed range locations. The weights are chosen in such a manner that the resulting signals become uncorrelated. Consequently, the variance of estimates decreases significantly as is verified by this experiment.
C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 12
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1449
EP 1459
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1449:WIRTIW>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XL
UT WOS:000186427900002
ER
PT J
AU Fujiwara, M
Shiotani, M
Hasebe, F
Vomel, H
Oltmans, SJ
Ruppert, PW
Horinouchi, T
Tsuda, T
AF Fujiwara, M
Shiotani, M
Hasebe, F
Vomel, H
Oltmans, SJ
Ruppert, PW
Horinouchi, T
Tsuda, T
TI Performance of the meteolabor ''Snow White'' chilled-mirror hygrometer
in the tropical troposphere: Comparisons with the Vaisala RS80
A/H-Humicap sensors
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURES; RADIOSONDE; OZONE
AB The "Snow White'' hygrometer is a low-cost, chilled-mirror hygrometer for radiosonde applications provided by a Swiss company, Meteolabor AG. A total of 54 Snow White soundings were conducted at five tropical stations in different seasons in 2000-01. All soundings were made with Vaisala RS80 radiosondes equipped either with the A-Humicap (22 soundings) or H-Humicap (32) relative humidity (RH) sensor. Comparisons of the RH with respect to liquid water between the Snow White and the different RS80 Humicap sensors are made. The Snow White measurements show reasonable agreement with the H-Humicap measurements from the surface up to similar to12 km (above -50degreesC air temperature), the region where the H-Humicap sensor can be considered reliable. Above 12 km, the H-Humicap sensor tends to miss small vertical-scale structures in RH due to the time lag error, but on average both instruments show no significant difference up to 14 km(-65degreesC). The comparison between the Snow White and A-Humicap sensors shows the known A-Humicap dry bias error at low temperatures and second dry bias error in the wet lower troposphere. The latter error [(A-Humicap RH)similar or equal to0.93 (Snow White RH) above 50% RH] may be a common problem for the recent A-Humicap sensors. These intercomparisons confirm the validity of the Snow White measurements at least up to the tropical upper troposphere and above 3%-6% RH.
C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
Kyoto Univ, Radio Sci Ctr Space & Atmosphere, Kyoto, Japan.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
Meteolab AG, Wetzikon, Switzerland.
RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
RI Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012; Horinouchi, Takeshi/K-8535-2012; tsuda,
toshitaka/A-3035-2015
OI Horinouchi, Takeshi/0000-0002-2296-1975;
NR 11
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1534
EP 1542
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1534:POTMSW>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XL
UT WOS:000186427900009
ER
PT J
AU Vomel, H
Fujiwara, M
Shiotani, M
Hasebe, F
Oltmans, SJ
Barnes, JE
AF Vomel, H
Fujiwara, M
Shiotani, M
Hasebe, F
Oltmans, SJ
Barnes, JE
TI The behavior of the Snow White chilled-mirror hygrometer in extremely
dry conditions
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The Snow White hygrometer, made by Meteolabor AG, Switzerland, is a new chilled-mirror instrument using a thermoelectric Peltier cooler to measure atmospheric water vapor. Its performance under dry conditions is evaluated in simultaneous measurements using the NOAA/CMDL frost-point hygrometer at Boulder, Colorado; San Cristobal, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Watukosek, Indonesia; and Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii.
The Snow White exhibits a lower detection limit of about 3%-6% relative humidity, depending on the sensor configuration. This detection limit is determined by the temperature depression attainable by the thermoelectric cooler. In some cases, loss of frost-point control within layers with relative humidity below this detection limit caused inaccurate measurements above these dry layers, where the relative humidity was within the detection range of the instrument.
The sensor does not operate in the stratosphere because of the large frost-point depression and the large potential for outgassing of water from the instrument box and the sensor housing. The instrument has some capabilities in the tropical tropopause region; however, the results are somewhat mixed.
C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan.
Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
RP Vomel, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012
NR 9
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1560
EP 1567
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1560:TBOTSW>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XL
UT WOS:000186427900012
ER
PT J
AU Tatarskii, VI
AF Tatarskii, VI
TI Multi-Gaussian representation of the Cox-Munk distribution for slopes of
wind-driven waves
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; OCEAN SURFACE; STATISTICS
AB The Cox-Munk probability density function (PDF) for slopes (gamma(x), gamma(y)) of wind-driven ocean waves was obtained about 50 years ago and until now has remained the most complete result. This PDF is widely used in different applications. With respect to the problem of wave scattering from a sea surface, this PDF completely determines the scattering lidar cross sections. For K-u and C bands this PDF is important for radars and thermal radiation at small grazing angles. Unfortunately, the analytical representation of the Cox-Munk PDF has an imperfection because in certain regions of slopes it leads to negative probabilities. This feature is a consequence of the general theorem proven by Marcinkiewicz that any truncated cumulant expansion (except in the case of Gaussian distribution) cannot represent a true PDF. An alternative representation of a non-Gaussian multivariate PDF is used. Any non-Gaussian PDF is presented as a linear combination of Gaussian functions having different weights, mean values (γ) over barx, (γ) over bary, and covariance matrixes {, , }. To find these parameters, the Cox-Munk PDF is approximated in a region where it is positive as a result of such a linear combination. The results are for a wind speed range between 5 and 15 m s(-1). The method used is rather general and can be employed in the wide class of statistical problems dealing with non-Gaussian multivariate distributions. The representation of the PDF presented in this paper allows the calculation in a closed analytical form of all mean values appearing in the theory of electromagnetic wave scattering from the sea surface.
C1 ZEL Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tatarskii, VI (reprint author), ZEL Technol LLC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1697
EP 1705
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1697:MROTCD>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XL
UT WOS:000186427900023
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
Herckes, P
Feingold, G
Lee, T
Collett, JL
Kreidenweis, SM
AF Ervens, B
Herckes, P
Feingold, G
Lee, T
Collett, JL
Kreidenweis, SM
TI On the drop-size dependence of organic acid and formaldehyde
concentrations in fog
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE aqueous phase chemistry; fog; formaldehyde; modelling; organic acid;
uptake
ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CLOUD DROPLETS;
DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; STRASBOURG FRANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RADIATION FOGS;
SULFUR-DIOXIDE; URBAN AREA; HENRYS LAW
AB Concentration differences between small (r < 8.5 μm) and large droplets (r > 8.5 mum) were observed for formic acid, acetic acid and formaldehyde in fog droplets collected in California's Central Valley. The concentration ratios (large/small droplets) of these compounds were investigated by a stepwise model approach. Assuming thermodynamic equilibrium (K-H(eff)) results in an overestimate of the concentration ratios. Considering the time dependence of gas phase diffusion and interfacial mass transport, it appears that the lifetime of fog droplets might be sufficiently long to enable phase equilibrium for formaldehyde and acetic acid, but not for formic acid (at pH approximate to7). Oxidation by the OH radical has no effect on formaldehyde concentrations but reduces formic acid concentrations uniformly in all drop size classes. The corresponding reaction for acetic acid is less efficient so that only in large droplets, where replenishment is slowed because the uptake rate of acid from the gas phase is slower, is the acid concentration reduced leading to a smaller concentration ratio. Formaldehyde concentrations in fog can be higher than predicted by Henry's Law due to the formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate. Its formation is dependent on the sulfur(IV) concentration. At high pH values the uptake rate for sulfur(IV) is drop-size dependent. However, the observed concentration ratios for formaldehyde cannot be fully explained by the adduct formation. Finally, it is estimated that mixing effects, i.e., the combination of individual droplets into a bulk sample, have a minor influence (< 15%) on the measured heterogeneities.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Ervens, B (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Herckes, Pierre/E-6824-2011; Ervens,
Barbara/D-5495-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Kreidenweis,
Sonia/E-5993-2011
OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Herckes,
Pierre/0000-0002-0205-3187; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635;
Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914
NR 66
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 8
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7764
J9 J ATMOS CHEM
JI J. Atmos. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 46
IS 3
BP 239
EP 269
DI 10.1023/A:1026393805907
PG 31
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 737VY
UT WOS:000186253500002
ER
PT J
AU Abdulagatov, MM
Azizov, ND
AF Abdulagatov, MM
Azizov, ND
TI Viscosity for aqueous Li2SO4 solutions at temperatures from 298 to 575 K
and at pressures up to 30 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM-SULFATE; CONDUCTIVITY
AB Viscosities of four aqueous Li2SO4 solutions [(0.10, 0.28, 0.56, and 0.885) mol(.)kg(-1)] have been measured in the liquid phase with a capillary flow technique. Measurements were made at four isobars [(0.1, 10, 20, and 30) MPa]. The range of temperatures was from (298 to 575) K. The total uncertainties of viscosity, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 1.5%, 0.05%, 10 mK and 0.014%, respectively. The reliability and accuracy of the experimental method were confirmed with measurements on pure water for three isobars [(10, 20, and 30) MPa] and at temperatures between (298 and 575) K. The experimental and calculated values from the IAPWS (International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam) formulation for the viscosity of pure water show excellent agreement within their experimental uncertainty (AAD is about 0.51%). A correlation equation for viscosity was obtained as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition by a least-squares method from the experimental data. The AAD between measured and calculated values from this correlation equation for the viscosity was 0.7% for pure water and 0.74% for the solutions. The measured values of viscosity at atmospheric pressure were compared with the data reported in the literature by other authors.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Abdulagatov, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 48
IS 6
BP 1549
EP 1556
DI 10.1021/je030177j
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 743NK
UT WOS:000186579200035
ER
PT J
AU Kitajima, H
Kagawa, N
Endo, H
Tsuruno, S
Magee, JW
AF Kitajima, H
Kagawa, N
Endo, H
Tsuruno, S
Magee, JW
TI Isochoric heat capacities of alkanols and their aqueous mixtures
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 22-27, 2003
CL BOULDER, COLORADO
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; WATER MIXTURES;
HIGH-PRESSURE; 200 MPA; 320 K; VOLUME
AB Isochoric heat capacities (c(v)) of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol and binary mixtures of water with each of these alkanols were measured in the temperature range from 280 to 420 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa. The measurements were carried out on liquid-phase samples with a twin-cell type adiabatic calorimeter. Liquid densities were also reported in this work on the basis of the mass of the sample and the volume of the calorimetric cell. The experimental expanded uncertainty (with a coverage factor k = 2) of temperature measurements is +/-13 mK, and that of pressure measurements is +/-8 kPa. The expanded relative uncertainty for isochoric heat capacity is estimated to be +/-2.2% for the liquid-phase measurements, and for density it is +/-0.16%. The behavior of c(v) is anomolous, indicating that alkanol + water mixtures are strongly associated due to the influence of hydrogen bonds.
C1 Natl Def Acad, Dept Mech Syst Engn, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan.
Natl Def Acad, Dept Appl Phys, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kitajima, H (reprint author), Natl Def Acad, Dept Mech Syst Engn, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan.
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 48
IS 6
BP 1583
EP 1586
DI 10.1021/je034101z
PG 4
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 743NK
UT WOS:000186579200042
ER
PT J
AU Goldberg, RN
Tewari, YB
AF Goldberg, RN
Tewari, YB
TI Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reactions of adenosine 3 ',5
'-(cyclic)phosphate(aq) and phosphoenolpyruvate(aq); the standard molar
formation properties of 3 ',5 '-(cyclic)phosphate(aq) and
phosphoenolpyruvate(aq)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE adenosine 3 ',5 '-(cyclic)phosphate; alkaline phosphatase; calorimetry;
chemical thermodynamics; enthalpy; entropy; Gibbs free energy;
phosphodiesterase 3 ',5 '-cyclic nucleotide; phosphoenolpyruvate
ID PYRUVATE-PHOSPHATE DIKINASE; ADENYLATE CYCLASE REACTION; KINASE
REACTION; EQUILIBRIUM; THERMOCHEMISTRY; 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; REVERSIBILITY;
ENZYME; CONSTANTS; ENTHALPY
AB Molar calorimetric enthalpy changes Delta(r)H(m)(cal) have been measured for the biochemical reactions {cAMP(aq)+H2O(1)=AMP(aq)} and {PEP(aq)+H2O(1)=pyruvate(aq)+phosphate(aq)}. The reactions were catalyzed, respectively, by phosphodiesterase 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide and by alkaline phosphatase. The results were analyzed by using a chemical equilibrium model to obtain values of standard molar enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H(m)(o), for the respective reference reactions {cAMP(-)(aq)+H2O(1)=HAMP(-)(aq)} and {PEp(3-)(aq)+H2O(1)= pyruvate(-)(aq) + HPO42- (aq)}. Literature values of the apparent equilibrium constants K' for the reactions {ATP(aq)=cAMP(aq)+pyrophosphate(aq)}, {ATP(aq)+pyruvate(aq)=ADP(aq) + PEP(aq)}, and {ATP(aq) + pyruvate(aq) + phosphate(aq) = AMP(aq) + PEP(aq) + pyrophosphate(aq)} were also analyzed by using the chemical equilibrium model. These calculations yielded values of the equilibrium constants K and standard molar Gibbs free energy changes A(r)G(m)(o) for ionic reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions. Combination of the standard molar reaction property values (K, Delta(r)H(m)(o), and Delta(r)G(m)(o)) with the standard molar formation properties of the AMP, ADP, ATP, pyrophosphate, and pyruvate species led to values of the standard molar enthalpy Delta(f)H(m)(o) and Gibbs free energy of formation Delta(f)G(m)(o) and the standard partial molar entropy S-m(o) of the cAMP and PEP species. The thermochemical network appears to be reasonably well reinforced and thus lends some confidence to the accuracy of the calculated property values of the variety of species involved in the several reactions considered herein. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 39
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 35
IS 11
BP 1809
EP 1830
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2003.08.002
PG 22
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 750JN
UT WOS:000186987700006
ER
PT J
AU Wilcox, EM
AF Wilcox, EM
TI Spatial and temporal scales of precipitating tropical cloud systems in
satellite imagery and the NCAR CCM3
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WINTER MONSOON; INDIAN-OCEAN; CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; RESIDENCE TIMES;
MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CLUSTERS; CYCLE; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT
AB Testing general circulation model parameterizations against observations is traditionally done by comparing simulated and observed, time-averaged quantities, such as monthly mean cloud cover, evaluated on a stationary grid. This approach ignores the dynamical aspects of clouds, such as their life cycle characteristics, spatial coverage, temporal duration, and internal variability. In this study, a complementary Lagrangian approach to the validation of modeled tropical cloudiness is explored. An automated cloud detection and tracking algorithm is used to observe and track overcast decks of cloud in a consecutive set of hourly Meteosat-5 images and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model version 3 (NCAR CCM3). The algorithm is applied to the deep convective cloud systems of the tropical Indian Ocean region during a 49-day period of the 1999 winter monsoon season. Observations of precipitation are taken from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite in addition to a Meteosat-5 infrared rainfall technique that is calibrated using the TRMM data.
Clouds, defined as overcast decks, are observed spanning spatial scales from 25 km(2) to greater than 10(7) km(2), as well as temporal scales from 1 h to greater than 100 h. Semipermanent decks of anvil and cirrus cloud, with numerous regions of deep convection embedded within, dominate total cloud cover. Bridging between convective centers within the deck by cirrus clouds, particularly during the suppressed portion of the diurnal cycle of convection, may help to maintain the integrity of semipermanent overcast decks over long timescales. At scales greater than 10(6) km(2) the size distribution of simulated clouds is biased such that the dominant scale of clouds is several million square kilometers larger than the dominant scale of observed clouds. Virtually all of the simulated precipitation occurs at rain rates lower than 2 mm h(-1), while as much as 25% of observed precipitation occurs at rain rates higher than 2 mm h(-1). Precipitation associated with deep convection in observed semipermanent cloud systems is organized into more localized mesoscale structures of adjacent convective cells attached to stratiform precipitation regions. A separate analysis of TRMM data by Wilcox and Ramanathan determined that such structures can exceed the size of grid cells in coarse-grid global models and have area-averaged rain rates up to and exceeding 2 mm h(-1). These mesoscale convective systems are responsible for the extreme, episodic precipitation events that are not parameterized in the model. The simulated cloud systems gently precipitate throughout their duration and everywhere within their boundaries. The model lacks a process that acts to organize the convective cells within fewer grid cells, in addition to a representation of the observed stratiform precipitation structures. A modification to CCM3 is tested that is intended to account for the evaporation of upper-level precipitation in midlevel mesoscale downdrafts. The modification results in only a slight change in domain-averaged precipitation. However, it causes a significant shift in the distribution of precipitation toward higher rain rates that is more consistent with the distribution of TRMM observed rain rates. The modification demonstrates the sensitivity of the model to one important component of mesoscale organized convection.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Wilcox, EM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 16
IS 22
BP 3545
EP 3559
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3545:SATSOP>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742MT
UT WOS:000186522100001
ER
PT J
AU Straus, D
Shukla, J
Paolino, D
Schubert, S
Suarez, M
Pegion, P
Kumar, A
AF Straus, D
Shukla, J
Paolino, D
Schubert, S
Suarez, M
Pegion, P
Kumar, A
TI Predictability of the seasonal mean atmospheric circulation during
autumn, winter, and spring
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SST ANOMALIES; EL-NINO;
ENSO; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATIONS
AB The predictability of the autumn, boreal winter, and spring seasons with foreknowledge of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is studied using ensembles of seasonal simulations of three general circulation models (GCMs): the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA) GCM, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Seasonal to Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) GCM, and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) GCM. Warm-minus-cold composites of the ensemble mean and observed tropical Pacific precipitation, averaged for the three warmest El Nino and three coldest La Nina winters, show large positive anomalies near the date line that extend eastward to the South American coast. The same is true for composites of the spring following the event. In the composites of the autumn preceding the event, the precipitation is weaker and shifted off the equator in the far eastern Pacific, where equatorial SSTs are too low to support convection. The corresponding boreal winter 200-hPa height composites show strong signals in the Tropics and midlatitudes of both hemispheres. The subsequent spring composites are similar, but weaker in the northern extratropics. In the preceding autumn composites, the overall height signal is quite weak, except in the southern Pacific.
The model dependence of the signal (variance of ensemble means) and noise (variance about the ensemble means) of the seasonal mean 200-hPa height is small, a result that holds for all three seasons and is in contrast to earlier studies. The signal-to-noise ratio is significantly greater than unity in the Tropics (all seasons), the northern Pacific and continental North America subtropics (boreal winter and spring), and the southern Pacific subtropics (boreal autumn).
Rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis of the tropical Pacific SST recovers El Nino-like dominant patterns in boreal winter and spring, but emphasizes two SST patterns in autumn, one with largest SST in the far eastern tropical Pacific and one with a maximum nearer the date line. Two methods are used to assess the precipitation and height field responses to these patterns: linear regression of the ensemble means on the principal component (PC) time series of SST and identification of patterns that optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. The two methods yield remarkably similar results.
The optimal height patterns for boreal winter and spring are similar, although the spring response over the northern extratropics is somewhat weaker, and some subtle changes in phase are found in all three GCMs. The associated optimal time series have serial correlations with the leading PC of SST that exceed 0.9 for all GCMs for winter and spring. For autumn the time series of the leading two optimal patterns each has a serial correlation with the corresponding PC of SST that exceeds 0.7 for the COLA and NSIPP GCMs. The autumn 200-hPa-height leading optimal pattern (response to eastern Pacific SST) is quite weak, representing nearly uniform tropical warming. The second optimal pattern (response to central Pacific SST) shows a robust wave train in the southern Pacific, with a consistent belt of low height over northern midlatitudes.
C1 Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA.
RP Straus, D (reprint author), 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Ste 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012
NR 33
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 16
IS 22
BP 3629
EP 3649
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3629:POTSMA>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742MT
UT WOS:000186522100007
ER
PT J
AU Bergman, JW
Sardeshmukh, PD
AF Bergman, JW
Sardeshmukh, PD
TI Usefulness of single column model diagnosis through short-term
predictions
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD ENSEMBLE; CLIMATE MODELS; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION;
SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS; MONSOON
AB Single column models (SCMs) provide an economical framework for developing and diagnosing representations of diabatic processes in weather and climate models. Their economy is achieved at the price of ignoring interactions with the circulation dynamics and with neighboring columns. It has recently been emphasized that this decoupling can lead to spurious error growth in SCM integrations that can totally obscure the error growth due to errors in the column physics that one hopes to isolate through such integrations. This paper suggests one way around this "existential crisis'' of single column modeling. The basic idea is to focus on short-term SCM forecast errors, at ranges of 6 h or less, before a grossly unrealistic model state develops and before complex diabatic interactions render a clear diagnosis impossible.
To illustrate, a short-term forecast error diagnosis of the NCAR SCM is presented for tropical conditions observed during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). The 21-day observing period is divided into 84 6-h segments for this purpose. The SCM error evolution is shown to be nearly linear over these 6-h segments and, indeed, apart from a vertical mean bias, to be mainly an extrapolation of initial tendencies. The latter are then decomposed into contributions by various components of the column physics, and additional 6-h integrations are performed with each component separately and in combination with others to assess its contribution to the 6-h errors. Initial tendency and 6-h error diagnostics thus complement each other in diagnosing column physics errors by this approach.
Although the SCM evolution from one time step to the next is nearly linear, the finite-amplitude adjustments made multiple times within each time step to the temperature and humidity to remove supersaturation and convective instabilities make it necessary to consider nonlinear interactions between the column physics components. One such particularly strong interaction is identified between vertical diffusion and deep convection. The former, though nominally small, is shown to have a profound impact on both the amplitude and timing of the latter, and thence on the small imbalance between the total diabatic heating and adiabatic cooling of ascent in the column. The SCM diagnosis thus suggests that misrepresentation of this interaction, in addition to that of the interacting components themselves, might be a major contributor to the NCAR GCM's tropical simulation errors.
C1 NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bergman, JW (reprint author), Mail Code R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 16
IS 22
BP 3803
EP 3819
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3803:UOSCMD>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742MT
UT WOS:000186522100018
ER
PT J
AU Coles, S
Simiu, E
AF Coles, S
Simiu, E
TI Estimating uncertainty in the extreme value analysis of data generated
by a hurricane simulation model
SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE uncertainty; data analysis; hurricanes; simulation models; wind speed
AB Extreme value analyses of any environmental phenomenon are fraught with difficulties, but the additional difficulty of collecting reliable data during hurricane events makes their analysis even more complicated. A widely accepted procedure is to use calibrated hurricane models to simulate hurricane events. The simulated data can then be subjected to standard extreme value procedures. The estimation uncertainties which arise from such analyses depend upon (1) the extent to which the hurricane models are physically realistic, (2) the length of the simulated series, which consists of about 1,000 or even 10,000 simulated events, and therefore introduces negligible errors, and (3) the length of the historical record on which the simulations are based, which usually consists of about 50 events. In this paper, we propose the use of resampling schemes in an attempt to obtain some reasonable measure of uncertainties due to the relatively short length of the historical record. An intuitive, "naive" procedure is first described, which leads to an alternative approach that has connections with the statistical procedure of bootstrapping. Standard application of these procedures for extremes induces bias, and we propose a simple, though nonstandard method for reducing this effect. The results are illustrated in detail for a dataset of simulated hurricane wind speeds corresponding to a location in Florida and are also summarized for a sequence of 55 locations along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic coasts.
C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Coles, S (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England.
NR 9
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9399
J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE
JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 11
BP 1288
EP 1294
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:11(1288)
PG 7
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 733GC
UT WOS:000185990700007
ER
PT J
AU Wright, JD
Moldover, MR
Johnson, AN
Mizuno, A
AF Wright, JD
Moldover, MR
Johnson, AN
Mizuno, A
TI Volumetric gas flow standard with uncertainty of 0.02% to 05%
SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
AB A new pressure, volume, temperature, and time (PVTt) primary gas flow standard for calibrating flowmeters has an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of between 0.02% and 0.05%. The standard diverts a steady flow into a collection tank of known volume during a measured time interval. The standard spans the flow range of 1 slm(1) to 2000 slm using two collection tanks (34 L and 677 L) and two flow diversion systems. We describe the features of the standard and analyze its uncertainty. The thermostatted collection novel. tank allows determination of the average gas temperature to 7 mK (0.0023%) within an equilibration time of 20 min. We developed a mass cancellation procedure that reduced the uncertainty contributions from the inventory volume to 0.017% at the highest flow rate. Flows were independently measured throughout the overlapping flow range of the two systems and they agreed within 0.015%. The larger collection system was evaluated at high flows by comparing single and double diversions; the maximum difference was 0.0075%.
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA.
Kogakuin Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan.
EM john.wright@nist.gov
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0098-2202
J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME
JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 125
IS 6
BP 1058
EP 1066
DI 10.1115/1.1624428
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 764ZX
UT WOS:000188242900015
ER
PT J
AU Harber, DM
McGuirk, JM
Obrecht, JM
Cornell, EA
AF Harber, DM
McGuirk, JM
Obrecht, JM
Cornell, EA
TI Thermally induced losses in ultra-cold atoms magnetically trapped near
room-temperature surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MANIPULATION; MIRROR; FORCE
AB We have measured magnetic trap lifetimes of ultra-cold Rb-87 atoms at distances of 5-1000 mum from surfaces of conducting metals with varying resistivity. Good agreement is found with a theoretical model for losses arising from near-field magnetic thermal noise, confirming the complications associated with holding trapped atoms close to conducting surfaces. A dielectric surface (silicon) was found in contrast to be so benign that we are able to evaporatively cool atoms to a Bose-Einstein condensate by using the surface to selectively adsorb higher energy atoms.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Harber, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 28
TC 122
Z9 122
U1 0
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 133
IS 3-4
BP 229
EP 238
DI 10.1023/A:1026084606385
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 730EH
UT WOS:000185815900001
ER
PT J
AU Saha, A
Shah, SR
Raj, R
Russek, SE
AF Saha, A
Shah, SR
Raj, R
Russek, SE
TI Polymer-derived SiCN composites with magnetic properties
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON CARBONITRIDE; TEMPERATURE
AB Composites consisting of particles of alpha-iron dispersed in silicon carbonitride (SiCN) were fabricated by a polymer route. The composites had iron inclusions with the same magnetization as bulk iron, but they resisted oxidation up to 500 degreesC and had a hardness of 5-7 GPa. The composites behaved as ferromagnets, albeit with a low susceptibility attributed to the pinning of the domains by imperfect interfaces and to the elastic resistance from the SiCN matrix. This low-cost, low-temperature processing method can be used to make different kinds of ceramic composites with multifunctional properties.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Saha, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797
NR 6
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 9
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 11
BP 2549
EP 2551
DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0356
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 739ZX
UT WOS:000186377300005
ER
PT J
AU Damiao, V
Anderson, DZ
AF Damiao, V
Anderson, DZ
TI The geometry underlying photorefractive two-beam coupling
SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE nonlinear optics; photorefractive; dynamic holography; tubing coupling;
optical processing
ID STEADY-STATE SOLUTION; GROUP SYMMETRY; DYNAMICS
AB We cast the theory of photorefractive two-beam coupling in geometrical terms and derive a closed form solution to the problem of two-beam coupling with time-dependent fields that evolve in such a way as to give rise to a stationary index of a refraction grating. The geometrical approach treats the optical field amplitudes in terms of vectors whose spatial dynamics is governed by a Hamiltonian. A density matrix formed from the optical fieldvectors is shown to have particularly simple dynamics. We derive a formula for a transfer matrix that accommodates complex coupling coefficients and that can be used to calculate the instantaneous output of the photorefractive grating given any input. The geometrical picture of photorefractive two-beam coupling is pedagogically developed through several specific examples.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Damiao, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1464-4258
J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP
JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 5
IS 6
BP S536
EP S549
AR PII S1464-4258(03)66618-3
DI 10.1088/1464-4258/5/6/023
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 748BY
UT WOS:000186843300024
ER
PT J
AU Grachev, AA
Fairall, CW
Hare, JE
Edson, JB
Miller, SD
AF Grachev, AA
Fairall, CW
Hare, JE
Edson, JB
Miller, SD
TI Wind stress vector over ocean waves
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROGRESSIVE WATER-WAVE; RADAR CROSS-SECTION;
TURBULENT-FLOW; COORDINATE SYSTEM; SURFACE-WAVES; MOMENTUM FLUX;
AIR-FLOW; SEA; DEPENDENCE
AB Previous investigations of the wind stress in the marine surface layer have primarily focused on determining the stress magnitude (momentum flux) and other scalar variables (e.g., friction velocity, drag coefficient, roughness length). However, the stress vector is often aligned with a direction different from that of the mean wind flow. In this paper, the focus is on the study of the stress vector direction relative to the mean wind and surface-wave directions. Results based on measurements made during three field campaigns onboard the R/P Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) in the Pacific are discussed. In general, the wind stress is a vector sum of the 1) pure shear stress (turbulent and viscous) aligned with the mean wind shear, 2) wind-wave-induced stress aligned with the direction of the pure wind-sea waves, and 3) swell-induced stress aligned with the swell direction. The direction of the wind-wave-induced stress and the swell-induced stress components may coincide with, or be opposite to, the direction of wave propagation (pure wind waves and swell, respectively). As a result, the stress vector may deviate widely from the mean wind flow, including cases in which stress is directed across or even opposite to the wind.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Atmospher Turbulence Lab, Irvine, CA USA.
Russian Acad Sci, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia.
RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820
NR 53
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 33
IS 11
BP 2408
EP 2429
DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2408:WSVOOW>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 735GF
UT WOS:000186103500015
ER
PT J
AU Rothman, LS
Barbe, A
Benner, DC
Brown, LR
Camy-Peyret, C
Carleer, MR
Chance, K
Clerbaux, C
Dana, V
Devi, VM
Fayt, A
Flaud, JM
Gamache, RR
Goldman, A
Jacquemart, D
Jucks, KW
Lafferty, WJ
Mandin, JY
Massie, ST
Nemtchinov, V
Newnham, DA
Perrin, A
Rinsland, CP
Schroeder, J
Smith, KM
Smith, MAH
Tang, K
Toth, RA
Vander Auwera, J
Varanasi, P
Yoshino, K
AF Rothman, LS
Barbe, A
Benner, DC
Brown, LR
Camy-Peyret, C
Carleer, MR
Chance, K
Clerbaux, C
Dana, V
Devi, VM
Fayt, A
Flaud, JM
Gamache, RR
Goldman, A
Jacquemart, D
Jucks, KW
Lafferty, WJ
Mandin, JY
Massie, ST
Nemtchinov, V
Newnham, DA
Perrin, A
Rinsland, CP
Schroeder, J
Smith, KM
Smith, MAH
Tang, K
Toth, RA
Vander Auwera, J
Varanasi, P
Yoshino, K
TI The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database: edition of 2000 including
updates through 2001
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Review
DE HITRAN; spectroscopic database; molecular spectroscopy; molecular
absorption; absorption cross-sections; aerosol refractive indices
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; HETERODYNE FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENTS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE LINE-INTENSITIES;
MULTISPECTRUM FITTING PROCEDURE; CARBONYL SULFIDE TRANSITIONS;
AIR-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; INFRARED
OPTICAL-CONSTANTS
AB This paper describes the status circa 2001, of the HITRAN compilation that comprises the public edition available through 2001. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components useful for radiative transfer calculation codes: high-resolution spectroscopic parameters of molecules in the gas phase, absorption cross-sections for molecules with very dense spectral features, aerosol refractive indices, ultraviolet line-by-line parameters and absorption cross-sections, and associated database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 38 molecules and their isotopologues and isotopomers suitable for calculating atmospheric transmission and radiance properties. Many more molecular species are presented in the infrared cross-section data than in the previous edition, especially the chlorofluorocarbons and their replacement gases. There is now sufficient representation so that quasi-quantitative simulations can be obtained with the standard radiance codes.
In addition to the description and justification of new or modified data that have been incorporated since the last edition of HITRAN (1996), future modifications are indicated for cases considered to have a significant impact on remote-sensing experiments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Univ Reims, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, F-51062 Reims, France.
Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol & Applicat, F-75252 Paris, France.
Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Chim Phys Mol, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris, France.
Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Spect Mol, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
Ontar Corp, N Andover, MA 01845 USA.
NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu
RI clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013;
OI Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577
NR 178
TC 792
Z9 822
U1 7
U2 52
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 82
IS 1-4
BP 5
EP 44
DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00146-8
PG 40
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 711KG
UT WOS:000184738800002
ER
PT J
AU Kearsley, AJ
Melara, LA
AF Kearsley, AJ
Melara, LA
TI Simulation of an Austenite-twinned-Martensite interface
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Austenite-Martensite interface; finite element method; quasi-Newton
method
ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CRYSTALS; APPROXIMATION;
TRANSFORMATION; OPTIMIZATION; ENERGY
AB Developing numerical methods for predicting microstructure in materials is a large and important research area. Two examples of material microstructures are Austenite and Martensite. Austenite is a microscopic phase with simple crystallographic structure while Martensite is one with a more complex structure. One important task in materials science is the development of numerical procedures which accurately predict microstructures in Martensite. In this paper we present a method for simulating material microstructure close to an Austenite-Martensite interface. The method combines a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm and a non-conforming finite element scheme that successfully minimizes an approximation to the total stored energy near the interface of interest. Preliminary results suggest that the minimizers of this energy functional located by the developed numerical algorithm appear to display the desired characteristics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kearsley, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ajk@nist.gov; luism@nist.gov
NR 34
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 108
IS 6
BP 413
EP 427
DI 10.6028/jres.108.036
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 826DM
UT WOS:000221809500001
PM 27413619
ER
PT J
AU Gupta, R
Kaplan, SG
AF Gupta, R
Kaplan, SG
TI High accuracy ultraviolet index of refraction measurements using a
Fourier transform spectrometer
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium fluoride; etalon; Fourier transform spectrometer; refractive;
index; synchrotron; thermal coefficient; ultraviolet
ID THERMAL COEFFICIENTS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; 157 NM; REFRACTOMETRY;
RADIOMETRY
AB We have constructed a new facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure the index of refraction of transmissive materials in the wavelength range from the visible to the vacuum ultraviolet. An etalon of the material is illuminated with synchrotron radiation, and the interference fringes in the transmittance spectrum are measured using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The refractive index of calcium fluoride, CaF2, has been measured from 600 nm to 175 nm and the resulting values agree with a traditional goniometric measurement to within 1 x 10(-5). The uncertainty in the index values is currently limited by the uncertainty in the thickness measurement of the etalon.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Sensor Grp, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Properties & Infrared Technol Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Sensor Grp, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM simon.kaplan@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 108
IS 6
BP 429
EP 437
DI 10.6028/jres.108.037
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 826DM
UT WOS:000221809500002
PM 27413620
ER
PT J
AU Kacker, RN
Datla, RU
Parr, AC
AF Kacker, RN
Datla, RU
Parr, AC
TI Statistical interpretation of key comparison reference value and degrees
of equivalence
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE interlaboratory evaluation; measurement uncertainty; variance components
ID UNCERTAINTY
AB Key comparisons carried out by the Consultative Committees (CCs) of the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) or the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) are referred to as CIPM key comparisons. The outputs of a statistical analysis of the data from a CIPM key comparison are the key comparison reference value, the degrees of equivalence, and their associated uncertainties. The BIPM publications do not discuss statistical interpretation of these outputs. We discuss their interpretation under the following three statistical models: nonexistent laboratory-effects model, random laboratory-effects model, and systematic laboratory-effects model.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; raju.datla@nist.gov; albert.parr@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 108
IS 6
BP 439
EP 446
DI 10.6028/jres.108.038
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 826DM
UT WOS:000221809500003
PM 27413621
ER
PT J
AU Mighell, AD
AF Mighell, AD
TI The normalized reduced form and cell mathematical tools for lattice
analysis - Symmetry and similarity
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE identification; lattice-matching strategies; lattice relationships;
lattice similarity; metric lattice; normalized reduced cell and form;
symmetry
ID CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; IDENTIFICATION
AB To intelligently and effectively use crystallographic databases, mathematical and computer tools are required that can elucidate diverse types of intra- and interlattice relationships. Two such tools are the normalized reduced form and normalized reduced cell. Practical experience has revealed that the first tool - the normalized reduced form - is very helpful in establishing lattice metric symmetry as it enables one to readily deduce significant relationships between the elements of the reduced form. Likewise research with crystallographic databases has demonstrated that the second tool - the normalized reduced cell - plays a vital role in determining metrically similar lattices. Knowledge of similar lattices has practical value in solving structures, in assignment of structure types, in materials design, and in nano-technology. In addition to using the reduced cell, it is recommended that lattice-matching strategies based on the normalized reduced cell be routinely carried out in database searching, in data evaluation, and in experimental work.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mighell, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alan.mighell@nist.gov
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 108
IS 6
BP 447
EP 452
DI 10.6028/jres.108.039
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 826DM
UT WOS:000221809500004
PM 27413622
ER
PT J
AU Kharchenko, SB
McGuiggan, PM
Migler, KB
AF Kharchenko, SB
McGuiggan, PM
Migler, KB
TI Flow induced coating of fluoropolymer additives: Development of
frustrated total internal reflection imaging
SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; SHARKSKIN MELT FRACTURE; POLYMER-POLYMER
INTERFACE; WALL SLIP; RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; EXTRUSION INSTABILITIES;
MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; POISEUILLE FLOW; PROCESSING AID; ORIFICE DIES
AB In the extrusion of linear low-density polyethylene (PE), fluoropolymer processing additives (PPAs) are used to eliminate the surface defect known as "sharkskin" by coating the die wall and inducing slip at the PPA/PE interface. We describe an in situ optical method for measurement of the coating thickness by exploiting the phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection. By correlating the optical and pressure measurements, extrudate appearance and auxiliary experiments, we can elucidate the kinetics of the coating process. The PPA droplets first adsorb in the entrance region of the die and migrate under shear stress towards the capillary exit where they act to suppress sharkskin. We find that a uniform coating in the range of 25-60 nm is sufficient for sharkskin elimination. The steady state coating thickness near the exit ranges from 200 to 400 nm depending on the shear rate and concentration. We develop a mass balance model for calculation of the steady state coating thickness which compares well with our experimental data. (C) 2003 The Society of Rheology.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Migler, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI McGuiggan, Patricia/A-3379-2010
NR 76
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 12
PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0148-6055
J9 J RHEOL
JI J. Rheol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 47
IS 6
BP 1523
EP 1545
DI 10.1122/1.1619375
PG 23
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 740ME
UT WOS:000186405500013
ER
PT J
AU Bailey, KM
Brown, ES
Duffy-Anderson, JT
AF Bailey, KM
Brown, ES
Duffy-Anderson, JT
TI Aspects of distribution, transport and recruitment of Alaska plaice
(Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern
Bering Sea: comparison of marginal and central populations
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology
CY NOV 03-07, 2002
CL ISLE OF MAN, ENGLAND
DE NE Pacific Ocean; Gulf of Alaska; flatfish; transport; nursery;
recruitment
ID ATLANTIC; FLATFISHES
AB Shelikof Strait in the Gulf of Alaska appears to be near the extreme warm southern end of the spawning range of Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus). The spawning location, larval transport, and retention in the nursery area are documented from analysis of historical ichthyoplankton surveys of the region. Data from juvenile and adult trawl surveys were analysed to characterise the nursery areas. Aspects of the spawning distribution, population dynamics and juvenile nursery habitat characteristics in the Gulf of Alaska were compared with those in the primary area of its distribution in the eastern Bering Sea. In the Gulf of Alaska, concentrated spawning appears to be localised on the narrow shelf between 50 to 100 m depth on the north flank of the Shelikof Strait Sea Valley and in several other areas. Larvae drift downstream with prevailing currents. Most juveniles are located in water less than 50 m deep over a mud or sand bottom. Over its range, the mean biomass of plaice is related to the amount of suitable juvenile nursery bottom habitat. The abundance of the marginal Gulf of Alaska population is more variable than the main stock of the eastern Bering Sea. Because the continental shelf in the Gulf of Alaska is narrow and suitable habitat is fragmented, it is proposed that the population of Alaska plaice in the Gulf of Alaska is limited by recruitment to suitable nursery habitat, and that there is a dynamic interplay between the landscape ecology and larval drift due to highly variable currents. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM kevin.bailey@noaa.gov
NR 8
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 50
IS 2-3
BP 87
EP 95
DI 10.1016/S1385-1101(03)00064-9
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 740BU
UT WOS:000186381600002
ER
PT J
AU Abookire, AA
Macewicz, BJ
AF Abookire, AA
Macewicz, BJ
TI Latitudinal variation in reproductive biology and growth of female Dover
sole (Microstomus pacificus) in the North Pacific, with emphasis on the
Gulf of Alaska stock
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology
CY NOV 03-07, 2002
CL ISLE OF MAN, ENGLAND
DE reproduction; length at maturity; age at maturity; latitudinal
variation; spawning season; Dover sole; Pleuronectidae; Gulf of Alaska
ID MATURITY; HISTORY; AGE; MATURATION; SIZE
AB Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) have a wide distribution throughout the North Pacific, ranging from southern Baja California (26degreesN) to the Gulf of Alaska (GOA, 59degreesN). Prior to this study, our understanding of Dover sole reproductive biology was limited to the stock off the US west coast. This study was initiated to determine the length and age at maturity for Dover sole in the GOA. We also compared the length at maturity and growth rate across latitudes to test the hypothesis that individuals near the northern extent of their range (GOA stock) mature at a larger size than individuals in the southern stock off California and Oregon. Female Dover sole (n = 273) ranging in length from 198-663 mm were collected opportunistically around Kodiak Island, Alaska, (55-59degreesN) from February 2000 to October 2001, with sampling concentrated in the months February-April, June-July, and October-November. All ovaries were examined to determine the maturity stage using standard histological criteria. The spawning season of Dover sole in the GOA spanned at least 4 months, from February to May. Dover sole in the GOA matured at a larger size than those off California and Oregon, with an estimated length at 50% maturity (ML50) of 439 mm. At the same fish length that nearly 100% of Dover sole from California and Oregon waters are mature, Dover sole in the GOA are just beginning to mature. The estimated age at 50% maturity (MA(50)) for female Dover sole in the GOA was 6.7 years and was similar to the MA(50) for cohorts at more southern latitudes. We attribute the latitudinal variation in ML50, combined with the similar MA(50) across latitudes, to spatial differences in growth rates. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Kodiak Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Abookire, AA (reprint author), Kodiak Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 50
IS 2-3
BP 187
EP 197
DI 10.1016/S1385-1101(03)00062-5
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 740BU
UT WOS:000186381600010
ER
PT J
AU Levin, I
Amos, TG
Bell, SM
Farber, L
Vanderah, TA
Roth, RS
Toby, BH
AF Levin, I
Amos, TG
Bell, SM
Farber, L
Vanderah, TA
Roth, RS
Toby, BH
TI Phase equilibria, crystal structures, and dielectric anomaly in the
BaZrO3-CaZrO3 system
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLEX PEROVSKITES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; SOLIDS
AB Phase equilibria in the (1 - x)BaZrO3-xCaZrO(3) system were analyzed using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The proposed phase diagram features two extended two-phase fields containing mixtures of a Ba-rich cubic phase and a tetragonal, or orthorhombic Ca-rich phase, all having perovskite-related structures. The symmetry differences in the Ca-rich phases are caused by different tilting patterns of the [ZrO6] octahedra. In specimens quenched from 1650degreesC, CaZrO3 dissolves only a few percent of Ba, whereas the solubility of Ca in BaZrO3 is approximately 30 at%. The BaZrO3-CaZrO3 system features at least two tilting phase transitions, Pm3m --> 14/mcm and 14/mcm --> Pbnm. Rietveld refinements of the Ba0.8Ca0.2ZrO3 structure using variable-temperature neutron powder diffraction data confirmed that the Pm3m --> 14/mcm transition corresponds to a rotation of octahedra about one of the cubic axes; successive octahedra along this axis rotate in opposite directions. In situ variable-temperature electron diffraction studies indicated that the transition temperature increases with increasing Ca-substitution on the A-sites, from approximately - 120degreesC at 5 at% Ca to 225degreesC at 20 at% Ca. Dielectric measurements revealed that the permittivity increases monotonically from 36 for BaZrO3 to 53 for Ba0.9Ca0.1ZrO3, and then decreases to 50 for Ba0.8Ca0.2ZrO3. This later specimen was the Ca-richest composition for which pellets could be quenched from the single-phase cubic field with presently available equipment. Strongly non-monotonic behavior was also observed for the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency; however, in this case, the maximum occurred at a lower Ca concentration, 0.05 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.l. The non-linear behavior of the dielectric properties was attributed to two competing structural effects: a positive effect associated with substitution of relatively small Ca cations on the A-sites, resulting in stretched Ca-O bonds, and a negative effect, related to the distortion of the A-site environment (bond strain relaxation) upon octahedral tilting. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
TRAK Ceram Inc, Hagerstown, MD USA.
Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Stop 8529, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013
OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285
NR 23
TC 71
Z9 72
U1 3
U2 43
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 175
IS 2
BP 170
EP 181
DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00220-2
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 735QT
UT WOS:000186126600005
ER
PT J
AU Simiu, E
Sadek, F
Riley, MA
AF Simiu, E
Sadek, F
Riley, MA
TI Discussion of "Definition of wind profiles in ASCE 7" by Yin Zhou and
Ahsan Kareem
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 11
BP 1564
EP 1565
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)129:8(1082)
PG 2
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 733NC
UT WOS:000186006200016
ER
PT J
AU Ma, L
Low, SR
Song, J
AF Ma, L
Low, SR
Song, J
TI Finite-element modeling and experimental comparisons of the effects of
deformable ball indenters on Rockwell B hardness tests
SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
DE contact deformation; finite-element analysis; indentation; Rockwell
hardness
ID HALF-SPACE; INDENTATION
AB Significant differences occur in Rockwell B hardness (HRB) tests depending on whether the 1.588 mm diameter ball indenter that is used is made of steel or of tungsten carbide (WC). It is important to study and assess the effect of different indenter materials on the HRB tests since the Rockwell hardness test method standards, published by ASTM International and the International Organization for Standardization, now permit the use of either steel or tungsten carbide ball indenters. In this paper, finite-element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the HRB indentation process using steel and WC ball indenters on the same test materials under the same testing conditions. The influence of the deformable steel and WC indenters on the HRB; tests is analyzed by comparing their FEA results with those of a simulated nondeformable rigid indenter. The contact pressure, stress, strain, and deformations of both the indenters and the tested materials during the loading and unloading period are analyzed. The FEA simulation results show that the HRB difference between steel and WC ball indenters is about 0.4 HRB for 40-78 HRB levels, but increases to 0.56 HRB at the 23 HRB level. The FEA simulation results agree with experimental HRB results.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0090-3973
J9 J TEST EVAL
JI J. Test. Eval.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 31
IS 6
BP 514
EP 523
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 742KP
UT WOS:000186516200009
ER
PT J
AU Heyliger, PR
Ledbetter, H
Kim, S
Reimanis, L
AF Heyliger, PR
Ledbetter, H
Kim, S
Reimanis, L
TI Elastic constants of layers in isotropic laminates
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-VIBRATION; COMPOSITE
AB The individual laminae elastic constants in multilayer laminates composed of dissimilar isotropic layers were determined using ultrasonic-resonance spectroscopy and the linear theory of elasticity. Ultrasonic resonance allows one to measure the free-vibration response spectrum of a traction-free solid under periodic vibration. These frequencies depend on pointwise density, laminate dimensions, layer thickness, and layer elastic constants. Given a material with known mass but unknown constitution, this method allows one to extract the elastic constants and density of the constituent layers. This is accomplished by measuring the frequencies and then minimizing the differences between these and those calculated using the theory of elasticity for layered media to select the constants that best replicate the frequency-response spectrum. This approach is applied to a three-layer, unsymmetric laminate of WpCu, and very good agreement is found with the elastic constants of the two constituent materials. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
Los Alamos Natl Lab E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Heyliger, PR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 114
IS 5
BP 2618
EP 2625
DI 10.1121/1.1618754
PG 8
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 741YZ
UT WOS:000186489100009
PM 14649998
ER
PT J
AU Sano, T
Saylor, DM
Rohrer, GS
AF Sano, T
Saylor, DM
Rohrer, GS
TI Surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400 degrees C in air
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSERVING SHAPE CHANGES; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; INTERNAL CAVITIES;
EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE; CRYSTALS; RELAXATION; JUNCTIONS; GEOMETRY; SILICON
AB Geometric and crystallographic measurements of grain-boundary thermal grooves and surface faceting behavior as a function of orientation have been used to determine the surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400degreesC in air. Under these conditions, thermal grooves are formed by surface diffusion. The surface energy anisotropy was determined using the capillarity vector reconstruction method under the assumption that Herring's local equilibrium condition holds at the groove root. The results indicate that the (100) surface has the minimum energy. For surfaces inclined between 0degrees and 30degrees from (100), the energy increases with the inclination angle. Orientations inclined by more than 30degrees from (100) are all about 10% higher in energy and, within experimental uncertainty, energetically equivalent. A procedure for estimating the uncertainties in the reconstructed energies is also introduced. Taken together, the orientation dependence of the surface-facet formation and the measured energy anisotropy lead to the conclusion that the equilibrium crystal shape is dominated by {100}, but also includes {110} and {111} facets. Complex planes within about 15degrees of {100} and 5degrees of {110} are also part of the equilibrium shape.
C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sano, T (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RI Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008
OI Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034
NR 31
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 5
U2 21
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 86
IS 11
BP 1933
EP 1939
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03584.x
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 742KJ
UT WOS:000186515700017
ER
PT J
AU Weng, FZ
Liu, QH
AF Weng, FZ
Liu, QH
TI Satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. Part
I: Forward radiative transfer and Jacobian modeling in cloudy
atmospheres
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; SEA-SURFACE; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL;
TEMPERATURE; EMISSIVITY
AB Satellite data assimilation requires rapid and accurate radiative transfer and radiance gradient models. For a vertically stratified scattering and emitting atmosphere, the vector discrete-ordinate radiative transfer model (VDISORT) was developed to derive all Stokes radiance components at the top of the atmosphere. This study further enhances the VDISORT to compute the radiance gradients or Jacobians. The band matrix used in the VDISORT is simplified and confined along the diagonal direction so that the Jacobians relative to atmospheric and surface parameters are directly derived from its analytic solutions. The radiances and Jacobians at various wavelengths from the VDISORT are compared against those from other techniques that have been benchmarked before. It is shown that the present method is accurate and computationally efficient.
In the VDISORT, both emissivity vector and reflectivity matrix are integrated as part of the radiance and Jacobian calculations. In this study, only the emissivity models at microwave frequencies are tested and implemented for VDISORT applications. Over oceans, a full polarimetric emissivity model is utilized. The cutoff wavenumber separating the large-scale waves from the small-scale waves is derived from an ocean wave spectrum model. Over land, a microwave emissivity model previously developed is used to compute various emissivity spectra.
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Room 7006,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
NR 29
TC 30
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 21
BP 2633
EP 2646
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2633:SDAINW>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 733HU
UT WOS:000185994900005
ER
PT J
AU Mapes, BE
Ciesielski, PE
Johnson, RH
AF Mapes, BE
Ciesielski, PE
Johnson, RH
TI Sampling errors in rawinsonde-array budgets
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TOGA COARE IOP;
VARIABILITY; RADIOSONDE; RAINFALL; MOISTURE; CLIMATE; MODELS
AB Rawinsonde data used for sounding-array budget computations have random errors, both instrumental errors and errors of representativeness ( here called sampling errors). The latter are associated with the fact that radiosondes do not measure large-scale mean winds and state variables, but are contaminated by small-scale variations as well. Data from the western Pacific and the summer monsoon of southeast Asia are used to estimate these random errors, and to propagate them through budget computations to assign error bars to derived quantities.
The statistics of sampling errors in directly measured variables are estimated from station pair analysis, in which variance is partitioned into contributions by resolved and unresolved scales. Resolved scales contribute the portion that is contained in averages of adjacent sounding stations and/or adjacent launch times (6-h intervals), while the rest of the total variance is defined as unresolved. Magnitudes of unresolved variability for typical rawinsonde-array spacings are similar to0.5 K for temperature; similar to5% for relative humidity at low levels, rising to nearly 15% in the middle-upper troposphere; and similar to2 m s(-1) for winds, rising to 3 m s(-1) in the upper troposphere. These are much larger than random instrumental errors, as estimated from pairs of simultaneous rawinsondes launched very close together. Vertical correlation scales of unresolved variability are 100 - 200 hPa. Up to 50% of the variance of humidity is unresolved, while for zonal wind the unresolved portion is only a few percent. Spatial and temporal sampling errors become about equal for 6-hourly rawinsondes similar to200 km apart.
The effects of sampling errors on budget computations are estimated by a perturbed- observation ensemble approach. All computations are repeated 20 times, with random realizations of unresolved variability added to the rawinsonde data entering the analysis. The ensemble standard deviation serves as an estimate of sampling error, which naturally decreases as the results are averaged over larger areas and longer time periods. For example, rainfall estimates on similar to500 km scales have sampling errors of similar to5 mm day(-1) in daily means, and similar to1 mm day(-1) in monthly means. The ensemble spread of 120-day time integrations of the vertically averaged moist enthalpy equation with rawinsonde-array-derived advective sources exceeds 20 K, implying that sampling error could be responsible for substantial biases in column models forced with such source terms.
C1 NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Mapes, BE (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 S Broadway,R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010
NR 26
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 21
BP 2697
EP 2714
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2697:SEIRB>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 733HU
UT WOS:000185994900010
ER
PT J
AU Horinouchi, T
Pawson, S
Shibata, K
Langematz, U
Manzini, E
Giorgetta, MA
Sassi, F
Wilson, RJ
Hamilton, K
de Grandpre, J
Scaife, AA
AF Horinouchi, T
Pawson, S
Shibata, K
Langematz, U
Manzini, E
Giorgetta, MA
Sassi, F
Wilson, RJ
Hamilton, K
de Grandpre, J
Scaife, AA
TI Tropical cumulus convection and upward-propagating waves in
middle-atmospheric GCMs
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; COMMUNITY CLIMATE
MODEL; STRATOSPHERE-MESOSPHERE GCM; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL
WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; NATIONAL CENTER; CLOUD
ENSEMBLE
AB It is recognized that the resolved tropical wave spectrum can vary considerably among general circulation models (GCMs) and that these differences can have an important impact on the simulated climate. A comprehensive comparison of low-latitude waves is presented for the December-January-February period using high-frequency data from nine GCMs participating in the GCM Reality Intercomparison Project for Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (GRIPS; SPARC). Quantitative measures of the wavenumber-frequency structure of resolved waves and their impacts on the zonal mean circulation are given. Space-time spectral analysis reveals that the wave spectrum throughout the middle atmosphere is linked to the variability of convective precipitation, which is determined by the parameterized convection. The variability of the precipitation spectrum differs by more than an order of magnitude among the models, with additional changes in the spectral distribution (especially the frequency). These differences can be explained primarily by the choice of different cumulus parameterizations: quasi-equilibrium mass-flux schemes tend to produce small variability, while the moist-convective adjustment scheme is the most active. Comparison with observational estimates of precipitation variability suggests that the model values are scattered around the observational estimates. Among the models, only those that produce the largest precipitation variability can reproduce the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). This implies that in the real atmosphere, the forcing from the waves, which are resolvable with the typical resolutions of present-day GCMs, is insufficient to drive the QBO. Parameterized cumulus convection also impacts the nonmigrating tides in the equatorial region. In most of the models, momentum transport by diurnal nonmigrating tides in the mesosphere is comparable to or larger than that by planetary-scale Kelvin waves, being more significant than has been thought. It is shown that the westerly accelerations in the equatorial semi-annual oscillation in the models examined are driven mainly by gravity waves with periods shorter than 3 days, with some contribution from parameterized gravity waves, and that the contribution from the wavenumber-1 Kelvin waves is negligible. These results provide a state-of-the-art assessment of the links between convective parameterizations and middle-atmospheric waves in present-day middle-atmosphere climate models.
C1 Kyoto Univ, Radio Sci Ctr Space & Atmosphere, Uji 6110011, Japan.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Free Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany.
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy.
NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England.
RP Horinouchi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Radio Sci Ctr Space & Atmosphere, Uji 6110011, Japan.
EM horinout@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp
RI Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Horinouchi, Takeshi/K-8535-2012; Pawson,
Steven/I-1865-2014
OI Horinouchi, Takeshi/0000-0002-2296-1975; Pawson,
Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X
NR 60
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 22
BP 2765
EP 2782
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2765:TCCAUW>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XD
UT WOS:000186426900003
ER
PT J
AU Abraham, DP
Twesten, RD
Balasubramanian, M
Kropf, J
Fischer, D
McBreen, J
Petrov, I
Amine, K
AF Abraham, DP
Twesten, RD
Balasubramanian, M
Kropf, J
Fischer, D
McBreen, J
Petrov, I
Amine, K
TI Microscopy and spectroscopy of lithium nickel oxide-based particles used
in high power lithium-ion cells
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE;
FINE-STRUCTURE; L-EDGE; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; OK-EDGE; K-EDGE; BATTERIES;
DEINTERCALATION
AB Structural and electronic investigations were conducted on lithium nickel oxide-based particles used in positive electrodes of 18650-type high-power Li-ion cells. K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed trivalent Ni and Co ions in the bulk LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 powder used to prepare the high power electrode laminates. Using oxygen K-edge XAS, high resolution electron microscopy, nanoprobe diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we identified a <5 nm thick modified layer on the surface of the oxide particles, which results from the loss of Ni and Li ordering in the layered R<(3)over bar>m structure. This structural change was accompanied by oxygen loss and a lowering of the Ni- and Co-oxidation states in the surface layer. Growth of this surface layer may contribute to the impedance rise observed during accelerated aging of these Li-ion cells. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Petrov,
Ivan/D-4910-2011
OI Petrov, Ivan/0000-0002-2955-4897
NR 31
TC 104
Z9 104
U1 7
U2 49
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 150
IS 11
BP A1450
EP A1456
DI 10.1149/1.1613291
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 734HM
UT WOS:000186049600008
ER
PT J
AU Ford, A
Bonevich, JE
McMichael, RD
Vaudin, M
Moffat, TP
AF Ford, A
Bonevich, JE
McMichael, RD
Vaudin, M
Moffat, TP
TI Structure and magnetic anisotropy of electrodeposited Co on n-GaAs(001)
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-VALVES; ALLOYS; FILMS; GAAS; GAAS(001); CONTACT
AB Co thin films have been electrodeposited on n-type (001) GaAs. The structure and texture of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the magnetic properties were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Structural evolution was found to be a function of the growth rate. A strong hexagonal close packed (hcp) Co (11(2) over bar 0)[0001]\\GaAs(001)[110] texture was observed for films grown at lower deposition rates. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the hcp Co lattice summed over the two in-plane variants resulted in fourfold anisotropic in-plane magnetization. Films grown at faster rates had decreased magnetic anisotropy due to increased structural dispersion. TEM analysis of several films (8.5-15 nm) revealed a thin body centered cubic (bcc) Co layer between the GaAs (001) and the hcp Co (11(2) over bar 0) overlayer. The bcc layer formed with a cube-on-cube relationship to the GaAs (001) substrate. The structural evolution was similar to that reported for films grown by other methods, such as molecular beam epitaxy, although the thicknesses at which the various magnetic transitions occurred differed significantly, most likely due to the different growth rates employed. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ford, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012;
OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 150
IS 11
BP C753
EP C759
DI 10.1149/1.1611491
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 734HM
UT WOS:000186049600035
ER
PT J
AU Li, X
Ling, L
Hua, XF
Oehrlein, GS
Wang, YC
Anderson, HM
AF Li, X
Ling, L
Hua, XF
Oehrlein, GS
Wang, YC
Anderson, HM
TI Characteristics Of C4F8 plasmas with Ar, Ne, and He additives for SiO2
etching in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; GROUND-STATE; LAMB SHIFT; ARGON; SILICON;
HELIUM; C-C4F8; LASER; IONS
AB We have characterized the effect of adding Ar, Ne, and He noble gases to C4F8 inductively coupled plasmas for SiO2 etching. The systematic variation of their ionization potentials, metastable energy levels, and mass of the dominant ion in C4F8/X% discharges (X=He, Ne, or At) containing a high percentage of the noble gas provides a means to evaluate the relative importance of gas phase and surface processes in the etching of SiO2. The total ion flux, ion composition, FC deposition and etching rates, and composition of the surface reaction layer formed on Si or SiO2 in these discharges show systematic differences as a function of process parameters because of the different electron impact ionization thresholds for Ar, Ne, and He gases, and differences in the mass of the dominant ion for discharges containing a large proportion of the noble gas. For given experimental conditions (600 W and 20 mTorr for most of this work), Ar addition gives rise to the largest ion current density, and He to the smallest, ion current density. When the noble gases are added to C4F8, the Ar+ ion flux contributes the largest percentage and He+ the smallest percentage of the total ion flux for the same dilution Of C4F8 with the noble gases. Ion compositional analysis shows that CF+, CF3+, and CF2+ are the dominant ionic fluorocarbon (FC) species (in order of importance), and that they show similar trends as a function of added Ar, Ne, and He percentage. The fluxes of the more highly dissociated C+, F+, and SiFx+/COFx+ ions are greater when Ne and He are added to C4F8 than for Ar addition. Ion energy distributions of all ions are displaced to lower energies for C4F8/Ar discharges as compared with C4F8/Ne or C4F8 He plasmas. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy was used to determine absolute densities of neutral CF, CF2, and COF2 radical species as a function of gas composition. The densities of CF2 and COF2 radical species were enhanced when Ne and He were added to C4F8 in comparison to Ar addition. Fluorocarbon deposition rates on unbiased Si substrates were measured and greater for C4F8 discharges with Ne or He additives than when Ar was added. Upon rf biasing of the substrates, the ion energies required for etching to take place are lowest for C4F8/Ar discharges, followed by C4F8/He and C4F8/Ne discharges. A comparison of x-ray photoelectron spectra Of SiO2 surfaces exposed to C4F8/X% discharges at - 10 V self-bias voltage shows pronounced differences in the chemical bond distribution of fluorocarbon films which can be explained by differences in momentum transfer to the surface and the associated bond breaking of deposited fluorocarbon layers on the surface. A comparison of SiO2 and Si etching rates in C4F8/X% discharges shows that for C4F8/Ne discharges containing more than 70%Ne the highest SiO2/Si but lowest SiO2/resist etching rate ratio is obtained. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society.
C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Li, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 23
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 15
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 6
BP 1955
EP 1963
DI 10.1116/1.1619420
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 745XP
UT WOS:000186716800024
ER
PT J
AU Jablonski, EL
Sambasivan, S
Lin, EK
Fischer, DA
Devadoss, C
Puligadda, R
AF Jablonski, EL
Sambasivan, S
Lin, EK
Fischer, DA
Devadoss, C
Puligadda, R
TI Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of the interface
between bottom antireflective coatings and a model deprotected
photoresist
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology
and Nanofabrication (EIPBN)
CY MAY 27-30, 2003
CL TAMPA, FLORIDA
AB The interface between bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs) and a model deprotected photoresist, poly (4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS), was investigated using near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to identify mechanisms responsible for pattern degradation at the BARC/ photoresist interface. Interactions at this interface can lead to pattern deviations such as footing, undercut, and pattern collapse. It was found that a residual layer is only formed when the bilayer is subject to ultraviolet exposure. The spectra of the BARC surfaces after photoresist processing and development show a combination of spectral features from both PHS and the BARC formulations. The data suggest that the residual layer results from interactions between crosslinker and photoresist that occur during normal photoresist processing. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Brewer Sci Inc, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Jablonski, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM erin.jablonski@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 6
BP 3153
EP 3156
DI 10.1116/1.1621661
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 764EL
UT WOS:000188193600168
ER
PT J
AU Jablonski, EL
Prabhu, VM
Sambasivan, S
Lin, EK
Fischer, DA
Goldfarb, DL
Angelopoulos, M
Ito, H
AF Jablonski, EL
Prabhu, VM
Sambasivan, S
Lin, EK
Fischer, DA
Goldfarb, DL
Angelopoulos, M
Ito, H
TI Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of surface
segregation in 157 nm photoresist blends
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology
and Nanofabrication (EIPBN)
CY MAY 27-30, 2003
CL TAMPA, FLORIDA
ID PHASE-SEPARATION; FILMS; CHEMISTRY
AB The surface and bulk chemistry of photoresist blends for use at the 157 nm node were analyzed using near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to quantify component segregation,and identify surface phenomena that may impact pattern formation. Spectral combinations of the constituent polymers are used to fit the spectra of the blend films. Significant segregation of one component to the surface of the photoresist film was found, in excess of the composition of that component in the blend. The bulk data were consistent with initial blend compositions. As expected, the more hydrophobic or lower surface, tension component wets the film surface even under typical photoresist processing conditions. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
RP Jablonski, EL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM erin.jablonski@nist.gov
NR 6
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 6
BP 3162
EP 3165
DI 10.1116/1.1624256
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 764EL
UT WOS:000188193600170
ER
PT J
AU Bucciarelli, E
Sunda, WG
AF Bucciarelli, E
Sunda, WG
TI Influence of CO2, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate limitation on
intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate in batch cultures of the
coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; PERIDINIUM-GATUNENSE;
SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; GLYCINE BETAINE; CELL-DEATH;
NITROGEN; DMSP; SULFUR
AB We measured intracellular dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) concentrations in nutrient-limited batch cultures of the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Under N, P, CO2, and Si growth limitation, intracellular DMSP concentrations decreased to low values during the exponential phase of growth and increased under nutrient limitation. The intracellular DMSP concentration increased exponentially with decreasing growth rate and cellular chlorophyll a, in response to the type and degree of nutrient limitation. For a given growth rate, N-limited cells showed the greatest increase in cellular DMSP concentrations, CO2 and Si limitation had an intermediate effect, and P limitation caused-the smallest increase. The results demonstrate the importance of nutrient limitation in enhancing DMSP concentrations in marine algae. This enhancement may be linked in part to the role of DMSP as a cellular antioxidant and to increased oxidative stress within cells during nutrient limitation. The replacement of DMSP, a sulfur-containing osmolyte, for N-containing osmolytes such as proline may also explain at least some of the DMSP increase under N limitation. Our results also point to the possible importance of diatom blooms in global or regional sulfur cycles.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Bucciarelli, E (reprint author), Inst Univ Europeen Mer, UMR CNRS 6539, LEMAR, Pl Nicolas Copern, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
EM Eva.Bucciarelli@univ-brest.fr
NR 56
TC 63
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 29
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 48
IS 6
BP 2256
EP 2265
PG 10
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 746XK
UT WOS:000186772800020
ER
PT J
AU Reid, C
Squires, D
Jeon, Y
Rodwell, L
Clarke, R
AF Reid, C
Squires, D
Jeon, Y
Rodwell, L
Clarke, R
TI An analysis of fishing capacity in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
tuna fishery and management implications
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Beinnial Conference of the
International-Institute-of-Fisheries-Economics/Trade-Victoria-University
CY AUG 19-22, 2002
CL WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
SP Int Inst Fisheries Econ, Trade Victoria Univ
DE fishing capacity; tuna purse fishery; Western and Central Pacific Ocean
ID PURSE-SEINE-FISHERY; PALAU-ARRANGEMENT; PLANT-CAPACITY; INDUSTRIES
AB Recent increases in the volume of canning grade tuna caught in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) have led to concern about the increasing catching capacity of the fleet of purse seine vessels operating in the fishery. In this paper, data envelopment analysis is used to examine the current technical efficiency of the WCPO purse seine fleet, the potential catching capacity of the fleet and the excess capacity currently present in the fishery. These estimates are then used to examine possible implications of a move to a management regime based on limiting the total number of fishing days in the fishery. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Forum Fishing Agcy, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Econ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Squires, D (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 27
IS 6
BP 449
EP 469
DI 10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00065-4
PG 21
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 725CL
UT WOS:000185525500001
ER
PT J
AU Boland, RC
Donohue, MJ
AF Boland, RC
Donohue, MJ
TI Marine debris accumulation in the nearshore marine habitat of the
endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi 1999-2001
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; FUR SEALS; ISLANDS
AB Large amounts of marine debris are present in shallow reefs adjacent to beach haulouts of the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi. These areas serve as seal pup nurseries, and injury and death caused by entanglement in marine debris are undermining population recovery efforts. We investigated the extent of this threat by measuring the accumulation of potentially entangling derelict fishing gear in nursery zones, 1999-2001. Plots of reef 1.0-1.3 km(2) at three Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were initially cleaned of derelict fishing gear in 1999 then resurveyed in 2000 and 2001. Submerged debris densities across sites ranged from 16 to 165 debris items/km(2). Resurveyed sites yielded annual marine debris accumulation rates from 0 to 141 debris items/km(2). This large range was attributed to the physiography of reef areas surveyed. Trawl net webbing was significantly more common than other types of debris recovered and represented 84% of all debris encountered, suggesting that much of the debris originated from distant North Pacific Ocean fisheries. The likely source of most debris is the multinational trawl fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean. An international solution to this problem is needed. Targeted marine debris removal is a short-term, successful, entanglement mitigation strategy. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
NR 27
TC 30
Z9 35
U1 5
U2 28
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 46
IS 11
BP 1385
EP 1394
DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00291-1
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 748GK
UT WOS:000186854000016
PM 14607537
ER
PT J
AU Spencer, PL
Stensrud, DJ
Fritsch, JM
AF Spencer, PL
Stensrud, DJ
Fritsch, JM
TI A method for improved analyses of scalars and their derivatives
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; RADAR DATA; DIVERGENCE; FIELD; INTERPOLATION;
SYSTEM
AB Analytic observations are used to compare the traditional and triangle methods for the objective analysis of scalar variables. The traditional method for objective analysis assigns gridpoint values based on the distance from the grid points to each member of the set of observations. Subsequently, spatial derivatives are derived by applying a finite-differencing scheme to the field of gridded observations. The triangle method for objective analysis calculates the spatial first-order derivatives directly from each set of nonoverlapping triangles that are formed by the observations, and the derivatives are assigned to the triangle centroids. By calculating the first-order derivatives directly from the observations, the triangle method bypasses the need for finite differencing. Triangle centroid estimates of the scalar field itself are simply arithmetic averages of the three observations comprising each triangle. The centroid estimates of the scalar variable and its spatial derivatives are then treated as observations and mapped to a uniform grid via the traditional method.
Results indicate that the traditional method for the analysis of a scalar variable is superior to the triangle method for scalar analysis because the simple averaging involved in creating the triangle centroid estimates of the scalar exposes the triangle analysis to the potential for significant damping of the input field. Indeed, although the patterns of the scalar analyses from the two methods are comparable, the analysis from the triangle method does not reproduce the amplitude of the scalar field as well as the analysis from the traditional method. Gradient and Laplacian fields computed from the triangle method, however, are generally superior to those derived by the traditional method, which tends to force all of the gradient information into the gaps between observing stations.
To overcome the deficiency of the triangle method's ability to produce an acceptable scalar analysis and the deficiency of the traditional method's ability to produce an acceptable derivative analysis, a variational objective analysis scheme is developed that combines the best aspect of the triangle method with that of the traditional method. Analyses of the scalar and its spatial derivatives from the variational analysis scheme are generally superior to analyses from both the traditional and triangle methods.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Spencer, PL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 35
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2555
EP 2576
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2555:AMFIAO>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700002
ER
PT J
AU Egger, J
Hoinka, KP
Weickmann, K
Huang, HP
AF Egger, J
Hoinka, KP
Weickmann, K
Huang, HP
TI Angular momentum budgets based on NCEP and ECMWF reanalysis data: An
intercomparison
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL COMPONENTS; OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULATION; TORQUES; MODELS
AB An intercomparison of the reanalysis datasets of NCEP and ECMWF is performed with respect to the response of the axial angular momentum M to the torques. While both sets satisfy the budget equations of M reasonably well (except for the time mean), this is not the case with respect to the budget equations for the difference of both sets, where the analysis data explain only a small fraction of the difference of the angular momenta in terms of the difference of the torques. It is hypothesized that the larger fraction of the difference is a manifestation of analysis error. The autocorrelation functions of the differences of the mountain and friction torques between both sets exhibit a long memory, which reflects errors in the low-frequency components of the datasets. Probability distributions of M are considered as well. It is shown that the mean torque for a given M has to be positive (negative) for negative (positive) deviations of M. It is found that the NCEP torques, as analyzed, satisfy this basic requirement. The distribution of the difference of the angular momenta cannot be explained on the basis of the corresponding difference of the torques.
C1 Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
RP Egger, J (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2577
EP 2585
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2577:AMBBON>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700003
ER
PT J
AU Weickmann, K
AF Weickmann, K
TI Mountains, the global frictional torque, and the circulation over the
Pacific-North American region
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; TELECONNECTION PATTERN; VARIABILITY;
ANOMALIES; GROWTH; WINTER; WAVES
AB The global mountain (tau(M)) and frictional (tau(F)) torques are lag correlated within the intraseasonal band, with tau(F) leading tau(M). The correlation accounts for 20%-45% of their variance. Two basic feedbacks contribute to the relationship. First, the mountain torque forces global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) anomalies and the frictional torque damps them; thus, dtau(F)/dt(proportional to) -tau(M). Second, frictional torque anomalies are associated with high-latitude sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies, which contribute to subsequent mountain torque anomalies; thus, dtau(M)/dtproportional to tau(F). These feedbacks help determine the growth and decay of global AAM anomalies on intraseasonal timescales.
The low-frequency intraseasonal aspect of the relationship is studied for northern winter through lag regressions on tau(F). The linear Madden-Julian oscillation signal is first removed from tau(F) to focus the analysis on midlatitude dynamical processes. The decorrelation timescale of tau(F) is similar to that of teleconnection patterns and zonal index cycles, and these familiar circulation features play a prominent role in the regressed circulation anomalies.
The results show that an episode of interaction between the torques is initiated by an amplified transport of zonal mean-zonal momentum across 35degreesN. This drives a dipole pattern of zonal mean-zonal wind anomalies near 25degrees and 50degreesN, and associated SLP anomalies. The SLP anomalies at higher latitudes play an important role in the subsequent evolution. Regionally, the momentum transport is linked with large-scale eddies over the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans that have an equivalent barotropic vertical structure. As these eddies persist/amplify, baroclinic wave trains disperse downstream over North American and east Asian topography. The wave trains interact with the preexisting, high-latitude SLP anomalies and drive them southward, east of the mountains. This initiates a large monopole mountain torque anomaly in the 20degrees-50degreesN latitude band. The wave trains associated with the mountain torque produce additional momentum flux convergence anomalies that 1) maintain the zonal wind anomalies forced by the original momentum transport anomalies and 2) help drive a global frictional torque anomaly that counteracts the mountain torque. Global AAM anomalies grow and decay over a 2-week period, on average.
Over the Pacific-North American region, the wave trains evolve into the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern whose surface wind anomalies produce a large portion of the compensating frictional torque anomaly. Case studies from two recent northern winters illustrate the interaction.
C1 NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Weickmann, K (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 19
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2608
EP 2622
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2608:MTGFTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700006
ER
PT J
AU Jorgensen, DP
Pu, ZX
Persson, POG
Tao, WK
AF Jorgensen, DP
Pu, ZX
Persson, POG
Tao, WK
TI Variations associated with cores and gaps of a Pacific narrow cold
frontal rainband
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS;
MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION CORES; SQUALL
LINES; BOW ECHO; MODEL; ORGANIZATION
AB A NOAA P-3 instrumented aircraft observed an intense, fast-moving narrow cold frontal rainband (NCFR) as it approached the California coast on 19 February 2001 during the Pacific Coastal Jets Experiment. Airborne Doppler radar data obtained while the frontal system was well offshore indicated that a narrow ribbon of very high radar reflectivity convective cores characterized the rainband at low levels with echo tops to similar to4-5 km, and pseudo-dual-Doppler analyses showed the low-level convergence of the prefrontal air. The NCFR consisted of gaps of weaker reflectivity and cores of stronger reflectivity along its length, perhaps as a result of hydrodynamic instability along its advancing leading edge. In contrast to some earlier studies of cold frontal rainbands, density-current theory described well the motion of the overall front. The character of the updraft structure along the NCFR varied systematically along the length of the precipitation cores and in the gap regions. The vertical shear of the cross-frontal low-level ambient flow exerted a strong influence on the updraft character, consistent with theoretical arguments developed for squall lines describing the balance of vorticity at the leading edge. In short segments at the northern ends of the cores, the vertical wind shear was strongest with the updrafts and rain shafts more intense, narrower, and more erect or even downshear tilted. At the southern ends of the cores and just north of the gaps, the wind shear weakened with less intense updrafts that tilted upshear and contained a broader band of rainfall. Simulations using the nonhydrostatic nested grid version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) are used to investigate the core and gap regions, focusing on the relationship between the character of the modeled updrafts and the balance between the cold-air-induced vorticity and the prefrontal ambient shear vorticity. The cold air behind the NCFR, which forces new convection along its leading edge, is probably maintained by large-scale advection of cold air plus evaporative cooling processes within the heavy rain region of the NCFR. Observations confirm the model results; that is, that the updraft character depends on the balance of vorticity at the leading edge. Downshear-tilted updrafts imply that convection at the northern ends of cores may weaken with time relative to the frontal segments at the southern ends, because inflow air would be affected by passage through the heavy rain region before ascent. A mechanism for line modification is thus implied.
C1 NOAA, NSSL, MRAD Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jorgensen, DP (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, MRAD Boulder, Mail Code N-C-MRD,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 41
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2705
EP 2729
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2705:VAWCAG>2.0.CO;2
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700013
ER
PT J
AU Galanti, E
Tziperman, E
Harrison, M
Rosati, A
Sirkes, Z
AF Galanti, E
Tziperman, E
Harrison, M
Rosati, A
Sirkes, Z
TI A study of ENSO prediction using a hybrid coupled model and the adjoint
method for data assimilation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN; EL-NINO; KALMAN
FILTER; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; SEA-LEVEL; PACIFIC; PREDICTABILITY;
SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION
AB An experimental ENSO prediction system is presented, based on an ocean general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a statistical atmosphere and the adjoint method of 4D variational data assimilation. The adjoint method is used to initialize the coupled model, and predictions are performed for the period 1980-99. The coupled model is also initialized using two simpler assimilation techniques: forcing the ocean model with observed sea surface temperature and surface fluxes, and a 3D variational data assimilation (3DVAR) method, similar to that used by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for operational ENSO prediction. The prediction skill of the coupled model initialized by the three assimilation methods is then analyzed and compared. The effect of the assimilation period used in the adjoint method is studied by using 3-, 6-, and 9-month assimilation periods. Finally, the possibility of assimilating only the anomalies with respect to observed climatology in order to circumvent systematic model biases is examined.
It is found that the adjoint method does seem to have the potential for improving over simpler assimilation schemes. The improved skill is mainly at prediction intervals of more than 6 months, where the coupled model dynamics start to influence the model solution. At shorter prediction time intervals, the initialization using the forced ocean model or the 3DVAR may result in a better prediction skill. The assimilation of anomalies did not have a substantial effect on the prediction skill of the coupled model. This seems to indicate that in this model the climatology bias, which is compensated for by the anomaly assimilation, is less significant for the predictive skill than the bias in the model variability, which cannot be eliminated using the anomaly assimilation. Changing the optimization period from 6 to 3 to 9 months showed that the period of 6 months seems to be a near-optimal choice for this model.
C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
RP Galanti, E (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
NR 48
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2748
EP 2764
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2748:ASOEPU>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700015
ER
PT J
AU Weisman, ML
Trapp, RJ
AF Weisman, ML
Trapp, RJ
TI Low-level mesovortices within squall lines and bow echoes. Part I:
Overview and dependence on environmental shear
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; MESOSCALE VORTICES;
REAR-INFLOW; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION;
THUNDERSTORMS; CIRCULATIONS
AB This two-part study proposes fundamental explanations of the genesis, structure, and implications of low-level meso-gamma-scale vortices within quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) such as squall lines and bow echoes. Such "mesovortices" are observed frequently, at times in association with tornadoes.
Idealized simulations are used herein to study the structure and evolution of meso-gamma-scale surface vortices within QLCSs and their dependence on the environmental vertical wind shear. Within such simulations, significant cyclonic surface vortices are readily produced when the unidirectional shear magnitude is 20 m s(-1) or greater over a 0-2.5- or 0-5-km-AGL layer. As similarly found in observations of QLCSs, these surface vortices form primarily north of the apex of the individual embedded bowing segments as well as north of the apex of the larger-scale bow-shaped system. They generally develop first near the surface but can build upward to 6-8 km AGL. Vortex longevity can be several hours, far longer than individual convective cells within the QLCS; during this time, vortex merger and upscale growth is common. It is also noted that such mesoscale vortices may be responsible for the production of extensive areas of extreme "straight line" wind damage, as has also been observed with some QLCSs. Surface vortices are also produced for weaker shears but remain shallow, weak, and short-lived.
Although similar in size and strength to mesocyclones associated with supercell storms, and also sometimes producing similar hooklike structures in the rain field, it is also shown that the present vortices are quite distinct, structurally and dynamically. Most critically, such vortices are not associated with long-lived, rotating updrafts at midlevels and the associated strong, dynamically forced vertical accelerations, as occur within supercell mesocyclones.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Weisman, ML (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
NR 54
TC 63
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2779
EP 2803
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2779:LMWSLA>2.0.CO;2
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700017
ER
PT J
AU Chen, WY
Van den Dool, H
AF Chen, WY
Van den Dool, H
TI Sensitivity of teleconnection patterns to the sign of their primary
action center
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; SHORT-TIME
SCALES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; HEMISPHERE WINTER; VARIABILITY;
CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; INTERMEDIATE; GREENLAND
AB Teleconnection patterns have been extensively investigated, mostly with linear analysis tools. The lesser-known asymmetric characteristics between positive and negative phases of prominent teleconnections are explored here. Substantial disparity between opposite phases can be found. The Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern exhibits a large difference in structure and statistical significance in its downstream action center, showing either a large impact over the U. S. southern third region or over the western North Atlantic Ocean. The North Atlantic-based patterns display significant impacts over the North Atlantic for large positive anomalies and even larger impacts over the European sector for large negative anomalies.
The monthly variance is distributed nearly evenly over the entire North Atlantic basin. A teleconnection pattern based on different regions of the basin has been known to assume different structure and time variations. The extent of statistical significance is investigated for three typical North Atlantic-associated patterns based separately on the eastern (EATL), western (WATL), and southern (SATL) regions of the North Atlantic. The EATL teleconnection pattern is similar to the classical North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The WATL pattern, however, is more similar to the Arctic (Annular) Oscillation (AO). The sensitivity of the North Atlantic-based teleconnection to a slight shift in base point can be fairly large: the pattern can be an AO or an NAO, with distinctive significance structure between them. Other discernible features are also presented.
C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Chen, WY (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climat Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 29
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 11
BP 2885
EP 2899
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2885:SOTPTT>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740XJ
UT WOS:000186427700023
ER
PT J
AU Mackay, ME
Dao, TT
Tuteja, A
Ho, DL
Van Horn, B
Kim, HC
Hawker, CJ
AF Mackay, ME
Dao, TT
Tuteja, A
Ho, DL
Van Horn, B
Kim, HC
Hawker, CJ
TI Nanoscale effects leading to non-Einstein-like decrease in viscosity
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLE; POLYMER; STRESS; NANOINDENTATION; MECHANISM;
REPTATION; MICROGELS; RHEOLOGY; CHAIN
AB Nanoparticles have been shown to influence mechanical properties; however, transport properties such as viscosity have not been adequately studied. This might be due to the common observation that particle addition to liquids produces an increase in viscosity, even in polymeric liquids, as predicted by Einstein nearly a century ago. But confinement and surface effects provided by nanoparticles have been shown to produce conformational changes to polymer molecules, so it is expected that nanoparticles will affect the macroscopic viscosity. To minimize extraneous enthalpic or other effects, we blended organic nanoparticles, synthesized by intramolecular crosslinking of single polystyrene chains, with linear polystyrene macromolecules. Remarkably, the blend viscosity was found to decrease and scale with the change in free volume introduced by the nanoparticles and not with the decrease in entanglement. Indeed, the entanglements did not seem to be affected at all, suggesting unusual polymer dynamics.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
RP Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM mackay@msu.edu
RI Van Horn, Brooke/B-4198-2011; Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011
OI Van Horn, Brooke/0000-0002-8506-3005; Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X
NR 27
TC 326
Z9 328
U1 9
U2 155
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
EI 1476-4660
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 2
IS 11
BP 762
EP 766
DI 10.1038/nmat999
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 738EJ
UT WOS:000186273500023
PM 14566332
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, SC
Varanasi, U
AF Gardner, SC
Varanasi, U
TI Isovaleric acid accumulation in odontocete melon during development
SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
LA English
DT Article
ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS MONTAGU; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PORPOISE; TISSUES
AB Biosonar in odontocetes is a highly complex process for gathering information about the surrounding environment. The forehead melon lipid and mandibular lipid tissues, which comprise the region known as the acoustical window for cetacean sound production and reception, have a unique biochemical composition that is made up of unusual fatty deposits rich in isovaleric acid. Although the structure of these acoustical lipids was elucidated three decades ago, little work has been done to determine their origin during cetacean development. The objective of this research was to examine development of the acoustical region by characterizing the accumulation of isovaleroyl lipids throughout cetacean early life stages. Biochemical analyses of melon tissue of Phocoena phocoena and Tursiops truncatus of different sizes (as an indicator of age) demonstrated that the proportion of isovalerate increased significantly with length. These results indicate that the acoustic system is not fully developed at birth and that its biochemical structure changes throughout development.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Gardner, SC (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, SC Mar Bermejo 95,Col Playa Palo Santa Rita,Ap 12, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0028-1042
J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
JI Naturwissenschaften
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 90
IS 11
BP 528
EP 531
DI 10.1007/s00114-003-0472-x
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 742KY
UT WOS:000186517000010
PM 14610653
ER
PT J
AU Roni, P
AF Roni, P
TI Responses of benthic fishes and giant salamanders to placement of large
woody debris in small Pacific Northwest streams
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN OREGON; WASHINGTON STREAMS; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITIES; DENSITY;
GROWTH; SIZE
AB The placement of large woody debris (LWD) to improve or restore habitat for fishes is a common practice in North American streams, and the responses of salmonids to this practice have frequently been examined. In contrast, little information exists on the effects of LWD placement on nonsalmonid fishes and amphibians. In this study, I examined the responses of giant salamanders Dicamptodon spp., juvenile lampreyss Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp., reticulate sculpins Cottus perplexus, and torrent sculpins C. rhotheus to artificially placed LWD by sampling 29 small streams with paired treatment and reference reaches. Densities and mean lengths of giant salamanders, reticulate sculpins, torrent sculpins, and lampreyss did not differ significantly between treatment and references reaches. I also examined whether the observed responses were correlated with differences in physical habitat between reference and treatment reaches. Lampreys densities (log(10)[treatment] - log(10)[reference]) and length of age-1 and older reticulate sculpins (log(10)[treatment] - log(10)[reference]) among streams were positively correlated with LWD within the wetted channel. Lampreys length was also positively correlated with differences in percentages of pool area. These results indicate that artificial LWD placement may benefit lampreys and age-1 and older reticulate sculpins (two species known to prefer pools) but have little effect on other nonsalmonid species.
C1 NOAA, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 34
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 23
IS 4
BP 1087
EP 1097
DI 10.1577/M02-048
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 752AY
UT WOS:000187125200002
ER
PT J
AU Fresh, KL
Schroder, SL
AF Fresh, KL
Schroder, SL
TI Predation by northern pikeminnow on hatchery and wild coho salmon smolts
in the Chehalis River, Washington
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE
SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SNAKE RIVERS; FISH;
WALLEYES; ABILITY; PATTERN
AB One explanation for the low smolt-to-adult survival rates of hatchery and wild coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch originating from the Chehalis River, Washington, is predation by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied predation by northern pikeminnow on emigrating coho salmon smolts in the undammed, lower main-stem Chehalis River (river kilometers [rkm] 2782) during April and May of 1988 and 1989. Where only wild coho salmon smolts were available, we estimated that northern pikeminnow ate 0.2% of the 1,100,000 wild coho salmon smolts migrating through this reach in 1989. In the reach where both hatchery and wild fish were present, northern pikeminnow ate about 0.9% of the hatchery and wild coho salmon available in this area in 1989. Thus, the total estimated loss of coho salmon smolts due to northern pikeminnow predation in the lower main-stem Chehalis River in 1989 was approximately 18,200 fish. This was about two orders of magnitude less than the loss that we predicted to occur if northern pikeminnow were primarily responsible for the low survival rates of coho salmon in this basin. Evidence suggested that most of the predation was occurring on hatchery origin fish below rkm 42. We conclude that northern pikeminnow were not responsible for the low survival rates of coho salmon smolts in the Chehalis River Basin, but they do have a more significant impact on the survival of hatchery-produced coho salmon than on the survival of wild coho salmon.
C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Management Program, Sci Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Fresh, KL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 23
IS 4
BP 1257
EP 1264
DI 10.1577/M02-030
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 752AY
UT WOS:000187125200019
ER
PT J
AU Hamann, HF
Larbadi, M
Barzen, S
Brown, T
Gallagher, A
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Hamann, HF
Larbadi, M
Barzen, S
Brown, T
Gallagher, A
Nesbitt, DJ
TI Extinction near-field optical microscopy
SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; EVANESCENT-WAVE SCATTERING; APERTURELESS
MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NANOMETER-SCALE; LIGHT-EMISSION; PROBE
TIP; ENHANCEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY
AB This work presents a novel approach for apertureless, near-field scanning optical microscopy based on extinction of the incident beam for samples illuminated in evanescent fields and scanned with non-contact atomic force methods. The scheme exploits shot-noise limited detection of changes in reflected light intensity due to near-field interactions between the sample and a sharp atomic force microscope (AFM) tip as a function of probe-sample geometry, providing both high sensitivity (<0.1 ppm Hz(0.5)) and absolute cross-section data for comparison with near-field model predictions. Extinction cross-section data for a Si probe in an evanescent field is measured as a function of excitation laser wavelength, which compare qualitatively well with Mie and Rayleigh theory for an effective ellipsoid model of the AFM tip. Extinction methods are then used to image single Au-nanoparticles (radius approximate to 7 nm), with the signal magnitudes interpreted via simple electrostatic near-field models for the probe-sample interaction. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
RP Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM hendrikh@us.ibm.com
NR 48
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0030-4018
EI 1873-0310
J9 OPT COMMUN
JI Opt. Commun.
PD NOV 1
PY 2003
VL 227
IS 1-3
BP 1
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2003.08.039
PG 13
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 739NJ
UT WOS:000186353100001
ER
PT J
AU Deng, L
Payne, MG
AF Deng, L
Payne, MG
TI Three-photon destructive interference in ultraslow-propagation-enhanced
four-wave mixing
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; 4-PHOTON RESONANCE; NONLINEAR OPTICS; IONIZATION;
GENERATION
AB We show that, although the efficiency of a multiwave mixing process can be significantly enhanced by an ultra-slowly-propagating pump wave, a three-photon destructive interference between the generated wave and the pump wave limits the final achievable conversion efficiency.
C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012
NR 16
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 5
AR 051801
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.051801
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750BF
UT WOS:000186970900011
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, JS
Keren, A
Ehlers, G
Stock, C
Segal, E
Roper, JM
Fak, B
Stone, MB
Hammar, PR
Reich, DH
Gaulin, BD
AF Gardner, JS
Keren, A
Ehlers, G
Stock, C
Segal, E
Roper, JM
Fak, B
Stone, MB
Hammar, PR
Reich, DH
Gaulin, BD
TI Dynamic frustrated magnetism in Tb2Ti2O7 at 50 mK
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; NEUTRON-SPIN-ECHO; SINGLE-CRYSTAL;
ICE; LIQUID; SCATTERING; GLASSES; Y2MO2O7; STATE
AB The low temperature (T<1 K) properties of the cooperative paramagnet Tb2Ti2O7 have been studied by ac susceptibility, neutron diffraction and neutron spin echo techniques. Like several other frustrated magnets, Tb2Ti2O7, is believed to remain paramagnetic down to similar to0.07 K. However, recent studies [Yasui et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71, 599 (2002), for example] suggest that Tb2Ti2O7 enters an ordered, albeit glassy, state at a relatively high temperature, similar to1.5 K. Our results confirm that the majority of the spins in Tb2Ti2O7 fluctuate very rapidly, even at 50 mK and that static, spatial correlations do not develop beyond nearest neighbor at similar temperatures. We suggest that the observation of a partial freezing of this magnetic system, at finite temperature, is a result of a small fraction of spins freezing around defects in the stoichiometric crystal structure.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
CNR, NPMR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
McMaster Univ, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Gardner,
Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008
OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X
NR 30
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 18
AR 180401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.180401
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 750PE
UT WOS:000187004300003
ER
PT J
AU Matsuba, G
Shimizu, K
Wang, H
Wang, ZG
Han, CC
AF Matsuba, G
Shimizu, K
Wang, H
Wang, ZG
Han, CC
TI Kinetics of phase separation and crystallization in poly
(ethylene-ran-hexene) and poly (ethylene-ran-octene)
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE phase separation; phase diagram; crystallization; polyolefins; blends
ID ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES;
MELTING BEHAVIOR; COPOLYMER BLENDS; X-RAY; TRANSITIONS; MORPHOLOGY;
1-OCTENE; STYRENE
AB The kinetics of phase separation and crystallization in the blends of polyethylene-ran-hexene) (PEH) and polyethylene-ran-octene) (PEOC) at several compositions were studied using phase contrast optical microscopy and time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The phase contrast optical microscopy showed the interconnected bicontinuous structure during phase separation process, which is characteristic of a spinodal decomposition. During isothermal crystallization, the average lamellar spacing increases with time for blends at all concentrations. The crystallinity and crystal growth rate depend on the PEH concentration. At dilute PEH concentrations, crystallization of PEH chains is difficult because they are surrounded by many non-crystallizable PEOC chains. On the other hand, at higher PEH concentrations, crystallization processes are similar to pure PEH. For example, the spherulitic growth rates are similar for a PEH/PEOC = 50/50 blend and pure PEH. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Matsuba, G (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010
NR 29
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 44
IS 24
BP 7459
EP 7465
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.09.032
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 737BJ
UT WOS:000186208200022
ER
PT J
AU Obmolova, G
Teplyakov, A
Khil, PP
Howard, AJ
Camerini-Otero, RD
Gilliland, GL
AF Obmolova, G
Teplyakov, A
Khil, PP
Howard, AJ
Camerini-Otero, RD
Gilliland, GL
TI Crystal structure of the Escherichia coli Tas protein, an
NADP(H)-dependent aldo-keto reductase
SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; BINDING SITE; DEHYDROGENASE; SUPERFAMILY; COMPLEX;
GENES
C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NIDDK, Genet & Biochem Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
IIT, Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
RP Gilliland, GL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
OI Khil, Pavel/0000-0002-4903-8777; Teplyakov, Alexey/0000-0003-0296-0016
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01-GM57890]
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0887-3585
J9 PROTEINS
JI Proteins
PD NOV 1
PY 2003
VL 53
IS 2
BP 323
EP 325
DI 10.1002/prot.10367
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 749WD
UT WOS:000186951800018
PM 14517983
ER
PT J
AU Brennen, GK
AF Brennen, GK
TI An observable measure of entanglement for pure states of multi-qubit
systems
SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE entanglement
ID MONOTONES; GATES; ATOMS
AB Recently, Meyer and Wallach [D.A. Meyer and N.R. Wallach (2002), J. of Math. Phys., 43, pp. 4273] proposed a measure of multi-qubit entanglement that is a function on pure states. We find that this function can be interpreted as a physical quantity related to the average purity of the constituent qubits and show how it can be observed in an efficient manner without the need for full quantum state tomography. A possible realization is described for measuring the entanglement of a chain of atomic qubits trapped in a 3D optical lattice.
C1 NIST, Quantum Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brennen, GK (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009
OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X
NR 17
TC 135
Z9 135
U1 0
U2 8
PU RINTON PRESS, INC
PI PARAMUS
PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA
SN 1533-7146
J9 QUANTUM INFORM COMPU
JI Quantum Inform. Comput.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 3
IS 6
BP 619
EP 626
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields;
Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 748MA
UT WOS:000186864600005
ER
PT J
AU Shanmugaraju, A
Moon, YJ
Dryer, M
Umapathy, S
AF Shanmugaraju, A
Moon, YJ
Dryer, M
Umapathy, S
TI Statistical characteristics of CMEs and flares associated with solar
type II radio bursts
SO SOLAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK-WAVES; ORIGIN
AB We have made a comprehensive statistical study of the characteristics of 290 SOHO/LASCO CMEs and their associated GOES-8 X-ray flares (>C1 class) during the period January 1997-December 2000 of solar cycle 23's rise to maximum. These events were classified into mainly three groups (Group noII - not associated with type IIs, Group II - associated with type IIs, Group DH - associated with deca/hectametric type IIs). To understand the physical characteristics associated with the origin of metric type IIs, we have examined the important parameters of CMEs and flares such as the speed and width of CMEs, and the rise time, duration and importance of flares. Major results from the present study are: (i) CMEs with type IIs are relatively bigger in size (mean width = 93degrees) with higher speed (mean = 704 km s(-1)) than those of the CMEs without type IIs (mean width = 54degrees and mean speed = 505 km s(-1)); (ii) flares with type IIs have longer rise time (mean = 16.1 min) and duration (mean = 32.7 min) than the mean values (rise time = 11.8 min; duration = 22.4 min) of flares without type IIs. Also the significant differences between Group noII and Group II have been identified from results of the Student's t-test. It may be emphasized that the impulsiveness of type II flares is found to be higher than that of no type II flares. However, there are exceptional cases: among the 229 CMEs without type IIs, nearly 50% (115/229) of CMEs in Group noII had speeds >400 km s(-1), and nearly 10% (22/229) of CMEs had widths between 100 200 deg. Similarly, in this group, there are more than 10% (30/229) flares of class > M1 and nearly 7% (17/229) of flares with duration > 45 min. These results may imply that a special condition, like 'low Alfven speed', as a favoring environment for producing MHD shocks, is necessary to generate metric type IIs. The CMEs and flares associated with both metric as well as DH type IIs are likely to be the most energetic events. The mean acceleration of flare-associated DH CMEs tends to be positive in contrast to that of all DH CMEs.
C1 Univ Los Andes, Dept Phys, Bogota, Colombia.
Big Bear Solar Observ, NJIT, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA.
Korea Astron Observ, Taejon 305348, South Korea.
NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Shanmugaraju, A (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Phys, Bogota, Colombia.
EM sannamal@uniandes.edu.co; yjmoon@bbso.njit.edu; murray.dryer@noaa.gov
RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-0938
EI 1573-093X
J9 SOL PHYS
JI Sol. Phys.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 217
IS 2
BP 301
EP 317
DI 10.1023/B:SOLA.0000006902.89339.e4
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 750ME
UT WOS:000186999700007
ER
PT J
AU Ohlemacher, R
AF Ohlemacher, R
TI The Earth Observation Summit: heralding a new era for international
cooperation
SO SPACE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
AB The world's first political summit on Earth observation was attended by senior policy makers and expert organizations from a range of scientific disciplines. Its aim was to improve global cooperation in Earth observation and increase its use as a decision-making tool for sustainable development and resource conservation. This article presents a brief survey of the progress made in Earth observation since its birth. along with the specific events driving the convening of the summit. The summit produced a declaration outlining four key areas requiring support, and an ad hoc group was established to produce a 10-year plan and drive implementation of policy. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NOAA, Off Under Secretary Commerce Oceans & Atmosphere, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Ohlemacher, R (reprint author), NOAA, Off Under Secretary Commerce Oceans & Atmosphere, 14th St & Constitut Ave,NW,Room 5811, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0265-9646
J9 SPACE POLICY
JI Space Policy
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 277
EP 281
DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2003.09.001
PG 5
WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 743AX
UT WOS:000186551200006
ER
PT J
AU Kuzmanovic, DA
Elashvili, I
Wick, C
O'Connell, C
Krueger, S
AF Kuzmanovic, DA
Elashvili, I
Wick, C
O'Connell, C
Krueger, S
TI Bacteriophage MS2: Molecular weight and spatial distribution of the
protein and RNA components by small-angle neutron scattering and virus
counting
SO STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID RIBONUCLEIC ACID; A-PROTEIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COAT PROTEIN; MS2;
PARTICLES; PHAGE; STANDARDS; WATER; DISINFECTANTS
AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to extend the structural characterization of the MS2 phage by examining its physical characteristics in solution. Specifically, the contrast variation technique was employed to determine the molecular weight of the individual components of the MS2 virion (protein shell and genomic RNA) and the spatial relationship of the genomic RNA to its protein shell. A consequence of this work was to evaluate a novel particle counting instrument, the integrated virus detection system (IVDS) that, in combination with SANS, has the potential to provide rapid quantitative physical characterization of unidentified viruses and phage.
C1 NIST, Ctr Nuetron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA.
RP Krueger, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nuetron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 54
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 5
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0969-2126
J9 STRUCTURE
JI Structure
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 11
IS 11
BP 1339
EP 1348
DI 10.1016/j.str.2003.09.021
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 741RQ
UT WOS:000186472500009
PM 14604524
ER
PT J
AU Hey, J
Waples, RS
Arnold, ML
Butlin, RK
Harrison, RG
AF Hey, J
Waples, RS
Arnold, ML
Butlin, RK
Harrison, RG
TI Understanding and confronting species uncertainty in biology and
conservation
SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Review
ID SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; INDIVIDUALITY; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMATICS
AB Recent essays on the species problem have emphasized the commonality that many species concepts have with basic evolutionary theory. Although true, such consensus fails to address the nature of the ambiguity that is associated with species-related research. We argue that biologists who endure the species problem can benefit from a synthesis in which individual taxonomic species are used as hypotheses of evolutionary entities. We discuss two sources of species uncertainty: one that is a semantic confusion, and a second that is caused by the inherent uncertainty of evolutionary entities. The former can be dispelled with careful communication, whereas the latter is a conventional scientific uncertainty that can only be mitigated by research. This scientific uncertainty cannot be 'solved' or stamped out, but neither need it be ignored or feared.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Hey, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM hey@biology.rutgers.edu
RI Hey, Jody/D-1257-2009; Butlin, Roger/F-7709-2013; Waples,
Robin/K-1126-2016
OI Butlin, Roger/0000-0003-4736-0954;
NR 71
TC 146
Z9 156
U1 3
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0169-5347
J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL
JI Trends Ecol. Evol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 11
BP 597
EP 603
DI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.014
PG 7
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA 738WP
UT WOS:000186311100011
ER
PT J
AU Waters, KR
Bridal, SL
Cohen-Bacrie, C
Levrier, C
Fornes, P
Laugier, P
AF Waters, KR
Bridal, SL
Cohen-Bacrie, C
Levrier, C
Fornes, P
Laugier, P
TI Parametric analysis of carotid plaque using a clinical ultrasound
imaging system
SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atherosclerosis; tissue characterization; in vitro measurement; carotid
plaque; ultrasonic backscatter; parametric image; backscatter transfer
function; integrated backscatter; mid-band; slope; intercept;
grey-scale; bias; limits of agreement; significant correlation
ID B-MODE IMAGES; TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND;
ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; FIBROUS CAP; ATTENUATION; CLASSIFICATION;
BACKSCATTER; FRAMEWORK; MHZ
AB We evaluated quantitative ultrasonic methods for assessment of carotid plaque content. In vitro measurements of fixed, carotid plaque specimens obtained by surgical endarterectomy were performed using a clinical Philips HDI 5000 imaging system connected to a radiofrequency (RF) signal-acquisition system. We acquired RF signals and grey-scale images from carotid specimens (n = 17) and a tissue-mimicking reference phantom. Imaged plaque sections were then classified according to histology. Parametric images were constructed from the integrated backscatter (IBS), and the midband, slope and intercept values of a straight-line fit to the apparent backscatter transfer function. Analysis was performed on 82 regions-of-interest (ROIs). The IBS values for collagen, lipid and hemorrhage plaques were 5.8 +/- 5.4, 3.9 +/- 3.7, 2.8 +/- 2.2 dB, respectively. Midband and IBS parameter images exhibited good agreement in morphology with histology, whereas the slope and intercept parameter images were noisy. Mean IBS, midband, and grey-scale values of complex plaques were found to be statistically different (p < 0.05) from lipid, hemorrhage and fibrolipid plaques. The bias and limits of agreement (1.3 +/- 4.9 dB) between the grey-scale and IBS methods, however, indicated that the two methods were not interchangeable. Results indicate necessary improvements, such as reduction of large measurement variances and identification of robust parameters, that will permit multiparametric characterization of carotid plaque under in vivo conditions. (E-mail: krwaters@boulder.nist.gov) (C) 2003 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7623, Lab Imagerie Parametr, Paris, France.
Philips Res France, Suresnes, France.
Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Anat Pathol Lab, Paris, France.
RP Waters, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI Bridal, S. Lori/0000-0001-5053-5423
NR 33
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0301-5629
J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL
JI Ultrasound Med. Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2003
VL 29
IS 11
BP 1521
EP 1530
DI 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.08.007
PG 10
WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 748RA
UT WOS:000186873800001
PM 14654148
ER
PT J
AU Rhoderick, GC
AF Rhoderick, GC
TI Analysis of natural gas: the necessity of multiple standards for
calibration
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE calibration standards; methane; natural gas
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY
AB The importance of natural gas as an international trading commodity and the cost to consumers has made the accuracy of determinations for the components of natural gas very important. Pricing of natural gas is based on the heating value of the gas determined from either calorimetry measurements or calculations based on individual component concentrations determined by gas chromatography (GC). Due to the expense of accurate calibration standards, many analysts and laboratories will use a single calibration standard to perform natural gas determinations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether an analyst could accurately measure the components of natural gas, in particular methane, using a single standard, or whether a suite of standards is necessary to calibrate the analytical instrument. A suite of eight gravimetric primary standards was prepared covering a concentration range for methane of 64-94 mol%, with uncertainties of +/-0.05% relative (95% confidence interval). The natural gas primary standards also contained nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, iso-butane, n-butane, iso-pentane, n-pentane, and n-hexane with varying concentrations from 0.02 to 14%. A single analytical method was used in which only the amount of sample injected onto the column was altered. The results show that when injecting a 0.5 ml sample volume a second-order regression through the standards is necessary for the determination of methane. The results for nitrogen, ethane and propane also, show the same trend. Only those individual standards whose methane concentration is within 1% of the test mixture predicted a concentration within 0.05% of the regression value. Those individual primary standards whose methane concentration is different by more than +/-1% of the test mixture predicted values differing by +/-0.5 to +/-2.0% from the regression value. These differences lie well outside the predicted concentration uncertainty interval of +/-0.20%. A smaller sample volume 0.1 ml resulted in a set of data that could be fit using linear regression. Each of the eight primary standards individually predicted the methane in the test mixture to be within +/-0.11% of the predicted value from linear regression. The data confirm that it is imperative to fully characterize the analytical system before proceeding with an analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Bldg 227-B120,100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD OCT 31
PY 2003
VL 1017
IS 1-2
BP 131
EP 139
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.002
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 730XZ
UT WOS:000185856600013
PM 14584698
ER
PT J
AU Cosgrove, BA
Lohmann, D
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Marshall, C
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Meng, J
AF Cosgrove, BA
Lohmann, D
Mitchell, KE
Houser, PR
Wood, EF
Schaake, JC
Robock, A
Marshall, C
Sheffield, J
Duan, QY
Luo, LF
Higgins, RW
Pinker, RT
Tarpley, JD
Meng, J
TI Real-time and retrospective forcing in the North American Land Data
Assimilation System (NLDAS) project
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE NLDAS; North American Land Data Assimilation System; forcing data; LSM;
land surface modeling; LDAS
ID MODEL; SURFACE
AB [1] The accuracy of forcing data greatly impacts the ability of land surface models (LSMs) to produce realistic simulations of land surface processes. With this in mind, the multi-institutional North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project has produced retrospective ( 1996 - 2002) and real- time ( 1999 - present) data sets to support its LSM modeling activities. Featuring 0.125degrees spatial resolution, hourly temporal resolution, nine primary forcing fields, and six secondary validation/model development fields, each data set is based on a backbone of Eta Data Assimilation System/Eta data and is supplemented with observation-based precipitation and radiation data. Hourly observation-based precipitation data are derived from a combination of daily National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center (CPC) gauge-based precipitation analyses and hourly National Weather Service Doppler radar-based (WSR-88D) precipitation analyses, wherein the hourly radar-based analyses are used to temporally disaggregate the daily CPC analyses. NLDAS observation-based shortwave values are derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite radiation data processed at the University of Maryland and at the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service. Extensive quality control and validation efforts have been conducted on the NLDAS forcing data sets, and favorable comparisons have taken place with Oklahoma Mesonet, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program/cloud and radiation test bed, and Surface Radiation observation data. The real- time forcing data set is constantly evolving to make use of the latest advances in forcing- related data sets, and all of the real- time and retrospective data are available online at http:// ldas. gsfc. nasa. gov for visualization and downloading in both full and subset forms.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Sci Applicat Int Corp, Gen Sci Operat, Beltsville, MD USA.
NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NOAA, Res Off, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Cosgrove, BA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Mail Code 974-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM brian.cosgrove@gsfc.nasa.gov; dlohmann@ncep.noaa.gov;
kenneth.mitchell@noaa.gov; paul.r.houser@nasa.gov; efwood@princeton.edu;
john.schaake@noaa.gov; robock@envsci.rutgers.edu;
curtis@atmos.colostate.edu; justin@princeton.edu; qingyun.duan@noaa.gov;
lluo@rutgers.edu; wayne.higgins@noaa.gov; pinker@atmos.umd.edu;
dan.tarpley@noaa.gov; jesse.meng@noaa.gov
RI Sheffield, Justin/A-6388-2008; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker,
Rachel/F-6565-2010; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011;
Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
NR 15
TC 281
Z9 284
U1 1
U2 24
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 31
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D22
AR 8842
DI 10.1029/2002JD003118
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740HG
UT WOS:000186396500001
ER
PT J
AU Stock, R
Deutsch, IH
Bolda, EL
AF Stock, R
Deutsch, IH
Bolda, EL
TI Quantum state control via trap-induced shape resonance in ultracold
atomic collisions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING; MATTER; GAS
AB We investigate controlled collisions between trapped but separated ultracold atoms. The interaction between atoms is treated self-consistently using an energy-dependent delta-function pseudopotential model, whose validity we establish. At a critical separation, a "trap-induced shape resonance" between molecular bound states and a vibrational eigenstate of the trap can occur. This resonance leads to an avoided crossing in the eigenspectrum as a function of separation. We investigate how this new resonance can be employed for quantum control.
C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stock, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RI Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009
OI Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750
NR 29
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 31
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 18
AR 183201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.183201
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 738EY
UT WOS:000186274800013
PM 14611281
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, T
Sutherland, SC
Feely, RA
Cosca, CE
AF Takahashi, T
Sutherland, SC
Feely, RA
Cosca, CE
TI Decadal variation of the surface water PCO2 in the western and central
equatorial Pacific
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO2 DISTRIBUTIONS; OCEAN; SEA;
TEMPERATURES; PCO(2); CARBON; EVENT
AB The equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the most important yet highly variable oceanic source areas for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Here, we used the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2), measured in surface waters from 1979 through early 2001, to examine the effect on the equatorial Pacific CO2 chemistry of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation phase shift, which occurred around 1988 to 1992. During the decade before the shift, the surface water PCO2 (corrected for temperature changes and atmospheric CO2 uptake) in the central and western equatorial Pacific decreased at a mean rate of about -20 muatm per decade, whereas after the shift, it increased at about +15 muatm per decade. These changes altered the CO2 sink and source flux of the equatorial Pacific significantly.
C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
NR 24
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 20
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 31
PY 2003
VL 302
IS 5646
BP 852
EP 856
DI 10.1126/science.1088570
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 737XQ
UT WOS:000186258000045
PM 14593175
ER
PT J
AU Dubey, JP
Zarnke, R
Thomas, NJ
Wong, SK
Van Bonn, W
Briggs, M
Davis, JW
Ewing, R
Mense, M
Kwok, OCH
Romand, S
Thulliez, P
AF Dubey, JP
Zarnke, R
Thomas, NJ
Wong, SK
Van Bonn, W
Briggs, M
Davis, JW
Ewing, R
Mense, M
Kwok, OCH
Romand, S
Thulliez, P
TI Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and
Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals
SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora caninum; Sarcocystis neurona; Sarcocystis
canis; antibodies; agglutination tests; sea otters; walruses; seals; sea
lion; manatee
ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA
RICHARDSI; PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; MORBILLIVIRUS
INFECTION; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; OTTER; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS
AB Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and S. canis are related protozoans that can cause mortality in many species of domestic and wild animals. Recently, T gondii and S. neurona were recognized to cause encephalitis in marine mammals. As yet, there is no report of natural exposure of N. caninum in marine mammals. In the present study, antibodies to T gondii and N. caninum were assayed in sera of several species of marine mammals. For T gondii, sera were diluted 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500 and assayed in the T gondii modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies (MATgreater than or equal to1:25) to T gondii were found in 89 of 115 (77%) dead, and 18 of 30 (60%) apparently healthy sea otters (Enhydra lutris), 51 of 311 (16%) Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), 19 of 45 (42%) sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 5 of 32 (16%) ringed seals (Phoca hispida), 4 of 8 (50%) bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), 1 of 9 (11.1%) spotted seals (Phoca largha), 138 of 141 (98%) Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and 3 of 53 (6%) walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). For N. caninum, sera were diluted 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, and 1:320 and examined with the Neospora agglutination test (NAT) using mouse-derived tachyzoites. NAT antibodies were found in 3 of 53 (6%) walruses, 28 of 145 (19%) sea otters, 11 of 311 (3.5%) harbor seals, 1 of 27 (3.7%) sea lions, 4 of 32 (12.5%) ringed seals, 1 of 8 (12.5%) bearded seals, and 43 of 47 (91%) bottlenose dolphins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. caninum antibodies in any marine mammal, and the first report of T gondii antibodies in walruses and in ringed, bearded, spotted, and ribbon seals. Current information on T gondii-like and Sarcocystis-like infections in marine mammals is reviewed. New cases of clinical S. canis and T gondii infections are also reported in sea lions, and T gondii infection in an Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
USN, Marine Mammal Program, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, Dept Commerce, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA.
Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov
NR 57
TC 148
Z9 167
U1 6
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4017
EI 1873-2550
J9 VET PARASITOL
JI Vet. Parasitol.
PD OCT 30
PY 2003
VL 116
IS 4
BP 275
EP 296
DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00263-2
PG 22
WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 741LE
UT WOS:000186458900002
PM 14580799
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, SD
Baumgardner, D
Gandrud, B
Dye, JE
Northway, MJ
Fahey, DW
Bui, TP
Toon, OB
Tolbert, MA
AF Brooks, SD
Baumgardner, D
Gandrud, B
Dye, JE
Northway, MJ
Fahey, DW
Bui, TP
Toon, OB
Tolbert, MA
TI Measurements of large stratospheric particles in the Arctic polar vortex
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE PSC; MASP; denitrification
ID LARGE HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES; ANTARCTIC SPRING STRATOSPHERE;
NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; OZONE LOSS; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; REACTIVE
NITROGEN; VAPOR-PRESSURES; DENITRIFICATION; CLOUDS; WINTER
AB [1] During the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone 2000 mission, the Multiangle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe ( MASP) was flown aboard the ER-2 aircraft sampling the Arctic polar vortex. On several of the flights the ER-2 flew directly through polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), and on six of these flights the MASP sampled large particles ( 2 - 22 mum diameter). MASP large particle observations are correlated in time with the large particle signal from the NOAA NOy measurements. This is direct evidence supporting the inference of particle size made by the NOy instrument. On 20 January 2000, the day of the most intense PSC encounter, the shapes of the large particle size distributions above 9 mum observed by the MASP and simulated based on the NOy instruments are in reasonable agreement. The MASP observations show a dramatic increase in large particle volume as the temperature approaches the nitric acid trihydrate equilibrium temperature. Our study suggests that large particles containing nitric acid are present in the Arctic polar stratosphere and may lead to denitrification.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Mexicana, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sbrooks@lamar.colostate.edu; darrel@servidor.unam.mx;
northway@al.noaa.gov; dfahey@al.noaa.gov; toon@lasp.colorado.edu
RI Brooks, Sarah/H-1176-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 29
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D20
AR 4652
DI 10.1029/2002JD003278
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 740GU
UT WOS:000186395300001
ER
PT J
AU Dizdaroglu, M
AF Dizdaroglu, M
TI Substrate specificities and excision kinetics of DNA glycosylases
involved in base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the European-Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CY SEP 03-07, 2002
CL WARSAW, POLAND
SP European Enviro Mutagen Soc
DE oxygen-derived species; free radicals; oxidative DNA damage;
base-excision repair; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; modified DNA
bases
ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-VIII; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN
S3; GENERATED FREE-RADICALS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE;
FPG PROTEIN; OGG1 PROTEIN; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA
AB Reactive oxygen-derived species such as free radicals are formed in living cells by normal metabolism and exogenous sources, and cause a variety of types of DNA damage such as base and sugar damage, strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. Living organisms possess repair systems that repair DNA damage. Oxidative DNA damage caused by free radicals and other oxidizing agents is mainly repaired by base-excision repair (BER), which involves DNA glycosylases in the first step of the repair process. These enzymes remove modified bases from DNA by hydrolyzing the glycosidic bond between the modified base and the sugar moiety, generating an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site. Some also possess AP lyase activity that subsequently cleaves DNA at AP sites. Many DNA glycosylases have been discovered and isolated, and their reaction mechanisms and substrate specificities have been elucidated. Most of the known products of oxidative damage to DNA are substrates of DNA glycosylases with broad or narrow substrate specificities. Some possess cross-activity and remove both pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions. Overlapping activities between enzymes also exist. Studies of substrate specificities have been performed using either oligodeoxynucleotides with a single modified base embedded at a specific position or damaged DNA substrates containing a multiplicity of pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions. This paper reviews the substrate specificities and excision kinetics of DNA glycosylases that have been investigated with the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and DNA substrates with multiple lesions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 124
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 29
PY 2003
VL 531
IS 1-2
BP 109
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.07.003
PG 18
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 754NJ
UT WOS:000187323000007
PM 14637249
ER
PT J
AU Radovic, M
Barsoum, MW
El-Raghy, T
Wiederhorn, SM
AF Radovic, M
Barsoum, MW
El-Raghy, T
Wiederhorn, SM
TI Tensile creep of coarse-grained Ti3SiC2 in the 1000-1200 degrees C
temperature range
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE ceramics; mechanical properties; high-temperature material;
microstructure
ID FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES;
FRACTURE PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION; CERAMICS; ICE; SUPERPLASTICITY;
DISLOCATIONS; OXIDATION
AB The tensile creep of coarse-grained, CG, Ti3SiC2 samples, in the 1000-1200 degreesC temperature, T, and 10 MPa to 100 MPa stress, sigma, ranges, respectively, was studied. The creep behavior is characterized by three regimes: an initial, a secondary where the creep rate is at a minimum, (epsilon)over dot(min), and a tertiary regime. In the intermediate regime (epsilon)over dot(min) is given by:
(epsilon)over dot(min)(s)(-1) = epsilon(0)exp(17+/-1) (sigma/sigma(o))(2.0+/-0.1) exp(-458 +/- 12 kJ/mol/RT)
where sigma(0) = 1 MPa and epsilon(0) = 1 s(-1). The times to failure are given by: t(f) (s) = exp(-2 +/- 0.3)(epsilon)over dot(min)(-1). The results presented herein confirm that: (a) dislocation creep is the dominant mechanism; (b) the high plastic anisotropy of Ti3SiC2 results in large internal stresses during creep; (c) the response is dictated by a competition between the rates of generation and dissipation of these internal stresses; (d) at higher temperatures and/or lower strain rates the internal stresses can dissipate and the behavior is more ductile. Furthermore, in the tertiary creep regime, the creep appears to occur by a combination of dislocation creep and the formation of cavities and cracks. The coarse-grained samples have lower creep rates than their fine-grained (3-5 mum) counterparts, and their times to failure are longer. The latter is partially attributable to the ability of the larger grains, whose basal planes are normal to the applied load, to form tenacious crack bridges by delamination and kink band formation, in addition to the bridges that occur when the basal planes are parallel to the applied load. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Barsoum, MW (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RI Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012
OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517
NR 36
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD OCT 27
PY 2003
VL 361
IS 1-2
BP 299
EP 312
DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00435-3
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 735QJ
UT WOS:000186125800050
ER
PT J
AU Simeon, J
Roesler, C
Pegau, WS
Dupouy, C
AF Simeon, J
Roesler, C
Pegau, WS
Dupouy, C
TI Sources of spatial variability in light absorbing components along an
equatorial transect from 165 degrees E to 150 degrees W
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE ccean optical properties; equatorial Pacific; water mass analysis; ocean
tracers
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE PIGMENTS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS;
CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; DIEL VARIATIONS; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
WATERS; CARBON
AB [1] Spatial variability of major light-absorbing components in seawater was analyzed at the equator from 165 degreesE to 150 degreesW during the Zonal Flux Cruise aboard the R/V Thompson from 20 April to 10 May 1996. Spectral absorption coefficients were separated into phytoplankton, nonphytoplankton chromophoric particulate material (CPM) and chromophoric dissolved organic material ( CDOM). CPM and phytoplankton absorption account for about 20% and 80% of the total particulate absorption, respectively, above 100 m. The < 0.2 μm CDOM absorption accounts for nearly 80% of the total absorption below 100 m. A significant portion of spatial variability in particulate absorption was due to conservative processes in the upper 100 m. Non-conservative spatial variability of phytoplankton absorption was zonally determined by the biomass changes of a spectrally invariant taxonomic community and vertically by photoacclimation. Distributions of size-fractionated CDOM absorption are suggestive of the presence of new ( 0.2 to 0.7 μm) and old (< 0.2 mum) DOM pools. Photochemical reactions and microbial activity are nonconservative processes that act upon these pools, respectively. New DOM was found primarily in the upper water column, while an analysis of variance showed that < 0.2 μm CDOM originating from deep water composes the background CDOM in the Equatorial Pacific.
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Ctr IRD Noumea, Noumea, New Caledonia.
RP Simeon, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, POB CN 710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 59
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 25
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C10
AR 3333
DI 10.1029/2002JC001613
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 736XX
UT WOS:000186199500001
ER
PT J
AU Eckhardt, S
Stohl, A
Beirle, S
Spichtinger, N
James, P
Forster, C
Junker, C
Wagner, T
Platt, U
Jennings, SG
AF Eckhardt, S
Stohl, A
Beirle, S
Spichtinger, N
James, P
Forster, C
Junker, C
Wagner, T
Platt, U
Jennings, SG
TI The North Atlantic Oscillation controls air pollution transport to the
Arctic
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL; SURFACE; CLOUD; TROPOSPHERE; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS; REGIONS;
BARROW; TRENDS
AB This paper studies the interannual variability of pollution pathways from northern hemisphere (NH) continents into the Arctic. Using a 15-year model simulation of the dispersion of passive tracers representative of anthropogenic emissions from NH continents, we show that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts a strong control on the pollution transport into the Arctic, particularly in winter and spring. For tracer lifetimes of 5 ( 30) days, surface concentrations in the Arctic winter are enhanced by about 70% (30%) during high phases of the NAO ( in the following referred to as NAO(+)) compared to its low phases (NAO(-)). This is mainly due to great differences in the pathways of European pollution during NAO(+) and NAO(-) phases, respectively, but reinforced by North American pollution, which is also enhanced in the Arctic during NAO(+) phases. In contrast, Asian pollution in the Arctic does not significantly depend on the NAO phase. The model results are confirmed using remotely-sensed NO2 vertical atmospheric columns obtained from seven years of satellite measurements, which show enhanced northward NO2 transport and reduced NO2 outflow into the North Atlantic from Central Europe during NAO(+) phases. Surface measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon at high-latitude stations further corroborate the overall picture of enhanced Arctic pollution levels during NAO(+) phases.
C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8000 Munich, Germany.
Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany.
Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin, Ireland.
RP Stohl, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375
NR 37
TC 105
Z9 105
U1 3
U2 21
PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC
PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY
SN 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 24
PY 2003
VL 3
BP 1769
EP 1778
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 736BH
UT WOS:000186150100001
ER
PT J
AU Sun, W
Deehr, CS
Fry, CD
Dryer, M
Smith, Z
Akasofu, SI
AF Sun, W
Deehr, CS
Fry, CD
Dryer, M
Smith, Z
Akasofu, SI
TI Plane-of-sky simulations of interplanetary shock waves
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME; MODELS
AB [1] We present simulated plane-of-sky maps of the shock waves in interplanetary space from several representative solar events by using the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry solar wind model (HAFv.2). This kinematic model uses a three-dimensional approach to construct plane-of-sky maps of interplanetary shock waves initiated by solar flares and CMEs. The simulated plane-of-sky maps are in a form that can be directly compared with assimilated optical observations of shock waves from Earth-orbiting and interplanetary satellites. Combining these simulations with observations would provide a new tool for monitoring the propagation of interplanetary shocks in interplanetary space and for predicting the arrival of shock waves at Earth.
C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA.
NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM Sun@jupiter.gi.alaska.edu; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu; gfry@expi.com;
Murray.Dryer@noaa.gov; Zdenka.Smith@noaa.gov; Sakasofu@iarc.uaf.edu
RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012
NR 12
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 23
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 20
AR 2044
DI 10.1029/2003GL017574
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 736XG
UT WOS:000186198100001
ER
PT J
AU Reichler, T
Dameris, M
Sausen, R
AF Reichler, T
Dameris, M
Sausen, R
TI Determining the tropopause height from gridded data
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE
AB [1] A method is presented to determine tropopause height from gridded temperature data with coarse vertical resolution. The algorithm uses a thermal definition of the tropopause, which is based on the concept of a "threshold lapse-rate''. Interpolation is performed to identify the pressure at which this threshold is reached and maintained for a prescribed vertical distance. The method is verified by comparing the heights calculated from analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with the observed heights at individual radiosonde stations. RMS errors in the calculated tropopause heights are generally small. They range from 30 - 40 hPa in the extratropics to 10 - 20 hPa in the tropics. The largest deviations occur in the subtropics, where the tropopause has strong meridional gradients that are not adequately resolved by the input data.
C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
RP Reichler, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 14
TC 88
Z9 97
U1 3
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 22
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 20
AR 2042
DI 10.1029/2003GL018240
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 736XF
UT WOS:000186198000005
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, WA
Li, SL
Peng, SL
AF Robinson, WA
Li, SL
Peng, SL
TI Dynamical nonlinearity in the atmospheric response to Atlantic sea
surface temperature anomalies
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB [1] Large ensembles ( 100 members) of atmospheric general circulation model experiments are forced throughout the Northern Hemisphere cold season by four different sea surface temperature (SST) fields: the observed climatology, the so-called SST tripole pattern, and its tropical and its extratropical subcomponents. Late winter responses to these anomalies are of modest amplitude, in comparison with the amplitudes of climatological stationary waves, but are, because of the large ensemble, significant. Despite their modest amplitudes, the responses display additive nonlinearity, in that the sum of the separate responses to the component anomalies differs significantly from the response to the tripole. Neither the heating field nor the basin averaged zonal winds display this nonlinearity. It is most evident in a sub-basin scale wave train, and most significant in its impact on the amplitude of the geopotential response. These results indicate that even for modest forcing, responses to patterns of SST anomalies cannot necessarily be understood as the sums of responses to constituent anomalies.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Robinson, WA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012; Li, Shuanglin /D-5695-2013
OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408; Li, Shuanglin /0000-0002-4891-8561
NR 7
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 21
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 20
AR 2038
DI 10.1029/2003GL018416
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 736XE
UT WOS:000186197900005
ER
PT J
AU Kinne, S
Lohmann, U
Feichter, J
Schulz, M
Timmreck, C
Ghan, S
Easter, R
Chin, M
Ginoux, P
Takemura, T
Tegen, I
Koch, D
Herzog, M
Penner, J
Pitari, G
Holben, B
Eck, T
Smirnov, A
Dubovik, O
Slutsker, I
Tanre, D
Torres, O
Mishchenko, M
Geogdzhayev, I
Chu, DA
Kaufman, Y
AF Kinne, S
Lohmann, U
Feichter, J
Schulz, M
Timmreck, C
Ghan, S
Easter, R
Chin, M
Ginoux, P
Takemura, T
Tegen, I
Koch, D
Herzog, M
Penner, J
Pitari, G
Holben, B
Eck, T
Smirnov, A
Dubovik, O
Slutsker, I
Tanre, D
Torres, O
Mishchenko, M
Geogdzhayev, I
Chu, DA
Kaufman, Y
TI Monthly averages of aerosol properties: A global comparison among
models, satellite data, and AERONET ground data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE tropospheric aerosol; aerosol component modeling; aerosol module
evaluation; direct aerosol radiative forcing; regional comparisons
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SEA-SALT; TROPOSPHERIC
AEROSOL; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; SULFATE
AEROSOL; MINERAL AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; DUST AEROSOLS
AB [1] New aerosol modules of global ( circulation and chemical transport) models are evaluated. These new modules distinguish among at least five aerosol components: sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, sea salt, and dust. Monthly and regionally averaged predictions for aerosol mass and aerosol optical depth are compared. Differences among models are significant for all aerosol types. The largest differences were found near expected source regions of biomass burning ( carbon) and dust. Assumptions for the permitted water uptake also contribute to optical depth differences ( of sulfate, organic carbon, and sea salt) at higher latitudes. The decline of mass or optical depth away from recognized sources reveals strong differences in aerosol transport or removal among models. These differences are also a function of altitude, as transport biases of dust do not always extend to other aerosol types. Ratios of optical depth and mass demonstrate large differences in the mass extinction efficiency, even for hydrophobic aerosol. This suggests that efforts of good mass simulations could be wasted or that conversions are misused to cover for poor mass simulations. In an attempt to provide an absolute measure for model skill, simulated total optical depths ( when adding contributions from all five aerosol types) are compared to measurements from ground and space. Comparisons to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) suggest a source strength underestimate in many models, most frequently for ( subtropical) tropical biomass or dust. Comparisons to the combined best of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) indicate that away from sources, model simulations are usually smaller. Particularly large are discrepancies over tropical oceans and oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, raising issues on the treatment of sea salt in models. Totals for mass or optical depth in many models are defined by the absence or dominance of only one aerosol component. With appropriate corrections to that component ( e. g., to removal, to source strength, or to seasonality) a much better model performance can be expected. Still, many important modeling issues remain inconclusive as the combined result of poor coordination ( different emissions and meteorology), insufficient model output ( vertical distributions, water uptake by aerosol type), and unresolved measurement issues ( retrieval assumptions and temporal or spatial sampling biases).
C1 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada.
CEA, CNRS, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NASA, GIT, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Laquila, Italy.
Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
EM kinne@dkrz.de; ulrike.lohmann@dal.ca; feichter@dkrz.de;
schulz@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; timmreck@dkrz.de; steve.ghan@pnl.gov;
richard.easter@pnl.gov; chin@gator1.gsfc.nasa.gov; ginoux@rondo.gsfc;
toshi@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; itegen@bgc-jena.mpg.de;
dorothy.koch@yale.edu; herzogm@umich.edu; penner@umich.edu;
pitari@vxscaq.aquila.infn.it; brent@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov;
tom@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; asmirnov@spamer.gsfc.nasa.gov;
dubovik@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; ilya@aeronet.nasa.gov;
didier.tanre@univ-lille1.fr; torres@tparty.gsfc.nasa.gov;
mmishchenko@giss.nasa.gov; ig117@columbia.edu;
achu@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; yoram.j.kaufman@nasa.gov
RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Pitari,
Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; U-ID,
Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Smirnov,
Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Takemura,
Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012;
Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Kyushu,
RIAM/F-4018-2015; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011
OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785;
Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460;
Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Takemura,
Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Schulz,
Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158
NR 64
TC 179
Z9 181
U1 4
U2 42
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 21
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D20
AR 4634
DI 10.1029/2001JD001253
PG 42
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 736XL
UT WOS:000186198500001
ER
PT J
AU Valle-Levinson, A
Bosley, KT
AF Valle-Levinson, A
Bosley, KT
TI Reversing circulation patterns in a tropical estuary
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE reversing estuarine circulation; Gulf of Fonseca; tropical estuary;
Coriolis effects
ID DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION; FLOW
AB [1] A combination of current velocity and water density measurements was used to characterize the basic patterns of water exchange in the Gulf of Fonseca, a tropical estuary on the Pacific Ocean side of Central America. The measurements were obtained during spring and neap tides in March ( dry season) and June ( wet season) of 2001 and consisted of profiles of current velocity and density along four transects. From mid-March to mid-April a time series of hourly surface current velocity maps was also obtained with a high-frequency radar system of two antennas. The sampling transects and the radar coverage concentrated in the portion of the estuary that has open communication with the ocean. During the dry season, water exchange at the entrance to the gulf suggested an inverse estuarine circulation that was more robust, and its dynamics were closer to geostrophy during neap than during spring tides. It is likely that salinity increased toward the tributaries of the system and then decreased within those tributaries because of the persistent influence of fresh water. In contrast, during the wet season, salinity decreased into the estuary, and the circulation resembled that of a typical estuary. In this season the fortnightly modulation of exchange flows was masked by wind effects, which also played a relevant role in the dynamics. The net volume inflows measured in both seasons suggested that the residence time of the Gulf of Fonseca varies from 2 weeks to 1 month.
C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA.
RP Valle-Levinson, A (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 21
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C10
AR 3331
DI 10.1029/2003JC001786
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 736XV
UT WOS:000186199300004
ER
PT J
AU Babushok, VI
DeLucia, FC
Dagdigian, PJ
Nusca, MJ
Miziolek, AW
AF Babushok, VI
DeLucia, FC
Dagdigian, PJ
Nusca, MJ
Miziolek, AW
TI Kinetic modeling of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy plume from
metallic lead
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
(LIBS)
CY 2002
CL ORLANDO, FL
ID PLASMA EXPANSION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AIR; NITROGEN; IONIZATION;
COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; ABLATION; ATOMS; FIELD
AB We report initial results of a study aimed toward developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) plume for the purpose of understanding the physical and chemical factors that control the LIBS signature. The kinetic model developed for modeling studies of the LIBS plume from metallic lead includes a set of air reactions and ion chemistry as well as the oxidization, excitation, and ionization of lead atoms. At total of 38 chemical species and 220 reactions are included in the model. Experimental measurements of the spatial and temporal dependence of a number of lead emission lines have been made of the LIBS plume from metallic lead. The mechanism of generation of excited Pb states in the LIBS plume is analyzed through kinetic modeling and sensitivity analysis. Initial CFD model results for the LIBS plume are presented. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pjdagdigian@jhu.edu
RI De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012
NR 50
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 8
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 20
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 30
BP 5947
EP 5962
DI 10.1364/AO.42.005947
PG 16
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 733KV
UT WOS:000186000200003
PM 14594051
ER
PT J
AU Antuna, JC
Robock, A
Stenchikov, G
Zhou, J
David, C
Barnes, J
Thomason, L
AF Antuna, JC
Robock, A
Stenchikov, G
Zhou, J
David, C
Barnes, J
Thomason, L
TI Spatial and temporal variability of the stratospheric aerosol cloud
produced by the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE volcano; lidar; satellite
ID SAGE-II; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;
VOLCANIC AEROSOL; MT-PINATUBO; VALIDATION; BACKSCATTER; SATELLITE;
PROFILES
AB [1] As a critical quality control step toward producing a stratospheric data assimilation system for volcanic aerosols, we conducted a comparison between Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment ( SAGE) II aerosol extinction profiles and aerosol backscatter measured by five lidars, both in the tropics and midlatitudes, for the two-year period following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The period we studied is the most challenging for the SAGE II retrieval because the aerosol cloud caused so much extinction of the solar signal that in the tropics few retrievals were possible in the core of the cloud. We compared extinction at two wavelengths at the same time that we tested two sets of conversions coefficients. We used both Thomason and Jager's extinction-to-backscatter conversion coefficients for converting lidar backscatter profiles at 0.532 mum or 0.694 mum wavelengths to the SAGE II extinction wavelengths of 0.525 mum and 1.020 mum or the nearby ones of 0.532 mum and 1.064 mum respectively. The lidars were located at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5 degreesN, 155.6 degreesW), Camaguey, Cuba (21.4degreesN, 77.9degreesW), Hefei, China (31.9 degreesN, 117.2 degreesW), Hampton Virginia (37.1 degreesN, 76.3 degreesW), and Haute Provence, France (43.9 degreesN, 5.7 degreesW). For the six months following the eruption the aerosol cloud was much more heterogeneous than later. Using two alternative approaches, we evaluated the aerosol extinction variability of the tropical core of the Pinatubo stratospheric aerosol cloud at the timescale of 1 - 2 days, and found it was quite large. Aerosol variability played the major role in producing the observed differences between SAGE II and the lidars. There was in general a good agreement between SAGE II extinction measurements and lidar derived extinction, and we conclude that all five lidar sets we compared can be used in a future data assimilation of stratospheric aerosols. This is the most comprehensive comparison yet of lidar data with satellite data for the Pinatubo period.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Acad Sinica, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China.
Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Observ Haute Provence, CNRS,Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI 96721 USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Antuna, JC (reprint author), Inst Meteorol, Estac Lidar Camaguey, Camaguey 70100, Cuba.
EM anadelia@caonao.cmw.inf.cu; robock@envsci.rutgers.edu;
gera@envsci.rutgers.edu; jzhou@aiofm.ac.cn;
christine.david@aero.jussieu.fr; john.e.barnes@noaa.gov;
l.w.thomason@nasa.gov
RI Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016
NR 32
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 17
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D20
AR 4624
DI 10.1029/2003JD003722
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734ZQ
UT WOS:000186088200008
ER
PT J
AU Zuidema, P
Davies, R
Moroney, C
AF Zuidema, P
Davies, R
Moroney, C
TI On the angular radiance closure of tropical cumulus congestus clouds
observed by the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE 3-D radiative transfer; cumulus congestus; MISR
ID INDEPENDENT PIXEL APPROXIMATION; SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER;
BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE DATA; ZENITH ANGLE;
REFLECTANCE; GEOMETRY; CONVECTION; DEPENDENCE
AB [1] Monte Carlo reflectance simulations of three tropical cumulus congestus clouds reconstructed from Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data are compared to the domain-averaged MISR reflectance measurements. The goal of the comparison is to evaluate the nadir-view pixel cloud optical depth retrievals derived using plane-parallel radiative transfer theory, and the assumptions for vertically distributing the optical depth. Cloud heights are operationally retrieved using a stereo-imaging algorithm. The cloud heights and optical depths are at a 275 m spatial resolution, and for most simulations a vertical resolution of 250 m is applied. Five different but common three-dimensional cloud representations are assessed, using ( 1) a column vertical- mean volume extinction coefficient (b) value ( the reference case), ( 2) a volume extinction coefficient proportional to the two-thirds power of height ( the adiabatic assumption), ( 3) the adiabatic assumption at a 25 m vertical resolution, ( 4) a vertical- mean b retrieved from reflectances averaged over a (2.2 km)(2) area, and (5) a vertical-mean beta retrieved using off-nadir reflectances. An asymmetry about nadir in the observed reflectance means and skewnesses is not reproduced by any Monte Carlo simulation. The lack of symmetry can be related to differing proportions of unobscured sunlit and shadowed cloudy areas within the different views, even for these cases with viewing angles close to the perpendicular plane. The Monte Carlo simulations do not appear to capture the observed fraction of unobscured sunlit and shadowed cloudy areas, suggesting that radiatively significant cloud variability is occurring at scales smaller than the height field resolution of +/- 550 m. Results from the Monte Carlo simulation done at a higher vertical resolution are consistent with this. The cases examined also contain a nadir maximum in the observed reflectance skewnesses and a relative maximum for the observed nadir reflectances, attributed to the solar illumination of some optically thick cloud surfaces and to specular reflection pervading through the optically thin cloudy regions. This contrasts with previous modeling results that assume a Lambertian surface.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zuidema, P (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paquita.zuidema@noaa.gov
RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013
OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X
NR 50
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 17
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D20
AR 4626
DI 10.1029/2003JD003401
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734ZQ
UT WOS:000186088200003
ER
PT J
AU Park, SR
Choi, SM
Dender, DC
Lynn, JW
Ling, XS
AF Park, SR
Choi, SM
Dender, DC
Lynn, JW
Ling, XS
TI Fate of the peak effect in a type-II superconductor: Multicriticality in
the Bragg-glass transition
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; RATIO HC3/HC2; LATTICE; PHASE; TEMPERATURE; DEFECTS;
POINTS; ORDER; TC; NB
AB We have used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ac magnetic susceptibility to investigate the global magnetic field H vs temperature T phase diagram of a Nb single crystal in which a first-order transition of Bragg-glass melting (disordering), a peak effect, and surface superconductivity are all observable. It was found that the disappearance of the peak effect is directly related to a multicritical behavior in the Bragg-glass transition. Four characteristic phase boundary lines have been identified on the H-T plane: a first-order line at high fields, a mean-field-like continuous transition line at low fields, and two continuous transition lines associated with the onset of surface and bulk superconductivity. All four lines are found to meet at a multicritical point.
C1 Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ling, XS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RI Ling, Xinsheng/A-9219-2008
NR 28
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 17
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 16
AR 167003
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.167003
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 734QP
UT WOS:000186068300045
PM 14611430
ER
PT J
AU Bradley, RS
Hughes, MK
Diaz, HF
AF Bradley, RS
Hughes, MK
Diaz, HF
TI Climate in Medieval time
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ICE CORE; VOLCANISM; RECORD
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Off Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Bradley, RS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RI Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014
OI Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167
NR 13
TC 211
Z9 225
U1 7
U2 39
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 17
PY 2003
VL 302
IS 5644
BP 404
EP 405
DI 10.1126/science.1090372
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 732UD
UT WOS:000185963200029
PM 14563996
ER
PT J
AU Oey, LY
Lee, HC
Schmitz, WJ
AF Oey, LY
Lee, HC
Schmitz, WJ
TI Effects of winds and Caribbean eddies on the frequency of Loop Current
eddy shedding: A numerical model study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Current; Loop Current; eddy shedding; winds
and eddies; numerical ocean model
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; YUCATAN CHANNEL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN;
CURRENT RETROFLECTION; CYCLONIC EDDIES; EASTERN GULF; STREAM MODEL;
WESTERN GULF; CIRCULATION
AB [1] The Loop Current (LC) is known to shed eddies at irregular intervals from 3 to 17 months. The causes of this irregularity have not, however, been adequately identified previously. We examine the effects of various types of external forcing on shedding with a model of the western North Atlantic Ocean (96degrees- 55degreesW, 6degrees- 50 degreesN). We force the model with steady transport at 55 degreesW, with winds, and include eddies in the Caribbean Sea. We examine their separate effects. With steady transport only, the model sheds rings at a dominant period of 9 - 10 months. Wind-induced transport fluctuations through the Greater Antilles Passages cause shedding at shorter intervals (approximate to3 - 7 months). Caribbean eddies ( anticyclones) cause shedding at longer periods ( approximate to 14 - 16 months). Potential vorticity conservation indicates that Caribbean eddies tend to deter northward extension of the LC into the Gulf, which can lead to longer periods between eddy shedding. Fluctuating inflow at the Yucatan Channel that is associated with winds and/or Caribbean eddies can cause an LC eddy to temporarily ( similar to 1 month) detach from and then reattach back to the LC, a phenomenon often observed. Model results also suggest that southwest of Hispaniola, warm eddies are spun up by the local wind stress curl. This type of eddy drifts southwestward, then westward after merging with the Caribbean Current, and then northward as it progresses toward the Yucatan Channel; these eddies significantly affect the shedding behavior of warm-core rings. The timescale for spin up and drift from Hispaniola is about 100 days. Satellite data indicate the existence of these eddies in the real ocean.
C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Conrad Blucher Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,Forestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 69
TC 58
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 16
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C10
AR 3324
DI 10.1029/2002JC001698
PG 25
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 734ZY
UT WOS:000186088900002
ER
PT J
AU Pickett, MH
Paduan, JD
AF Pickett, MH
Paduan, JD
TI Ekman transport and pumping in the California Current based on the U.S.
Navy's high-resolution atmospheric model (COAMPS)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE upwelling; California Current; wind-stress curl; Ekman pumping; COAMPS
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE WIND STRESS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLOW; COAST;
OREGON; SIMULATIONS; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; SYSTEM
AB [1] Upwelling in the California Current system due to Ekman transport and pumping was estimated using a high-resolution ( 9-km grid) atmospheric model reanalysis. Model winds, verified with satellite-measured winds at 13 locations, had weekly averaged wind components within 1.7 m s(-1) RMS, and wind gradients within 1.6 m s(-1) per 100 km RMS. Model wind hind-casts from May 1999 to September 2000 revealed narrow bands ( about 10 by 50 km) of strong wind stress and wind stress curl parallel to the coast and adjacent to major coastal promontories. These bands, which are sub-grid scale in operational models, were capable of generating local upwelling greater than 10 m d(-1) and downwelling greater than 5 m d(-1). Peak summer estimates for the California Current system indicate vertical transport due to Ekman pumping was roughly 1.0 x 10(-6) m(3) s(-1), and Ekman transport from alongshore wind stress was about 0.5 x 10(-6) m(3) s(-1). These estimates suggest that Ekman pumping from wind stress curl is as important as Ekman transport from alongshore winds in the California Current system.
C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
RP Pickett, MH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
NR 40
TC 90
Z9 90
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 16
PY 2003
VL 108
IS C10
AR 3327
DI 10.1029/2003JC001902
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 734ZY
UT WOS:000186088900005
ER
PT J
AU Ervin, KM
Anusiewicz, W
Skurski, P
Simons, J
Lineberger, WC
AF Ervin, KM
Anusiewicz, W
Skurski, P
Simons, J
Lineberger, WC
TI The only stable state of O-2(-) is the X (2)Pi(g) ground state and it
(still!) has an adiabatic electron detachment energy of 0.45 eV
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETRY; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS;
ALKALI-HALIDE CRYSTALS; NEGATIVE-IONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS;
STABILIZATION GRAPHS; COLLISION PROCESSES
AB The ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum Of O-2(-) exhibits 29 resolved vibronic transitions to the three low-lying electronic states of neutral O-2 (X 3Sigma(g)(-), a (1)Delta(g), b (1)Sigma(g)(+)) from the X (2)Pi(j) (J = 3/2 and 1/2) spin-orbit states of the anion. A Franck-Condon simulation, using the established molecular constants of the neutral oxygen states, matches every observed feature in the spectrum. The 0-0 origin transition is unambiguously assigned, yielding the electron affinity EA(0)(O-2) = 0.448 +/- 0.006 eV. The derived bond dissociation energy is D-0(O-2(-)) = 395.9 +/- 0.6 kJ/mol. Coupled-cluster theory at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level is used to determine the potential energy curves Of O-2 and Of O-2(-) in its ground state and two excited states, in both the electronically bound and unbound regions. Stabilization methods are employed to characterize the anion curves at bond lengths where their electronic energies lie above that of the ground-state neutral. The calculations confirm that the O-2(-) X (2)Pi(g) ground state is adiabatically stable, but the lowest electronically excited states Of O-2(-) (a (4)Sigma(u)(-) and A (2)Pi(u)) are adiabatically unbound with respect to electron detachment. The calculations predict the anionic doublet-quartet splitting to be T-e(a (4)Sigma(u)(-)) - T-e (X (2)Pi(g)) = 2.40 eV and the first excited doublet at an energy of T-e(A (2)Pi(u)) - Te(X (2)Pi(g)) = 3.39 eV. at an energy of T-e(A (2)Pi(u)) - Te(X (2)Pi(g)) = 3.39 eV. These observations are consistent with electron scattering on O-2 and other experimental data, and they sharply refute recent interpretations of electron-capture detector experiments that EA(O-2) approximate to 1 eV, that O-2(-) has multiple excited states below the neutral ground-state minimum, and that the doublet-quartet splitting is 0.12 eV [Chen, E. S.; Chen, E. C. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 169.].
C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
RP Ervin, KM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
NR 100
TC 140
Z9 140
U1 5
U2 44
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 16
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 41
BP 8521
EP 8529
DI 10.1021/jp0357323
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 730YH
UT WOS:000185857400019
ER
PT J
AU Kukkonen, JVK
Landrum, PF
Mitra, S
Gossiaux, DC
Gunnarsson, J
Weston, D
AF Kukkonen, JVK
Landrum, PF
Mitra, S
Gossiaux, DC
Gunnarsson, J
Weston, D
TI Sediment characteristics affecting desorption kinetics of select PAH and
PCB congeners for seven laboratory spiked sediments
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; ORGANIC
XENOBIOTICS; CONTACT TIME; BIOAVAILABILITY; AMPHIPOD; SORPTION; CARBON;
SOILS; TOXICOKINETICS
AB Measures of desorption are currently considered important as potential surrogates for bioaccumulation as measures of the bioavailability of sediment-sorbed contaminants, This study determined desorption rates of four laboratory spiked compounds, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP), 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), and pyrene (PY), to evaluate the effect of sediment characteristics. The compounds were sorbed onto seven sediments with a broad range of characteristics. Desorption was measured by Tenax-TA extraction from aqueous sediment suspensions. Desorption rates were modeled using an empirical three compartment model describing operationally defined rapid, slow, and very slow compartments. The sediments were characterized for plant pigments, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), lipids, NaOH extractable residue, lignin, amino acids, soot carbon, and particle size fractions. Desorption from the rapid compartment for, each of the planar compounds BaP, PY, and TCBP was significantly correlated to sediment characteristics that could be considered to represent younger (i.e., less diagenetically altered) organic matter, e.g., plant pigment, lipid, and lignin contents. However, for these compounds there were no significant correlations between desorption and OC, TN, soot carbon, or amino acid contents. HCBP desorption was different from the three planar molecules. For HCBP, the flux from the rapid compartment was negatively correlated (0.1 > p > 0.05) with the OC content of the sediment. Overall, HCBP desorption was dominated by the amount of OC and the particle size distribution of the sediments, while desorption of the planar compounds was dominated more by the compositional aspects of the organic matter.
C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY USA.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
NR 29
TC 63
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT 15
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 20
BP 4656
EP 4663
DI 10.1021/es0342594
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735UM
UT WOS:000186133000019
PM 14594375
ER
PT J
AU Lin-Gibson, S
Schmidt, G
Kim, H
Han, CC
Hobbie, EK
AF Lin-Gibson, S
Schmidt, G
Kim, H
Han, CC
Hobbie, EK
TI Shear-induced mesostructure in nanoplatelet-polymer networks
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITION; FLUIDS;
FLOW; MICROSCOPY; DISPERSION; BLENDS; LIGHT; CELL
AB The shear response of a model polymer-clay gel is measured using small-angle neutron and light scattering, optical microscopy, and rheometry. As the flow disrupts the transient network that forms between clay and polymer, coupling between composition and stress leads to the formation of a macroscopic domain pattern, while the clay platelets orient with their surface normal parallel to the direction of vorticity. We discuss similarities with shear-induced structural transitions observed in other complex fluids, and we offer a physical explanation for the orientation of the clay platelets. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov
RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013
NR 22
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 15
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 15
BP 8080
EP 8083
DI 10.1063/1.1609972
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 728EK
UT WOS:000185703100052
ER
PT J
AU Levine, ZH
Burnett, JH
Shirley, EL
AF Levine, ZH
Burnett, JH
Shirley, EL
TI Photoelastic and elastic properties of the fluorite structure materials,
LiF, and Si
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NORM-CONSERVING PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ABSOLUTE REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; INTERNAL
STRAIN PARAMETER; DEFORMATION POTENTIALS; THERMAL COEFFICIENTS;
DIELECTRIC-RESPONSE; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE;
ALKALI-HALIDES; FUSED-SILICA
AB We present computational results of the photoelastic and elastic properties of CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, CaxSr1-xF2, x=0.25,0.50,0.75, LiF, and Si. We also present measurements of the photoelastic properties in the visible through the ultraviolet of CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2. At least semiquantitative agreement is obtained with most experimental results for all properties, including the low-frequency behavior and dispersion of the photoelastic tensor components.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 65
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 15
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 15
AR 155120
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.155120
PG 12
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VQ
UT WOS:000186422600049
ER
PT J
AU Akerib, DS
Alvaro-Dean, J
Armel, MS
Attisha, MJ
Baudis, L
Bauer, DA
Bolozdynya, AI
Brink, PL
Bunker, R
Cabrera, B
Caldwell, DO
Castle, JP
Chang, CL
Clarke, RM
Crisler, MB
Cushman, P
Davies, AK
Dixon, R
Driscoll, DD
Duong, L
Emes, J
Ferril, R
Gaitskell, RJ
Golwala, SR
Haldeman, M
Hellmig, J
Hennessey, M
Holmgren, D
Huber, ME
Kamat, S
Kurylowicz, M
Lu, A
Mahapatra, R
Mandic, V
Martinis, JM
Meunier, P
Mirabolfathi, N
Nam, SW
Nelson, H
Nelson, R
Ogburn, RW
Perales, J
Perera, TA
Isaac, MCI
Rau, W
Reisetter, A
Ross, RR
Saab, T
Sadoulet, B
Sander, J
Savage, C
Schnee, RW
Seitz, DN
Shutt, TA
Smith, G
Spadafora, AL
Thompson, JPF
Tomada, A
Wang, G
Yellin, S
Young, BA
AF Akerib, DS
Alvaro-Dean, J
Armel, MS
Attisha, MJ
Baudis, L
Bauer, DA
Bolozdynya, AI
Brink, PL
Bunker, R
Cabrera, B
Caldwell, DO
Castle, JP
Chang, CL
Clarke, RM
Crisler, MB
Cushman, P
Davies, AK
Dixon, R
Driscoll, DD
Duong, L
Emes, J
Ferril, R
Gaitskell, RJ
Golwala, SR
Haldeman, M
Hellmig, J
Hennessey, M
Holmgren, D
Huber, ME
Kamat, S
Kurylowicz, M
Lu, A
Mahapatra, R
Mandic, V
Martinis, JM
Meunier, P
Mirabolfathi, N
Nam, SW
Nelson, H
Nelson, R
Ogburn, RW
Perales, J
Perera, TA
Isaac, MCI
Rau, W
Reisetter, A
Ross, RR
Saab, T
Sadoulet, B
Sander, J
Savage, C
Schnee, RW
Seitz, DN
Shutt, TA
Smith, G
Spadafora, AL
Thompson, JPF
Tomada, A
Wang, G
Yellin, S
Young, BA
CA CDMS Collaboration
TI New results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID WIMP SEARCH; LIMITS; SITE
AB Using improved Ge and Si detectors, better neutron shielding, and increased counting time, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment has obtained stricter limits on the cross section of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) elastically scattering from nuclei. Increased discrimination against electromagnetic backgrounds and reduction of the neutron flux confirm WIMP-candidate events previously detected by CDMS were consistent with neutrons and give limits on spin-independent WIMP interactions which are >2x lower than previous CDMS results for high WIMP mass, and which exclude new parameter space for WIMPs with mass between 8 and 20 GeV/c(2).
C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
RP Akerib, DS (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011
NR 19
TC 102
Z9 102
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0556-2821
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD OCT 15
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 8
AR 082002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.082002
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA 740VT
UT WOS:000186422800002
ER
PT J
AU de Reus, M
Fischer, H
Arnold, F
de Gouw, J
Holzinger, R
Warneke, C
Williams, J
AF de Reus, M
Fischer, H
Arnold, F
de Gouw, J
Holzinger, R
Warneke, C
Williams, J
TI On the relationship between acetone and carbon monoxide in different air
masses
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE;
INDIAN-OCEAN; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; HYDROGEN RADICALS;
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MINOS CAMPAIGN; NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB Carbon monoxide and acetone measurements are presented for five aircraft measurement campaigns at mid-latitudes, polar and tropical regions in the northern hemisphere. Throughout all campaigns, free tropospheric air masses, which were influenced by anthropogenic emissions, showed a similar linear relation between acetone and CO, with a slope of 21-25 ppt(v) acetone/ppb(v) CO. Measurements in the anthropogenically influenced marine boundary layer revealed a slope of 13-16 ppt(v) acetone/ppb(v) CO. The different slopes observed in the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere indicate that acetone is emitted by the ocean in relatively clean air masses and taken up by the ocean in polluted air masses. In the lowermost stratosphere, a good correlation between acetone and CO was observed as well, however, with a much smaller slope (similar to5 ppt(v) acetone/ppb(v) CO) compared to the troposphere. This is caused by the longer photochemical lifetime of CO compared to acetone in the lower stratosphere, due to the increasing photolytic loss of acetone and the decreasing OH concentration with altitude. No significant correlation between acetone and CO was observed over the tropical rain forest due to the large direct and indirect biogenic emissions of acetone.
The common slopes of the linear acetone-CO relation in various layers of the atmosphere, during five field experiments, makes them useful for model calculations. Often a single observation of the acetone-CO correlation, determined from stratospheric measurements, has been used in box model applications. This study shows that different slopes have to be considered for marine boundary layer, free tropospheric and stratospheric air masses, and that the acetone-CO relation cannot be used for air masses which are strongly influenced by biogenic emissions.
C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Airchem Dept, Mainz, Germany.
NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, Atmospher Phys Div, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP de Reus, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Airchem Dept, Mainz, Germany.
EM reus@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
RI Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826
NR 44
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 14
PY 2003
VL 3
BP 1709
EP 1723
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 733EC
UT WOS:000185986100001
ER
PT J
AU Martinez, M
Harder, H
Kovacs, TA
Simpas, JB
Bassis, J
Lesher, R
Brune, WH
Frost, GJ
Williams, EJ
Stroud, CA
Jobson, BT
Roberts, JM
Hall, SR
Shetter, RE
Wert, B
Fried, A
Alicke, B
Stutz, J
Young, VL
White, AB
Zamora, RJ
AF Martinez, M
Harder, H
Kovacs, TA
Simpas, JB
Bassis, J
Lesher, R
Brune, WH
Frost, GJ
Williams, EJ
Stroud, CA
Jobson, BT
Roberts, JM
Hall, SR
Shetter, RE
Wert, B
Fried, A
Alicke, B
Stutz, J
Young, VL
White, AB
Zamora, RJ
TI OH and HO2 concentrations, sources, and loss rates during the Southern
Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee, summer 1999
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE radical chemistry; troposphere; urban pollution
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OZONE PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; PEROXY-RADICALS; OKI
ISLAND; MECHANISM; PHOTOLYSIS; BERLIOZ
AB [1] OH and HO2 mixing ratios and total OH reactivity were measured together with photolysis frequencies, NOx, O-3, many VOCs, and other trace gases during the midsummer 1999 SOS campaign in Nashville, Tennessee. These measurements provided an excellent opportunity to study OH and HO2 (collectively called HOx), and their sources and sinks in a polluted metropolitan environment. HOx generally showed the expected diurnal evolution, with maxima around noon of up to about 0.8 pptv of OH and 80 pptv of HO2 during sunny days. Overall, daytime observed OH and HO2 were a factor of 1.33 and 1.56 times modeled values, within the combined 2sigma instrument and model uncertainties. The chain length of HOx, which is determined from the ratio of the measured total OH reactivity that cycles OH to the total HOx loss, was on average 3 - 8 during daytime and up to 3 during nighttime, in general agreement with expectations. However, differences occurred between observed HOx behavior and expectations from theory and models. First, HO2 was greater than expected during daytime when NO mixing ratios were high; ozone production did not decrease as expected when NO was greater than 2 ppbv. Ozone production determined by the imbalance of the NOx photostationary state, which was almost twice that from HO2, also shows this dependence on NO. Second, the calculated OH production rate, which should equal the measured OH loss rate because OH is in steady state, is instead less than the measured OH loss rate by (1 - 2) x 10(7) molecules cm(-3) s(-1), with low statistical significance during the day and high statistical significance at night. Third, surprisingly high OH and HO2 mixing ratios were often observed during nighttime. The nighttime OH mixing ratio and the HO2/OH ratio cannot be explained by known reaction mechanisms, even those involving O-3 and alkenes. Because instrument tests have failed to reveal any instrument artifacts, more exotic chemicals or chemistry, such as OH adducts or other radicals that fall apart into OH inside the instrument, are suspected.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Ohio Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Martinez, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
EM martinez@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; White,
Allen/A-7946-2009; Bassis, Jeremy/J-1706-2012; Frost,
Gregory/I-1958-2013; Harder, Hartwig/L-2511-2014; Stutz,
Jochen/K-7159-2014
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Bassis, Jeremy/0000-0003-2946-7176;
Harder, Hartwig/0000-0002-6868-714X;
NR 50
TC 89
Z9 92
U1 4
U2 34
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 14
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D19
AR 4617
DI 10.1029/2003JD003551
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734ZE
UT WOS:000186087200002
ER
PT J
AU Pathak, JA
Migler, KB
AF Pathak, JA
Migler, KB
TI Droplet-string deformation and stability during microconfined shear flow
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; LIQUID-DROPS; CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS;
NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PARTICLE MOTIONS; VISCOUS DROPS; PLANE WALL;
BREAKUP; FLUID; SUSPENSIONS
AB We have performed experiments on model emulsions of polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to quantify the effect of confinement on deformation and stability under flow of droplets and strings (threads). It is known from earlier work from our group that, under confinement, droplets in concentrated emulsions can coalesce with each other and elongate in the flow direction to form stable strings. In the present context, strings can be simply viewed as droplets having a large aspect ratio whereas, in the bulk case, there are two known states of a droplet (stable and unstable), as determined by the droplet Capillary number (Ca). We find that confinement effects induce three additional states: squashed drops, stable strings, and unstable strings. For strings, deformation under confinement is a very strong function of Ca: the aspect ratio of a string scales nearly as Ca-3. This scaling relationship is unique to confinement, and it sets strings apart from transiently stretched droplets in the bulk. Confinement not only promotes deformation but also allows larger stable droplets to exist under flow than what is predicted by the critical Ca. Strings are stabilized by a combination of the shear flow field and wall effects arising from confinement.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pathak, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 54
TC 40
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD OCT 14
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 21
BP 8667
EP 8674
DI 10.1021/la0346907
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 730LG
UT WOS:000185831800011
ER
PT J
AU Springer, AM
Estes, JA
van Vliet, GB
Williams, TM
Doak, DF
Danner, EM
Forney, KA
Pfister, B
AF Springer, AM
Estes, JA
van Vliet, GB
Williams, TM
Doak, DF
Danner, EM
Forney, KA
Pfister, B
TI Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing
legacy of industrial whaling?
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; BALEEN WHALES MIGRATE; KILLER WHALES;
ORCINUS-ORCA; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MARINE MAMMALS;
SPERM WHALES; HARBOR SEALS; GRAY WHALE
AB Populations of seals, sea lions, and sea otters have sequentially collapsed over large areas of the northern North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea during the last several decades. A bottom-up nutritional limitation mechanism induced by physical oceanographic change or competition with fisheries was long thought to be largely responsible for these declines. The current weight of evidence is more consistent with top-down forcing. Increased predation by killer whales probably drove the sea otter collapse and may have been responsible for the earlier pinniped declines as well. We propose that decimation of the great whales by post-World War II industrial whaling caused the great whales' foremost natural predators, killer whales, to begin feeding more intensively on the smaller marine mammals, thus "fishing-down" this element of the marine food web. The timing of these events, information on the abundance, diet, and foraging behavior of both predators and prey, and feasibility analyses based on demographic and energetic modeling are all consistent with this hypothesis.
C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
US Geol Survey, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Springer, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ams@ims.uaf.edu
NR 63
TC 287
Z9 295
U1 18
U2 147
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD OCT 14
PY 2003
VL 100
IS 21
BP 12223
EP 12228
DI 10.1073/pnas.1635156100
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 733WU
UT WOS:000186024300054
PM 14526101
ER
PT J
AU Dag, S
Gulseren, O
Ciraci, S
Yildirim, T
AF Dag, S
Gulseren, O
Ciraci, S
Yildirim, T
TI Electronic structure of the contact between carbon nanotube and metal
electrodes
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOGIC-CIRCUITS; TRANSISTORS
AB Our first-principles study of the contact between a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWNT) and metal electrodes shows that the electronic structure and potential depend strongly on the type of metal. The s-SWNT is weakly side-bonded to the gold surface with minute charge rearrangement and remains semiconducting. A finite potential barrier forms at the contact region. In contrast, the molybdenum surface forms strong bonds, resulting in significant charge transfer and metallicity at the contact. The radial deformation of the tube lowers the potential barrier at the contact and increases the state density at the Fermi level. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dag, S (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
EM ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
NR 19
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 13
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 15
BP 3180
EP 3182
DI 10.1063/1.1616662
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 730LN
UT WOS:000185832400064
ER
PT J
AU Hu, ZZ
Yang, S
Wu, RG
AF Hu, ZZ
Yang, S
Wu, RG
TI Long-term climate variations in China and global warming signals
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE global warming signals; Chinese climate; CMIP2 simulation
ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC SSTS;
500 HPA HEIGHT; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; CMIP2
EXPERIMENTS; EAST-ASIA; MODEL; OSCILLATION
AB [1] In this work, the authors analyze the observed long-term variations of seasonal climate in China and then investigate the possible influence of increases in greenhouse gas concentrations on these variations by comparing the observations with the simulations of the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2). The long-term variations of precipitation and temperature in China are highly seasonally dependent. The main characteristic of summer precipitation in China is a drying trend in the north and a wetting trend in the central part. The precipitation in winter shows an increasing trend in southern and eastern-central China. Interesting features have also been found in the transitional seasons. In spring, precipitation variations are almost opposite to those in summer. In autumn the precipitation decreases in almost the whole country except for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley. In addition, the seasonality of precipitation has become slightly weaker in recent decades in southern and eastern China. Pronounced warming is observed in the entire country in winter, spring, and autumn, particularly in the northern part of China. In summer a cooling trend in central China is particularly interesting, and cooling ( warming) trends generally coexist with wetting ( drying) trends. The correlativity between precipitation and temperature variations is weak in spring, autumn, and winter. It has also been found that the long-term climate variations in winter and summer in China may be connected to the warming trend in the sea surface temperature of the Indian Ocean. A comparison between the observed seasonal climate variations and the CMIP2 simulations of 16 models indicates that the observed long-term variations of winter, spring, and autumn temperature in China may be associated with increases in greenhouse gas concentrations. However, such a connection is not found for the summer temperature. The tremendous uncertainties among the models in precipitation simulations make it difficult to link the precipitation variations to global warming.
C1 Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM hu@cola.iges.org; song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
NR 40
TC 184
Z9 207
U1 2
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 11
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D19
AR 4614
DI 10.1029/2003JD003651
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 732EZ
UT WOS:000185929000003
ER
PT J
AU Xu, Q
AF Xu, Q
TI Nearly symmetric and nearly baroclinic instabilities in the presence of
diffusivity. Part 1. Growth rate patterns
SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; STABILITY;
CIRCULATIONS; TURBULENCE
AB Computations are performed to examine the instabilities of baroclinically sheared Eady basic flows with respect to banded normal-mode perturbations in three-dimensional space in the presence of eddy diffusivity with two (free-slip and nonslip) types of boundary conditions. The non-dimensional model system contains four external parameters: the Richardson number, the Ekman number, the Prandtl number and the ratio between inertial and buoyancy frequencies. The solutions are controlled mainly by the first three parameters. Growth rate patterns are computed for unstable modes as functions of the horizontal wavelength, 1, and tilt angle a of the band orientation with respect to the basic shear (measured negative clockwise from the basic-shear direction). It is found that the main growth rate pattern (for non-propagating modes with respect to the middle-level basic flow) has only one maximum unless the Ekman number is sufficiently small. The growth rate pattern obtained with the free-slip boundary conditions has a slightly larger global maximum and is more symmetric with respect to the symmetric axis in the (1, a) space than that obtained with the non-slip boundary conditions. When the Richardson number is increased from 0.25 to 1.0, the maximum growth rate decreases and the associated instability changes gradually from a nearly symmetric type to a nearly baroclinic type as manifested by the continuous increase of l (from mesoscale to synoptic scale) and continuous change of a (from nearly zero to nearly -90degrees). When the Ekman number is sufficiently small, the main growth rate pattern can have two local maxima if the Richardson number is within a subrange 0.8 < Ri < 1.0. One of the local maxima is near the symmetric axis and the other is near the baroclinic axis in the wavenumber space. When the Richardson number increases through a transitional value in the subrange, the global maximum growth rate decreases continuously but the maximum point jumps from one local maximum to the other and the associated instability switches from a nearly symmetric type to a nearly Eady baroclinic type. The subrange depends on the smallness of the Ekman number and it diminishes as the Ekman number increases to 0.0025 (for the non-slip case). The computed growth rates and (1, et) are compared with the nearly inviscid results of Miller & Antar and the inviscid results of Stone.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA
SN 0022-1120
J9 J FLUID MECH
JI J. Fluid Mech.
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 492
BP 181
EP 205
DI 10.1017/S002211200300555X
PG 25
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 735EM
UT WOS:000186099500009
ER
PT J
AU Wilder, EA
Spontak, RJ
Hall, CK
AF Wilder, EA
Spontak, RJ
Hall, CK
TI The molecular structure and intermolecular interactions of 1,3 :
2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL; PHYSICAL GELS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES;
ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PROTEINS; 1,3/2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL;
1,3-2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL; NETWORKS; GELATION; SYSTEM
AB The 1,3(R):2,4(S)-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) molecule is a low molar mass organic gelator (LMOG) that is capable of hydrogen-bonding with itself. As a consequence, DBS molecules self-organize into nanofibrillar networks at relatively low concentrations in a wide variety of organic solvents and polymers. In this work, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to elucidate the equilibrium structure of DBS and the molecular interactions that govern DBS self-assembly. Molecular mechanics calculations performed on single DBS molecules with Cerius(2) and InsightII software reveal that the phenyl rings tend to adopt an equatorial position and that the pendant hydroxyl group prefers to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with an acetal oxygen, in contrast to the terminal hydroxyl group. Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics on DBS dimers reveal that they are capable of forming hydrogen bonds and participating in pi interactions, suggesting that the mechanism of nanofibrillar network formation may be complex, involving more than one type of physical interaction.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Wilder, EA (reprint author), NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0026-8976
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 101
IS 19
BP 3017
EP 3027
DI 10.1080/0268970310001597327
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 744AH
UT WOS:000186605400009
ER
PT J
AU Dewey, MS
Gilliam, DM
Nico, JS
Wietfeldt, FE
Fei, X
Snow, WM
Greene, GL
Pauwels, J
Eykens, R
Lamberty, A
Van Gestel, J
AF Dewey, MS
Gilliam, DM
Nico, JS
Wietfeldt, FE
Fei, X
Snow, WM
Greene, GL
Pauwels, J
Eykens, R
Lamberty, A
Van Gestel, J
TI Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a proton trap
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; STORING
ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS; B-10; DECAY
AB We report a new measurement of the neutron decay lifetime by the absolute counting of in-beam neutrons and their decay protons. Protons were confined in a quasi-Penning trap and counted with a silicon detector. The neutron beam fluence was measured by capture in a thin (LiF)-Li-6 foil detector with known absolute efficiency. The combination of these simultaneous measurements gives the neutron lifetime: tau(n)=(886.8+/-1.2[stat]+/-3.2[syst]) s. The systematic uncertainty is dominated by uncertainties in the mass of the (LiF)-Li-6 deposit and the Li-6(n,t) cross section. This is the most precise measurement of the neutron lifetime to date using an in-beam method.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
RP Dewey, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 31
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 15
AR 152302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.152302
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 731AN
UT WOS:000185862500012
PM 14611461
ER
PT J
AU McGuirk, JM
Harber, DM
Lewandowski, HJ
Cornell, EA
AF McGuirk, JM
Harber, DM
Lewandowski, HJ
Cornell, EA
TI Normal-superfluid interaction dynamics in a spinor Bose gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS;
ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; POLARIZED GAS; WAVES; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS;
OSCILLATIONS; DEPENDENCE
AB Coherent behavior of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates is studied in the presence of a significant uncondensed (normal) component. Normal-superfluid exchange scattering leads to near-perfect local alignment between the spin fields of the two components. We observe that, through this spin locking, spin-domain formation in the condensate is vastly accelerated as the spin populations in the condensate are entrained by large-amplitude spin waves in the normal component.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McGuirk, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 33
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 15
AR 150402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.150402
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 731AN
UT WOS:000185862500003
PM 14611452
ER
PT J
AU Nieh, MP
Harroun, TA
Raghunathan, VA
Glinka, CJ
Katsaras, J
AF Nieh, MP
Harroun, TA
Raghunathan, VA
Glinka, CJ
Katsaras, J
TI Concentration-independent spontaneously forming biomimetric vesicles
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED SURFACTANT VESICLES; AQUEOUS MIXTURES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR;
CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; PHOSPHOLIPID MIXTURES; UNILAMELLAR
VESICLES; BENDING ELASTICITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIPID BILAYERS;
TRANSITION
AB In this Letter we present small-angle neutron scattering data from a biomimetic system composed of the phospholipids dimyristoyl and dihexanoyl phosphorylcholine (DMPC and DHPC, respectively). Doping DMPC-DHPC multilamellar vesicles with either the negatively charged lipid dimyristoyl phosphorylglycerol (DMPG, net charge -1) or the divalent cation, calcium (Ca2+), leads to the spontaneous formation of energetically stabilized monodisperse unilamellar vesicles whose radii are concentration independent and in contrast with previous experimental observations.
C1 CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nieh, MP (reprint author), CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
RI Raghunathan, V./E-5103-2012;
OI Harroun, Thad/0000-0001-9816-2590
NR 32
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 15
AR 158105
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.158105
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 731AN
UT WOS:000185862500055
PM 14611504
ER
PT J
AU Vinnikov, KY
Grody, NC
AF Vinnikov, KY
Grody, NC
TI Global warming trend of mean tropospheric temperature observed by
satellites
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL
HOMOGENIZATION; MSU
AB We have analyzed the global tropospheric temperature for 1978 to 2002 with the use of passive microwave sounding data from the NOAA series of polar orbiters and the Earth Observing System Aqua satellite. To accurately retrieve the climatic trend, we combined the satellite data with an analytic model of temperature that contains three different time scales: a linear trend and functions that de. ne the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Our analysis shows a trend of +0.22degrees to 0.26degreesC per 10 years, consistent with the global warming trend derived from surface meteorological stations.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Vinnikov, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010
NR 28
TC 96
Z9 106
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 10
PY 2003
VL 302
IS 5643
BP 269
EP 272
DI 10.1126/science.1087910
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 730HT
UT WOS:000185825900037
PM 12970572
ER
PT J
AU Feingold, G
AF Feingold, G
TI Modeling of the first indirect effect: Analysis of measurement
requirements
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD; SATELLITE; AEROSOL; ALBEDO
AB We investigate the extent to which aerosol extinction is a suitable proxy for the aerosol affecting drop formation. First we use multiple realizations of a cloud model to investigate the sensitivity of cloud drop effective radius r(e) to aerosol parameters (size distribution and composition) and dynamical parameters (updraft and liquid water content). In general, r(e) is most sensitive to cloud liquid water, a parameter often ignored in indirect effect analyses. The relative importance of the other parameters varies for different conditions but aerosol concentration N-a is consistently important. Updraft plays an increasingly important role under high aerosol loadings. A breakdown of the individual aerosol terms contributing to drop size change shows that use of aerosol extinction as a proxy for size distribution and composition tends to underestimate the magnitude of the first indirect effect. This may influence interpretation of current satellite and surface remote measurements of the indirect effect.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009
NR 10
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 9
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 19
AR 1997
DI 10.1029/2003GL017967
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 732DP
UT WOS:000185925800005
ER
PT J
AU Chung, SN
Lee, K
Feely, RA
Sabine, CL
Millero, FJ
Wanninkhof, R
Bullister, JL
Key, RM
Peng, TH
AF Chung, SN
Lee, K
Feely, RA
Sabine, CL
Millero, FJ
Wanninkhof, R
Bullister, JL
Key, RM
Peng, TH
TI Calcium carbonate budget in the Atlantic Ocean based on water column
inorganic carbon chemistry
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium carbonate budget; dissolution of calcium carbonate; alkalinity;
ocean carbon cycle; saturation state of seawater
ID EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP-SEA; ORGANIC-CARBON;
DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL LYSOCLINE;
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CACO3 DISSOLUTION; DIOXIDE SYSTEM
AB [1] Recent independent lines of evidence suggest that the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles is substantial in the upper ocean above the calcite 100% saturation horizon. This shallow-water dissolution of carbonate particles is in contrast with the current paradigm of the conservative nature of pelagic CaCO3 at shallow water depths. Here we use more than 20,000 sets of carbon measurements in conjunction with CFC and C-14 data from the WOCE/JGOFS/OACES global CO2 survey to estimate in situ dissolution rates of CaCO3 in the Atlantic Ocean. A dissolution rate is estimated from changes in alkalinity as a parcel of water ages along an isopycnal surface. The in situ CaCO3 dissolution increases rapidly at the aragonite 100% saturation horizon. Estimated dissolution rates north of 40degreesN are generally higher than the rates to the south, which is partly attributable to the production of exported CaCO3 being higher in the North Atlantic than in the South Atlantic. As more CaCO3 particles move down the water column, more particles are available for in situ dissolution. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate in the Atlantic Ocean is determined on an annual basis by integrating estimated dissolution rates throughout the entire water column and correcting for alkalinity input of approximately 5.6 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1) from CaCO3-rich sediments. The resulting water column dissolution rate of CaCO3 for the Atlantic Ocean is approximately 11.1 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1). This corresponds to about 31% of a recent estimate (35.8 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1)) of net CaCO3 production by Lee [2001] for the same area. Our calculation using a large amount of high-quality water column alkalinity data provides the first basin-scale estimate of the CaCO3 budget for the Atlantic Ocean.
C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
EM lady2592@postech.ac.kr; ktl@postech.ac.kr; feely@pmel.noaa.gov;
sabine@pmel.noaa.gov; millero@rsmas.miami.edu; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov;
3johnb@pmel.noaa.gov; key@princeton.edu; tsung-hung.peng@noaa.gov
RI Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015
NR 73
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 6
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD OCT 9
PY 2003
VL 17
IS 4
AR 1093
DI 10.1029/2002GB002001
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 732EG
UT WOS:000185927400001
ER
PT J
AU Dlugokencky, EJ
Houweling, S
Bruhwiler, L
Masarie, KA
Lang, PM
Miller, JB
Tans, PP
AF Dlugokencky, EJ
Houweling, S
Bruhwiler, L
Masarie, KA
Lang, PM
Miller, JB
Tans, PP
TI Atmospheric methane levels off: Temporary pause or a new steady-state?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH-RATE; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO; TRENDS
AB [1] The globally-averaged atmospheric methane abundance determined from an extensive network of surface air sampling sites was constant at similar to1751 ppb from 1999 through 2002. Assuming that the methane lifetime has been constant, this implies that during this 4-year period the global methane budget has been at steady state. We also observed a significant decrease in the difference between northern and southern polar zonal annual averages of CH4 from 1991 to 1992. Using a 3-D transport model, we show that this change is consistent with a decrease in CH4 emissions of similar to10 Tg CH4 from north of 50degreesN in the early-1990s. This decrease in emissions may have accelerated the global methane budget towards steady state. Based on current knowledge of the global methane budget and how it has changed with time, it is not possible to tell if the atmospheric methane burden has peaked, or if we are only observing a persistent, but temporary pause in its increase.
C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Utrecht, SRON, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Dlugokencky, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 24
TC 220
Z9 226
U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 8
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 19
AR 1992
DI 10.1029/2003GL018126
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 732DM
UT WOS:000185925600004
ER
PT J
AU Lacevic, N
Starr, FW
Schroder, TB
Glotzer, SC
AF Lacevic, N
Starr, FW
Schroder, TB
Glotzer, SC
TI Spatially heterogeneous dynamics investigated via a time-dependent
four-point density correlation function
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; GROWING LENGTH SCALES;
LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; TRANSLATION-ROTATION PARADOX; HIGHLY SUPERCOOLED
LIQUIDS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; LONG-LIVED STRUCTURES; KINETIC
ISING-MODEL; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY
AB Relaxation in supercooled liquids above their glass transition and below the onset temperature of "slow" dynamics involves the correlated motion of neighboring particles. This correlated motion results in the appearance of spatially heterogeneous dynamics or "dynamical heterogeneity." Traditional two-point time-dependent density correlation functions, while providing information about the transient "caging" of particles on cooling, are unable to provide sufficiently detailed information about correlated motion and dynamical heterogeneity. Here, we study a four-point, time-dependent density correlation function g(4)(r,t) and corresponding "structure factor" S(4)(q,t) which measure the spatial correlations between the local liquid density at two points in space, each at two different times, and so are sensitive to dynamical heterogeneity. We study g(4)(r,t) and S(4)(q,t) via molecular dynamics simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture approaching the mode coupling temperature from above. We find that the correlations between particles measured by g(4)(r,t) and S(4)(q,t) become increasingly pronounced on cooling. The corresponding dynamical correlation length xi(4)(t) extracted from the small-q behavior of S(4)(q,t) provides an estimate of the range of correlated particle motion. We find that xi(4)(t) has a maximum as a function of time t, and that the value of the maximum of xi(4)(t) increases steadily from less than one particle diameter to a value exceeding nine particle diameters in the temperature range approaching the mode coupling temperature from above. At the maximum, xi(4)(t) and the alpha relaxation time tau(alpha) are related by a power law. We also examine the individual contributions to g(4)(r,t), S(4)(q,t), and xi(4)(t), as well as the corresponding order parameter Q(t) and generalized susceptibility chi(4)(t), arising from the self and distinct contributions to Q(t). These contributions elucidate key differences between domains of localized and delocalized particles.(C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Roskilde Univ Ctr, IMFUFA, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Lacevic, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012
NR 126
TC 258
Z9 258
U1 0
U2 47
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 8
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 14
BP 7372
EP 7387
DI 10.1063/1.1605094
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 726AT
UT WOS:000185575700045
ER
PT J
AU Diaz, JG
Planelles, J
Jaskolski, W
Aizpurua, J
Bryant, GW
AF Diaz, JG
Planelles, J
Jaskolski, W
Aizpurua, J
Bryant, GW
TI Nanocrystal molecules and chains
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM-DOT SYSTEMS; WELL HETERONANOSTRUCTURES; ELECTRON-STATES; SOLIDS;
ABSORPTION
AB The electron energy structure of linear artificial molecules and one-dimensional chains formed of spherical semiconductor nanocrystals is investigated with and without an applied magnetic field. Both uniform and multilayer nanocrystals are studied. The calculations are performed within the effective mass model by numerically integrating the effective mass equation on a two-dimensional cylindrical grid. Some calculations are, for comparison, performed also in the tight-binding approach. Density contours are presented to illustrate the transformation of states in systems of strongly interacting coupled quantum dots. Strong interaction between the quantum-dot-quantum-well structures in a chain of nanocrystals can lead to the formation of a very narrow ground-state miniband, well separated from the excited levels with the energies almost independent of the magnetic field. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 UJI, Dept Ciencies Expt, E-12080 Castello, Spain.
UMK, Inst Fiz, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Diaz, JG (reprint author), UJI, Dept Ciencies Expt, E-12080 Castello, Spain.
RI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014
OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876; Aizpurua,
Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 8
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 14
BP 7484
EP 7490
DI 10.1063/1.1605940
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 726AT
UT WOS:000185575700056
ER
PT J
AU Gurski, KF
McFadden, GB
AF Gurski, KF
McFadden, GB
TI The effect of anisotropic surface energy on the Rayleigh instability
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Rayleigh instability; anisotropic surface energy; quantum wires;
nanorods; Cahn-Hoffman epsilon vector
ID MELT INTERFACIAL ENERGY; CAPILLARY INSTABILITIES; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS;
GROWTH; STABILITY; NANOWIRES; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; TENSION; SHAPE
AB We determine the linear stability of a rod or wire subject to capillary forces arising from an anisotropic surface energy. The rod is assumed to be smooth with a uniform cross-section given by a two-dimensional equilibrium shape. The stability analysis is based on computing the sign of the second variation of the total energy, which is examined by solving an associated eigenvalue problem. The eigenproblem is a coupled pair of second-order ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients that depend on the second derivatives of the surface energy with respect to orientation variables. We apply the analysis to examples with uniaxial or cubic anisotropy, which illustrate that anisotropic surface energy plays a significant role in establishing the stability of the rod. Both the magnitude and sign of the anisotropy determine whether the contribution stabilizes or destabilizes the system relative to the case of isotropic surface energy, which reproduces the classical Rayleigh instability.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gurski, KF (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008;
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Gurski,
Katharine/0000-0002-4589-8307
NR 54
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 12
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5021
EI 1471-2946
J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY
JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD OCT 8
PY 2003
VL 459
IS 2038
BP 2575
EP 2598
DI 10.1098/rspa.2003.1144
PG 24
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 728WK
UT WOS:000185739200011
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, JJ
Chen, JJ
Jennings, HM
Neumann, DA
AF Thomas, JJ
Chen, JJ
Jennings, HM
Neumann, DA
TI Ca-OH bonding in the C-S-H gel phase of tricalcium silicate and white
portland cement pastes measured by inelastic neutron scattering
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRATE GEL; O-17
AB Inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS) was used to determine the content of Ca-OH bonds in a series of mature tricalcium silicate (3CaO.SiO2) and white portland cement (WPC) pastes that were decalcified to calcium/silicon molar ratios (Ca/Si) as low as 1. These measurements indicate that the band in the INS data at 41 meV, which originates from lattice modes involving the translational oscillations of OH groups attached to Ca, has intensity contributions from both Ca(OH)(2) and C-S-H gel, the main hydration product of cement paste. Quantitative analysis of the INS spectra show that similar to23% of the Ca in C-S-H gel with Ca/Si = 1.7 is charge-balanced by OH groups, with the remainder charge-balanced by silicate groups. This substantial concentration of Ca-OH bonds supports the hypothesis that C-S-H gel has a local structure resembling a disordered form of the mineral jennite. On decalcification, the concentration of Ca-OH bonds in C-S-H gel decreases and is eliminated at Ca/Si ratios slightly above 1. The observed trend is shown to be consistent with charge balance calculations and interpretations of recent phase equilibrium findings.
C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Thomas, Jeffrey/B-7103-2009;
OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023
NR 18
TC 35
Z9 39
U1 4
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD OCT 7
PY 2003
VL 15
IS 20
BP 3813
EP 3817
DI 10.1021/cm034227f
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 728ZW
UT WOS:000185747100015
ER
PT J
AU Lu, CJ
Bendersky, LA
Lu, H
Schaff, WJ
AF Lu, CJ
Bendersky, LA
Lu, H
Schaff, WJ
TI Threading dislocations in epitaxial InN thin films grown on (0001)
sapphire with a GaN buffer layer
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BAND-GAP
AB The density and types of threading dislocations (TDs) in InN thin films grown on (0001) sapphire with a GaN buffer layer were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Perfect edge TDs with 1/3<11 (2) over bar0> Burgers vectors are predominant defects which penetrate the GaN and InN layers. Pure screw and mixed TDs were also observed. Overall the TD density decreases during film growth due to annihilation and fusion. The TD density in GaN is as high as approximate to1.5x10(11) cm(-2), and it drops rapidly to approximate to2.2x10(10) cm(-2) in InN films. Most half-loops in GaN are connected with misfit dislocation segments at the InN/GaN interface and formed loops, while some TD segments threaded the interface. Half-loops were also generated during the initial stages of InN growth. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Lu, CJ (reprint author), Hubei Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China.
NR 13
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 6
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 14
BP 2817
EP 2819
DI 10.1063/1.1616659
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 727NB
UT WOS:000185664000029
ER
PT J
AU McMahon, PJ
Allman, BE
Jacobson, DL
Arif, M
Werner, SA
Nugent, KA
AF McMahon, PJ
Allman, BE
Jacobson, DL
Arif, M
Werner, SA
Nugent, KA
TI Quantitative phase radiography with polychromatic neutrons
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTIALLY COHERENT-LIGHT
AB We develop and experimentally demonstrate a formalism that allows accurate phase imaging using neutron sources producing highly polychromatic beams. The results of measurements from a rectangular block of silicon compare favorably with theoretical simulations based upon the known composition and geometry of the block. The increased flux and reduced exposure times will permit a simple extension of the technique to tomographic phase imaging.
C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nugent, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016
OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478
NR 13
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 3
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 14
AR 145502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.145502
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 728LW
UT WOS:000185719500025
PM 14611534
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, MJ
Rosenlof, KH
AF Alexander, MJ
Rosenlof, KH
TI Gravity-wave forcing in the stratosphere: Observational constraints from
the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and implications for
parameterization in global models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE stratosphere; gravity wave; global circulation
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL LOWER STRATOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DOWNWARD CONTROL; SPECTRAL PARAMETERIZATION;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS
AB [1] Global models that include parameterized gravity-wave effects have an excessively broad range of tuning parameters to choose from that allow a very broad range of gravity-wave momentum forcing distributions. We derive a set of constraints on gravity-wave characteristics near the tropopause from databased estimates of gravity-wave effects in the stratosphere. We use 5.6 years of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite data and UK Met Office-analyzed wind and temperature fields to first derive estimates of the gravity-wave mean flow forcing in the stratosphere. We then compare these estimates to a suite of gravity-wave model calculations to infer the constraints on the gravity-wave characteristics near the tropopause. These constraints apply to the portion of the gravity-wave spectrum that dissipates in the stratosphere and does not include those that dissipate and drive the mesosphere. We focus on equatorial and extratropical regions separately and find substantially different wave characteristics between the two. We also find a seasonal variation in gravity-wave characteristics in the extratropics. Near the equator, gravity waves assist in driving the quasibiennial and semiannual oscillations, and our constraints on "gravity waves'' likely include a blend of characteristics of both ordinary gravity waves and some Kelvin-wave modes. In the extratropics, gravity-wave forcing primarily assists in the annual winter-to-summer transition from westward-to-eastward winds.
C1 Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Alexander, MJ (reprint author), Colorado Res Associates, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM alexand@colorado-research.com; krosenlof@al.noaa.gov
RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008
OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270
NR 80
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 2
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D19
AR 4597
DI 10.1029/2003JD003373
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 731NN
UT WOS:000185892200003
ER
PT J
AU Li, SL
Robinson, WA
Peng, SL
AF Li, SL
Robinson, WA
Peng, SL
TI Influence of the north Atlantic SST tripole on northwest African
rainfall
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE SST; rainfall; influence
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; ASSOCIATION;
MECHANISMS; LATENT; OCEANS
AB [1] The sea-surface temperature (SST) tripole, with warm anomalies off the east coast of the United States and cold anomalies north of 40 degreesN and south of 25 degreesN, is the leading mode of interannual variability in wintertime North Atlantic SST. Its influence on northwest African rainfall is investigated by using a large-ensemble of GCM simulations. Firstly the modeled basin-scale rainfall impact is displayed, and the results suggest: in early-mid winter ( November - January), a positive SST tripole causes a reduced rainfall extending from the tropical North Atlantic northeastward to Mediterranean while a negative SST causes a south-north increased rainfall across the central Atlantic from the subtropics to the midlatitude. In late winter ( February - April) a positive SST tripole causes a reduced rainfall in the central Atlantic from the subtropics to the midlatitude while a negative SST tripole induces a zonal increased rainfall from the subtropics to Mediterranean. The asymmetry and seasonal dependence of the SST influence on the basin-scale rainfall is consistent with the nonlinear response of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Under the large-scale impact background, northwest Africa regional rainfall response is also nonlinear and seasonally dependent. In early-mid winter a positive SST tripole causes reduced rainfall, while a negative SST has little effect. In late winter a negative SST tripole induces increased rainfall, while a positive tripole has little effect. A similarly large-scale asymmetric association between SST and rainfall-circulation exists in observations in late winter, while the observed seasonal dependence of this association is relatively weak. Also, a similar SST tripole association with the regional rainfall over the northwest coast of Africa exists in observations.
C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Li, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM shuanglin.li@noaa.gov
RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012; Li, Shuanglin /D-5695-2013
OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408; Li, Shuanglin /0000-0002-4891-8561
NR 21
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 2
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D19
AR 4594
DI 10.1029/2002JD003130
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 731NN
UT WOS:000185892200002
ER
PT J
AU McCabe, DC
Brown, SS
Gilles, MK
Talukdar, RK
Smith, IWM
Ravishankara, AR
AF McCabe, DC
Brown, SS
Gilles, MK
Talukdar, RK
Smith, IWM
Ravishankara, AR
TI Kinetics of the removal of OH(v=1) and OD(v= 1) by HNO3 and DNO3 from
253 to 383 K
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-ACID; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER;
RATE CONSTANTS; 248 NM; OH; PHOTODISSOCIATION; MECHANISM; TEMPERATURES
AB We have measured the rate coefficients for the removal of OH(v = 1) and OD(v = 1) by HNO3 and DNO3 as a function of temperature from 253 to 383 K. OH(v = 1) and OD(v = 1) were produced by photolysis of HNO3/DNO3 at 248 nm; laser-induced fluorescence was used to monitor the kinetics of the vibrationally excited radicals. The measured rate coefficients at 295 K range from 2.5 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the removal of OH(v = 1) by HNO3 to 6 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for the removal of OH(v = 1) by DNO3; the rate coefficients for the like-isotope processes [removal of OH(v = 1) by HNO3 and removal of OH(v = 1) by DNO3] are 2-4 times higher than the rate coefficients for the unlike-isotope processes. All four rate coefficients show negative temperature dependences that are too strong to be attributable only to long-range interactions between the reactants. Expressed as negative activation energies, the temperature dependences yield values of E-a/R from -520 to -750 K. We suggest that the removal of the vibrationally excited radicals occurs via formation of the hydrogen-bonded, cyclic OH-HNO3 reaction complex (or the appropriate isotopomer of the complex) invoked to explain the unusual kinetics of the reaction of ground-state OH with nitric acid. We postulate that dissociation of the reaction complex to regenerate nitric acid and vibrationally excited CH or OD competes with intramolecular vibrational redistribution of the OH/OD vibrational excitation energy within the reaction complex, leading to the observed negative temperature dependence. We attribute the higher rate coefficients of the like-isotope processes (relative to the unlike-isotope processes) to faster, resonant, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution within the reaction complexes containing the same isotopes. Additionally, we estimate the yields of OH(v = 1) to be similar to1% and OH(v = 2) to be similar to0.4% of that of OH(v = 0) from the photolysis of HNO3 at 248 nm.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway R-AL2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ravi@al.noaa.gov
RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431;
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 39
BP 7762
EP 7769
DI 10.1021/jp0346413
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 726QB
UT WOS:000185609500013
ER
PT J
AU Skrzypczak, A
Neta, P
AF Skrzypczak, A
Neta, P
TI Diffusion-controlled electron-transfer reactions in ionic liquids
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM
BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; REACTION-KINETICS; HYDRATED
ELECTRONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; OH RADICALS; REDUCTION;
PYRIDINE; SOLVENTS
AB The reactions of pyridinyl and alkylpyridinyl radicals with duroquinone involve an electron transfer to produce the durosemiquinone radical in a diffusion-controlled process. The rate constants for such reactions in several ionic liquids and molecular organic solvents are determined by pulse radiolysis. The ionic liquids used are N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BuPyBF4) and the following tetraalkylammonium (R4N+) salts of his(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (-NTf2): methyltributylammonium (MeBu3NNTf2), hexyltributylammonium (HxBu(3)NNTf(2)), methyltrioctylammonium (MeOc(3)NNTf(2)), and methylbutylpyrrolidinium (MeBuPyrNTf(2)). The molecular solvents used are triethanolamine (TEOA) and cyclohexanol (c-HxOH). The experimental rate constants in the molecular solvents are only slightly higher than the diffusion-controlled rate constants estimated from the viscosity. On the other hand, the experimental values in the ionic liquids are about an order of magnitude higher than the values estimated from the measured viscosity. The reason for this difference is suggested to be due to the voids that exist in ionic liquids and the possibility that diffusion of reacting species takes place through movement of segments of the ions while the viscosity is related to movement of the whole ions.
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Neta, P (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Skrzypczak, Andrzej/M-2397-2014
NR 26
TC 101
Z9 102
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 39
BP 7800
EP 7803
DI 10.1021/jp030416+
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 726QB
UT WOS:000185609500017
ER
PT J
AU Cellarosi, MJ
AF Cellarosi, MJ
TI Fish for the laboratory: Lake Superior Fish Tissue, SRM 1946
SO AMERICAN LABORATORY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cellarosi, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 2300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA
SN 0044-7749
J9 AM LAB
JI Am. Lab.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 35
IS 20
BP 62
EP 63
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 739QC
UT WOS:000186357100010
ER
PT J
AU Stodeman, M
Schwarz, FP
AF Stodeman, M
Schwarz, FP
TI Temperature dependence of the kinetics of the acylase hydrolysis
reaction by differential stopped flow microcalorimetry
SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE differential stopped flow microcalorimetry; enzyme kinetics; porcine
kidney acylase; N-acetylglycine; N-acetyl-L-methionine;
N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine; reaction enthalpies; thermodynamics
AB The rates of the hydrolysis of N-acetylglycine, N-acetyl-L-methionine, and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine by porcine acylase 1 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, which is inhibited by acetate product formation, were monitored calorimetrically at temperatures between 15.2 and 45.3 degreesC by a differential stopped-flow microcalorimeter. Since the acylase is thermally stable and the pH of the phosphate buffer changes by less than 0.01 pH units over this temperature range, any temperature effect on the hydrolysis reaction can be attributed to the effect of temperature on the kinetics of the reaction. Analysis of the integrated heat released by the reaction as a function of time with regard to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation yields apparent values for k(cat) and apparent values for K-m that depend on the product inhibition constant. The apparent values for K-m also exhibited a dependence on the initial substrate concentration because of the acetate product inhibition at each temperature. By assuming that the inhibition constant is independent of temperature over this temperature range and from extrapolation of K-m to its value at zero substrate concentration, intrinsic values of K-m and k(cat) were determined over the temperature range from 15.2 to 45.3 degreesC. The intrinsic values of K-m exhibited very little variation over this temperature range while the intrinsic values of k(cat) exhibited an increase over the same temperature range. The heats of reaction also exhibited an increase with temperature over this range with an average heat capacity change of -94 J mol(-1) K-1 for the three substrates. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0003-2697
J9 ANAL BIOCHEM
JI Anal. Biochem.
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 321
IS 1
BP 1
EP 7
DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(03)00428-7
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 723BX
UT WOS:000185413500001
PM 12963049
ER
PT J
AU Randriambelo, T
Baray, JL
Baldy, S
Thompson, AM
Oltmans, S
Keckhut, P
AF Randriambelo, T
Baray, JL
Baldy, S
Thompson, AM
Oltmans, S
Keckhut, P
TI Investigation of the short-time variability of tropical tropospheric
ozone
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric composition and structure; troposphere-composition and
chemistry; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics climatology; tropical
meteorology
ID INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHERN AFRICA; TRACE-A; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS;
VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; TRANSPORT; CLIMATOLOGY;
STRATOSPHERE; SUBTROPICS
AB Since 1998, a ground-based tropospheric ozone lidar has been running at Reunion Island and has been involved with a daily measurement campaign that was performed in the latter part of the biomass burning season, during November-December 1999. The averaged ozone profile obtained during November-December 1999 agrees well with the averaged ozone profile obtained from the ozonesondes launch at Reunion during November-December (19922001). Comparing weekly sonde launches (part of the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes: SHADOZ program) with the daily ground-based lidar observations shows that some striking features of the day-to-day variability profiles are not observed in the sonde measurements. Ozone profiles respond to the nature of disturbances which vary from one day to the next.
The vertical ozone distribution at Reunion is examined as a function of prevailing atmospheric circulation. Back trajectories show that most of the enhanced ozone crossed over biomass burning and convectively active regions in Madagascar and the southern African continent. The analyses of the meteorological data show that ozone stratification profiles are in agreement with the movement of the synoptic situations in November-December 1999. Three different sequences of transport are explained using wind fields. The first sequence from 23 to 25 November is characterized by northerly transport; during the second sequence from 26 to 30 November, the air masses are influenced by meridional transport. The third sequence from 2 to 6 December is characterized by westerly transport associated with the subtropical jet stream. The large, standard deviations of lidar profiles in the middle and upper troposphere are in agreement with the upper wind variabilities which evidence passing ridge and trough disturbances. During the transition period between the dry season and the wet season, multiple ozone sources including stratosphere-troposphere exchanges, convection and biomass burning contribute to tropospheric ozone at Reunion Island through sporadic events characterized by a large spatial and temporal variability.
C1 CNRS, Lab Phys Atmosphere, UMR 8105, F-97715 Reunion Isl, France.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, Paris, France.
RP Randriambelo, T (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Phys Atmosphere, UMR 8105, 15 Ave Rene Cassin, F-97715 Reunion Isl, France.
EM randriam@univ-reunion.fr
RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
NR 36
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 21
IS 10
BP 2095
EP 2106
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 775NL
UT WOS:000189047500006
ER
PT J
AU Bajt, SA
Chapman, HN
Nguyen, N
Alameda, J
Robinson, JC
Malinowski, M
Gullikson, E
Aquila, A
Tarrio, C
Grantham, S
AF Bajt, SA
Chapman, HN
Nguyen, N
Alameda, J
Robinson, JC
Malinowski, M
Gullikson, E
Aquila, A
Tarrio, C
Grantham, S
TI Design and performance of capping layers for extreme-ultraviolet
multilayer mirrors
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; MO/SI-MULTILAYERS;
LITHOGRAPHY; RADIATION; OPTICS; CONTAMINATION; REFLECTANCE; RESOLUTION;
COATINGS
AB Multilayer lifetime has emerged as one of the major issues for the commercialization of extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). We describe the performance of an oxidation-resistant capping layer of Ru atop multilayers that results in a reflectivity above 69% at 13.2 nm, which is suitable for EUVL projection optics and has been tested with accelerated electron-beam and extreme-ultraviolet (ELTV) light in a water-vapor environment. Based on accelerated exposure results, we calculated multilayer lifetimes for all reflective mirrors in a typical commercial EUVL tool and concluded that Ru-capped multilayers have similar to40X longer lifetimes than Si-capped multilayers, which translates to 3 months to many years, depending on the mirror dose. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bajt, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM bajt@llnl.gov
RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010
OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743;
NR 22
TC 59
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 14
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 28
BP 5750
EP 5758
DI 10.1364/AO.42.005750
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 726EB
UT WOS:000185584600019
PM 14528939
ER
PT J
AU Corwin, KL
Newbury, NR
Dudley, JM
Coen, S
Diddams, SA
Washburn, BR
Weber, K
Windeler, RS
AF Corwin, KL
Newbury, NR
Dudley, JM
Coen, S
Diddams, SA
Washburn, BR
Weber, K
Windeler, RS
TI Fundamental amplitude noise limitations to supercontinuum spectra
generated in a microstructured fiber (vol B 77, pg 269, 2003)
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Opt PM Duffieux, F-25030 Besancon, France.
Free Univ Brussels, Serv Opt & Acoust, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Corwin, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Coen, Stephane/C-9030-2009; Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013; Corwin,
Kristan/A-1331-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Dudley, John
/D-3222-2011
OI Coen, Stephane/0000-0001-5605-5906; Dudley, John /0000-0001-9520-9699
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 77
IS 4
BP 467
EP 468
DI 10.1007/s00340-003-1301-9
PG 2
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 736PK
UT WOS:000186179100017
ER
PT J
AU Millie, DF
Fahnenstiel, GL
Lohrenz, SE
Carrick, HJ
Johengen, TH
Schofield, OME
AF Millie, DF
Fahnenstiel, GL
Lohrenz, SE
Carrick, HJ
Johengen, TH
Schofield, OME
TI Physical-biological coupling in southern Lake Michigan: Influence of
episodic sediment resuspension on phytoplankton
SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coastal resuspension; diatoms; Great Lakes; growth; microalgae;
photosynthesis
ID GREAT-LAKES; DYNAMICS; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES; ESTUARY; GROWTH;
PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REJUVENATION; CHLOROPHYLL; TEMPERATURE
AB The influence of episodic, sediment resuspension on phytoplankton abundance/volume and composition, the photosynthetic maximum rate (P(max)(B)) and efficiency (alpha(B)), and chlorophyll-specific growth (mu(Chl)) was evaluated during the spring isothermal period in southern Lake Michigan (Laurentian Great Lakes, USA). Resuspension altered the nutrient and light climate of nearshore waters; light attenuation (K(d)) and phosphorus concentrations corresponded (p less than or equal to 0.0001 and p less than or equal to 0.001, respectively) with concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Phytoplankton cell volume and diatom cell abundance and volume were not associated with SPM concentrations (p > 0.05). Diatom composition displayed spatial dissimilarities corresponding with resuspension (p less than or equal to 0.001); small centric diatoms exhibiting meroplanktonic life histories and pennate diatoms considered benthic in origin were most abundant within SPM-impacted, nearshore waters whereas taxa typically comprising assemblages in optically-clear, offshore waters and the basin- wide, spring bloom were not. Values of P(max)(B) and alpha(B) corresponded (p less than or equal to 0.0001) with both K(d) coefficients and SPM concentrations, potentially reflecting increased light harvesting/utilization within impacted assemblages. However, integral production was inversely associated with K(d) coefficients and SPM concentrations (p < 0.0001) and photosynthesis was light- limited (or nearly so) for most assemblages. Although mu(Chl) values corresponded with K(d) coefficients (p <= 0.05), values were quite low (<(x)over bar> +/- S. E., 0.10 +/- 0.004 d(-1)) throughout the study. Most likely, distinct rate processes between SPM- and non-impacted assemblages reflected short-term compositional (and corresponding physiological) variations due to infusion of meroplankton and/or tributary-derived phytoplankton. Overall, resuspension appears to have little, if any, long-term impact upon the structure and function of the lake's phytoplankton.
C1 Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources Fisheries & Wildlife, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RP Millie, DF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, 830 1st St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM david.millie@fwc.state.fl.us
OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975
NR 70
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-2588
J9 AQUAT ECOL
JI Aquat. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 4
BP 393
EP 408
DI 10.1023/B:AECO.0000007046.48955.70
PG 16
WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 750NQ
UT WOS:000187003000006
ER
PT J
AU Key, PB
Fulton, MH
Harman-Fetcho, JA
McConnell, LL
AF Key, PB
Fulton, MH
Harman-Fetcho, JA
McConnell, LL
TI Acetylcholinesterase activity in grass shrimp and aqueous pesticide
levels from South Florida drainage canals
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; LIFE STAGES; INHIBITION; BIOMARKER; ATRAZINE;
TOXICITY; LETHAL; TISSUE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CHOLINESTERASE
AB Freshwater drainage canals in South Florida are utilized to manage water in agricultural, urban, and water conservation areas and, as a result, collect urban and agricultural storm runoff that is discharged into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Pesticides in this runoff may be toxic to the biota inhabiting these waters. This study evaluated the effects of contaminants in South Florida canals draining into Biscayne Bay on the estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes intermedius), a representative invertebrate species. Results of surface water analysis for pesticides indicated that eight pesticides out of 52 analyzed were detected. The herbicide metolachlor was found at all nine sites in the five canals sampled at concentrations up to 119 ng/L. Atrazine was detected at seven sites at concentrations up to 29 ng/L. Three organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion, diazinon) were detected at three sites in two canals (Military and North). Grass shrimp from these three sites showed significantly reduced levels of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme as compared to control shrimp. These two canals are similar in the land use areas drained-urban and suburban and agriculture. The results suggest that monitoring organisms for ACNE levels can be a means of detecting exposure to organophosphorus pesticide contamination.
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Key, PB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NR 36
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 45
IS 3
BP 371
EP 377
DI 10.1007/s00244-003-0173-7
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 722HY
UT WOS:000185370400012
PM 14679985
ER
PT J
AU Etyemezian, V
Kuhns, H
Gillies, J
Green, M
Pitchford, M
Watson, J
AF Etyemezian, V
Kuhns, H
Gillies, J
Green, M
Pitchford, M
Watson, J
TI Vehicle-based road dust emission measurement: I - methods and
calibration
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE TRAKER; spatially resolved; real-time; fugitive; silt loading; PM10
AB Testing re-entrained aerosol kinetic emissions from roads (TRAKER) is a vehicle-based method for measuring road dust emissions. Particulate matter is sampled in front and behind a vehicle's tire and the difference in PM concentration is related to emissions. This paper describes the most recent developments of TRAKER. The loss of particles within the inlet lines, the response of the TRAKER signal (differential PM concentration) to vehicle speed, and the relationship between the TRAKER signal and unpaved road dust PM10 emissions were examined. Losses of particles to the walls in the inlet lines were similar for the left and right inlets and were less than the inter-instrument precision for particles between 0.56 and 7.3 mum in diameter. When summed over the PM10 size range, losses were less than 20%. Line losses were also characterized when a dilution system was used to sample emissions from unpaved roads. Two independent tests indicated that the TRAKER signal increases as the cube of the speed for a given road dust loading. Simultaneous measurement of PM10 dust emitted behind the tires by TRAKER with PM10 flux measured using upwind/downwind towers suggested that the emission factor for road dust was proportional to the cube root of the TRAKER signal. The results also showed a linear relationship between unpaved road dust PM10 emissions and vehicle speed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
NOAA, Las Vegas, NV USA.
RP Etyemezian, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
RI Kuhns, Hampden/C-3563-2008; Watson, John/E-6869-2010
OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899
NR 9
TC 46
Z9 53
U1 3
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 32
BP 4559
EP 4571
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00528-4
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727QP
UT WOS:000185670200009
ER
PT J
AU Kuhns, H
Etyemezian, V
Green, M
Hendrickson, K
McGown, M
Barton, K
Pitchford, M
AF Kuhns, H
Etyemezian, V
Green, M
Hendrickson, K
McGown, M
Barton, K
Pitchford, M
TI Vehicle-based road dust emission measurement - Part II: Effect of
precipitation, wintertime road sanding, and street sweepers on inferred
PM10 emission potentials from paved and unpaved roads
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE TRAKER; road dust; emissions; road sanding; street sweeping; paved road;
unpaved road; PM10
AB Testing Re-Entrained Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) is a new technique to infer paved and unpaved road dust PM10 emission potentials based on particulate matter (PM) measurements made onboard a moving vehicle. Light scattering instruments mounted in front and behind the vehicle's tires measure the differential particle concentration of dust suspended by the vehicle's tire in contact with the road surface. Through empirical regressions relating the differential concentration (i.e. TRAKER signal) with the vehicle speed and the downwind flux of PM10 particles from the road, an equation is derived to infer the speed independent road dust emission potential from the measured TRAKER signal. Measurements from TRAKER offer a new perspective on the processes that affect road dust emissions. The system was used to investigate temporal changes in emission potentials from paved roads in both the winter and summer in the Treasure Valley in Southwest Idaho. During the 3-week wintertime sampling period, the residential road dust PM10 emission potential decreased by similar to50%. Summertime PM10 emission potentials were similar to those observed at the end of the winter sampling and showed no upward or downward trends. Wintertime unpaved road emissions increased consistently with the number of days since the last rainfall. Measurement of road dust emission potentials after road sanding on dry roads indicated a 75% increase in PM10 emissions after 2.5 h. This effect was short lived and emission potentials returned to their pre-sanding levels within 8 h of the sand application. Street sweeping with mechanical and vacuum sweepers was found to offer no measurable reduction in PM10 emission potentials. On several roads, the PM10 emission potentials actually increased immediately after vacuum sweeping. Long term effects of street sweeping on road dust emissions were not evaluated as part of this study and may offer some overall reduction in PM emissions from paved roads. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV USA.
Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID USA.
Ada Cty Highway Dist, Boise, ID USA.
NOAA, Las Vegas, NV USA.
RP Kuhns, H (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RI Kuhns, Hampden/C-3563-2008
NR 11
TC 42
Z9 53
U1 5
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 32
BP 4573
EP 4582
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00529-6
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727QP
UT WOS:000185670200010
ER
PT J
AU Etyemezian, V
Kuhns, H
Gillies, J
Chow, J
Hendrickson, K
McGown, M
Pitchford, M
AF Etyemezian, V
Kuhns, H
Gillies, J
Chow, J
Hendrickson, K
McGown, M
Pitchford, M
TI Vehicle-based road dust emission measurement (III): effect of speed,
traffic volume, location, and season on PM10 road dust emissions in the
Treasure Valley, ID
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE TRAKER; road dust; emissions; fugitive; silt loading
AB The testing re-entrained aerosol kinetic emissions from roads (TRAKER) road dust measurement system was used to survey more than 400 km of paved roads in southwestern Idaho during 3-week sampling campaigns in winter and summer, 2001. Each data point, consisting of a 1-s measurement of particle light scattering sampled behind the front tire, was associated with a link (section of road) in the traffic demand model network for the Treasure Valley, ID. Each link was in turn associated with a number of characteristics including posted speed limit, vehicle kilometers traveled (vkt), road class (local/residential, collector, arterial, and interstate), county, and land use (urban vs. rural). Overall, the TRAKER-based emission factors based on location, setting, season, and speed spanned a narrow range from 3.6 to 8.0g/vkt. Emission factors were higher in winter compared to summer, higher in urban areas compared to rural, and lower for roads with fast travel speeds compared to slower roads. The inherent covariance between traffic volume and traffic speed obscured the assessment of the effect of traffic volume on emission potentials.
Distance-based emission factors expressed in grams per kilometer traveled (g/vkt) for roads with low travel speeds (similar to11 m/s residential roads) compared to those with high travel speeds (similar to 25 m/s interstates) were higher (5.2 vs. 3.0 g/vkt in summer and 5.9 vs. 4.9 g/vkt in winter). However, emission potentials which characterize the amount of suspendable material on a road were substantially higher on roads with low travel speeds (0.71 vs. 0.13 g/vkt/(m/s) in summer and 0.78 vs. 0.21 g/vkt/(m/s) in winter). This suggested that while high speed roads are much cleaner (factor of 5.4 in summer), on a vehicle kilometer traveled basis, emissions from high and low speed roads are of the same order.
Emission inventories based on the TRAKER method, silt loadings obtained during the field study, and US EPA's AP-42 default values of silt loading were compared. PM10 paved road dust emission inventories calculated with the TRAKER method were 61% higher in winter and 180% higher in summer than inventories calculated from on-site silt loading measurements. Emissions calculated from silt loading measurements conducted on-site indicated that the AP-42 default values are too low for the Treasure Valley by a factor of 1.5 for summer conditions and by a factor of 3.8 for winter. Both silt loading and TRAKER are techniques that were calibrated against the horizontal flux of dust, which was estimated by the difference in PM10 concentration between instruments located upwind and downwind of an unpaved road. The upwind/downwind method, and therefore both silt loading and TRAKER, gives a measure of the dust emitted near the source, and not the dust that can be transported on a regional or air shed scale. Correcting the measured dust emissions for deposition and removal near the source is outside the scope of this work, but is a continuing area of research among dispersion modelers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID USA.
NOAA, Las Vegas, NV USA.
RP Etyemezian, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
RI Kuhns, Hampden/C-3563-2008
NR 16
TC 46
Z9 57
U1 2
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 32
BP 4583
EP 4593
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00530-2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727QP
UT WOS:000185670200011
ER
PT J
AU Broz, ME
VanderHart, DL
Washburn, NR
AF Broz, ME
VanderHart, DL
Washburn, NR
TI Structure and mechanical properties of poly(D,L-lactic
acid)/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) blends
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE mechanical properties; microstructure; polycaprolactone; polylactic acid
ID SPIN-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; POLYCARBONATE-BASED BLENDS; MULTIPLE PULSE
NMR; POLYMER BLENDS; MOBILE POLYMERS; SOLIDS; MORPHOLOGIES; RESOLUTION;
GLASSES
AB A series of blends of the biodegradable polymers Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(e-caprolactone) were prepared by varying mass fraction across the range of compositions. Tensile testing was performed at room temperature using an extensometer and the elastic modulus was calculated for each blend. The blends were also tested to failure, and the strain-at-failure and yield stress recorded. While the blend has been shown to have a lower critical Solution temperature, the mechanical properties were insensitive to the annealing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the blend microstructure and poor adhesion was observed at the interface between blend components. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed but the results were somewhat variable, indicating this blend may have complex phase behavior that depends sensitively on the method of preparation. However, nuclear magnetic resonance data indicate the two components are phase separated. A percolation model is used to explain the observed mechanical data and the results are consistent with the predictions of the Kerner-Uemura-Takayangi model. The results of these experiments demonstrate the utility of polymer blending in tuning material properties. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Washburn, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 196
Z9 207
U1 6
U2 53
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 23
BP 4181
EP 4190
DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00314-4
PG 10
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 702TH
UT WOS:000184239500009
PM 12853248
ER
PT J
AU Stuart, NA
AF Stuart, NA
TI Characteristics of cloud and precipitation plumes over the Chesapeake
Bay
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LINES
C1 NOAA, NWS, Wakefield, VA USA.
RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), 10009 Gen Mahone Hwy, Wakefield, VA 23888 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 10
BP 1337
EP 1340
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-10-1337
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734TG
UT WOS:000186073600010
ER
PT J
AU Mass, CF
Albright, M
Ovens, D
Steed, R
MacIver, M
Grimit, E
Eckel, T
Lamb, B
Vaughan, J
Westrick, K
Storck, P
Colman, B
Hill, C
Maykut, N
Gilroy, M
Ferguson, SA
Yetter, J
Sierchio, JM
Bowman, C
Stender, R
Wilson, R
Brown, W
AF Mass, CF
Albright, M
Ovens, D
Steed, R
MacIver, M
Grimit, E
Eckel, T
Lamb, B
Vaughan, J
Westrick, K
Storck, P
Colman, B
Hill, C
Maykut, N
Gilroy, M
Ferguson, SA
Yetter, J
Sierchio, JM
Bowman, C
Stender, R
Wilson, R
Brown, W
TI Regional environmental prediction over the Pacific Northwest
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SYSTEM
AB This paper examines the potential of regional environmental prediction by focusing on the local forecasting effort in the Pacific North; west. A consortium of federal, state, and local agencies have funded the development and operation of a multifaceted numerical prediction system centered at the University of Washington that includes atmospheric, hydrologic, and air quality models, the collection of real-time regional weather data sources, and a number of realtime applications using both observations and model output. The manuscript reviews northwest modeling and data collection systems, describes the funding and management system established to support and guide the effort, provides some examples of regional real-time applications, and examines the national implications of regional environmental prediction.
C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
3 Tier Inc, Seattle, WA USA.
Natl Weather Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
Puget Sound Clean Air Agcy, Seattle, WA USA.
PUSDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA.
Naval Air Stn Whidbey Isl, Oak Harbor, WA USA.
Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA USA.
US EPA Reg X, Seattle, WA USA.
Washington State Dept Transportat, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Mass, CF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NR 11
TC 68
Z9 68
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 10
BP 1353
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-10-1353
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734TG
UT WOS:000186073600012
ER
PT J
AU Pfost, RL
AF Pfost, RL
TI Reassessing the impact of two historical Florida hurricanes
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper reexamines two historic South Florida hurricanes, the "Miami" Hurricane of 1926, and the "Okeechobee" Hurricane of 1928. These storms are frequently cited for their disastrous impacts, but the casualty figures currently associated with them are low due to underreporting of nonwhite persons and other sociological factors. More accurate information is available, and to put the impact of these storms in a better historical perspective, the casualty figures associated with them should be corrected.
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Miami Weather Forecast Off, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
RP Pfost, RL (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Miami Weather Forecast Off, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 10
BP 1367
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-10-1367
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734TG
UT WOS:000186073600013
ER
PT J
AU Neiman, PJ
Shaw, JA
AF Neiman, PJ
Shaw, JA
TI Coronas and iridescence in mountain wave clouds over Northeastern
Colorado
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRRUS CLOUD; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ICE NUCLEATION; MIE THEORY;
SIMULATION; POLLEN; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; WINDSTORM; WATER
AB Scattering of sunlight or moonlight by cloud particles can generate colorful optical patterns that are both scientifically and aesthetically interesting. Photographs of corona rings and iridescence are presented to demonstrate how cloud-particle distributions and meteorology combine to produce a wide variety of observed patterns. The photographs of coronas are analyzed using Fraunhofer diffraction theory to determine that these optical displays were generated by cloud particles with mean diameters ranging from 7.6 to 24.3 mum. All examples of coronas and iridescence presented in this paper were observed within mountain wave clouds along the steep lee side of the Rocky Mountains over northeastern Colorado. Such clouds, commonly observed both here and on the downstream side of many other prominent mountain ranges, tend to have small cloud particles with narrow particle-size distributions, conditions that lead to relatively frequent and vivid optical displays. The meteorology accompanying at least one-half of the displays presented here suggest that the wave cloud particles consisted of ice, whereas, at least until recently, it has been accepted that spherical liquid cloud droplets are primarily responsible for coronas and iridescence. Microphotographs of particles collected from the interior of similar mountain wave clouds show that such clouds can indeed contain quasi-spherical ice particles with effective diameters less than 25 mum, which provide a mechanism for the high-quality optical displays to be generated within wave clouds at high altitudes with temperatures below -36degrees to -38 degreesC. In fact, these quasi-spherical ice particles maybe commonly associated with mountain wave clouds, thus suggesting that this type of ice particle may regularly produce coronas and iridescence.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 43
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 10
BP 1373
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-10-1373
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734TG
UT WOS:000186073600014
ER
PT J
AU Pasch, RJ
Stewart, SR
Brown, DP
AF Pasch, RJ
Stewart, SR
Brown, DP
TI Comments on "Early detection of tropical cyclones using SeaWinds-derived
vorticity"
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Pasch, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NR 3
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 10
BP 1415
EP 1416
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-10-1415
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734TG
UT WOS:000186073600016
ER
PT J
AU Dotson, RC
Charter, RL
AF Dotson, RC
Charter, RL
TI Trends in the Southern California sport fishery
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIGHT
AB We constructed a database for the Southern California commercial passenger fishing vessel (CPFV) fleet for the years 1959-1998 using the daily fish reports from the Los Angeles Times. This database includes information on number of fish caught by species, landing port, landing date, and number of anglers. Comparison of this database to the logbook database maintained by the California Department of Fish and Game shows high correlation.
Angler effort has been consistent throughout the time series at about 620,000 passengers per year. The annual fish catch averaged 4.25 million fish from 1963 to 1991 but has declined since 1992 to 2.5 million fish in 1998. The data show a decided decline in the CPFV catch of rockfish species since the early 1980s; a possible consequence of this decline appears to be a shift in effort toward less utilized species over the past decade, most notably ocean whitefish, California scorpionfish, cabezon, and more recently sanddabs.
The CPFV fishery not only provides a recreational opportunity to residents and visitors to southern California but also contributes to local economies. This fleet's catches, combined with those of private recreational anglers, are substantial enough to impact fish populations, particularly in regional areas. The database, which will be available on the NOAA-NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center Web site and updated regularly, provides a means of monitoring fisheries trends in real time.
C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Dotson, RC (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 44
BP 94
EP 106
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 753TR
UT WOS:000187247100004
ER
PT J
AU Norton, JG
Mason, JE
AF Norton, JG
Mason, JE
TI Environmental influences on species composition of the commercial
harvest of finfish and invertebrates off California
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; SAMPLING ERRORS; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE;
SEA; TEMPERATURE; ANOMALIES; COAST
AB California commercial finfish and invertebrate landings from catches made in waters off California were examined to evaluate the relationship of fluctuations in species composition to environmental influences during 1930-2000. We considered empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on log(e)-transformed annual weight for species and species groups. We developed ocean process indexes by accumulating monthly anomalies of central California sea surface temperature (SST) and southward wind stress (SWS), SST from La Jolla, California, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Time variation of the first EOF, which explains more than 25% of the variance, is significantly correlated with the LaJolla SST and the PDO indexes. Time variation of the second EOF, which accounts for 20% of the variance, is significantly correlated with the SWS index, and its variability is similar to concurrent ecosystem changes. Individual landings series were not adjusted for fishing effort, so we estimated annual effort using the number of boats in the fishery as a proxy. Correlation of the species composition to the effort proxy and to inflation-adjusted total ex-vessel value indicates that fishery factors have acted together with environmental events and fisheries management regulations to produce nearly continuous change in the species composition of commercial finfish and invertebrate landings from 1930 to 2000.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Norton, JG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
EM jnorton@pfeg.noaa.gov
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 10
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 44
BP 123
EP 133
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 753TR
UT WOS:000187247100006
ER
PT J
AU Reiss, CS
McLaren, IA
Avendano, P
AF Reiss, CS
McLaren, IA
Avendano, P
TI Horizontal and vertical distribution patterns, retention rates, and
population dynamics of zooplankton on Western Bank, Scotian Shelf
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARVAL FISH TRANSPORT; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES BANK;
CENTROPAGES-TYPICUS; CALANOID COPEPODS; PSEUDOCALANUS SP; MARINE
COPEPODS; NOVA-SCOTIA; LIFE-CYCLES; CIRCULATION
AB We assess the importance of retention rates and local production to the concentration of zooplankton on Western Bank, Scotian Shelf, during September and October 1998. We do so using (i) particle retention rates derived from an array of 25 current meters and inferences from hydrographic structure; (ii) observations on the horizontal and vertical distribution of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton; and (iii) a simple projection-matrix model of the population dynamics of two copepod species, Centropages typicus and Pseudocalanus spp. Zooplankton biomass and adult stages of copepods were more abundant in surface waters on the bank (p < 0.05) at broad (25 km) spatial scales. Zooplankton was correlated with ichthyoplankton abundance at this scale (r > 0.5, p < 0.001), a result of local production of both zooplankton and fish on the bank. The time-dependent anticyclonic circulation around Western Bank was variable, and particle retention rates were 18 and 33% for 20 days at 12.5 and 28.5 m, respectively. The population model showed that both C. typicus and Pseudocalanus spp. are capable of increasing their population size despite advective loss and mortality rates approaching 10%.day(-1). We conclude that local production exceeding advective loss rates can explain the high concentrations of zooplankton on Western Bank.
C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
RP Reiss, CS (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 48
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 10
BP 1229
EP 1244
DI 10.1139/F03-106
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 743LN
UT WOS:000186573400005
ER
PT J
AU Aeby, GS
Kenyon, JC
Maragos, JE
Potts, DC
AF Aeby, GS
Kenyon, JC
Maragos, JE
Potts, DC
TI First record of mass coral bleaching in the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF
C1 Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Aquat Resources, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, Coral Reef Ecosyst Invest Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Remote Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Aquat Resources, 1151 Punchbowl St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
NR 4
TC 13
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 13
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 22
IS 3
BP 256
EP 256
DI 10.1007/s00338-003-0309-2
PG 1
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 727YK
UT WOS:000185688300008
ER
PT J
AU Friedlander, AM
Brown, EK
Jokiel, PL
Smith, WR
Rodgers, KS
AF Friedlander, AM
Brown, EK
Jokiel, PL
Smith, WR
Rodgers, KS
TI Effects of habitat, wave exposure, and marine protected area status on
coral reef fish assemblages in the Hawaiian archipelago
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE reef fish assemblages; marine protected areas; essential fish habitat;
Hawaiian archipelago; community-based management
ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; KANEOHE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RESERVES;
POPULATIONS; BIOMASS; SIZE; COMPLEXITY; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACT
AB The relationships between fish assemblages, their associated habitat, and degree of protection from fishing were evaluated over a broad spatial scale throughout the main Hawaiian islands. Most fish assemblage characteristics showed positive responses to protection whether it was physical (e.g. habitat complexity), biological (e.g. coral cover growth forms), or human-induced (e.g. marine reserves). Fish biomass was lowest in areas of direct wave exposure and highest in areas partially sheltered from swells. Higher values for fish species richness, number of individuals, biomass, and diversity were observed in locations with higher substrate complexity. Areas completely protected from fishing had distinct fish assemblages with higher standing stock and diversity than areas where fishing was permitted or areas that were partially protected from fishing. Locations influenced by customary stewardship harbored fish biomass that was equal to or greater than that of no-take protected areas. Marine protected areas in the main Hawaiian islands with high habitat complexity, moderate wave disturbance, a high percentage of branching and/or lobate coral coupled with legal protection from fishing pressure had higher values for most fish assemblage characteristics.
C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Biogeog Program, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment & Monitoring Program, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Biogeog Program, Makapuu Point,41-202 Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
NR 70
TC 128
Z9 135
U1 8
U2 45
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 22
IS 3
BP 291
EP 305
DI 10.1007/s00338-003-0317-2
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 727YK
UT WOS:000185688300011
ER
PT J
AU Josell, D
Wheeler, D
Witt, C
Moffat, TP
AF Josell, D
Wheeler, D
Witt, C
Moffat, TP
TI Seedless superfill: Copper electrodeposition in trenches with ruthenium
barriers
SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; LAYER;
CU; INTERCONNECTS; RU(0001); TAN
AB Superfilling of fine trenches by direct copper electrodeposition onto a ruthenium barrier is demonstrated. The ruthenium layer, as well as an adhesion promoting titanium or tantalum layer, was deposited by physical vapor deposition onto patterned silicon dioxide. Copper was deposited from an electrolyte previously shown to yield superconformal feature filling on copper seeded features. The single-step deposition process offers significant processing advantages over conventional damascene processing. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Int Sematech, Austin, TX 78741 USA.
RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009
OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418
NR 24
TC 112
Z9 112
U1 3
U2 18
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 1099-0062
J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST
JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 6
IS 10
BP C143
EP C145
DI 10.1149/1.1605271
PG 3
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 716BA
UT WOS:000185007900009
ER
PT J
AU Rechisky, EL
Wetherbee, BM
AF Rechisky, EL
Wetherbee, BM
TI Short-term movements of juvenile and neonate sandbar sharks,
Carcharhinus plumbeus, on their nursery grounds in Delaware Bay
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic telemetry; home range; site attachment; movement patterns;
essential fish habitat
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; HOME-RANGE; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; GROWTH; PATTERNS;
GULF; AGE
AB We investigated short-term movements of neonate and juvenile sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, on their nursery grounds in Delaware Bay. The majority of sharks tracked limited their movements to water less than 5 m deep, remained within 5 km of the coastline, and occupied oblong activity spaces along the coast. In addition to site-attached coastal movements observed, several sharks moved entirely across Delaware Bay or spent considerable time in deeper portions of the central bay. Sharks tracked on the New Jersey side of the bay tended to spend more time in deeper water, farther from shore than sharks tracked on the Delaware side. Observation-area curves estimated that optimal tracking time for sandbar sharks in Delaware Bay was 41 h. Indices of site attachment showed that movement patterns of tracked sandbar sharks varied from nomadic to home ranging. There was no significant difference in rate of movement for day/night, crepuscular periods, or between juveniles and neonates. In general, young sandbar sharks patrolled the coast and appeared to be site attached to some extent, but were capable of making longer excursions, including movement entirely across Delaware Bay.
C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
NOAA NMFS NEFSC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Rechisky, EL (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
NR 40
TC 41
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 9
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 2
BP 113
EP 128
DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000003820.62411.cb
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 744CK
UT WOS:000186610200002
ER
PT J
AU Woofter, R
Dechraoui, MYB
Garthwaite, I
Towers, NR
Gordon, CJ
Cordova, J
Ramsdell, JS
AF Woofter, R
Dechraoui, MYB
Garthwaite, I
Towers, NR
Gordon, CJ
Cordova, J
Ramsdell, JS
TI Measurement of brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection
cards after acute, long-term, and low-dose exposure in mice
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE blood; brevetoxin; radioimmunoassay
ID RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; NEW-ZEALAND; CHATTONELLA-MARINA; GREENSHELL
MUSSELS; PERNA-CANALICULUS; TOXINS; ELIMINATION; NEUROTOXINS;
ANTIBODIES; ORGANISM
AB We developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a sheep anti-brevetoxin antiserum to evaluate detection of brevetoxin on blood collection cards from mice treated with the brevetoxin congener PbTx-3. The RIA has high affinity for PbTx-3 [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) SE = 1.2 +/- 0.2 nM; n = 10] and recognizes both type I and type 2 brevetoxins, but not ciguatoxin. Direct comparison of the RIA with a radiolabeled [H-3]-PbTx-3 receptor-binding assay (RBA) revealed excellent sensitivity, congener selectivity, and minimal interference from blood matrix. We first analyzed blood samples from an acute time course exposure, using a maximal nonlethal dose [180 mug/kg body weight (bw)] for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hr. Mean blood brevetoxin levels were 36 nM at 30 min and stayed above 20 nM during the 1-4 hr time points. We next analyzed blood brevetoxin levels after longer exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7 days). Mean blood brevetoxin levels were 26.0 nM at 0.5 days, decreased to 8.2 nM at 1.0 day, and maintained a significant level (p < 0.05) of 1.3 nM at day 2. We next determined the lowest measurable dose using increasing concentrations of PbTx-3 (10-300 mug/kg bw). Analysis of the blood samples at 60 min revealed a linear relationship between administered and internal doses (r(2) = 0.993). AN doses of brevetoxin administered were detectable at 1 hr, with significant levels found for the lowest administered dose of 10 mug/kg bw-a dose that was 10-fold lower than the lowest observable effect level. This RIA provides an optimal first-tier detection of brevetoxin from blood collection cards and, used in combination with the RBA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, should provide a complete panel of methods to biomonitor brevetoxin exposure.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program,Coastal Res Branch, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
AgRes Ruakura, Food Sci, Toxinol, Hamilton, New Zealand.
US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Fdn Ciencias Vida, Santiago, Chile.
RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program,Coastal Res Branch, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov
NR 38
TC 32
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 4
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 111
IS 13
BP 1595
EP 1600
DI 10.1289/ehp.6166
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 732JU
UT WOS:000185940800024
PM 14527838
ER
PT J
AU Neilson, MA
Painter, DS
Warren, G
Hites, RA
Basu, I
Weseloh, DVC
Whittle, DM
Christie, G
Barbiero, R
Tuchman, M
Johansson, OE
Nalepa, TF
Edsall, TA
Fleischer, G
Bronte, C
Smith, SB
Baumann, PC
AF Neilson, MA
Painter, DS
Warren, G
Hites, RA
Basu, I
Weseloh, DVC
Whittle, DM
Christie, G
Barbiero, R
Tuchman, M
Johansson, OE
Nalepa, TF
Edsall, TA
Fleischer, G
Bronte, C
Smith, SB
Baumann, PC
TI Ecological monitoring for assessing the state of the nearshore and
openwaters of the Great Lakes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE coordination; ecosystem; Great Lakes; indicators; monitoring
ID FOOD-WEB; ERIE; CONTAMINANTS; DREISSENA; DYNAMICS; WATERS; CONGENERS;
MICHIGAN
AB The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement stipulates that the Governments of Canada and the United States are responsible for restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. Due to varying mandates and areas of expertise, monitoring to assess progress towards this objective is conducted by a multitude of Canadian and U. S. federal and provincial/state agencies, in cooperation with academia and regional authorities. This paper highlights selected long-term monitoring programs and discusses a number of documented ecological changes that indicate the present state of the open and nearshore waters of the Great Lakes.
C1 Environm Canada, Environm Conservat Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL USA.
Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA.
Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Saline, MI USA.
Dyncorp, I & ET, Alexandria, VA USA.
Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON, Canada.
Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay, WI USA.
US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbus, OH USA.
RP Neilson, MA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Environm Conservat Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
NR 30
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 13
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD OCT-NOV
PY 2003
VL 88
IS 1-3
BP 103
EP 117
DI 10.1023/A:1025500619900
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 717QL
UT WOS:000185100800005
PM 14570412
ER
PT J
AU Baldwin, DH
Sandahl, JF
Labenia, JS
Scholz, NL
AF Baldwin, DH
Sandahl, JF
Labenia, JS
Scholz, NL
TI Sublethal effects of copper on coho salmon: Impacts on nonoverlapping
receptor pathways in the peripheral olfactory nervous system
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE salmon; Oncorhynchus kisutch; copper; olfaction; biotic ligand model
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON;
SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ARCTIC CHAR; SALAR L; TSHAWYTSCHA; RESPONSES; WATER;
EOG
AB The sublethal effects of copper on the sensory physiology of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were evaluated. In vivo field potential recordings from the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfactograms) were used to measure the impacts of copper on the responses of olfactory receptor neurons to natural odorants (L.-serine and taurocholic acid) and an odorant mixture (L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-serine) over a range of stimulus concentrations. Increases in copper impaired the neurophysiological response to all odorants within 10 min of exposure. The inhibitory effects of copper (1.0-20.0 mug/L) were dose-dependent and they were not influenced by water hardness. Toxicity thresholds for the different receptor pathways were determined by using the benchmark dose method and found to be similar (a 2.3-3.0 mug/L increase in total dissolved copper over background). Collectively, examination of these data indicates that copper is broadly toxic to the salmon olfactory nervous system. Consequently, short-term influxes of copper to surface waters may interfere with olfactory-mediated behaviors that are critical for the survival and migratory success of wild salmonids.
C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013
OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32ES07060]
NR 40
TC 84
Z9 88
U1 2
U2 43
PU SETAC
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 22
IS 10
BP 2266
EP 2274
DI 10.1897/02-428
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 727CW
UT WOS:000185639700010
PM 14551988
ER
PT J
AU Tester, PA
Varnam, SM
Culver, ME
Eslinger, DL
Stumpf, RP
Swift, RN
Yungel, JK
Black, MD
Litaker, RW
AF Tester, PA
Varnam, SM
Culver, ME
Eslinger, DL
Stumpf, RP
Swift, RN
Yungel, JK
Black, MD
Litaker, RW
TI Airborne detection of ecosystem responses to an extreme event:
Phytoplankton displacement and abundance after hurricane induced
flooding in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; INTENSE ATLANTIC HURRICANES; DISSOLVED
ORGANIC-MATTER; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; LAGOONAL
ESTUARY; BLOOM; FLUORESCENCE; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE
AB Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide changes in the distribution and concentration of chlorophyll biomass and colored dissolved organic matter in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North Carolina, U.S., following massive flooding caused by a series of three hurricanes in the late summer of 1999. These high-resolution data provided a significantly more detailed representation of the overall changes occurring in the system than could have been achieved by synoptic sampling from any other platform. The response time for the distribution of chlorophyll biomass to resume pre-flood conditions was used as a measure of ecosystem stability. Chlorophyll biomass patterns were reestablished within four mo of the flooding, whereas higher chlorophyll a biomass concentrations persisted for approximately 6 mo. The primary trophic level in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system returned to equilibrium in less than a year of a major perturbation.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, EG&G, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM pat.tester@noaa.gov
RI Black, Megan/G-6410-2016;
OI Black, Megan/0000-0001-5511-1419
NR 43
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION
PI PORT REPUBLIC
PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 26
IS 5
BP 1353
EP 1364
DI 10.1007/BF02803637
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 756JY
UT WOS:000187463000013
ER
PT J
AU Davis, WD
Cleary, T
Donnelly, M
Hellerman, S
AF Davis, WD
Cleary, T
Donnelly, M
Hellerman, S
TI Using sensor signals to analyze fires
SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ceiling jets; fire detectors; experiments; fire models; fire hazards;
flashover
ID DIFFUSION FLAMES
AB Building fire sensors are capable of supplying substantially more information to the fire service than just the simple detection of a possible fire. Nelson, in 1984, recognized the importance of tying all the building sensors to a smart fire panel [1]. In order to accomplish a smart fire panel configuration such as envisioned by Nelson, algorithms must be developed that convert the analog/digital signals received from sensors to the heat release rate (HRR) of the fire. Once the HRR of the fire is known, a multiroom zone fire model can be used to determine smoke layers and temperatures in the other rooms of the building. This information can then be sent to the fire service providing it with an approximate overview of the fire scenario in the building.
This paper will describe a ceiling jet algorithm that is being developed to predict the heat release rate (HRR) of a fire using signals from smoke and gas sensors. The prediction of this algorithm will be compared with experiments. In addition, an example of the predictions from a sensor-driven fire model, SDFM, using signals from heat sensors, will be compared with measurements from a full-scale, two-story, flashover townhouse fire.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Davis, WD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0015-2684
J9 FIRE TECHNOL
JI Fire Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 39
IS 4
BP 295
EP 308
DI 10.1023/A:1025322015802
PG 14
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 713EV
UT WOS:000184844700003
ER
PT J
AU Govoni, JJ
Laban, EH
Hare, JA
AF Govoni, JJ
Laban, EH
Hare, JA
TI The early life history of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the western
North Atlantic
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; DNA CONTROL REGION; GULF-OF-MEXICO;
MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS;
AGE-DETERMINATION; LARVAL SWORDFISH; GROWTH; FLORIDA
AB Lengths and ages of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) estimated from increments on otoliths of larvae collected in the Caribbean Sea, Florida Straits, and off the southeastern United States, indicated two growth phases. Larvae complete yolk and oil globule absorption 5 to 6 days after hatching (DAH). Larvae <13 min preserve standard length (PSL) grow slowly (similar to0.3 mm/d); larvae from 13 to 115 min PSL grow rapidly (similar to6 mm/d). The acceleration in growth rate at 13 days follows an abrupt (within 3 days) change in diet, and in jaw and alimentary canal structure. The diet of swordfish larvae is limited. Larvae <8 mm PSL from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and off the southeastern United States eat exclusively copepods, primarily of one genus, Corycaeus. Larvae 9 to 11 mm eat copepods and chaetognaths; larvae >11 mm eat exclusively neustonic fish larvae. This diet indicates that young larvae <11 mm occupy the near-surface pelagia, whereas, older and longer larvae are neustonic. Spawning dates for larvae collected in various regions of the western North Atlantic, along with the abundance and spatial distribution of the youngest larvae, indicate that spawning peaks in three seasons and in five regions. Swordfish spawn in the Caribbean Sea, or possibly to the east, in winter, and in the western Gulf of Mexico in spring. Elsewhere swordfish spawn year-round, but spawning peaks in the spring in the north-central Gulf of Mexico, in the summer off southern Florida, and in the spring and early summer off the southeastern United States. The western Gulf Stream frontal zone is the focus of spawning off the southeastern coast of the United States, whereas spawning in the Gulf of Mexico seems to be focused in the vicinity of the Gulf Loop Current. Larvae may use the Gulf of Mexico and the outer continental shelf off the east coast of the United States as nursery areas. Some larvae may be transported northward, but trans-Atlantic transport of larvae is unlikely.
C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
NR 76
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 9
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 101
IS 4
BP 778
EP 789
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 746FE
UT WOS:000186735700007
ER
PT J
AU Laidig, TE
Pearson, DE
Sinclair, LL
AF Laidig, TE
Pearson, DE
Sinclair, LL
TI Age and growth of blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) from central and
northern California
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; CANARY ROCKFISH; MORTALITY; VALIDATION; DIPLOPROA;
PRECISION; PINNIGER; FLAVIDUS; OTOLITHS; OREGON
AB Otoliths from blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus), were aged by using a combination of surface and break-and-burn methods. The samples were collected between 1978 and 1998 off central and northern California. Annual growth increments in the otoliths were validated by using edge analysis for females up to age 23 and for males to age 25. The first annual growth increment was identified by comparing the diameter of the otolith from fish known to be one year old collected in May (when translucent zone formation was completed) to the mean diameter of the first translucent zone in the otoliths from older fish. Our estimated maximum ages of 44 years for males and 41 years for females were much older than those reported in previous studies. Von Bertalanffy growth models were developed for each sex. Females grew faster and reached larger maximum length than males. The growth models were similar to those generated in other studies of this species in southern and central California. Fish from northern and central California had similar maximum sizes, maximum ages, an growth model parameters.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov
NR 38
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 7
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
EI 1937-4518
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 101
IS 4
BP 800
EP 808
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 746FE
UT WOS:000186735700009
ER
PT J
AU Fulling, GL
Mullin, KD
Hubard, CW
AF Fulling, GL
Mullin, KD
Hubard, CW
TI Abundance and distribution of cetaceans in outer continental shelf
waters of the US Gulf of Mexico
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; DOLPHIN; AERIAL
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
RP Fulling, GL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
NR 35
TC 18
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 101
IS 4
BP 923
EP 932
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 746FE
UT WOS:000186735700020
ER
PT J
AU Kerstetter, DW
Luckhurst, BE
Prince, ED
Graves, JE
AF Kerstetter, DW
Luckhurst, BE
Prince, ED
Graves, JE
TI Use of pop-up satellite archival tags to demonstrate survival of blue
marlin (Makaira nigricans) released from pelagic longline gear
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; SPORTFISHING GEAR; TELEMETRY; TUNA; ATLANTIC;
TRACKING; CAUGHT; DEPTH; FISH
C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
Dept Agr & Fisheries, Div Fisheries, Crawl CRBX, Bermuda.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33146 USA.
RP Kerstetter, DW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Rt 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
NR 27
TC 48
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 8
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 101
IS 4
BP 939
EP 948
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 746FE
UT WOS:000186735700022
ER
PT J
AU Cavaletto, JF
Nalepa, TF
Fanslow, DL
Schloesser, DW
AF Cavaletto, JF
Nalepa, TF
Fanslow, DL
Schloesser, DW
TI Temporal variation of energy reserves in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.)
from Lake St Clair and western Lake Erie
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE benthic food sources; glycogen; Great Lakes macroinvertebrates;
Hexagenia spp.; lipid
ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GREAT-LAKES; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE;
TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; RECOVERY; LIMBATA; INSECTS; GROWTH
AB 1. We analysed changes in energy reserves ( lipid and glycogen) and length - weight relationships of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in 1997 - 99 to compare an established population in Lake St Clair with a recovering population in western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. In addition, we measured changes in water temperature and potential food in both water columns and sediments.
2. Although overall mean values of lipid and glycogen levels of Hexagenia nymphs from Lake St Clair and western Lake Erie were not significantly different, there were differences in seasonal patterns between the two lakes. In Lake St Clair, levels were highest in early spring, declined throughout the year, and reached their lowest levels in fall during all 3 years of study. In contrast, levels in western Lake Erie were lower in spring, increased to a maximum in summer, then declined in fall. Seasonal patterns in length - weight relationships were similar to those for lipid and glycogen.
3. Total lipid as a percentage of dry weight did not increase with developmental stage of nymphs until just prior to metamorphosis and emergence from water. However, the major reserve lipid, triacylglycerols, increased systematically with development stage. In the final stage of development, triacylglycerols declined, probably as a result of energy consumption and its conversion to other biochemical components for metamorphosis and reproduction.
4. Indicators of potential food ( algal fluorescence in the water column and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a/phaeophytin ratio in sediments) suggest that Hexagenia in Lake St Clair have a food source that is benthic based, especially in early spring, whereas in western Lake Erie nymphs have a food source that is water column based and settles to the lake bottom during late spring and summer.
C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Cavaletto, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
NR 46
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 8
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 48
IS 10
BP 1726
EP 1738
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01119.x
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 721ZG
UT WOS:000185347900002
ER
PT J
AU Healy, WM
Lutz, JD
Lekov, AB
AF Healy, WM
Lutz, JD
Lekov, AB
TI Variability in energy factor test results for residential electric water
heaters
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Recent modifications to the minimum energy efficiency requirements for residential water heaters have spurred an investigation into the variability in testing high-efficiency electric water heaters. nile initial interlaboratory comparisons showed excellent agreement between test results from different labs, subsequent interlaboratory comparisons show differences between measured energy factors of up to 0.040. To determine the source of these differences, analyses of various parts of the test procedure are performed For one case studied, the uncertainty in test results can be as high as +/-0.028 if instrument accuracies reach the minimum level allowed in the test procedure. Other areas of the test procedure where variability is introduced are the optional use of pre-draws, the location of the lower tank temperature-measuring device, the use of insulation on tank fittings, and the use of a warm-up period before the simulated-use test commences. The implications of these issues on test results are discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Engn Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Healy, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 9
IS 4
BP 435
EP 449
DI 10.1080/10789669.2003.10391079
PG 15
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 754NX
UT WOS:000187324200005
ER
PT J
AU Link, JS
Demarest, C
AF Link, JS
Demarest, C
TI Trawl hangs, baby fish, and closed areas: a win-win scenario
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE benthic ecology; cod; fisheries management; gear effects and efficiency;
haddock; Marine Protected Areas; NW Atlantic; sea raven
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; GEORGES-BANK; MARINE RESERVES; JUVENILE
COD; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; SETTLEMENT; TELEMETRY; MIGRATION
AB The frequency and geographic distribution of trawlnet hangs from a fishery-independent survey are evaluated. The hangs data were plotted on a substratum map to confirm that many, but not all, were naturally occurring, high relief substrata. The data were also coupled with the occurrence of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) to assess the degree of association between juvenile gadoids and high relief substrata. The average minimal distance from a fish occurrence to a hang ranged from 8.1 to 12.0 km (4.4-6.5 nautical miles), well within the reported daily range of movement for these fish. A similar pattern was detected for the sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), a predator of juvenile gadoids, confirming the location of these microhabitat foodwebs. On average, closing an area 3.7 km (2 nautical miles) around a hang will enclose 17-30% of the populations of these juvenile fish; a wider buffer (18-28 km; 10-15 nautical miles) will close a linearly increasing portion of the populations. Additionally, closing areas surrounding the hangs, particularly regions of high hang density, will help to minimize losses of or damage to fishing gear. We propose a win-win scenario by establishing or evaluating closed areas in regions with high concentrations of known hangs. This approach is widely applicable for many marine ecosystems and may help to achieve simultaneous conservation and resource management goals, whereby one can both protect pre-recruit fish and enhance the effectiveness of a fishery. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
New England Fishery Management Council, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 5
BP 930
EP 938
DI 10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00131-0
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 723JA
UT WOS:000185428200002
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, CL
Kuester, EF
Baker-Jarvis, J
Kabos, P
AF Holloway, CL
Kuester, EF
Baker-Jarvis, J
Kabos, P
TI A double negative (DNG) composite medium composed of magnetodielectric
spherical particles embedded in a matrix
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE composite medium; double negative; left-handed; metamaterial; spherical
particles
ID LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIAL; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; PHOTONIC BAND-GAP;
DIELECTRIC COMPOSITES; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; GROUP-VELOCITY;
PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; PARAMETERS; CONDUCTIVITY
AB We study a composite medium consisting of insulating magnetodielectric spherical particles embedded in a background matrix. Using results from the literature going back as far as Lewin (1947), we show that the effective permeability and permittivity of the mixture can be simultaneously negative for wavelengths where the spherical inclusions are resonant and that the medium results in an effective "double negative (DNG) media." Materials of this type are also called negative-index materials, backward media (BW), and left-handed materials. This type of material belongs to a more general class of metamaterials. The theoretical results presented here show that composite media having much simpler structure than those recently reported in the literature can exhibit negative permeability and permittivity over significant bandwidths.
C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov
NR 59
TC 237
Z9 243
U1 3
U2 34
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-926X
EI 1558-2221
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2596
EP 2603
DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.817563
PN 1
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 731AC
UT WOS:000185861500007
ER
PT J
AU Kuester, EF
Mohamed, MA
Piket-May, M
Holloway, CL
AF Kuester, EF
Mohamed, MA
Piket-May, M
Holloway, CL
TI Averaged transition conditions for electromagnetic fields at a metafilm
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE metafilm; metamaterial; polarizability density; smart controllable
surface; transition boundary condition (GSTC)
ID THIN ISLAND FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; STATISTICAL-THEORY; LAYER; PARTICLES; DERIVATION;
SUBSTRATE; SYSTEMS
AB This paper derives generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for the average electromagnetic fields across a surface distribution of electrically small scatterers characterized by electric and magnetic polarization densities. We call such an arrangement of scatterers a metafilm-the two-dimensional (2-D) equivalent of a metamaterial. The derivation is based on a replacement of the discrete distribution of scatterers by a continuous one, resulting in a continuous distribution of electric and magnetic polarization densities in the surface. This is done in a manner analogous to the Clausius-Mossotti-Lorenz-Lorentz procedure for determining the dielectric constant of a volume distribution of small scatterers. The result contains as special cases many particular ones found throughout the literature. The GSTCs are expected to have wide application to the design and analysis of antennas, reflectors, and other devices where controllable scatterers are used to form a "smart" surface.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kuester, EF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 44
TC 151
Z9 153
U1 6
U2 34
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2641
EP 2651
DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.817560
PN 1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 731AC
UT WOS:000185861500012
ER
PT J
AU Tatarskii, VI
AF Tatarskii, VI
TI Theory of single scattering by random distributed scatterers
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE distributed scattering; random media; scattering
AB We show that the Fraunhofer diffraction approximation can never be used in the theory of scattering by distributed scatterer (such as turbulence) in the far zone of antenna. We consider the single scattering of waves in a medium containing weak refractive index inhomogeneities using a Fresnel diffraction approximation. We do not introduce scattering volume but consider a transmitting antenna with a Gaussian distribution of current and a receiving antenna with a Gaussian distribution of attenuation across the aperture. The results obtained are valid both in the near and far zones of the antenna. The known contradiction between the applicability of the Fraunhofer diffraction approach and the size of the scattering volume formed by intersection of directivity diagrams is resolved. Similar to the far zone approach, the scattering intensity obtained is proportional to the Bragg component of the inhomogeneities that are averaged in Fourier space using some specific weighting function, depending on antenna size and pulse duration. The concept of a scattering cross section cannot be used for this problem and another more flexible normalization is suggested.
C1 NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tatarskii, VI (reprint author), NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 5
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2806
EP 2813
DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.817980
PN 2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 731AE
UT WOS:000185861700007
ER
PT J
AU Coakley, KJ
Wang, CM
Hale, PD
Clement, TS
AF Coakley, KJ
Wang, CM
Hale, PD
Clement, TS
TI Adaptive characterization of jitter noise in sampled high-speed signals
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive; bias-correction; bootstrap; derivative estimation; high-speed;
jitter; optoelectronics; regression spline
ID TIMING JITTER; DISTORTION; OSCILLOSCOPES
AB We estimate the root-mean-square (RMS) value of timing jitter noise in simulated signals similar to measured highspeed sampled signals. The simulated signals are contaminated by additive noise, timing jitter noise, and time shift errors. Before estimating the RMS value of the jitter noise, we align the signals (unless there are no time shift errors) based on estimates of the relative shifts from cross-correlation analysis. We compute the mean and sample variance of the aligned signals based on repeated measurements at each time sample. We estimate the derivative of the noise-free signal based, in part, on a regression spline fit to the average of the aligned signals. Our initial estimate of the RMS value of the jitter noise depends on estimated derivatives and sample variances at time samples where the magnitude of the estimated derivative exceeds a selected threshold. This initial estimate is generally biased. Using a parametric bootstrap approach, we adaptively adjust this initial estimate of the RMS value of the jitter noise based on an estimate of this bias. We apply our method to real data collected at NIST. We study how results depend on the derivative threshold.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Clement, Tracy/A-8885-2008; Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013
NR 27
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 52
IS 5
BP 1537
EP 1547
DI 10.1109/TIM.2003.817905
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 736EN
UT WOS:000186158600022
ER
PT J
AU Paulter, NG
Larson, DR
AF Paulter, NG
Larson, DR
TI Sources of uncertainty in the nose-to-nose sampler calibration method
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE impulse response; kick-out pulse; nose-to-nose (ntn) method; pulse
parameters; sampler calibration; uncertainties
ID KICK-OUT PULSES; OSCILLOSCOPE CALIBRATION
AB We analyze the nose-to-nose (ntn) method for use as an accurate sampler calibration method. The variations in the measurement of the sampler impulse response using the ntn method are presented, and the validity of the assertion that the kick-out pulse is identical to the sampler impulse response is assessed. Temperature effects on the ntn method are also examined. Finally, the impact of uncertainties in the ntn calibration method on the uncertainties in reported pulse parameters is examined.
C1 NIST, Dept Commerce, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab,Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP NIST, Dept Commerce, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab,Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 52
IS 5
BP 1618
EP 1626
DI 10.1109/TIM.2003.817902
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 736EN
UT WOS:000186158600033
ER
PT J
AU Riddle, B
Baker-Jarvis, J
Krupka, J
AF Riddle, B
Baker-Jarvis, J
Krupka, J
TI Complex permittivity measurements of common plastics over variable
temperatures (vol 51, pg 727, 2003)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Microelect & Optoelect, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Riddle, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 51
IS 10
BP 2148
EP 2148
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.817470
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 728MA
UT WOS:000185719900016
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, RA
Clark, DK
Esaias, WE
Fargion, GS
Feldman, GC
McClain, CR
AF Barnes, RA
Clark, DK
Esaias, WE
Fargion, GS
Feldman, GC
McClain, CR
TI Development of a consistent multi-sensor global ocean colour time series
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Geospatial Knowledge Processing for Natural
Resource Management
CY JUN, 2001
CL VARESE, ITALY
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC
CORRECTION; TEMPERATURE SCANNER; CALIBRATION; SEAWIFS; CHLOROPHYLL;
ABSORPTION; INVERSION; RETRIEVAL
AB The advent of a new generation of space-borne ocean colour sensors brings the prospect of global ocean measurements for decades into the future. These measurements will provide the basis for characterizing variability in the structure of the ocean's phytoplanktonic communities and the response of those communities to climatic change. In addition, the measurements will allow development of the scientific basis necessary to manage the sustainable resources of marine ecosystems. These studies will require a merged, long-term, multi-satellite ocean colour time series extending beyond the operational lifetimes of individual instruments. The Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project has been tasked to develop the tools required to create this time series. Among these tools are a comprehensive in situ (field collected) bio-optical dataset for validating ocean optics algorithms and associated models of oceanic properties; a programme to evaluate different atmospheric correction techniques; a programme to link the calibrations of individual satellite instruments; a programme to develop consistent calibration and validation datasets for satellite instruments; and a set of alternate methods to combine ocean colour measurements from different sources into a single time series. We report on the progress of this development work by the SIMBIOS Project.
C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NASA, SIMBIOS Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NASA, Oceans & Ice Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NASA, SeaWiFS Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NASA, Off Global Carbon Studies, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Barnes, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
NR 58
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 20
BP 4047
EP 4064
DI 10.1080/0143116031000103862
PG 18
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 730HE
UT WOS:000185823000012
ER
PT J
AU Ono, Y
Zimmerman, NM
Yamazaki, K
Takahashi, Y
AF Ono, Y
Zimmerman, NM
Yamazaki, K
Takahashi, Y
TI Turnstile operation using a silicon dual-gate single-electron transistor
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE single-electron turnstile; single-electron transistor;
silicon-on-insulator; nanotechnology; current standard
ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; QUANTUM-DOT; TRANSPORT; CHARGE; BARRIERS;
VOLTAGE; DEVICE; PUMP
AB A single-electron turnstile has been demonstrated using a silicon-based dual-gate single-electron transistor (SET). Each gate independently controls the closing and opening of the channel acting as the SET lead, which enables single-electron transfer synchronized with ac gate biases. By applying ac biases to the dual gates with a frequency f of similar to1 MHz and a phase shift of pi, current staircases quantized in units of ef are observed in drain current vs drain voltage characteristics at 25 K.
C1 NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ono, Y (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
RI Ono, Yukinori/D-4741-2011; Yamazaki, Kenji/F-7846-2011; Takahashi,
Yasuo/H-4799-2011
OI Yamazaki, Kenji/0000-0001-5469-0463;
NR 19
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS
PI TOKYO
PA TOYOKAIJI BLDG NO. 12, 6-9-6 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett.
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10A
BP L1109
EP L1111
DI 10.1143/JJAP.42.L1109
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 749UV
UT WOS:000186948000001
ER
PT J
AU Roytburd, AL
Slutsker, J
AF Roytburd, AL
Slutsker, J
TI Martensitic transformations in constrained films
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID SOLIDS
AB The evolution of martensitic microstructure and stress in a constrained film coupled with a substrate under cooling and heating is considered. Thermodynamic analysis has done using the special phase diagrams constructed in coordinates temperature-film/ substrate misfit.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Roytburd, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 37
EP 40
DI 10.1051/jp4:2003837
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EG
UT WOS:000186503200006
ER
PT J
AU Slutsker, J
Arternev, A
Roytburd, AL
AF Slutsker, J
Arternev, A
Roytburd, AL
TI Modeling of martensitic transformation in adaptive composites
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID PHASE FIELD MODEL; POLYDOMAIN HETEROSTRUCTURES; THERMODYNAMICS; FILMS
AB The formation of elastic domains in transforming constrained films is a mechanism of relaxation of internal stresses caused by the misfit between a film and a substrate. The formation and evolution of polydomain microstructure as a result of the cubic-tetragonal transformation in a constrained layer are investigated by phase-field simulation. It has been shown that the three-domain hierarchical structure can be formed in the epitaxial films. With changing a fraction of out-of-plane domain there are two types of morphological transitions: from the three-domain structure to the two-domain one and from the hierarchical three-domain structure to the cellular three-domain structure. The results of the phase-field simulation are compared with available experimental data.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 115
EP 118
DI 10.1051/jp4:2003846
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EG
UT WOS:000186503200015
ER
PT J
AU Ledbetter, H
Dunn, M
AF Ledbetter, H
Dunn, M
TI Martensite crystallography and elastic-stiffness coefficients
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID ACCOMMODATION STRAINS; DILATATION PARAMETER; ALLOYS
AB We considered the effect of the elastic-stiffness coefficients on the martensite crystallographic features, especially the habit plane. We approached the problem with an elastic-energy-minimization inclusion model. As shown previously, this model agrees exactly with the WLR-BM invariant-plane-strain theories when elastic stiffness is neglected and strain energy equals zero. As a first example, we considered the large-strain Fe-31Ni (fcc to bcc) transformation. Second, we considered a small-strain example: In-23Tl (fcc to fct). Finally, we considered the A 15 compound Nb3Sn (bcc to bct), which shows soft-mode behavior during cooling, where the C' = (C-11 - C-12)/2 elastic stiffness essentially vanishes, leading to a near-zero shear modulus. All three cases yielded the same result: the habit plane shows no response to elastic softening or stiffening.
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Mech Engn Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ledbetter, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 213
EP 216
DI 10.1051/jp4:2003868
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EG
UT WOS:000186503200037
ER
PT J
AU Danilkin, SA
Holzel, M
Fuess, H
Wipf, H
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Antonov, VE
Gavriljuk, VG
AF Danilkin, SA
Holzel, M
Fuess, H
Wipf, H
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Antonov, VE
Gavriljuk, VG
TI Crystal structure and lattice dynamics of hydrogen-loaded austenitic
steel
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; STAINLESS-STEELS
AB We investigated the crystal structure and hydrogen vibrations in a hydrogen-loaded AISI 310 type austenitic steel (Fe-25Cr-20Ni) by neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering. The samples with hydrogen content of H/Me = 0.43 and 0.92 were prepared in a hydrogen gas atmosphere at pressures up to 7.0 GPa. This doping procedure yields a more homogeneous hydrogen distribution within the sample than cathodic charging and allows clarifying the role of the concentration gradients and stresses on the phase transformation. Only fcc phase with increased lattice parameter was observed in both samples, however frequency spectra show a modification of the broad peak into two components at higher H content.
C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
Inst Phys Met, Kiev 252142, Ukraine.
RP Danilkin, SA (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
RI Danilkin, Sergey/L-9419-2013
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 407
EP 410
DI 10.1051/jp4:2003912
PN 1
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EG
UT WOS:000186503200081
ER
PT J
AU Kishi, Y
De Graef, M
Craciunescu, C
Lograsso, TA
Neumann, DA
Wuttig, M
AF Kishi, Y
De Graef, M
Craciunescu, C
Lograsso, TA
Neumann, DA
Wuttig, M
TI Microstructures and transformation behavior of CoNiGa ferromagnetic
shape memory alloys
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEM; GA
AB TEM observations and transformation characteristics of Co2Ni1-xGa1+x ferromagnetic shape memory alloys will be presented. The dependence of the martensitic transformation start temperatures on the valance-electron atom ratio is identical to that of NiMnGa alloys. Optical microstructures show typical self-accommodated structures. The domain boundaries are straight indicating only elastic distortions in the product phase. High-density striations are observed in the TEM bright field images of the martensite-phase. Selected area electron diffraction patterns and TEM dark field images revealed that they are thin twin plates. Tweed or striated contrast is observed in the TEM bright field images of the parent phase at temperatures about 70 K higher than the M, temperature.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kishi, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Craciunescu, Corneliu/B-8890-2011; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010
OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226
NR 9
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 12
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 1021
EP 1024
DI 10.1051/jp4:20031055
PN 2
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EH
UT WOS:000186503400094
ER
PT J
AU Shapiro, SM
Winn, BL
Schlagel, DL
Lograsso, TA
Erwin, RL
AF Shapiro, SM
Winn, BL
Schlagel, DL
Lograsso, TA
Erwin, RL
TI Phonon precursors to the high temperature martensitic transformation in
Ti50Pd42Cr8
SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Martensitic Transformations
CY JUN 10-14, 2002
CL ESPOO, FINLAND
SP Metso, Minist Trade & Ind, ESPOO, Fdn Technol, AvestaPolarti Stainless, IMATRA STEEL, Bodycote Metal Technol, Outokumpu, RAUTARUUKKI, KONE, COMPONENTA, AdaptaMat, Finnair, Nordea
ID ALLOYS
AB Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were carried out on the Ti50Pd50-xCrx alloy, which is a high temperature shape memory material. For x=0, the transformation temperature is similar to800K and for the composition studied (x=8 at.%) M-s similar to 400K. The majority of the measurements were performed in the parent, B2-phase, up to 873K. Most of the phonons propagating along the three symmetry directions [zeta00], [zetazetazeta], and [zetazeta0] were well defined with the exception of the [zetazeta0] transverse acoustic mode with displacements along the [-zetazeta0] corresponding to the C'=1/2(C-11-C-12) elastic constant in the zeta-->0 limit. These phonons are well defined for small zeta, but for zeta > 0.10 they are strongly overdamped near the transition temperature and become better defined at higher temperatures. An elastic peak develops in the cubic phase at zeta=0.22 and increases in intensity as M, is approached. However, the dispersion curves show no anomaly at this particular wavevector, in marked contrast to the lattice dynamic studies of other systems exhibiting Martensitic transformations.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shapiro, SM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016
OI Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI LES ULIS CEDEXA
PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS
CEDEXA, FRANCE
SN 1155-4339
J9 J PHYS IV
JI J. Phys. IV
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 112
BP 1047
EP 1050
DI 10.1051/jp4:20031061
PN 2
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 742EH
UT WOS:000186503400100
ER
PT J
AU Toby, BH
AF Toby, BH
TI CIF applications. XII. Inspecting Rietveld fits from pdCIF: pdCIFplot
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB A description is given of the pdCIFplot program. This program is used to inspect the quality of fits obtained from Rietveld refinements where the results are communicated in pdCIF files. The program runs on almost all contemporary operating systems.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013
OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285
NR 9
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 36
BP 1285
EP 1287
DI 10.1107/S0021889803016789
PN 5
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 718ZV
UT WOS:000185178600028
ER
PT J
AU Toby, BH
AF Toby, BH
TI CIF applications. XIII. CIFEDIT, a program for viewing and editing CIFs
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB The CIFEDIT program displays the contents of single- or multi-block crystallographic information files ( CIF). The program can also be used to edit the data values for CIF items, including adding or deleting sets of entries in a loop. CIF dictionaries are used to display definitions for data names and units. In the case of DDL 1.4 dictionaries, validation information is used to check numerical values. The program is written using the cross-platform scripting language Tcl/Tk and thus is largely platform-independent. It has been tested under Windows, Mac OS X and Unix.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013
OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 36
BP 1288
EP 1289
DI 10.1107/S0021889803016790
PN 5
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 718ZV
UT WOS:000185178600029
ER
PT J
AU Toby, BH
Von Dreele, RB
Larson, AC
AF Toby, BH
Von Dreele, RB
Larson, AC
TI CIF applications. XIV. Reporting of Rietveld results using pdCIF:
GSAS2CIF
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FILE
AB A discussion of the process of creating powder diffraction CIF documents (pdCIF) from Rietveld results is presented, with particular focus on the computer program GSAS2CIF. The data structures used within GSAS2CIF are described, as well as how the program implements template files for descriptive information. Two graphical user interface utilities are also discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NISt Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS APS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NISt Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013
OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285
NR 7
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 6
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 36
BP 1290
EP 1294
DI 10.1107/S0021889803016819
PN 5
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 718ZV
UT WOS:000185178600030
ER
PT J
AU Nicholson, SE
Some, B
McCollum, J
Nelkin, E
Klotter, D
Berte, Y
Diallo, BM
Gaye, I
Kpabeba, G
Ndiaye, O
Noukpozounkou, JN
Tanu, MM
Thiam, A
Toure, AA
Traore, AK
AF Nicholson, SE
Some, B
McCollum, J
Nelkin, E
Klotter, D
Berte, Y
Diallo, BM
Gaye, I
Kpabeba, G
Ndiaye, O
Noukpozounkou, JN
Tanu, MM
Thiam, A
Toure, AA
Traore, AK
TI Validation of TRMM and other rainfall estimates with a high-density
gauge dataset for West Africa. Part I: Validation of GPCC rainfall
product and pre-TRMM satellite and blended products
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY
AB Gauge data over North Africa are used to provide an assessment of satellite and blended rainfall products for 1988-94 and for 1998. A comparison is also made with the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) gauge dataset. For the 1988-94 period, mean fields and latitudinal transects for the June-July-August season are presented, based on a 515-station gauge dataset, the GPCC gauge data, the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) blended data, the infrared-based Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite precipitation index (GPI), and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave estimates. Error calculations are also presented. The mean fields derived from the dense gauge network, the GPCC gauge-only analysis, and the GPCP are remarkably similar. The bias, with reference to the seasonal rainfall field based on the denser network, is about 3%-4% for either GPCC or GPCP. Agreement is relatively good, even in individual years. The rms error associated with these datasets is 12% for seasonal rainfall totals; thus, the error is largely random. In contrast, there are large systematic errors in the satellite-only analyses of GPI and SSM/I, with biases of 20% and 40% for the mean rain field as a whole and much larger biases in individual years. The rms errors are nearly 2 times as great. For 1998, a 920-station gauge dataset was available for a smaller section of West Africa. The comparison confirmed the superior performance of GPCP and demonstrated the lower level of performance of both GPCP and GPCC at the monthly scale as compared with the seasonal scale. Overall, the results of this study underscore the continued need for extensive gauge networks to describe adequately the large-scale precipitation field over Africa.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
Serv Meteorol Natl, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Ctr Reg AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger.
NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
SODEXAM, Direct Meteorol Natl, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Conakry, Guinea.
Dept Water Resources, Banjul, Gambia.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Lome, Togo.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Dakar, Senegal.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Cotonou, Benin.
Meteorol Serv Dept, Legon, Ghana.
Univ Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ USA.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Bamako, Mali.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Serv Climatol, Niamey, Niger.
RP Nicholson, SE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
NR 34
TC 85
Z9 87
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1337
EP 1354
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1337:VOTAOR>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NP
UT WOS:000185665200001
ER
PT J
AU Nicholson, SE
Some, B
McCollum, J
Nelkin, E
Klotter, D
Berte, Y
Diallo, BM
Gaye, I
Kpabeba, G
Ndiaye, O
Noukpozounkou, JN
Tanu, MM
Thiam, A
Toure, AA
Traore, AK
AF Nicholson, SE
Some, B
McCollum, J
Nelkin, E
Klotter, D
Berte, Y
Diallo, BM
Gaye, I
Kpabeba, G
Ndiaye, O
Noukpozounkou, JN
Tanu, MM
Thiam, A
Toure, AA
Traore, AK
TI Validation of TRMM and other rainfall estimates with a high-density
gauge dataset for West Africa. Part II: Validation of TRMM rainfall
products
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; INFORMATION; MICROWAVE; ORBIT
AB Gauge data from a West African network of 920 stations are used to assess Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and blended rainfall products for 1998. In this study, mean fields, scattergrams, and latitudinal transects for the months of May-September and for the 5-month season are presented. Error statistics are also calculated. This study demonstrates that both the TRMM-adjusted Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite precipitation index (AGPI) and TRMM-merged rainfall products show excellent agreement with gauge data over West Africa on monthly-to-seasonal timescales and 2.5degrees x 2.5degrees latitude/longitude space scales. The root-mean-square error of both is on the order of 0.6 mm day(-1) at seasonal resolution and 1 mm day(-1) at monthly resolution. The bias of the AGPI is only 0.2 mm day(-1), whereas the TRMM-merged product shows no bias over West Africa. Performance at 1.0degrees x 1.0degrees latitude/longitude resolution is also excellent at the seasonal scale and good for the monthly scale. A comparison with standard rainfall products that predate TRMM shows that AGPI and the TRMM-merged product perform as well as, or better than, those products. The AGPI shows marked improvement when compared with the GPI, in reducing the bias and in the scatter of the estimates. The TRMM satellite-only products from the precipitation radar and the TRMM Microwave Imager do not perform well over West Africa. Both tend to overestimate gauge measurements.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
Serv Meteorol Natl, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Ctr Reg AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger.
NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Direct Meteorol Natl, SODEXAM, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Conakry, Guinea.
Dept Water Resources, Banjul, Gambia.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Lome, Togo.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Dakar, Senegal.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Cotonou, Benin.
Meteorol Serv Dept, Legon, Ghana.
Univ Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ USA.
Direct Natl Meteorol, Bamako, Mali.
Direct Meteorol Natl, Serv Climatol, Niamey, Niger.
RP Nicholson, SE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
NR 18
TC 135
Z9 139
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1355
EP 1368
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1355:VOTAOR>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NP
UT WOS:000185665200002
ER
PT J
AU Heymsfield, AJ
Matrosov, S
Baum, B
AF Heymsfield, AJ
Matrosov, S
Baum, B
TI Ice water path-optical depth relationships for cirrus and deep
stratiform ice cloud layers
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; IN-SITU DATA; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES;
MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL CIRRUS; CLIMATE
MODELS; DOPPLER RADAR; FIRE-II; PARAMETERIZATION
AB Particle size distribution (PSD) and particle shape information collected during Lagrangian spiral descents and balloon ascents through 13 midlatitude and 6 tropical ice clouds are analyzed to investigate the relationship between cloud optical depth in visible wavelengths (tau(v)) and the ice water path (IWP). Although this sample size is small, it is far larger than the number of samples used in earlier studies and has the added benefit that it contains data from the top to the bottom of cloud layers, averaging 3 km in geometrical thickness. Furthermore, the observed particle shape and habit information are used directly in the investigation, rather than assuming that the habits are one of a number of pristine types. These observations apply to midlatitude clouds in the temperature range from -65degrees to -20degreesC, with tau(v) between 0.5 and 7, and estimated radar reflectivities primarily in the range from -20 to 5 dBZ(e) (at a frequency of 35 GHz), with some observations extending down to -45 dBZ(e). The tropical observations apply to clouds in the temperature range from -50degrees to -0degreesC, with tau(v) in the range 20-30, and radar reflectivities primarily between -5 and 25 dBZ(e) (at a frequency of 35 GHz). Quantitative relationships between tau(v) and IWP that depend on the cloud thickness, midcloud temperature, slope of the particle size distribution, median mass diameter, and effective radius are explored and developed. The underlying basis of these relationships is the correlation between the slope of the particle size distribution and cloud temperature or thickness. The slope of the particle size distribution tends to decrease with increasing cloud thickness ( beginning from cloud top) and temperature. This tendency toward a flatter spectral slope, with increasing penetration into the cloud layer, leads to a monotonic decrease in the extinction coefficient relative to the ice water content downward from the cloud top to base. Relationships between tau(v) and IWP as a function of the effective radius (r(e)) and the median mass diameter (D-m) are found from these observations, and are compared with those found in earlier studies. Given a value of the IWP and a known value of r(e), the earlier studies provide estimates of the tau(v) that are comparable to the results of this study. Several means of estimating r(e) and D-m indirectly, to circumvent the need to know the values of these variables directly from measurements, are developed. First, relationships are developed between r(e) and IWP. Second, relationships are developed to retrieve these variables from vertically pointing Doppler radar observations.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Heymsfield, AJ (reprint author), 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011
OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767;
NR 44
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1369
EP 1390
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1369:IWPDRF>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NP
UT WOS:000185665200003
ER
PT J
AU Heim, RR
Lawrimore, JH
Wuertz, DB
Waple, AM
Wallis, TWR
AF Heim, RR
Lawrimore, JH
Wuertz, DB
Waple, AM
Wallis, TWR
TI The REDTI and MSI: Two new national climate impact indices
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES
AB Two climate indices that are useful for monitoring the impact of weather and climate on energy usage and crop yields in the United States have been developed at the National Climatic Data Center. The residential energy-demand temperature index (REDTI), which is based on total population-weighted heating and cooling degree days in the contiguous United States, provides quantitative information on the impact of seasonal temperatures on residential energy demand. The moisture stress index (MSI) is based on the effect of severe to catastrophic drought (Palmer Z index values less than or equal to -22) or catastrophic wetness (Z greater than or equal to +5) on crop productivity within two crop-growing regions (corn and soybeans). Using climate data that extends into the late nineteenth century and operational updates of near-real-time data, the indices provide information that places the impact of weather and climate on energy-supply and crop-production sectors of the economy during the most recent season into historical perspective.
C1 Natl Climat Ctr, Climate Monitoring Branch, NOAA,NESDIS, Sci Serv Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Heim, RR (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, Climate Monitoring Branch, NOAA,NESDIS, Sci Serv Div, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1435
EP 1442
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1435:TRAMTN>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NP
UT WOS:000185665200007
ER
PT J
AU Bousquet, O
Smull, BF
AF Bousquet, O
Smull, BF
TI Airflow and precipitation fields within deep Alpine valleys observed by
airborne Doppler radar
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; MUSCAT; FEASIBILITY; RAINFALL; SYSTEMS; DESIGN;
STORMS
AB Although airborne Doppler radar is increasingly relied upon to provide detailed descriptions of mesoscale precipitation systems in remote and complex meteorological settings, the utility of these observations has often been limited by the considerable difficulty in their manual processing to remove ground clutter and other sources of contamination, which is a prerequisite to synthesis of reliable airflow and reflectivity fields. This difficulty is further magnified over mountainous terrain, where these sources of contamination take on increased spatial extent and geometric complexity. Removal of such contamination has traditionally required tedious and time-consuming manual editing. As such, routine retrieval of near-surface airflow and precipitation characteristics over steep orography and within hydrologically critical zones, such as deep valleys cutting through mountainous regions (along which population and transportation corridors are frequently concentrated), has been impractical. A new approach is described that largely automates this data-editing procedure for airborne radar platforms, achieving reliable elimination of corrupted data with minimal loss of meteorological signal. Subjective decisions are minimized through a judicious combination of data renavigation, pattern recognition, and reliance upon high-resolution digital terrain information. This technique is applied to data obtained over the Alps by the NCAR Electra and NOAA P-3 aircraft during the recent Mesoscale Alpine Programme field campaign. Three-dimensional airflow and reflectivity fields are shown to illustrate the power and fidelity of this new approach by capitalizing on data collected near, and even beneath, the aircraft track to provide a unique and highly illuminating description of airflow deep within Alpine river valleys and their tributaries during two contrasting orographic precipitation events. The validity of these results is explored through quantitative comparison of this output with independent kinematic measures obtained from ground-based Doppler radar. The utility of airborne radar to provide comprehensive and near-simultaneous views reaching into multiple valleys hidden from the view of ground-based radars is highlighted for a notable case of "down valley" flow, more comprehensively illustrating the nature and extent of low-level upstream blocking during a widespread orographic precipitation event.
C1 McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Bousquet, O (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 805 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.
NR 30
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 10
BP 1497
EP 1513
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1497:AAPFWD>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NP
UT WOS:000185665200012
ER
PT J
AU Tewari, YB
Klein, R
Vaudin, MD
Goldberg, RN
AF Tewari, YB
Klein, R
Vaudin, MD
Goldberg, RN
TI Saturation molalities and standard molar enthalpies of solution of
adenosine(cr), guanosine. 2H(2)O(cr), inosine(cr), and xanthosine.
2H(2)O(cr) in H2O(1)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE adenosine; calorimetry; enthalpy; entropy; gibbs free energy; guanosine;
inosine; saturation; molality; xanthosine
ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; MODEL
COMPOUNDS; CONSISTENT SET; NUCLEOSIDES; WATER; THERMODYNAMICS;
ASSOCIATION; PURINE
AB Saturation molalities m(sat) in H2O(l) have been measured for the substances adenosine(cr), guano sine (.) 2H(2)O(cr), inosine(cr), and xanthosine (.) 2H(2)O(cr) over the temperature range T = 287.91 K to T = 308.18 K by using h.p.l.c. The indicated states of hydration of these substances were established by performing Karl-Fischer analyses of samples of these substances which had been equilibrated over H2O(l) and of samples obtained by passing air over the wet crystals (air dried samples). The crystalline phases of these substances were identified by comparison of the results of X-ray diffraction measurements with results from the literature. Molar enthalpies of solution Delta(sol)H(m) for adenosine(er) and inosine(cr) were measured by using an isoperibol solution calorimeter. A "stacking" or "self-association" model was used to estimate values of the activity coefficients gamma and relative apparent molar enthalpies L-phi for these substances. These gamma and L-phi values were used to adjust the measured values of m(sat) and Delta(sol)H(m) to the standard state and obtain values of the standard molar Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes DeltasolG(m)degrees. and Delta(sol)H(m)degrees, respectively, for the dissolution reactions of these substances. Values of Delta(sol)H(m)degrees calculated from the temperature dependence of values of Delta(sol)G(m)degrees were in good agreement with the values of Delta(sol)H(m)degrees obtained by using calorimetry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 35
IS 10
BP 1681
EP 1702
DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(03)00156-3
PG 22
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 729RN
UT WOS:000185787900010
ER
PT J
AU Liu, D
Cheng, JX
Law, KH
Wiederhold, G
Sriram, RD
AF Liu, D
Cheng, JX
Law, KH
Wiederhold, G
Sriram, RD
TI Engineering information service infrastructure for ubiquitous computing
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE computation; information management; information centers; computer
software
AB This paper describes a software framework for the development of a ubiquitous computing environment for distributed engineering information services. Two fundamental issues are addressed: universal accessibility of devices to information services, and collaboration among the parties accessing the information services. The first calls for the development of device-independent information services that have the flexibility to support a wide range of client devices. We introduce a mediation-based framework that enables information clients to calibrate the source information services to the clients' characteristics. The second requires effective integration of information services, which we address in two ways: (1) we sketch an ontology standard and describe how such a standard can be effectively applied for exchanging project scheduling and resource information; and (2) we illustrate an infrastructure that is particularly suitable for the integration of engineering services. A prototype for the ubiquitous computing environment has been developed that incorporates a variety of project management software as well as different devices ranging from PDAs to Web browsers, desktop computers, and servers.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Liu, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0887-3801
J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG
JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 17
IS 4
BP 219
EP 229
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2003)17:4(219)
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 723DQ
UT WOS:000185417500002
ER
PT J
AU Carey, CM
Spencer, M
Gove, RJ
Eichmiller, FC
AF Carey, CM
Spencer, M
Gove, RJ
Eichmiller, FC
TI Fluoride release from a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement in a
continuous-flow system: Effect of pH
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE fluoride; fluoride kinetics; glass-ionomer cement; fluoride release;
controlled delivery systems
ID RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; INVITRO; ENAMEL; CARIES
AB Fluoride is added to many dental restorative materials, including glass-ionomer cements, for the specific purpose of leaching fluoride into the surrounding tissues to provide secondary caries It inhibition. During the caries process, an acidic environment attacks the dental tissues as well as the glass-ionomer cement. We hypothesized that pH significantly affects the rate of release of fluoride from the glass-ionomer cement. A continuous-flow fluoride-measuring system that monitors the amount of fluoride released over time was used to determine the release of fluoride from a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (KetacFil(R)). The results show that the release rate began with a fast burst of fluoride which quickly diminished to low levels in 3 days. Under neutral pH conditions, the rate of fluoride release at 72 firs was significantly slower than at pH 4.
C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Carey, CM (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P50-DE09322]
NR 15
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 82
IS 10
BP 829
EP 832
PG 4
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 726PQ
UT WOS:000185608500013
PM 14514765
ER
PT J
AU Manderville, RA
Calcutt, MW
Dai, J
Park, G
Gillman, IG
Noftle, RE
Mohammed, AK
Dizdaroglu, M
Rodriguez, H
Akman, SA
AF Manderville, RA
Calcutt, MW
Dai, J
Park, G
Gillman, IG
Noftle, RE
Mohammed, AK
Dizdaroglu, M
Rodriguez, H
Akman, SA
TI Stoichiometric preference in copper-promoted oxidative DNA damage by
ochratoxin A (vol 95, pg 87, 2003)
SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA.
RP Manderville, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0162-0134
J9 J INORG BIOCHEM
JI J. Inorg. Biochem.
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 97
IS 2
BP 249
EP 249
DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)00278-2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 730ZT
UT WOS:000185860600009
ER
PT J
AU Provenzano, V
Li, J
King, T
Canavan, E
Shirron, P
DiPirro, M
Shull, RD
AF Provenzano, V
Li, J
King, T
Canavan, E
Shirron, P
DiPirro, M
Shull, RD
TI Enhanced magnetocaloric effects in R-3(Ga1-xFex)(5)O-12 (R = Gd, Dy, Ho;
0 < x < 1) nanocomposites
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Fine Particle Magnetism (ICFPM)
CY AUG 14-16, 2002
CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
DE magnetocaloric effect; magnetic cooling; nanocomposite garnets;
paramagnetic; superparamagnetic
AB A series of R-3(Ga1-xFex)(5)O-12 (R=Gd, Dy, Ho; 02.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722AW
UT WOS:000185353000006
ER
PT J
AU Fritts, DC
Nappo, C
Riggin, DM
Balsley, BB
Eichinger, WE
Newsom, RK
AF Fritts, DC
Nappo, C
Riggin, DM
Balsley, BB
Eichinger, WE
Newsom, RK
TI Analysis of ducted motions in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during
CASES-99
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVE; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; NEIGHBORING PYCNOCLINES;
ATMOSPHERE; FIELD; FLOW; STATISTICS; EVOLUTION; LIDAR
AB Data obtained with multiple instruments at the main site of the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere - Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) are employed to examine the character and variability of wave motions occurring in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during the night of 14 October 1999. The predominant motions are surprisingly similar in character throughout the night, exhibiting largely westward propagation, horizontal wavelengths of; 1 to 10 km, phase speeds slightly greater than the mean wind in the direction of propagation, and highly coherent vertical motions with no apparent phase progression with altitude. Additionally, vertical and horizontal velocities are in approximate quadrature and the largest amplitudes occur at elevated altitudes of maximum stratification. These motions are interpreted as ducted gravity waves that propagate along maxima of stratification and mean wind and that are evanescent above, and occasionally below, the altitudes at which they are ducted. Modal structures for ducted waves are computed for mean wind and stratification profiles for three specific cases and are seen to provide a plausible explanation of the observed motions.
C1 NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
NOAA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Fritts, DC (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
OI Riggin, Dennis/0000-0001-5094-7620
NR 31
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 20
BP 2450
EP 2472
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2450:AODMIT>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NK
UT WOS:000185664800003
ER
PT J
AU Balsley, BB
Frehlich, RG
Jensen, ML
Meillier, Y
Muschinski, A
AF Balsley, BB
Frehlich, RG
Jensen, ML
Meillier, Y
Muschinski, A
TI Extreme gradients in the nocturnal boundary layer: Structure, evolution,
and potential causes
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; BALLOON-BORNE; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE; RADAR;
TROPOSPHERE; ENTRAINMENT; CASES-99; SHEETS
AB During the Cooperative Atmosphere - Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) campaign in southeastern Kansas in the fall of 1999, the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) made a series of vertical profiling measurements using the CIRES tethered lifting system (TLS). The results reported here began during a period when the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) was characterized by a low-level jet (LLJ) peaking at 120 m and a temperature profile that increased smoothly with height to a point slightly above the height of the LLJ peak. Then, within a period of less than 30 min, the character of the NBL changed abruptly, with the breakdown of the well-defined LLJ and the appearance of a surprisingly steep temperature change of some 3.5 K around 180 - 190 m AGL. Part of this inversion was extremely sharp, with the steepest portion showing a temperature change of 1 K over an altitude range of only 5 cm, corresponding to a vertical temperature gradient in excess of 20 K m(-1). The general shape of this steep gradient was maintained - albeit with slightly reduced values - for at least 20 min. It is understood that the magnitude of the steepest portion of this gradient exceeds all previously observed atmospheric gradients by over an order of magnitude, although comparable gradients - albeit under very disparate conditions - have been observed in the ocean.
A second surprising feature apparent in these results was the steepness of the gradients in turbulence structure at the top of the NBL and within the residual layer (RL), the region above the NBL that is usually slightly stably stratified and extends upward to the height marked by the vestiges of the previous day's capping inversion. At the NBL top, energy dissipation rates and temperature structure parameters dropped sharply by more than one order of magnitude over a distance of only a few meters. At higher altitudes within the RL, a 60-m-thick region of very weak turbulence was observed. This low-turbulence region also exhibited sharp edges, where energy dissipation rates and temperature structure parameters changed by at least an order of magnitude over vertical distances of only a few meters.
C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Balsley, BB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 48
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 20
BP 2496
EP 2508
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2496:EGITNB>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NK
UT WOS:000185664800006
ER
PT J
AU Banta, RM
Pichugina, YL
Newsom, RK
AF Banta, RM
Pichugina, YL
Newsom, RK
TI Relationship between low-level jet properties and turbulence kinetic
energy in the nocturnal stable boundary layer
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER LIDAR; CASES-99; STABILITY; FLUXES; MODELS; MM5
AB In the nighttime stable boundary layer (SBL), shear and turbulence are generated in the layer between the maximum of the low-level jet (LLJ) and the earth's surface. Here, it is investigated whether gross properties of the LLJ - its height and speed - could be used to diagnose turbulence intensities in this subjet layer. Data on the height and speed of the LLJ maximum were available at high vertical and temporal resolution using the high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL). These data were used to estimate a subjet layer shear, which was computed as the ratio of the speed to the height of the jet maximum, and a jet Richardson number Ri(J), averaged at 15-min intervals for 10 nights when HRDL LLJ data were available for this study. The shear and Ri(J) values were compared with turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) values measured near the top of the 60-m tower at the Cooperative Atmosphere - Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) main site. TKE values were small for Ri(J) greater than 0.4, but as Ri(J) decreased to less than similar to0.4, TKE values increased, indicating that Ri(J) does have merit in estimating turbulence magnitudes. Another interesting finding was that shear values tended to cluster around a constant value of 0.1 s(-1) for TKE values that were not too small, that is, for TKE greater than similar to0.1 m(2) s(-2).
C1 NOAA, ET2, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ET2, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008
NR 17
TC 82
Z9 82
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 20
BP 2549
EP 2555
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2549:RBLJPA>2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727NK
UT WOS:000185664800010
ER
PT J
AU Velez, JA
Watson, W
Sandknop, EM
Arntz, W
AF Velez, JA
Watson, W
Sandknop, EM
Arntz, W
TI Larval development of the Pacific sandperch (Prolatilus jugularis)
(Pisces : Pinguipedidae) from the Independencia Bight, Pisco, Peru
SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
LA English
DT Article
AB Morphological development of larval Prolatilus jugularis from Bahia Independencia, Pisco, Peru is described. Two hundred and thirty-two specimens were collected with plankton nets in 2000; a developmental series of 40 individuals (2.5-25.9 mm: recently hatched through transformation) was assembled using, morphological features and pigmentation. Prolatilus jugularis hatches at approximately 2.5 mm, notochord flexion begins at similar to5.7 mm and ends at similar to6.9 mm, and transformation begins at an unknown size between 14.2-20.3 unit (probably near 20 mm). Diagnostic features of the larvae include a robust body with large head bearing, small preopercular spines that begin to form by late preflexion stage; preanal length just under half of body length early in the preflexion stage increasing to near two-thirds of body length in the postflexion stage; and pigmentation Primarily on the snout, opercular region, dorsally on the head and gut, laterally above the hindgut, and on the ventral margin of the tall through early flexion stage. A broad mid-lateral stripe begins to form on the trunk and tall late in the flexion stage and dorsal pigmentation forms on the trunk and tail in the postflexion stage. Pectoral-fin rays are first to begin forming, in mid-preflexion stage.. followed by principal caudal-fin rays. then by pelvic-, dorsal- and anal-fin rays which apparently begin to form simultaneously near the end of preflexion stage. The dorsal fin is long and continuous, with III-IV short spines and 27-29 soft rays, the anal fin contains 21-23 rays, the first one or two of which may be spine-like, the pelvic fins, with I spine, 5 rays, are below or slightly in front of the pectorals (18-20 rays), and there are 9+8 principal caudal-fin rays and 36-37 myomeres.
C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Velez, JA (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Columbusstr, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0025-3154
J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK
JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 5
BP 1137
EP 1142
DI 10.1017/S0025315403008397h
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 740VH
UT WOS:000186421900039
ER
PT J
AU Lee, MI
Kang, IS
Mapes, BE
AF Lee, MI
Kang, IS
Mapes, BE
TI Impacts of cumulus convection parameterization on aqua-planet AGCM
Simulations of tropical intraseasonal variability
SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RELAXED
ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; COMPOSITE LIFE-CYCLE; SUPER CLOUD CLUSTERS; WAVE-CISK;
EQUATORIAL WAVES; WESTERN PACIFIC; KELVIN WAVE; ATMOSPHERE
AB Using an aqua-planet version of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), the dependence of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) simulation on the cumulus parameterization was examined with three different cumulus schemes-simplified Arakawa-Schubert, Kuo, and moist convective adjustment. The simulated intensity and propagation characteristics of the ISO depend significantly on the choice of cumulus scheme, in which more constrained convection scheme produces stronger intraseasonal variability in tropics.
Mean thermodynamic state and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) structure also vary among the simulations, demonstrating that the ISO variability and the mean states are mutually dependent. Following Tokioka et al. (1988), the simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme was modified by posing a minimum entrainment rate constraint for cumuli, and the relationship between tropical intraseasonal variability and zonal mean rainfall structure was examined. More constraining deep convections, the tropical ISO variability becomes stronger with narrower ITCZ structures.
Vertical and horizontal structures of eastward propagating waves appeared in the aqua-planet experiments were further investigated. The vertical structures of propagating waves are consistent with observations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation, but the vertical profile of ISO-modulated heating exhibits a middle-heavy structure and the simulated waves show relatively faster propagations compared with the observed. The horizontal composite structures show the boundary-layer moisture frictional convergence to the east, and divergence to the west of the convective region, and this suggests that a frictional Kelvin wave-CISK mechanism is important to these eastward propagating waves.
C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Environm Syst Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Environm Syst Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kang, IS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Environm Syst Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015;
OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624
NR 54
TC 68
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 1
PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN
PI TOKYO
PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN
SN 0026-1165
J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN
JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 81
IS 5
BP 963
EP 992
DI 10.2151/jmsj.81.963
PG 30
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 757TR
UT WOS:000187578000005
ER
PT J
AU Miyakoda, K
Kinter, JL
Yang, S
AF Miyakoda, K
Kinter, JL
Yang, S
TI The role of ENSO in the south Asian monsoon and pre-monsoon signals over
the Tibetan plateau
SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL
OSCILLATION; TROPICAL-WIDE TELECONNECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL;
EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT;
LINEAR SIMULATION
AB El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the South Asian (SA) summer monsoon interact with each other. In a previous paper, the process from the SA-monsoon to ENSO was discussed. In this paper, the process from ENSO to the monsoon is described.
As the consequence of ENSO events, a set of characteristic distributions of the temperature, wind and moisture is formed over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. The anomalies of these fields are characterized by a "butterfly pattern" above the 500 hPa level, and a "horseshoe pattern" below 500 hPa. The patterns begin to appear in the winter, and influence the SA-monsoon in the following spring and summer. The distinct pattern of the butterfly shape may be explained by the extended Matsuno-Gill type dynamics, because the Pacific sector is dominated by the ENSO heating.
On the other hand, the Indian sector is characterized by the land-sea monsoon circulation. It is important to note that the anomaly components of this local circulation are controlled largely by ENSO. The air temperature anomaly of the layer between 200 and 500 hPa moves westward in the latitude belt of 20degrees-35degreesN over the Asian sector, which is associated with the butterfly pattern in the Pacific sector. During this migration, the signal provides a precursory background over the Tibetan Plateau in April-May-June at its peak, setting the stage for the initiation of the SA-monsoon. Another signal emanates also from the tropical Pacific to the Indian sector, in May-June-July at its peak, in conjunction with the horseshoe pattern of the sea surface temperature in particular. These signals emanate from the eastern part of the ENSO region, contribute to the establishment of the thermal contrast anomalies between land and ocean, and the anomalous wind system over the Indian sector, including the upward motion over the Indian subcontinent. The EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis of the sea surface temperature in the broader NINO3 region (15degreesN-15degreesS, 150degreesW-90degreesW) indicates that the two leading modes well represent the fields of horizontal wind and temperature for the Pacific sector (the first mode) as well as the Indian sector (the second mode).
Finally, the features associated with the 1976 climate shift are discussed. In the process from the SA-monsoon to ENSO, the mode of connection changed dramatically circa 1976; however, in the process from ENSO to the monsoon, the mode is almost the same before and after 1976. The reason for this asymmetry, in the change of the relationship, is discussed.
C1 Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Miyakoda, K (reprint author), 308 Sayre Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM miyakoda@juno.com
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
NR 79
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 7
PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN
PI TOKYO
PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN
SN 0026-1165
J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN
JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1015
EP 1039
DI 10.2151/jmsj.81.1015
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 757TR
UT WOS:000187578000007
ER
PT J
AU Gentile, TR
Hayden, ME
Barlow, MJ
AF Gentile, TR
Hayden, ME
Barlow, MJ
TI Comparison of metastability-exchange optical pumping sources
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; HEXALUMINATE LASER; HIGH-POWER; HE-3; GAS;
HELIUM; MIXTURES; TARGET
AB The efficiencies of two ytterbium (Yb) fiber lasers for metastability-exchange optical pumping are compared with that of an arc-lamp-pumped neodymium-doped lanthanum magnesium hexaluminate laser. Specifically, we report a careful comparison of the He-3 nuclear polarizations and polarization rates obtained with each laser, which were carried out for three sealed glass cells filled with low-pressure He-3 or He-3-He-4 mixtures. The two Yb systems are (1) a 1083-nm diode oscillator coupled to a Yb-doped fiber amplifier and (2) an all-fiber system consisting of a Yb-doped fiber oscillator followed by a Yb-doped fiber amplifier. Essentially no difference was observed between the efficiency of the neodymium-doped lanthanum magnesium hexaluminate laser and the diode/fiber system. In comparison, the all-fiber laser produced a 0%-5% lower polarization and a 0%-35% lower polarization rate than the other two lasers, depending upon the specific experimental conditions. Absorption and spectral line-shape measurements suggest that this difference can be attributed to the spectral linewidth of the particular all-fiber laser that was tested. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 6
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 10
BP 2068
EP 2074
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.002068
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 730MM
UT WOS:000185834600007
ER
PT J
AU Nave, G
AF Nave, G
TI Atomic transition rates for neutral holmium (HoI)
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYPERFINE STRUCTURES; ENERGY-LEVELS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA
AB Transition rates for 321 lines between 345 and 1080 nm from 73 levels of Ho I are presented. They have been measured by combining branching fractions obtained by Fourier transform spectrometry with lifetimes of Den Hartog et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2278 (1999)]. The uncertainty of the transition rates is 5%-10%. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 7
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 10
BP 2193
EP 2202
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.002193
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 730MM
UT WOS:000185834600022
ER
PT J
AU Thayer, VG
Read, AJ
Friedlaender, AS
Colby, DR
Hohn, AA
McLellan, WA
Pabst, DA
Dearolf, JL
Bowles, NI
Russell, JR
Rittmaster, KA
AF Thayer, VG
Read, AJ
Friedlaender, AS
Colby, DR
Hohn, AA
McLellan, WA
Pabst, DA
Dearolf, JL
Bowles, NI
Russell, JR
Rittmaster, KA
TI Reproductive seasonality of western atlantic bottlenose dolphins off
North Carolina, USA
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE reproduction; seasonality; strandings; photo-identification; circular;
analysis; bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus
ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; BIRTH; SP.
AB We describe reproductive seasonality of bottlenose dolphins in North Carolina (NC), U.S.A., using strandings data from the entire coast of NC and sighting data from Beaufort, NC and by estimating dates of birth of known females. We found a strong peak of neonate strandings in the spring (April-May), and low levels of neonate strandings in the fall and winter. The distribution of neonate strandings was significantly different from a uniform distribution (P < 0.001, K = 3.8). We found a unimodal distribution of 282 sightings of neonates with a diffuse peak in the summer. The temporal distribution of sightings of neonates departed significantly from a uniform distribution (P < 0.001, K = 5.1). Estimated birth dates of neonates from known females occurred in May (n = 6) and June (n = 4), with a single fall birth. These methods shed light on bottlenose reproductive patterns and underscore the value of using information from multiple types of data. Clarification of bottlenose dolphin reproductive patterns, such as the seasonality of birth, may enhance our understanding of the population structure of this species in the mid-Atlantic region.
C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
Hendrix Coll, Conway, AR 72032 USA.
N Carolina Maritime Museum, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
Friends Museum, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Thayer, VG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
NR 40
TC 12
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 617
EP 629
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01120.x
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500001
ER
PT J
AU Stolen, MK
Barlow, J
AF Stolen, MK
Barlow, J
TI A model life table for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the
Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, USA
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE life table; demography; mortality; survival; bottlenose dolphin;
Tarsiops; life history; survivorship; population growth; longevity
ID STENELLA-FRONTALIS; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; SEA OTTERS;
MORTALITY; AGE; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; REPRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA
AB Data gathered from 220 stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon system, Florida, were used to derive a life table. Survivorship curves were fit to the data using Siler's competing-risk model and a maximum likelihood approach. Population growth was estimated to be between r = 0.0 and 0.046 based on the observed numbers of stranded dolphins. Variance in survival rates was estimated using an individual-based, age-structured population projection model. We estimate that the overall annual mortality rate for this population was 9.8% per year. Sex-specific differences in survivorship were apparent with females outliving males. The overall mortality Curve resembles that of other large mammals, with high calf mortality and an exponentially increasing risk of senescent mortality. The inclusion of live-capture removals of individuals from this population did not significantly affect the estimation of survival parameters for most age classes.
C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Stolen, MK (reprint author), Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, 6295 Sea Harbor Dr, Orlando, FL 32821 USA.
NR 53
TC 41
Z9 48
U1 5
U2 42
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 630
EP 649
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01121.x
PG 20
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500002
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, KM
AF Stafford, KM
TI Two types of blue whale calls recorded in the Gulf of Alaska
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; Gulf of Alaska; acoustics; geographic
variation
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; HUMPBACK WHALES; NORTH
PACIFIC; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; UNDERWATER SOUNDS; CALIFORNIA;
VOCALIZATIONS; SONGS; MIGRATION
AB At one time blue whales were found throughout the Gulf of Alaska, however, none have been sighted there in post-whaling era surveys. To determine if blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) might now occur in the Gulf of Alaska, an array of hydrophones was deployed there in October 1999. Data were retrieved in May 2000 and in June 2001. Spectrograms from a random subsample comprising 15% of the similar to63,000 h of data were visually examined for blue whale calls. Call types attributed to both northeastern and northwestern Pacific blue whales were recorded. Both of these call types were recorded seasonally from the initial deployment date in October 1999 through the third week of December 1999 and then from July 2000 through mid-December 2000. Both call types were regularly recorded on the same hydrophone at the same time indicating clear temporal and spatial overlap of the animals producing these calls. Two blue whale call types were recorded in the Gulf of Alaska suggesting that perhaps two stocks use this area. The northeastern call type has now been documented from the equator up to at least 55degreesN in the eastern North Pacific.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE F-AKC4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 53
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 5
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 682
EP 693
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01124.x
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500005
ER
PT J
AU Morete, ME
Freitas, A
Engel, MH
Pace, RM
Clapham, PJ
AF Morete, ME
Freitas, A
Engel, MH
Pace, RM
Clapham, PJ
TI A novel behavior observed in humpback whales on wintering grounds at
Abrolhos Bank (Brazil)
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Alegaptera novaeangliae; humpback whale; behavior; breeding ground;
Abrolhos Bank; shore station; scan-counts; continuous sampling;
theodolite tracking
ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HAWAII
AB We describe a novel behavior, termed "tail-up," observed in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on wintering grounds on Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. The behavior involves the whale positioned vertically in the water column with its tail in the air. With the exception of calves, tail-up was observed in all social classes, and its frequency increased through the end of the season. Tail-Lips were recorded in 144 (5.8%) of 2,465 groups of whales observed from a shore station, and in 297 (14.9%) of 1,996 groups observed from vessel surveys; biases in each method suggest that the true frequency lies between these sources. One hundred and fifty-two hours of continuous sampling showed that the duration of tail-up events lasted from a few seconds to 12 min and was longest in groups comprised of a single adult. The maximum duration of a recorded period that consistently included tail-up was 10 h; however, some individuals were observed to engage in the behavior at night and for four consecutive days. Tail-Lip movement speed did not vary by social class; however, it varied according to wind direction and speed. The characteristics of tail-up that we observed showed that it differed from the descriptions of similar behaviors in other cetacean species. The function of tail-up is unknown, but we suggest that it may be a multifunctional behavior.
C1 IBAMA, Inst Baleia Jubarte, Projeto Baleia Jubarte, BR-45900000 Caravelas, BA, Brazil.
Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Morete, ME (reprint author), IBAMA, Inst Baleia Jubarte, Projeto Baleia Jubarte, Prais Kirongo S-N, BR-45900000 Caravelas, BA, Brazil.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 694
EP 707
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01125.x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500006
ER
PT J
AU Sease, JL
York, AE
AF Sease, JL
York, AE
TI Seasonal distribution of Steller's sea lions at rookeries and haul-out
sites in Alaska
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Steller's sea lions; Eumetopias jubatus; seasonal distribution; aerial
survey; Alaska
ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR; DECLINE;
FEMALE; YOUNG
AB The Steller's sea lion population has declined by 60%-70% over much of Alaska since the late 1970s. Overlap in species composition and sizes of fishes consumed by sea lions and harvested by commercial fisheries, particularly during winter, has led to examination of potential interaction between commercial fisheries and Steller's sea lions. Abundance and distribution data for Steller's sea lions in Alaska were derived from aerial surveys conducted during the breeding season, mid-June to early July 1992, 1994, and 1996. To study winter distribution of sea lions, we conducted aerial surveys during March 1993, November-December 1994, and March 1999. We counted about one-half as many sea lions during winter surveys compared to the breeding-season surveys. Numbers of sea lions at rookery sites dropped off considerably during winter, whereas numbers at haul-out sites did not. We found little evidence of large-scale, seasonal movement, at least for the western stock of sea lions. Rather, differences between summer and winter distribution were primarily a function of sea lions dispersing to local haul-out sites during the winter. Terrestrial sites, both rookeries and haul-outs, clearly are important to Steller's sea lions during the entire year. Individual sites may be occupied year-round or only during particular times of year.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Sease, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 56
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 745
EP 763
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01128.x
PG 19
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500009
ER
PT J
AU Simpkins, MA
Withrow, DE
Cesarone, JC
Boveng, PL
AF Simpkins, MA
Withrow, DE
Cesarone, JC
Boveng, PL
TI Stability in the proportion of harbor seals hauled out under locally
ideal conditions
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; Alaska; radio-tagging; correction factor;
haul-out behavior; aerial survey; abundance; generalized additive model;
logistic regression
ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SAN-MIGUEL-ISLAND;
TUGIDAK ISLAND; GLACIER BAY; ALASKA; PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENTS;
ABUNDANCE
AB We monitored the haul-out behavior of 68 radio-tagged harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) during the molt season at two Alaskan haul-out sites (Grand island, August-September 1994; Nanvak Bay, August-September 2000). For each site, we created a statistical model of the proportion of seals hauled out as a function of date, time of day, tide, and weather covariates. Using these models, we identified the conditions that would result in the greatest proportion of seals hauled Out. Although those "ideal conditions" differed between sites, the proportion of seals predicted to be hauled out under those conditions was very similar (81.3% for Grand Island and 85.7% for Nanvak Bay). The similar estimates for both sites suggest that haul-out proportions under locally ideal conditions may be constant between years and geographic regions, at least during the molt season.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA.
RP Simpkins, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 29
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 11
PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 4
BP 791
EP 805
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01130.x
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 732HJ
UT WOS:000185934500011
ER
PT J
AU Fang, HW
Hsu, SM
Sengers, JV
AF Fang, HW
Hsu, SM
Sengers, JV
TI Surface texture design to generate specific sizes and shapes of UHMWPE
wear particles
SO MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK
LA English
DT Article
DE UHMWPE; wear particles; surface texturing; microfabrication; size;
shape; density; pitch; patterns; design
ID POLYETHYLENE PARTICLES; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; BOUNDARY LUBRICATION;
IN-VITRO; BONE; MACROPHAGES; OSTEOLYSIS; DISKS; RESORPTION; INTERFACE
AB Osteolysis induced by UHMWPE wear particles has emerged as the critical failure mechanism of artificial joints. However, the detailed mechanism of osteolysis and bone resoprtion induced by wear particles leading to the loosening of the total joint replacement is still not clear. To investigate the effects of size and shape of particles on biological response, particles with controlled size and shape are needed. The paper describes a novel technique where controlled size and shape of UHMWPE wear particles can be generated through rubbing against a textured surface.
The basic principles of surface texturing to generate different size and shape of wear particles through rubbing have been developed. The surface features are fabricated through conventional semiconductor microfabrication techniques. Various designs were attempted and the results suggested that micro-cutting mechanisms of a visco-elastic material are complex but can be controlled through three dimensional surface features. Specific length of UHMWPE particles can be generated by controlling the cutting-edge length of a surface wedge. The particle width can be controlled by the cutting-edge height, normal load, and the sliding speed. With appropriate surface-texture design, UHMWPE particles can be generated with desired sizes and shapes.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fang, HW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 35
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 5
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0933-5137
J9 MATERIALWISS WERKST
JI Materialwiss. Werkstofftech.
PD OCT-NOV
PY 2003
VL 34
IS 10-11
BP 976
EP 988
DI 10.1002/mawe.200300683
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 736GQ
UT WOS:000186163400012
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, FQ
Koch, SE
Kaplan, ML
AF Zhang, FQ
Koch, SE
Kaplan, ML
TI Numerical simulations of a large-amplitude mesoscale gravity wave event
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 15 DECEMBER 1987; SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK; STRATIFIED SHEAR-FLOW;
CONVECTIVE STORMS; SQUALL LINE; SENSITIVITY TESTS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS;
UNITED-STATES; EAST-COAST; MODEL
AB Numerical simulations with the NCAR/PSU Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) were performed to study a large-amplitude gravity wave event that occurred on 4 January 1994 along the East Coast of the United States. Results from the MM5 control simulation using a 12-km mesh resolution compared well with the synoptic and mesoscale observational analysis. The simulated gravity waves displayed timing, location, wavelength, and propagation speed similar to those observed in a synoptic-scale environment described by the Uccellini and Koch (1987) conceptual model. Additional features existing upstream of the wave generation region not contained within their conceptual model were a warm occlusion and tropopause fold prior to and during the gravity wave generation. Wave ducting criteria were nearly satisfied along the path of the gravity waves.
Several sensitivity tests were performed. In a simulation in which the Appalachian Mountains were removed, the model still produced similar cyclone development and mesoscale gravity waves. Thus topography was not directly responsible for the gravity wave genesis. Also, three different "fake dry" sensitivity tests were performed with the latent heating related to changes of water substance turned off in the model at different stages of the simulation. The results from these simulations suggest that diabatic heating played an important role in both jet/cyclone development and in gravity wave amplification and maintenance, though not wave generation. The simulation with grid resolution increased to 4 km, which included fully explicit microphysics produced gravity wave characteristics similar to those in the control simulation, though the higher resolution resolved much shorter waves (though unverifiable) closely associated with convection. This 4-km sensitivity experiment with no cumulus parameterization also confirmed that the dominant gravity wave was not an artifact of the particular cumulus parameterization scheme used for the control simulation. The reliability of the simulated gravity waves is further confirmed with another sensitivity experiment initialized similar to20 hours before the observed wave generation in which qualitatively-similar gravity waves were produced.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM fzhang@tamu.edu
RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010
OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985
NR 54
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 3-4
BP 199
EP 216
DI 10.1007/s00703-002-0594-2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 743UD
UT WOS:000186591200004
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, DM
Trapp, RJ
AF Schultz, DM
Trapp, RJ
TI Nonclassical cold-frontal structure caused by dry subcloud air in
northern Utah during the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX)
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL STRUCTURE; SQUALL-LINE; UNITED-STATES; STRATIFORM
PRECIPITATION; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; DISCRETE PROPAGATION; LOWER
TROPOSPHERE; NORTHWEST CHINA; SURFACE FRONTS; DOPPLER RADAR
AB The purpose of the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX) is to improve understanding of precipitating systems in the Intermountain West. Instrumentation deployed during the field phase of IPEX sampled a strong cold front and associated convection that moved through northern Utah on 14-15 February 2000. The surface cold front was characterized by a sharp temperature drop (8degreesC in 8 min), strong pressure rise (3 hPa in 30 min), and gusts to 40 m s(-1). The temperature drop at high-elevation surface stations (2500-3000 m MSL) preceded the temperature drop at low-elevation surface stations (1290-2000 m MSL) by as much as an hour, implying a forward- or downshear-tilting frontal structure. Consistent with the cooling aloft, a hydrostatic pressure rise and wind shift preceded the temperature drop at the surface. Radar captured the rapid evolution of the wind shift line into a gravity current. A forward- sloping cloud with mammatus and a 20-hPa-deep superadiabatic layer underneath were observed by radar and radiosondes, respectively. Shading from this forward- sloping cloud is believed to have produced a surface-based prefrontal inversion upon which a solitary gravity wave traveled. These and other observations reveal that the forward- sloping cloud generated by a shortwave trough aloft was producing precipitation that sublimated, melted, and evaporated in the dry subcloud air (dewpoint depression of 58-10degreesC), causing the cooling aloft and the nonclassical frontal structure.
Although the storm-total precipitation associated with this system was generally light (less than 20 mm at all observing sites), the amount of precipitation was strongly a function of elevation. During one 6-h period, precipitation at stations above cloud base (roughly 2000 m MSL) varied widely, mostly due to orographic effects, although precipitation amounts at most stations were about 7-11 mm. In contrast, precipitation amounts decreased with distance below cloud base, consistent with sublimation and evaporation in the dry subcloud air.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010
OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975
NR 91
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 10
BP 2222
EP 2246
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2222:NCSCBD>2.0.CO;2
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722AX
UT WOS:000185353100002
ER
PT J
AU Franklin, JL
Avila, LA
Beven, JL
Lawrence, MB
Pasch, RJ
Stewart, SR
AF Franklin, JL
Avila, LA
Beven, JL
Lawrence, MB
Pasch, RJ
Stewart, SR
TI Eastern North Pacific hurricane season of 2002
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; INTENSITY; SCHEME
AB The 2002 eastern North Pacific hurricane season is summarized and the year's tropical cyclones are described. The season featured 12 named tropical storms, of which 6 became hurricanes. Five of the six hurricanes reached an intensity of 100 kt or higher. There were two landfalling cyclones, Tropical Storm Julio and Hurricane Kenna. Kenna, which made landfall near San Blas, Mexico, with winds of near 120 kt, was responsible for four deaths.
C1 NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
RP Franklin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 10
BP 2379
EP 2393
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2379:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722AX
UT WOS:000185353100011
ER
PT J
AU Stensrud, DJ
Yussouf, N
AF Stensrud, DJ
Yussouf, N
TI Short-range ensemble predictions of 2-m temperature and dewpoint
temperature over New England
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIMODEL SUPERENSEMBLE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MESOSCALE MODEL;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; TESTS; WEATHER; SKILL
AB A multimodel short-range ensemble forecasting system created as part of a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration pilot program on temperature and air quality forecasting over New England during the summer of 2002 is evaluated. A simple 7-day running mean bias correction is applied individually to each of the 23 ensemble members. Various measures of accuracy are used to compare these bias-corrected ensemble predictions of 2-m temperature and dewpoint temperature with those available from the nested grid model (NGM) model output statistics (MOS). Results indicate that the bias-corrected ensemble mean prediction is as accurate as the NGM MOS for temperature predictions, and is more accurate than the NGM MOS for dewpoint temperature predictions, for the 48 days studied during the warm season. When the additional probabilistic information from the ensemble is examined, results indicate that the ensemble clearly provides value above that of NGM MOS for both variables, especially as the events become more unlikely. Results also indicate that the ensemble has some ability to predict forecast skill for temperature with a correlation between ensemble spread and the error of the ensemble mean of greater than 0.7 for some forecast periods. The use of a multimodel ensemble clearly helps to improve the spread-skill relationship.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770
NR 55
TC 42
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 131
IS 10
BP 2510
EP 2524
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2510:SEPOMT>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722AX
UT WOS:000185353100019
ER
PT J
AU Potma, EO
Evans, C
Xie, XS
Jones, RJ
Ye, J
AF Potma, EO
Evans, C
Xie, XS
Jones, RJ
Ye, J
TI Picosecond-pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOCKED TI-AL2O3 LASER; GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We experimentally demonstrate the amplification of picosecond pulses at high repetition rates through the coherent addition of successive pulses of a mode-locked pulse train in a high-finesse optical cavity equipped with cavity dumping. Amplification greater than 30 times is obtained at a repetition rate of 253 kHz, boosting the 5.3-nJ pulses from a commercial mode-locked picosecond Ti:sapphire laser to pulse energies of more than 150 nJ. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Potma, EO (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62536-01]
NR 13
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 28
IS 19
BP 1835
EP 1837
DI 10.1364/OL.28.001835
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 723MQ
UT WOS:000185436500035
PM 14514117
ER
PT J
AU Davidson, MA
Miglarese, AH
AF Davidson, MA
Miglarese, AH
TI Digital coast and The National Map: A seamless cooperative
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has readily accepted the challenge of championing the Coastal National Spatial Data Infrastructure, the "framework" spatial in-formation of the coastal resource management community This effort is described as the Digital Coast. The Digital Coast information framework includes a seamless transition between land and sea with regard to elevation and bathymetry. As with all information initiatives, it is not enough just to build the information described. This information must be built to national standards to be of greatest utility to the user and to avoid needless duplication of effort. Additionally, the data must be well documented and readily available to professional coastal resource managers and average citizens alike. The Digital Coast must be available via the Internet, and the user community must have the knowledge necessary to fully utilize and extend the value of the information to their unique applications. The initiative calls together the Department of Commerces (DOC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGs), and other Federal agencies to work with the states, the private sector, and acade-mia to create a seamless Digital Coast. The initiative will work to organize these spatial data using the protocols described by Presidential Executive Order 12906 and by using procedures endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). Digital Coast is the coastal and ocean component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and, as such, will directly contribute to the development of The National Map.
C1 NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
RP Davidson, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
EM margaret.davidson@noaa.gov; Anne.Miglarese@noaa.gov
NR 3
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 69
IS 10
BP 1127
EP 1131
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 817RI
UT WOS:000221194200007
ER
PT J
AU Baker-Jarvis, J
Kabos, P
AF Baker-Jarvis, J
Kabos, P
TI Modified de Broglie approach applied to the Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon
equations
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MINIMUM FISHER INFORMATION; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; DERIVATION; PRINCIPLE
AB The goal of this paper is an extension of the de Broglie wave mechanics model for a single spinless particle in an electromagnetic field. The analysis indicates that the motion of a particle separates naturally into particle dynamics through the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation and quantum wave behavior through a pilot or interaction wave equation. The interaction wave equation travels at the. classical particle velocity. We study gauge invariance and interpret it in the light of the interaction wave. The Heisenberg uncertainty relations are shown to be implicit in the interaction wave. We also develop a complex quantum-mechanical, relativistic energy-momentum conservation expression using a complex quantum-mechanical four-vector.
C1 NIST, Radiofrequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), NIST, Radiofrequency Technol Div, MS 813-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 16
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 042110
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042110
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750PJ
UT WOS:000187004700016
ER
PT J
AU Ballard, JB
Arrowsmith, AN
Huwel, L
Dai, XC
Leone, SR
AF Ballard, JB
Arrowsmith, AN
Huwel, L
Dai, XC
Leone, SR
TI Inducing a sign inversion in one state of a two-state superposition
using ultrafast pulse shaping
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID FEMTOSECOND WAVE-PACKET; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; LI-2; ALGORITHM;
IMPLEMENTATION; OPTIMIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENCES; COMPUTER; PHASE
AB An ultrafast pulse shaping scheme is presented that transiently modifies a two-state superposition on the E(l)Sigma(g)(+) curve of the lithium dimer. At short time delays, the wave-function amplitude of one of the states is forced to undergo a sign change, while the sign of the second state is programmed to remain static, analogous to the operation of a quantum-computational Z gate. This is observed as a pi phase shift in the time-dependent wave-packet signal for pump-probe delays <1.5 ps, relative to longer time. delays, greater than 2.5 ps. This shift in sign is accomplished by taking advantage of the separability of the resonant and nonresonant light field effects in the creation of the excited-state wave function. The results show that, for a single state, the resonant and nonresonant light field effects can either be added or subtracted to create the total time evolution of the excited-state wave-function coefficient. If the nonresonant contributions are subtracted from the resonant ones at a time delay when the nonresonant term dominates, then for a short time the excited-state coefficient will have a sign opposite to that at long time, where the resonant term dominates. A desired phase function is derived to produce the opposition in sign of resonant versus nonresonant contributions, and the experimental transient Z-gate matrix elements are quantified.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ballard, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 043409
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.043409
PN B
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 770EZ
UT WOS:000188711400009
ER
PT J
AU Bannister, AE
Krause, HF
Vane, CR
Djuric, N
Popovic, DB
Stepanovic, M
Dunn, GH
Chung, YS
Smith, ACH
Wallbank, B
AF Bannister, AE
Krause, HF
Vane, CR
Djuric, N
Popovic, DB
Stepanovic, M
Dunn, GH
Chung, YS
Smith, ACH
Wallbank, B
TI Electron-impact dissociation of CH(+) ions: Measurement of C(+) fragment
ions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; STATE; RECOMBINATION;
IONIZATION; TRANSITION; COLLISION; PLASMA; EXCITATION; B3-SIGMA
AB Absolute cross sections for electron-impact dissociation of CH(+) producing C(+) fragment ions were measured in the 3-100 eV range using a crossed electron-ion beams technique with total uncertainties of about 10% near the cross-section peak. Although the measured energy dependence agrees well with two sets of storage ring measurements, the magnitude of the present results lies about 15-25 % below the other results at the cross-section peak near 40 eV. Below 10 eV, the present data tend to exceed the storage ring data, consistent with the presence of excited states in the CH(+) ion beam. For energies above 29 eV, the cross sections should also include contributions from dissociative ionization, though no clear onset of this channel is evident in any of the three sets of measured data.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taejon 305764, South Korea.
UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Phys, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada.
RP Bannister, AE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM bannisterme@ornl.gov
NR 32
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 042714
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042714
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750PJ
UT WOS:000187004700072
ER
PT J
AU Barrett, MD
DeMarco, B
Schaetz, T
Meyer, V
Leibfried, D
Britton, J
Chiaverini, J
Itano, WM
Jelenkovic, B
Jost, JD
Langer, C
Rosenband, T
Wineland, DJ
AF Barrett, MD
DeMarco, B
Schaetz, T
Meyer, V
Leibfried, D
Britton, J
Chiaverini, J
Itano, WM
Jelenkovic, B
Jost, JD
Langer, C
Rosenband, T
Wineland, DJ
TI Sympathetic cooling of Be-9(+) and Mg-24(+) for quantum logic
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAPPED IONS; PAUL TRAP; MANIPULATION; MICROMOTION; CRYSTALS; COMPUTER;
GATE
AB We demonstrate the cooling of a two species ion crystal consisting of one Be-9(+) and one Mg-24(+) ion. Since the respective cooling transitions of these two species are separated by more than 30 nm, laser manipulation of one ion has negligible effect on the other even when the ions are not individually addressed. As such this is a useful system for reinitializing the motional state in an ion trap quantum computer without affecting the qubit information. Additionally, we have found that the mass difference between ions enables a method for detecting and subsequently eliminating the effects of radio frequency micromotion.
C1 NIST, Ion Storage Grp, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Barrett, MD (reprint author), NIST, Ion Storage Grp, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012
NR 31
TC 102
Z9 102
U1 4
U2 16
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 042302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042302
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750PJ
UT WOS:000187004700021
ER
PT J
AU Brennen, GK
Williams, JE
AF Brennen, GK
Williams, JE
TI Entanglement dynamics in one-dimensional quantum cellular automata
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
AB Several proposed schemes for the physical realization of a quantum computer consist of qubits arranged in a cellular array. In the quantum circuit model of quantum computation, an often complex series of two-qubit gate operations is required between arbitrarily distant pairs of lattice qubits. An alternative model of quantum computation based on quantum cellular automata (QCA) requires only homogeneous local interactions that can be implemented in parallel. This would be a huge simplification in an actual experiment. We find some minimal physical requirements for the construction of unitary QCA in a one-dimensional Ising spin chain and demonstrate optimal pulse sequences for information transport and entanglement distribution. We also introduce the theory of nonunitary QCA and show by example that nonunitary rules can generate environment assisted entanglement.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brennen, GK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009
OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X
NR 27
TC 23
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 042311
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042311
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750PJ
UT WOS:000187004700030
ER
PT J
AU Itano, WM
AF Itano, WM
TI Comment on "Some implications of the quantum nature of laser fields for
quantum computations"
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB A recent discussion of quantum limitations to the fidelity with which superpositions of internal atomic energy levels can be generated by an applied, quantized, laser pulse, is shown to be based on unrealistic physical assumptions. This discussion assumed the validity of Jaynes-Cummings dynamics for an atom interacting with a laser field in free space, that is, when the atom is not surrounded by a resonant cavity. If the laser field is a multimode quantum coherent state, and the Rabi frequency is much greater than the spontaneous decay rate, then the total atomic decoherence rate is on the order of the spontaneous decay rate. With the use of a unitary transformation of the field states due to Mollow, it can be shown that the atomic decoherence rate is the same as if the laser field were treated classically, without any additional contribution due to the quantum nature of the laser field.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Itano, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 9
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 046301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.046301
PN B
PG 2
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 770EZ
UT WOS:000188711400079
ER
PT J
AU Le Bigot, EO
Jentschura, UD
Mohr, PJ
Indelicato, P
Soff, G
AF Le Bigot, EO
Jentschura, UD
Mohr, PJ
Indelicato, P
Soff, G
TI Perturbation approach to the self-energy of non-S hydrogenic states
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; COULOMB GREENS FUNCTION; RADIATIVE LEVEL
SHIFTS; LAMB-SHIFT; BETHE LOGARITHMS; RYDBERG CONSTANT;
FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; DEUTERIUM ATOMS; EXCITED-STATES; FINE-STRUCTURE
AB We present results on the self-energy correction to the energy levels of hydrogen and hydrogenlike ions. The self-energy represents the largest QED correction to the relativistic (Dirac-Coulomb) energy of a bound electron. We focus on the perturbation expansion of the self-energy of non-S states, and provide estimates of the so-called A(60) perturbation coefficient, which can be viewed as a relativistic Bethe logarithm. Precise values of A(60) are given for many P, D, F, and G states, while estimates are given for other states. These results can be used in high-precision spectroscopy experiments in hydrogen and hydrogenlike ions. They yield the best available estimate of the self-energy correction of many atomic states.
C1 Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France.
Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
RP Le Bigot, EO (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France.
RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011
OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958
NR 64
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 042101
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.042101
PG 17
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 750PJ
UT WOS:000187004700007
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, M
Helmerson, K
You, L
AF Zhang, M
Helmerson, K
You, L
TI Entanglement and spin squeezing of Bose-Einstein-condensed atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; COLD ATOMS; STATES; TRAP; IONS;
PHOTOASSOCIATION; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT; FIELD
AB We propose a direct, coherent coupling scheme that can create massively entangled states of Bose-Einstein-condensed atoms. Our idea is based on an effective interaction between two atoms from coherent Raman processes through a (two-atom) molecular intermediate state. We compare our scheme with other recent proposals for generation of massive entanglement of Bose-Einstein-condensed atoms. We also present explicit calculations that support the possibility of detecting maximally entangled states without requiring single-atom resolved measurements.
C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Zhang, Mei/F-1252-2015
OI Zhang, Mei/0000-0002-9728-9001
NR 45
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 043622
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.043622
PN B
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 770EZ
UT WOS:000188711400036
ER
PT J
AU Granado, E
Ling, CD
Neumeier, JJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
AF Granado, E
Ling, CD
Neumeier, JJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
TI Inhomogeneous magnetism in La-doped CaMnO3. II. Nanometric-scale spin
clusters and long-range spin canting
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE MODEL; FERROMAGNETIC KONDO MODEL; PHASE-SEPARATION;
NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC MODELS; MANGANITES; DIAGRAM;
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETORESISTANCE; RESISTIVITY
AB Neutron measurements on Ca1-xLaxMnO3 (0.00less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.20) reveal the development of magnetic droplets showing a liquidlike intercluster spatial distribution. The average size of the droplets is similar to10 Angstrom, the concentration of which in the G-AFM matrix being proportional to x (one cluster per similar to60 doped electrons). In addition, a long-range ordered ferromagnetic component is observed for 0.05less than or similar toxless than or similar to0.14. This component is perpendicularly coupled to the simple G-type antiferromagnetic (G-AFM) structure of the undoped compound, which is a signature of a G-AFM+FM spin-canted state. The possible relationship between cluster formation and the stabilization of a long-range spin canting for intermediate doping is discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM granado@lnls.br
RI Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012
OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106;
NR 32
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 13
AR 134440
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134440
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VN
UT WOS:000186422400094
ER
PT J
AU Klaui, M
Vaz, CAF
Bland, JAC
Monchesky, TL
Unguris, J
Bauer, E
Cherifi, S
Heun, S
Locatelli, A
Heyderman, LJ
Cui, Z
AF Klaui, M
Vaz, CAF
Bland, JAC
Monchesky, TL
Unguris, J
Bauer, E
Cherifi, S
Heun, S
Locatelli, A
Heyderman, LJ
Cui, Z
TI Direct observation of spin configurations and classification of
switching processes in mesoscopic ferromagnetic rings
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NARROW RINGS; MAGNETS; NANOMAGNETS
AB Using nonintrusive imaging techniques we have directly observed the nanoscopic details of the magnetization configurations of epitaxial and polycrystalline mesoscopic ring structures with a <15-nm resolution. We have found head to head domain walls with different spin structures depending on ring width. Further, we can classify the geometry dependent switching processes according to the number of transitions (single, double, triple) that a ring undergoes in a hysteresis cycle. In the case of triple switching we find a state with a complete vortex core present in the ring.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy.
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Micro & Nanotechnol, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
RP Bland, JAC (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Fachbereich Phys, Univ Str 10, D-78457 Constance, Germany.
RI Heun, Stefan/B-4406-2011; Vaz, Carlos/A-7240-2012; Unguris,
John/J-3989-2014; Klaui, Mathias/B-6972-2009; Heyderman,
Laura/E-7959-2015; Cherifi-Hertel, Salia/H-9919-2016
OI Heun, Stefan/0000-0003-1989-5679; Vaz, Carlos/0000-0002-6209-8918;
Klaui, Mathias/0000-0002-4848-2569; Cherifi-Hertel,
Salia/0000-0002-9617-2098
NR 19
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 13
AR 134426
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134426
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VN
UT WOS:000186422400080
ER
PT J
AU Ling, CD
Granado, E
Neumeier, JJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
AF Ling, CD
Granado, E
Neumeier, JJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
TI Inhomogeneous magnetism in La-doped CaMnO3. I. Mesoscopic phase
separation due to lattice-coupled ferromagnetic interactions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MANGANITES; PEROVSKITE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAROKITE;
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; CAMN2O4
AB A detailed investigation of mesoscopic magnetic and crystallographic phase separation in Ca1-xLaxMnO3, 0.00less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.20, is reported. Neutron powder diffraction and dc-magnetization techniques have been used to isolate the different roles played by electrons doped into the e(g) level as a function of their concentration x. The presence of multiple low-temperature magnetic and crystallographic phases within individual polycrystalline samples is argued to be an intrinsic feature of the system that follows from the shifting balance between competing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions as a function of temperature. FM double-exchange interactions associated with doped e(g) electrons are favored over competing AFM interactions at higher temperatures, and couple more strongly with the lattice via orbital polarization. These FM interactions thereby play a privileged role, even at low e(g) electron concentrations, by virtue of structural modifications induced above the AFM transition temperatures.
C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
RP Ling, CD (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
RI Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012
OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106;
NR 31
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 13
AR 134439
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134439
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VN
UT WOS:000186422400093
ER
PT J
AU Matsuura, M
Dai, PC
Kang, HJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
Prokes, K
Onose, Y
Tokura, Y
AF Matsuura, M
Dai, PC
Kang, HJ
Lynn, JW
Argyriou, DN
Prokes, K
Onose, Y
Tokura, Y
TI Effect of a magnetic field on the long-range magnetic order in
insulating Nd2CuO4 and nonsuperconducting and superconducting
Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY;
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ND2-XCEXCUO4; TRANSITIONS;
DEPENDENCE; SYMMETRY; VORTEX; STATE
AB We have measured the effect of a c-axis-aligned magnetic field on the long-range magnetic order of insulating Nd2CuO4, as-grown nonsuperconducting and superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. On cooling from room temperature, Nd2CuO4 goes through a series of antiferromagnetic (AF) phase transitions with different noncollinear spin structures. In all phases of Nd2CuO4, we find that the applied c-axis field induces a canting of the AF order but does not alter the basic zero-field noncollinear spin structures. A similar behavior is also found in as-grown nonsuperconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. These results contrast dramatically with those of superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4, where the c-axis-aligned magnetic field induces a static, anomalously conducting, long-range ordered AF state. We confirm that the annealing process necessary to make superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 also induces epitaxial, three-dimensional long-range-ordered cubic (Nd,Ce)(2)O-3 as a small impurity phase. In addition, the annealing process makes a series of quasi-two-dimensional superlattice reflections associated with lattice distortions of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 in the CuO2 plane. While the application of a magnetic field will induce a net moment in the impurity phase, we determine its magnitude and eliminate this as a possibility for the observed magnetic-field-induced effect in superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. This is confirmed by measurements of the (1/2,1/2,3) peak, which is not lattice matched to the impurity phase.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
Charles Univ, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic.
Japan Sci & Technol, ERATO, Spin Superstruct Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan.
Correlated Electron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan.
Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Tokura,
Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Matsuura,
Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271
NR 37
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 14
AR 144503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.144503
PG 13
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VP
UT WOS:000186422500071
ER
PT J
AU Osborn, KD
Van Harlingen, DJ
Aji, V
Goldenfeld, N
Oh, S
Eckstein, JN
AF Osborn, KD
Van Harlingen, DJ
Aji, V
Goldenfeld, N
Oh, S
Eckstein, JN
TI Critical dynamics of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta films
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC PENETRATION DEPTH; T-C; 2-DIMENSIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS;
YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; 2-COIL APPARATUS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CONDUCTIVITY;
FLUCTUATIONS; FIELD; DEPENDENCE
AB We report on a systematic investigation of the critical fluctuations in the complex conductivity of epitaxially grown Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta films for Tless than or similar toT(c) using a two-coil inductive technique at zero applied field. We observe the static three-dimensional (3D) XY critical exponent in the superfluid density near T-c. Linear scaling analysis close to the critical temperature yields a dynamic critical exponent of zapproximate to2.0 for small drive currents, but nonlinear effects are seen to be important. At T-c, a nonlinear scaling analysis also yields a 3D dynamic exponent of z=2.0+/-0.1.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Osborn, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 14
AR 144516
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.144516
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VP
UT WOS:000186422500084
ER
PT J
AU Sosolik, CE
Stroscio, JA
Stiles, MD
Hudson, EW
Blankenship, SR
Fein, AP
Celotta, RJ
AF Sosolik, CE
Stroscio, JA
Stiles, MD
Hudson, EW
Blankenship, SR
Fein, AP
Celotta, RJ
TI Real-space imaging of structural transitions in the vortex lattice of
V3Si
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUX LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DENSITY; STATES
AB The predictions of nonlocal London theory are confirmed by real-space measurements of the hexagonal-to-square transition in the vortex lattice structure of V3Si. We observe that the lattice transforms from hexagonal to nearly square over the field range of 0-4 T for fields applied along the [001] direction. Above approximate to0.75 T, we find that the lattice orientation is strongly linked to the symmetry of the underlying V3Si crystal and has a (100) symmetry plane. Near the rhombus-to-square transition at 4 T, we observe anisotropic long-range translational order, consistent with predictions of the elasticity of the lattice near this transition.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sosolik, CE (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RI Sosolik, Chad/D-3671-2011; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Hudson,
Eric/C-2746-2008
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Hudson, Eric/0000-0001-7064-0351
NR 12
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 14
AR 140503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.140503
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VP
UT WOS:000186422500015
ER
PT J
AU Wiebe, CR
Greedan, JE
Kyriakou, PP
Luke, GM
Gardner, JS
Fukaya, A
Gat-Malureanu, IM
Russo, PL
Savici, AT
Uemura, YJ
AF Wiebe, CR
Greedan, JE
Kyriakou, PP
Luke, GM
Gardner, JS
Fukaya, A
Gat-Malureanu, IM
Russo, PL
Savici, AT
Uemura, YJ
TI Frustration-driven spin freezing in the S=1/2 fcc perovskite Sr2MgReO6
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC
FRUSTRATION; LATTICE; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; Y2MO2O7; RHENIUM; CUMN
AB The ordered perovskite Sr2MgReO6 of tetragonal symmetry [I4/m, a=5.5670(1) Angstrom, c=7.9318(2) Angstrom at T=295 K] has been synthesized and characterized by x-ray and neutron diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis dc susceptibility, heat capacity, and muon spin relaxation (muSR) experiments. The B site cations Re6+ and Mg2+ appear to be ordered due the large difference in formal charge. The Re6+ magnetic ions form a distorted fcc lattice of S=1/2 spins providing a frustrated topology of edge-shared tetrahedra. The material exhibits a weak magnetic glassiness shown by a cusp at similar to50 K in the dc susceptibility, a weak but broad heat capacity anomaly, and a low-temperature muSR line shape characteristic of a spin-glass state. A broad and strongly field- dependent maximum in the dc susceptibility suggests that magnetic correlations persist to similar to175 K, accompanied by a divergence in the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled susceptibility. The anisotropic nature of the superexchange pathways due to the tetragonal distortion is thought to disrupt the ideal frustrated environment and lead to weaker glassiness than Sr2CaReO6, which has T(G)similar to14 K, and a large specific heat anomaly. In contrast, Sr2MgReO6 has a small anomaly, and only about 3% of the entropy is released at T(G)similar to50 K, which is comparable to other unconventional spin glasses such as the jarosite (H3O)Fe-3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)(similar to6%). T(G)similar to50 K is unusually high for this class of materials.
C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Greedan, JE (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
RI Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Gardner,
Jason/A-1532-2013
OI Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967;
NR 34
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 13
AR 134410
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134410
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VN
UT WOS:000186422400064
ER
PT J
AU Zheludev, A
Honda, Z
Broholm, CL
Katsumata, K
Shapiro, SM
Kolezhuk, A
Park, S
Qiu, Y
AF Zheludev, A
Honda, Z
Broholm, CL
Katsumata, K
Shapiro, SM
Kolezhuk, A
Park, S
Qiu, Y
TI Massive triplet excitations in a magnetized anisotropic Haldane spin
chain
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID S=1 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; GAP ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEUTRON-SCATTERING;
FIELD-THEORY; DYNAMICS; MODEL; PHASE
AB Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the Haldane-gap quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6) are performed at mK temperatures in magnetic fields of almost twice the critical field H-c applied perpendicular to the spin chains. Above H-c a reopening of the spin gap is clearly observed. In the high-field Neel-ordered state the spectrum is dominated by three distinct excitation branches. A theoretical model consistently describing the experimental data is proposed.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Saitama Univ, Fac Engn, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RIKEN, Harima Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Univ Hannover, Inst Theoret Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Natl Acad Sci, Inst Magnetism, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine.
Minist Educ Ukraine, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20743 USA.
RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Kolezhuk, Alexei/A-3311-2009
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kolezhuk,
Alexei/0000-0002-9739-0986
NR 26
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT 1
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 13
AR 134438
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.134438
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 740VN
UT WOS:000186422400092
ER
PT J
AU Chen, WR
Mallamace, F
Glinka, CJ
Fratini, E
Chen, SH
AF Chen, WR
Mallamace, F
Glinka, CJ
Fratini, E
Chen, SH
TI Neutron- and light-scattering studies of the liquid-to-glass and
glass-to-glass transitions in dense copolymer micellar solutions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID MODE-COUPLING-THEORY; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS;
SYSTEM; PERCOLATION; SURFACTANT; STATES
AB Recent mode coupling theory (MCT) calculations show that if a short-range attractive interaction is added to the pure hard sphere system, one may observe a new type of glass originating from the clustering effect (the attractive glass) as a result of the attractive interaction. This is in addition to the known glass-forming mechanism due to the cage effect in the hard sphere system (the repulsive glass). The calculations also indicate that if the range of attraction is sufficiently short compared to the diameter of the particle, within a certain interval of volume fractions where the two glass-forming mechanisms nearly balance each other, varying the external control parameter, the effective temperature, makes the glass-to-liquid-to-glass reentrance and the glass-to-glass transitions possible. Here we present experimental evidence of both transitions, obtained from small-angle neutron-scattering and photon correlation measurements taken from dense L64 copolymer micellar solutions in heavy water. Varying the temperature in certain predicted volume fraction range triggers a sharp transition between these two different types of glass. In particular, according to MCT, there is an end point (called A(3) singularity) of this glass-to-glass transition line, beyond which the long-time dynamics of the two glasses become identical. Our findings confirm this theoretical prediction. Surprisingly, although the Debye-Waller factors, the long-time limit of the coherent intermediate scattering functions, of these two glasses obtained from photon correlation measurements indeed become identical at the predicted volume fraction, they exhibit distinctly different intermediate time relaxation. Furthermore, our experimental results obtained from volume fractions beyond the end point are characterized by the same features as the repulsive glass obtained before the end point. A complete phase diagram giving the boundaries of the structural arrest transitions for L64 micellar system is given.
C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
Univ Messina, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
RP Chen, WR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530
NR 25
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 4
AR 041402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.041402
PN 1
PG 15
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 743JR
UT WOS:000186569100027
PM 14682940
ER
PT J
AU Ostrovsky, LA
Grue, J
AF Ostrovsky, LA
Grue, J
TI Evolution equations for strongly nonlinear internal waves
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLITARY WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; AMPLITUDE; SOLITONS; SURFACE; WATER;
OCEAN; SEA
AB This paper is concerned with shallow-water equations for strongly nonlinear internal waves in a two-layer fluid, and comparison of their solitary solutions with the results of fully nonlinear computations and with experimental data. This comparison is necessary due to a contradictory nature of these equations which combine strong nonlinearity and weak dispersion. First, the Lagrangian (Whitham's) method for dispersive shallow-water waves is applied to derivation of equations equivalent to the Choi-Camassa (CC) equations. Then, using the Riemann invariants for strongly nonlinear, nondispersive waves, we obtain unidirectional, evolution equations with nonlinear dispersive terms. The latter are first derived from the CC equations and then introduced semiphenomenologically as quasistationary generalizations of weakly nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Ono models. Solitary solutions for these equations are obtained and verified against fully nonlinear computations. Comparisons are also made with available observational data for extremely strong solitons in coastal zones with well expressed pycnoclines. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Oslo, Dept Math, Mech Div, Oslo, Norway.
RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305
NR 25
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-6631
J9 PHYS FLUIDS
JI Phys. Fluids
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2934
EP 2948
DI 10.1063/1.1604133
PG 15
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 720PB
UT WOS:000185268200015
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, CD
Mapes, BE
Soden, BJ
AF Zhang, CD
Mapes, BE
Soden, BJ
TI Bimodality in tropical water vapour
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE humidity; mixing; probability distribution function
ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WESTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;
GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRY AIR; CONVECTION; CLIMATE;
VARIABILITY
AB Probability distribution functions of tropospheric water vapour in the tropics are shown to be commonly bimodal. This bimodality implies sharp gradients between dry and moist regimes in space and time. A method of testing for and quantifying bimodality is introduced. Using this method, the bimodality of water vapour is surveyed in satellite and in situ observations, as well as in global model re-analysis data and simulations. The bimodality suggests that the radiative drying time after an injection of moisture by convection is short (1-2 days) compared to a homogenizing time, whether physical (mixing) or mathematical (averaging). It is shown that the local bimodality found in cloud-model simulations and in situ point measurements disappears with modest time averaging (18 h and 200 km), but then reappears on the global-scale, where dry and moist regions are separated so widely that synoptic- and large-scale mixing times exceed the drying time-scale. Large discrepancies exist in the ability to reproduce the global-scale bimodality by global model re-analysis and simulations.
C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Zhang, CD (reprint author), 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010
NR 45
TC 56
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI READING
PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 594
BP 2847
EP 2866
DI 10.1256/qj.02.166
PN A
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 741EH
UT WOS:000186445400001
ER
PT J
AU Waliser, DE
Stern, W
Schubert, S
Lau, KM
AF Waliser, DE
Stern, W
Schubert, S
Lau, KM
TI Dynamic predictability of intraseasonal variability associated with the
Asian summer monsoon
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Review
DE climate prediction; Madden-Julian Oscillation; numerical weather
forecast
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION
MODELS; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT; CUMULUS CLOUD ENSEMBLE; INDIAN MONSOON;
EL-NINO; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL ANOMALIES; RANGE PREDICTION
AB The objective of this study is to estimate the limit of dynamical predictability for the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) associated with the Asian summer monsoon. Ensembles of 'twin' predictability experiments were carried out with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Laboratory for the Atmospheres atmospheric general circulation model using specified annual cycle sea surface temperatures. Initial conditions were taken from a 10-year control simulation during periods of strong ISO activity identified via extended empirical orthogonal function analysis of 30-90 day band-passed tropical rainfall. From this analysis, 21 cases were chosen for each of four distinct phases of the ISO cycle, making 84 cases in total. Two different sets of small random perturbations were added to these 84 initial states. Simulations were then performed for 90 days from each of these 168 perturbed initial conditions. A measure of potential predictability was constructed based on a ratio of the signal associated with the ISO, in terms of rainfall or 200 hPa velocity potential (VP200), and the mean-square difference between sets of twin forecasts. This ratio indicates that the limit of predictability for this model's ISO extends out to about 25 days for VP200 and to about 15 days for rainfall. The predictability measure shows modest dependence on the strength of the ISO events, with stronger events having a greater limit of predictability by a few days. It also exhibits a dependence on the phase of the ISO, with greater predictability for the convective phase at short (less than or similar to5 days) lead times and for the suppressed phase at longer (greater than or similar to 15 days) lead times. The implications of these results as well as their associated model and analysis caveats are discussed.
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Waliser, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM duane.waliser@sunysb.edu
RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012
OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691
NR 104
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 594
BP 2897
EP 2925
DI 10.1256/qj.02.51
PN A
PG 29
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 741EH
UT WOS:000186445400004
ER
PT J
AU Markowicz, KM
Flatau, PJ
Vogelmann, AM
Quinn, PK
Welton, EJ
AF Markowicz, KM
Flatau, PJ
Vogelmann, AM
Quinn, PK
Welton, EJ
TI Clear-sky infrared aerosol radiative forcing at the surface and the top
of the atmosphere
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol forcing; aerosol infrared forcing; climate change
ID MINERAL AEROSOLS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLOUDS;
APPROXIMATIONS; CALIBRATION; EXTINCTION; INSTRUMENT; SCATTERING;
POLLUTION
AB We study the aerosol radiative forcing at infrared (IR) wavelengths using data from the Aerosol Characterization Experiment. ACE-Asia, cruise of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel Ronald H. Brown. The analyses apply to the daytime periods of clear-sky conditions for the area within the immediate vicinity of the ship. An optical model is derived from chemical measurements, lidar profiles, and visible-extinction measurements, which are used to estimate the IR aerosol optical thickness and the single-scattering albedo. The IR model results are compared to detailed Fourier transform interferometer-based IR aerosol forcing estimates, pyrgeometer-based IR downward fluxes, and to observations of the direct aerosol solar forcing. This combined approach attests to the self-consistency of the optical model, and allows us to derive quantities such as the IR forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the IR optical thickness. The mean IR aerosol optical thickness at 10 mum is 0.08 and the single-scattering albedo is 0.55. The modelled IR aerosol surface forcing reaches 10 W m(-2) during the cruise, which is a significant contribution compared to the total direct aerosol forcing. The surface IR aerosol radiative forcing is between 10 and 25% of the short-wave aerosol forcing. The IR aerosol forcing at the TOA can be up to 19% of the solar aerosol forcing. We show good agreement between TOA aerosol IR forcing derived from the model and from the CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) satellite data. Over the Sea of Japan, the average IR aerosol radiative forcing is 4.6 W m(-2) at the surface. and 1.5 W m(-2) at the TOA. The IR forcing efficiency at the TOA is a strong function of aerosol temperature (which is coupled to vertical structure) and changes between 10 and 18 W m(-2) (per IR optical depth unit), while the surface IR forcing efficiency varies between 37 and 55 W m(-2) (per IR optical depth unit).
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Flatau, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM pflatau@ucsd.edu
RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Vogelmann,
Andrew/M-8779-2014; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Quinn,
Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
NR 36
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
EI 1477-870X
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 594
BP 2927
EP 2947
DI 10.1256/qj.02.224
PN A
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 741EH
UT WOS:000186445400005
ER
PT J
AU Austin, J
Butchart, N
AF Austin, J
Butchart, N
TI Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations for the period 1980 to 2020:
Ozone depletion and the start of ozone recovery
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE chlorine; greenhouse gases; stratosphere; trends
ID GRAVITY-WAVE PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDDLE
ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; COLUMN OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; TRENDS;
TROPOSPHERE
AB Two simulations of a coupled chemistry-climate model are completed for the period 1980 to 2020, covering the recent past during which extensive satellite ozone and temperature data exist, and covering the near future when ozone levels are expected to begin to recover. In the first simulation, Rayleigh friction is used to decelerate the polar night jet. In the second simulation, a parametrized spectral gravity-wave forcing scheme is included. This has the effect of considerably reducing the model temperature bias in the polar regions and weakening the polar night jet. In the simulations the concentrations of chlorine, bromine and the well-mixed greenhouse gas concentrations are specified in accordance with past observations and future projected values. The calculated trends in temperature and ozone in the two runs are similar, indicating that model internal variability does not have a significant impact and suggesting that the trends arise largely from changes in external parameters. Typically, after about the year 2000, the trend in the modelled annually averaged ozone changed from a decrease to a small increase. The change was found to be statistically significant in the upper stratosphere and in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica, which are the regions most affected by halogen chemistry. Globally averaged temperature results suggest that the best place to look for future atmospheric change is in the upper stratosphere. Decadally averaged statistics are used to estimate the timing of the start of recovery of total ozone. The simulations indicate no significant further ozone loss from the current atmosphere with minima typically occurring in the years from 2000 to 2005, except in the spring Arctic where ozone values continued to decrease slowly until the end of the integrations. One major problem with the detection of the start of ozone recovery, is that the concentrations of halogens are expected to reduce only slowly from their peak value. Hence, no substantial recovery is simulated before the year 2020. The difficulty in detecting the start of ozone recovery suggests the need to continue the model simulations until the second half of this century which would also help to establish the timing of complete ozone recovery.
C1 Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England.
RP Austin, J (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forestal Rd, Plainsboro, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 33
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 3
PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI READING
PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 129
IS 595
BP 3225
EP 3249
DI 10.1256/qj.02.203
PN B
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 757GJ
UT WOS:000187554400004
ER
PT J
AU Jean, YC
Mallon, PE
Zhang, R
Chen, HM
Li, Y
Zhang, JJ
Wu, YC
Sandreczki, TC
Suzuki, R
Ohdaira, T
Gu, X
Nguyen, T
AF Jean, YC
Mallon, PE
Zhang, R
Chen, HM
Li, Y
Zhang, JJ
Wu, YC
Sandreczki, TC
Suzuki, R
Ohdaira, T
Gu, X
Nguyen, T
TI Positron studies of polymeric coatings
SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry
CY JUL 07-12, 2002
CL KNOXVILLE, TN
DE coatings; weathering; degradation; polymers; slow positrons
ID ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; DEGRADATION; SURFACES;
INTERFACES; PROBE; BEAMS
AB In complicated coating systems, positrons have shown sensitivity in detecting the early stage of deterioration due to weathering, specially, in probing a specific location or depth of coatings from the surface through interfaces and the bulk. Existing extensive experimental positron data show that positron annihilation signals respond quantitatively to the deterioration process due to weathering. Now it is possible to detect the very early stage of coating deterioration at the atomic and molecular scale by using positrons, typically in days as compared to years by conventional methods. This paper summarizes recent positron studies in polymeric coatings. Correlations between positron data and a variety of chemical, physical and engineering data from ESR, AFM, cross-link density, gloss, and cyclic loading are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Chem, Div Polymer Sci, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa.
Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jean, YC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 205 Spencer Chem,Bldg 5100,Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
EM jeany@umkc.edu
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-806X
J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM
JI Radiat. Phys. Chem.
PD OCT-NOV
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 3-4
BP 395
EP 402
DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00190-7
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic,
Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 729NB
UT WOS:000185778900012
ER
PT J
AU Chowdhuri, Z
Hansen, GL
Jane, V
Keith, CD
Lozowski, WM
Snow, WM
Dewey, MS
Gilliam, DM
Greene, GL
Nico, JS
Thompson, AK
Wietfeldtd, FE
AF Chowdhuri, Z
Hansen, GL
Jane, V
Keith, CD
Lozowski, WM
Snow, WM
Dewey, MS
Gilliam, DM
Greene, GL
Nico, JS
Thompson, AK
Wietfeldtd, FE
TI A cryogenic radiometer for absolute neutron rate measurement
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRICAL-SUBSTITUTION RADIOMETER; COUNTING TRAPPED PROTONS;
LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE; LITHIUM METAL; IRRADIATION; DETECTOR; FLUX;
CALORIMETER; DIFFRACTION; BOLOMETER
AB We detail the design and operation of an electrical substitution radiometer, which measures the absolute fluence of thermal neutron beams based on neutron absorption in a Li-6-rich metallic alloy. We demonstrate that the device possesses a linear response to electrical power in the 50-500 nW range with better than 0.1% absolute accuracy and negligible zero offset. We show the response of the radiometer to a 3 meV neutron beam. We compare the noise of the radiometer to the noise observed upstream in a thin rate monitor and show that the radiometer noise is understood quantitatively. We establish that the radiometer measures neutron rates above 10(5) s(-1) to an absolute accuracy of 0.1%. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Chowdhuri, Z (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 74
IS 10
BP 4280
EP 4293
DI 10.1063/1.1605492
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 730RW
UT WOS:000185844800005
ER
PT J
AU Reintsema, CD
Beyer, J
Nam, SW
Deiker, S
Hilton, GC
Irwin, K
Martinis, J
Ullom, J
Vale, LR
Macintosh, M
AF Reintsema, CD
Beyer, J
Nam, SW
Deiker, S
Hilton, GC
Irwin, K
Martinis, J
Ullom, J
Vale, LR
Macintosh, M
TI Prototype system for superconducting quantum interference device
multiplexing of large-format transition-edge sensor arrays
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION
AB We discuss the implementation of a time-division superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing system for the instrumentation of large-format transition-edge sensor arrays. We cover the design and integration of cryogenic SQUID multiplexers and amplifiers, signal management and wiring, analog interface electronics, a digital feedback system, serial-data streaming and management, and system configuration and control. We present data verifying performance of the digital-feedback system. System noise and bandwidth measurements demonstrate the feasibility of adapting this technology for a broad base of applications, including x-ray materials analysis and imaging arrays for-future astronomy missions such as Constellation-X (x-ray) and the SCUBA-2 instrument (submillimeter) for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Reintsema, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 15
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 74
IS 10
BP 4500
EP 4508
DI 10.1063/1.1605259
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 730RW
UT WOS:000185844800041
ER
PT J
AU Mearns, AJ
AF Mearns, AJ
TI Cruise ship wastewater management: Assessing tradeoffs
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 44
IS 10
BP 81
EP 81
PG 1
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 734MV
UT WOS:000186060600010
ER
PT J
AU Cloud, J
AF Cloud, J
TI Special guest-edited issue on the earth sciences in the Cold War -
Introduction
SO SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Cloud, J (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC-3,2nd Floor,E-OC4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM John.Cloud@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0306-3127
J9 SOC STUD SCI
JI Soc. Stud. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 33
IS 5
BP 629
EP 633
DI 10.1177/0306312703335001
PG 5
WC History & Philosophy Of Science
SC History & Philosophy of Science
GA 767DV
UT WOS:000188425700001
ER
PT J
AU Woods, TN
Bailey, SM
Peterson, WK
Solomon, SC
Warren, HP
Eparvier, FG
Garcia, H
Carlson, CW
McFadden, JP
AF Woods, Thomas N.
Bailey, Scott M.
Peterson, W. K.
Solomon, Stanley C.
Warren, Harry P.
Eparvier, Francis G.
Garcia, Howard
Carlson, Charles W.
McFadden, James P.
TI Solar extreme ultraviolet variability of the X-class flare on 21 April
2002 and the terrestrial photoelectron response
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Woods, Thomas N.; Peterson, W. K.; Eparvier, Francis G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Bailey, Scott M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Solomon, Stanley C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Garcia, Howard] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Carlson, Charles W.; McFadden, James P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu; scott.bailey@gi.alaska.edu;
william.peterson@lasp.colorado.edu; stans@ucar.edu;
hwarren@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; eparvier@colorado.edu;
howard.a.garcia@noaa.gov; carlson@ssl.berkeley.edu;
mcfadden@ssl.berkeley.edu
RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009
OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096
FU NASA at the University of Colorado [NAG5-11408]; NASA [NAG5-12449,
NAG5-3596]
FX We thank Phil Richards for his assistance in verifying the photoelectron
transport to higher altitudes, as measured by the FAST instrument, using
his FLIP model. We also thank Phil Richards and Giuliana de Toma for
several useful comments on the manuscript. This work has been supported
by NASA grant NAG5-11408 at the University of Colorado, by NASA grant
NAG5-12449 to the University of Alaska, and by NASA grant NAG5-3596 to
the University of California at Berkeley.
NR 29
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 1
IS 1
DI 10.1029/2003SW000010
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA V31CP
UT WOS:000208862000007
ER
PT J
AU Wittberg, TN
Sen Wang, P
Hsu, SM
AF Wittberg, TN
Sen Wang, P
Hsu, SM
TI Surface oxidation kinetics of SiC powders in wet and dry air studied by
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bremsstrahlung-excited Auger
electron spectroscopy
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE XPS; AES; bremsstrahlung; Sic; oxidation
ID SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMICS; RANGE; AES
AB Silicon carbide powder samples were heated at temperatures between 600 degreesC and 850 degreesC in wet and dry air to investigate the effect of moisture on the oxidation kinetics. Equations were derived to calculate the surface oxide thickness from both the Si 2p XPS spectra and from the Si KLL bremsstrahlung-excited Auger spectra. The oxide film growth rates are shown to be parabolic. The film thickness formed during oxidation in wet air was larger than that in dry air for the same temperature and heating time. The activation energy for wet oxidation was found to be significantly lower than that for dry oxidation within this temperature range. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wittberg, TN (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0142-2421
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 35
IS 10
BP 773
EP 778
DI 10.1002/sia.1598
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 732MU
UT WOS:000185950800001
ER
PT J
AU Lakshmivarahan, S
Honda, Y
Lewis, JM
AF Lakshmivarahan, S
Honda, Y
Lewis, JM
TI Second-order approximation to the 3DVAR cost function: application to
analysis/forecast
SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; ASSIMILATION;
EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM
AB The analysis/forecast cycling scheme used in operational weather prediction centers involves repeated application of a 3DVAR assimilation phase followed by a forecast phase. In this paper we first derive a closed-form expression for the complete Hessian of the 3DVAR objective function. This facilitates the use of Newton-like algorithms in the 3DVAR assimilation phase. It is also shown that this algorithm includes the standard first-order method as a special case. Notwithstanding the method used in this optimization phase. if the iterative optimization is terminated prematurely before convergence (generally for the sake of economy), the resulting analysis incurs an error that will corrupt the initial condition of the model and thereby affect the forecast. Using Lorenz's maximum simplification form of the barotropic vorticity equation, we examine the assimilation error and its dependency on the following factors: observational and background error covariances and the optimization strategy.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Lakshmivarahan, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, 200 Felgar Str, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0280-6495
J9 TELLUS A
JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 55
IS 5
BP 371
EP 384
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2003.00026.x
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 728YF
UT WOS:000185743400001
ER
PT J
AU Ridge, KD
Abdulaev, NG
Sousa, M
Palczewski, K
AF Ridge, KD
Abdulaev, NG
Sousa, M
Palczewski, K
TI Phototransduction: Crystal clear (vol 28, pg 479, 2003)
SO TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Ophthalmol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Ridge, KD (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0968-0004
J9 TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI
JI Trends Biochem.Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 28
IS 10
BP 526
EP 526
DI 10.1016/j.tibs.2003.08.008
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 736LT
UT WOS:000186172800005
ER
PT J
AU Godin, OA
Fuks, IM
AF Godin, OA
Fuks, IM
TI Travel-time statistics for signals scattered at a rough surface
SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM-MEDIA; OCEAN; VELOCITY; WAVES
AB The travel time of signals reflected or refracted by a rough surface is investigated in the geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that surface roughness typically decreases the mean travel time in the case of large-scale roughness, when only one specularly reflecting point moves randomly around its unperturbed position, resulting in a negative travel-time bias (toward early echoes). In the opposite limiting case of multipath propagation, when many specular points exist on a random surface, the travel-time bias is always positive. General results are illustrated by two examples related to ocean remote sensing which involve sound scattering from the ocean surface and bottom.
C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Zel Technol, LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R-ET-1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; ge, lei/G-6169-2011
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149;
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0959-7174
J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA
JI Waves Random Media
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 13
IS 4
BP 205
EP 221
AR PII S0959-7174(03)61320-0
DI 10.1088/0959-7174/13/4/301
PG 17
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 741LA
UT WOS:000186458500003
ER
PT J
AU Brennan, MJ
Lackmann, GM
Koch, SE
AF Brennan, MJ
Lackmann, GM
Koch, SE
TI An analysis of the impact of a split-front rainband on Appalachian
cold-air damming
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES;
ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DIABATIC PROCESSES; SEVERE WEATHER; MODEL;
PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE; CYCLONES
AB Appalachian cold-air damming (CAD) is characterized by the development of a cool, stable air mass that is advected southwestward along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains by low-level ageostrophic flow. Operational forecasters have identified the demise of CAD as a major forecasting challenge, in part because numerical weather prediction models have a tendency to erode the cold air too quickly. Previous studies have considered the role of clouds and precipitation in the initiation and maintenance of CAD; generally, precipitation is thought to reinforce CAD due to the cooling and stabilization resulting from evaporation. Here, the impact of precipitation on CAD during a situation where the lower-tropospheric air mass was near saturation prior to the arrival of precipitation is considered.
Previous studies have indicated that the passage of a cold front can bring about CAD demise, as the synoptic-scale flow becomes northwesterly behind the front and low-level stable air is scoured. Additional complexity is evident in the case of split cold fronts (or cold fronts aloft). In these situations, precipitation bands are found well to the east of the surface cold front and may be accompanied by severe weather. Here, the impact of a split-front rainband on a mature CAD event from 14 February 2000 is investigated.
The coastal front, marking the eastern boundary of the CAD region, made significant inland progress as the split-front rainband passed. Computations from Eta Model forecast fields revealed substantial latent heat release above the cold dome during the passage of the rainband. The CAD cold dome persisted longer in an MM5 model numerical simulation in which the effects of latent heat were withheld relative to both a full-physics control run and to observations. A third model simulation where the low levels of the cold dome were initially dried showed that once saturation occurred, the cold dome began to erode. Analysis of model output and observations suggests that, in this case, precipitation contributed to the retreat of the cold dome through lower-tropospheric pressure falls, an isallobaric wind response, and a resultant inland jump of the coastal front.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Brennan, MJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1125 Jordan Hall,Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 36
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 712
EP 731
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0712:AAOTIO>2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400003
ER
PT J
AU Marshall, CH
Crawford, KC
Mitchell, KE
Stensrud, DJ
AF Marshall, CH
Crawford, KC
Mitchell, KE
Stensrud, DJ
TI The impact of the land surface physics in the operational NCEP Eta model
on simulating the diurnal cycle: Evaluation and testing using Oklahoma
Mesonet data
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WEATHER PREDICTION; SOIL HYDROLOGY; CLOSURE MODELS; LAYER;
PARAMETERIZATION; MOISTURE; FLUXES; SYSTEM; SCHEME; EVAPORATION
AB On 31 January 1996, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC) implemented a state-of-the-art land surface parameterization in the operational Eta Model. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and test its performance and demonstrate its impacts on the diurnal cycle of the modeled planetary boundary layer (PBL). Operational Eta Model output from summer 1997 are evaluated against the unique observations of near-surface and subsurface fields provided by the Oklahoma Mesonet. The evaluation is partially extended to July 1998 to examine the effects of significant changes that were made to the operational model configuration during the intervening time.
Results indicate a severe positive bias in top-layer soil moisture, which was significantly reduced in 1998 by a change in the initialization technique. Net radiation was overestimated, largely because of a positive bias in the downward shortwave component. Also, the ground heat flux was severely underestimated. Given energy balance constraints, the combination of these two factors resulted in too much available energy for the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat. Comparison of model and observed vertical thermodynamic profiles demonstrates that these errors had a marked impact on the model PBL throughout its entire depth. Evidence also is presented that suggests a systematic underestimation of the downward entrainment of relatively warmer, drier air at the top of the PBL during daylight hours.
Analyses of the monthly mean bias of 2-m temperature and specific humidity revealed a cool, moist bias over western Oklahoma, and a warm, dry bias over the eastern portion of the state. A very sharp transition existed across central Oklahoma between these two regimes. The sharp spatial gradient in both the air temperature and humidity bias fields is strikingly correlated with a sharp west-east gradient in the model vegetation greenness database. This result suggests too much (too little) latent heat flux over less ( more) vegetated areas of the model domain.
A series of sensitivity tests are presented that were designed to explore the reasons for the documented error in the simulated surface fluxes. These tests have been used as supporting evidence for changes in the operational model. Specifically, an alternative specification for the soil thermal conductivity yields a more realistic ground heat flux. Also, the alternative thermal conductivity, when combined with a slight adjustment to the thermal roughness length, yields much better internal consistency among the simulated skin temperature and surface fluxes, and better agreement with observations.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Marshall, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
NR 48
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 748
EP 768
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0748:TIOTLS>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400005
ER
PT J
AU Kain, JS
Baldwin, ME
Janish, PR
Weiss, SJ
Kay, MP
Carbin, GW
AF Kain, JS
Baldwin, ME
Janish, PR
Weiss, SJ
Kay, MP
Carbin, GW
TI Subjective verification of numerical models as a component of a broader
interaction between research and operations
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; ETA-MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS;
CONVECTION
AB Systematic subjective verification of precipitation forecasts from two numerical models is presented and discussed. The subjective verification effort was carried out as part of the 2001 Spring Program, a seven-week collaborative experiment conducted at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) and the NWS/Storm Prediction Center, with participation from the NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center, the NOAA/Forecast Systems Laboratory, the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Service Forecast Office, and Iowa State University. This paper focuses on a comparison of the operational Eta Model and an experimental version of this model run at NSSL; results are limited to precipitation forecasts, although other models and model output fields were verified and evaluated during the program.
By comparing forecaster confidence in model solutions to next-day assessments of model performance, this study yields unique information about the utility of models for human forecasters. It is shown that, when averaged over many forecasts, subjective verification ratings of model performance were consistent with preevent confidence levels. In particular, models that earned higher average confidence ratings were also assigned higher average subjective verification scores. However, confidence and verification scores for individual forecasts were very poorly correlated, that is, forecast teams showed little skill in assessing how "good'' individual model forecasts would be. Furthermore, the teams were unable to choose reliably which model, or which initialization of the same model, would produce the "best'' forecast for a given period.
The subjective verification methodology used in the 2001 Spring Program is presented as a prototype for more refined and focused subjective verification efforts in the future. The results demonstrate that this approach can provide valuable insight into how forecasters use numerical models. It has great potential as a complement to objective verification scores and can have a significant positive impact on model development strategies.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kain, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 24
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 847
EP 860
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0847:SVONMA>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400012
ER
PT J
AU Moore, JT
Glass, FH
Graves, CE
Rochette, SM
Singer, MJ
AF Moore, JT
Glass, FH
Graves, CE
Rochette, SM
Singer, MJ
TI The environment of warm-season elevated thunderstorms associated with
heavy rainfall over the central United States
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; FRONTAL SURFACES; WEATHER SYSTEMS;
POSITIVE CAPE; FLOOD; JET; PRECIPITATION; INSTABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY;
EVENTS
AB Twenty-one warm-season heavy-rainfall events in the central United States produced by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that developed above and north of a surface boundary are examined to define the environmental conditions and physical processes associated with these phenomena. Storm-relative composites of numerous kinematic and thermodynamic fields are computed by centering on the heavy-rain-producing region of the parent elevated MCS. Results reveal that the heavy-rain region of elevated MCSs is located on average about 160 km north of a quasi-stationary frontal zone, in a region of low-level moisture convergence that is elongated westward on the cool side of the boundary. The MCS is located within the left-exit region of a south-southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ) and the right-entrance region of an upper-level jet positioned well north of the MCS site. The LLJ is directed toward a divergence maximum at 250 hPa that is coincident with the MCS site. Near-surface winds are light and from the southeast within a boundary layer that is statically stable and cool. Winds veer considerably with height (about 1408) from 850 to 250 hPa, a layer associated with warm-air advection. The MCS is located in a maximum of positive equivalent potential temperature theta(e) advection, moisture convergence, and positive thermal advection at 850 hPa. Composite fields at 500 hPa show that the MCS forms in a region of weak anticyclonic curvature in the height field with marginal positive vorticity advection. Even though surface-based stability fields indicate stable low-level air, there is a layer of convectively unstable air with maximum-theta(e) CAPE values of more than 1000 J kg(-1) in the vicinity of the MCS site and higher values upstream. Maximum-theta(e) convective inhibition (CIN) values over the MCS centroid site are small (less than 40 J kg(-1)) while to the south convection is limited by large values of CIN (greater than 60 J kg(-1)). Surface-to-500-hPa composite average relative humidity values are about 70%, and composite precipitable water values average about 3.18 cm (1.25 in.). The representativeness of the composite analysis is also examined. Last, a schematic conceptual model based upon the composite fields is presented that depicts the typical environment favorable for the development of elevated thunderstorms that lead to heavy rainfall.
C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, St Charles, MO USA.
SUNY Coll Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
RP Moore, JT (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3507 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
NR 36
TC 44
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 861
EP 878
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0861:TEOWET>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400013
ER
PT J
AU Hamill, TM
AF Hamill, TM
TI Evaluating forecasters' rules of thumb: A study of d(prog)/dt
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE-PREDICTION SYSTEM; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-PREDICTION; NATIONAL-CENTERS; ETA-MODEL; MESOSCALE; NMC;
NCEP
AB Forecasters often develop rules of thumb for adjusting model guidance. Ideally, before use, these rules of thumb should be validated through a careful comparison of model forecasts and observations over a large sample. Practically, such evaluation studies are difficult to perform because forecast models are continually being changed, and a hypothesized rule of thumb may only be applicable to a particular forecast model configuration.
A particular rule of thumb was examined here: dprog/dt. Given a set of lagged forecasts from the same model all verifying at the same time, this rule of thumb suggests that if the forecasts show a trend, this trend is more likely than not to continue and thus provide useful information for correcting the most recent forecast. Forecasters may also note the amount of continuity of forecasts to estimate the magnitude of the error in the most recent forecast.
Statistical evaluation of this rule of thumb was made possible here using a dataset of forecasts from a "frozen'' model. A 23-yr record of forecasts was generated from a T62 version of the medium-range forecast model used at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Forecasts were initialized from reanalysis data, and January-March forecasts were examined for selected locations. The rule dprog/dt was evaluated with 850-hPa temperature forecasts. A total of 2070 sample days were used in the evaluation.
Extrapolation of forecast trends was shown to have little forecast value. Also, there was only a small amount of information on forecast accuracy from the amount of discrepancy between short-term lagged forecasts. The lack of validity of this rule of thumb suggest that others should also be carefully scrutinized before use.
C1 NOAA, CIRES CDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES CDC, R-CDC 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 933
EP 937
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0933:EFROTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400018
ER
PT J
AU Elmore, KL
Weiss, SJ
Banacos, PC
AF Elmore, KL
Weiss, SJ
Banacos, PC
TI Operational ensemble cloud model forecasts: Some preliminary results
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID STORMS
AB From 15 July through 30 September of 2001, an ensemble cloud-scale model was run for the Storm Prediction Center on a daily basis. Each ensemble run consisted of 78 members whose initial conditions were derived from the 20-km Rapid Update Cycle Model, the 22-km operational Eta Model, and a locally run version of the 22-km Eta Model using the Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization. Each ensemble was run over a 160 km 3 160 km region and was valid for the 9-h period from 1630 through 0130 UTC. The ensembles were used primarily to provide severe-weather guidance. To that end, model storms with lifetimes greater than 60 min and/or a sustained correlation of at least 0.5 between midlevel updrafts and positive vorticity (the supercell criterion) were considered to be severe-weather indicators. Heidke skill scores, along with the true skill statistic, are between 0.2 and 0.3 when long-lived storms or storms meeting the supercell criteria are used as severe-weather indicators. Equivalent skill scores result when modeled and observed storms are categorized by lifetime and supercell characteristics and compared with expertly interpreted radar data.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Elmore, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2003
VL 18
IS 5
BP 953
EP 964
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0953:OECMFS>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 728FW
UT WOS:000185707400020
ER
PT J
AU Kulin, S
Kishore, R
Helmerson, K
Locascio, L
AF Kulin, S
Kishore, R
Helmerson, K
Locascio, L
TI Optical manipulation and fusion of liposomes as microreactors
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID VESICLES; TRANSFORMATIONS; CELLS; NANOVIALS; ARRAYS
AB We present an all-optical method to manipulate and fuse giant liposomes, typically 10 mum in diameter. Optical tweezers are used to trap two individual liposomes, which are then brought into contact. A single pulse of ultraviolet laser light focused on the adjoining membranes induces the fusion between the liposomes. As a consequence, the chemical reagents encapsulated in the two liposomes mix and a chemical reaction takes place.
C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kulin, S (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013
NR 26
TC 59
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 30
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 20
BP 8206
EP 8210
DI 10.1021/la0344433
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 727ZK
UT WOS:000185690600014
ER
PT J
AU Forster, PMD
Solomon, S
AF Forster, PMD
Solomon, S
TI Observations of a "weekend effect" in diurnal temperature range
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-POLLUTANTS; OZONE; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; CYCLES; CANADA;
TRENDS
AB Using surface measurements of maximum and minimum temperatums from the Global Daily Climatological Network data set, we find evidence of a weekly cycle in diurnal temperature range (DTR) for many stations in the United States, Mexico, Japan, and China. The 'weekend effect," which we define as the average DTR for Saturday through Monday minus the average DTR for Wednesday through Friday, can be as large as 0.5 K, similar to the magnitude of observed long-term trends in DTR. This weekend effect has a distinct large-scale pattern that has changed only slightly over time, but its sign is not the same in all locations. The station procedures and the statistical robustness of both the individual station data and the patterns of DTR differences are thoroughly examined. We conclude that the weekend effect is a real short time scale and large spatial scale geophysical phenomenon, which is necessarily human in origin. We thus provide strong evidence of an anthopogenic link to DTR, an important climate indicator. Several poss ble anthropogenic mechanisms are discussed; we speculate that aerosol-cloud interactions are the most likely cause of this weekend effect, but we do not rule out others.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England.
RP Forster, PMD (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010
OI Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171
NR 23
TC 62
Z9 72
U1 1
U2 18
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD SEP 30
PY 2003
VL 100
IS 20
BP 11225
EP 11230
DI 10.1073/pnas.2034034100
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 727XG
UT WOS:000185685700012
PM 14500787
ER
PT J
AU Koponen, K
Huuskonen, S
Ritola, O
Venalainen, R
Tarhanen, J
Lindstrom-Seppa, P
AF Koponen, K
Huuskonen, S
Ritola, O
Venalainen, R
Tarhanen, J
Lindstrom-Seppa, P
TI Muscle chemical content and hepatic biotransformation in bream (Abramis
brama) and asp (Aspius aspius) in a PCB-contaminated lake
SO BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; RAINBOW-TROUT;
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CYTOCHROME P4501A; ENZYME-INDUCTION;
SALMO-GAIRDNERI; WINTER FLOUNDER; FERAL FISH; BALTIC-SEA
AB During the period of 1956-1983, an approximated amount of 900 liters of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was discharged into a small freshwater lake in southern Finland. Biomonitoring study of the lake in 1998 revealed clearly detectable muscle PCB concentrations in the two feral fish species studied, bream (Abramis brama) and asp (Aspius aspius), suggesting persistent PCB contamination in the lake. The muscle PCB contents in bream and asp were 18 and 59 times higher than the corresponding values measured in reference locations. The hepatic monooxygenase EROD activities were significantly induced in fish caught from the lake, underlining the biomarker value of EROD measurements in monitoring long-term chemical exposure in field studies. The conjugation GST activities showed mostly seasonal differences and did not indicate the chemical stress of fish.
C1 Univ Kuopio, Dept Physiol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
Golder Assoc Oy, FIN-00390 Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
RP Koponen, K (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Physiol, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
NR 48
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INST
PI HELSINKI
PA P O BOX 140, FIN-00251 HELSINKI, FINLAND
SN 1239-6095
J9 BOREAL ENVIRON RES
JI Boreal Environ. Res.
PD SEP 29
PY 2003
VL 8
IS 3
BP 203
EP 213
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 820FJ
UT WOS:000221372500002
ER
PT J
AU Gnanadesikan, A
Slater, RD
Samuels, BL
AF Gnanadesikan, A
Slater, RD
Samuels, BL
TI Sensitivity of water mass transformation and heat transport to
subgridscale mixing in coarse-resolution ocean models
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRCULATION MODELS; PYCNOCLINE
AB This paper considers the impact of the parameterization of subgridscale mixing on ocean heat transport in coarse-resolution ocean models of the type used in coupled climate models. Increasing the vertical diffusion increases poleward heat transport in both hemispheres. Increasing lateral diffusion associated with transient eddies increases poleward heat transport in the southern hemisphere while decreasing it in the northern hemisphere. The results are interpreted in the context of a simple analytical model.
C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008
OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116
NR 17
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 27
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 18
AR 1967
DI 10.1029/2003GL018036
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 727FX
UT WOS:000185648900005
ER
PT J
AU Vecchi, GA
Harrison, DE
AF Vecchi, GA
Harrison, DE
TI On the termination of the 2002-03 El Nino event
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN;
MODEL; WINDS; ENSO; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS; MOTIONS
AB Every new El Nino presents an opportunity to revisit our understanding of El Nino characteristics and processes. We examine the extent to which the termination of the 2002-03 El Nino followed the scenario of Harrison and Vecchi [1999], in which (1) there is a late-year southward shift of near-equatorial westerly wind anomalies, and (2) subsequent eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue thermocline shallowing is driven by the wind shift. There was a prominent late-year southward shift in the low-frequency west Pacific zonal wind anomalies in 2002-03. Ocean general circulation model experiments establish the shift as the primary cause of cold tongue thermocline shallowing. Reflected equatorial waves and local wind anomaly changes are much less important. Successful theories and models of El Nino should address the processes that cause the year-end southward wind shift. Interactions between anomalous El Nino conditions and the seasonal cycle of solar insolation may provide such a process.
C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X;
NR 32
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 27
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 18
AR 1964
DI 10.1029/2003GL017564
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 727FX
UT WOS:000185648900001
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, TT
Dalal, RV
Mitsis, PG
Block, SM
AF Perkins, TT
Dalal, RV
Mitsis, PG
Block, SM
TI Sequence-dependent pausing of single lambda exonuclease molecules
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; DNA; FORCE;
TRANSLOCATION; ENDS
AB Lambda exonuclease processively degrades one strand of duplex DNA, moving 5'-to-3' in an ATP-independent fashion. When examined at the single-molecule level, the speeds of digestion were nearly constant at 4 nanometers per second (12 nucleotides per second), interspersed with pauses of variable duration. Long pauses, occurring at stereotypical locations, were strand-specific and sequence-dependent. Pause duration and probability varied widely. The strongest pause, GGCGATTCT, was identified by gel electrophoresis. Correlating single-molecule dwell positions with sequence independently identified the motif GGCGA. This sequence is found in the left lambda cohesive end, where exonuclease inhibition may contribute to the reduced recombination efficiency at that end.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Praelux Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08646 USA.
RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490
FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG 011821-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057035, GM 57035]
NR 22
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 26
PY 2003
VL 301
IS 5641
BP 1914
EP 1918
DI 10.1126/science.1088047
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 725GW
UT WOS:000185536700053
PM 12947034
ER
PT J
AU Poskrebyshev, GA
Huie, RE
Neta, P
AF Poskrebyshev, GA
Huie, RE
Neta, P
TI Radiolytic reactions of monochloramine in aqueous solutions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID NONMETAL REDOX KINETICS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; RATE CONSTANTS; THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PULSE RADIOLYSIS; FERROUS IRON;
RADICALS; DICHLORAMINE; TRICHLORAMINE
AB Monochloramine reacts with hydrated electrons very rapidly, k(NH2Cl+e(aq)(-)) = (2.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(10) L mol(-1) s(-1), to produce (NH2)-N-. radicals. It reacts with (OH)-O-. radicals more slowly, k(NH2Cl+(OH)-O-.) = (5.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(8) L mol(-1) s(-1), to produce (NHCl)-N-. radicals. While (NH2)-N-. exhibits an absorption peak at 530 nm, with a molar absorption coefficient epsilon(530) = 80 L mol(-1) cm(-1), (NHCl)-N-. exhibits two peaks at 330 and 580 nm, epsilon(330) = (85 +/- 30) L mol(-1) cm(-1) and epsilon(580) = (56 +/- 30) L mol(-1) cm(-1). The (NHCl)-N-. radical undergoes self-decay and can react also with O-2 to form a peroxyl radical. It is suggested that the peroxyl radical exists in equilibrium NHClO2. reversible arrow (NHCl)-N-. + O-2 with an estimated equilibrium constant of (3 +/- 2) x 10(-1) mol L-1. The reaction of chloramine with the carbonate radical is suggested to form a complex [CO3NH2Cl](.-) with k(f) = 2.5 x 10(5) L mol(-1) s(-1) and k(r) = 4 x 10(2) s(-1), and this complex decomposes with k = 7 x 10(2) s(-1) to form (NHCl)-N-..
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Huie, RE (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Poskrebyshev, Gregory/I-9122-2016
OI Poskrebyshev, Gregory/0000-0002-8920-7037
NR 43
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD SEP 25
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 38
BP 7423
EP 7428
DI 10.1021/jp030198k
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 722WU
UT WOS:000185401700012
ER
PT J
AU Trouw, FR
Borodin, O
Cook, JC
Copley, JRD
Smith, GD
AF Trouw, FR
Borodin, O
Cook, JC
Copley, JRD
Smith, GD
TI Quasielastic neutron-scattering study of the local dynamics of
poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether in aqueous solution
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OXIDE) SOLUTIONS; WATER
DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE; CONFORMATIONS; DEPENDENCE;
OLIGOMERS
AB Neutron quasielastic scattering experiments were carried out on aqueous solutions of 500 u molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEG-DME) in deuterated water. The intermediate scattering functions extracted from the measured neutron scattering can be fitted by a combination of a fast second-order exponential decay (t < 2 ps) and a slower first-order exponential decay. The analysis of the momentum transfer (Q) dependence of the decay constant for the slower component shows that it has an approximately constant value at Q's less than 13 nm(-1) and then increases linearly up to the highest momentum transfer (25 nm(-1)). Both the slope of the higher-Q linear region and the individual Q-dependent decay constants show a minimum in the PEG-DME weight fraction range of 0.6-0.9. Further analysis of the neutron-scattering data to check the effect of multiple scattering in the sample shows that only the shape of the fast decay (t < 2 ps) is affected by this correction. A direct quantitative comparison is made between experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. Fourier transforming the experimental data from the frequency domain into the time domain to yield the intermediate scattering function allows for a quantitative comparison with the equivalent function calculated from the simulations. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment based on simulation results is used to account for the effect of multiple scattering quantitatively, which represents a novel approach to dealing with the complications arising from multiple scattering. This correction is significant, resulting in excellent agreement between experiment and the simulations. Both simulation and experiment give rise to a maximum in the relaxation time for PEG-DME proton motion in the PEG-DME weight fraction range of 0.6-0.9. On the basis of the simulations, this maximum arises from competition between the slowing down of the torsional transitions due to hydrogen bonding between the water and the PEG-DME ether oxygens, and the addition of a sufficient quantity of water results in an increasing fraction of large water clusters and more mobile water (i.e., a low-viscosity solvent). The former dominates at low dilution, and the latter dominates at higher dilution, leading to the enhanced backbone motion of the PEG-DME and the observed maximum in the residence time of the PEG-DME protons as a function of composition.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Trouw, FR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663,MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM trouw@lanl.gov
RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012
OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291;
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD SEP 25
PY 2003
VL 107
IS 38
BP 10446
EP 10452
DI 10.1021/jp035234u
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 722WW
UT WOS:000185401900019
ER
PT J
AU Nichols, KM
Bartholomew, J
Thorgaard, GH
AF Nichols, KM
Bartholomew, J
Thorgaard, GH
TI Mapping multiple genetic loci associated with Ceratomyxa shasta
resistance in Oncorhynchus mykiss
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ceratomyxa shasta; Oncorhynchus mykiss; survival analysis; quantitative
trait loci
ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RAINBOW-TROUT; LINKAGE MAP; MYXOSPOREAN
PARASITE; HOMOZYGOUS CLONES; LINE CROSSES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION;
QTLS; STEELHEAD
AB Ceratomyxa shasta is enzootic to some rivers of the Pacific Northwest and California, and has caused extensive mortalities of salmonids, the only known host of the actinosporean stage of the pathogen. Mortalities from C. shasta are induced by severe inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal tract, and no therapeutants have been discovered for the treatment of ceratomyxosis. Inheritance studies by previous investigators suggested that C. shasta resistance is genetically controlled, but none have revealed the number and locations of gene regions associated with resistance. Here, we characterized differences in resistance among clonal lines, and used line crosses between clonal lines with resistance differences for a genetic analysis of C. shasta resistance in Oncorhynchus mykiss, following a short term in situ exposure to the pathogen. We found that Oregon State University (OSU) x Arlee (ARL) clonal hybrids were highly susceptible, while OSU x Clearwater (CW) hybrids were highly resistant to C. shasta. Doubled haploids, produced by androgenesis from an F, hybrid between the OSU and CW lines, were evaluated for the co-segregation of molecular markers and resistance phenotype. Amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers, used to construct a genetic linkage map in this cross, were tested for associations with resistance expressed as absolute survival (binary trait) and days to death (survival analysis). Segregation of the resistance phenotype suggested that the resistance was inherited as a single Mendelian locus, but the binary trait failed to map to a single genomic location. Markers identified in single-marker analyses were used in multiple-regression model selection, within both the linear regression and Cox proportional-hazards survival analysis frameworks, to determine the number and potential location of loci simultaneously contributing to variation in the survival phenotypes of doubled-haploid progeny. We found multiple genomic loci associated with C. shasta resistance through these models, confirming studies by previous investigators that suggested C. shasta resistance is polygenic.
C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan.
NR 29
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 17
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD SEP 24
PY 2003
VL 56
IS 2
BP 145
EP 154
DI 10.3354/dao056145
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 749WW
UT WOS:000186953900006
PM 14598990
ER
PT J
AU Birincioglu, M
Jaruga, P
Chowdhury, G
Rodriguez, H
Dizdaroglu, M
Gates, KS
AF Birincioglu, M
Jaruga, P
Chowdhury, G
Rodriguez, H
Dizdaroglu, M
Gates, KS
TI DNA base damage by the antitumor agent 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine
1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLI FPG
PROTEIN; CENTER-DOT-DG; DI-N-OXIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IN-VITRO;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXCISION-REPAIR; QUINOXALINE 1,4-DI-N-OXIDE
AB Tirapazamine is a bioreductively activated DNA-damaging agent that selectively kills the hypoxic cells found in solid tumors. This compound shows clinical promise and is currently being examined in a variety of clinical trials, including several phase III studies. It is well established that DNA is an important cellular target for tirapazamine; however, the structural nature of the DNA damage inflicted by this drug remains poorly understood. As part of an effort to understand the chemical events responsible for the hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity of this drug, the studies reported here are designed to characterize tirapazamine-mediated damage to the genetic information stored in the heterocyclic base residues of double-stranded DNA. Here, we used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize and quantify oxidative DNA base damage mediated by tirapazamine. A multiplicity of modified bases including 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleoside tandem lesions were identified and quantified. The results provide the first detailed insight regarding the structural identity of the DNA base lesions caused by this drug. Interestingly, it appears that the hypoxic conditions under which tirapazamine operates, along with the unique chemical properties of the drug, yield a unique variety of DNA base damage that is dominated by formamidopyrimidine and 5-hydroxy-6-hydropyrimidine lesions. Importantly, the results suggest that tirapazamine may generate a set of poorly repaired, potentially cytotoxic DNA base lesions that block DNA transcription and replication. Overall, the results indicate that DNA base damage may contribute to the biological effects of tirapazamine in vivo.
C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Inonu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Malatya, Turkey.
Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM miral@nist.gov; gatesk@missouri.edu
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA100757]
NR 100
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 3
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 24
PY 2003
VL 125
IS 38
BP 11607
EP 11615
DI 10.1021/ja0352146
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 728HE
UT WOS:000185711100044
PM 13129365
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, C
AF Wilson, C
TI Late Summer chlorophyll blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; STATION ALOHA; GLOBAL OCEAN; DIATOM MATS;
PHYTOPLANKTON; TRICHODESMIUM; TRANSPORT; WATERS; SEA
AB [1] In the late summer of 1997, 1999, and 2000 satellite observations of surface chlorophyll from SeaWiFS recorded large blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) near 30 degreesN and between 130 - 160 degreesW. The largest blooms covered more than 350,000 km(2) and lasted as long as 4 months. They are distinct from the surface seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in both timing and amplitude. The blooms are not associated with either SSH or SST anomalies indicative of changes in subsurface structure, nor do they appear to be forced by nutrient fertilization from dust deposition or rainfall. These blooms are compared with summer blooms that have been previously observed in this region by in situ studies, and some potential causes for them are discussed.
C1 NOAA, NMFS Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Wilson, C (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
EM cwilson@pfeg.noaa.gov
RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009;
OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322
NR 32
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 23
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 18
AR 1942
DI 10.1029/2003GL017770
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 727FT
UT WOS:000185648500003
ER
PT J
AU Carlson, JK
Parsons, GR
AF Carlson, JK
Parsons, GR
TI Respiratory and hematological responses of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna
tiburo, to acute changes in dissolved oxygen
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE shark; hypoxia; respiration; ventilation volume; utilization; hemoglobin
ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TUNA KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; YELLOWFIN
TUNA; BLOOD-OXYGEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; HEMOGLOBIN ADAPTATION;
HYPOXIC CONDITIONS; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; SQUALUS-SUCKLEYI
AB Behavioral and physiological responses to acute changes in dissolved oxygen were examined in the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. In two sets of respirometry experiments, sharks were randomly exposed to seawater in oxygen contents of 6.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 mg l(-1). During exposure, bonnetheads increased mouth gape from 0.8 cm at 6.0 mg l(-1) to 2.2 cm at 3.0 mg l(-1), while ventilation volume increased from 0.61 to 5.28 l min(-1) kg(-1). Standard oxygen consumption remained unchanged (163-181 Mg O-2 kg(-1) h(-1)) throughout all treatments and was not significantly different. Utilization (%) declined from 52.3% at 6.0 mg l(-1) to 21.3% when oxygen levels reached 3.0 mg l(-1). Changes in oxygen content of ambient water also caused no significant change in either blood oxygen content or hematocrit. Using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, a single hemoglobin profile was identified at seawater of 6.0 mg l(-1) and hypoxic conditions. Results suggest bonnetheads are physiologically able to tolerate moderate levels of hypoxia. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA.
RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
NR 48
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD SEP 23
PY 2003
VL 294
IS 1
BP 15
EP 26
DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00237-5
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 713GF
UT WOS:000184848200002
ER
PT J
AU Mochida, M
Kawamura, K
Umemoto, N
Kobayashi, M
Matsunaga, S
Lim, HJ
Turpin, BJ
Bates, TS
Simoneit, BRT
AF Mochida, M
Kawamura, K
Umemoto, N
Kobayashi, M
Matsunaga, S
Lim, HJ
Turpin, BJ
Bates, TS
Simoneit, BRT
TI Spatial distributions of oxygenated organic compounds (dicarboxylic
acids, fatty acids, and levoglucosan) in marine aerosols over the
western Pacific and off the coast of East Asia: Continental outflow of
organic aerosols during the ACE-Asia campaign
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE organic aerosol; East Asia; transport; dicarboxylic acids; fatty acids;
levoglucosan
ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION
SOURCES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; MOLECULAR MARKER; URBAN
ATMOSPHERE; UNITED-STATES; WATER; GAS
AB Aerosol sampling for major oxygenated organic compounds (dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, and levoglucosan) was conducted from 15 March to 19 April 2001 on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration R/V Ronald H. Brown over the western North Pacific, the East China Sea, and the Sea of Japan, as part of the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) campaign. During the cruise, aerosol particles were collected on quartz fiber filters using a high-volume air sampler. Diacids were also collected using an annular denuder sampling system to assess their gas-particle partitioning. Concentrations of total diacids, total fatty acids, and levoglucosan were found to be higher off the coasts of East Asia than in the remote Pacific. Contributions of these organic compounds to total organic carbon and total organic matter (OM) were calculated to be 9.8 +/- 2.3% and 19.0 +/- 4.8%, respectively, assuming OM to be organic carbon x 1.6. Diacid concentrations were highly correlated with nss-SO42- and NO3-, which originate from anthropogenic sources over East Asia. The temporal variations and chain-length distributions of fatty acids suggest that atmospheric transport of terrestrial organic materials is important off the coast of the continent. C-2 - C-5 diacids were present predominantly in the particulate phase. The relative abundances of C-2 - C-5 diacids stayed almost unchanged throughout the cruise, suggesting that deposition is more important than chemical decomposition as a sink of diacids and that they are relatively stable end products in the atmosphere.
C1 Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Environm & Petr Geochem Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, N19 W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan.
EM mochida@pop.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp; kawamura@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp;
hjlim@rci.rutgers.edu; turpin@aesop.rutgers.edu; bates@pmel.noaa.gov;
simoneit@coas.oregonstate.edu
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Kawamura, Kimitaka/B-3839-2011; Turpin,
Barbara /D-8346-2012; Mochida, Michihiro/C-1251-2010; SIMONEIT,
BERND/A-2008-2013
OI Mochida, Michihiro/0000-0001-9557-5138;
NR 67
TC 89
Z9 89
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 23
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D23
AR 8638
DI 10.1029/2002JD003249
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727GZ
UT WOS:000185651400001
ER
PT J
AU Yurekli, K
Karim, A
Amis, EJ
Krishnamoorti, R
AF Yurekli, K
Karim, A
Amis, EJ
Krishnamoorti, R
TI Influence of layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of
PS-PVME blends
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; MELT INTERCALATION;
BINARY-MIXTURES; MODEL; NANOCOMPOSITES; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR;
METHYL-ETHER); POLYSTYRENE
AB The influence of the disk diameter of nanometer thick anisotropic layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of a near-critical polystyrene (PS)-poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend was examined using atomic force microscopy. Films with comparable amounts of thermodynamically equivalent nanoparticles varying only in lateral disk diameters were examined using a temperature gradient method and showed dramatic differences in late-stage morphology. The blends with small disk diameter (30 nm and 0.5 mum) nanoparticles exhibit a pinning of domain sizes and demonstrate an increase in the number of domains with a higher fraction of near circular structures. On the other hand, for layered silicates with large disk diameters (10 mum), the nanoparticles do not affect the morphology of the phase-separated structure and only accelerate the phase separation kinetics. The extent of domain pinning increases with increasing silicate content and results in smaller domains at higher concentrations of silicate.
C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011
OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X
NR 39
TC 101
Z9 102
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD SEP 23
PY 2003
VL 36
IS 19
BP 7256
EP 7267
DI 10.1021/ma0207551
PG 12
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 723QT
UT WOS:000185443600042
ER
PT J
AU DiNoia, TP
van Zanten, JH
Kline, SR
Garach-Domech, A
McHugh, MA
Wright, PJ
Fetters, LJ
AF DiNoia, TP
van Zanten, JH
Kline, SR
Garach-Domech, A
McHugh, MA
Wright, PJ
Fetters, LJ
TI Impact of supercritical fluid solvent quality on polymer conformation in
semidilute solutions: SANS data for poly(ethylene-co-1-butene) in
dimethyl ether to kilobar pressures
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CHAIN
DIMENSIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(ETHYLENE-1-BUTENE); TRANSITIONS;
POLYSTYRENE; SOLUBILITY; PROPANE
AB Phase behavior and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements are reported for poly(ethylene-co-20.2 mol % 1-butene) (PEB10) dissolved in supercritical dimethyl ether (DME). The phase boundary is located at pressures near 600 bar at 130 degreesC, and it exhibits a minimum in temperature near 105 degreesC where the cloud-point pressure rises sharply. Neutron scattering is performed with a high-pressure scattering cell designed for a large incident beam diameter, good mixing, and real-time viewing of the solution to ensure single-phase operation. The SANS results suggest significant variations in intramolecular correlations exist at length scales proportional to a few monomer units although the radius of gyration remains close to the unperturbed value at pressures from the cloud point to as high as 2400 bar. As expected, the intermolecular correlation length grows rapidly on approach to the phase boundary. The phase behavior and SANS data suggest that DME is very poor quality solvent even at high solvent densities.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
RP van Zanten, JH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM john_vz@ncsu.edu
NR 40
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD SEP 23
PY 2003
VL 36
IS 19
BP 7372
EP 7378
DI 10.1021/ma034690d
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 723QT
UT WOS:000185443600056
ER
PT J
AU Buh, GH
Kopanski, JJ
AF Buh, GH
Kopanski, JJ
TI Atomic force microscope laser illumination effects on a sample and its
application for transient spectroscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL-BEAM DEFLECTION
AB The effect of illumination from the laser of an optical-beam-deflection atomic force microscope (AFM) on a semiconductor sample is monitored with a (connected in parallel) scanning capacitance microscope (SCM). The photoexcitation of carriers in a silicon sample is quantified using the SCM measured capacitance-voltage curves. A significant difference is seen between SCM capacitance-voltage characteristics measured under true-dark and normal (illuminated) conditions, and is attributed to light spillage over the edges of the AFM cantilever and light transmission through the cantilever. We developed a light-induced transient spectroscopy through simple modification of a commercial SCM and demonstrate it as a tool for the measurement of carrier lifetime with microscopic scale. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Seoul Natl Univ, Interuniv Semicond Res Ctr, Ctr Sci Nanometer Scale, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
RP Buh, GH (reprint author), Samsung Elect Co Ltd, Semicond R&D Ctr, Proc Dev Team, San 24, Yongin, Kyungki Do, South Korea.
NR 11
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 22
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 12
BP 2486
EP 2488
DI 10.1063/1.1613800
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 721TJ
UT WOS:000185333200062
ER
PT J
AU Skripov, AV
Buzlukov, AL
Kozhanov, B
Udovic, TJ
Huang, Q
AF Skripov, AV
Buzlukov, AL
Kozhanov, B
Udovic, TJ
Huang, Q
TI Hydrogen in Nb(V1-yCry)(2) Laves-phase compounds: neutron diffraction
and nuclear magnetic resonance studies
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE transition metal compounds; hydrogen absorbing materials; diffusion;
neutron diffraction; nuclear resonances
ID COMPOUNDS ZRCR2HX; LOCALIZED MOTION; SPIN RELAXATION; DIFFUSION;
SCATTERING; PROTON; TRANSITIONS; SCANDIUM; TAV2HX; SOLIDS
AB In order to study the positions and mobility of hydrogen in ternary Laves-phase compounds Nb(V1-yCry)(2), we have performed neutron-diffraction measurements in NbVCr and NbVCrD0.38 at T = 295 K and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the H-1, D-2 and V-51 spin-lattice relaxation rates T-1(-1) in NbVCrH0.3, NbVCrD0.38 and NbV1.4Cr0.6H0.6 over the temperature range 11-424 K. It is found that the host-metal lattice of both NbVCr and NbVCrD0.38 has C15-type structure (space group Fd (3) over barm), and D atoms in NbVCrD0.38 occupy tetrahedral g sites coordinated by two Nb atoms and two V(Cr) atoms. For all the samples studied, the temperature dependence of the motional contribution to T-1(-1) shows two peaks. This feature indicates a coexistence of two hydrogen jump processes with well-separated characteristic frequencies. The parameters of H(D) motion derived from the relaxation rate data for Nb(V1-yCry)(2)-H(D) are compared with those for the related Laves-phase system TaV2-H(D). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Russian Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Met Phys, S Kovalevskoi 18, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia.
RI Buzlukov, Anton/J-8078-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013
OI Buzlukov, Anton/0000-0002-2728-0503; Skripov,
Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP 22
PY 2003
VL 359
BP 27
EP 34
DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00185-3
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 721CF
UT WOS:000185298900006
ER
PT J
AU Waterstrat, RM
Kuentzler, R
AF Waterstrat, RM
Kuentzler, R
TI Structural instability in the B2-type ordered alloys Zr (Ru,Rh) and Zr
(Ru,Pd)
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE transition metal alloys; crystal structure; phase transition; mechanical
properties; heat capacity
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NITI
AB The exceptional toughness and wear resistance of the alloy Zr50Pd35Ru15 apparently derives from a growing instability in the B2 phase as Pd atoms substitute for Ru atoms on the ordered lattice sites. A similar behavior occurs when Rh atoms are the substituent. The growing instabilities are accompanied by a softening of the alloys, by the onset of superconductivity and by an improved ductility partly due to stress induced transformations. The origin of this behavior can be traced to an increasing electronic density of states in the band structures of these alloys and a softening of the lattice phonons as revealed by low-temperature specific heat measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
CNRS, Inst Phys, IPCM, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
RP Waterstrat, RM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 7
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP 22
PY 2003
VL 359
BP 133
EP 138
DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00187-7
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 721CF
UT WOS:000185298900025
ER
PT J
AU Di Marzio, EA
Kasianowicz, JJ
AF Di Marzio, EA
Kasianowicz, JJ
TI Phase transitions within the isolated polymer molecule: Coupling of the
polymer threading a membrane transition to the helix-random coil, the
collapse, the adsorption, and the equilibrium polymerization transitions
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SICKLE-CELL HEMOGLOBIN; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; FLEXIBLE POLYMERS;
EXCLUDED VOLUME; MONTE-CARLO; FREE-ENERGY; TRANSLOCATION; SURFACE;
KINETICS; NANOPORE
AB The polymer threading a membrane transition (PTM), which is a first-order thermodynamic phase transition for an isolated linear polymer in the limit of infinite molecular weight, is coupled to the other four phase transitions of the isolated polymer molecule. They are (1) the helix-random coil (HR) phase transition which can be diffuse (polypeptides), second-order (DNA) or first-order (collagen) depending on the number of strands, (2) the collapse (C) transition which is usually second-order but can be first-order for polymeric solvents, (3) adsorption onto a surface (SA) which is second-order, (4) a model of equilibrium polymerization (P) which is first-order. In each case an exact expression for the partition function of the coupled pair is given as a one-dimensional summation over products of the individual partition functions corresponding to sides 1 and 2. Using a procedure analogous to evaluation of the grand canonical ensemble the summation can be performed and the character of the transition elucidated in the limit of infinite molecular weight. Given that the solutions on either side are sufficiently diverse there are 15 possible translocation pair couplings. They are PTM-PTM, HR-HR, C-C, SA-SA, P-P, PTM-HR, PTM-C, PTM-SA, PTM-P, HR-C, HR-SA, HR-P, C-SA, C-P, SA-P. The PTM-P coupling is most interesting because one can create polymer in the PTM side even though the P side is in the depolymerization regime. For HR-HR there are eight possible translocation modes. For example, as we raise the temperature we can have H1-->H2-->R1-->R2 in obvious notation. These exact model solutions provide a thermodynamic base for the study of the kinetics of significant technological problems such as the translocation of DNA through pores imbedded in membranes. They also throw light on the nature of polymer-membrane-pore interactions in living cells and viruses.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Di Marzio, EA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 43
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 22
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 12
BP 6378
EP 6387
DI 10.1063/1.1603725
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 717XU
UT WOS:000185116700069
ER
PT J
AU McVey, EM
AF McVey, EM
TI Of databases and copyright
SO SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP McVey, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SCIENTIST INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA
SN 0890-3670
J9 SCIENTIST
JI Scientist
PD SEP 22
PY 2003
VL 17
IS 18
BP 11
EP 11
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA 725EV
UT WOS:000185531600003
ER
PT J
AU Roos, PA
Meng, LS
Carlsten, JL
AF Roos, PA
Meng, LS
Carlsten, JL
TI Doppler-induced unidirectional operation of a continuous-wave Raman ring
laser in H-2
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODE-LASER; HYDROGEN; GAS
AB We demonstrate stable operation of a diode-pumped cw Raman ring laser in diatomic hydrogen gas. Doppler-induced asymmetry between the the forward and the backward Raman gains leads to inherent unidirectional operation in the forward direction without intracavity optical elements. Use of the ring-cavity geometry dilutes the deleterious effects of thermal lensing and significantly reduces optical feedback to the pump laser. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM roos@jilaul.colorado.edu; carlsten@physics.montana.edu
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 20
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 27
BP 5517
EP 5521
DI 10.1364/AO.42.005517
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 722BL
UT WOS:000185354800019
PM 14526840
ER
PT J
AU Heidinger, AK
Sullivan, JT
Rao, CRN
AF Heidinger, AK
Sullivan, JT
Rao, CRN
TI Calibration of visible and near-infrared channels of the NOAA-12 AVHRR
using time series of observations over deserts
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; IR BANDS; SPACECRAFT
AB Time series of desert sites are used to derive a post-launch calibration of the visible (ch1--0.63 mum) and near-infrared (ch2--0.86 mum) channels on the NOAA-12 AVHRR. This work extends the techniques that have been applied to NOAA satellites in afternoon orbits to a satellite in a morning orbit. An analysis of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects apparent in the data was used to limit the time period used to analyse the calibration slope of ch1 and ch2. Three desert sites were used to compute the relative degradation rates of the calibration slope of ch1 and ch2. Measurements from NOAA-9 over the Libyan Desert and from aircraft flights over White Sands, New Mexico were used to produce an absolute calibration. The resulting absolute calibrations for ch1 and ch2 agree with previous results to within 2%. The degradation results indicated that the calibration slope decreases by 3.14% per year for ch1 and 3.19% per year for ch2.
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA1,Rm 712,World Weather Bldg,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD SEP 20
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 18
BP 3635
EP 3649
DI 10.1080/0143116021000023907
PG 15
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 719CZ
UT WOS:000185187200008
ER
PT J
AU Shen, WX
Ginis, I
AF Shen, WX
Ginis, I
TI Effects of surface heat flux-induced sea surface temperature changes on
tropical cyclone intensity
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLUTION COUPLED MODEL; HURRICANE INTENSITY; OCEAN INTERACTION;
SIMULATIONS
AB [1] It is known that in deep and open oceans, the effect of sea surface sensible and evaporative heat fluxes on the tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling is small compared to that caused by turbulent mixing and cold water entrainment into the upper ocean mixed-layer. This study shows that tropical cyclone-induced surface heat fluxes dominate the surface cooling in near-coastal shallow ocean regions with limited or no underlying cold water. The thermal response of the ocean to the surface heat fluxes is nearly one dimensional through very quick vertical mixing in the ocean mixed layer. The flux-induced sea surface cooling may lead to appreciable reduction of storm intensity if the storm moves slowly. It is therefore important to account this negative feedback of ocean coupling in near-coastal regions for more skillful forecasting of landfalling tropical cyclones.
C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA.
RP Shen, WX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 9
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 19
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 18
AR 1933
DI 10.1029/2003GL017878
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 724FC
UT WOS:000185476700004
ER
PT J
AU Chuang, PY
Duvall, RM
Bae, MS
Jefferson, A
Schauer, JJ
Yang, H
Yu, JZ
Kim, J
AF Chuang, PY
Duvall, RM
Bae, MS
Jefferson, A
Schauer, JJ
Yang, H
Yu, JZ
Kim, J
TI Observations of elemental carbon and absorption during ACE-Asia and
implications for aerosol radiative properties and climate forcing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE elemental carbon; absorption; dust
ID ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; OCEAN; IRON; MASS; EXTINCTION;
SCATTERING
AB [1] Measurements of elemental carbon ( EC) during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment ( ACE- Asia) show that significant amounts of EC were found in the coarse particle phase during yellow sand events. Coagulation during long- range transport is consistent with this observation. The daily averaged specific mass absorption efficiencies of EC were calculated, yielding values of 12.6 +/- 2.6 and 14.8 +/- 2.3 m(2)/ g for PM10 ( particulate matter < 10 mu m diameter) and PM1, respectively. On a limited number of days, the absorption efficiency for the coarse particles only ( PM10 - PM1) was determined to be 5.7 +/- 1.6 m(2)/ g during dust days and 2.0 +/- 1.0 m(2)/ g for nondust days. These measurements suggest that fine particulate EC was internally mixed and that the dust was possibly somewhat absorbing. Specific mass absorption efficiency was observed to be inversely related to EC mass concentration, a result that does not appear to reflect only air mass aging effects. We speculate that if this observation holds on a global scale, it would reduce the effectiveness of a strategy for mitigating climate change by reducing EC emissions. Model simulations of idealized nonspherical dust radiative properties predict that scattering is strongly ( by nearly a factor of 3) dependent on geometry, while absorption is a very weak function of geometry. The net change in shortwave absorption by polluted dust layers due to coagulation of EC with dust is predicted by model calculations to range between -42% and + 58%, depending on the assumption about the initial mixing state of the EC and the dust optical properties, with the observations supporting values in the range of - 10 to - 40%.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
Korean Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul 156720, South Korea.
RP Chuang, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM pchuang@es.uscs.edu; rmduvall@students.wisc.edu; minsbae@hotmail.com;
ajefferson@cmdl.noaa.gov; jschauer@engr.wisc.edu; chyang@ust.hk;
chjianyu@ust.hk; jykim@metri.re.kr
RI Yu, Jian/A-9669-2008; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012
OI Yu, Jian/0000-0002-6165-6500;
NR 30
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 19
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D23
AR 8634
DI 10.1029/2002JD003254
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 724FR
UT WOS:000185478000001
ER
PT J
AU Bao, W
Chen, Y
Qiu, Y
Sarrao, JL
AF Bao, W
Chen, Y
Qiu, Y
Sarrao, JL
TI Novel dynamic scaling regime in hole-doped La2CuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; SPIN CORRELATIONS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET;
NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOPING DEPENDENCE; NORMAL-STATE; LA2-XSRXCUO4;
TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATIONS; LA2CU1-XLIXO4
AB Only 3% hole doping by Li is sufficient to suppress the long-range three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetic order in La2CuO4. The spin dynamics of such a 2D spin liquid state at T< 8), the BTD between 250 and 410.2 cm(-1) is shown to be sensitive to the effective particle size up to a limit of 100 mum.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, TAMU 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu
RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum,
Bryan/B-7670-2011; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Wiscombe,
Warren/D-4665-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Mishchenko,
Michael/D-4426-2012
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767;
Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849;
NR 49
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 17
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D18
AR 4569
DI 10.1029/2002JD003291
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 754HV
UT WOS:000187310800003
ER
PT J
AU Genzer, J
Fischer, DA
Efimenko, K
AF Genzer, J
Fischer, DA
Efimenko, K
TI Fabricating two-dimensional molecular gradients via asymmetric
deformation of uniformly-coated elastomer sheets
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE; COMBINATORIAL; DROP
AB Molecular gradients comprising two-dimensional in-plane variation of density of substrate-grafted molecules (see Figure, darker regions in the plot denote regions with higher substrate density) have been fabricated. This is achieved by utilizing the technology of "mechanically assembled monolayers" in conjunction with in-plane asymmetric stretching of elastomeric substrates uniformly-coated with organosilane precursors (see cover).
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 17
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0935-9648
J9 ADV MATER
JI Adv. Mater.
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 15
IS 18
BP 1545
EP +
DI 10.1002/adma.200305151
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 722VV
UT WOS:000185399500011
ER
PT J
AU Massling, A
Wiedensohler, A
Busch, B
Neususs, C
Quinn, P
Bates, T
Covert, D
AF Massling, A
Wiedensohler, A
Busch, B
Neususs, C
Quinn, P
Bates, T
Covert, D
TI Hygroscopic properties of different aerosol types over the Atlantic and
Indian Oceans
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARTICLES; SIZE; BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTIONS;
CLIMATE; ALBEDO; GROWTH
AB Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles were studied in the marine tropospheric boundary layer over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during two consecutive field studies: the Aerosols99 cruise (Atlantic Ocean) from 15 January to 20 February 1999, and the INDOEX cruise (Indian Ocean Experiment) from 23 February to 30 March 1999. The hygroscopic properties were compared to optical and chemical properties, such as absorption, chemical inorganic composition, and mass concentration of organic and elemental carbon, to identify the influence of these parameters on hygroscopicity.
C1 Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
NOAA, No Org Atlantic Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Massling, A (reprint author), Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
EM massling@tropos.de
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
NR 27
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 3
BP 1377
EP 1397
DI 10.5194/acp-3-1377-2003
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 726VM
UT WOS:000185621900001
ER
PT J
AU Perez-Salas, UA
Faucher, KM
Majkrzak, CF
Berk, NF
Krueger, S
Chaikof, EL
AF Perez-Salas, UA
Faucher, KM
Majkrzak, CF
Berk, NF
Krueger, S
Chaikof, EL
TI Characterization of a biomimetic polymeric lipid bilayer by phase
sensitive neutron reflectometry
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in the Study of Interfaes with Neutron Reflection
CY OCT 24-26, 2002
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
ID CYTOMIMETIC BIOMATERIALS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; SEMICONDUCTOR
ELECTRODE; ALKYLATED SURFACE; SURROUNDING MEDIA; MEMBRANES; FILMS;
RECONSTITUTION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; BIOSENSORS
AB Neutron reflectivity measurements were performed on a cell membrane mimic system, developed by Liu et al., consisting of a polyelectrolyte multilayer plus synthetic terpolymer plus a phospholipid layer (PE + TER + PC) assembly, at all of the intermediate steps in the assembly of the composite, to obtain neutron scattering length density depth profiles. (1)The polyelectrolyte multilayer functions as a soft, water-containing "cushion" for the membrane mimic, formed by the synthetic terpolymer and the phospholipid layer. The assemblies were studied dry and in 92% humidity using a phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry technique. By use of two water conditions (D2O and H2O mixtures) on the PE + TER + PC assembly, the distribution of water in the layers was obtained. It was found that under 92% humidity conditions, the supported membrane mimic has 40% water content in the "cushion" polyelectrolyte multilayer and 10% water content in the terpolymer-phospholipid region. The overall thickness change, due to water uptake, was found to be 20Angstrom. Because fusing phospholipid vesicles onto the polyelectrolyte multilayer plus synthetic terpolymer assembly shows an overall 30Angstrom increase in thickness of the composite, it can be inferred that a phospholipid monolayer was formed.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg & Bioengn, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Perez-Salas, UA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8562,Bldg 325,Rm 017, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 44
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 19
BP 7688
EP 7694
DI 10.1021/la034607f
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 720ZX
UT WOS:000185293500002
ER
PT J
AU Majkrzak, CF
Berk, NF
Perez-Salas, UA
AF Majkrzak, CF
Berk, NF
Perez-Salas, UA
TI Phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in the Study of Interfaces with Neutron
Reflection
CY OCT 24-26, 2002
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
ID SPHEROIDAL WAVE-FUNCTIONS; X-RAY; SURROUNDING MEDIA; FOURIER-ANALYSIS;
REFLECTIVITY; RECONSTRUCTION; UNCERTAINTY; POTENTIALS; INVERSION;
PROFILES
AB The recent development of exact methods for determining the phase in neutron specular reflectivity measurements makes it possible to extract the scattering length density (SLD) depth profile of a film directly, by first principles inversion. Ideally, other than the uncertainty introduced by statistical fluctuations in the measured reflectivities, any ambiguity in a SLD profile obtained by these phase-sensitive methods is a consequence only of the limited range of wavevector transfer Q over which the reflectivity data can, in practice, be collected. Where practically possible to employ such phase-sensitive techniques, which require the use of reference layers or variable surrounding media, not only is the uniqueness of the resultant SLD profile well defined, but also the ability to perform an inversion without any adjustable parameters eliminates the vagaries associated with fitting reflectivity data alone. A comprehensive summary of the experimental and theoretical methodologies of phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry is presented and illustrated by a current application.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 41
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 19
BP 7796
EP 7810
DI 10.1021/la0341254
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 720ZX
UT WOS:000185293500018
ER
PT J
AU Berk, NF
Majkrzak, CF
AF Berk, NF
Majkrzak, CF
TI Wavelet analysis of neutron reflectivity
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in the Study of Interfaes with Neutron Reflection
CY OCT 24-26, 2002
CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE
AB An application of wavelet multiresolution analysis (WMA) to phase-sensitive neutron specular reflection is described. By use of Daubechies-8 wavelets, it is shown how the WMA notions of trend and detail are well-suited to describing the effects of truncated data on the spatial behavior of the scattering length density (SLD) profiles inferred from measurements. In particular, the inaccessibility of certain spatial detail to real measurements is readily seen. A WMA fitting scheme for refining the SLD deduced from phase-inversion measurements in a manner consistent with the data-determined spatial resolution is demonstrated.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Berk, NF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 19
BP 7811
EP 7817
DI 10.1021/la034126w
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 720ZX
UT WOS:000185293500019
ER
PT J
AU Zangmeister, CD
van Zee, RD
AF Zangmeister, CD
van Zee, RD
TI Electroless deposition of copper onto 4-mercaptobenzoic acid
self-assembled on gold
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; OVERLAYERS; PENETRATION;
MOLECULES; BEHAVIOR
AB This paper reports the electroless deposition of copper, from a basic solution of copper sulfate, sodium hydrogentartrate, and formaldehyde, onto 4-mercaptobenzoic acid self-assembled on gold. The copper was found to be approximate to180 nm thick after a; approximate to30-min immersion. Deposition did not occur on bare gold or self-assembled layers of 1-octadecanethiol or 3-mercaptobenzoic acid. This latter observation suggests that the carboxylic acid functional group and its position play a role in the deposition process. Infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate these layers. On surfaces that were microcontact printed with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, copper deposited only on the stamped areas.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 19
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 16
PY 2003
VL 19
IS 19
BP 8065
EP 8068
DI 10.1021/la026801s
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 720ZX
UT WOS:000185293500056
ER
PT J
AU Worthington, SE
Roitberg, AE
Krauss, M
AF Worthington, SE
Roitberg, AE
Krauss, M
TI Kinetic isotope effects in the active site of B-subtilis chorismate
mutase
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE kinetic isotope effects; chorismate mutase B. subtilis; enzyme active
site; free energy; zero point energies; ab initio reaction path
ID EFFECTIVE FRAGMENT POTENTIALS; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT
BASIS-SETS; CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT; TRANSITION-STATE; PREPHENATE
REARRANGEMENT; ELECTROSTATIC CATALYSIS; SHIKIMATE METABOLITES;
MECHANISM; ENZYME
AB Kinetic isotope effects are determined for the enzyme-catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate using computational methods. The calculated kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) compare reasonably with the few available experimental values with both the theory and experiment obtaining a large KIE for the ether oxygen, indicating large polarization of the transition-state geometry. Because there is a question of the extent that the experimental rate constants are for chemistry as the rate-limiting step, the KIEs for all the atoms of the substrate are reported with the exception of the carboxylate groups. A substantial number of large regular and inverse isotope effects are predicted for the hydrogens on the cyclohexadienyl ring related to activation of the reactant and charge reorganization in the transition state. A large KIE is predicted for the hydrogen atom bound to the ether carbon atom because the largest valency change and charge transfer occurs at the ether bond in both the reactant and tansition state. Observation of the overall pattern of predicted KIEs would ensure that conditions are favorable for the rate-limiting chemistry. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA.
NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Roitberg, AE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA.
NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0020-7608
J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM
JI Int. J. Quantum Chem.
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 94
IS 5
BP 287
EP 292
DI 10.1002/qua.10641
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics
GA 716GC
UT WOS:000185019600005
ER
PT J
AU Lavrich, RJ
Walker, ARH
Plusquellic, DF
Kleiner, I
Suenram, RD
Hougen, JT
Fraser, GT
AF Lavrich, RJ
Walker, ARH
Plusquellic, DF
Kleiner, I
Suenram, RD
Hougen, JT
Fraser, GT
TI Conformational analysis of the jet-cooled peptide mimetic
ethylacetamidoacetate from torsion-rotation spectra
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACCURATE; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERS; POTENTIALS
AB Rotational spectra of two conformers of the peptide mimetic, ethyl-acetamidoacetate, were measured in a molecular beam using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. In each conformer, internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group gives rise to observable splittings in the spectrum. From analysis of the torsion-rotation interactions, the methyl group's orientation has been determined in the principal axis frame of each conformer and is shown to unambiguously identify its conformational form. One conformer exists in the all-trans configuration and belongs to C-S point group and the second, higher-energy conformer has C-1 symmetry. Two separate theoretical fitting procedures are applied to assess the reliability of the structural information and are shown to be essentially equivalent. For example, methyl torsional barriers are 63.7(1) cm(-1) versus 67.1(1) cm(-1) and 64.8(1) cm(-1) versus 67.5(1) cm(-1) for the C-S and C-1 conformers, respectively, and principal axis orientations of the methyl groups agree to +/-0.1degrees. The small differences in the torsional barriers and rotor axis angles for the two conformers are a result of a change in the orientation of the ethyl group on the other end of the molecule. The predicted energy ordering of these two conformers at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level of theory is in disagreement with experimental observations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France.
RP Lavrich, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
NR 19
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 11
BP 5497
EP 5504
DI 10.1063/1.1599353
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 716JL
UT WOS:000185025000021
ER
PT J
AU Kleiner, I
Hougen, JT
AF Kleiner, I
Hougen, JT
TI Rho-axis-method Hamiltonian for molecules having one methyl rotor and
C-1 point-group symmetry at equilibrium
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCITED TORSIONAL STATES; ASYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES;
CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION COEFFICIENTS; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM;
ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS; MILLIMETER-WAVE; INTERNAL ROTOR; GLOBAL FIT;
ROTATION; METHANOL
AB Two modifications of the rho-axis-method torsion-rotation Hamiltonian for fitting spectra of methyl top molecules belonging to the C-s point group at equilibrium which are required to treat molecules with C-1 equilibrium configurations are described: (i) The permutation-inversion group must be changed from G(6) to G(3), which causes the A(1) and A(2) species to coalesce into a single A species, and which also introduces the slight complication of separably degenerate E species. (ii) One term must be added to the second-order contact-transformation-reduced Hamiltonian and seven terms must be added to the fourth-order reduced Hamiltonian. Programming strategies for this Hamiltonian are also discussed. In particular, portions of the C-1 computer code requiring complex arithmetic are indicated, and three schemes for checking the internal consistency of the C-1 code are suggested. Application of this C-1 Hamiltonian to ethylacetamidoacetate is given in the preceding paper. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, Bat 350, F-91405 Orsay, France.
NR 21
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 11
BP 5505
EP 5509
DI 10.1063/1.1599354
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 716JL
UT WOS:000185025000022
ER
PT J
AU Winton, M
AF Winton, M
TI On the climatic impact of ocean circulation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SEA-ICE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; THERMOHALINE
CIRCULATION; ENERGY TRANSPORTS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; HEAT TRANSPORTS;
DYNAMICS; WATER; PRECIPITATION
AB Integrations of coupled climate models with mixed-layer and fixed-current ocean components are used to explore the climatic response to varying magnitudes of ocean circulation. Four mixed-layer ocean experiments without ocean heat transports are performed using two different atmosphere - land components - the new GFDL AM2 and the GFDL Manabe Climate Model (MCM) - and two different sea ice components, one dynamic and one thermodynamic. Both experiments employing the dynamic sea ice component develop unstable growth of sea ice while the experiments with a thermodynamic sea ice component develop very large but stable ice covers. The global cooling ranges from modest to extreme in the four experiments.
Using the fixed-current climate model, a trio of 100-yr integrations are made with control currents from a GFDL R30 ocean simulation, same currents reduced by 50%, and same currents increased by 50%. This suite is performed with two coupled models again employing the two atmosphere - land components, AM2 and MCM, for a total of six experiments. Both models show a large sensitivity of the sea ice extent to the magnitude of currents with increased currents reducing the extent and warming the high latitudes. Low cloud cover also responds to circulation changes in both models but in the opposite sense. In the AM2-based model, low cloudiness decreases as ocean circulation increases, reinforcing the sea ice changes in reducing the planetary reflectivity, and warming the climate. This cloudiness change is associated with a reduction in lower-atmospheric stability over the ocean. Because the AM2-based model is able to simulate the observed seasonal low cloud - stability relationship and the changes in these quantities with altered ocean circulation are consistent with this relationship, the AM2 interpretation of the cloud changes is favored.
C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Winton, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 34
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 16
IS 17
BP 2875
EP 2889
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2875:OTCIOO>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 715KA
UT WOS:000184969600007
ER
PT J
AU Hudson, SD
Jamieson, AM
Burkhart, BE
AF Hudson, SD
Jamieson, AM
Burkhart, BE
TI The effect of surfactant on the efficiency of shear-induced drop
coalescence
SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE coalescence; adsorption; surfactant; emulsions; drop collisions; film
drainage; peclet; marangoni
ID IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; PROPYLENE-OXIDE OLIGOMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER;
POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); INTERFACIAL-TENSION; SPHERICAL DROPS;
ETHYLENE-OXIDE; LINEAR FLOW; MOTION; DEFORMATION
AB The volume-averaged shear-induced drop-coalescence efficiency epsilon(v) is measured by in situ videomicroscopy of blends of poly(propylene glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol), emulsified with poly(ethyleneglycol-b-propyleneoxide-b-ethyleneglycol) block copolymer surfactant. Adsorption of copolymer to the immiscible blend interface is indicated by a reduction in the interfacial tension, measured by the drop retraction method. The effects of temperature, copolymer molecular weight, copolymer concentration, and capillary number Ca are explored. At small Ca, epsilon(v) is essentially independent of shear rate and drop size, and depends mainly on the solubility, diffusivity, and surface pressure of the surfactant, indicating that drop trajectories during flow are perturbed by surfactant Marangoni stresses that are controlled by the diffusion-limited sorption of surfactant. At larger Ca, epsilon(v) approaches zero. This arrest of coalescence is associated with the onset of slight deformation of the drops during their collision, and drainage of a film of continuous fluid between them. The effect of the surfactant, though significant, saturates even while the amount of surfactant adsorbed to the interface is quite small. Governing dimensionless parameters, associated material parameters and the behavior of more insoluble surfactants are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Akron, OH 44305 USA.
RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 45
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 19
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9797
J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI
JI J. Colloid Interface Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 265
IS 2
BP 409
EP 421
DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00396-5
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 715JA
UT WOS:000184967300024
PM 12962676
ER
PT J
AU Quinn, JB
Nguyen, VQ
Sanghera, JS
Lloyd, IK
Pureza, PC
Miklos, RE
Aggarwal, ID
AF Quinn, JB
Nguyen, VQ
Sanghera, JS
Lloyd, IK
Pureza, PC
Miklos, RE
Aggarwal, ID
TI Strength and fractographic analysis of chalcogenide As-S-Se and
Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers
SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHALCOHALIDE GLASSES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION;
CERAMICS; SYSTEM
AB The strengths and Weibull parameters of chalcogenide As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers were measured, and the fiber fracture surfaces examined. The sulfide (As-S-Se) fibers have a mean strength of 545 MPa, characteristic strength of 567 MPa, and Weibull slope, m, of 8.5. The weaker telluride (Ge-As-Se-Te) fibers have a mean strength of 427 MPa, characteristic strength of 441 MPa, and a Weibull slope of 11. Fractographic analysis indicates the sources of failure in these glass fibers are inclusions, microbubbles and microcracks. Fracture mirror measurements enabled estimations of fracture toughness and mean critical flaw sizes. The lower strength of the Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers was determined to be a consequence of a more severe flaw population. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA.
RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, STOP8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3093
J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS
JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 325
IS 1-3
BP 150
EP 157
DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00309-0
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 718RM
UT WOS:000185160300017
ER
PT J
AU Gulseren, O
Yildirim, T
Ciraci, S
AF Gulseren, O
Yildirim, T
Ciraci, S
TI Formation of quantum structures on a single nanotube by modulating
hydrogen adsorption
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES
AB Using first-principles density functional calculations we showed that quantum structures can be generated on a single carbon nanotube by modulating the adsorption of hydrogen atoms. The band gap of the hydrogen-free zone of the tube widens in the adjacent hydrogen covered zone. The sudden variation of the band gap leads to band offsets at the conduction- and valence-band edges. At the end, the band gap of the whole system is modulated along the axis of the tube, which generates quantum wells or quantum dots. Specific electronic states are confined in these quantum wells. The type and radius of the nanotube and the extent and sequence of hydrogen-free and hydrogen-covered zones can provide several options to design a desired optoelectronic nanodevice.
C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
NR 23
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 15
PY 2003
VL 68
IS 11
AR 115419
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115419
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 730KE
UT WOS:000185829300098
ER
PT J
AU Neuman, JA
Nowak, JB
Brock, CA
Trainer, M
Fehsenfeld, FC
Holloway, JS
Hubler, G
Hudson, PK
Murphy, DM
Nicks, DK
Orsini, D
Parrish, DD
Ryerson, TB
Sueper, DT
Sullivan, A
Weber, R
AF Neuman, JA
Nowak, JB
Brock, CA
Trainer, M
Fehsenfeld, FC
Holloway, JS
Hubler, G
Hudson, PK
Murphy, DM
Nicks, DK
Orsini, D
Parrish, DD
Ryerson, TB
Sueper, DT
Sullivan, A
Weber, R
TI Variability in ammonium nitrate formation and nitric acid depletion with
altitude and location over California
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE ammonium nitrate; nitric acid; gas-to-particle conversion
ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PARTICLE-SIZE;
DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT;
RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AIR-QUALITY; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB [1] Spatial variations in the partitioning of nitrate between gas phase nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate ammonium nitrate were observed using airborne measurements of trace gas mixing ratios, particle size distributions, and particle composition. During the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment in April and May 2002 the NOAA WP-3 aircraft flew up to 8 km altitude on 11 research flights from Monterey, California. The formation of semivolatile aerosols was studied by examining the enhancement of fine-particulate ammonium nitrate and depletion of gas-phase HNO3 over the San Joaquin Valley, Los Angeles Basin, and Mojave Desert. Gas-phase particle precursors, HNO3 and ammonia (NH3), were converted to particulate ammonium nitrate at higher altitudes within the boundary layer. These particle layers were a consequence of lower ambient temperatures that caused a reduction of the dissociation constant for ammonium nitrate aerosol so that gas phase HNO3 was depleted and particle mass was formed. The resulting vertical gradients in particulate matter and HNO3 were observed in well-mixed boundary layers where other directly emitted trace gases ( CO) and secondary pollutants (O-3) exhibited no vertical gradients. Hence the equilibrium between the gas and particle phases occurred faster than boundary layer mixing times and chemical rather than meteorological effects were responsible for the layers of enhanced particulate matter aloft. Coincident HNO3 depletion and ammonium nitrate formation was also observed downwind from regions characterized by large agricultural NH3 emissions in the Los Angeles Basin and San Joaquin Valley.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM neuman@al.noaa.gov
RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish,
David/E-8957-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008;
Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld,
Frederick/I-4876-2013
OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807;
Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
NR 35
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 12
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D17
AR 4557
DI 10.1029/2003JD003616
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 774ZV
UT WOS:000189017000004
ER
PT J
AU Pachucki, K
Jentschura, UD
AF Pachucki, K
Jentschura, UD
TI Two-loop Bethe-logarithm correction in hydrogenlike atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; RADIATIVE LEVEL SHIFTS; ELECTRON SELF-ENERGY;
LAMB-SHIFT; RYDBERG CONSTANT; IONS; FREQUENCY; DEUTERIUM
AB We calculate the two-loop Bethe logarithm correction to atomic energy levels in hydrogenlike systems. The two-loop Bethe logarithm is a low-energy quantum electrodynamic (QED) effect involving multiple summations over virtual excited atomic states. Although much smaller in absolute magnitude than the well-known one-loop Bethe logarithm, the two-loop analog is quite significant when compared to the current experimental accuracy of the 1S-2S transition: It contributes -8.19 and -0.84 kHz for the 1S and the 2S state, respectively. The two-loop Bethe logarithm has been the largest unknown correction to the hydrogen Lamb shift to date. Together with the ongoing measurement of the proton charge radius at the Paul Scherrer Institute, its calculation will bring theoretical and experimental accuracy for the Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen to the level of 10(-7).
C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pachucki, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
NR 26
TC 68
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 11
AR 113005
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.113005
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 720XN
UT WOS:000185288000018
PM 14525422
ER
PT J
AU Copley, JRD
AF Copley, JRD
TI An acceptance diagram analysis of the contaminant pulse removal problem
with direct geometry neutron chopper spectrometers
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron scattering; time-of-flight; neutron choppers; acceptance
diagrams
ID OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETER; NEAT
AB Phased choppers are used to produce pulsed beams of monochromatic neutrons at research reactors and spallation neutron sources. Depending on the design of the instrument, it is very possible that the choppers will transmit neutrons with wavelengths other than those within the desired band of wavelengths. One or more additional choppers are typically needed to remove these contaminant pulses. We describe a method of determining the wavelength- and time-dependent transmission of a system of choppers using acceptance diagrams. The method is illustrated with calculations for the Disk Chopper Spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the proposed Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer at the Spallation Neutron Source (Oak Ridge, TN). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Copley, JRD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.copley@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
EI 1872-9576
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD SEP 11
PY 2003
VL 510
IS 3
BP 318
EP 324
DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01731-5
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 718TR
UT WOS:000185163000013
ER
PT J
AU Shull, JM
Tumlinson, J
Giroux, ML
AF Shull, JM
Tumlinson, J
Giroux, ML
TI The multiphase intergalactic medium toward PKS 2155-304
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE intergalactic medium
ID ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; LOW-REDSHIFT; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM;
SYSTEMS; SHOCKS
AB We study the cluster of H I and O vi absorption systems and the claimed detection of O VIII absorption from the intergalactic medium at z approximate to 0.0567, associated with a group of galaxies toward the BL Lac object PKS 2155 - 304. As measured by spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope, Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, and Chandra, this system appears to contain gas at a variety of temperatures. We analyze this multiphase gas in a clumpy-infall model. From the absence of C IV and Si III absorption in the Lyalpha clouds, we infer metallicities less than 2.5% - 10% of solar values. The only metals are detected in two O vi absorption components, offset by +/- 400 km s(-1) from the group barycenter (cz approximate to 16,000 km s(-1)). The O vi components may signify "nearside" and "backside" infall into the group potential well, which coincides with the claimed O VIII absorption. If the claimed O VIII detection is real, our analysis suggests that clusters of strong Lya and O vi absorbers, associated with groups of galaxies, may be the "signposts" of shock-heated metal-enriched baryons. Through combined UV and X-ray spectra of H I and O VI, O vVII, and O VIII, one may be able to clarify the heating mechanism of this multiphase gas.
C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA.
RP Shull, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM mshull@casa.colorado.edu; tumlinso@oddjob.uchicago.edu;
giroux@polar.etsu.edu
NR 27
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 10
PY 2003
VL 594
IS 2
BP L107
EP L110
DI 10.1086/378737
PN 2
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 720JM
UT WOS:000185257700011
ER
PT J
AU Kunkel, KE
Easterling, DR
Redmond, K
Hubbard, K
AF Kunkel, KE
Easterling, DR
Redmond, K
Hubbard, K
TI Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United
States: 1895-2000
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRENDS
AB A newly available data set of daily precipitation observations was used to study the temporal variability of the frequency of short-duration extreme precipitation events for 1895-2000 in the conterminous United States. Event durations of 1, 5, 10, and 30 day and return periods of 1, 5, and 20 year were analyzed. For all combinations of duration and return period, heavy precipitation frequencies were relatively high during the late 19th/early 20th Centuries, decreasing to a minimum in the 1920s and 30s, followed by a general increase into the 1990s. The frequencies at the beginning of the 20th Century were nearly as high as during the late 20th Century for some combinations of duration and return period, suggesting that natural variability cannot be discounted as an important contributor to the recent high values. Extensive quality control of data and Monte Carlo testing was performed to provide confidence in the reality of the early period high frequencies.
C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
EM kkunkel@uiuc.edu
RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047
NR 8
TC 90
Z9 97
U1 4
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 9
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 17
AR 1900
DI 10.1029/2003GL018052
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 774ZJ
UT WOS:000189016000006
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, WT
Schwing, FB
AF Peterson, WT
Schwing, FB
TI A new climate regime in northeast pacific ecosystems
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; EL-NINO; OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; SHIFTS; EVOLUTION;
SARDINES; EVENTS
AB Following a strong El Nino, the climate of the North Pacific underwent a rapid and striking transition in late 1998. Upwelling-favorable winds strengthened over the California Current (CC), and winds weakened in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Coastal waters of the CC and GOA cooled by several degrees, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) reversed sign and remained negative through summer 2002. Zooplankton biomass in the northern CC doubled and switched from warm to cold water species dominance, coho and chinook salmon stocks rebounded, and anchovy and osmeriids increased. Persistent changes in atmosphere and upper ocean fields and ecosystem structure suggest a climate regime shift has occurred, similar (opposite) to shifts observed in 1947 (1925 and 1976). If the 1998 regime shift in the northern CC is completely analogous to earlier shifts, then ecosystem structure should have changed in the GOA. Recent surveys indicate this ecosystem has transformed as well.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov; fschwing@pfeg.noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 285
Z9 292
U1 1
U2 68
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 9
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 17
AR 1896
DI 10.1029/2003GL017528
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 774ZJ
UT WOS:000189016000002
ER
PT J
AU Hegaret, H
Wikfors, GH
Soudant, P
AF Hegaret, H
Wikfors, GH
Soudant, P
TI Flow-cytometric analysis of haemocytes from eastern oysters, Crassostrea
virginica, subjected to a sudden temperature elevation I. Haemocyte
types and morphology
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE granulocytes; hyalinocytes; SYBR green; flow cytometry
ID EQUINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; PHAGOCYTOSIS
AB In this report, we provide detailed protocols for flow-cytometric characterization of haemocytes from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and report,effects of sudden temperature elevation upon haemocyte characteristics. Haemocytes were differentiated from other particles in the haemolymph using a combination of the DNA-binding fluorochrome SYBR Green and internal cell complexity. In formalin-fixed haemolymph, four distinct subpopulations of haemocytes were found: small hyalinocytes, large hyalinocytes, small granulocytes, and granulocytes. Hyalinocytes were numerically dominant, small and large together accounting for 60% of the haemocytes; granulocytes accounted for 30-35%, and small granulocytes were least numerous at <5%. These percentages were the same for haemolymph analysed immediately after it was withdrawn from living oysters (without fixation) as for haemolymph fixed with formalin, although small and large hyalinocytes were not always clearly differentiated into two distinct populations. There was a general trend for the fixed cells to appear in the flow cytometer to be larger and more complex than the fresh ones (except for granulocyte complexity).
Oysters subjected to a sudden increase in temperature from 20 to 28 degreesC for 1 week showed significant changes in haemocyte morphology. Sudden temperature elevation was associated with a general decrease in size of all haemocyte types. The ability to detect changes in individual haemocyte types for many oysters by these flow-cytometric methods should improve progress in understanding oyster mortality associated with combined effects of environmental stresses, disease, and parasites. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
UBO, LEMAR, UMR 6539, IUEM, Plouzane, France.
RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008
OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013
NR 32
TC 66
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD SEP 9
PY 2003
VL 293
IS 2
BP 237
EP 248
DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00236-3
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 711DF
UT WOS:000184723800006
ER
PT J
AU Hegaret, H
Wikfors, GH
Soudant, P
AF Hegaret, H
Wikfors, GH
Soudant, P
TI Flow cytometric analysis of haemocytes from eastern oysters, Crassostrea
virginica, subjected to a sudden temperature elevation II. Haemocyte
functions: aggregation, viability, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE granulocytes; hyalinocytes; propidium iodide; oxidative burst; reactive
oxygen species; flow cytometry
ID LUMINOL-DEPENDENT CHEMILUMINESCENCE; EQUINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; OXYGEN
METABOLITES; OXIDATIVE BURST; MARINE BIVALVES; NEUTROPHILS; AMEBOCYTES;
MOLLUSKS; EDULIS; SYSTEM
AB The capability of an oyster to respond to environmental stresses, such as periodically high summer temperatures, as well as disease or parasite infections, depends, in large measure, upon the viability and functional capability of haemocytes. Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were subjected to a sudden increase in temperature from 20 to 28 degreesC for 1 week, and several haemocyte functions were determined before and after the temperature elevation using the flow cytometer. Previously, we described the characterization of different haemocyte types using new and modified flow cytometric methods. In this report, we provide detailed protocols for flow cytometric methods to: (1) determine haemocyte aggregation using paired samples with or without an antiaggregant solution; (2) assess haemocyte viability using propidium iodide (PI); (3) quantify haemocyte phagocytosis with fluorescent microbeads; and (4) measure the respiratory burst response of individual haemocytes using 2,7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and zymosan to activate the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The temperature increase caused no significant change in haemocyte aggregation, although there was a trend of increasing aggregation in granulocytes and small granulocytes, but a slight decrease in hyalinocyte aggregation. Phagocytosis of all haemocyte types decreased after the temperature increase. Significantly higher percentages of dead haemocytes in all haemocyte types (attributable to a large increase in mortality of hyalinocytes, the most numerous cells) were found after the temperature increase, suggesting generally less capable immune function. Numbers of dead small granulocytes and granulocytes tended to decrease, but this was not statistically significant. Effects of temperature elevation upon respiratory burst were not statistically significant; however, a trend of increased ROS production after temperature elevation was consistent for all haemocyte types. Granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and small granulocytes showed increased production of ROS in the presence of zymosan; granulocytes showed the highest induced fluorescence. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NOAA, Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
UBO, IUEM, LEMAR, UMR 6539, Plouzane, France.
RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008
OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013
NR 41
TC 134
Z9 139
U1 2
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD SEP 9
PY 2003
VL 293
IS 2
BP 249
EP 265
DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00235-1
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 711DF
UT WOS:000184723800007
ER
PT J
AU Reed, SM
AF Reed, SM
TI Deriving flow directions for coarse-resolution (1-4 km) gridded
hydrologic modeling
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE flow direction; digital elevation model; geographic information systems;
hydrologic modeling; distributed modeling
ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; RIVER NETWORKS; AREAS
AB [1] The National Weather Service Hydrology Laboratory (NWS-HL) is currently testing a grid-based distributed hydrologic model at a resolution ( 4 km) commensurate with operational, radar-based precipitation products. To implement distributed routing algorithms in this framework, a flow direction must be assigned to each model cell. A new algorithm, referred to as cell outlet tracing with an area threshold (COTAT) has been developed to automatically, accurately, and efficiently assign flow directions to any coarse-resolution grid cells using information from any higher-resolution digital elevation model. Although similar to previously published algorithms, this approach offers some advantages. Use of an area threshold allows more control over the tendency for producing diagonal flow directions. Analyses of results at different output resolutions ranging from 300 m to 4000 m indicate that it is possible to choose an area threshold that will produce minimal differences in average network flow lengths across this range of scales. Flow direction grids at a 4 km resolution have been produced for the conterminous United States.
C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Reed, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM seann.reed@noaa.gov
NR 17
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD SEP 9
PY 2003
VL 39
IS 9
AR 1238
DI 10.1029/2003WR001989
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 775CA
UT WOS:000189022100001
ER
PT J
AU Aichele, M
Gebremichael, Y
Starr, FW
Baschnagel, J
Glotzer, SC
AF Aichele, M
Gebremichael, Y
Starr, FW
Baschnagel, J
Glotzer, SC
TI Polymer-specific effects of bulk relaxation and stringlike correlated
motion in the dynamics of a supercooled polymer melt
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODE-COUPLING-THEORY; INTERMEDIATE SCATTERING FUNCTION; SPATIALLY
HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; HOVE CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; LENNARD-JONES
MIXTURE; GLASS-TRANSITION; BETA-RELAXATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION;
COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COHERENT SCATTERING
AB We analyze dynamical heterogeneities in a simulated "bead-spring" model of a nonentangled, supercooled polymer melt. We explore the importance of chain connectivity on the spatially heterogeneous motion of the monomers. We find that when monomers move, they tend to follow each other in one-dimensional paths, forming strings as previously reported in atomic liquids and colloidal suspensions. The mean string length is largest at a time close to the peak time of the mean cluster size of mobile monomers. This maximum string length increases, roughly in an exponential fashion, on cooling toward the critical temperature T-MCT of the mode-coupling theory, but generally remains small, although large strings involving ten or more monomers are observed. An important contribution to this replacement comes from directly bonded neighbors in the chain. However, mobility is not concentrated along the backbone of the chains. Thus, a relaxation mechanism in which neighboring mobile monomers along the chain move predominantly along the backbone of the chains, seems unlikely for the system studied. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
C1 Inst Charles Sadron, F-67083 Strasbourg, France.
Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Baschnagel, J (reprint author), Inst Charles Sadron, 6 Rue Boussingault, F-67083 Strasbourg, France.
RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012
NR 63
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 8
PY 2003
VL 119
IS 10
BP 5290
EP 5304
DI 10.1063/1.1597473
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 714EK
UT WOS:000184899200031
ER
PT J
AU Tedesco, K
Thunell, R
AF Tedesco, K
Thunell, R
TI High resolution tropical climate record for the last 6,000 years
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OCEAN CIRCULATION;
SOUTH-AMERICA; SARGASSO SEA; WARM PERIOD; ICE-AGE; HOLOCENE; ATLANTIC;
VARIABILITY
AB Planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records from the Cariaco Basin, offshore Venezuela were used to construct high-resolution tropical Atlantic climate records for the mid to late Holocene. Our results indicate that major increases in delta(18)O due both to increases in salinity and decreases in sea surface temperature occurred at least six times over the last 6,000 years (similar to6,000-5,000, 4,500 4,200, 3,800-3,200, 3,000-2,800, 2,200-2,000, and 1200-800 cal yrs. B.P.). The initial delta(18)O increase centered at 5,500 years ago is coincident with the development of arid conditions in the Caribbean region and the end of the "African humid period" indicating a global drying of the northern tropics at this time. Synchronous with the aridification of the Caribbean region are the onset of wetter conditions in the South American Altiplano and the reoccupation of this region by humans. This combination of contrasting climate conditions is attributed to a southward displacement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) that would have resulted in decreased precipitation and increased trade wind intensity in the Caribbean region and increased rainfall over the Altiplano.
C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Tedesco, K (reprint author), NOAA, Off Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 6
PY 2003
VL 30
IS 17
AR 1891
DI 10.1029/2003GL017959
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 722DY
UT WOS:000185361200004
ER
PT J
AU Brown, SS
Stark, H
Ravishankara, AR
AF Brown, SS
Stark, H
Ravishankara, AR
TI Applicability of the steady state approximation to the interpretation of
atmospheric observations of NO3 and N2O5
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrate radical; dinitrogen pentoxide; steady state
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-TERM OBSERVATION; NITRATE RADICALS;
CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERE; ABSORPTION; BERLIN; PEROXY
AB [1] This paper examines the conditions under which a steady state analysis is valid for modeling NO3 and N2O5 chemistry in the atmosphere. The conclusions come from a simple box model analysis that considers a limited number of reactions between NO2, O-3, NO3, N2O5 and the presumed sinks for the latter two. The applicability of the steady state depends on the strength of the sinks for NO3 and N2O5, the concentration of NO2, and the ambient temperature. Under clean conditions, weak sinks for NO3 prevent the system from passing through the induction period during the time between sunset and sunrise, thus keeping the system out of steady state. Under polluted (i. e., large NO2 concentrations) or cold conditions, the presence of an equilibrium between NO3 and N2O5 markedly slows the approach to steady state even though the two species are close to equilibrium. The time required to approach equilibrium between NO2, NO3, and N2O5 is not a good measure of the time required to achieve a steady state among these compounds. The paper considers the conditions for which steady state may be valid and outlines a method for identification of individual sinks for NO3 and N2O5 from observed concentration measurements for the steady state case.
C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sbrown@al.noaa.gov; hstark@al.noaa.gov; ravigrl@al.noaa.gov
RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 27
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 5
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D17
AR 4539
DI 10.1029/2003JD003407
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722EC
UT WOS:000185361600002
ER
PT J
AU Simon-Manso, Y
Fuentealba, P
AF Simon-Manso, Y
Fuentealba, P
TI On the location of the electron lone pair of XeF6 and related molecules
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE electron localization; valence shell electron pair repulsion; geometry
ID LOCALIZATION
AB Theoretical results based on the use of the electron localization function confirmed, for the first time, the predictions of the valence shell electron pair repulsion model about the electron lone pair on the XeF6 and related molecules. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile.
RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yamil.simon-manso@nist.gov
RI fuentealba, patricio/D-6300-2011; fuentealba, patricio/A-4522-2008
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-1280
J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM
JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct.
PD SEP 5
PY 2003
VL 634
BP 89
EP 94
DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(03)00325-7
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 722MZ
UT WOS:000185380800010
ER
PT J
AU Coddington, I
Engels, P
Schweikhard, V
Cornell, EA
AF Coddington, I
Engels, P
Schweikhard, V
Cornell, EA
TI Observation of Tkachenko oscillations in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein
condensates
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VORTEX
AB We directly image Tkachenko waves in a vortex lattice in a dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensate. The low (sub-Hz) resonant frequencies are a consequence of the small but nonvanishing elastic shear modulus of the vortex-filled superfluid. The frequencies are measured for rotation rates as high as 98% of the centrifugal limit for the harmonically confined gas. Agreement with a hydrodynamic theory worsens with increasing rotation rate, perhaps due to the increasing fraction of the volume displaced by the vortex cores. We also observe two low-lying m=0 longitudinal modes at about 20 times higher frequency.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Coddington, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 21
TC 134
Z9 136
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 5
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 10
AR 100402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.100402
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 724KA
UT WOS:000185485700002
PM 14525467
ER
PT J
AU Lehnert, KW
Turek, BA
Bladh, K
Spietz, LF
Gunnarsson, D
Delsing, P
Schoelkopf, RJ
AF Lehnert, KW
Turek, BA
Bladh, K
Spietz, LF
Gunnarsson, D
Delsing, P
Schoelkopf, RJ
TI Quantum charge fluctuations and the polarizability of the
single-electron box
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TUNNELING CONDUCTANCE; TRANSISTOR; QUANTIZATION; DOT
AB We measure the average charge on the island of a single-electron box, with an accuracy of two thousandths of an electron. Thermal fluctuations alone cannot account for the dependence of the average charge on temperature, on external potential, or on the quasiparticle density of states in the metal from which the box is formed. In contrast, we find excellent agreement between these measurements and a theory that treats the quantum fluctuations of charge perturbatively.
C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Microelect & nanosci, Microtechnol Ctr Chalmers MC2, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lehnert, KW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Delsing, Per/F-7288-2010; Schoelkopf,
Robert/J-8178-2012
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Delsing, Per/0000-0002-1222-3506;
NR 19
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 5
PY 2003
VL 91
IS 10
AR 106801
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.106801
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 724KA
UT WOS:000185485700031
PM 14525496
ER
PT J
AU Cuntz, M
Ciais, P
Hoffmann, G
Allison, CE
Francey, RJ
Knorr, W
Tans, PP
White, JWC
Levin, I
AF Cuntz, M
Ciais, P
Hoffmann, G
Allison, CE
Francey, RJ
Knorr, W
Tans, PP
White, JWC
Levin, I
TI A comprehensive global three-dimensional model of delta O-18 in
atmospheric CO2: 2. Mapping the atmospheric signal
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE isotope model; O-18 in CO2; isotope feedback mechanism; rectifier
effect; global model
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTHERN HEMISPHERIC TROPOPAUSE; TERRESTRIAL
CARBON METABOLISM; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; TRANSPORT MODELS; DIOXIDE; FLUXES;
WATER; EXCHANGE; SIMULATIONS
AB [1] We have modeled the distribution of delta(18)O in atmospheric CO2 with a new comprehensive global three-dimensional model. We have focused in this study on the seasonal cycle and the meridional gradient in the atmosphere. The model has been compared with a data set of delta(18)O-CO2, which merges measurements made by different laboratories, with allowance for recently elucidated calibration biases. The model compares well with the seasonal cycle of CO2, but advances the measured delta(18)O-CO2 seasonal cycle by two months. The calculated seasonal amplitude is typically 2/3 of the measured value, but the sensitivity to uncertainties in the input parameter set is such that a range of amplitudes over a factor of 3 is accommodated. Unlike the case for the amplitude, the sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the modeled phase of the seasonal cycle and the north-south gradient are practically unaffected by uncertainty in the parameter set. The north-south gradient comes, on the one hand, from the disequilibrium of the delta(18)O-CO2 isofluxes at every grid point and, on the other hand, from rectification gradients, a covariance of the varying delta(18)O-CO2 source with the atmospheric transport. The model exhibits a very strong rectification gradient that can lead to a misinterpretation of the measurements compared to the model. We therefore restrict comparison to the latitudinal means of only ocean grid cells with measurements from stations sampling the marine boundary layer. Assimilation and respiration are the determining factors of the seasonal cycle and the north-south gradient of delta(18)O-CO2. In a number of sensitivity studies we have explored the range of possible processes affecting the simulated seasonal cycle and hemispheric gradient. None of these processes contributed significantly to improve the model-observation mismatch. The contribution of assimilation and respiration to the total signal does change significantly in the sensitivity studies, but, because of feedback processes, they change in such a way that the overall response of the model is only marginally altered. In particular, prescribing delta(18)O-H2O soil values to monthly means of rain does not significantly change the modeled signal, either in the seasonal cycle or in the meridional gradient. This highlights the need to accurately model assimilation and respiration in order to understand delta(18)O in atmospheric CO2.
C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, LSCE, Unite Mixte, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Div Atmospher Res, Melbourne, Vic 3195, Australia.
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
RP CEA Saclay, CNRS, LSCE, Unite Mixte, Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM cuntz@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; ciais@lsce.saclay.cea.fr;
hoffmann@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; colin.allison@csiro.au;
roger.francey@csiro.au; wknorr@bgc-jena.mpg.de; ptans@cmdl.noaa.gov;
james.white@colorado.edu; lv@uphys1.uphys.uni-heidelberg.de
RI White, James/A-7845-2009
OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684
NR 60
TC 75
Z9 76
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 4
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D17
AR 4528
DI 10.1029/2002JD003154
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722EB
UT WOS:000185361500003
ER
PT J
AU Ginoux, P
Torres, O
AF Ginoux, P
Torres, O
TI Empirical TOMS index for dust aerosol: Applications to model validation
and source characterization
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE dust sources; dust modeling; TOMS satellite
ID SAHARAN DUST; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; MINERAL
AEROSOL; GLOBAL-MODEL; DESERT; OZONE; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; VARIABILITY
AB [1] An empirical relation is developed to express the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) aerosol index ( AI) for the case of dust plumes, as an explicit function of four physical quantities: the single scattering albedo, optical thickness, altitude of the plume and surface pressure. This relation allows sensitivity analysis of the TOMS AI with physical properties, quantitative comparison with dust model results and physical analysis of dust sources, without the necessity of cumbersome radiative calculation. Two applications are presented: ( 1) the case study of a dust storm over the North Atlantic in March 1988, and ( 2) the characterization of 13 major dust sources. The first application shows that simulated dust distribution can be quantitatively compared to TOMS AI on a daily basis and over regions where dust is the dominant aerosol. The second application necessitates to further parameterize the relation by replacing the optical thickness and the altitude of the plume by meteorological variables. The advantage is that surface meteorological fields are easily available globally and for decades but the formulation only applies to dust sources. The daily, seasonal and interannual variability of the parameterized index over major dust sources reproduces correctly the variability of the observed TOMS AI. The correlation between these two indices is used to determine the surface characteristics and physical properties of dust aerosol over the sources.
C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM paul.ginoux@noaa.gov; torres@tparty.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013
OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988;
NR 43
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 4
PY 2003
VL 108
IS D17
AR 4534
DI 10.1029/2003JD003470
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 722EB
UT WOS:000185361500007
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CY
Chen, G
Dai, S
Singh, PM
AF Jones, CY
Chen, G
Dai, S
Singh, PM
TI Solubility in the NaOH-Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2SO3-Na2S2O3-Na2S-H2O system, a
simulated black liquor recovery boiler smelt
SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMODYNAMICS
AB Results are presented for a study on the dissolution behavior of salt mixtures formulated to simulate smelt deposits inside pulp mill recovery boilers. Solubilities of carbonate-rich NaOH-Na2CO3-Na2SO4 and NaOH-Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2SO3-Na2S2O3-Na2S mixtures in water at 25 degreesC and 1 bar exhibited an increase in the concentration of Na2CO3(aq) and Na2SO4(aq) with an increasing amount of water added. An ion-interaction solution model explains this behavior as resulting from the suppressive effect of NaOH on the solubility of other salts; dilution of NaOH increases the solubility of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3. In addition, the formation of hydrated salts of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 reduced the amount of liquid water present and thus had a concentrating effect on NaOH(aq). These results are applied to understanding the role of smelt-water mixtures in corrosion of stainless steel in boiler floors.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
Georgia Tech, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Jones, CY (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015
OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0888-5885
J9 IND ENG CHEM RES
JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
PD SEP 3
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 18
BP 4228
EP 4233
DI 10.1021/ie010826p
PG 6
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 716XC
UT WOS:000185054100010
ER
PT J
AU Balsara, NP
Lefebvre, AA
Hammouda, B
Rappl, T
AF Balsara, NP
Lefebvre, AA
Hammouda, B
Rappl, T
TI Does conventional nucleation occur during liquid-liquid phase separation
in polymer mixtures?
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nbalsara@cchem.berkeley.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 14-PHYS
BP U273
EP U273
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501304
ER
PT J
AU Balss, KM
Thomas, OC
Avedisian, CT
Cavicchi, RE
Tarlov, MJ
AF Balss, KM
Thomas, OC
Avedisian, CT
Cavicchi, RE
Tarlov, MJ
TI Factors influencing microboiling behavior on gold microheaters.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM kbalss@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 161-COLL
BP U373
EP U374
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401757
ER
PT J
AU Beers, KL
Cabral, JT
Walls, HJ
Karim, A
Amis, EJ
Harrison, C
AF Beers, KL
Cabral, JT
Walls, HJ
Karim, A
Amis, EJ
Harrison, C
TI High-throughput milli-fluidic platform for polymer formulations.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015
OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 193-POLY
BP U384
EP U384
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501961
ER
PT J
AU Berman, HM
Westbrook, JD
Bourne, PE
Gilliland, GL
Flippen-Anderson, JL
AF Berman, HM
Westbrook, JD
Bourne, PE
Gilliland, GL
Flippen-Anderson, JL
CA PDB Team
TI The evolution of the protein data bank.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
UCSD, SDSC, CARB, NIST,Rutgers, San Diego, CA USA.
EM berman@rcsb.rutgers.edu
RI Bourne, Philip/C-2073-2008
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 067-CINF
BP U302
EP U302
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401385
ER
PT J
AU Bossev, DP
Rosov, N
AF Bossev, DP
Rosov, N
TI Shape fluctuations of lipid vesicles studied by a neutron spin-echo
technique.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Maryland, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dbossev@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 227-COLL
BP U383
EP U384
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401822
ER
PT J
AU Bossev, DP
AF Bossev, DP
TI Structures of silica nano-particles in organic solvent
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Maryland, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dbossev@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 069-COLL
BP U359
EP U359
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401665
ER
PT J
AU Bourne, PE
Westbrook, JD
Berman, HM
Gilliland, GL
Flippen-Anderson, JL
AF Bourne, PE
Westbrook, JD
Berman, HM
Gilliland, GL
Flippen-Anderson, JL
CA PDB Team
TI The protein data bank (PDB) as a research tool
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
UCSD, SDSC, CARB, NIST,Rutgers, San Diego, CA USA.
EM bourne@sdsc.edu
RI Bourne, Philip/C-2073-2008
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 068-CINF
BP U302
EP U302
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401386
ER
PT J
AU Cafiero, ML
Gonzalez, C
AF Cafiero, ML
Gonzalez, C
TI Role of exact exchange and correlation functionals in chemical
reactions.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mauricio.cafiero@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 250-PHYS
BP U307
EP U307
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501536
ER
PT J
AU Chaka, AM
AF Chaka, AM
TI How scientific computing, knowledge management, and databases can enable
advances and new insights in chemical technology.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 033-COMP
BP U427
EP U428
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401982
ER
PT J
AU Chaka, AM
Cafiero, ML
Gonzalez, CA
AF Chaka, AM
Cafiero, ML
Gonzalez, CA
TI Dissociation of oxygen and water at metal oxide surfaces: Role of the
surface and surrounding environment.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 204-PHYS
BP U300
EP U300
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501492
ER
PT J
AU Ciezak, JA
Brown, CM
AF Ciezak, JA
Brown, CM
TI Fundamental tests of ab initio methods on organic based charge transfer
crystals using inelastic neutron spectroscopy.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
Univ Maryland, NIST, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jciezak@syr.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 368-PHYS
BP U325
EP U325
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501652
ER
PT J
AU Dong, Q
Yan, XJ
Wilhoit, RC
Hong, XR
Frenkel, M
AF Dong, Q
Yan, XJ
Wilhoit, RC
Hong, XR
Frenkel, M
TI Analysis of uncertainty assessments in experimental critical property
data.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Texas Expt Engn Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM qdong@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 109-CINF
BP U308
EP U308
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401427
ER
PT J
AU Fox, DM
Awad, W
Sutto, TE
Gilman, JW
Trulove, PC
De Long, HC
AF Fox, DM
Awad, W
Sutto, TE
Gilman, JW
Trulove, PC
De Long, HC
TI Thermal and kinetic studies of tri-alkyl-imidizaolium salts.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Mat Fire Res Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM dmfox@ccs.nrl.navy.mil
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 203-IEC
BP U646
EP U646
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403113
ER
PT J
AU Frenkel, M
Chirico, RD
Diky, VV
Dong, Q
AF Frenkel, M
Chirico, RD
Diky, VV
Dong, Q
TI Thermoml-new approach for thermodynamic data communications.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 084-CINF
BP U304
EP U304
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401402
ER
PT J
AU Funston, AM
Wishart, JF
Neta, P
Lall, SI
Engel, R
Brennecke, JF
AF Funston, AM
Wishart, JF
Neta, P
Lall, SI
Engel, R
Brennecke, JF
TI Reactivity of solvated and pre-solvated electrons in alkylammonium
bistriflylimide ionic liquids.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA.
CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA.
Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM afunston@bnl.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 196-IEC
BP U645
EP U645
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403106
ER
PT J
AU Funston, AM
Wishart, JF
Neta, P
Lall, SI
Engel, R
AF Funston, AM
Wishart, JF
Neta, P
Lall, SI
Engel, R
TI Ionic liquids: Composition effects on reactivity patterns and solvation
dynamics.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY USA.
CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY USA.
EM afunston@bnl.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 372-PHYS
BP U325
EP U326
PN 2
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501656
ER
PT J
AU Gonzalez, CA
AF Gonzalez, CA
TI Critical issues in the application of quantum chemistry in computational
kinetics.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 179-COMP
BP U451
EP U451
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062402127
ER
PT J
AU Heinz, WF
Yim, P
Daeron, C
Goldner, LS
AF Heinz, WF
Yim, P
Daeron, C
Goldner, LS
TI Simultaneous force and fluorescence dynamics of single antigen-antibody
pairs.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM william.heinz@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 62-PHYS
BP U279
EP U280
PN 2
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501350
ER
PT J
AU Hu, TJ
AF Hu, TJ
TI Fast evaluation of next-generation lithographical patterns by small
angle X-ray scattering.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM tengjiao.hu@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 45-POLY
BP U364
EP U364
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501813
ER
PT J
AU Hu, Y
Liu, GY
Mrksich, M
Vanderah, DJ
Vanderlick, TK
Scoles, G
AF Hu, Y
Liu, GY
Mrksich, M
Vanderah, DJ
Vanderlick, TK
Scoles, G
TI Comparative AFM study of compressibility and friction of unmodified and
PEG-modified alkane thiol SAMS on Au(111) using nanografting.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
NIST, CSTL, Div Biotechnol, Biomol Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM yinghu@princeton.edu
RI Mrksich, Milan/G-2469-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 251-COLL
BP U388
EP U388
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401846
ER
PT J
AU Huang, C
Xia, F
Klein, R
Wang, YK
Cheng, ZY
Batemarr, FB
Zhang, QM
AF Huang, C
Xia, F
Klein, R
Wang, YK
Cheng, ZY
Batemarr, FB
Zhang, QM
TI Two-step annealing procedures would improve relaxor ferroelectric
poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) polymer actuators.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cxh57@psu.edu
RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008
OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 245-PMSE
BP U496
EP U496
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502580
ER
PT J
AU Huang, X
Terech, P
Glinka, CJ
Weiss, RG
AF Huang, X
Terech, P
Glinka, CJ
Weiss, RG
TI Kinetic study of organogel formation by 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-yl
N-(2-naphthyl) carbamate (CNC) in N-octane by circular dichroism and
small angle neutron scattering measurements.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
CEA, DRFMC, SI3M Lab Phys Chem, Grenoble, France.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Boulder, CO USA.
EM xh2@georgetown.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 350-ORGN
BP U170
EP U171
PN 2
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062500828
ER
PT J
AU Irikura, KK
AF Irikura, KK
TI ClOO van der Waals isomer: Low-spin open-shell/open-shell complex.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM karl.irikura@nist.gov
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 262-PHYS
BP U309
EP U309
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501548
ER
PT J
AU Kimura-Suda, H
Petrovykh, DY
Whitman, LJ
Tarlov, MJ
AF Kimura-Suda, H
Petrovykh, DY
Whitman, LJ
Tarlov, MJ
TI Base-dependent affinity of DNA oligonucleoties for gold surfaces.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.
EM hiromi.suda@nist.gov
RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011
OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 022-COLL
BP U351
EP U351
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401618
ER
PT J
AU Kramer, GW
AF Kramer, GW
TI ANIML: Analytical information markup language for spectroscopy and
chromatography data.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gary.kramer@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 080-CINF
BP U304
EP U304
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401398
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, SK
Garde, S
Douglas, JF
Starr, FW
AF Kumar, SK
Garde, S
Douglas, JF
Starr, FW
TI Structural signatures of vitrification in hard core fluids.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12210 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 23-PHYS
BP U274
EP U274
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501312
ER
PT J
AU Lee, YS
Krauss, M
AF Lee, YS
Krauss, M
TI Dynamics of proton transfer in bacteriorhodopsin.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIH, Ctr Mol Modeling, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Boulder, CO USA.
EM leeys@mail.nih.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 402-PHYS
BP U330
EP U330
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501684
ER
PT J
AU Lin-Gibson, S
Hobbie, EK
Wang, H
Pathak, JA
AF Lin-Gibson, S
Hobbie, EK
Wang, H
Pathak, JA
TI Aggregation of polymer-dispersed nanotubes under weak-shear.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 073-COLL
BP U359
EP U359
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401669
ER
PT J
AU Lin-Gibson, S
Byrd, HCM
Bencherif, S
Beers, KL
AF Lin-Gibson, S
Byrd, HCM
Bencherif, S
Beers, KL
TI MALDI-TOF MS analysis of chain-end functionalized polystyrenes.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michelle.byrd@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 085-ANYL
BP U114
EP U114
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400476
ER
PT J
AU Linstrom, PJ
Tchekhovskoi, DV
AF Linstrom, PJ
Tchekhovskoi, DV
TI Transitioning to a structure based identification system.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 085-CINF
BP U304
EP U304
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401403
ER
PT J
AU Linstrom, PJ
AF Linstrom, PJ
TI Towards a universal physical property data index.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 040-CINF
BP U298
EP U298
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401359
ER
PT J
AU Litorja, M
Dunmire, D
Walker, AH
AF Litorja, M
Dunmire, D
Walker, AH
TI Effect of particle size on the density of gold colloids deposited on
silanized surfaces.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM litorja@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 107-COLL
BP U365
EP U365
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401703
ER
PT J
AU Locascio, LE
Vreeland, W
Jahn, A
Gaitan, M
AF Locascio, LE
Vreeland, W
Jahn, A
Gaitan, M
TI Applications of liposomes in microfluidic systems.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Laurie.Locascio@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 166-ANYL
BP U127
EP U127
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400554
ER
PT J
AU Maciejczyk, P
Zeisler, R
Hwang, JS
Thurston, GD
Chen, LC
AF Maciejczyk, P
Zeisler, R
Hwang, JS
Thurston, GD
Chen, LC
TI Characterization of size-fractionated World Trade Center dust and
estimation of relative dust contribution to ambient concentrations.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Nucl Methods Grp, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Nucl Methods Grp, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA.
EM polina@env.med.nyu.edu
RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 109-ENVR
BP U485
EP U485
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062402311
ER
PT J
AU Magee, JW
Kabo, GJ
Frenkel, M
AF Magee, JW
Kabo, GJ
Frenkel, M
TI Physical property measurements and a comprehensive data retrieval system
for ionic liquids.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Belarussian State Univ, Dept Chem, Minsk 220050, Byelarus.
NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM joe.magee@nist.gov
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 014-IEC
BP U617
EP U617
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062402926
ER
PT J
AU Martin, JW
Chin, JW
Nguyen, T
AF Martin, JW
Chin, JW
Nguyen, T
TI Service life prediction of polymeric materials: Quantitative
characterization and linkage of field and laboratory exposure
environments.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jonathan.martin@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 118-PMSE
BP U476
EP U476
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502454
ER
PT J
AU Matheu, D
Grenda, JM
Saeys, M
Green, WH
AF Matheu, D
Grenda, JM
Saeys, M
Green, WH
TI Automated construction of pressure-dependent gas-phase kinetic models:
New pathways for old problems.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
State Univ Ghent, Petrochem Tech Lab, Ghent, Belgium.
MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM david.matheu@nist.gov
RI Green, William/C-9684-2012
OI Green, William/0000-0003-2603-9694
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 107-IEC
BP U631
EP U631
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403018
ER
PT J
AU Matheu, D
Grenda, JM
Saeys, M
Green, WH
AF Matheu, D
Grenda, JM
Saeys, M
Green, WH
TI New, computer-discovered pathways for methane and ethane pyrolysis.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
State Univ Ghent, Petrochem Technol Lab, Ghent, Belgium.
MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM david.matheu@nist.gov
RI Green, William/C-9684-2012
OI Green, William/0000-0003-2603-9694
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 083-FUEL
BP U558
EP U558
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062402623
ER
PT J
AU Mei, Y
Kumar, A
Gao, W
Gross, RA
Kennedy, SB
Washburn, NR
Amis, EJ
AF Mei, Y
Kumar, A
Gao, W
Gross, RA
Kennedy, SB
Washburn, NR
Amis, EJ
TI Biocompatibility studies of sorbitol-containing polyesters. I.
Synthesis, surface analysis and cell response in vitro.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ying.mei@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 350-POLY
BP U408
EP U408
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502117
ER
PT J
AU Meier, DC
Taylor, CJ
Cavicchi, RE
Boger, Z
Semancik, S
AF Meier, DC
Taylor, CJ
Cavicchi, RE
Boger, Z
Semancik, S
TI Detection of trace chemical warfare agents using MEMS chemical sensors.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
EM dmeier@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 112-ANYL
BP U118
EP U118
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400501
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, T
Gu, XH
VanLandingham, M
Ryntz, R
Martin, JW
AF Nguyen, T
Gu, XH
VanLandingham, M
Ryntz, R
Martin, JW
TI Degradation mode of polymeric coatings - An AFM study.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Building & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Army Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.
Visteon Corp, Dearborn, MI USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Building Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 119-PMSE
BP U476
EP U476
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502455
ER
PT J
AU Pipino, ACR
AF Pipino, ACR
TI Novel chemical detection strategies for TCE and PCE.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.pipino@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 84-NUCL
BP U87
EP U87
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062500455
ER
PT J
AU Polk, BJ
Kasianowicz, JJ
Misakian, M
Gaitan, M
AF Polk, BJ
Kasianowicz, JJ
Misakian, M
Gaitan, M
TI Hybrid micromachined/electroplated solid-state nanopores for chemical
analysis.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brian.polk@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 113-ANYL
BP U118
EP U118
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400502
ER
PT J
AU Rafailovich, MH
Koga, T
Seo, YS
Mahajan, D
Sokolov, J
Satija, S
AF Rafailovich, MH
Koga, T
Seo, YS
Mahajan, D
Sokolov, J
Satija, S
TI Neutron reflectivity studies of the gasisolid/liquid interface.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NIST, Reactor Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM miriam.rafailovich@sunysb.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 173-FUEL
BP U572
EP U572
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062402712
ER
PT J
AU Reyes, DR
Perruccio, E
Becerra, SP
Locascio, L
Gaitan, M
AF Reyes, DR
Perruccio, E
Becerra, SP
Locascio, L
Gaitan, M
TI Micropatterning of antibodies on polyelectrolyte multilayer surfaces
within microfluidic networks.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, EEEL, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mol Spectrometry & Microfluid Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 068-ANYL
BP U111
EP U111
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400460
ER
PT J
AU Sakai, W
Tatsumi, Y
Ueyasu, A
Chiang, CK
Tsutsumi, A
AF Sakai, W
Tatsumi, Y
Ueyasu, A
Chiang, CK
Tsutsumi, A
TI Local thermal properties of multilayered polymer thin film.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan.
NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wsakai@ipc.kit.ac.jp
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 135-PMSE
BP U479
EP U479
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502471
ER
PT J
AU Sheiko, SS
Xu, H
Shirvaniants, D
Beers, KL
Matyjaszewski, K
AF Sheiko, SS
Xu, H
Shirvaniants, D
Beers, KL
Matyjaszewski, K
TI Molecular visualization: Kinematics and mass transport during spreading
of polymer drops.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM sergei@email.unc.edu; shir@email.unc.edu; km3b+@andrew.cmu.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 375-PHYS
BP U326
EP U326
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501659
ER
PT J
AU Smeureany, G
Drain, CM
Garno, JC
Batteas, JD
AF Smeureany, G
Drain, CM
Garno, JC
Batteas, JD
TI Surface organization of self-assembled porphyrin array with peripheral
alkyl chain.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA.
CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM GSmeureanu@gc.cuny.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 097-INOR
BP U687
EP U687
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403210
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, CM
Forster, AM
Harrison, C
Davis, CH
Amis, EJ
Karim, A
AF Stafford, CM
Forster, AM
Harrison, C
Davis, CH
Amis, EJ
Karim, A
TI High-throughput measurements of polymer adhesion and mechanical
properties.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM christopher.stafford@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 134-PMSE
BP U478
EP U479
PN 2
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502470
ER
PT J
AU Stein, SE
Heller, SR
Tchekhovskoi, DV
AF Stein, SE
Heller, SR
Tchekhovskoi, DV
TI Open standards for chemical information - The IUPAC chemical identifier
and data dictionary projects.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steve.stein@nist.gov
RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 082-CINF
BP U304
EP U304
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401400
ER
PT J
AU Stranick, S
AF Stranick, S
TI Development of nanoscale characterization tools for real world samples.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stranick@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 134-ANYL
BP U122
EP U122
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400523
ER
PT J
AU Tian, J
Seery, TAP
Ho, DL
Weiss, RA
AF Tian, J
Seery, TAP
Ho, DL
Weiss, RA
TI Small angle neutron scattering study of the microstructure of
hydrophobically modified alkyl acrylamide hydrogels.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jtian@engr.uconn.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 426-PMSE
BP U525
EP U525
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502760
ER
PT J
AU Trulove, PC
Awad, W
Gilman, JW
Davis, RD
Sutto, TE
Fox, DM
Maupin, PH
De Long, HC
AF Trulove, PC
Awad, W
Gilman, JW
Davis, RD
Sutto, TE
Fox, DM
Maupin, PH
De Long, HC
TI The application of trialkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids and salts to the
preparation of polymer clay nanocomposites.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA.
US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 089-IEC
BP U628
EP U628
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403000
ER
PT J
AU Turner, GM
Beard, MC
Schmuttenmaer, CA
AF Turner, GM
Beard, MC
Schmuttenmaer, CA
TI Conductivity in disordered solids: What can THz spectroscopy tell us?
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM gordon.turner@yale.edu; charles.schmuttenmaer@yale.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 142-PHYS
BP U291
EP U291
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501430
ER
PT J
AU Vilker, VL
AF Vilker, VL
TI The NIST biotechnology program.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vilker@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 011-PRES
BP U23
EP U23
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062400012
ER
PT J
AU Vogt, BD
Soles, CL
Lee, HJ
Lin, EK
Wu, WL
AF Vogt, BD
Soles, CL
Lee, HJ
Lin, EK
Wu, WL
TI Confinement effects on moisture absorption kinetics in polyelectrolyte
films.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 132-PMSE
BP U478
EP U478
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502468
ER
PT J
AU Vrettos, JS
Meuse, CW
AF Vrettos, JS
Meuse, CW
TI Determining protein structural stability by infrared-techniques.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.vrettos@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 401-PHYS
BP U330
EP U330
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501683
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CY
Prabhu, VM
Soles, CL
Vogt, BD
Wu, WL
Lin, EK
Satija, SK
AF Wang, CY
Prabhu, VM
Soles, CL
Vogt, BD
Wu, WL
Lin, EK
Satija, SK
TI Interdiffusion in polystyrene and end-functional polystyrene thin films
near a solid surface.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cywang@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 171-PMSE
BP U484
EP U485
PN 2
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502506
ER
PT J
AU Yan, XJ
Dong, Q
Frenkel, M
AF Yan, XJ
Dong, Q
Frenkel, M
TI Model selection strategy and uncertainty analysis for thermodynamic
properties of organic compounds.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM xjyan@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 103-CINF
BP U307
EP U307
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401421
ER
PT J
AU Yeston, JS
To, TT
Heimer, TA
Heilweil, EJ
Burkey, TJ
AF Yeston, JS
To, TT
Heimer, TA
Heilweil, EJ
Burkey, TJ
TI Photoinduced dynamics of CPMn(CO)(3) derivatives with pendant sulfides.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
EM jyeston@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 653-INOR
BP U775
EP U775
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062403762
ER
PT J
AU Yeston, JS
Windhorn, L
Witte, T
Proch, D
Motzkus, M
Fuss, W
Kompa, KL
Moore, CB
AF Yeston, JS
Windhorn, L
Witte, T
Proch, D
Motzkus, M
Fuss, W
Kompa, KL
Moore, CB
TI Ultrafast mid-Ir induced diazomethane dissociation.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM jyeston@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 300-PHYS
BP U314
EP U314
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062501586
ER
PT J
AU Young, SL
Martin, WC
Sansonetti, JE
AF Young, SL
Martin, WC
Sansonetti, JE
TI NIST's first data oriented eBook: Handbook of basic atomic spectroscopic
data.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Serv, Measurement Serv Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM shari.young@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 039-CINF
BP U298
EP U298
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JF
UT WOS:000187062401358
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, X
Briber, RM
Kashiwagi, T
Harris, RH
AF Zhang, X
Briber, RM
Kashiwagi, T
Harris, RH
TI Characterization of changes in the clay platelet distribution in
polyamide 6/Clay nanocomposites during combustion by TEM and x-ray
diffraction.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY SEP 07-11, 2003
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 226
MA 432-PMSE
BP U526
EP U526
PN 2
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 751JG
UT WOS:000187062502766
ER
PT J
AU Li, JP
Wang, JXL
AF Li, JP
Wang, JXL
TI A new North Atlantic Oscillation index and its variability
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index; interannual and decadal
variability; signal-to-noise ratio; seasonal phase lock
ID SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE;
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; HEMISPHERE; OCEAN; FREQUENCY;
TELECONNECTIONS; SEASONALITY
AB A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80degreesW-30degreesE. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20degrees-90degreesN, 80degreesW-30degreesE), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10degrees-25degreesN and 70degrees-30degreesW, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the Winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.
C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Li, JP (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016
NR 48
TC 86
Z9 111
U1 1
U2 12
PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 20
IS 5
BP 661
EP 676
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727QT
UT WOS:000185670500001
ER
PT J
AU Conny, JM
Klinedinst, DB
Wight, SA
Paulsen, JL
AF Conny, JM
Klinedinst, DB
Wight, SA
Paulsen, JL
TI Optimizing thermal-optical methods for measuring atmospheric elemental
(black) carbon: A response surface study
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; INTEGRATING SPHERE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION;
UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE
AB The chemical, physical, and morphological complexity of atmospheric aerosol elemental carbon (EC) presents major problems in assuring measurement accuracy. Since EC and black carbon are often considered equivalent, methods based on thermal-optical analysis (TOA) are widely used for EC in ambient air samples because no prior knowledge of the aerosol's absorption coefficient is required. Nevertheless, different TOA thermal desorption protocols result in wide EC-to-total-carbon (TC) variation. We created three response surfaces with the following response variables: EC/TC, maximum laser attenuation in the He phase (L-max), and laser attenuation at the end of the He phase (L-He4). A two-level central-composite factorial design comprised of four factors considered the temperatures and durations of all desorption steps in TOA's inert ( He) phase and the initial step in TOA's oxidizing (O-2-He) phase. L-max was used to assess the positive bias caused by nonvolatile unpyrolized organic carbon (OC char) being measured as native EC. A negative bias that the attenuated laser response does not detect is caused by the loss of native EC in the He phase. LHe4 was used as a surrogate indicator for the loss of native EC in the He phase. The intersection between the L-max and LHe4 surfaces revealed TOA conditions where both the production of OC char in the He phase was maximized and the loss of native EC in the He phase was minimized, therefore leading to an optimized thermal desorption protocol. Based on the sample types used in this study, the following are generalized optimal conditions when TOA is operated in the fixed-step-durations, laser-transmission mode (i.e., TOT): step 1 in He, 190degreesC for 60 s; step 2 in He, 365degreesC for 60 s; step 3 in He, 610degreesC for 60 s; step 4 in He, 835degreesC for 72 s. For steps 1-4 in O-2-He, the conditions are 550degreesC for 180 s, 700degreesC for 60 s, 850degreesC for 60 s, and 900degreesC for 90 s to 120 s, respectively.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Conny, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 36
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 37
IS 9
BP 703
EP 723
DI 10.1080/02786820390209662
PG 21
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 746YE
UT WOS:000186775700001
ER
PT J
AU Gruninger, M
Menzel, C
AF Gruninger, M
Menzel, C
TI The Process Specification Language (PSL) theory and applications
SO AI MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
AB The PROCESS SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE (PSL) has been designed to facilitate correct and complete exchange of process information among manufacturing systems, such as scheduling, process modeling, process planning, production planning, simulation, project management, work flow, and business-process reengineering. We give an overview of the theories within the PSL ontology, discuss some of the design principles for the ontology, and finish with examples of process specifications that are based on the ontology.
C1 Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Philosophy, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Gruninger, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NR 9
TC 76
Z9 76
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL
PI MENLO PK
PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA
SN 0738-4602
J9 AI MAG
JI AI Mag.
PD FAL
PY 2003
VL 24
IS 3
BP 63
EP 74
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA 727WV
UT WOS:000185684600006
ER
PT J
AU Dimeo, RM
AF Dimeo, RM
TI Visualization and measurement of quantum rotational dynamics
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BARRIER PENETRATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLID
NITROMETHANE; POTENTIAL WELLS; METHYL-GROUPS; PENDULUM; SPECTROSCOPY;
MECHANICS; MOTION
AB An introduction to quantum rotational tunneling and libration is presented with an emphasis on obtaining a qualitative understanding of this phenomenon through visualization of the dynamics, simple approximations, and measurements. The tunneling and librational dynamics of small molecular rotors are discussed using a very simple model of the rotational potential. Numerical calculations of the evolution of probability packets are carried out for the low-lying states and the connection is made between the quantum and classical librational dynamics. Finally, we present measurements of these quantum rotations using inelastic neutron scattering and show in particular how neutron scattering measurements of the ground state tunnel splitting and first librational transition can be used to characterize the magnitude and shape of the potential hindering the motion of the rotor. Some conceptual and computational problems are included that are suitable for undergraduate students. (C) 2003 American Association of Physics Teachers.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dimeo, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM robert.dimeo@nist.gov
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0002-9505
J9 AM J PHYS
JI Am. J. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 71
IS 9
BP 885
EP 893
DI 10.1119/1.1538575
PG 9
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Physics
GA 713BP
UT WOS:000184835700008
ER
PT J
AU Alfassi, ZB
Huie, RE
Milman, BL
Neta, P
AF Alfassi, ZB
Huie, RE
Milman, BL
Neta, P
TI Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of ionic liquids and
determination of their solubility in water
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ionic liquids; electrospray; mass spectrometry; solubility
ID SALTS; THYROXINE; SOLVENTS; SERUM
AB Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used to detect both the cations (C+) and the anions (A(-)) of ionic liquids (CA). In this study, the ionic liquids are diluted with aqueous methanol before injection. In addition to the main peaks of the parent ions, fragmentation products are observed upon increasing the cone voltage, whereas aggregates of the parent ion with one or more ionic liquid molecules (e.g., C(CA)(n)(+), A(CA)(n)(-)) are observed upon decreasing the cone voltage. The ions of several ionic liquids in a mixture are also detected and the ratios of their concentrations estimated. A method is developed to determine quantitatively the concentration of an ionic liquid in solution by using the cation and anion of another ionic liquid as internal standards. By using this method, the solubilities in water at room temperature (22+/-1 degreesC) of three typical hydrophobic ionic liquids have been determined: 0.70+/-0.08 g L-1 for methyltributylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MeBu3NNTf2), 6.0+/-0.5 g L-1 for butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BuMePyrNTf(2)), and 18.6+/-0.7 g L-1 for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6).
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010
NR 14
TC 89
Z9 91
U1 4
U2 31
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 377
IS 1
BP 159
EP 164
DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2033-8
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 723FZ
UT WOS:000185423200023
PM 12827339
ER
PT J
AU Savage, NO
Roberson, S
Gillen, G
Tarlov, MJ
Semancik, S
AF Savage, NO
Roberson, S
Gillen, G
Tarlov, MJ
Semancik, S
TI Thermolithographic patterning of sol-gel metal oxides on micro hot plate
sensing arrays using organosilanes
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; VAPOR SURFACE MODIFICATION; ELECTRONIC NOSE;
POROUS-GLASS; SENSOR ARRAY; THIN-FILM; DEPOSITION; SILANES; GROWTH;
RESISTANCE
AB Sol-gel-derived SnO2 and Fe2O3 were selectively deposited on elements of micro hot plate (muHP) arrays. The silicon micromachined muHP arrays contain heating elements (100 mum x 100 mum) that are electronically addressable and thermally isolated from each other. Thin films of (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane (TFS) or hexyltrichlorosilane (HFS) assembled on surfaces of the arrays served as thermally sensitive resists whereby heating of specific muHPs resulted in removal of organosilane films only in heated areas. TFS-masked surfaces were characterized with condensation figures and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging. TFS was removed from regions heated above 400degreesC to expose hydrophilic surfaces, while TFS films in unheated areas were unaffected and remained hydrophobic. Sol-gel tin oxide spin-coated on the thermally patterned arrays adhered only to the hydrophilic regions and was repelled from the hydrophobic areas masked by the TFS films. By using HFS films, it was possible to selectively deposit two sol-gel materials, SnO2 and Fe2O3, on different muHPs in the same array as confirmed by SIMS imaging. Both materials showed varying degrees of electrical response to hydrogen and methanol in gas-sensing measurements.
C1 NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Surface & Microanalysis Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Semancik, S (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 37
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD SEP 1
PY 2003
VL 75
IS 17
BP 4360
EP 4367
DI 10.1021/ac0301797
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 719FE
UT WOS:000185192300010
PM 14632037
ER
PT J
AU Satterfield, MB
Sniegoski, LT
Welch, MJ
Nelson, BC
Pfeiffer, CM
AF Satterfield, MB
Sniegoski, LT
Welch, MJ
Nelson, BC
Pfeiffer, CM
TI Comparison of isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods for the
determination of total homocysteine in plasma and serum
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; METHYLMALONIC ACID; RISK FACTOR; DISEASE;
ASSAY; IMMUNOASSAY; HOMOCYST(E)INE; LABORATORIES
AB Two independent methods have been critically evaluated and applied to the measurement of total homocysteine in serum and plasma: solid-phase anion extraction (SPAS) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and protein precipitation liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In addition, analysis of samples prepared by SPAS was accomplished by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS. These methods have been used to determine total homocysteine levels in several existing serum-based Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in patient plasma samples provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The precision of the homocysteine measurements in serum and plasma was critically evaluated, and method comparisons were carried out using Bland-Altman plots and bias analysis. On the basis of the excellent precision and close agreement of the mass spectrometric (MS) methods, the MS-based methods will be used for certification of a serum-based SRM for homocysteine and folates.
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Satterfield, MB (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 41
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD SEP 1
PY 2003
VL 75
IS 17
BP 4631
EP 4638
DI 10.1021/ac034207x
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 719FE
UT WOS:000185192300047
PM 14632074
ER
PT J
AU Martins, CA
Alvito, P
Tavares, MJ
Pereira, P
Doucette, G
Franca, S
AF Martins, CA
Alvito, P
Tavares, MJ
Pereira, P
Doucette, G
Franca, S
TI Reevaluation of production of paralytic shellfish toxin by bacteria
associated with dinoflagellates of the Portuguese coast
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CULTURE; ALEXANDRIUM
AB Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by certain dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial species. The autonomous production of PSTs by bacteria remains controversial. In this study, PST production by two bacterial strains, isolated previously from toxic dinoflagellates, was evaluated using biological and analytical methods. Analyses were performed under conditions determined previously to be optimal for toxin production and detection. Our data are inconsistent with autonomous bacterial PST production under these conditions, thereby challenging previous findings for the same strains.
C1 Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lab Microbiol & Ecotoxicol, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal.
Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Martins, CA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lab Microbiol & Ecotoxicol, Av Padre Cruz, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal.
EM lme.cqh@insa.min-saude.pt
OI Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-4819-2112
NR 22
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 69
IS 9
BP 5693
EP 5698
DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5693-5698.2003
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 723MW
UT WOS:000185437000081
PM 12957964
ER
PT J
AU Vest, RE
Grantham, S
AF Vest, RE
Grantham, S
TI Response of a silicon photodiode to pulsed radiation
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; CALIBRATIONS; REGION
AB Both the integrated-charge and the peak-voltage responsivity of a 1-cm(2) Si photodiode optimized for the extreme ultraviolet have been measured with 532-nm-wavelength pulsed radiation. The peak power of the optical pulse is varied from 35 mW to 24 kW with a pulse width of 8.25 ns. A decrease in responsivity is observed with increasing pulse energy, and a model is presented that accounts for the observed loss of responsivity. The integrated-charge responsivity decreases because the presence of photogenerated majority carriers increases the direct recombination rate. The peak-voltage responsivity is reduced because the electric susceptibility of the electrons and holes in the depletion region increases the capacitance of the device. The influence of an applied reverse bias on both responsivities is investigated. The integrated-charge responsivity is found to be identical, with a 1% uncertainty, to the cw responsivity of the device if the energy dependence is considered. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vest, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rvest@nist.gov
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 1
PY 2003
VL 42
IS 25
BP 5054
EP 5063
DI 10.1364/AO.42.005054
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 715GQ
UT WOS:000184963200008
PM 12962381
ER
PT J
AU Corwin, KL
Newbury, NR
Dudley, JM
Coen, S
Diddams, SA
Washburn, BR
Weber, K
Windeler, RS
AF Corwin, KL
Newbury, NR
Dudley, JM
Coen, S
Diddams, SA
Washburn, BR
Weber, K
Windeler, RS
TI Fundamental amplitude noise limitations to supercontinuum spectra
generated in a microstructured fiber
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBER; CONTINUUM
GENERATION; PROPAGATION; PULSES; LASER
AB Broadband supercontinuum spectra are generated in a microstructured fiber using femtosecond laser pulses. Noise properties of these spectra are studied through experiments and numerical simulations based on a generalized stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In particular, the relative intensity noise as a function of wavelength across the supercontinuum is measured over a wide range of input pulse parameters, and experimental results and simulations are shown to be in good quantitative agreement. For certain input pulse parameters, amplitude fluctuations as large as 50% are observed. The simulations clarify that the intensity noise on the supercontinuum arises from the amplification of two noise inputs during propagation - quantum-limited shot noise on the input pulse, and spontaneous Raman scattering in the fiber. The amplification factor is a sensitive function of the input pulse parameters. Short input pulses are critical for the generation of very broad supercontinua with low noise.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Franche Comte, Lab Opt PM Duffieux, F-25030 Besancon, France.
Free Univ Brussels, Serv Opt & Acoust, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Corwin, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Coen, Stephane/C-9030-2009; Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013; Corwin,
Kristan/A-1331-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Dudley, John
/D-3222-2011;
OI Coen, Stephane/0000-0001-5605-5906; Dudley, John /0000-0001-9520-9699;
Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139
NR 36
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 77
IS 2-3
BP 269
EP 277
DI 10.1007/s00340-003-1175-x
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 731QK
UT WOS:000185897800018
ER
PT J
AU Ames, JN
Ghosh, S
Windeler, RS
Gaeta, AL
Cundiff, ST
AF Ames, JN
Ghosh, S
Windeler, RS
Gaeta, AL
Cundiff, ST
TI Excess noise generation during spectral broadening in a microstructured
fiber
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; LOCKED FEMTOSECOND LASER; SUPERCONTINUUM
GENERATION; CONTINUUM GENERATION; PHASE-CONTROL; CLOCK; PULSES; COMB; NM
AB We observe that nanojoule femtosecond pulses that are spectrally broadened in a microstructured fiber acquire excess noise. The excess noise is manifested as an increase in the noise floor of the rf spectrum of the photocurrent from a photodetector illuminated by the pulse train from the laser oscillator. Measurements are made of the intensity dependence of the excess noise for both 100 fs and sub- 10 A pulses. The excess noise is very strong for 100 fs pulses, but barely measurable for sub- 10 fs pulses. A rigorous quantum treatment of the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses predicts that, for a fixed generated bandwidth, the amount of excess noise decreases with pulse duration, in agreement with the experimental results.
C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
OFS Fitel Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 26
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0946-2171
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 77
IS 2-3
BP 279
EP 284
DI 10.1007/s00340-003-1177-8
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 731QK
UT WOS:000185897800019
ER
PT J
AU Chong, Y
Dresselhaus, PD
Benz, SP
AF Chong, Y
Dresselhaus, PD
Benz, SP
TI Thermal transport in stacked superconductor-normal metal-superconductor
Josephson junctions
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE STANDARD; ARRAYS
AB Nb/MoSi2/Nb stacked superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions has proven to be a good candidate for high-density series arrays for Josephson voltage-standard applications. As the junction density increases, self-heating becomes an issue because the high power density per junction (1 W/cm(2)) generates significant power dissipation under typical operating conditions. In this letter, we analyze the heating effect of these sandwich-type SNS junctions using a model to quantitatively estimate and predict thermal-transport properties of the stacked structures. We describe several strategies that reduce heating and demonstrate improved properties of stacked-junction arrays with enhanced cooling capacity.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Chong, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 13
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 2003
VL 83
IS 9
BP 1794
EP 1796
DI 10.1063/1.1606491
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 715VB
UT WOS:000184992000036
ER
PT J
AU Crotwell, AM
Moore, WS
AF Crotwell, AM
Moore, WS
TI Nutrient and radium fluxes from submarine groundwater discharge to Port
Royal Sound, South Carolina
SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Subterranean Coastal Environments - Biogeochemical
Processes, Fluxes and Impacts
CY MAY, 2001
CL Hanse Inst Adv Study, Delmenhorst, GERMANY
HO Hanse Inst Adv Study
DE submarine groundwater discharge; radium; nutrients; Port Royal Sound;
Upper Floridan Aquifer
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; SEA-WATER; RA-226; ESTUARY; SEDIMENTS;
RIVER; INPUT
AB Water exchange between the coastal ocean and underlying aquifers provides a newly-recognized source of materials to the ocean. The flux of materials into the ocean from this process is termed submarine groundwater discharge ( SGD). Both surficial and semi-confined aquifers contribute to SGD. Here we use Ra-226 and Ra-228 to quantify fluxes of SGD to Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, and to separate fluxes from the Upper Floridan (UFA) and surficial aquifers. Higher activity ratios of Ra-228/Ra-226 in the surficial aquifer make this separation possible. We estimate total SGD fluxes of about 100 m(3) s(-1) with about 80% being derived from the surficial aquifer. The SGD flux provides about 1.8 x 10(6) mol d(-1) of NH4 with almost 90% from the surficial aquifer. Because of strong differences in the concentration of PO4 within the UFA, PO4 fluxes are less certain. Using the UFA wells with low PO4 concentrations yields a flux of 1.2 x 10(5) mol d(-1); using wells with high concentrations yields a flux of 2.0 x 10(5) mol d(-1). In the first case virtually all of the PO4 flux is from the surficial aquifer; in the second case, 40% is from the UFA.
The UFA in this region has experienced dramatic changes as a result of withdrawals for human use. Prior to these withdrawals, total nutrient fluxes from the UFA may have been even larger. These changes in the UFA and similar coastal aquifers worldwide have the potential to significantly alter a major nutrient source for the coastal ocean.
C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Crotwell, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RI Moore, Willard/B-6096-2016
OI Moore, Willard/0000-0001-5930-5325
NR 36
TC 37
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 8
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1380-6165
J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM
JI Aquat. Geochem.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 9
IS 3
BP 191
EP 208
DI 10.1023/B:AQUA.0000022954.89019.c9
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 809YF
UT WOS:000220671300003
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JB
Basolo, AL
AF Johnson, JB
Basolo, AL
TI Predator exposure alters female mate choice in the green swordtail
SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behavioral modulation; female choice; predation; receiver bias; sexual
ornament; sexual selection; swordtails; video playback experiments
ID GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; SEXUALLY SELECTED TRAITS;
XIPHOPHORUS-HELLERI; DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; VIDEO PLAYBACKS; RECEIVER BIASES;
PREFERENCE; RISK; SELECTION; FISH
AB Female green swordtails, Xiphophorus helleri, show a mating preference for males with brightly colored, elongated swords. This preference is thought to be due to a preexisting receiver bias favoring longer sworded males. In this study, we examined variation in the expression of this sword bias in females. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that an increase in perceived predation risk will decrease female response to males with longer swords. We used a video playback experiment to evaluate female choice between two recordings of a displaying male that differed only in sword length. We scored responses of females to these recordings immediately before and after they had been exposed to a video recording of a predation event between a cichlid and a male possessing a long sword. We found that prior to exposure to this predation event, females preferred the male with the longer sword. However, after exposure to the predator, females altered their mating response, preferring the male with the sword removed. Exposure to the predator also caused an increase in the frequency with which females moved from potential mating positions to a neutral zone. The results presented here suggest that the female preference for males with longer swords can be modulated based on the perceived risk of predation.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 51
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 35
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1045-2249
J9 BEHAV ECOL
JI Behav. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 14
IS 5
BP 619
EP 625
DI 10.1093/beheco/arg046
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 726JU
UT WOS:000185596600005
ER
PT J
AU Starr, FW
Angell, CA
La Nave, E
Sastry, S
Scala, A
Sciortino, F
Stanley, HE
AF Starr, FW
Angell, CA
La Nave, E
Sastry, S
Scala, A
Sciortino, F
Stanley, HE
TI Recent results on the connection between thermodynamics and dynamics in
supercooled water
SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fragile; experimentally; hypothesis; thermodynamics
ID LIQUID PHASE-TRANSITION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SINGULARITY-FREE
INTERPRETATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY;
CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; CRITICAL-POINT; SLOW
DYNAMICS; 150 K
AB We review recent results on the connection between thermodynamics and dynamics in a model for water. We verify the Adam-Gibbs relation between entropy and dynamic properties using computer simulations, which allow direct access to the relevant properties. We combine experimental measurements of entropy with the Adam-Gibbs hypothesis to predict dynamic properties in deeply supercooled states, which are difficult to access experimentally. We find evidence suggesting that the glass transition temperature of water may be significantly higher than previously reported, but is still consistent with recent measurements. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis that the dynamical behavior of deeply supercooled water undergoes a crossover from 'fragile' to 'strong' behavior. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.
C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Starr, FW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8500, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012; Scala,
Antonio/A-2098-2012;
OI Scala, Antonio/0000-0002-3414-2686; Stanley, H./0000-0003-2800-4495
NR 87
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-4622
J9 BIOPHYS CHEM
JI Biophys. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 105
IS 2-3
BP 573
EP 583
DI 10.1016/S0301-4622(03)00067-X
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry
GA 725LV
UT WOS:000185545400038
PM 14499919
ER
PT J
AU Weiss, T
Siegesmund, S
Fuller, ER
AF Weiss, T
Siegesmund, S
Fuller, ER
TI Thermal degradation of marble: indications from finite-element modelling
SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual meeting of the Stone-Weathering-and-Air-Pollution-Network
(Swapnet)
CY APR 12-15, 2002
CL OXFORD, ENGLAND
SP Stone Weather Air pollut Net
DE marble; microcracks; finite-element modelling; thermal degradation;
granular decohesion; thermal expansion anisotropy; residual stresses
ID GRAIN-SIZE; EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; BRITTLE MATERIALS; MICROCRACKING;
MICROFRACTURE; SOLIDS
AB Microstructure-based finite-element simulations were used to study the thermo-mechanical behaviour of calcite marbles. Given the same nucrostructure, a strongly textured marble had smaller thermal stresses, smaller elastic strain energy and a distinct directional dependence of thermal degradation compared to a weakly textured marble. This result of modelling coincides with observations from thermal expansion experiments. Different boundary conditions assumed in the model calculations have an important influence on the magnitude and pattern of thermally induced microcracks. Microstructure-based finite element simulations are considered an excellent tool for elucidating influences of the rock's fabric on the thermal degradation of marbles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Weiss, T (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, Goldschmidtstr 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
NR 28
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-1323
J9 BUILD ENVIRON
JI Build. Environ.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2003
VL 38
IS 9-10
BP 1251
EP 1260
DI 10.1016/S0360-1323(03)00082-9
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental;
Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 710FV
UT WOS:000184670900018
ER
PT J
AU Volz, DC
Wirth, EF
Fulton, MH
Scott, GI
Strozier, E
Block, DS
Ferry, JL
Walse, SS
Chandler, GT
AF Volz, DC
Wirth, EF
Fulton, MH
Scott, GI
Strozier, E
Block, DS
Ferry, JL
Walse, SS
Chandler, GT
TI Effects of fipronil and chlorpyrifos on endocrine-related endpoints in
female grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)
SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY
C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Wirth, EF (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RI Ferry, John/G-8646-2013;
OI Ferry, John/0000-0002-1420-8406
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0007-4861
J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 71
IS 3
BP 497
EP 503
DI 10.1007/s00128-003-8920-z
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 712PX
UT WOS:000184807000009
PM 14567575
ER
PT J
AU Wei, E
AF Wei, E
TI The new Port of New York and New Jersey Operational Forecast System
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20832 USA.
RP Wei, E (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, 1315 EW Highway,N-CS13, Silver Spring, MD 20832 USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 9
BP 1184
EP 1186
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-9-1184
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 726VB
UT WOS:000185620900020
ER
PT J
AU Franklin, JL
McAdie, CJ
Lawrence, MB
AF Franklin, JL
McAdie, CJ
Lawrence, MB
TI Trends in track forecasting for tropical cyclones threatening the United
States, 1970-2001
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC BASIN; MODELS
AB Previous studies have identified statistically significant long-term improvements in forecasts issued by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for Atlantic basin tropical cyclones. Recently, however, attention has been focused on the forecast accuracy of landfall location and timing, and the long-term improvement trends for this relatively small sample of forecasts were mixed. These results may lead some to conclude that the accuracy of NHC forecasts close to the United States has not improved over time.
A statistically robust dataset can be obtained by considering "landfall-threatening" storms, defined as one for which tropical cyclone watches or warnings are in effect for some portion of the continental United States. In this study, long-term trends in accuracy are determined for NHC forecasts issued during these periods of threat and compared to trends for the Atlantic basin overall. A second set of trends are determined for forecasts verifying during the periods of threat.
The analysis shows that NHC forecasts for land-threatening tropical cyclones are improving. These improvement trends are statistically significant, although the improvement rates for the land-threatening storms are smaller than those for the basin overall. Over the period 19702001, forecasts issued during the watch/warning stage improved at annual average rates of 0.7%, 1.6%, and 1.9% at 24,48, and 72 h, respectively.
C1 NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
RP Franklin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
NR 9
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 84
IS 9
BP 1197
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-9-1197
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 726VB
UT WOS:000185620900021
ER
PT J
AU Watters, GM
Olson, RJ
Francis, RC
Fiedler, PC
Polovina, JJ
Reilly, SB
Aydin, KY
Boggs, CH
Essington, TE
Walters, CJ
Kitchell, JF
AF Watters, GM
Olson, RJ
Francis, RC
Fiedler, PC
Polovina, JJ
Reilly, SB
Aydin, KY
Boggs, CH
Essington, TE
Walters, CJ
Kitchell, JF
TI Physical forcing and the dynamics of the pelagic ecosystem in the
eastern tropical Pacific: simulations with ENSO-scale and global-warming
climate drivers
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CENTER COUPLED
MODEL; EL-NINO; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TUNA;
DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We used a model of the pelagic ecosystem in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean to explore how climate variation at El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) scales might affect animals at middle and upper trophic levels. We developed two physical-forcing scenarios: (1) physical effects on phytoplankton biomass and (2) simultaneous physical effects on phytoplankton biomass and predator recruitment. We simulated the effects of climate-anomaly pulses, climate cycles, and global warming. Pulses caused oscillations to propagate through the ecosystem; cycles affected the shapes of these oscillations; and warming caused trends. We concluded that biomass trajectories of single populations at middle and upper trophic levels cannot be used to detect bottom-up effects, that direct physical effects on predator recruitment can be the dominant source of interannual variability in pelagic ecosystems, that such direct effects may dampen top-down control by fisheries, and that predictions about the effects of climate change may be misleading if fishing mortality is not considered. Predictions from ecosystem models are sensitive to the relative strengths of indirect and direct physical effects on middle and upper trophic levels.
C1 Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC 6VT 124, Canada.
RP Watters, GM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012
NR 37
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 2
U2 27
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2003
VL 60
IS 9
BP 1161
EP 1175
DI 10.1139/F03-100
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 739VJ
UT WOS:000186366900012
ER
PT J
AU Reed, RK
AF Reed, RK
TI A surface heat flux climatology over a region of the eastern Bering Sea
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; heat budget; air-sea heat exchange; weak circulation;
interannual changes
ID NORTH PACIFIC; SENSIBLE HEAT; SHELF; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; RADIATION
AB The eastern Bering Sea shelf is a vast area with weak net circulation. As a result, heat exchange with the atmosphere mainly accounts for changes in heat content of the water column. This region also has marked changes in atmospheric and water properties: for example, winds are light in summer but are relatively strong in winter; air temperatures are 10degreesC or more in summer but are below freezing in winter; and sea surface temperatures vary from similar to10degreesC to 1degreesC.
A 29 year time series of cloud cover, relative humidity, wind speed, and air temperature was derived from observations made at St. Paul Island (Pribilof Islands) in the eastern Bering Sea. A time series of sea surface temperature near St. Paul Island was also obtained. Cloud cover during 1965-1994 did not undergo significant changes; relative humidity decreased by a barely significant 3%. Mean wind speed during 1965-1979 was 7.2 m s(-1) compared with 6.5 m s(-1) during 1980-1994. Air temperature during 1965-1976 was 1.3degreesC cooler than during 1977-1994. The mean annual sea surface temperature maximum increased from 8.7degreesC during 1965-1976 to 9.3degreesC during 1977-1994.
The seasonal cycles of cloud cover, relative humidity, wind speed, air temperature, and sea surface temperature were then derived from these data and used to calculate the mean monthly and the mean annual surface heat fluxes. Insolation was the dominant flux, followed by latent heat, sensible heat, and net longwave radiation. All of these fluxes have marked seasonal variation. There is a net annual imbalance of 20W m(-2), which is not statistically significant. It could, however, be compensated by weak heat advection from the northward moving currents in the area. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Reed, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2003
VL 23
IS 14-15
BP 1255
EP 1263
DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00128-6
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 732LR
UT WOS:000185948000002
ER
PT J
AU Darrow, BP
Walsh, JJ
Vargo, GA
Masserini, RT
Fanning, KA
Zhang, JZ
AF Darrow, BP
Walsh, JJ
Vargo, GA
Masserini, RT
Fanning, KA
Zhang, JZ
TI A simulation study of the growth of benthic microalgae following the
decline of a surface phytoplankton bloom
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE phytobenthos; algal blooms; marine ecology; biogeochemical cycle;
modelling; Gulf of Mexico; West Florida shelf
ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS;
CONTINUOUS-FLOW; NUTRIENT FLUX; DIATOM SILICA; UPPER OCEAN
AB The West Florida continental shelf is an oligotrophic system for most of the year. An episodic chlorophyll plume has previously been observed in satellite imagery on the northern portion of the shelf during the spring months. The fate of the plume upon its decline in the late spring and early summer is unknown. Decreased chlorophyll levels and sustained nutrient stocks may be explained by sediment/water-column interactions, including the presence of benthic microalgae. A one-dimensional model, consisting of 16 state variables, is constructed to simulate the decline of a surface chlorophyll bloom in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico as measured during the Florida Shelf Lagrangian Experiment (FSLE). Results from a baseline simulation of two FSLE studies suggest that remineralized nutrients from the declining bloom are taken up by heterotrophic bacteria in the water-column and by benthic microalgae in the sediments. Perturbation experiments imply that low light levels, due to increased CDOM, do not have significant effects on the benthic microfloral community at mid-shelf locations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Darrow, BP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM bdarrow@seas.marine.usf.edu
RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008
OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556
NR 55
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2003
VL 23
IS 14-15
BP 1265
EP 1283
DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00130-4
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 732LR
UT WOS:000185948000003
ER
EF