FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Blaauw, M Unterweger, MP AF Lindstrom, RM Blaauw, M Unterweger, MP TI The half-lives of Na-24, K-42, and Au-198 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; PARAMETERS; PRECISION; LIFE AB This work provides a systematic experimental approach to the demonstration of viability of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in chemical metrology. The practical approach was derived from a complete survey of uncertainty components that affect the INAA measurement process. These uncertainty components were classified by their magnitude and origin and subsequently minimized by appropriate steps in the INAA process. The process was tested with the INAA determination of Cr in SRM 1152A stainless steel; the Cr value is certified at 17.76percnt; with an estimated uncertainty of 0.04percnt; (0.23percnt; relative). The INAA results from this procedure are in agreement with these specifications. Similar procedures have been applied to INAA multi-element determinations in a high temperature alloy. Agreement with available consensus values was demonstrated in the alloy. The guidelines on the determination of uncertainty were fully met, providing through INAA a valuable independent non-destructive tool in chemical measurements of metrological value such as required in the CCQM key comparisons. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Richard.Lindstrom@NIST.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0055-8 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500008 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Lindstrom, RM Greenberg, RR AF Zeisler, R Lindstrom, RM Greenberg, RR TI Instrumental neutron activation analysis: A valuable link in chemical metrology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The exact probability density function for paired counting can be expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions of integral order when the expected blank count is known. Exact decision levels and detection limits can be computed in a straightforward manner. For many applications perturbing half-integer corrections to Gaussian distributions yields satisfactory results for decision levels. When there is concern about the uncertainty for the expected value of the blank count, a way to bound the errors of both types using confidence intervals for the expected blank count is discussed. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Rolf.Zeisler@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0056-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500009 ER PT J AU Selvig, LK Inn, GW Outola, IMJ Kurosaki, H Lee, KA AF Selvig, LK Inn, GW Outola, IMJ Kurosaki, H Lee, KA TI Dissolution of resistate minerals containing uranium and thorium: Environmental implications SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Minerals in the soil range from those that easily weather to those that are very resistant to the weathering processes. The minerals used in this study are referred to as "resistates" because of their resistance to natural weathering processes.(1) It is also known that there are some resistate minerals that have a tendency to contain uranium and thorium within their crystal structure. These resistates can contain as much as 15-20% of the total uranium and thorium present in the soil.(9) Do resistates dissolve in acids, particularly in the HF/HNO3 procedures, if not what can be done to the HF/HNO3 process to dissolve more of the resistate minerals? How would these acid techniques compare to the fusion method used for mineral dissolution? Could the resistate minerals contain considerable amount of uranium and thorium? These were the questions addressed in this research. The comparative data indicate that the use of H2SO4 in the dissolution process resulted in similar to25% overall increase in the minerals dissolving therefore resulting in a higher yield of extracted uranium and thorium. C1 NIST, Dept Phys, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Centennial High Sch, Boise, ID 83713 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Selvig, LK (reprint author), NIST, Dept Phys, Ionizing Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462-245, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lselvig@mindspring.com NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0060-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500013 ER PT J AU Currie, LA Kessler, JD Fletcher, RA Dibb, JE AF Currie, LA Kessler, JD Fletcher, RA Dibb, JE TI Long range transport of biomass aerosol to Greenland: Multi-spectroscopic investigation of particles deposited in the snow SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIESEL EXHAUST; CARBON; SUMMIT AB Recent developments in radiometrics and mass spectrometry techniques for ultra-sensitive analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment are reviewed. In the radiometrics sector the dominant development has been the utilization of large HPGe detectors in underground laboratories with anti-cosmic or anti-Compton shielding for the analysis of short and medium-lived radionuclides in the environment. In the mass spectrometry sector, applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for the analysis of long-lived radionuclides in the environment are the most important recent achievements. The recent developments do not only considerably decrease the detection limits for several radionuclides (up to several orders of magnitude), but they also enable to decrease sample volumes so that sampling, e.g., of the water column can be much easier and more effective. A comparison of radiometrics and mass spectrometry results for the analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment shows a reasonable agreement - within quoted uncertainties, for wide range of activities and different sample matrices analyzed. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lloyd.currie@nist.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0069-2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500022 ER PT J AU McCurdy, D Lin, Z Inn, KGW Bell, R Wagner, S Efurd, DW Steiner, R Duffy, C Hamilton, TF Brown, TA Marchetti, AA AF McCurdy, D Lin, Z Inn, KGW Bell, R Wagner, S Efurd, DW Steiner, R Duffy, C Hamilton, TF Brown, TA Marchetti, AA TI Second interlaboratory comparison study for the analysis of Pu-239 in synthetic urine at the mu Bq (similar to 100 aCi) level by mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIMITS AB As a follow up to the initial 1998 intercomparison study, a second study was initiated in 2001 as part of the ongoing evaluation of the capabilities of various ultra-sensitive methods to analyze Pu-239 in urine samples. The initial study(1) was sponsored by the Department of Energy, Office of International Health Programs to evaluate and validate new technologies that may supersede the existing fission tract analysis (FTA) method for the analysis of Pu-239 in urine at the muBq/l level. The ultra-sensitive techniques evaluated in the second study included accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) by LLNL, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) by LANL and FTA by the University of Utah. Only the results for the mass spectrometric methods will be presented. For the second study, the testing levels were approximately 4, 9, 29 and 56 muBq of Pu-239 per liter of synthetic urine. Each test sample also contained Pu-240 at a Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio of similar to0.15 and natural uranium at a concentration of 50 muBq/ml. From the results of the two studies, it can be inferred that the best performance at the muBq level is more laboratory specific than method specific. The second study demonstrated that LANL-TIMS and LLNL-AMS had essentially the same quantification level for both isotopes. Study results for bias and precision and acceptable performance compared to ANSI N13.30 and ANSI N42.22 have been compiled. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Int Hlth Program Off, Germantown, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP McCurdy, D (reprint author), 491 Howard St, Northborough, MA USA. EM demccurdy@aol.com NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 2 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0075-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 899OQ UT WOS:000227154500028 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ Lin, JJ AF Lin, HJ Lin, JJ TI Strength evaluation of a composite marine. propeller blade SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE composites; strength; stacking sequence; propeller blade; nonlinear hydroelastic ID ELEMENT; FAILURE AB The strength of a composite propeller blade is evaluated by performing a nonlinear hydroelastic analysis. The finite element method, lifting surface theory, least square method, equilibrium equation, and Hashin failure criteria are employed for the structural analysis, fluid analysis, stress smoothing, three-dimensional stress calculation, and strength assessment, respectively. Additionally, the strength of the blades with balanced and unbalanced stacking sequences are evaluated and discussed. Five failure modes, fiber tension and compression, matrix tension and compression, and delamination are considered. The strength is shown to be insufficient for the blades with [... /-45(2)/90/0](s). Meanwhile, the blades with [... /theta(2)/90/0](s) and [... /-15/15/90/0](s) are shown to have sufficient structural strength. However, attention shall be paid to the delamination failure at the leading and trailing edges of the blade. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, HJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, 73,Chou Shan Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. EM hjlin@ntu.edu.tw NR 20 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 17 BP 1791 EP 1807 DI 10.1177/0731684405052199 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 984WJ UT WOS:000233337800002 ER PT J AU Steiner, R Newell, D Williams, E AF Steiner, R Newell, D Williams, E TI Details of the 1998 watt balance experiment determining the Planck constant SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute watt measurement; electronic kilogram; electronic watt determination; fundamental physical constants; Planck constant; SI power measurement; SI watt unit; watt balance ID ACCURACY; UNITS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) watt balance experiment completed a determination of Planck constant in 1998 with a relative standard uncertainty of 87 x 10(-9) ( k = 1), concurrently with an upper limit on the drift rate of the SI kilogram mass standard. A number of other fundamental physical constants with uncertainties dominated by this result are also calculated. This paper focuses on the details of the balance apparatus, the measurement and control procedures, and the reference calibrations. The alignment procedures are also described, as is a novel mutual inductance measurement procedure. The analysis summary discusses the data noise sources and estimates for the Type B uncertainty contributions to the uncertainty budget. Much of this detail, some historical progression, and a few recent findings have not been included in previous papers reporting the results of this experiment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.steiner@nist.gov; david.newell@nist.gov; edwin.williams@nist.gov NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.6028/jres.110.003 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 906CZ UT WOS:000227619400001 PM 27308100 ER PT J AU Mulholland, GW AF Mulholland, GW TI Re-analysis of the uncertainty of the 0.895 mu m diameter (NIST SRM (R) 1690) and the 0.269 mu m diameter (NIST SRM (R) 1691) sphere standards SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light scattering; Mie Scattering; polystyrene spheres; Standard Reference Materials; transmission electron microscopy; uncertainty analysis AB The uncertainties of the mean diameters of the nominal 1.0 mu m SRM(R) 1690 polystyrene spheres and of the nominal 0.3 mu m SRM(R) 1691 polystyrene spheres are recomputed using the current NIST Guidelines for computing uncertainty. The revised expanded uncertainty ( approximately 95% confidence level) for SRM(R) 1690 polystyrene spheres is equal to 0.005 mu m compared to previous value of 0.008 mu m. The revised expanded uncertainty for SRM(R) 1691 is equal to 0.004 mu m compared to the previous value of 0.007 mu m. The major cause of the reduction in the uncertainty for the 1.0 mu m spheres is from a decrease in the recomputed uncertainty of the refractive index of the polystyrene spheres. The 1.0 mu m spheres were used in calibrating the electron microscope used to size the 0.3 mu m spheres, and the reduction in the uncertainty of 1.0 mu m SRM(R) uncertainty was the biggest factor in the decrease in the uncertainty of the 0.3 mu m spheres. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM g.mulholland@nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.6028/jres.110.004 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 906CZ UT WOS:000227619400002 PM 27308101 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Mulholland, GW Kukuck, SR Pui, DYH AF Kim, JH Mulholland, GW Kukuck, SR Pui, DYH TI Slip correction measurements of certified PSL nanoparticles using a nanometer differential mobility analyzer (nano-DMA) for Knudsen number from 0.5 to 83 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrospray; Knudsen number; NMDA; polystyrene latex particles; slip correction factor ID OIL-DROP METHOD; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; LOW-PRESSURES; LAW; GENERATION; MOTION; FALL; NM AB The slip correction factor has been investigated at reduced pressures and high Knudsen number using polystyrene latex (PSL) particles. Nano-differential mobility analyzers ( NDMA) were used in determining the slip correction factor by measuring the electrical mobility of 100.7 nm, 269 nm, and 19.90 nm particles as a function of pressure. The aerosol was generated via electrospray to avoid multiplets for the 19.90 nm particles and to reduce the contaminant residue on the particle surface. System pressure was varied down to 8.27 kPa, enabling slip correction measurements for Knudsen numbers as large as 83. A condensation particle counter was modified for low pressure application. The slip correction factor obtained for the three particle sizes is fitted well by the equation: C = 1 + Kn (alpha + beta exp( -gamma/Kn)), with alpha = 1.165, beta = 0.483, and gamma = 0.997. The first quantitative uncertainty analysis for slip correction measurements was carried out. The expanded relative uncertainty (95% confidence interval) in measuring slip correction factor was about 2% for the 100.7 nm SRM particles, about 3% for the 19.90 nm PSL particles, and about 2.5% for the 269 nm SRM particles. The major sources of uncertainty are the diameter of particles, the geometric constant associated with NDMA, and the voltage. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Particle Technol Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Particle Technol Lab, 111 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gmulholland@nist.gov NR 31 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 22 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.6028/jres.110.005 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 906CZ UT WOS:000227619400003 PM 27308102 ER PT J AU Amziane, S Ferraris, CF Koehler, EP AF Amziane, S Ferraris, CF Koehler, EP TI Measurement of workability of fresh concrete using a mixing truck SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concrete; concrete rheometer; mixer truck; rheology ID SLUMP TEST AB The main objective of this study is to evaluate the workability of fresh portland cement concrete while it is still in the mixing truck by determining fundamental rheological parameters ( plastic viscosity and yield stress). Nine concrete mixtures with different values of yield stress and plastic viscosity were tested in a concrete truck. The measurements made with the truck were based on the typical method of determining the flow behavior in a traditional fluid rheometer; that is, the shear rate in the mixing truck was swept from high to low by varying the rotation speed of the drum. The results of these experiments are discussed and compared with data provided by the ICAR rheometer, a portable rheometer designed for measuring concrete rheology. The test results indicate that the mixing truck equipment is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in yield stress, slump, and plastic viscosity. However, the plastic viscosity determined by the truck measurement did not correlate with plastic viscosity as measured by the ICAR rheometer, while the yield stress determined by the truck measurement did correlate well with the measured slump and the ICAR rheometer results. Suggestions are given on how to improve the mixing truck for better use as a rheometer. C1 Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab Genie Mecan & Mat, F-56321 Lorient, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Amziane, S (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab Genie Mecan & Mat, Rue St Maude,BP 92116, F-56321 Lorient, France. EM Sofiane.Amziane@univ-ubs.fr; Clarissa@nist.gov; ekoehler@mail.utexas.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.6028/jres.110.006 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 906CZ UT WOS:000227619400004 PM 27308103 ER PT J AU Kacker, R Olkin, I AF Kacker, R Olkin, I TI A survey of tables of probability distributions SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE continuous univariate distributions; discrete univariate distributions; multivariate distributions; probability distributions ID LIKELIHOOD-RATIO CRITERION; LOGARITHMIC SERIES DISTRIBUTION; PERCENTAGE POINTS; MULTIVARIATE-T; STABLE-DISTRIBUTIONS; ORDER-STATISTICS; MOMENTS; VALUES; CHI AB This article is a survey of the tables of probability distributions published about or after the publication in 1964 of the Handbook of Mathematical Functions, edited by Abramowitz and Stegun. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kacker, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.6028/jres.110.007 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 906CZ UT WOS:000227619400005 PM 27308104 ER PT J AU Madhavan, R Durrant-Whyte, HF AF Madhavan, R Durrant-Whyte, HF TI 2D map-building and localization in outdoor environments SO JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MOBILE ROBOT; VEHICLE AB Determining the pose (position and orientation) of a vehicle at any time is termed localization and is of paramount importance in achieving reliable and robust autonomous navigation. Knowing the pose it is possible to achieve high level tasks such as path planning. A new map-based algorithm for the localization of vehicles operating in harsh outdoor environments is presented in this article. A map building algorithm using observations from a scanning laser rangefinder is developed for building a polyline map that adequately captures the geometry of the environment. Using this map, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is employed for matching laser range images from the rangefinder to the polyline map. Once correspondences are established, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm provides reliable vehicle state estimates using a nonlinear observation model based on the vertices of the polyline map. Data gathered during field trials in an outdoor environment is used to test the efficiency of the proposed ICP-EKF algorithm in achieving the localization of a four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicle. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sydney, Australian Ctr Field Robot, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; hugh@acfr.usyd.edu.au NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-2223 J9 J ROBOTIC SYST JI J. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 63 DI 10.1002/rob.20048 PG 19 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 881MD UT WOS:000225870700004 ER PT J AU Kahn, DM Helser, TE AF Kahn, DM Helser, TE TI Abundance, dynamics and mortality rates of the Delaware Bay stock of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Blue Crab Symposium CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Crustacian Soc DE Delaware Bay; blue crabs; Callinectes sapidus; catch-survey model; density; dependent mortality; compensatory mortality ID CHESAPEAKE-BAY; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; LARVAE; POPULATION; FISHERY; GROWTH; YIELD; SIZE AB The Delaware Bay stock of blue crabs supports a bistate fishery in New Jersey and Delaware, with annual landings climbing through the 1980s and 1990s to almost 11 x 10(6) pounds (4,390 metric tons) in 1995 and then declining to a recent average of 7 x 10(6) pounds (2,796 metric tons) over the last 5 y. In Delaware, this fishery ranks as number one in value. Landings declines in 1996 spurred efforts to conduct a stock assessment, which is now updated annually. This assessment was based on: (1) a biomass-based minimum recruitment threshold from a Ricker stock-recruitment model fit to indices of relative abundance from a research trawl survey and (2) a catch-survey model incorporating observation and process error that produced annual estimates of absolute abundance, biomass, and fishing mortality rates from 1979 through 2002. Adult blue crab abundance estimates showed a positive trend over the period, ranging from 20 x 10(6) in 1979 up to 146 x 10(6) in 1993, with recent estimates between 70 x 10(6) and 97 x 10(6). Estimated average exploitable stock biomass over the period was 23.43 x 10(6) pounds (9,357 metric tons). Recruit abundance was highly variable, ranging from 34 x 10(6) Up to 631 x 10(6). Use of the log survival ratio to estimate Z showed no trend in Z, although estimates were highly variable. Estimation of the exploitable stock size was problematic due to high density-dependent recruit mortality. Because of this fact, we developed upper and lower bounds of the exploitation rate, then estimated upper and lower bounds of F from Baranov catch equation, F = μ/(1 - e(-z))*Z. We also estimated the Collie & Kruse (1998) harvest rate and extended it to estimate F. The upper bound of F ranged from 0.13 up to 0.77 and averaged 0.44. The upper bound on F and the Collie-Kruse F showed a positive linear or curvilinear trend. Annual M estimates from Z - F, conditioned on an original model input value of constant M = 1.0, were erratic and showed no trend but were correlated with recruitment, supporting the hypothesis of compensatory density dependence. The relatively low estimate of F versus M and the overcompensatory and resilient stock-recruitment relationship suggest that overfishing is not occurring on this stock. C1 Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Little Creek, DE 19961 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Kahn, DM (reprint author), Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, POB 330, Little Creek, DE 19961 USA. EM desmond.kahn@state.de.us NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 19 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 269 EP 284 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925NG UT WOS:000229059200034 ER PT J AU Li, J Sleight, AW Jones, CY Toby, BH AF Li, J Sleight, AW Jones, CY Toby, BH TI Trends in negative thermal expansion behavior for AMO(2) (A = Cu or Ag; M = Al, Sc, In, or La) compounds with the delafossite structure SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE delafossite structure; negative thermal expansion; powder neutron diffraction ID NOBLE METAL OXIDES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; CUSCO2; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY; GA AB wwAbstract Powder neutron diffraction data were obtained from 30 to 600 K for CuAlO2, CuInO2, CuLaO2, 2H CuScO2, 3R CuScO2, and AgInO2. Rietveld refinements of these data showed negative thermal expansion (NTE) of the O-Cu-O linkage in all cases. This behavior was especially strong for CuLaO2 and CuScO2, where it persisted up to our maximum measuring temperature of 600 K. This NTE in turn caused NTE of the c cell edge, which was moderated by the positive thermal expansion of the M-O bonds. The NTE behavior increases in the CuMO2 series as the size of M increases. No NTE behavior was found for the O-Ag-O linkage in AgInO2; nonetheless, this compound did exhibit NTE for the e cell edge at low temperatures. For CuLaO2 there is NTE for both the a and c cell edges at low temperatures. Structural trends for compounds with the delafossite structure are discussed with respect to both composition and temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Room 153,Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arthur.sleight@orst.edu RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j,jssc.2004.11.017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 897YG UT WOS:000227042200042 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Cheng, YB Lathabai, S Hirao, K AF Zhang, Y Cheng, YB Lathabai, S Hirao, K TI Erosion response of highly anisotropic silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PARTICLE EROSION; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; REINFORCED SI3N4; STRESS TRANSFER; IMPACT DAMAGE; CERAMICS; STRENGTH AB The erosion rates and impact damage of two sintered Si3N4 materials with identical compositions but different microstructures were determined using a gas-blast-type erosion rig. The erodent particles used were SiC grits and the impact angles investigated were 30degrees and 90degrees. It was found that the erosion behavior of the two materials could not be related to their mechanical properties, such as hardness and fracture toughness as predicted by the theoretical erosion models. In fact, a close relationship was identified between their microstructure and the erosion mechanism. Microstructures containing evenly dispersed and uniaxially oriented reinforcing whiskers promoted grain-pullout, while the randomly oriented elongated grains hindered it. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. CSIRO Mfg Sci & Technol, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. AIST, Synergy Mat Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. RP Cheng, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yu.zhang@nist.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 899PY UT WOS:000227158100019 ER PT J AU Zuidema, P Baker, B Han, Y Intrieri, J Key, J Lawson, P Matrosov, S Shupe, M Stone, R Uttal, T AF Zuidema, P Baker, B Han, Y Intrieri, J Key, J Lawson, P Matrosov, S Shupe, M Stone, R Uttal, T TI An arctic springtime mixed-phase cloudy boundary layer observed during SHEBA SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; LIQUID WATER; ANNUAL CYCLE; STRATUS CLOUD; SEA-ICE; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS AB The microphysical characteristics, radiative impact, and life cycle of a long-lived, surface-based mixed-layer, mixed-phase cloud with an average temperature of approximately -20degreesC are presented and discussed. The cloud was observed during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic experiment (SHEBA) from 1 to 10 May 1998. Vertically resolved properties of the liquid and ice phases are retrieved using surface-based remote sensors, utilize the adiabatic assumption for the liquid component, and are aided by and validated with aircraft measurements from 4 and 7 May. The cloud radar ice microphysical retrievals, originally developed for all-ice clouds, compare well with aircraft measurements despite the presence of much greater liquid water contents than ice water contents. The retrieved time-mean liquid cloud optical depth of 10.1 +/- 7.8 far surpasses the mean ice cloud optical depth of 0.2, so that the liquid phase is primarily responsible for the cloud's radiative (flux) impact. The ice phase, in turn, regulates the overall cloud optical depth through two mechanisms: sedimentation from a thin upper ice cloud, and a local ice production mechanism with a time scale of a few hours, thought to reflect a preferred freezing of the larger liquid drops. The liquid water paths replenish within half a day or less after their uptake by ice, attesting to strong water vapor fluxes. Deeper boundary layer depths and higher cloud optical depths coincide with large-scale rising motion at 850 hPa, but the synoptic activity is also associated with upper-level ice clouds. Interestingly, the local ice formation mechanism appears to be more active when the large-scale subsidence rate implies increased cloud-top entrainment. Strong cloud-top radiative cooling rates promote cloud longevity when the cloud is optically thick. The radiative impact of the cloud upon the surface is significant: a time-mean positive net cloud forcing of 41 W m(-2) with a diurnal amplitude of similar to20 W m(-2). This is primarily because a high surface reflectance (0.86) reduces the solar cooling influence. The net cloud forcing is primarily sensitive to cloud optical depth for the low-optical-depth cloudy columns and to the surface reflectance for the high-optical-depth cloudy columns. Any projected increase in the springtime cloud optical depth at this location (76degreesN, 165degreesW) is not expected to significantly alter the surface radiation budget, because clouds were almost always present, and almost 60% of the cloudy columns had optical depths >6. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Stratton Pk Engn Co, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zuidema, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 86 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 160 EP 176 DI 10.1175/JAS-3368.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CN UT WOS:000226838600009 ER PT J AU Cash, BA Kushner, PJ Vallis, GK AF Cash, BA Kushner, PJ Vallis, GK TI Zonal asymmetries, teleconnections, and annular patterns in a GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MODES; CIRCULATION; INDEX; TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE; ATMOSPHERE AB The influence of zonally asymmetric boundary conditions on the leading modes of variability in a suite of atmospheric general circulation models is investigated. The set of experiments consists of nine model configurations, with varying degrees and types of zonal asymmetry in their boundary conditions. The structure of the leading EOF varies with the zonal asymmetry of the base state for each model configuration. In particular, a close relationship is found between the structure of the EOF and the model storm tracks. An approximately linear relationship is found to hold between the magnitude of the zonal asymmetry of the leading EOF and of the storm tracks in the models. It is shown that this linear relationship extends to the observations. One-point correlation maps centered on the regions where the EOFs reach their maximum amplitude show similar structures for all configurations. These structures consist of a north-south dipole, resembling the observed structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). They are significantly more zonally localized than the leading EOF, but do resemble one-point correlation maps and sector EOFs calculated for a simulation with zonally symmetric boundary conditions. Thus, the leading EOF for each simulation appears to represent the longitudinal distribution of zonally localized NAO-like patterns. This longitudinal distribution appears to be tied to the distribution of high-frequency eddies, as represented by the storm tracks. A detailed momentum budget for each case confirms that high-frequency eddies play a crucial role in producing the NAO-like patterns. Other dynamical processes also play an important role, but vary with the details of the simulation. C1 Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cash, BA (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM bcash@cola.iges.org RI Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1175/JAS-3361.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CN UT WOS:000226838600012 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Reinking, RF Djalalova, IV AF Matrosov, SY Reinking, RF Djalalova, IV TI Inferring fall attitudes of pristine dendritic crystals from polarimetric radar data SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE CRYSTALS; CLOUDS; HYDROMETEORS; VELOCITIES; PATTERNS; SHAPES AB Single pristine planar ice crystals exhibit some flutter around their preferential horizontal orientation as they fall. This study presents estimates of flutter and analyzes predominant fall attitudes of pristine dendritic crystals observed with a polarization agile K-a-band cloud radar. The observations were made in weakly precipitating winter clouds on slopes of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. The radar is capable of measuring the linear depolarization ratios in the standard horizon tal-vertical polarization basis (HLDR) and the slant 45degrees-135degrees polarization basis (SLDR). Both HLDR and SLDR depend on crystal shape. HLDR also exhibits a strong dependence on crystal orientation, while SLDR depends only weakly on orientation. The different sensitivities of SLDR and HLDR to the shape and orientation effects are interpreted to estimate the angular flutter of crystals. A simple analytical expression is derived for the standard deviation of angular flutter as a function of the HLDR to SLDR ratio assuming perfect radar system characteristics. The flutter is also assessed by matching theoretical and observed depolarization patterns as a function of the elevation of the radar's beam. The matching procedure is generally more robust since it accounts for the actual polarization states and imperfections in the radar hardware. The depolarization approach was used to estimate flutter of falling pristine dendrites that were characterized by Reynolds numbers in a range of approximately 40-100. Using the matching approach, this flutter was found to be about 9degrees +/- 3degrees, as expressed by the standard deviation of the crystal minor axes from the vertical direction. The analytical expression provides a value of flutter of about 12degrees, which is at the high end of the estimate obtained by the matching procedure. The difference is explained by the imperfections in the polarization states and radar hardware, so the analytical result serves as an upper bound to the more robust result from matching. The values of flutter estimated from the experimental example are comparable to estimates for planar crystals obtained in laboratory models and by individual crystal sampling. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway,R-ET7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1175/JAS-3356.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CN UT WOS:000226838600015 ER PT J AU Garcia, RE Chiang, YM Carter, WC Limthongkul, P Bishop, CM AF Garcia, RE Chiang, YM Carter, WC Limthongkul, P Bishop, CM TI Microstructural modeling and design of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; ELECTRODES; DISCHARGE; CAPACITY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; CELLS AB The properties of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are determined by the electrochemical and kinetic properties of their constituent materials as well as by their underlying microstructure. In this paper a method is developed that uses microscopic information and constitutive material properties to calculate the response of rechargeable batteries. The method is implemented in OOF, a public domain finite element code, so it can be applied to arbitrary two-dimensional microstructures with crystallographic anisotropy. This methodology can be used as a design tool for creating improved electrode microstructures. Several geometrical two-dimensional arrangements of particles of active material are explored to improve electrode utilization, power density, and reliability of the LiyC6\LixMn2O4 battery system. The analysis suggests battery performance could be improved by controlling the transport paths to the back of the positive porous electrode, maximizing the surface area for intercalating lithium ions, and carefully controlling the spatial distribution and particle size of active material. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. RP Garcia, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM redwing@alum.mit.edu RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012; OI Bishop, Catherine/0000-0002-0001-7115 NR 35 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 83 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A255 EP A263 DI 10.1149/1.1836132 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900039 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Paik, U Hackley, VA Choi, YM AF Lee, JH Paik, U Hackley, VA Choi, YM TI Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose on aqueous processing of natural graphite negative electrodes and their electrochemical performance for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; FORCES AB Suspensions of natural graphite particles were prepared in an aqueous medium using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and emulsified styrene-butadiene copolymer latex as part of an environmentally friendly fabrication process for graphite anodes (negative electrodes) intended for application in Li-ion batteries. Suspensions were characterized by adsorption isotherms, electroacoustic measurements, rheology and sedimentation tests, at two different degrees of carboxymethyl substitution (DS) on CMC. A lower DS value (0.7) resulted in greater uptake of CMC on graphite compared with a higher DS value (1.28). This was attributed to attractive hydrophobic interactions associated with the lower carboxymethyl substitution. The greater adsorption for DS = 0.7 correlates with lower relative viscosity in concentrated graphite suspensions, a higher adhesion strength with a copper substrate, and a greater retention of discharge capacity after cycling. The effect of DS is attributed to differences in the aqueous dispersion properties and stability of graphite suspensions. Based on these results, we fabricated high-capacity graphite negative electrodes characterized by gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of greater than 340 mAh/g and 560 mAh/cm(3), respectively. This formulation also led to improved adhesion strength, giving the as-fabricated cell an attractive cycle life greater than 90% of initial discharge capacity after 200 cycles. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mat LAB, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM upaik@hanyang.ac.kr OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 23 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP A1763 EP A1769 DI 10.1149/1.1979214 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300011 ER PT J AU Kongstein, OE Bertocci, U Stafford, GR AF Kongstein, OE Bertocci, U Stafford, GR TI In situ stress measurements during copper electrodeposition on (111)-textured Au SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; UNDERPOTENTIALLY DEPOSITED COPPER; INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; WEBER THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; AU(111) ELECTRODES; INTRINSIC STRESS; SOLID ELECTRODES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TENSILE-STRESS AB In situ stress measurements were made during copper electrodeposition onto (III)-textured Au from acidic sulfate electrolyte using the wafer curvature method. In the Cu underpotential deposition region, the intermediate (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees Cu-sulfate honeycomb structure creates a surface stress that is tensile when compared to that of the sulfate-adsorbed electrode at positive potentials or the complete (1 x 1) Cu monolayer at more negative potentials. This behavior is consistent with surface-induced charge redistribution models that appear in the literature. During the bulk deposition of Cu, there is a rapid increase in tensile stress during the first 20 nm of growth that we attribute to nuclei coalescence and grain boundary formation. The magnitude of the tensile stress as well as the film thickness at which the maximum stress occurs are both dependent upon the electrode potential due to its influence on the nucleation density. When the films are continuous, the total stress is the superposition of the coalescence-induced tensile stress and a compressive stress which we attribute to the incorporation of mobile adatoms on the surface into the grain boundaries. The tensile stress component dominates thin films deposited at high overpotential, whereas thick films deposited at low overpotential have a net compressive stress. When deposition is interrupted both tensile and compressive components of the stress relax somewhat but are quickly reestablished when deposition is resumed. The development of the growth stress that we describe here is very similar to that which has been reported for Cu deposition from the vapor phase. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kongstein, OE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov OI Kongstein, Ole Edvard/0000-0002-2607-0109 NR 63 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP C116 EP C123 DI 10.1149/1.1854093 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 905YI UT WOS:000227607300035 ER PT J AU Tsuda, T Hussey, CL Stafford, GR AF Tsuda, T Hussey, CL Stafford, GR TI Electrodeposition of Al-Mo-Mn ternary alloys from the Lewis acidic AlCl3-EtMeImCl molten salt SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE-1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE MELT; COBALT-ALUMINUM ALLOYS; IONIC LIQUIDS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CORROSION AB The electrodeposition of Al-Mo-Mn ternary alloys was examined in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3% mole fraction (mol%) aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-EtMeImCl) molten salt containing Mo(II) and Mn(II). By adjusting the CMn(II)/CMo(II) concentration ratio in the plating solution and employing different current densities, it was possible to prepare alloys with widely varying compositions and surface morphologies. All Al-Mo-Mn alloys were dense, compact, and adhered well to the copper substrate surface. The addition of small amounts of Mn to the Al-Mo alloy resulted in an improvement in the chloride pitting corrosion resistance and metallic brightness. For example, Al90.1Mo9.9Mn0 and Al89.5Mo9.1Mn1.4 displayed pitting potentials that were 725 and 837 mV more positive than that for Al, respectively. Al-Mo-Mn alloys that contained more than about 10 atom % Mo + Mn exhibited a metallic glass structure. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chclh@chem1.olemiss.edu RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP C620 EP C625 DI 10.1149/1.1995696 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300048 ER PT J AU Walker, ML Richter, LJ Moffat, TP AF Walker, ML Richter, LJ Moffat, TP TI In situ ellipsometric study of PEG/Cl- coadsorption on Cu, Ag, and Au SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COPPER-SULFATE BATH; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERFACE; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); DISK ELECTRODE; CHLORIDE-ION; ADSORPTION; DEPOSITION; SURFACE AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to examine the adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Cl- on polycrystalline Cu, Ag, and Au electrodes in sulfuric acid. In halide-free sulfuric acid, PEG adsorption on Cu and Ag is minimal at potentials positive of the estimated potential of zero charge (pzc). PEG adsorption on Au was also negligible in halide-free environments positive of the pzc, but slight adsorption was evident near the pzc. In contrast, in the presence of adsorbed halide, PEG coadsorption is clearly evident at potentials near or positive of the pzc for all metal samples studied. The PEG/Cl- coadsorbed film does not provide a significant barrier to outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions [i.e., Ru3+/(2+) (NH3)(6)], although inner-sphere reactions associated with electrodeposition of copper are effectively inhibited. The implications of these observations with respect to the role of Cu+ ions in the PEG-induced inhibition of Cu electrodeposition is discussed. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marlon.walker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP C403 EP C407 DI 10.1149/1.1915271 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300052 ER PT J AU Fett, T Munz, D Nijwa, ABK Rodel, J Quinn, GD AF Fett, T Munz, D Nijwa, ABK Rodel, J Quinn, GD TI Bridging stresses in sintered reaction-bonded Si3N4 from COD measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Si3N4; toughness and toughening; fracture ID TOUGHENED SILICON-NITRIDE; CRACK-TIP TOUGHNESS; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INTENSITY FACTOR; ALUMINA; CERAMICS; SPECIMENS; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE AB Crack opening displacement measurements on a sintered reaction-bonded Si3N4 ceramic obtained in bending tests with edge-V-notched specimens were evaluated. A procedure is proposed which allows a straight-forward evaluation of the experimental results in order to obtain the bridging stresses as a function of crack opening displacements. Bridging stresses up to 160 MPa were found acting over a distance of about 0.4 mum. In addition crack profile measurements were performed for Vickers indentation cracks which could approximately be described by use of the bridging relation obtained. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mat Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rodel, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mat Sci, Petersenstr 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM roedel@ceramics.tu-darmstadt.de NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.03.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 875NN UT WOS:000225427400004 ER PT J AU Gupta, AK Anderson, DM AF Gupta, AK Anderson, DM TI Mysteries of the Indian Ocean monsoon system SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; summer monsoon; biological productivity; holocene; monsoon proxies ID ASIAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SUMMER MONSOON; ARABIAN SEA; CLIMATE; UPLIFT; CIRCULATION; HOLOCENE; POLLEN AB South Asian monsoon is an important part of global climate, affecting large areas of the Indian Subcontinent. Monsoon is life and death to the people of South Asia as good monsoon is a boon to the farmers whereas an unusual monsoon can bring misery to the people through widespread floods and droughts. Strong differential heating of the Indian landmass and the latent heat released from precipitation mainly drive the present day summer monsoon circulation. During the northeast (winter) monsoon season, winds are dry and biological productivity in the northern Indian Ocean is low providing little food to the deep-sea. In opposition, the intense, wet, monsoonal winds of the southwest (summer) monsoon cause widespread upwelling and high surface productivity, thus a high supply of organic particles to the sea floor. During high surface productivity distinct fauna and flora flourish in the surface water column in various parts of the northern Indian Ocean. Study of these monsoon proxies accumulating in layers of sediment over hundreds to millions of years help understand the history of monsoons over various time scales. Recent study suggests a mechanistic link between the North Atlantic Ocean and the southwest monsoon at century-millennial time scales during the Holocene, suggesting importance of tropics and high latitude teleconnection. On short time scales monsoon variability has also been related to the Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Himalayan-Eurasian snow as well as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study reviews different aspects of past monsoon variability and its future implications. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gupta, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. EM anilg@gg.iitkgp.ernet.in RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0016-7622 J9 J GEOL SOC INDIA JI J. Geol. Soc. India PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 903ZM UT WOS:000227464300004 ER PT J AU Piegorsch, WW Webster West, R Pan, W Kodell, RL AF Piegorsch, WW Webster West, R Pan, W Kodell, RL TI Low dose risk estimation via simultaneous statistical inferences SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE bench-mark dose; environmental risk assessment; non-quantal dose-response; simultaneous confidence bands; simultaneous inference ID UPPER CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; QUANTITATIVE RESPONSES; LINEAR-REGRESSION; MODEL; BANDS; CARCINOGENS; INTERVALS AB The paper develops and studies simultaneous confidence bounds that are useful for making low dose inferences in quantitative risk analysis. Application is intended for risk assessment studies where human, animal or ecological data are used to set safe low dose levels of a toxic agent, but where study information is limited to high dose levels of the agent. Methods are derived for estimating simultaneous, one-sided, upper confidence limits on risk for end points measured on a continuous scale. From the simultaneous confidence bounds, lower confidence limits on the dose that is associated with a particular risk (often referred to as a bench-mark dose) are calculated. An important feature of the simultaneous construction is that any inferences that are based on inverting the simultaneous confidence bounds apply automatically to inverse bounds on the bench-mark dose. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, LeConte Coll 216, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Piegorsch, WW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, LeConte Coll 216, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM piegorsc@stat.sc.edu OI Piegorsch, Walter/0000-0003-2725-5604 NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-9254 J9 J ROY STAT SOC C-APP JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 54 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00481.x PN 1 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 864PL UT WOS:000224645300016 ER PT J AU Kelley, EF AF Kelley, EF TI Plotting the course of the next VESA flat-panel-display measurements standard SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Society-for-Information-Display (SID 2004) CY MAY 25-27, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Informat Display DE display measurements; display metrology; display reflection; display standards; FPDM; synthetic faces; VESA AB The Display Metrology Task Group of the Video Electronics Standards Association is developing the next Flat Panel Display Measurements Standard. The document's philosophy and the standard's acceptance are reviewed. New directions will be reviewed, including more diagnostics, synthetic-face patterns, robust reflection measurements and their scaling, motion artifacts, and robustness of the measurement method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kelley, EF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, 325 Broadway,Div 811-01,Rm 1-3043, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelley@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI SAN JOSE PA 610 S SECOND STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95112 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1889/1.1867101 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 024PB UT WOS:000236207200010 ER PT J AU Chien, FSS Hsieh, WF Gwo, S Jun, J Silver, RM Vladar, AE Dagata, JA AF Chien, FSS Hsieh, WF Gwo, S Jun, J Silver, RM Vladar, AE Dagata, JA TI Characterization of prototype silicon pitch artifacts fabricated by scanning probe lithography and anisotropic wet etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; GRATING FILTERS; WAVE-GUIDES; OXIDATION; CALIBRATION; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; MODE AB Scanning probe lithography (SPL) and anisotropic tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) etching (SPL+TMAH) were used to fabricate a series of one-dimensional prototype pitch structures on (110)-oriented silicon substrates. Overall lateral dimensions of the test structure are 20 mum x 80 mum. Line scales, consisting of 10-mum-long, 100-nm-tall, and 40-nm-wide lines, are observable by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Etched features were produced with pitches varying from 100 nm to 8 mum. Large-scale pattern placement errors of the SPL tool have been evaluated by analysis of optical image data obtained with a calibrated optical metrology instrument. Small-scale errors were analyzed in the range of 100 nm to 2 mum using SEM. Sources of placement error are discussed and possible methods for minimizing them are presented. The SPL+TMAH process in conjunction with a closed-loop scan control has the precision necessary for repeatable device prototyping in the nanoscale regime. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Ctr Measurement Standards, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Photon Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chien, FSS (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Dept Phys, Taichung 407, Taiwan. RI Gwo, Shangjr/A-9946-2008 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1116/1.1835318 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900012 ER PT J AU Greenblatt, RJ Quackenbush, SL Casey, RN Rovnak, J Balazs, GH Work, TM Casey, JW Sutton, CA AF Greenblatt, RJ Quackenbush, SL Casey, RN Rovnak, J Balazs, GH Work, TM Casey, JW Sutton, CA TI Genomic variation of the fibropapilloma-associated marine turtle herpesvirus across seven geographic areas and three host species SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; GREEN TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; POLYMERASE; HYBRIDIZATION AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is an emerging neoplastic disease associated with infection by a novel turtle herpesvirus, fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV). This report presents 23 kb of the genome of an FPTHV infecting a Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas). By sequence homology, the open reading frames in this contig correspond to herpes simplex virus genes UL23 through UL36. The order, orientation, and homology of these putative genes indicate that FPTHV is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae. The U(L)27-, U(L)30-, and U(L)34-homologous open reading frames from FPTHVs infecting nine FP-affected marine turtles from seven geographic areas and three turtle species (C. mydas, Caretta caretta, and Lepidochelys olivacea) were compared. A high degree of nucleotide sequence conservation was found among these virus variants. However, geographic variations were also found: the FPTHVs examined here form four groups, corresponding to the Atlantic Ocean, West pacific, mid-Pacific, and east Pacific. Our results indicate that FPTHV was established in marine turtle populations prior to the emergence of FP as it is currently known. C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 13045 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Casey, JW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, C5-142, Ithaca, NY 13045 USA. EM jwc3@cornell.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2T32 ES07052-26, T32 ES007052] NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1125-1132.2005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885IG UT WOS:000226149700047 PM 15613340 ER PT J AU Foley, AM Schroeder, BA Redlow, AE Fick-Child, KJ Teas, WG AF Foley, AM Schroeder, BA Redlow, AE Fick-Child, KJ Teas, WG TI Fibropapillomatosis in stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the eastern United States (1980-98): Trends and associations with environmental factors SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; conservation; fibropapilloma; fibropapillomatosis; Florida; green turtle; strandings; tumors ID CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS; TRANSMISSION AB We examined data collected by the US Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network on 4,328 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) found dead or debilitated (i.e., stranded) in the eastern half of the USA from Massachusetts to Texas during the period extending from 1980 to 1998. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) was reported only on green turtles in the southern half of Florida (south of 29 degrees N latitude). within this region, 22.6% (682/3,016) of the turtles had tumors. Fibropapillomatosis was more prevalent in turtles found along the western (Gulf) coast of Florida (51.9%) than in turtles found along the eastern (Atlantic) coast of Florida (11.9%) and was more prevalent in turtles found in inshore areas (38.9%) than in turtles found in offshore areas (14.6%). A high prevalence of FP corresponded to coastal waters characterized by habitat degradation and pollution, a large extent of shallow-water area, and low wave energy, supporting speculation that one or more of these factors could serve as an environmental cofactor in the expression of FP. A high prevalence of FP did not correspond to high-density green turtle assemblages. Turtles with tumors were found most commonly during the fall and winter months, and the occurrence of tumors was most common in turtles of intermediate size (40-70-cm curved carapace length). Stranded green turtles with tumors were more likely to be emaciated or entangled in fishing line and less likely to have propeller wounds than were stranded green turtles Without tumors. Turtles with and without tumors were equally likely to show evidence of a shark attack. The percent occurrence of tumors in stranded green turtles increased from approximately 10% in the early 1980s to over 30% in the late 1990s. Fibropapillomatosis was first documented in southernmost Florida in the late 1930s and spread throughout the southern half of Florida and the Caribbean during the mid-1980s. Because green turtles living in south Florida are known to move throughout much of the Caribbean, but are not known to move to other parts of the USA or to Bermuda, the spread and current distribution of FP in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean can be explained by assuming FP is caused by an infectious agent that first appeared in southern Florida. Aberrant movements of captive-reared turtles or of turtles that are released into areas where they were not originally found could spread FP beyond its current distribution. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville Field Lab, Jacksonville, FL 32221 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Foley, AM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Habitat & Species Conservat, S Reg Off, 8535 Northlake Blvd, W Palm Beach, FL 33412 USA. NR 48 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920RP UT WOS:000228708100003 PM 15827208 ER PT S AU Cheok, GS Stone, WC Lytle, A AF Cheok, GS Stone, WC Lytle, A BE Kamerman, GW TI Standards requirements for LADARs? SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications X CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida AB This paper presents a discussion of standards requirements for LADAR. Two specific questions are addressed: (1) is there a need for such standards and (2) what types of standards are required? LADAR standards development issues and current standardization efforts are also summarized. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheok, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5776-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5791 BP 250 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.609689 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR81 UT WOS:000230961500025 ER PT B AU Bohn, JL Ticknor, C AF Bohn, JL Ticknor, C BE Hinds, EA Ferguson, A Riis, E TI Electric field spectroscopy of ultracold polar molecular dimers SO Laser Spectroscopy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Aviemore, SCOTLAND SP Coherent (UK) Ltd, Coherent Inc, Agilent Technologies, Elliot Sci, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, Hilands & Islands Enterprise, Inst Phys QEP Grp, IoP Journal Phys B: Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, Imperial Coll London, Natl Phys Lab, Newport, Sacher Lasertechnik, Scottish Enterprise, Spectra Phys, Toptica Photon, Univ Durham, Univ Oxford, Unis Strathclyde ID COLD AB We propose a novel kind of electric field spectroscopy of ultracold, polar molecules. Scattering cross sections for these molecules will exhibit a quasi-regular series of resonance peaks as a function of applied electric field. In this contribution, we derive a simple approximate formula for F(n), the electric field F at which the nth resonance appears. C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohn, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014; Esslinger, Tilman/M-9022-2016 OI Esslinger, Tilman/0000-0002-8333-107X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-659-7 PY 2005 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1142/9789812701473_0021 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BED02 UT WOS:000236853300021 ER PT B AU Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Gerginov, V Shah, V Robinson, HG Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Gerginov, V Shah, V Robinson, HG Hollberg, L Kitching, J BE Hinds, EA Ferguson, A Riis, E TI Microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers SO Laser Spectroscopy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Aviemore, SCOTLAND SP Coherent (UK) Ltd, Coherent Inc, Agilent Technologies, Elliot Sci, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, Hilands & Islands Enterprise, Inst Phys QEP Grp, IoP Journal Phys B: Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, Imperial Coll London, Natl Phys Lab, Newport, Sacher Lasertechnik, Scottish Enterprise, Spectra Phys, Toptica Photon, Univ Durham, Univ Oxford, Unis Strathclyde AB We describe recent research at NIST directed towards the development of microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers based on coherent population trapping spectroscopy. Clock physics packages based on the D, transition in Rb-87 achieve a fractional frequency instability below 4 x 10(-11)/tau(1/2) [Knappe et aL, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1460 (2004)], while the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor reached 50 pT Hz(-1/2) at 10 Hz [Schwindt et al. Appl. Phys, Lett. 85, 6509 (2004)). With volumes around 10 mm(3) and power consumptions below 150 mW they display an improvement over the previous state of the art by a factor of 100 in volume and a factor of 10 in power dissipation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-659-7 PY 2005 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1142/9789812701473_0035 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BED02 UT WOS:000236853300035 ER PT B AU Wineland, DJ Leibfried, D Barrett, MD Ben-Kish, A Bergquist, JC Blakestad, RB Bollinger, JJ Britton, J Chiaverini, J Demarco, B Hume, D Itano, WM Jensen, M Jost, JD Knill, E Koelemeij, J Langer, C Oskay, W Ozeri, R Reichle, R Rosenband, T Schaetz, T Schmidt, PO Seidelin, S AF Wineland, DJ Leibfried, D Barrett, MD Ben-Kish, A Bergquist, JC Blakestad, RB Bollinger, JJ Britton, J Chiaverini, J Demarco, B Hume, D Itano, WM Jensen, M Jost, JD Knill, E Koelemeij, J Langer, C Oskay, W Ozeri, R Reichle, R Rosenband, T Schaetz, T Schmidt, PO Seidelin, S BE Hinds, EA Ferguson, A Riis, E TI Quantum control, quantum information processing, and quantum-limited metrology with trapped ions SO Laser Spectroscopy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Aviemore, SCOTLAND SP Coherent (UK) Ltd, Coherent Inc, Agilent Technologies, Elliot Sci, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, Hilands & Islands Enterprise, Inst Phys QEP Grp, IoP Journal Phys B: Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, Imperial Coll London, Natl Phys Lab, Newport, Sacher Lasertechnik, Scottish Enterprise, Spectra Phys, Toptica Photon, Univ Durham, Univ Oxford, Unis Strathclyde ID PROJECTION NOISE; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; ARCHITECTURE; COMPUTATION; COMPUTER AB We briefly discuss recent experiments on quantum information processing using trapped ions at NIST. A central theme of this work has been to increase our capabilities in terms of quantum computing protocols, but we have also applied the same concepts to improved metrology, particularly in the area of frequency standards and atomic clocks. Such work may eventually shed light on more fundamental issues, such as the quantum measurement problem. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; DeMarco, Brian/0000-0002-2791-0413 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-659-7 PY 2005 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1142/9789812701473_0040 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BED02 UT WOS:000236853300040 ER PT S AU Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T AF Barnes, JE Parikh, NC Kaplan, T BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Bistatic lidar measurements in the boundary layer using a CCD camera SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring V CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE boundary layer; aerosols; lidar; CCD; bistatic lidar; CLidar ID AEROSOL; VARIABILITY; TOOL AB A CCD based bistatic lidar (CLidar) system has been developed and constructed to measure scattering in the atmospheric boundary layer. The system used is based on a CCD camera, wide-angle optics and laser. Measuring near the ground with the standard monostatic lidar method is difficult due to the huge change in signal strength with altitude and the incomplete overlap between the laser and the telescope. High spatial (altitude) resolution is also desired near the ground for comparison with in-situ aerosol instruments. Imaging a vertical laser beam from the side with a CCD camera and wide-angle field of view optics overcomes both of these problems. While the molecular signal changes many orders of magnitude in the standard method, it only changes about one order with the CLidar method. In addition, the CLidar resolution near the ground is less than a meter. For perpendicular polarization, the molecular signal is nearly constant all the way to the ground. Other advantages of the CLidar method include low cost and simplicity. The signal is integrated on the CCD rather than with specialized electronics. With the bistatic CLidar method the scattering angle changes with altitude. The variation of scattering intensity with the scattering angle will be influenced by the aerosol size distribution and thus could help provide information on aerosol parameters of interest in the boundary layer. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, POB 275, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5614-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5653 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.579293 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBT00 UT WOS:000227658800010 ER PT J AU Hoegh-Guldberg, O Fine, M Skirving, W Johnstone, R Dove, S Strong, A AF Hoegh-Guldberg, O Fine, M Skirving, W Johnstone, R Dove, S Strong, A TI Coral bleaching following wintry weather SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; INHIBITION AB Extensive coral bleaching Occurred intertidally in early August 2003 in the Capricorn Bunker group (Wistari Reef, Heron and One Tree Islands; Southern Great Barrier Reef). The affected intertidal coral had been exposed to unusually cold (minimum = 13.3degreesC; wet bulb temperature = 9degreesC) and dry winds (44% relative humidity) for 2 d during predawn low tides. Coral bleached in the upper 10 cm of their branches and had less than 0.2 x 10(6) cell cm(-2) as compared with over 2.5 x 10(6), Cell cm(-2) in nonbleached areas. Dark-adapted quantum yields did not differ between symbionts in bleached and nonbleached areas. Exposing symbionts to light, however, led to greater quenching of Photosystem 11 in symbionts in the bleached coral. Bleached areas of the affected colonies had died by September 2003, with areas that were essentially covered by more than 80% living coral decreasing to less than 10% visible living coral cover. By January 2004, coral began to recover, principally from areas of colonies that were not exposed during low tide (i.e., from below dead, upper regions). These data highlight the importance of understanding local weather patterns as well as the effects of longer term trends in global climate. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. NOAA, Ctr Sci, ERA3, NESDIS,ORA,ORAD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hoegh-Guldberg, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oveh@uq.edu.au RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Dove, Sophie/I-7873-2013; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011 OI Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Dove, Sophie/0000-0003-1823-8634; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 888XF UT WOS:000226406800025 ER PT B AU Lautenbacher, CC AF Lautenbacher, CC GP IEEE Computer Society TI The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) SO Local to Global Data Interoperability - Challenges and Technologies: BEYOND MASS STORAGE TO GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Global Data Interoperability - Challenges and Technologies CY JUN 20-27, 2005 CL Sardinia, ITALY SP IEEE Mass Storage Syst & Technol Comm AB The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is an environmental priority at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), within our U.S. interagency community, and within the international community because it has enormous potential benefits for the entire world. Over time, GEOSS will provide an important scientific basis for sound policy and decision making in every sector of our society including energy, public health, agriculture, transportation and numerous other areas that shape the quality of everyday life. In less than two years, the number of participating countries has nearly doubled, and interest has grown since the recent tsunami tragedy. Over 40 international organizations also support the emerging global network. In the coming months, more countries and global organizations are expected to join the historic initiative. C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9228-0 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BDX68 UT WOS:000235996300009 ER PT S AU Sullivan, DB Ashby, N Donley, EA Heavner, TP Hollberg, LW Jefferts, SR Klipstein, WM Phillips, WD Seidel, DJ AF Sullivan, DB Ashby, N Donley, EA Heavner, TP Hollberg, LW Jefferts, SR Klipstein, WM Phillips, WD Seidel, DJ BE Narayanan, R Chui, TCP TI PARCS: NASA's laser-cooled atomic clock in space SO LOW GRAVITY PHENOMENA AND CONDENSED MATTER EXPERIMENTS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE atomic clock; cesium clock; frequency standard; tests of relativity; laser-cooled clocks ID ACCURACY; NIST-F1 AB The Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space (PARCS) mission is designed to perform certain tests of relativity theory, to study the performance of individual GPS space-vehicle clocks, to study the dynamics of atom motion in micro-gravity, to advance the state-of-the art for space clocks, and to serve as a pathfinder for precision instruments based on laser cooling of atoms. After a brief overview of the project, this paper discusses the specific objectives of PARCS, describes the key subsystems, and discusses the systematic frequency shifts that limit the accuracy of the clock. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM donald.sullivan@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 SI 2005 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.126 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BDT04 UT WOS:000235191400016 ER PT S AU Fiscus, JG Radde, N Garofolo, JS Le, A Ajot, J Laprun, C AF Fiscus, JG Radde, N Garofolo, JS Le, A Ajot, J Laprun, C BE Renals, S Bengio, S TI The Rich Transcription 2005 Spring Meeting Recognition Evaluation SO MACHINE LEARNING FOR MULTIMODAL INTERACTION SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction CY JUL 11-13, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP AMI, CHIL, HUMAINE, PASCAL, SIMILAR, IM2 AB This paper presents the design and results of the Rich Transcription Spring 2005 (RT-05S) Meeting Recognition Evaluation. This evaluation is the third in a series of community-wide evaluations of language technologies in the meeting domain. For 2005, four evaluation tasks were supported. These included a speech-to-text (STT) transcription task and three diarization tasks: "Who Spoke When", "Speech Activity Detection", and "Source Localization." The latter two were first-time experimental proof-of-concept tasks and were treated as "dry runs". For the ST7 task, the lowest word error rate for the multiple distant microphone condition was 30.0% which represented an impressive 33% relative reduction from the best result obtained in the last such evaluation - the Rich Transcription Spring 2004 Meeting Recognition Evaluation. For the diarization "Who Spoke When" task, the lowest diarization error rate was 18.56% which represented a 19% relative reduction from that of RT-04S. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Syst Plus Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Fiscus, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jfiscus@nist.gov; nradde@nist.gov; jgarofolo@nist.gov; ajot@nist.gov; claprun@nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-32549-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3869 BP 369 EP 389 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEA54 UT WOS:000236462900032 ER PT S AU Mahoney, WP Bernstein, B Wolff, J Linden, S Myers, WL Hallowell, RG Cowie, J Stern, AD Koenig, G Phetteplace, G Schultz, P Pisano, PA Burkheimer, D AF Mahoney, WP Bernstein, B Wolff, J Linden, S Myers, WL Hallowell, RG Cowie, J Stern, AD Koenig, G Phetteplace, G Schultz, P Pisano, PA Burkheimer, D GP TRB TI FHWA's maintenance decision support system project - Results and recommendations SO MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS SERVICES SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The Federal Highway Administration's Office of Transportation Operations Road Weather Management Program began a project in FY 1999 to develop a prototype winter road maintenance decision support system (MDSS). The MDSS capabilities are based on feedback received by the FHWA in 2001 from maintenance managers at a number of state departments of transportation (DOTs) as part of an initiative to capture surface transportation weather decision support requirements. The MDSS project goal is to seed the implementation of advanced decision support services provided by the private sector for state DOTs. This has been achieved by developing core software capabilities that serve as a basis for these tailored products. After the 2001 user needs assessment was completed, the MDSS program was extended with the objective of developing and demonstrating a functional prototype MDSS. Field demonstrations of the prototype MDSS were conducted in Iowa between February and April 2003, and during the winter of 2004. The performance of the prototype MDSS was much improved during the second winter. The weather and road condition predictions were more accurate, and the treatment recommendations generated by the system were reasonable given the predicted conditions. Iowa garage supervisors actively considered the treatment guidance, and on occasion they successfully used the recommended treatments without modification. This paper describes the status of the MDSS project, results and lessons learned from the field demonstrations, and future development efforts. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Iowa Dept Transportat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. FHWA, HOTO 1, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Mahoney, WP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09384-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1911 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDU78 UT WOS:000235515300013 ER PT B AU Dunkers, JP Leigh, SD Cicerone, MT Landis, FA Wang, FW Tesk, JA AF Dunkers, Joy P. Leigh, Stefan D. Cicerone, Marcus T. Landis, Forrest A. Wang, Francis W. Tesk, John A. GP ASME TI NIST development of reference material scaffolds for tissue engineering SO Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, 2005 Pts A and B SE Manufacturing Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In consultation with ASTM and other stakeholders in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products (TEMPs) industry, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated a project designed to produce Reference Material scaffolds for tissue engineering. The rationale for Reference Material scaffolds was developed through several NIST/Industry workshops. In brief, Reference Material scaffolds have multiple uses: facilitating the development and the validation of new test methods that measure interactions among various components of a TEMP; comparison with other scaffolds and scaffold materials in terms of cellular responses, biodegradation, and releases of growth factors; and comparisons of responses among various cell lines. The primary customers for Reference Material scaffolds are expected to be the TEMPs industry, academic researchers, regulators, and standards developing organizations. There are many properties of a TEMP that warrant development of multiple Reference Material scaffolds. Currently, NIST is defining a set of Reference Material scaffolds based on geometric descriptors such as permeability, pore volume, pore size distribution, interconnectivity, and tortuosity. In consultation with ASTM, NIST is testing three candidate scaffolds produced by: three dimensional (3-D) printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling (FDM). Scaffolds made by these methods have been obtained from Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) (Cleveland, OH), and Osteopore International (Singapore), respectively, for structural characterization. These prototype scaffolds, with well-defined architectures, have been selected to address the following items of interest: 1) establishment of useful functional definitions of porosity content, interconnectivity, and pores; 2) evaluation of testing methods listed in the Standard Guide for the Porosity of Polymeric Scaffolds for Use in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products, which is being drafted by ASTM. Currently, NIST and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the Food and Drug Administration, as well as other groups from US and foreign laboratories, are actively carrying out cross-validation test of these prototype scaffolds. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4223-1 J9 MANUF ENG DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 16 BP 207 EP 212 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFI47 UT WOS:000242016100027 ER PT B AU Roy, TD Stone, JJ Sun, W Cho, EH Lockett, SJ Wang, FM Henderson, L AF Dutta Roy, T. Stone, J. J. Sun, W. Cho, E. H. Lockett, S. J. Wang, F. M. Henderson, L. GP ASME TI Osteoblast adhesion on tissue engineering scaffolds made by bio-manufacturing techniques SO Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, 2005 Pts A and B SE Manufacturing Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Scientific exploration into understanding and developing relationships between three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping (RP) and cellular response has, focused primarily on end results targeting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Here at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we take a systems approach to developing relationships between material properties and. quantitative biological responses. This study in particular focuses on the screening of parameters controlled by RP techniques and their ability to trigger signalling events leading to cell adhesion. This pioneering research in our group also characterizes the in vitro cell-material interactions of 2D films and 3D scaffolds. From there, one can postulate on contributory factors leading to cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In summary, we believe that the quantitative information from this fundamental investigation will enhance our knowledge of the interactions between cells and 3D material interfaces with respect to formation of focal adhesions. This work consists of two sections - the application of imaging techniques for 3D characterization of properties and culturing of osteoblasts for size and shape determination. This includes quantifying the number of focal adhesion sites. We are using 3D RP polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds as this surrogate model in which to compare 2D to 3D material performance and cell interactions. Using RP biomanufacturing techniques to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds allows for control of pore size, strut size, and layer thickness, therefore providing adjustable parameters to study which can potentially influence, or even dynamically modulate, cellular adhesion. Imaging results after culturing for 24 h showed differences in cell morphology and spreading relative to the different structures. The focal adhesion response also varied, indicating an apparent loss of organization in 3D scaffolds compared to 2D surfaces. See Results and Discussion for details. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Roy, TD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Cho, Edward/B-3727-2012 OI Cho, Edward/0000-0002-0278-334X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4223-1 J9 MANUF ENG DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 16 BP 213 EP 216 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFI47 UT WOS:000242016100028 ER PT B AU Deshayes, L Evans, JL Ivester, R Bhat, DG Batzer, SA Whitenton, EP AF Deshayes, L. Evans, J. L. Ivester, R. Bhat, D. G. Batzer, S. A. Whitenton, E. P. GP ASME TI Mechanical and thermal behavior for machining Ti-6Al-4V with AlMgB14 and WC-Co tools SO Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, 2005 Pts A and B SE Manufacturing Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ION-IMPLANTATION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; CARBIDE TOOLS; COATINGS; WEAR AB Many tool materials dissolve, diffuse, and/or react with titanium due to the high temperatures at the tool/workpiece interface. Potential next generation tool materials that would improve the machining of titanium and eliminate the contamination of the work piece are being developed. One material, Aluminum Boride (AlMgB14), is the basis of the research presented in this paper. Specimens of the newly developed tool material, AlMgB14 were fabricated into a standard tool geometry. This tool material was compared with a standard WC-Co tool material to machine a Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. During orthogonal cutting, thermal and force measurements were made using both types of tool material. The measurements are compared with finite element simulations. This paper shows higher chip temperatures are obtained with AlMgB14 and this material demonstrates benefits associated with tool thermal conductivity, including improved chip segmentation, smaller cutting and thrust forces. Nevertheless, a weakness of AlMgB14 is its fracture toughness, which needs to be improved for better performance in an industrial environment. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deshayes, L (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4223-1 J9 MANUF ENG DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 16 BP 503 EP 512 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFI47 UT WOS:000242016100060 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Burton, EJ Kerr, LA Cailliet, GM Coale, KH Lundstrom, CC Brown, TA AF Andrews, AH Burton, EJ Kerr, LA Cailliet, GM Coale, KH Lundstrom, CC Brown, TA TI Bomb radiocarbon and lead-radium disequilibria in otoliths of bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis): a determination of age and longevity for a difficult-to-age fish SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fish Otolith Research and Application CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA DE growth; lead-radium dating; longevity; Scorpaenidae ID LONG-LIVED FISHES; MACRURONUS-NOVAEZELANDIAE; BLUE GRENADIER; VALIDATION; GROWTH; RUBERRIMUS; ATLANTICUS; COASTAL; WATERS; ALASKA AB Longevity estimates for the bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis) using traditional techniques range from less than 20 years to approximately 50 years. Otoliths of bocaccio are difficult to age, and previous attempts to validate ages have been unsuccessful. Because otolith age suggests the bocaccio are reasonably long-lived, lead-radium dating was used in an attempt to independently age bocaccio otoliths. The measured (210)Pb and (226)Ra activities were among the lowest reported and resulted in poor radiometric age resolution; however, the break-and-burn technique clearly underestimated age in some cases with the longevity of the bocaccio being at least 31 years. To provide better age resolution, the bomb radiocarbon approach was applied to individual otoliths. Based on measured radiocarbon levels relative to a reference time-series, several specimens were aged at approximately 30-40 years. To evaluate these determinations, the remaining otolith of the pair was sectioned and aged blind. The result was an excellent fit to the reference time-series and a validation of the age estimates. The maximum age from growth zone counts was 37 +/- 2 years, which is consistent with a reported maximum age of approximately 50 years. C1 Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM andrews@mlml.calstate.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 5 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1071/MF04224 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947WW UT WOS:000230679000005 ER PT J AU Dorval, E Jones, CM Hannigan, R van Montfrans, J AF Dorval, E Jones, CM Hannigan, R van Montfrans, J TI Can otolith chemistry be used for identifying essential seagrass habitats for juvenile spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Chesapeake Bay? SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fish Otolith Research and Application CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA DE estuarine-dependent fish; natural tag; otolith microchemistry; seagrass bed discrimination ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; RED DRUM; FISHES; ESTUARINE; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; ANOXIA AB We investigated the variability of otolith chemistry in juvenile spotted seatrout from Chesapeake Bay seagrass habitats in 1998 and 2001, to assess whether otolith elemental and isotopic composition could be used to identify the most essential seagrass habitats for those juvenile fish. Otolith chemistry (Ca, Mn, Sr, Ba, and La; delta(13)C, delta(18)O) of juvenile fish collected in the five major seagrass habitats (Potomac, Rappahannock, York, Island, and Pocomoke Sound) showed significant variability within and between years. Although the ability of trace elements to allocate individual fish may vary between years, in combination with stable isotopes, they achieve high classification accuracy averaging 80-82% in the Pocomoke Sound and the Island, and 95-100% in the York and the Potomac habitats. The trace elements (Mn, Ba, and La) provided the best discrimination in 2001, a year of lower freshwater discharge than 1998. This is the first application of a rare earth element measured in otoliths (La) to discriminate habitats, and identify seagrass habitats for juvenile spotted seatrout at spatial scales of 15 km. Such fine spatial scale discrimination of habitats has not been previously achieved in estuaries and will distinguish fish born in individual seagrass beds in the Bay. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Dorval, E (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shore Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM emmanis.dorval@noaa.gov RI Hannigan, Robyn /F-8628-2010 OI Hannigan, Robyn /0000-0003-4782-1124 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 5 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1071/MF04179 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947WW UT WOS:000230679000017 ER PT J AU Morison, AK Burnett, J McCurdy, WJ Moksness, E AF Morison, AK Burnett, J McCurdy, WJ Moksness, E TI Quality issues in the use of otoliths for fish age estimation SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fish Otolith Research and Application CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA DE bias; error; growth; mortality; precision; recruitment; stock assessment ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; AGING ERRORS; VALIDATION; PRECISION; ACCURACY; WEIGHT; MODELS; INCREMENTS; MORTALITY; READINGS AB Quality issues in fish age estimation, which historically have focused mainly on inadequacies in the validation process, are increasingly directed at ways to measure and control the errors or inconsistencies in the application of established and validated methods. The process of age estimation, as undertaken by human operators, involves a complex mix of pattern recognition and interpretation based on knowledge and experience. It is best characterised as a skill rather than an art. Such an approach promotes the use of well-recognised techniques designed to maintain and enhance skills that also assist in maintaining standards. The results of a questionnaire completed by representatives of over 50 ageing laboratories worldwide were used to assess current quality assurance and quality control practices. Results indicate a great diversity in attention to, and no clear consensus on desirable standards for, quality issues, including staff training, use of reference sets, reading protocols, and post-reading analyses. This is considered more likely to reflect variation in awareness of the importance of quality issues than variation in the need for quality assurance and quality control measures. Greater attention to a range of quality control processes is urged, particularly the more regular use of reference sets. C1 Dept Primary Ind, Queenscliff, Vic, Australia. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Aquat Syst Branch, Agr Food & Environm Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. Inst Marine Res Arendal, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 HIS, Norway. RP Morison, AK (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind, POB 114, Queenscliff, Vic, Australia. EM sandy.morison@dpi.vic.gov.au NR 57 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 5 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1071/MF04217 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947WW UT WOS:000230679000029 ER PT J AU Kimura, DK Anderl, DM AF Kimura, DK Anderl, DM TI Quality control of age data at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fish Otolith Research and Application CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA DE Bowker's test; fish ageing; precision measures; quality control ID VALIDATION; PRECISION AB The Alaska Fisheries Science Center operates a 14-person Age and Growth Program that specialises in the ageing of various groundfish species using otoliths. In 1983, a quality control programme was established whereby a random subsample of 20% of the total of aged samples is re-aged by a second age reader. The purpose of this programme is to assure, to the greatest extent possible, that ages used in stock assessment are based on consistent ageing criteria. This age data is entered into our AGEDATA Microsoft ACCESS(TM) database where it can be easily updated, corrected and analysed. VISUAL BASIC computer programmes AGREE ( a precision estimating programme) and RANGES ( an outlier searching programme) were written to routinely analyse age data before data are released to end-users. The statistical relationship between average percentage error and coefficient of variation is described, as well as an interpretation of Bowker's test for symmetry. Discrepancies between the reader and tester are reconciled while viewing the problematic otoliths using a dual-headed microscope, and reconciled ages are assigned. When necessary, all questionable otoliths in a troublesome sample may be re-aged. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kimura, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.kimura@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 5 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1071/MF04141 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947WW UT WOS:000230679000030 ER PT J AU Luthy, SA Serafy, JE Cowen, RK Denit, KL Sponaugle, S AF Luthy, SA Serafy, JE Cowen, RK Denit, KL Sponaugle, S TI Age and growth of larval Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE billfish; Istiophoridae; otoliths; sagitta; weight-length relationship ID BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; SWORDFISH XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; GADUS-MORHUA AB Of the Atlantic istiophorid billfishes, larval age-size relationships and growth rates have been examined only for blue marlin (Makaira nigricans). Using otolith microincrement analysis, we describe age-length and age weight relationships for larval sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) collected from the Straits of Florida. Sagittae and lapilli were dissected from 70 larvae ranging from 2.8 to 15.2mm in ( notochord or standard) length. Comparisons between otolith images obtained by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that increment widths were well within the resolving power of light microscopy. Indirect evidence and published descriptions of larval blue marlin otoliths suggest daily increment deposition. Estimated ages of specimens ranged from 3 to 18 days. Length data were fitted to age estimates with an exponential model (R-2 = 0.85). The estimated size-at-hatch for sailfish was 1.96mm notochord length, and the daily instantaneous growth coefficient was 0.14. A power curve with exponent 3.05 described the length-dry weight relationship for sailfish. The instantaneous growth coefficient for an exponential regression of dry weight, converted from length, versus estimated age was 0.41. Growth in the length of sailfish larvae from the Straits of Florida was very similar to that described for blue marlin larvae from Exuma Sound, Bahamas. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Luthy, SA (reprint author), Baruch Marine Field Lab, POB 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. EM stacy@belle.baruch.sc.edu NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1027 EP 1035 DI 10.1071/MF05048 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 979ZK UT WOS:000232983500009 ER PT J AU Jahncke, J Coyle, KO Zeeman, SI Kachel, NB Hunt, GL AF Jahncke, J Coyle, KO Zeeman, SI Kachel, NB Hunt, GL TI Distribution of foraging shearwaters relative to inner front of SE Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE short-tailed shearwater; Puffinus tenuirostris; euphausiids; Thysanoessa raschii; Thysanoessa inermis; seabird foraging; fronts; Bering Sea ID SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; TIDAL MIXING FRONT; SUMMER PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; DAYTIME SURFACE SWARMS; IRISH SEA; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUND-SCATTERING; PRIBILOF ISLANDS AB We examined the hypothesis that short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris aggregate to forage at the inner front of the SE Bering Sea because of enhanced production there. We tested this hypothesis by comparing primary production, the distribution of euphausiids and the distribution of shearwaters relative to the front during late spring and late summer/early fall of 1997, 1998 and 1999. We found enhanced primary production at the front and offshore of the front during summer but not during spring. Primary production varied between seasons and years. Major differences were related to anomalous conditions in 1997 and 1998. The density of euphausiids was higher at the front and offshore of the front during summer, but there were no differences among regions during spring. Foraging shearwaters aggregated in high densities at the front during summer, but foraged close to shore during spring. At the front, shearwaters foraged on euphausiids Thysanoessa raschii and T. inermis as expected, and on copepods that accumulated in the area. The proportion of zooplankton consumed at the front decreased from summer 1997 to summer 1999, while consumption of sandlance Ammodytes hexapterus at this feature increased. Our results show that, during summer, the inner front supports aggregations of euphausiids and their seabird predators. The means by which the frontal system supports enhanced production and the subsequent trophic transfers is dependent on the availability of nutrients at depth in the frontal region and the aggregation of small zooplankton organisms in this feature. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New England, Dept Biol Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jjahncke@uci.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 305 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.3354/meps305219 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 008YV UT WOS:000235079200018 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Foley, DG Wilson, C Watters, GM AF Hinke, JT Foley, DG Wilson, C Watters, GM TI Persistent habitat use by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the coastal ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific salmon; essential fish habitat; archival tags; California current; sea-surface temperature; surface chlorophyll ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH PRODUCTION; SURVIVAL RATES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FRASER-RIVER AB We used temperature and depth data from 25 archival tags carried by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at sea to explore whether and how these fish alter their patterns of habitat use in response to variable oceanographic conditions off the coasts of Oregon and California. The Chinook salmon persistently used a narrow range of thermal habitats (8 to 12 degrees C) during all months of the year, irrespective of location, time or year of release. In general, individuals appeared to adjust their vertical position in the water column to maintain this persistent thermal experience. There was noticeable individual and seasonal variation in the depths used, with the deepest habitats being used during winter. The patterns of depth use were related to the annual cycles of surface temperatures and surface productivity. Chinook salmon synchronously responded to anonymously warm surface temperatures in August 2003 by using relatively deeper habitats. Declines in surface productivity during autumn were accompanied by an apparent switch from relatively shallow habitats, to deeper, presumably benthic, habitats. The persistent use of a narrow range of temperatures suggests that variation in oceanographic conditions do not necessarily correspond to variation in the temperatures that Chinook salmon use. The effects of environmental variability on their growth and maturation in the California Current may, therefore, be relatively independent of temperature-mediated physiological responses. Rather, it seems relatively more important to understand how variable ocean conditions affect the food-web topology in the thermal habitats that Chinook salmon use. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC Environm Res Div, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 304 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.3354/meps304207 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 004JW UT WOS:000234750100019 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Thorrold, S Walsh, H Reiss, C Valle-Levinson, A Jones, C AF Hare, JA Thorrold, S Walsh, H Reiss, C Valle-Levinson, A Jones, C TI Biophysical mechanisms of larval fish ingress into Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE selective tidal stream transport; estuarine circulation; wind-induced exchange; larval ingress; recruitment; larval fishes ID TIDAL-STREAM TRANSPORT; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS LATROBE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; VERTICAL MIGRATIONS; XANTHURUS LACEPEDE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-CAROLINA; DELAWARE BAY; CRAB LARVAE; ESTUARY AB Selective tidal stream transport is hypothesized as a dominant mechanism by which larvae of marine animals move through estuarine openings. For larvae moving from the shelf to estuarine habitats, selective tidal stream transport proposes that larvae are higher in the water column during flood tide and lower in the water column during ebb tide. Although a number of studies conclude that selective tidal stream transport is the mechanism responsible for larval ingress, few studies consider alternative mechanisms or consider passive explanations for tidal patterns in larval distributions. We examined the biophysical mechanisms responsible for larval ingress into Chesapeake Bay using an Eulerian approach. We made flux calculations for 3 species and partitioned flux estimates among 3 different ingress mechanisms (wind forcing, residual bottom inflow and tidal). For the Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus (Sciaenidae), all 3 mechanisms of ingress contributed to the net up-estuary flux of larvae, but tidal mechanisms become more important for larger sizes. Net up-estuary flux of the Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Clupeidae) was dominated by residual bottom inflow and wind forcing. Ingress of the summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus (Para-lichthyidae) was dominated by tidal mechanisms, and the importance of tides increased with developmental stage. We found little evidence for the hypothesis that tidal patterns in larval distributions resulted from passive processes (water mass-specific distributions, buoyancy, vertical mixing), thereby supporting the hypothesis that tidal patterns resulted from active behaviors. However, our estimates of vertical mixing were not direct and additional work is needed to examine the role of vertical mixing in influencing vertical distributions in areas with strong tides. We conclude that a combination of wind forcing, residual bottom inflow, and selective tidal stream transport are responsible for the ingress of larval fishes into Chesapeake Bay, and that the relative importance of the 3 mechanisms differs among species and changes with larval development. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 303 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.3354/meps303295 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 996ZJ UT WOS:000234214500024 ER PT J AU Porter, SM Ciannelli, L Hillgruber, N Bailey, KM Chan, KS Canino, MF Haldorson, LJ AF Porter, SM Ciannelli, L Hillgruber, N Bailey, KM Chan, KS Canino, MF Haldorson, LJ TI Environmental factors influencing larval walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma feeding in Alaskan waters SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE larval fish feeding; walleye pollock larvae; generalized additive models ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; FISH INGESTION RATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; MARINE FISH; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; HERRING LARVAE; PORCUPINE BANK; ATLANTIC COD/ AB This study examines potential interactions among the environmental variables likely to affect larval walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma feeding in the sea. Walleye pollock larvae were sampled from Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, and from the eastern Bering Sea, with corresponding environmental data. Variables used in our study were time spent feeding, seawater temperature, light, prey density, wind speed and standard length of the larvae. We applied an additivity test to detect the presence of potential interactions among these variables and adopted an expansion of generalized additive models (GAMs) that allowed the inclusion of interaction terms in a non-parametric regression analysis. After testing all possible 2-way interactions among these variables, we found 4 significant terms: (1) time feeding-standard length, (2) temperature-light, (3) light-wind speed and (4) prey density-standard length. The most influential interaction term was the light-wind speed interaction, which caused a decrease of the model-generalized cross-validation (GCV, whereby lower values indicate more parsimonious models) from 0.0402 (for a model with all variables but no interaction term) to 0.0290 (for a model with all variables and this interaction), and an increase of the model explained variance by 7% (R-2 = 0.89 versus 0.82). This result indicates that the effect of wind speed (turbulence) on larval walleye pollock feeding is dependent upon the amount of light available. This may be due to vertical movements in the water column by both walleye pollock larvae and their prey in response to turbulence. C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Porter, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.porter@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 302 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps302207 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 990NH UT WOS:000233750000017 ER PT J AU Herman, DP Burrows, DG Wade, PR Durban, JW Matkin, CO LeDuc, RG Barrett-Lennard, LG Krahn, MM AF Herman, DP Burrows, DG Wade, PR Durban, JW Matkin, CO LeDuc, RG Barrett-Lennard, LG Krahn, MM TI Feeding ecology of eastern North Pacific killer whales Orcinus orca from fatty acid, stable isotope, and organochlorine analyses of blubber biopsies SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE feeding ecology; killer whale; biopsy sampling; stable isotopes; fatty acids; organochlorines; pollutants; Pacific Ocean ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MARINE FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; DELTA-N-15 MEASUREMENTS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARBON-ISOTOPE; MINKE WHALES; HARBOR SEALS AB Blubber biopsy samples from eastern North Pacific killer whales Orcinus orca were analyzed for fatty acids, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and organochlorine contaminants. Fatty acid profiles were sufficiently distinct among the 3 reported ecotypes ('resident,' 'transient' or 'offshore') to enable individual animals to be correctly classified by ecotype and also by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype. Profiles of PCBs also enabled unambiguous classification of all 3 killer whale ecotypes, but stable isotope values lacked sufficient resolution. Fatty acid, stable isotope and PCB profiles of the resident and transient ecotypes were consistent with those expected for these whales based on their reported dietary preferences (fish for resident whales, marine mammals for transients). In addition, these ecotype profiles exhibited broad similarity across geographical regions, suggesting that the dietary specialization reported for resident and transient whales in the well-studied eastern North Pacific populations also extends to the less-studied killer whales in the western Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. Killer whales of the same ecotype were also grouped by region of sample collection. The mean stable isotope ratios of various regional groups differed considerably, suggesting that the prey preferences of these North Pacific killer whales may be both region and ecotype specific. Furthermore, 3 specific ecotypes of killer whales were found to have measured stable isotope values that were consistent with dietary preferences reported in the literature. Finally, although the offshore population had blubber fatty acid profiles implicating fish as its primary prey, contaminant and stable isotope results were equally congruent with predation on marine mammals. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. RP Herman, DP (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM david.herman@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 72 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 302 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps302275 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 990NH UT WOS:000233750000022 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, MW AF Williams, DE Miller, MW TI Coral disease outbreak: pattern, prevalence and transmission in Acropora cervicornis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coralliophila abbreviata; predator; transmission experiment; vector; whiteband disease ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; REEFS; PALMATA; EVENTS AB A rapidly progressing disease outbreak affecting Acropora cervicornis (staghorn coral) was recently observed over a wide geographic range (>200 km) in the Florida Keys, USA. Original observations made at White Bank Dry Rocks revealed colonies with tissue rapidly sloughing from multifocal lesions. Over the course of the epizootic at least 72 % of tagged colonies were affected, live tissue cover of these colonies decreased from 96 1 % to 12 5 % (mean SE), and 28 % of the colonies suffered complete mortality. Observed rates of tissue loss were highly variable, ranging from 2 to 43 cm(2) d(-1), but the mean was a rapid 13 +/- 11 cm(2) d(-1) or about 4 cm branch length d(-1). Field experiments demonstrate that this disease is transmissible not only by direct contact between affected and healthy staghorn coral tissue but also by the corallivorous snail Coralliophila abbreviata. The disease was also transmissible, although less effectively so, to the congener A. palmata (elkhorn coral). No transmission was observed in indirect contact treatments designed to simulate diver interaction. Transmissibility implies that the condition is indeed a biotic disease and the demonstration of effective vector transmission suggests that predation may exacerbate disease outbreaks in remnant Caribbean acroporid populations, further impeding their potential recovery. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 301 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.3354/meps301119 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 988CT UT WOS:000233569700010 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Heintz, RA Marty, GD Rice, SD AF Carls, MG Heintz, RA Marty, GD Rice, SD TI Cytochrome P4501A induction in oil-exposed pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha embryos predicts reduced survival potential SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P4501A induction; PAH; bioindicator; biomarker; embryo exposure; pink salmon; marine survival; abnormalities ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; JUVENILE PINK; FISH EMBRYOS; CHUM SALMON; SELECTIVE PREDATION; SPILL; GROWTH; DAMAGE AB Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction in pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha embryos exposed to crude oil is linked to adverse effects at cellular, organism and population levels, and can be used to predict these responses. When combined with the results of an experiment designed to examine CYP1A induction during embryonic stages and growth after emergence, results from a series of experiments spanning 4 other brood years demonstrated that CYP1A induction is related to a variety of lethal and sublethal effects, including poorer marine survival, reduced growth and abnormalities. The lowest observed effective concentration of total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) in water that caused significant physiological responses, including reduced size 6 mo after exposure ended (<0.94 mu g l(-1)), was less than the lowest concentration that caused significant CYP1A induction (<3.7 mu g l(-1)). Thus, CYP1A induction is not only a biomarker, it can be considered a bioindicator; induction in early life stages implies long-term negative consequences for the individual and the population. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 301 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.3354/meps301253 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 988CT UT WOS:000233569700021 ER PT J AU Hovel, KA Fonseca, MS AF Hovel, KA Fonseca, MS TI Influence of seagrass landscape structure on the juvenile blue crab habitat-survival function SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE habitat structure; blue crab; habitat fragmentation; seagrass; habitat-survival function ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; TEMPERATE REEF FISH; NORTH-CAROLINA; PATCH SIZE; INFAUNAL BIVALVE; FORAGING SUCCESS; AMERICAN LOBSTER; BREEDING BIRDS; BAY SCALLOPS AB Organismal survival in marine habitats is often positively correlated with habitat structural complexity at local (within-patch) spatial scales. Far less is known, however, about how marine habitat structure at the landscape scale influences predation and other ecological processes, and in particular, how these processes are dictated by the interactive effect of habitat structure at local and landscape scales. The relationship between survival and habitat structure can be modeled with the habitat-survival function (HSF), which often takes on linear, hyperbolic, or sigmoid forms, We used tethering experiments to determine how seagrass landscape structure influenced the HSF for juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. Crabs were tethered in artificial seagrass plots of 7 different shoot densities embedded within small (1 - 3 m(2)) or large (< 100 m(2)) seagrass patches (October 1999), and within 10 x 10 m landscapes containing patchy (< 50 % cover) or continuous (> 90 % cover) seagrass (July 2000). Overall, crab survival was higher in small than in large patches, and was higher in patchy than in continuous seagrass. The HSF was hyperbolic in large patches and in continuous seagrass, indicating that at low levels of habitat structure, relatively small increases in structure resulted in substantial increases in juvenile blue crab survival. However, the HSF was linear in small seagrass patches in 1999 and was parabolic in patchy seagrass in 2000. A sigmoid HSF, in which a threshold level of seagrass structure is required for crab survival, was never observed. Patchy seagrass landscapes are valuable refuges for juvenile blue crabs, and the effects of seagrass structural complexity on crab survival can only be fully understood when habitat structure at larger scales is considered. C1 NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hovel, KA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM hovel@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 68 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 300 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.3354/meps300179 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 976EF UT WOS:000232714900016 ER PT J AU Sherman, K Sissenwine, M Christensen, V Duda, A Hempel, G Ibe, C Levin, S Lluch-Belda, D Matishov, G McGlade, J O'Toole, M Seitzinger, S Serra, R Skjoldal, HR Tang, Q Thulin, J Vandeweerd, V Zwanenburg, K AF Sherman, K Sissenwine, M Christensen, V Duda, A Hempel, G Ibe, C Levin, S Lluch-Belda, D Matishov, G McGlade, J O'Toole, M Seitzinger, S Serra, R Skjoldal, HR Tang, Q Thulin, J Vandeweerd, V Zwanenburg, K TI A global movement toward an ecosystem approach to management of marine resources SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID SHELF; SUSTAINABILITY; INPUTS; WATER C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Director Sci Programs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Berater Prasidenten Senats Wissenschaftlsslandort, D-28195 Bremen, Germany. United Nat Ind Dev Org, Accra, Ghana. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Politecn Nacl, CICMAR, La Paz 23096, Bolivia. Russian Acad Sci, Murmansk Marine Biol Inst, Rostov Na Donu 344066, Russia. European Environm Agcy, DK-1050 Copenhagen, Denmark. Benguela Current LME Programme, Coordinat Unit, Windhoek, Namibia. State Univ New Jersey, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Inst Fomento Pesquero, Casilla, Chile. Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway. Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. ICES, DK-1261 Copenhagen, Denmark. UNEP, NL-2500 BE The Hague, Netherlands. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A4, Canada. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kenneth.sherman@noaa.gov RI Christensen, Villy/C-3945-2009 OI Christensen, Villy/0000-0003-0688-2633 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 300 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 976EF UT WOS:000232714900029 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA De Robertis, A Zabel, RW AF Morgan, CA De Robertis, A Zabel, RW TI Columbia River plume fronts. I. Hydrography, zooplankton distribution, and community composition SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE frontal regions; zooplankton distribution; community structure; Columbia River plume ID NEGATIVE BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LARVAL INVERTEBRATES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BERING-SEA; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB Well-defined fronts develop at the leading edge of the Columbia River (USA) plume. Convergent flow at these frontal boundaries may concentrate zooplanktonic organisms, which may in turn increase local prey availability to planktivorous fishes. In May 2001 and 2002, we compared the density, biomass and community structure of planktonic and neustonic zooplankton among plume fronts, low-salinity plume waters, and within the more saline, coastal marine waters. Fronts were characterized by distinct color discontinuities and high wave energy and were usually accompanied by foam and flotsam. The surface manifestation of the fronts was narrow and formed a thin tens of warm, low-salinity water overlying colder and more saline shelf waters. Overall, neither zooplankton nor neuston densities were higher in frontal regions, However, some zooplankton taxa were more abundant at fronts, and plankton biomass was 4 to 47 times higher in the frontal regions than in the neighboring plume and more oceanic shelf waters. The zooplankton community in the front habitat was distinct, particularly in the near-surface neuston, and was comprised of more surface-oriented organisms compared to the adjacent ocean and plume waters. We conclude that convergence zones at frontal regions at the leading edge of the Columbia River plume concentrate organisms that, either through active swimming or positive buoyancy, are maintained near the surface. Time scales of these fronts are much shorter than generation times in these organisms and therefore we believe that the observed changes in biomass and community composition in the front habitat are due to physical concentrating mechanisms and not to in situ growth. Increased zooplankton biomass at plume fronts may provide a unique and valuable food resource for planktivorous fishes, including juvenile salmonids as they transition from freshwater to the ocean environment. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cheryl.morgan@oregonstate.edu RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 299 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.3354/meps299019 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 972RA UT WOS:000232469700003 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Morgan, CA Schabetsberger, RA Zabel, RW Brodeur, RD Emmett, RL Knight, CM Krutzikowsky, GK Casillas, E AF De Robertis, A Morgan, CA Schabetsberger, RA Zabel, RW Brodeur, RD Emmett, RL Knight, CM Krutzikowsky, GK Casillas, E TI Columbia River plume fronts. II. Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of juvenile salmon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE frontal regions; juvenile salmon; distribution; feeding habits; Columbia River plume ID NEGATIVE BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; ESTUARINE FRONTS; COASTAL WATERS; FISH; PACIFIC; ACCUMULATION; RECRUITMENT; CHRONOLOGY; MORTALITY AB Well-defined fronts develop at the seaward edge of riverine plumes where suspended materials and planktonic organisms are concentrated by convergent water flows. Riverine plume fronts have been hypothesized to be favorable fish habitats because they can lead to localized prey aggregations. We examined the spatial distribution of juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. in and around plankton-rich frontal regions of the Columbia River plume to test the hypothesis that juvenile salmonids aggregate at riverine plume fronts to feed. Juvenile salmonids tended to be abundant in the frontal and plume regions compared to the more marine shelf waters, but this pattern differed among specie's and was not consistent across the 2 study years. Stomach fullness tended to be higher in the more marine shelf waters than either the front or plume areas, which does not support the hypothesis that salmonids consistently ingest more prey at frontal regions. Many prey organisms were disproportionately abundant at these fronts, but salmon stomach-content analysis did not reveal higher stomach contents at fronts or identify prey groups indicative of feeding in the frontal areas. Although our results indicate that the Columbia River plume influences the distributions of juvenile salmon, our observations do not support the hypothesis that juvenile salmonids congregate to feed at fronts at the leading edge of the Columbia River plume. The short persistence time of these fronts may prevent juvenile salmon from exploiting these food-rich, but ephemeral, features. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Salzburg Univ, Zool Inst, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Winfrith Technol Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Dorchester DT2 8ZD, Dorset, England. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 299 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.3354/meps299033 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 972RA UT WOS:000232469700004 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Emmett, RL Morgan, CA Casillas, E AF Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Emmett, RL Morgan, CA Casillas, E TI Species composition and community structure of pelagic nekton off Oregon and Washington under variable oceanographic conditions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE pelagic nekton; assemblages; habitat; coastal upwelling; multivariate analyses; North Pacific Ocean; juvenile salmon ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; 1997-98 EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; TRANSITION ZONE; COLD HALOCLINE; COASTAL OCEAN; RIVER PLUME; LA-NINA AB Dramatic changes in the physical and biological conditions off Washington and Oregon, USA, have occurred since 1998, including extreme El Nino (warm) and La Nina (cool) years, high and low Columbia River flow years, a major intrusion of subarctic water, and a low oxygen event on the shelf. The occurrence of contrasting environmental conditions provided an excellent opportunity to examine pelagic nekton distributions and their abiotic and biotic associations. Pelagic surface trawl surveys conducted during June and September from 1998 to 2002 off northern Washington to central Oregon revealed a nekton community dominated by Pacific herring (33.5 % of total catch), Pacific sardines (29.9%), and northern anchovy (12.3%). Between 1998 and 2002, species composition shifted from a community dominated by southern species (mackerels and hake) to one dominated by northern species (squid, smelts, and salmon), but the transition was gradual, and small pelagic species (sardines, herring, and anchovy) showed no consistent trends in abundance over time. Species diversity/evenness was highest in September 2002. Cluster analysis identified 7 species and 6 station clusters. Subyearling Chinook salmon, market squid, Pacific sardine, yearling coho salmon, and Pacific saury were the strongest indicator species for 5 of these cluster groups. Cluster group distributions differed between both inshore/offshore and north/south. A 3-dimensional ordination explained 55 % of the total variance with bottom depth, distance from shore, and sea-surface temperature correlated with the first axis, latitude with the second axis, and surface salinity, surface density and stability with the third axis. Our results suggest that the habitats occupied by pelagic nekton species expand and contract in relation to the dynamic nature of the California Current and are affected by changing ocean conditions at both seasonal and interannual periodicities. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 56 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 298 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.3354/meps298041 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 964UD UT WOS:000231905600004 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Friedlander, AM Holzwarth, SR AF DeMartini, EE Friedlander, AM Holzwarth, SR TI Size at sex change in protogynous labroids, prey body size distributions, and apex predator densities at NW Hawaiian atolls SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE apex predation; population density; prey body size distribution; protogynous sex change; labroids; NW Hawaiian Islands ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; REEF FISH POPULATIONS; MARINE RESERVE; SHALLOW; MATURATION; ABUNDANCE; ISLANDS; GROWTH; NORTHWESTERN; PARROTFISHES AB Body sizes at protogynous (sequential, female-to-male) sex change are described for 8 species of labroid fishes (4 labrids, 4 scarids) based on in situ diver observations of the sizes of sex-related color morphs for populations at atolls in the NW Hawaiian Islands. Sizes at sex change are deduced from the median overlap in size distributions of initial phase (IP: female or female and precocious male) and terminal phase (TP) male individuals for each labroid species and from the median sizes of transitional morph individuals of the endemic, spectacled parrotfish Chlorurus perspicillatus. Relative (to maximum) sizes at sex change vary significantly among 4 major species and, within these species, among the 6 reef populations, a finding that contrasts with a recent model of invariant relative size at sex change in protogynous fishes. Overall median size at sex change is compared to the density of a large carangid (giant trevally Caranx ignobilis, the biomass-dominant apex predator) and to that of the respective labroid species population at each atoll. Size at sex change is inversely related to the density of giant trevally but not meaningfully related to the density of the respective labroid population. The size distributions of the labroids-like those of all other prey reef fishes-are strongly skewed toward smaller and larger fish at atolls with higher and lower densities, respectively, of giant trevally. Altogether these observations strongly suggest that higher mortality from predation at greater predator densities, rather than slower growth rates under greater intraspecific competition at higher prey densities, is the cause of the observed differences among atolls in prey attributes. We suggest that prey body size distribution can potentially provide a sensitive measure, complementary to predator density, for assessing changes in the abundance of apex predators on coral reefs. Phenotypic indices of size at sex change from adult female to male in sexually dimorphic labroids with striking differences in coloration (that facilitate underwater observations) have great potential as non-destructive alternatives to gonad examination requiring specimen sacrifice. Labroid color change thus represents a potentially useful index for assessing changes in the functional structure of coral reef fish assemblages and reef ecosystems. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Program, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 297 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.3354/meps297259 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 962GK UT WOS:000231718800022 ER PT J AU Hirst, AG Peterson, WT Rothery, P AF Hirst, AG Peterson, WT Rothery, P TI Errors in juvenile copepod growth rate estimates are widespread: problems with the Moult Rate method SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE copepod; moult rate; growth; error; stage duration; mortality ID BENGUELA UPWELLING SYSTEM; MARINE PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; SEA-OF-JAPAN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EGG-PRODUCTION; INLAND-SEA; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; CALANOID COPEPOD; EUTROPHIC INLET; NORTHERN CHILE AB The 'Moult Rate' (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method is wrong and, consequently, large errors in juvenile growth rate estimates are widespread. The equation derives growth from the mean weight of 2 consecutive stages (i and i + 1) and the duration of stage i. The weight change and the period to which this change is attributed are, therefore, offset. We explore this potential source of error in the MR method critically. Errors arise as a result of 2 primary factors: (1) unequal durations of successive stages and (2) unequal rates of growth of successive stages. The method of deriving the mean weight (arithmetic or geometric) also has an impact and is examined. Using a steady-state assumption, a range of scenarios and the errors that arise are examined. The literature is then reviewed and the size of errors resulting from MR method application in both field and laboratory situations is estimated. Our results suggest that the MR method can lead to large errors in growth estimation in any stage, but some stages are particularly prone. Errors for the C5 stage are often large because the following stage (the adult) does not moult, and has a different rate of body weight increase. For the same reason, errors are also great where the following stage is not actively moulting (e.g. when diapausing). In these circumstances, published work has commonly greatly underestimated growth. For example, MR growth ranges from 11 to 47 % of the value derived correctly for this stage, g(i)_(corr) (calculated assuming the non-moulting stage does not grow). In late stages that are followed by actively moulting stages, the MR method has commonly given values in excess of 150% of g(i_corr) but underestimation also occurs, with values < 90 % of g(i_corr) We propose new methods and equations that overcome these problems. These equations are written with and without within-stage mortality included. The equations are relatively insensitive to mortality rates within the range found in the field, but only provided that the stage duration is not determined from moult rate. Stage duration estimates obtained from measuring moulting rates of field-collected animals are very sensitive to mortality rates of the animals prior to capture, and field mortality rates are often high enough to produce dramatic over-estimation of stage duration. C1 British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 03T, England. Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NERC, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Huntingdon PE28 2LS, Cambs, England. RP Hirst, AG (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 03T, England. EM aghi@bas.ac.uk RI Hirst, Andrew/A-6296-2013 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 296 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.3354/meps296263 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 957JI UT WOS:000231365700023 ER PT J AU Keister, JE Johnson, TB Morgan, CA Peterson, WT AF Keister, JE Johnson, TB Morgan, CA Peterson, WT TI Biological indicators of the timing and direction of warm-water advection during the 1997/1998 El Nino off the central Oregon coast, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nyctiphanes simplex; El Nino; Euphausids; Sagitta spp.; range extension; advection; oregon; zooplankton ID EUPHAUSIID NYCTIPHANES-SIMPLEX; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ZOOPLANKTON; PACIFIC; EVENTS; BAY AB Unusual collections of several euphausiid, chaetognath, and copepod species help elucidate the effects of the strong 1997/1998 El Nino off the central Oregon, USA, coast. Furcilia of Nyctiphanes simplex, a euphausiid typically found only as far north as central California, were collected in bi-weekly nearshore samples between December 1997 and November 1998. N. simplex was reported in summer 1998 as far north as the northern tip of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (51 degrees N); our bi-weekly collections off Oregon allow us to use that species to help resolve the timing of arrival and disappearance of the biological signal of the El Nino, which was delayed by several months beyond the physical signal. Additionally, 2 species of euphausiid (Euphausia recurva and E. mutica), 2 species of chaetognath (Sagitta pseudoserratodentata and S. hexaptera), and 1 copepod (Centropages bradyi) that have never before been reported in coastal Oregon waters were collected in samples taken between 28 and 103 km off Oregon during the 1997/1998 El Nino. The 1997/1998 El Nino was one of the strongest on record and the occurrence of the unusual species may indicate the extent of the northward and onshore advection of warm water into the study area. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Ctr Int Cooperat, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keister, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jkeister@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012 OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.3354/meps295043 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800004 ER PT J AU Hyland, J Balthis, L Karakassis, I Magni, P Petrov, A Shine, J Vestergaard, O Warwick, R AF Hyland, J Balthis, L Karakassis, I Magni, P Petrov, A Shine, J Vestergaard, O Warwick, R TI Organic carbon content of sediments as an indicator of stress in the marine benthos SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE marine benthos; total organic carbon; TOC; benthic-TOC relationships; ecological indicators; pollution impacts; benthic species richness ID SIEVE MESH-SIZE; SOUTHEASTERN US; MACROFAUNA; ESTUARIES; FISH; CONTAMINATION; MACROBENTHOS; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY AB While organic matter in sediments is an important source of food for benthic fauna, an overabundance can cause reductions in species richness, abundance, and biomass due to oxygen depletion and buildup of toxic by-products (ammonia and sulphide) associated with the breakdown of these materials. Moreover, increasing organic content of sediment is often accompanied by other chemical stressors co-varying with sediment particle size. In the present study, synoptic data on the structure of macroinfaunal communities and total organic carbon (TOC) content of sediment were obtained from 951 stations representing 7 coastal regions of the world: the northern Black Sea (Crimean and Caucasian coasts); eastern Mediterranean Sea (Greece); North Sea (Ekofisk oil field); Firth of Clyde and Liverpool Bay, UK; Seto Inland Sea, Japan; Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay, USA and estuaries of the southeastern USA. Macroinfaunal and TOC data were examined to look for patterns of association consistent with conceptual model predictions and to identify TOC critical points corresponding to major shifts in the benthic data. Species richness, Hurlbert's E(S-n), was selected as the primary response parameter. Results suggested that risks of reduced species richness from organic loading and other associated stressors in sediments should be relatively low at TOC concentrations less than about 10 mg g(-1), high at concentrations greater than about 35 mg g(-1), and intermediate at concentrations in between. Predictive ability across these ranges was high based on results of re-sampling simulation. While not a measure of causality, it is anticipated that these TOC critical points may be used as a general screening-level indicator for evaluating the likelihood of reduced sediment quality and associated bioeffects over broad coastal areas receiving organic wastes and other pollutants from human activities. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Marine Ecol Lab, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. IMC Int Marine Ctr, I-09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Biol So Seas, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02125 USA. UN, Educ Sci & Cultural Org, Intergovern Oceanog Commiss, F-75732 Paris, France. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP Hyland, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jeff.hyland@noaa.gov RI Karakassis, Ioannis/D-9541-2011; Magni, Paolo/F-2691-2012; Petrov, Alexei/F-7084-2016 OI Karakassis, Ioannis/0000-0001-8799-4375; Magni, Paolo/0000-0001-5955-6829; Petrov, Alexei/0000-0002-0137-486X NR 59 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 5 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.3354/meps295091 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800009 ER PT J AU Vermeij, MJA AF Vermeij, MJA TI Substrate composition and adult distribution determme recruitment patterns in a Caribbean brooding coral SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Siderastrea radians; Florida Keys; recruitment; mortality; regulation; density dependence ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SIDERASTREA-RADIANS; POSTSETTLEMENT MORTALITY; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HELIOPORA-COERULEA; HERMATYPIC CORALS; SCLERACTINIA AB This study demonstrates the interactive effect of both substrate composition and adult presence on recruitment and mortality patterns of the earliest life stages in the coral Siderastrea radians in the Florida Keys. Low substrate complexity on a wreck (the 'Benwood') facilitated the location and identification of recently settled coral recruits (< 1 min). Increased adult cover and changes in substrate composition (mainly the presence of crustose coralline algae) enhanced local recruitment, indicating that positive changes in substrate composition acted as an important factor enhancing coral recruitment. Spatial differences in the number of arriving recruits dictated future patterns in local population density as mortality probabilities did not vary spatially. S. radians populations showed the potential to be regulated in a density-dependent manner as suitable settlement substrate was, or could become, limited by (1) its natural availability or (2) preemption by growing adults. Adult removal resulted in a 46% decrease in local (< 1 m(2)) recruitment, indicating that S. radians populations were facultatively closed at this spatial scale. Therefore, the S. radians/Benwood system allows for a detailed description of the processes that create structure in coral populations. Defining the relative contribution of processes that are important in shaping coral population structure contrasts with the more common approach in which only the pattern that results from them is quantified. A process-based approach will allow for a more rigorous investigation of coral population dynamics with obvious benefits for coral reef science and conservation. C1 NOAA, SE Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vermeij, MJA (reprint author), NOAA, SE Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mark.vermeij@seaegg.org RI Vermeij, Mark/B-2752-2013 OI Vermeij, Mark/0000-0001-9612-9527 NR 63 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.3354/meps295123 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800012 ER PT J AU Swimmer, Y Arauz, R Higgins, B McNaughton, L McCracken, M Ballestero, J Brill, R AF Swimmer, Y Arauz, R Higgins, B McNaughton, L McCracken, M Ballestero, J Brill, R TI Food color and marine turtle feeding behavior: Can blue bait reduce turtle bycatch in commercial fisheries? SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE sea turtle fisheries interactions; bait color; sea turtle bycatch mitigation ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; LOGGERHEAD; CATCH AB We conducted laboratory and field experiments to investigate the behavioral responses of Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii and loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta to whole squid dyed different colors. Our ultimate goal was to identify bait modifications that could reduce the interaction of turtles with longline fishing gear. In captivity, both turtle species clearly preferred untreated squid over squid that had been dyed dark blue. Loggerhead turtles also preferred untreated squid over red-dyed squid, whereas Kemp's ridley showed the opposite response. Field trials of blue-dyed bait were conducted on commercial fishing boats in the Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, where the incidental capture of olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea is high (long-term average, approximately 7 turtles per 1000 hooks). We found no differences in rates of turtle interactions (8.4 and 8.1 individuals per 1000 hooks) when using untreated versus blue-dyed baits. Although effective in laboratory settings with captive turtles, dyeing bait does not appear to have potential as an effective mitigation measure to reduce sea turtle bycatch in longline fisheries. C1 Pacific Island Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. PRETOMA, San Jose, Costa Rica. Sea Turtle Restorat Program, San Jose, Costa Rica. Galveston Sea Turtle Facil, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), Pacific Island Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yonat.swimmer@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.3354/meps295273 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800024 ER PT J AU Johnston, DW Westgate, AJ Read, AJ AF Johnston, DW Westgate, AJ Read, AJ TI Effects of fine-scale oceanographic features on the distribution and movements of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the Bay of Fundy SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE harbour porpoise; foraging; fine-scale oceanography; island wake; satellite telemetry; line transects; remote sensing ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; NORTH PACIFIC; HOME RANGES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; STOMACH CONTENTS; COASTAL WATERS; BASKING SHARKS; UNITED-STATES AB We describe an integrative approach to studying the fine-scale distribution of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the Bay of Fundy, using satellite telemetry, line transect surveys and remote sensing techniques. Analysis of satellite telemetry data from 6 porpoises (5 male, I female) revealed that over the course of a month individuals ranged across large areas (7738 to 11289 km(2)) but concentrated their movements in small focal regions (August mean = 294 km(2), September mean = 252 km(2)), often proximate to islands, headlands, or restricted channels. Line transect surveys (n = 25 flood tide, n = 20 ebb tide) in the focal region of 2 tagged animals revealed that relative porpoise density (animals km(-2)) was significantly greater during flood (9.59) than ebb tide phases (1.79). Hydro-acoustic prey surveys revealed aggregations of prey along localized fronts in this region. Remote sensing images indicated the presence of an island wake in the focal region during flood tides, providing an ecological context for our observations of high densities of porpoises. Remote sensing revealed the existence of a headland wake in the focal region of another porpoise near Campobello Island. These results support the hypothesis that regions of enhanced relative vorticity, like island and headland wakes, aggregate prey and represent important foraging habitat for harbour porpoises in the Bay of Fundy. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Johnston, DW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dave.johnston@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.3354/meps295279 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800025 ER PT J AU Palsboll, PJ Berube, M Anderson, EC Dunham, KK AF Palsboll, PJ Berube, M Anderson, EC Dunham, KK TI High levels of statistical uncertainty in 'gametic' recapture estimates of male abundance in humpback whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Palsboll, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulfold Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM palsboll@berkeley.edu RI Palsboll, Per /G-6988-2011 OI Palsboll, Per /0000-0002-4198-7599 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.3354/meps295305 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947UC UT WOS:000230671800027 ER PT J AU Womble, JN Willson, MF Sigler, MF Kelly, BP VanBlaricom, GR AF Womble, JN Willson, MF Sigler, MF Kelly, BP VanBlaricom, GR TI Distribution of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in relation to spring-spawning fish in SE Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; Pacific herring; Clupea pallasii; Eulachon; Thaleichthys pacificus; SE Alaska; forage fishes; spawning aggregations ID EULACHON THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; HAUL-OUT USE; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ENERGY DENSITY; AUKE BAY; PREY; GULF; REPRODUCTION AB Energetic demands are high for Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus during spring, when females are pregnant and lactating and males are preparing for extended lasts on breeding territories. Therefore, we predicted that the distribution of sea lions in SE Alaska in spring would be influenced by the distribution of spring spawning aggregations of high-energy prey species (Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus). The spatial distribution of sea lions during spring reflected the distribution of spawning eulachon in northern Southeast Alaska, particularly in Lynn Canal and along the Yakutat forelands. Haulouts with peak numbers of sea lions in spring were located significantly closer to eulachon spawning sites than haulouts that peaked at other times of year. Some haulouts were occupied only during the eulachon spawning period. The maximum number of sea lions at haulouts in spring was inversely correlated with the distance to the closest eulachon aggregation and was positively associated with the number of eulachon within 20 kin. Aerial surveys conducted every 7 to 10 d during March through May in 2002 and 2003 revealed large numbers of sea lions in the water at herring spawning sites in 2002 and 2003; however, there were no significant relationships between the number of herring spawning sites and number of sea lions (except at distances > 60 km). The number of sea lions was greater at herring spawning sites in 2003, corresponding to higher herring biomass. Seasonally aggregated, high-energy prey species influence the seasonal distribution of sea lions and may be critical to their reproductive success. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Womble, JN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jamie.womble@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 294 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.3354/meps294271 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 943XA UT WOS:000230387600023 ER PT J AU Martin, GB Thorrold, SR AF Martin, GB Thorrold, SR TI Temperature and salinity effects on magnesium, manganese, and barium incorporation in otoliths of larval and early juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE otolith chemistry; temperature; salinity; magnesium; manganese; barium ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; WATERBORNE STRONTIUM; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROLS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NURSERY AREAS; BLUEFIN TUNA; MARINE FISH; COMMON CARP AB The use of otolith chemistry to delineate fish populations and trace migration pathways is premised on a significant correlation between the elemental composition of otoliths and physicochemical properties of the ambient environment. However, few experiments have been rigorously designed to address the effects of temperature and salinity on the elemental composition of otoliths. We examined the effects of temperature and salinity on the incorporation of magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and barium (Ba) in the otoliths of larval and early juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus by rearing fish in the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions. L. xanthurus are an estuarine dependent species that traverse varying temperature and salinity regimes throughout their life histories. It is important, therefore, to understand the influence of physicochemical properties of different water masses before attempting to reconstruct important life history transitions based on variations in otolith chemistry. Both [Mg/Ca](otolith) and the Mg partition coefficient, D-Mg, were not significantly affected by either temperature or salinity, but were correlated with otolith precipitation and somatic growth rates. Temperature and salinity had significant interaction effects on D-Mn, but not on [Mn/Ca](otolith). Finally, D-Ba was influenced by salinity but not temperature. These results highlight the complex nature of elemental deposition in otoliths, and suggest that both environmental and physiological effects likely influence elemental ratios in fish otoliths. C1 NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martin, GB (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM gretchen.bath.martin@noaa.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 NR 50 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 293 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 943WY UT WOS:000230387400021 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Spencer, ML Sogard, SM Stoner, AW AF Hurst, TP Spencer, ML Sogard, SM Stoner, AW TI Compensatory growth, energy storage and behavior of juvenile Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis following thermally induced growth reduction SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific halibut; Hippoglossus stenolepis; thermal variation; compensatory growth; energy storage; behavior ID ATLANTIC SALMON; INTRINSIC GROWTH; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; STRIPED BASS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; ACQUISITION RATES; TRADE-OFFS; TEMPERATURE; FISHES; ALASKA AB For fishes settling over wide areas, spatial temperature variation can have a significant impact on growth rates during the early juvenile period. Size variation within cohorts and across years will depend on the thermal sensitivity of growth rate, the ability to move to favorable growth environments, and the potential to compensate for periods of reduced growth. We examined the growth, behavior and energy storage responses of juvenile Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis exposed to a thermally induced reduction in growth. Halibut reared for 12 wk at 2 degrees C then acclimated to and grown at 10 degrees C (delayed treatment) were compared to fish reared continuously at 10 degrees C (controls). Growth rates at 2 degrees C were 25% of those at 10 degrees C, resulting in a 2.4-fold difference in mass after 12 wk. Following acclimation to 10 degrees C, specific growth rates of delayed fish were 20% higher than controls. Complete compensation would have required 35 wk, assuming maintenance of observed growth rate differences between treatments. Rapid growth during the compensation phase was probably due in part to a reduction in the allocation of energy to lipid storage: length-corrected lipid levels of delayed fish were 14% lower than levels among control fish. Behavioral observations indicated that growth compensating fish were more active than control fish; this is assumed to reflect increased foraging activity. However, when presented with food, growth-compensating halibut did not initiate feeding more rapidly than control fish. The predation and starvation risks associated with increased activity and decreased energy storage appear to represent trade-offs with rapid compensatory growth in juvenile halibut. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Hatfield Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Hatfield Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 293 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.3354/meps293233 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 943WY UT WOS:000230387400022 ER PT J AU Caldarone, EM AF Caldarone, EM TI Estimating growth in haddock larvae Melanogrammus aeglefinus from RNA : DNA ratios and water temperature SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE RNA : DNA ratio; growth; haddock; larvae; nutritional condition; nucleic acids; fluorometric microplate assay; temperature effects ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; MARINE FISH LARVAE; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; RNA/DNA RATIOS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN PORTUGAL; GEORGES-BANK; ACID AB Five biochemically based variables (RNA, DNA, protein content, RNA:DNA [R:D] ratio, protein:DNA [pro:DNA] ratio) were evaluated as potential indirect measures of growth in larval haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae were reared in the laboratory from hatch to 47 d post-hatch under temperature (T)-controlled conditions (6, 8, and 10 degrees C) and, to produce a variety of growth rates, were starved or reared at 1 of 3 prey levels. The nucleic acid content of the larvae was measured with a spectrofluorometric microplate assay, and the protein-specific growth rate (SGR,% d(-1)) was estimated from the difference in mean protein content between consecutive sampling intervals. Larval haddock growth rate was best described by R:D or pro:DNA ratios. The growth models developed were: SGR = 4.61R:D + 1.18T - 17.31 (R-2 = 0.52) and SGR = 0.92 pro:DNA + 1.10T - 24.97 (R-2 = 0.52). These models can be used to estimate recent growth of larval haddock collected from both the laboratory and field. A combined haddock/Atlantic cod Gadus morhua growth model was calculated as: SGR = 4.67R:D + 0.96T - 15.30 (R-2 = 0.45). This model will be used to estimate recent growth of haddock and cod larvae collected during a multi-year field sampling effort on Georges Bank. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Caldarone, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM elaine.caldarone@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 293 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.3354/meps293241 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 943WY UT WOS:000230387400023 ER PT J AU Gerrodette, T Forcada, J AF Gerrodette, T Forcada, J TI Non-recovery of two spotted and spinner dolphin populations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bycatch; tuna-dolphin issue; abundance.; Eastern tropical Pacific; Stenella attenuata; Stenella longirostris; population recovery; fishery interactions ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; PURSE-SEINE FISHERY; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; INCIDENTAL KILL; SCHOOL SIZE; TUNA; ATTENUATA; ABUNDANCE; VESSEL AB Populations of northeastern offshore spotted dolphins Stenella attenuata attenuata and eastern spinner dolphins S. longirostris orientalis have been reduced because the dolphins are bycatch in the purse-seine fishery for yellowfin tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (the 'tuna-dolphin issue'). Abundance and trends of these dolphin stocks were assessed from 12 large-scale pelagic surveys carried out between 1979 and 2000. Estimates of abundance were based on a multivariate linetransect analysis, using covariates to model the detection process and group size. Current estimates of abundance are about 640 000 northeastern offshore spotted dolphins (CV = 0.17) and 450 000 eastern spinner dolphins (CV = 0.23). For the whole period from 1979 to 2000, annual estimates of abundance ranged from 494 000 to 954 000 for northeastern offshore spotted dolphins and from 271000 to 734 000 for eastern spinner dolphins. Management actions by USA and international fishing agencies over 3 decades have successfully reduced dolphin bycatch by 2 orders of magnitude, yet neither stock is showing clear signs of recovery. Possible reasons include underreporting of dolphin bycatch, effects of chase and encirclement on dolphin survival and reproduction, longterm changes in the ecosystem, and effects of other species on spotted and spinner dolphin population dynamics. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov NR 92 TC 55 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 291 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.3354/meps291001 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 934HH UT WOS:000229699400001 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM AF Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM TI Landscape dynamics and resulting species interactions: the cod-capelin system in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific cod; capelin; Bering Sea; predator-prey overlap; landscape ecology ID MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGY; EXAMPLE; PATTERN; FISHES; TRENDS; SCALE AB Capelin area major component of cod diet in many ecosystems of the North Atlantic. In the Bering Sea, however, the percentage of capelin found in Pacific cod stomachs is negligible. We hypothesize that the landscape (or 'seascape') features of hydrography and bathymetry of the Bering Sea impose a constraint on the distribution of cod and capelin that contributes to their spatial segregation and ultimately, to their uniquely weak trophic link. We analyzed a long-term data collection (1972 to 2001) on Pacific cod and capelin catches and feeding interactions, and developed a new metric to quantify the spatially explicit overlap between a predator and a prey. Our analysis indicates that cod and capelin distributions respond to the thermal conditions of the Bering Sea. Typically, a frigid water mass is present on the middle portion of the shelf, and cod distribution is confined to the southern side of the cold pool, while capelin is confined to the north. However, in warm years the middle shelf is penetrated by thermal gateways (between 1 and 6 degrees C), allowing cod to invade the capelin habitat. In this situation, when cod and capelin overlap, cod feed heavily on capelin. The annual index of cod and capelin overlap is correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, a climate indicator of the North Pacific. The width of the thermal gateways in the middle shelf is also correlated with the PDO. These results point to a direct causal link, from climate and thermal conditions of the Bering Sea shelf, to cod and capelin distribution, and ultimately to their overlap and trophic interactions. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. EM lorenzo.ciannelli@bio.uio.no NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 291 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps291227 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 934HH UT WOS:000229699400020 ER PT J AU Lapolla, A Buckley, LJ AF Lapolla, A Buckley, LJ TI Hatch date distributions of young-of-year haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region: implications for recruitment SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Georges Bank; hatch date distributions; juvenile haddock; otolith microstructure; recruitment ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; ATLANTIC COD; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; AGE-DETERMINATION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; CLASS STRENGTH; GROWTH; LARVAL AB We determined the hatch dates of young-of-year (YOY) juveniles from the 1995 to 1999 year-classes of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus collected in the Northeast Fisheries Science Cenier fall groundfish surveys in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region. Hatch dates were based on age estimates made by counting otolith daily rings. The average YOY haddock was > 200 d old at the time of capture, with estimated hatch dates ranging from mid November to early June. Haddock collected in the Gulf of Maine had mean hatch dates about 1 mo later than fish collected on Georges Bank. Each year on Georges Bank, hatch date frequencies (HDF) of survivors peaked between February and mid March, considerably earlier than the peak in HDF estimated from late-stage eggs. The ratio of the relative HDF of survivors collected in the fall to the relative HDF estimated from late-stage eggs was used to calculate relative survivorship of different cohorts. These data suggest that haddock hatched early in the season had a survival advantage over those hatched later in the year. The 1998 year class, the largest produced on Georges Bank in the past 20 yr, had one of the latest peaks in HDF of juveniles among the 5 years examined. More survivors were produced in each month of 1998 compared to the monthly averages of the remaining years. In particular, the 1998 year-class benefited from enhanced survival of individuals hatched in the mid and latter portions of the hatch curve, although survival was still highest for individuals originating from the early portion of the hatching curve. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Marine Educ &, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Marine Educ &, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lbuckley@gso.uri.edu NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 290 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.3354/meps290239 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 925UW UT WOS:000229079800019 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Zimmermann, M Spencer, PD AF Rooper, CN Zimmermann, M Spencer, PD TI Using ecologically based relationships to predict distribution of flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon in the eastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE fish habitat; habitat model; Bering Sea; soft sediment; flatfish ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER; YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; HABITAT MODELS; ALASKAN WATERS; BRISTOL BAY; GRAND BANK; SHELF; VARIABILITY; HYPOTHESIS AB This study describes a method for modeling and predicting, from biological and physical variables, habitat use by a commercially harvested groundfish species. Models for eastern Bering Sea flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon were developed from 3 relationships describing the response of organism abundance along a resource continua. The model was parameterized for 1998 to 2000 trawl survey data and tested on 2001 and 2002 data. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of flathead sole had a curvilinear relationship with depth, peaking at 140 m, a proportional relationship with bottom water temperature, a positive curvilinear relationship with potential cover (invertebrate sheltering organisms such as anemones, corals, sponges, etc.), a negative relationship with increasing mud:sand ratio in the sediment, and an asymptotic relationship with potential prey abundance. The predicted CPUE was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.63) to the observations (1998 to 2000) and the model accurately predicted CPUE (r(2) = 0.58) in the test data set (2001 and 2002). Because this method of developing habitat-based abundance models is founded on ecological relationships, it should be more robust for predicting fish distributions than statistically based models. Thus, the model can be used to examine the consequences of fishing activity (e.g. reduction in sheltering organisms), changes in temperature (e.g. climate effects) and interaction between variables, and can be modified to incorporate new variables as more information is collected about a species. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 290 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.3354/meps290251 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 925UW UT WOS:000229079800020 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, NR White, DL Lewitus, AJ Tymowski, RG Yoch, DC AF Kulkarni, NR White, DL Lewitus, AJ Tymowski, RG Yoch, DC TI Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in a salt marsh estuary: correlation to tidal cycle and phytoplankton assemblage composition SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dimethylsulfoniopropionate; DMSP; phytoplankton assemblages; pigments; CHEMTAX ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIATOM COMMUNITY; CLASS ABUNDANCES; GLYCINE BETAINE; COASTAL WATERS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Salt marsh estuaries emit high levels of dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet little is known about the contribution of tidal creeks, which are rich in phytoplankton that can potentially produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Quantitative data is presented on the relationship between phytoplankton assemblage structure during tidal cycles in North Inlet, a high-salinity salt marsh estuary near Georgetown, South Carolina. While there was little or no correlation between chlorophyll a (ch1 a) and phytoplankton DMSP (DMSPp) in tidal-creek waters, the DMSPp:ch1 a ratio showed a strong correlation with tidal stage, being highest at high slack tide and lowest at low slack tide, Phytoplankton assemblage structure determined from HPLC pigment profiles and CHEMTAX analysis (a matrix factorization program to derive taxonomic composition from photopigment ratios) showed that DMSP-rich taxa were highly correlated with the high DMSP:ch1 a values which occurred at high tide, These were haptophytes, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and cryptophytes. Diatoms had a lower correlation coefficient but, because they represented almost 40% of the algal biomass during the tidal cycle, this group could be a significant contributor of DMSPp at high tide. Chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and some chrysophytes showed a strong negative correlation coefficient (r) with the DMSPp:ch1 a peak. We conclude that the increase in the DMSPp:ch1 a ratio at high tide is due to an increased contribution of DMSP-rich phytoplankton taxa that enter the creeks from coastal waters during flood tide, and low values resulted from low DMSP-containing resuspended benthic microalgae, advected from the adjacent salt marsh into the tidal creeks during ebb tide. The data indicate a strong tidal effect on DMSP concentration that is a function of change in phytoplankton assemblage structure. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Yoch, DC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM yoch@biol.sc.edu NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 289 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.3354/meps289013 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923RV UT WOS:000228927900003 ER PT J AU Green, BS McCormick, MI AF Green, BS McCormick, MI TI Maternal and paternal effects determine size, growth and performance in larvae of a tropical reef fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE larval growth; maternal effects; mortality; paternal effects; swimming ability; temperature ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; AMPHIPRION-MELANOPUS; WATER TEMPERATURE; SOCKEYE SALMON; BODY CONDITION; MARINE FISHES; OTOLITH SIZE; SURVIVAL; LIGHT AB Larval mortality in marine fishes is strongly linked to individual life history traits such as size and growth, but the processes that influence variability in these traits are poorly understood. We explore the relative importance of maternal and paternal influences and water temperature on the larval growth and performance characteristics of the tropical clownfish Amphiprion melanopus (Pomacentridae). Larvae were reared from an incomplete 4 male x 4 female diallel breeding cross at 2 temperatures (25 and 28 degrees C). Paternity interacted with maternity and affected traits immediately prior to and after hatching. Size of larvae at metamorphosis was primarily affected by maternal and paternal influences, but not by rearing temperature. Paternity explained 52 % of the variance in growth rates to metamorphosis, while the combination of paternity, maternity and temperature explained 30 %. This strong paternal influence may be due to the extensive role males play in nest-tending coupled with the relatively long embryonic duration of the species. A negative relationship between larval growth rate and mortality within a tank emphasised the importance of these parental effects to larval survival and also provides support for the 'bigger is better' hypothesis. C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Green, BS (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM bridget.green@noaa.gov RI Green, Bridget/G-3368-2014; McCormick, Mark/J-8301-2014 OI Green, Bridget/0000-0001-8214-6430; McCormick, Mark/0000-0001-9289-1645 NR 57 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 289 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.3354/meps289263 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923RV UT WOS:000228927900023 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Litaker, RW Hardison, DR Tester, PA AF Sunda, WG Litaker, RW Hardison, DR Tester, PA TI Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its relation to algal pigments in diverse waters of the Belize coastal lagoon and barrier reef system SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dimethylsulfoniopropionate; DMSP; phytoplankton; dinoflagellates; Belize; tropical lagoon; barrier reef; pigments; CHEMTAX ID CAROTENOID-PIGMENTS; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; SULFUR; DIMETHYLPROPIOTHETIN; ESTUARINE AB Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and algal pigments were measured in waters from a variety of sites in the Belize coastal lagoon and adjacent barrier reef system. Particulate concentrations of DMSP (DMSPp) and chl a varied by 2 orders of magnitude (1.1 to 130 nmol l(-1) for DMSP and 0.040 to 2.9 mu g l(-1) for chl a). DMSPp was correlated with chl a (r(2) = 0.83) based on regression analysis of log-transformed data. It was even more closely correlated with peridinin (r(2) = 0.92) and the photoprotective pigment diadinoxanthin (r(2) = 0.90), indicator pigments for dinoflagellates, a high-DMSP algal group. By contrast, DMSPp was poorly correlated with zeaxanthin (r(2) = 0.13), a marker for cyanobacteria which are thought to contain little or no DMSP. The highest DMSPp and chl a concentrations and highest mean DMSPp:chl a molar ratio (39 12) were observed in a eutrophic mangrove embayment, whose phytoplankton community was dominated by dinoflagellates. Much lower chl a and DMSPp values and a somewhat lower average DMSPp:chl a molar ratio (29 +/- 14) were observed at sites in the vicinity of the outer barrier reef/island system, where an estimated 64% of the chl a on average occurred in cyanobacteria. In a diel study at one of these sites, the DMSPp/chl a ratio increased during the day and decreased at night, a pattern that did not appear to be caused by variations in the algal community. The diel pattern instead may reflect a daytime increase in cellular DMSP concentration. Given DMSP's putative antioxidant function, the increase in DMSPp:chl a ratios may represent a physiological response to help protect algal cells from increased oxidative stress during the day linked to solar UV-radiation and photosynthesis. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 287 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.3354/meps287011 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 910RQ UT WOS:000227950300002 ER PT J AU Abookire, AA Piatt, JF AF Abookire, AA Piatt, JF TI Oceanographic conditions structure forage fishes into lipid-rich and lipid-poor communities in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE community structure; forage fish; lipid; mid-water distribution; Capelin; gadids; Cook Inlet; Gulf of Alaska ID PACIFIC SAND LANCE; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; NORTHERN GULF; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; AMMODYTES-HEXAPTERUS; ENERGY DENSITY; KODIAK ISLAND; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Forage fishes were sampled with a mid-water trawl in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from late July to early August 1996 to 1999. We sampled 3 oceanographically distinct areas of lower Cook Inlet: waters adjacent to Chisik Island, in Kachemak Bay, and near the Barren Islands. In 163 tows using a mid-water trawl, 229 437 fishes with fork length < 200 mm were captured. More than 39 species were captured in lower Cook Inlet, but Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, and juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma comprised 97.5% of the total individuals. Both species richness and species diversity were highest in warm, low-salinity, weakly stratified waters near Chisik Island. Kachemak Bay, which had thermohaline values between those found near Chisik Island and the Barren Islands, had an intermediate value of species richness. Species richness was lowest at the Barren Islands, an exposed region that regularly receives oceanic upwelled water from the Gulf of Alaska. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to compute axes of species composition based on an ordination of pairwise site dissimilarities. Each axis was strongly rank-correlated with unique groups of species and examined separately as a function of environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, depth), area, and year. Oceanographic parameters accounted for 41 and 12% of the variability among forage fishes indicated by Axis 1 and Axis 2, respectively. Axis 1 also captured the spatial variability in the upwelled area of lower Cook Inlet and essentially contrasted the distribution. of species among shallow, nearshore (sand lance, herring) and deep, offshore (walleye pollock) habitats. Axis 2 captured the spatial variability in forage fish communities from the north (Chisik Island) to the south (Barren Islands) of lower Cook Inlet and essentially contrasted a highly diverse community dominated by salmonids and osmerids (warmer, less saline) with a fish community dominated by Pacific sand lance (colder, more saline), Axis 3 reflected the negative spatial association of capelin Mallotus villosus and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Correlations of year with Axes 1 and 3 indicate that from 1996 to 1999 the forage fish community significantly decreased in lipid-poor gadids (walleye pollock and Pacific cod), and significantly increased in lipid-rich species such as Pacific sand lance, Pacific herring, and capelin. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Abookire, AA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM alisa.abookire@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 287 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.3354/meps287229 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 910RQ UT WOS:000227950300021 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Wang, J Browder, JA Robblee, MB AF Criales, MM Wang, J Browder, JA Robblee, MB TI Tidal and seasonal effects on transport of pink shrimp postlarvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE mismatch periodicity; tidal transport; daily migration; pink shrimp ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; FLORIDA-KEYS; ENDOGENOUS CONTROL; STREAM TRANSPORT; LARVAL RELEASE; BAY; RECRUITMENT; CURRENTS; DECAPODA AB Transport simulations were conducted to investigate a large seasonal peak in postlarvae of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum that occurs every summer on the northwestern border of Florida Bay. Daily vertical migration, a known behavior in pink shrimp postlarvae, was assumed in all scenarios investigated. A Lagrangian trajectory model was developed using a current field derived from a 3 yr ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) time series. To fit the estimated planktonic development time of pink shrimp, the model simulated larvae traveling at night over a 30 d period. We investigated 2 types of effects: (1) the effect of mismatch periodicity between tidal constituents and daily migration, and (2) the effect of seasonal changes in night length. The maximum eastward displacement with the semidiurnal lunar tidal constituent (M-2) was 4 km, with periods of enhanced transport in both summer and winter. In contrast, eastward displacement with the semidiurnal solar tidal constituent (S-2) and the lunisolar diurnal K-1 was 65 km and the period of maximum distance occurred in summer every year. Because the periods of S-2 and K-1 are so close to the 24 h vertical migration period, and the eastward current (flood) of these constituents matches the diel cycle over extended intervals, they can induce strong horizontal transport during summer. Thus, diet vertical migration can interact with the S-2 and the K-1 tidal constituents and with the annual cycle of night length to produce a distinct annual cycle that may enhance transport of pink shrimp and other coastal species during summer in shallow areas of the Gulf of Mexico. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 286 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.3354/meps286231 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 903QM UT WOS:000227440700020 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Lynn, E Humphreys, R Musyl, M West, AP Vetter, R AF Hyde, JR Lynn, E Humphreys, R Musyl, M West, AP Vetter, R TI Shipboard identification of fish eggs and larvae by multiplex PCR, and description of fertilized eggs of blue marlin, shortbill spearfish, and wahoo SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dolphinfish; genetic identification; species-specific PCR; marlin; sailfish; spearfish; swordfish; wahoo ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-B; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; GENUS SEBASTES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RFLP ANALYSIS; DNA-DAMAGE; ATLANTIC AB The study of the early life history of large, open-ocean pelagic fishes such as tunas and billfish, and the identification of spawning and nursery habitats, has been extremely difficult as these animals are intrinsically rare, highly migratory, and difficult to study in captivity. Traditional methods such as the assembling of a developmental series of life stages, or the culturing of unknown eggs and larvae to a point where they can be identified, has not been easy or fruitful for many pelagic species. The discovery of a putative spawning 'hot spot' off the Kona coast of Hawaii, coupled with the development of shipboard approaches to real time identification and adaptive sampling of eggs, may provide new approaches and insights into the spawning ecology and reproductive biology of these highly valuable but poorly known species. Here we report the use of a shipboard PCR based assay to differentiate species of istiophorid billfish larvae and identify eggs of istiophorid and xiphiid billfish, coryphaenid dolphinfish, and wahoo. A species-specific multiplex PCR assay was designed to amplify a single, unique size fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for all 6 species of Indo-Pacific billfish, both dolphinfish, and the monospecific wahoo. A boiling technique used to extract DNA from larval eye tissue or an individual egg, combined with a single-step PCR assay and agarose electrophoresis, allowed species identification within 3 h of sample acquisition. This nearly real-time identification method for morphologically indistinguishable eggs and larvae provides an opportunity to employ adaptive sampling methods to increase sampling efficiency and will help in determining the spatial and temporal dimensions of spawning and nursery habitats offshore. This study describes the occurrence of blue marlin, dolphinfish, shortbill spearfish, swordfish and wahoo off the Kona coast by molecular approaches, and it provides the first description of the eggs of blue marlin, shortbill spearfish and wahoo. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Technol Sydney, Westbourne St Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jrhyde@ucsd.edu NR 43 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 286 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps286269 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 903QM UT WOS:000227440700024 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Watters, GM Boehlert, GW Zedonis, P AF Hinke, JT Watters, GM Boehlert, GW Zedonis, P TI Ocean habitat use in autumn by Chinook salmon in coastal waters of Oregon and California SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; archival tag; California current; essential fish habitat ID PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; JUVENILE CHINOOK; SURVIVAL RATES; NORTH PACIFIC; SEA; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB Describing the ocean habitats used by Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is an important step towards understanding how environmental conditions influence their population dynamics. We used data from archival tags that recorded time, temperature and pressure (depth) to define the coastal habitats used by Chinook near Oregon and California during the autumns of 2000, 2002 and 2003. We used a clustering algorithm to summarize the data set from each year and identified 4 general habitats that described the set of ocean conditions used by Chinook. The 4 habitats, defined primarily by depth and the time of day that these depths were occupied, were characterized as (1) shallow day, (2) shallow night, (3) deep and (4) deepest. The definitions and use of each habitat were similar across years and the thermal characteristics of all habitats included water temperatures between 9 and 12degreesC. This temperature range provided the best indicator of Chinook habitat in the coastal ocean. Chinook used 9 to 12degreesC water at least 52 % of the time. Less than 10 % of surface waters within the area where Chinook were released and recovered provided these temperatures. Cross sections of subsurface temperatures suggest that between 25 and 37 % of the coastal water column was available to Chinook and contained water in the 9 to 12degreesC range. These results support hypotheses that link salmon-population dynamics to ocean temperatures. Continued monitoring of surface and subsurface thermal habitats may be useful for assessing the extent and quality of conditions most likely to sustain Chinook salmon populations. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96882 USA. NOAA, Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96882 USA. EM jefferson.hinke@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 285 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps285181 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 899ZS UT WOS:000227185300017 ER PT J AU Fisher, R AF Fisher, R TI Swimming speeds of larval coral reef fishes: impacts on self-recruitment and dispersal SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE swimming speed; reef fish; larvae; dispersal; settlement; recruitment ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE POPULATIONS; DAMSELFISHES POMACENTRIDAE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; SETTLEMENT-MARKS; PELAGIC LARVAE; PISCES; ABILITIES; DURATION AB The dispersal of larvae during their time in the pelagic environment is critically important to our understanding of marine populations. Recent publications have highlighted the potential importance of larval behaviour in influencing dispersal patterns of larval reef fishes. However, it has not been clearly established if their abilities are of a magnitude comparable to the potential effects of oceanic processes and whether larval behaviour is sufficient to facilitate self-recruitment, This study presents new data on the swimming speed of late-stage larvae to determine how they can swim relative to oceanic currents. The families examined comprised the Acanthuridae, Siganidae, Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodontidae, Nemipteridae, Monacanthidae, Psuedochromidae, Pomacanthidae and Apogonidae. The late-stage larvae of all reef fish families examined were able to swim at speeds greater than the mean transport speeds reported around reefs in most locations. However, even the best-swimming reef fish families could not swim faster than the maximum current speeds reported. Based on new and previously published data it appears that the development of swimming ability can be described adequately (80% of variation explained) as a linear increase from zero at hatching to a species-specific maximum at settlement. Calculations based on this developmental pattern suggest that most reef fish families could substantially influence their dispersal patterns relative to ocean currents for over 50% of their larval phase. For all families examined, swimming behaviour could potentially affect dispersal patterns on a magnitude similar to the dispersing effect of oceanic currents. In addition, the swimming capabilities of several reef fish families have the potential to facilitate active self-recruitment in a range of reef systems. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rebecca.fisher@noaa.gov RI Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011; OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 69 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 285 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps285223 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 899ZS UT WOS:000227185300021 ER PT B AU Van Dolah, FM AF Van Dolah, FM BE Reynolds, JE Perrin, WF Reeves, RR Montgomery, S Ragen, TJ TI Effects of harmful algal blooms SO MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH: CONSERVATION BEYOND CRISIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Marine Mammal Research - Conservation Beyond Crisis CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL Portland, OR C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 0-8018-8255-9 PY 2005 BP 85 EP 99 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDO85 UT WOS:000234567500006 ER PT B AU Moore, SE AF Moore, SE BE Reynolds, JE Perrin, WF Reeves, RR Montgomery, S Ragen, TJ TI Long-term environmental change and marine mammals SO MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH: CONSERVATION BEYOND CRISIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Marine Mammal Research - Conservation Beyond Crisis CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL Portland, OR C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 38 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 0-8018-8255-9 PY 2005 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDO85 UT WOS:000234567500009 ER PT B AU Taylor, BL AF Taylor, BL BE Reynolds, JE Perrin, WF Reeves, RR Montgomery, S Ragen, TJ TI Identifying units to conserve SO MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH: CONSERVATION BEYOND CRISIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Experts on Marine Mammal Research - Conservation Beyond Crisis CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL Portland, OR C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Taylor, BL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 0-8018-8255-9 PY 2005 BP 149 EP 162 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDO85 UT WOS:000234567500010 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP AF Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP TI Winter feeding intensity of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Monodon monoceros; diet; harvest; stomach contents; Greenland halibut; Gonatus ID BAFFIN-ISLAND; BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; STOMACH CONTENTS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAKED-WHALES; ARCTIC COD; NORTH-SEA; GREENLAND; ICE AB Stomach contents from 121 narwhals (Monondon monoceros) harvested in the eastern Canadian High Arctic and West Greenland were used to quantify seasonal changes in feeding activity and prey selection. Stomachs collected from summer harvests were mostly empty with little evidence of recent feeding. Stomachs collected in late fall and winter harvests had considerable amounts of undigested material with evidence of recent feeding. In summer, Arctic cod (Arctogadus glacialis), polar cod (Boreogadus saida), and Gonatus squid spp. constituted the narwhal diet. In fall, Gonatus fabricii was the only prey item observed. In late fall and winter, Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and G. fabricii were the dominant prey items, observed in 51% and 73% of stomachs collected, respectively. Greenland halibut taken by narwhals were on average 39 cm (SD 8) and 556 g (306) and G. fabricii were on average 23 g (15) with mean mantle lengths of 85 mm (24). The low diversity of prey species indicates narwhals have a restricted diet across all seasons. This study presents the first information on the winter diet of the narwhal and suggests Baffin Bay and Davis Strait are heavily utilized for feeding, in contrast to limited food intake during the summer period. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM krla@natur.gl NR 57 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 31 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01207.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 888BW UT WOS:000226350200004 ER PT J AU Durban, JW Elston, DA Ellifrit, DK Dickson, E Hammond, PS Thompson, PM AF Durban, JW Elston, DA Ellifrit, DK Dickson, E Hammond, PS Thompson, PM TI Multisite mark-recapture for cetaceans: Population estimates with Bayesian model averaging SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mark-recapture; model selection; model averaging; Bayesian analysis; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; population size ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; LOG-LINEAR MODELS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MANAGEMENT; INFERENCE; WHALES; CENSUS; SIZE AB Mark-recapture techniques are widely used to estimate the size of wildlife populations. However, in cetacean photo-identification studies, it is often impractical to sample across the entire range of the population. Consequently, negatively biased population estimates can result when large portions of a population are unavailable for photographic capture. To overcome this problem, we propose that individuals be sampled from a number of discrete sites located throughout the population's range. The recapture of individuals between sites can then be presented in a simple contingency table, where the cells refer to discrete categories formed by combinations of the study sites. We present a Bayesian framework for fitting a suite of log-linear models to these data, with each model representing a different hypothesis about dependence between sites. Modeling dependence facilitates the analysis of opportunistic photo-identification data from study sites located due to convenience rather than by design. Because inference about population size is sensitive to model choice, we use Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches to estimate posterior model probabilities, and base inference on a model-averaged estimate of population size. We demonstrate this method in the analysis of photographic mark-recapture data for bottlenose dolphins from three coastal sites around NE Scotland. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Ross Shire IV11 8YJ, England. Macaulay Inst, Environm Modelling Unit, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Moray Firth Wildlife Ctr, Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Moray IV32 7PJ, England. Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Gatty Marine Lab, NERC Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Durban, JW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009; Elston, David/H-8199-2013 OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284; NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01209.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 888BW UT WOS:000226350200006 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA Marshall, GJ Littnan, CL Heithaus, M Canja, S Becker, B Braun, R Antonelis, GA AF Parrish, FA Marshall, GJ Littnan, CL Heithaus, M Canja, S Becker, B Braun, R Antonelis, GA TI Foraging of juvenile monk seals at French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; forage habitat; CRITTERCAM; endangered species; sand communities ID LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII PUPS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; AEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; HARBOR SEALS; VIDEO CAMERA; WEANING MASS; DETERMINANTS AB Emaciation and poor survivorship of juvenile Hawaiian monk seals at French Frigate Shoals atoll prompted a study of their foraging, using video camera technology (CRITTERCAM). Nine juveniles between the ages of 1 and 3 yr (six males, three females) were fitted with CRITTERCAM to identify their foraging habitat and feeding behavior. All feeding was directed at small (less than or equal to10 cm), cryptic, benthic prey. Older seals (ages 2 and 3), varied in their foraging intensity with most of their attention directed at shallow atoll depths (10-30 m). In contrast, the three yearlings focused all their feeding in the sand fields (50-100 m) on the atoll's outer slope. Bottom trawls were used to assess the prey abundance of the sand habitat and found 70% of the numerical catch was flounder (Bothidae). Extrapolating the yearlings' prey capture rate (0.13/min, derived from the CRITTERCAM video) over their total bottom time yielded an estimated 1-1.3 kg/day of flounder. The mean size of flounder (5 +/- 1.7 cm) caught in the bottom trawls was close to the size at which larval flounder settle from the plankton (3 cm), suggesting that localized changes in oceanography could directly impact the seals' prey supply. Extensive use of sand communities by young seals may be the strongest link yet identified between juvenile survivorship and oceanographic dynamics. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Geog Televis, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Florida Int Univ, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. Aquat Farms, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 29 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01210.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 888BW UT WOS:000226350200007 ER PT J AU Owen, R Mitchelmore, C Woodley, C Trapido-Rosenthal, H Galloway, T Depledge, M Readman, J Buxton, L Sarkis, S Jones, R Knap, A AF Owen, R Mitchelmore, C Woodley, C Trapido-Rosenthal, H Galloway, T Depledge, M Readman, J Buxton, L Sarkis, S Jones, R Knap, A TI A common sense approach for confronting coral reef decline associated with human activities SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UK Environm Agcy, Bermuda Biol Stn Res, Bristol BS10 6BF, Avon, England. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Ecotoxicol & Stress Biol Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. UK Environm Agcy, Bristol, Avon, England. Plymouth Marine Biol Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP UK Environm Agcy, Bermuda Biol Stn Res, St Georges GE01, Bristol BS10 6BF, Avon, England. EM richard.owen@environment-agency.gov.uk RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013 OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5-7 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.08.011 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995BP UT WOS:000234075200001 PM 16199062 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Woodley, CM Richmond, RH Lanning, LL Owen, R AF Downs, CA Woodley, CM Richmond, RH Lanning, LL Owen, R TI Shifting the paradigm of coral-reef 'health' assessment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE coral reef; monitoring and assessment; diagnostics; paradigm ID ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; KANEOHE BAY; FUTURE; ECOTOXICOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; DISTURBANCE; EVOLUTION; STRATEGY; INDEXES; DISEASE AB Coral reefs are in crisis. Globally, our reefs are degrading at an accelerating rate and present methodologies for coral-reef 'health' assessment, although providing important information in describing these global declines, have been unable to halt these declines. These assessments are usually employed with no clear purpose and using uncorrelated methods resulting in a failure to prevent or mitigate coral reef deterioration. If we are to ever successfully intervene, we must move beyond the current paradigm, where assessments and intervention decisions are based primarily on descriptive science and embrace a paradigm that promotes both descriptive and mechanistic science to recognize a problem, and recognize it before it becomes a crisis. The primary methodology in this alternative paradigm is analogous to the clinical and diagnostic methodologies of evidence-based medicine. Adopting this new paradigm can provide the evidence to target management actions on those stressors currently impacting reef ecosystems as well as providing a means for proactive management actions to avert irreversible habitat decline. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Haereticus Environm Lab, Amherst, VA 24521 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmsopher Adm, CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biomed Res Ctr, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Otsuka Maryland Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. United Kingdom Environm Agcy, Bristol BS10 6BF, Avon, England. RP Haereticus Environm Lab, Amherst, VA 24521 USA. EM haereticus1@direcway.com RI Richmond, Robert/G-1385-2014 NR 63 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5-7 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.028 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995BP UT WOS:000234075200002 PM 16054653 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Fauth, JE Robinson, CE Curry, R Lanzendorf, B Halas, JC Halas, J Woodley, CM AF Downs, CA Fauth, JE Robinson, CE Curry, R Lanzendorf, B Halas, JC Halas, J Woodley, CM TI Cellular diagnostics and coral health: Declining coral health in the Florida Keys SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biomarker; cellular diagnostics; coral; Florida Keys; coral health ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; REEFS; STRESS; FUTURE; DISTURBANCE; BIOMARKERS; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM; COMMUNITY AB Coral reefs within the,Florida Keys are disappearing at an alarming rate. Coral cover in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary declined by 38% from 1996 to 2000. In 2000, populations of Montastraea annularis at four sites near Molasses Reef within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and one reef within Biscayne National Park were sampled on a quarterly basis. Anecdotal observations showed corals at Alina's Reef in Biscayne National Park appeared healthy in March, but experienced an acute loss of coral cover by August. Cellular Diagnostic analysis indicated that Alina's Reef corals were in distress: they had been afflicted with a severe oxidative damaging and protein-denaturing stress that affected both the corals and their symbiotic zooxanthellae. This condition was associated with a significant xenobiotic detoxification response in both species, reflecting probable chemical contaminant exposure. These results demonstrate that applying a Cellular Diagnostic approach can be effective in helping to identify stress and its underlying causes, providing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of coral health. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Envirtue Biotechnol Inc, Winchester, VA 22601 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Biscayne Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. NOAA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. Environm Moorings Int, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Envirtue Biotechnol Inc, 35 W Piccadilly St, Winchester, VA 22601 USA. EM cadowns@technologist.com NR 41 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5-7 BP 558 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.017 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995BP UT WOS:000234075200008 PM 15992830 ER PT J AU Ramu, K Kajiwara, N Tanabe, S Lam, PKS Jefferson, TA AF Ramu, K Kajiwara, N Tanabe, S Lam, PKS Jefferson, TA TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from Hong Kong waters: Levels, profiles and distribution SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology CY JUN, 2004 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Hong Kong; finless porpoises; humpback dolphins; PBDEs; organochlorines; DDTs ID MUSSELS PERNA-VIRIDIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; COASTAL WATERS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SEA; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; RESIDUES; DOLPHINS AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber, liver and kidney of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong coastal waters during 1995-2001. Among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 9.9 to 470 mu g/g lipid wt. PBDEs in Hong Kong cetaceans, which are reported for the first time, were detected in all the samples with values ranging from 0.23 to 6.0 mu g/g lipid wt., with a predominance of BDE-47. Results from this study suggest PBDEs should be classified as priority pollutants in Asia. Higher concentrations were found in humpback dolphins than in finless porpoises, and this was attributed mainly to differences in habitat. Elevated residues of PCBs and DDTs in some cetaceans suggest these species may be at risk. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Tanabe, S (reprint author), Ehime Univ, CMES, Bunkyo Cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM shinsuke@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; NR 39 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 8-12 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.041 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995DI UT WOS:000234079700006 PM 16291183 ER PT J AU Ylitalo, GM AF Ylitalo, GM TI The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; carcinoma; California sea lions; marine mammals ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; LAWRENCE BELUGA WHALES; NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PHOCA-VITULINA; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; HARBOR SEALS; GREY SEALS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; METASTATIC CARCINOMA AB Wild California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have an unusually high prevalence of neoplasms (18% of stranded dead adults) and high levels of contaminants. The contribution of organochlorine (OC) tissue burdens to the probability of sea lions dying from carcinoma was explored using a logistic regression model. Levels of PCBs and DDTs were determined in blubber of sea lions diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma and animals that had died from non-carcinoma-related incidents (e.g., gunshot, domoic acid poisoning). Animals with carcinoma had higher mean concentrations (based on wet weight) of PCBs and DDTs (more than 85% and 30% higher, respectively) in blubber than did sea lions without carcinoma; the highest concentrations of OCs in the sea lions affected with carcinoma were measured in the males. Blubber thickness was significantly different between the two groups of sea lions, but after controlling for this difference, there was still a significant effect of PCBs, but not DDTs, on the probability of sea lions dying with carcinoma. Age, sex, mass and length did not affect the probability of dying from carcinoma. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 896PB UT WOS:000226944900014 PM 15664031 ER PT B AU Weirich, J Gray, J AF Weirich, J Gray, J BE Barbe, RMI Brebbia, CA Olivella, J TI Exploring our maritime heritage: US efforts to focus exploration tools and techniques to investigate submerged cultural resources SO Maritime Heritage and Modern Ports LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Maritime Heritage/4th International Conference on Maritime Engineering, Ports and Waterways CY APR 18-20, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol AB Advancements within the field of ocean exploration made by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in collaboration with other government, academic and industry partners, have opened up opportunities for investigating maritime heritage resources. With a focus on the initial phases of marine archaeology-discovery, investigation and inventory-the NOAA provides maritime heritage researchers with vessel time, advanced technologies and financial support, which were not as readily available a few years ago. Along the way, the discovery of new maritime heritage sites has also uncovered new responsibilities and challenges with respect to resource management. The NOAA has created innovative ways of addressing these issues while continuing its mission to expand its research of the world's oceans. C1 NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-84564-010-1 PY 2005 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; History; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; History; Transportation GA BCN95 UT WOS:000230351500015 ER PT S AU Han, JP AF Han, JP BE Claverie, A Tsoukalas, D King, TJ Slaughter, JM TI Ferroelectric 1-T memory device - will it be viable for nonvolatile memory applications? SO Materials and Processes for Nonvolatile Memories SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Processes for Nonvolatile Memories held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Freescale Semicond Inc, Micron Technol Fdn, Spansion LLC ID BUFFER; IMPROVEMENT; CAPACITOR; FEDRAM; FILMS; FET; SI AB The quest for a nonvolatile memory FET based on the metal-ferroelectric-(insulator)-semiconductor (MF(I)S) gate stack concept has greatly intensified in recent years. In principle, such a memory device (MF(I)S) could be a building block of an ideal memory technology which offers random access, high speed, low power, high density and non-volatility. In practice, however, none of the reported ferroelectric memory transistors has achieved a memory retention time of more than a few days so far. These results are a far cry from the 10-year retention time requirement for non-volatile memory devices. This paper reveals progress and optimization that grain size, interfacial properties, and crystallinity of the annealed ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films have a strong impact on the size of the memory window, as does the choice of the buffer layer material. The properties of SiN buffer layer sandwiched between SBT and Si are discussed. Switches in the polarization of the ferroelectric SBT play a key role for both the ferroelectric-polarization-dominated and the trapping-dominated memory windows. Preliminary results on MFIS capacitors and transistors are reviewed, limited retention time has been observed. A closer look at the physics of device operation reveals two major causes of the short retention time: (1) depolarization fields; (2) finite gate leakage current and the associated charge trapping. Here, the origins of these problems are analyzed and practical difficulties in attempting to realize nonvolatile ferroelectric I-T memory devices are illustrated. Two possible solutions have been proposed to circumvent problems associated with the finite retention time in ferroelectric FET-type memories: (1) memory refreshes as done in the FEDRAM cell, (2) single-crystallize the ferroelectric film. C1 NIST, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Han, JP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-778-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 830 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCD48 UT WOS:000228724300013 ER PT J AU Starnes, MA Carino, NJ AF Starnes, MA Carino, NJ TI Active infrared thermography for NDT of concrete structures strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE bonding; concrete structures; fiber reinforced polymer composites; discontinuities; numerical simulation; nondestructive testing; infrared thermography AB Numerical and experimental methods are used to investigate the effectiveness of infrared thermography to estimate the width of subsurface discontinuities in fiber reinforced polymer plates bonded to concrete. The study focuses on establishing the potential for quantitative infrared thermography capable not only of detecting but also characterizing subsurface discontinuities. Finite element analyses are used to examine surface temperature response due to simulated discontinuities at the interfaces of fiber reinforced polymer plates applied to a concrete substrate. In particular, the effects of discontinuity width and depth are studied. It is concluded that the minimum detectable discontinuity width depends on discontinuity depth and the thermal resolution of the infrared detection system. A procedure is proposed for estimating the discontinuity width based on the point of inflection in the surface temperature profile measured along a given line. Controlled discontinuity experiments are performed to verify the procedure for estimating the width of subsurface discontinuities. Good agreement is found between the estimated and actual discontinuity dimensions. Data smoothing is shown to be effective in removing noise from measured temperature profiles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Starnes, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM viton@alum.mit.edu; nicholas.carino@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 887EL UT WOS:000226288000006 ER PT S AU Keller, RR Geiss, RH Cheng, YW Read, DT AF Keller, RR Geiss, RH Cheng, YW Read, DT BE Besser, PR McKerrow, AJ Iacopi, F Wong, CP Vlassak, JJ TI Microstructure evolution during electric current induced thermomechanical fatigue of interconnects SO Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects-2005 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, Appl Mat Inc, Texas Instruments Inc, Tokyo Electron Amer AB We demonstrate the evolution of microstructure and deformation associated with the use of electrical methods for evaluating mechanical reliability of patterned interconnects on rigid substrates. Thermomechanical fatigue in aluminum and copper interconnects was induced by means of low frequency (100 Hz), high density (> 10 MA/cm(2)) alternating currents, which caused cyclic Joule heating and associated thermal expansion strains between the metal lines and oxidized silicon substrate. The failure mechanism involved formation of localized plasticity, which caused topography changes on the free surfaces of the metal, leading to open circuit eventually taking place by melting at a region of severely reduced cross-sectional area. Both aluminum and copper responded to power cycling by deforming in a manner highly dependent upon variations in grain size and orientation. Isolated patches of damage appeared early within individual grains or clusters of grains, as determined by a quasi in situ scanning electron microscopy and automated electron backscatter diffraction measurement. With increased cycling, the extent of damage became more severe and widespread. We document some examples of the types of damage that mechanically confined interconnects exhibited when subjected to thousands of thermal cycles, including growth and re-orientation of grains in a systematic manner. We observed in the case of Al-1Si certain grains increasing by nearly an order of magnitude in size, and reorienting by greater than 30 degrees. The suitability of electrical methods for accelerated testing of mechanical reliability is also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-816-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 863 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BDB96 UT WOS:000232485800046 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Keller, RR Read, DT Cheng, YW AF Geiss, RH Keller, RR Read, DT Cheng, YW BE Besser, PR McKerrow, AJ Iacopi, F Wong, CP Vlassak, JJ TI TEM-based analysis of defects induced by AC thermomechanical versus microtensile deformation in aluminum thin films SO Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects-2005 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability of Advanced Interconnects held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, Appl Mat Inc, Texas Instruments Inc, Tokyo Electron Amer AB Thin films of sputtered aluminum were deformed by two different experimental techniques. One experiment comprised passing high electrical AC current density through patterned A1 interconnect lines deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The other consisted of uniaxial mechanical tensile deformation of a 1 mu m thick by 5 mu m wide free standing A1 line. In the electrical tests approximately 2 x 10(7) W/cm(2) was dissipated at 200 Hz resulting in cyclic Joule heating, which developed a total thermornechanical strain of about 0.3 % per cycle. The tension test showed a gauge length fracture strain of only 0.5 % but did display ductile chisel point fracture. In both experiments, certain grains exhibited large, > 30 degrees, rotation away from an initial < 111 > normal orientation toward < 001 >, based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of specimens from both experiments showed an unusually high density of prismatic dislocation loops. In the mechanically-tested samples, a high density of loops was seen in the chisel point fracture zone. In cross sections of highly deformed regions of the electrical test specimens, very high densities, > 10(15)/cm(3), of small, < 10 nm diameter, prismatic loops were observed. In both cases the presence of a high density of prismatic loops shows that a very high density of vacancies was created in the deformation. On the other hand, in both cases the density of dislocations in the deformed areas was relatively low. These results suggest very high incidence of intersecting dislocations creating jogs and subsequently vacancies before exiting the sample. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-816-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 863 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BDB96 UT WOS:000232485800048 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ AF Paulter, NG Larson, DR Blair, JJ TI A discussion of the IEEE standard on transition and pulse waveforms, Std-181-2003 SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE aberrations; algorithms; IEEE standard; overshoot; pulse parameters; pulse standard; state levels; transition duration; transition settling error; undershoot; waveform parameters; waveform terms AB The IEEE Std-181-2003, which is a new standard on pulse techniques and definitions, has been recently published. This standard was written to replace the withdrawn IEEE standards, Std-181-1977 and Std-194-1977. The Std-181-2003 combines information from both of the withdrawn standards. The new standard has incorporated new definitions not contained in the withdrawn standards and deleted and clarified definitions contained in the withdrawn standards. The new standard also provides examples of different waveform types and incorporates algorithms for computing waveform parameters, both of which were not contained in the withdrawn standard. This paper introduces the Std-181-2003 by describing its contents and changes relative to the withdrawn standards. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Dept Commerce, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Dept Commerce, Div Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paulter@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2004.08.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 888YB UT WOS:000226409000004 ER PT J AU Forster, AM Zhang, WH Crosby, AJ Stafford, CM AF Forster, AM Zhang, WH Crosby, AJ Stafford, CM TI A multilens measurement platform for high-throughput adhesion measurements SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial; high-throughput; JKR; adhesion; axisymmetric adhesion tests; multilens; polydimethylsiloxane; finite size effects ID COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY METHODS; CONTACT-MECHANICS; JKR; HYSTERESIS; SURFACES; FILMS; ELASTOMERS; POLYMERS; COATINGS; SOLIDS AB Current hi-h-throughput methodologies for measuring inter-facial adhesion typically rely on serial or sequential testing of discrete or continuous libraries. We have developed a measurement platform that employs an array of micro-lenses to simultaneously measure adhesion at multiple points on a planar specimen library. This technique relies on the accurate measurement of the overall lens array displacement, rather than load and individual lens contact areas to quantify the work of adhesion using the Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) model. We demonstrate the ability of this technique to measure the work of adhesion (loading) and energy release rate (unloading) for a polydimethylsiloxane lens array against glass, and we compare our work of adhesion measurements to the traditional single-lens geometry. We find the work of adhesion measured with the multilens array is 18.9 mJ m(-2) +/- 9.4 mJ m(-2) compared to 20 mJ m(-2) +/- 5 mJ m(-2) for a single-lens experiment. Also, the micro-lens array deviates from the JKR model when the lens array displacement is comparable to lens height. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.forster@nist.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800012 ER PT J AU Walls, HJ Berg, RF Amis, EJ AF Walls, HJ Berg, RF Amis, EJ TI Multi-sample Couette viscometer for polymer formulations SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial methods; combinatorial viscometer; Couette cell; high throughput materials testing; magnetic rheometer; rheology ID COMBINATORIAL METHODS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; RHEOMETER; SPHERE; VISCOSITY AB We describe a prototype scalable viscometer aimed at facilitating rapid measurements of multiple samples. The device simultaneously measures the viscosity of four samples in an array of Couette cells. Each cell contains a rotor with an embedded permanent magnet that is driven by an oscillating magnetic field generated by a two-axis Helmholtz coil. The angular displacement of the rotors is recorded by a charge-coupled device camera. Image analysis determines the amplitude and phase of the rotors with respect to the coil's sinusoidal current. The viscosity of each sample influences the amplitude and phase of the rotor, which can be predicted with a viscously damped oscillator model. We present data for Newtonian fluids with viscosities from 50 to 2000 mPa s. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Proc Measurements, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Res Triangle Inst Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hjwalls@rti.org NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800019 ER PT J AU Chiche, A Zhang, WH Stafford, CM Karim, A AF Chiche, A Zhang, WH Stafford, CM Karim, A TI A new design for high-throughput peel tests: statistical analysis and example SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peel test; high-throughput; combinatorial methods; error bars; statistical treatment; force fluctuations; peel rate; debonding micro-mechanisms; pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) AB The peel test is one of the most common techniques to investigate the properties of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). As the demand increases for combinatorial tools to rapidly test material performance, designing a high-throughput peel test is a critical improvement of this well-established technique. A glaring drawback to adapting conventional peel tests to study combinatorial specimens is the lack of sufficient statistical information that is the foundation of this type of measurement. For example, using a continuous gradient of sample properties or test conditions in the peel direction implies that each data point (force) corresponds to a given test condition, thus prohibiting the average force to be calculated for a given condition. The aim of this paper is both to highlight the potential problems and limitations of a high-throughput peel test and suggest simple experimental solutions to these problems based on a statistical analysis of the data. The effect of the peel rate on the peel force is used to illustrate our approach. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Bayreuth, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM arnaud.chiche@uni-bayreuth.de; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800025 ER PT J AU Cabral, JT Karim, A AF Cabral, JT Karim, A TI Discrete combinatorial investigation of polymer mixture phase boundaries SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer mixtures; combinatorial methods; miscibility; phase separation; turbidity ID CLOUD-POINT CURVES; SEPARATION; BLEND; POLYBUTADIENE; POLYSTYRENE AB We report a combinatorial approach for mapping bulk polymer mixture phase behaviour. The technique consists of a parallel cloud point detection scheme using discrete composition libraries, which are scanned across a temperature range and optically imaged. The sample substrates are microwell arrays fabricated by contact photolithography on a glass coverslip. Polymer blend libraries are generated using a custom built, programmable liquid dispenser system. The sample arrays are placed in a uniform, but continuously varying, temperature field, causing the mixture to traverse its phase boundary. Optical turbidity is detected by imaging the entire array and the cloud point curve is determined through automated parallel image analysis. The entire process is simple, flexible, inexpensive and rapid. In this demonstration, we investigate two binary mixtures of low molecular mass poly(styrene) and poly(butadiene), exhibiting upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase behaviour. The cloud point curves obtained closely approximate the bulk binodal line, and have a high composition resolution of deltaphi = 0.01 (volume fraction), using 10 x 10 sample arrays. We discuss the potential and limitations of this high throughput methodology for other polymeric mixtures, including multi-component systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joao.cabral@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800026 ER PT J AU Zhang, WH Fasolka, MJ Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Zhang, WH Fasolka, MJ Karim, A Amis, EJ TI An informatics infrastructure for combinatorial and high-throughput materials research built on open source code SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE informatics; laboratory database; combinatorial; high-throughput; open source; materials research ID THIN-FILMS; DATABASE AB Laboratory research informatics systems (LRIS) hold great promise in streamlining research generally, and are absolutely necessary for new data-intensive research strategies such as combinatorial and high-throughput (C&HT) approaches. In this paper, we describe a LRIS geared towards C&HT materials research, which is being established in lab facilities at the NIST Combinatorial Method Center (NCMC). The NCMC LRIS system aims to seamlessly integrate the library design, fabrication, measurement and analysis/data-mining aspects of the combi approach into a functional whole geared towards accelerating materials research. Our LRIS system is built upon an open source database management system, and incorporates non-proprietary user/instrument interface and automation software. The NCMC LRIS project endeavours to provide working examples of informatics infrastructure development to those interested in assimilating such tools into their research programmes. Accordingly, this report aims at providing an experiential account of the process by which we designed and implemented the NCMC LRIS. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mfasolka@nist.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/034 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800035 ER PT J AU Song, J Ma, L Whitenton, E Vorburger, T AF Song, J Ma, L Whitenton, E Vorburger, T TI 2D and 3D surface texture comparisons using autocorrelation functions SO MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLIGENT INSTRUMENTS VI SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation function; bullet signature; standard bullet; surface texture AB Autocorrelation and cross-coffelation functions are proposed for 2D and 3D surface texture comparisons. At the maximum correlation point of the two correlated surface textures, there is a peak shown at the cross-coffelation curve. It is proposed to generate a difference function at the maximum correlation point for evaluation of the difference between the two compared surface textures. Based on this method, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) bullet signature measurement system is developed for the bullet signature measurements of NIST standard bullets. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 295-296 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCW90 UT WOS:000231595000071 ER PT S AU Quinn, GW Quinn, JB Mecholsky, JJ Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George W. Quinn, Janet B. Mecholsky, John J., Jr. Quinn, George D. BE LaraCurzio, E TI COMPUTER MODELING OF CRACK PROPAGATION USING FRACTAL GEOMETRY SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A model of the propagation of two-dimension traveling cracks in a biaxially-stressed glass disk was derived using concepts of fractal geometry. A computer program employing this model was written using known fractographic equations, empirical observations and generic algorithms for generating fractals. Inputs include material property data, fracture load, disk size and the sizes of the load-bearing rings. The outputs include fracture stress, initial crack size before branching, and a prediction of the expected number of radial cracks. A typical image of a fractured disk with the input conditions is also produced. The image incorporates empirically-determined randomness and a degree of crack curvature dependent on the stress state. The program is user-friendly, and may be easily adapted for other materials and conditions. C1 [Quinn, George W.; Quinn, George D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GW (reprint author), NIST, STOP 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200010 ER PT S AU Quinn, J Mohan, R AF Quinn, Janet Mohan, Ram BE LaraCurzio, E TI GEOMETRY OF EDGE CHIPS FORMED AT DIFFERENT ANGLES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; FLAKING AB In the edge-chip test, an increasing force is applied near the edge of a specimen until a chip is formed. At greater distances from the specimen edge, higher forces are required for chip formation. A plot can be constructed by graphing the force necessary to form a chip against the distance from the specimen edge where the force is applied. The slope of the line resulting from such a plot constitutes the edge toughness. Studies have shown that chip geometries are self-similar, such that the chip width, depth and height ratios are independent of material or total chip size. Such previous studies, however, refer to edge chips made with a force perpendicular to the specimen surface. The current work addresses the issues of applied force direction and subsequent changes in edge toughness and chip geometry when chips are formed from forces that are not perpendicular. Greater force is required to produce a chip when the force is angled away from the edge, for example, and some aspects of the resulting chip geometry resemble a flattened cone. Quantitative analyses of such geometric changes can enable back calculation of force and direction in performing edge chip failure analyses, and would aid in designing components for edge integrity when the forces are not perpendicular. C1 [Quinn, Janet; Mohan, Ram] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, J (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200011 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Fuller, E Xiang, D Jillavenkatesa, A Ma, L Smith, D Beall, J AF Quinn, George David Fuller, Edwin Xiang, Dan Jillavenkatesa, Ajit Ma, Li Smith, Douglas Beall, James BE LaraCurzio, E TI A NOVEL TEST METHOD FOR MEASURING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT THE SMALL-SCALE: THE THETA SPECIMEN SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; SILICON; STRENGTH AB A test method has been developed for measuring mechanical properties of material structures at the small-scale. Round or hexagonal rings are compressed vertically on their ends thereby creating a uniform tension stress in a horizontal crossbar that serves as the gauge section. The compression loading scheme is simple and eliminates the need for special grips. A conventional nanoindentation hardness machine serves as a small-scale universal testing machine that applies load and monitors displacement. Prototype miniature silicon specimens were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of a single crystal wafer and were tested to fracture. Finite element analysis confirmed that the stress distribution was very uniform in the web portion of the specimen. The theta specimen is a versatile configuration and has great potential for use with a variety of materials and for testing extremely small structures. C1 [Quinn, George David; Fuller, Edwin; Xiang, Dan; Jillavenkatesa, Ajit; Ma, Li; Smith, Douglas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200015 ER PT S AU Kitching, J Knappe, S Liew, L Schwindt, P Shah, V Moreland, J Hollberg, L AF Kitching, J Knappe, S Liew, L Schwindt, P Shah, V Moreland, J Hollberg, L GP IEEE TI Microfabricated atomic clocks SO MEMS 2005 MIAMI: TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID VAPOR CELLS; CHIP AB We summarize the development of microfabricated atomic frequency references at NIST. The physics packages of these devices have volumes near 10 mm(3) and power dissipation below 150 mW, and can potentially achieve a fractional frequency instability in the range of 10(-11) over long periods. A fully integrated frequency reference could find application in portable, battery-operated devices such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers and cellular telephones. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-8732-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2005 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBZ90 UT WOS:000228430000001 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Attota, R Stocker, M Bishop, M Howard, L Germer, T Marx, E Davidson, M Larrabee, R AF Silver, RM Attota, R Stocker, M Bishop, M Howard, L Germer, T Marx, E Davidson, M Larrabee, R BE Silver, RM TI High-resolution optical metrology SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH ID OVERLAY MEASUREMENTS; SEM AB Recent advances in optical imaging techniques have unveiled new possibilities for optical metrology and optical-based process control measurements of features in the 65 nm node and beyond. In this paper we discuss methods and applications that combine illumination engineering and structured targets which enable sensitivity to nanometer scale changes using optical imaging methods. These methods have been investigated using simulation tools and experimental laboratory apparatus. The simulation results have demonstrated substantial sensitivity to nanometer changes in feature geometry. Similar results have now been observed in the laboratory. In this paper we will show simulation data to motivate the use of low numerical aperture and structured illumination optical configurations. We will also present the basic elements and methods which we are now using in the design of an optical tool specifically designed for these types of measurements. Target configurations which enhance the scattered electromagnetic fields will be shown along with experimental verification of the methodology. The simulation and experimental apparatus is used to explore and optimize target geometry, optical configurations, and illumination structure for applications in both critical dimension and overlay metrology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.606231 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300010 ER PT S AU Cresswell, MW Dixson, RG Guthrie, WF Allen, RA Murabito, CE Park, B de Pinillos, JVM Hunt, A AF Cresswell, MW Dixson, RG Guthrie, WF Allen, RA Murabito, CE Park, B de Pinillos, JVM Hunt, A BE Silver, RM TI CD reference features with sub-five nanometer uncertainty SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE CD; linewidth; reference material; calibration; MEMS; HRTEM; AFM; Atomic Force Microscopy AB The implementation of a new test structure for HRTEM (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) imaging, and the use of CD AFM (CD Atomic Force Microscopy) to serve as the transfer metrology, have resulted in reductions in the uncertainties attributed to critical dimension (CD) reference-material features, having calibrated CDs less than 100 nm. The previous generation of reference materials, which was field-tested in 2001, used electrical CD as the transfer metrology. Calibrated CD values were in the range 80 nm to 150 nm and expanded uncertainties were approximately 14 nm. The second-generation units, which have now been distributed to selected industry users for evaluation, have uncertainties as low as +/- 1.5 nm and calibrated CDs as low as 43 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cresswell, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 288 EP 303 DI 10.1117/12.606807 PN 1-3 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300030 ER PT S AU Dixson, R Fu, J Orji, N Guthrie, W Allen, R Cresswell, M AF Dixson, R Fu, J Orji, N Guthrie, W Allen, R Cresswell, M BE Silver, RM TI CD-AFM reference metrology at NIST and SEMATECH SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; reference measurement system; standards; calibration; traceability ID STANDARDS; HEIGHT AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and SEMATECH have been working together to improve the traceability of critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) dimensional metrology in semiconductor manufacturing. A major component of this collaboration has been the implementation of a Reference Measurement System (RMS) at SEMATECH using a current generation CD-AFM. An earlier tool, originally used at SEMATECH, has now been installed at NIST. Uncertainty budgets were developed for pitch, height, and CD measurements using both tools. At present, the standard uncertainties are approximately 0.2 % for pitch measurements and 0.4 % for step height measurements. Prior to the current work, CD-AFM linewidth measurements were limited to a standard uncertainty of about 5 nm. However, this limit can now be significantly reduced. This reduction results from the completion of the NIST/SEMATECH collaboration on the development of single crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCDDRM). A new generation of these reference materials was released to SEMATECH Member Companies during late 2004. The SEMATECH RMS was used to measure the linewidths of selected features on the distributed specimens. To reduce the uncertainty in tip width calibration, a separate transfer experiment was performed in which samples were measured by CD-AFM and then sent for high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In this manner, CD-AFM could be used to transfer the HRTEM width information to the distributed samples. Consequently, we are now able to reduce the limit on the standard uncertainty (k = 1) of CD-AFM width measurements to 1 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 324 EP 336 DI 10.1117/12.601972 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300032 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JM AF Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JM BE Silver, RM TI Cross sectional measurements of dense high aspect ratio patterns using CD-SAXS SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE CD metrology; X-ray scattering; EUV lithography; nanoimprint lithography AB Developing non-destructive, high precision characterization methods of pattern cross section is critical to the maturation of sub-65 nm technologies. In this study, Criticial Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering (CD-SAXS) data are used to non-destructively characterize the dimensions of dense, high aspect ratio patterns with sub-nm precision. Data are presented for a series of photoresist patterns with varying degrees of footer and sidewall angle. The scattering intensity, I, is measured as a function of the scattering vector, q, and the sample rotation angle, omega. The resulting data are transformed to an effective Q(x)-Q(z), plane, representing the Fourier transform of the average pattern cross section. From this data, complex features of cross sectional shape can in principle be obtained through systematic analysis of appropriate intensity slices. Here, we demonstrate the protocol for high precision measurements using CD-SAXS. Data are analyzed to extract average values of pitch, line width, line height, sidewall angle, and the size of afoot or undercut. In addition, the ability of the technique to analyze more complex features, such as lines with curved sidewalls and corner rounding, is discussed. The CD-SAXS technique is found to provide dimensions with sub-nm precision and sidewall angles with sub-degree precision in a non-destructive manner, providing an option for characterization of next generation microelectronic and nanofabricated structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1117/12.600290 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300039 ER PT S AU Villarrubia, JS Bunday, BD AF Villarrubia, JS Bunday, BD BE Silver, RM TI Unbiased estimation of linewidth roughness SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE line edge roughness (LER); linewidth roughness (LWR); measurement algorithms; measurement bias; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; CD-SEM MEASUREMENT; PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; BIAS; LER AB Linewidth roughness (LWR) is usually estimated simply as three standard deviations of the linewidth. The effect of image noise upon this metric includes a positive nonrandom component. The metric is therefore subject to a bias or "systematic error" that we have estimated can be comparable in size to the roughness itself for samples as smooth as required by the industry roadmap. We illustrate the problem using scanning electron microscope images of rough lines. We propose simple changes to the measurement algorithm that, if adopted by metrology instrument suppliers, would permit estimation of LWR without bias caused by image noise. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1117/12.599981 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300047 ER PT S AU Attota, R Silver, RM Germer, TA Bishop, M AF Attota, R Silver, RM Germer, TA Bishop, M BE Silver, RM TI Application of through-focus focus-metric analysis in high resolution optical metrology SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE high resolution optics; focus metric signature; CD metrology; optical aberrations; optical characterization; process control; through focus analysis ID OVERLAY AB The optical image of a structured target, where a particular structure repeats itself several times, varies greatly as it is moved through focus if the spacing between the structures is such that the scattered field from the edges interferes. This condition results in a different and complex optical response compared to that found for structures much farther apart. The complex optical image of a structured target in the proximity region is sensitive to the dimensions of the target and the optical parameters. By appropriately analyzing the through-focus optical image., information can be obtained regarding the target and the optical system. In the present work an array of lines is used as a structured target. Experimental data were obtained using a bright field microscope, and results were simulated using a 'modal diffraction grating model' (also known as a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA)). The gradient-energy focus-metric method was used to characterize the through-focus optical response. The resultant focus metric signature is sensitive to changes in the line width in the nanometer range, giving it potential for metrology applications and characterization of optical tools. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 1441 EP 1449 DI 10.1117/12.621106 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300148 ER PT S AU Pratt, JR Kramar, JA Newell, DB Smith, DT AF Pratt, JR Kramar, JA Newell, DB Smith, DT BE Silver, RM TI Metrologies for quantitative nanomechanical testing and quality control in semiconductor manufacturing SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XIX, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Int SEMATECH DE nanomechanical testing; atomic force microscopy; AFM force calibration; spring constant calibration ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; CONSTANT; BALANCE; REALIZATION; SI AB If nanomechanical testing is to evolve into a tool for process and quality control in semiconductor fabrication, great advances in throughput, repeatability, and accuracy of the associated instruments and measurements will be required. A recent grant awarded by the NIST Advanced Technology Program seeks to address the throughput issue by developing a high-speed AFM-based platform for quantitative nanomechanical measurements. The following paper speaks to the issue of quantitative accuracy by presenting an overview of various standards and techniques under development at NIST and other national metrology institutes (NMIs) that can provide a metrological basis for nanomechanical testing. The infrastructure we describe places firm emphasis on traceability to the International System of Units, paving the way for truly quantitative, rather than qualitative, physical property testing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5732-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5752 BP 1457 EP 1468 DI 10.1117/12.607339 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCN07 UT WOS:000230111300150 ER PT B AU Bergna, S Gorman, JJ Dagalakis, NG AF Bergna, Sebastien Gorman, Jason J. Dagalakis, Nicholas G. GP ASME TI Design and modeling of thermally actuated MEMS nanopositioners SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE nanopositioning; MEMS; thermal actuator ID STAGE; BEAM AB Several micro-scale nanopositioning mechanisms, or MEMS nanopositioners, have been developed for application in nanotechnology and optical sensors. In this paper, the design and modeling of these devices is presented along with initial experimental results. The MEMS nanopositioner is comprised of a parallel bi-lever flexure mechanism and a bent-beam thermal actuator. The flexure mechanism is designed to amplify and guide the motion of the actuator with high precision, while the thermal actuator provides the necessary force and displacement. The relationship between the applied voltage and resulting displacement for this mechanism has been calibrated using a scanning electron microscope and a simple image processing technique. A finite difference thermal model along with a FEA representation of the flexure mechanism and actuator is used to estimate the motion range of the device. Results from this method are compared with experimental calibrations, showing that the model provides a sufficient approach to predict the mechanism's static performance. Finally. an open-loop controller based on calibration data was used to demonstrate the nanopositioning capabilities of these devices. The motion repeatability was found to be less than +/-7 nm and step sizes well below 50 nm are possible, indicating suitable performance for many nanopositioning applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorman, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 561 EP 568 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100089 ER PT S AU Jahn, A Vreeland, WN Gatain, M Locascio, LE AF Jahn, A Vreeland, WN Gatain, M Locascio, LE BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI Multichannel continuous flow microfluidic system for single molecule vials SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE liposome; single-molecule; self-assembly; nanoparticle AB We describe a continuous flow microfluidic network that facilitates the self-assembly of lipids into liposomes for single-molecule containers. Modulation of the flow rates and species concentrations allows for reproducible control of both the liposome size (with a remarkably narrow size distribution) as well as the concentration of molecules of interest encapsulated in the liposomes. Our apparatus, under appropriate conditions produces liposomes with a diameter of 100 nm that encapsulate low concentrations of carboxyfluorescein. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jahn, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000115 ER PT S AU Locascio, LE Brazhnik, K Vreeland, W Kishore, R Helmerson, K AF Locascio, LE Brazhnik, K Vreeland, W Kishore, R Helmerson, K BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI Microfluidic-assisted lipid nanotube formation and manipulation with light SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE lipid nanotubes; optical trapping; laser tweezers; laser scalpel; nanotube growth ID NETWORKS AB Lipid nanotubes and microtubes were formed in a microfluidic channel by flowing buffer solution over a dried phospholipid film to hydrate the phospholipid molecules. Lipid nanotubes and microtubes formed spontaneously in the microchannel and oriented themselves in a direction parallel to the flow direction as reported previously [1]. Lipid tubes formed by this procedure exhibited unusually high aspect ratios (ratio of tube length to diameter) and extraordinary stability when stored hydrated in the microchannels. Lipid tubes were manipulated with optical tweezers immediately after preparation and after storage under various conditions to evaluate their mechanical properties. When fluorescent dyes were inserted into the phospholipid tube membranes at low concentrations, excitation of the dye induced tube movement and growth. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 399 EP 401 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000133 ER PT S AU Balss, KM Vreeland, WN Phinney, KW Ross, D AF Balss, KM Vreeland, WN Phinney, KW Ross, D BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Resolution optimization with chiral temperature gradient focusing SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE chiral; TGF; resolution; separation; temperature ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS AB Chiral separations of dansyl-DL-glutamic acid were performed using temperature gradient focusing with gamma-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Various factors affecting the enantiomeric resolution were studied including the temperature gradient, the average temperature, and the chiral selector concentration. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balss, KM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 560 EP 562 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400186 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, R BE Kakac, S Vasiliev, LL Bayazitoglu, Y Yener, Y TI Microscale heat transfer at low temperatures SO MICROSCALE HEAT TRANSFER: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Microscale Heat Transfer CY JUL 18-30, 2004 CL Cesme Izmir, TURKEY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID OSCILLATING FLOW C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cryogen Technol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cryogen Technol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3359-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 193 BP 93 EP 124 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BCQ19 UT WOS:000230653800005 ER PT B AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, R BE Kakac, S Vasiliev, LL Bayazitoglu, Y Yener, Y TI Heat transfer issues in cryogenic catheters SO Microscale Heat Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Microscale Heat Transfer CY JUL 18-30, 2004 CL Cesme Izmir, TURKEY SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID LOOP CRYOSURGICAL DEVICE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cryogen Technol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cryogen Technol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3359-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 193 BP 445 EP 464 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BCQ19 UT WOS:000230653800024 ER PT S AU Chevrollier, N Montavont, N Golmie, N AF Chevrollier, N. Montavont, N. Golmie, N. GP IEEE TI Handovers and interference mitigation in healthcare environments SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE ID BLUETOOTH AB In this article, we consider candidate wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.15.4 that can support medical and healthcare informatics applications. The main questions that we try to answer are: (1) is there any potential for significant interference when these wireless technologies are present? (2) what are potential solutions to mitigate it? We consider a handover technique for IEEE 802.11b devices as an effective way to mitigate interference and improve performance. We propose the use of packet loss and retransmissions at the MAC layer in order to trigger a WLAN access point handover. Performance for scenarios of interest is measured in terms of packet loss, packet retransmissions, and delay jitter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chevrollier, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 74 EP 80 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500013 ER PT S AU Ross, R Katzke, S Toth, P AF Ross, Ron Katzke, Stuart Toth, Patricia GP IEEE TI The new FISMA standards and guidelines - Changing the Dynamic of Information Security for the Federal Government SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002 places significant requirements on federal agencies for the protection of information and information systems; and places significant requirements on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to assist federal agencies to comply with FISMA. In response to this important legislation, NIST is leading the development of key information system security standards and guidelines as part of, its FISMA Implementation Project (http://csrc.nist.gov/sec-cert/index.html). This high-priority project includes the development of security categorization standards; standards and guidelines for the specification, selection, and testing of security controls for information systems; guidelines for the certification review and accreditation of information systems; and guidelines for the continuous monitoring of controls to ensure they continue to operate as intended. This paper includes a discussion of NIST's FISMA risk management framework (RMF) and the suite of related standards and guidelines being developed by NIST to help federal agencies comply with FISMA requirements (i.e., the FISMA suite of documents). In addition, the paper discusses how agency systems will benefit from applying the FISMA RMF, and why the FISMA RMF and the related suite of standards and guidelines should be of interest to other government sectors (e.g., DoD) and to the commercial sector. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ross, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 864 EP 870 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501031 ER PT S AU Rouil, R Chevrollier, N Golmie, N AF Rouil, Richard Chevrollier, Nicolas Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Unsupervised anomaly detection system using next-generation router architecture SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Unlike many intrusion detection systems that rely mostly on labeled training data, we propose a novel technique for anomaly detection based on unsupervised learning. We apply this technique to counter denial-of-service attacks. Initial simulation results suggest that significant improvements can be obtained. We discuss an implementation of our anomaly detection system in the ForCES router architecture and evaluate it using recorded attack traffic. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rouil, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1654 EP 1659 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920502050 ER PT J AU Carsey, TP Willoughby, HE AF Carsey, TP Willoughby, HE TI Ozone measurements from eyewall transects of two Atlantic tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HURRICANE SEASON; EYE; THERMODYNAMICS; VORTICITY; DYNAMICS AB Measurements of ozone (O-3) concentrations obtained during aircraft eyewall crossings of Tropical Cyclones Floyd (September 1999) and Georges (September 1998) by NOAA P-3 hurricane research aircraft showed marked changes between the intensifying and weakening stages of the storms' life cycles. Renewed deepening appeared to be underway near landfall of both storms. During intensification, ozone levels indicated that air either descended from an altitude <1 km above flight level or was strongly diluted with low-O-3 eyewall air. During weakening, Ozone concentrations were low throughout the eye and eyewall, consistent with the eye's being filled with boundary layer air. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Florida Int Univ, Int Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Carsey, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM thomas.p.carsey@noaa.gov RI Carsey, Thomas/B-7939-2014 OI Carsey, Thomas/0000-0001-9964-5092 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1175/MWR-2844.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CO UT WOS:000226838700010 ER PT J AU Eastin, MD Gray, WM Black, PG AF Eastin, MD Gray, WM Black, PG TI Buoyancy of convective vertical motions in the inner core of intense hurricanes. Part I: General statistics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; CLOUD-WATER METER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TOGA COARE; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; OCEANIC CONVECTION; MATURE HURRICANES; STORM STRUCTURE AB The buoyancy of hurricane convective vertical motions is studied using aircraft data from 175 radial legs collected in 14 intense hurricanes at four altitudes ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 km. The data of each leg are initially filtered to separate convective-scale features from background mesoscale structure. Convective vertical motion events, called cores, are identified using the criteria that the convective-scale vertical velocity must exceed 1.0 in s(-1) for at least 0.5 km. A total of 620 updraft cores and 570 downdraft cores are included in the dataset. Total buoyancy is calculated from convective-scale virtual potential temperature, pressure, and liquid water content using the mesoscale structure as the reference state. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Eastin, MD (reprint author), Cent Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 812 Univ, Palla, IA 50219 USA. EM eastinm@central.edu NR 66 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 188 EP 208 DI 10.1175/MWR-2848.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CO UT WOS:000226838700012 ER PT J AU Eastin, MD Gray, WM Black, PG AF Eastin, MD Gray, WM Black, PG TI Buoyancy of convective vertical motions in the inner core of intense hurricanes. Part II: Case studies SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; DOPPLER RADAR; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; MATURE HURRICANES; SHEAR; ATLANTIC AB This is the second of two papers on the buoyancy of convective vertical motions in the inner core of intense hurricanes. This paper uses extensive airborne radar, dropwindsonde, and flight-level observations in Hurricanes Guillermo (1997) and Georges (1998) to illustrate typical azimuthal distribution of buoyant convection and demonstrate that the low-level eye can be an important source region for buoyant eyewall convection. In both hurricanes, eyewall vertical velocity and radar reflectivity are asymmetric and exhibit persistent relationships with the direction of the environmental vertical wind shear. Mesoscale vertical motions exhibit a wavenumber-1 structure with maximum ascent downshear and weak descent upshear. The mesoscale reflectivity maxima are located left-of-shear. Buoyant eyewall updraft cores and transient convective-scale reflectivity cells are predominantly downshear and left-of-shear. Most eyewall downdraft cores that transport significant mass downward are located upshear. Negative buoyancy was most common in left-of-shear downdrafts, with positive buoyancy dominant in upshear downdrafts. Inward-spiraling rainbands located outside the eyewall exhibit upband/downband asymmetries. Upband segments contain more convective reflectivity cells and buoyant updraft cores than the more stratiform downband segments. Equal numbers of downdraft cores are found upband and downband, but the majority exhibit negative buoyancy. Several buoyant updraft cores encountered in the midlevel eyewall exhibit equivalent potential temperatures (theta(e)) much higher than the theta(e) observed in the low-level eyewall, but equivalent to the 0, observed in the low-level eye. Asymmetric low-wavenumber circulations appear responsible for exporting the high-theta(e) eye air into the relatively low-theta(e) eyewall and generating the locally buoyant updraft cores. Implications of these results upon conceptual models of hurricane structure are discussed. Three mechanisms, whereby an ensemble of asymmetric buoyant convection could contribute to hurricane evolution, are also discussed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Eastin, MD (reprint author), Cent Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 812 Univ, Pella, IA 50219 USA. EM eastinm@central.edu NR 58 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1175/MWR-2849.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CO UT WOS:000226838700013 ER PT J AU Bedard, AJ AF Bedard, AJ TI Low-frequency atmospheric acoustic energy associated with vortices produced by thunderstorms SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; GRAVITY-WAVES; INFRASOUND; SOUND; TORNADO; DISTURBANCES; MOTION; CLOUDS; VORTEX AB An infrasonic observatory collocated with the Colorado State University CHILL radar during the summer of 1995 permitted unique comparisons between severe storm kinematics and detected acoustic energy at subaudible frequencies near 1 Hz. Radar observations of a velocity couplet aloft (evolving into a tornado) showed a circulation maximum descending for about 30 min while moving to the east. The detected infrasound followed the trend of these observations. A model of sound radiated from vortex systems predicts frequencies in the range observed. These data are interpreted in the context of past infrasonic observations. An ongoing study comparing regional tornado and funnel sightings with archived infrasonic data has identified over 100 cases to date where the infrasonic signals occurred at the time of, and from the direction of, the vortices. For some of these cases, the distances were greater than 100 kin. The author and his associates continue to collect datasets to permit further evaluation of infrasonic detection methods. C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bedard, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Alfred.J.Bedard@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 241 EP 263 DI 10.1175/MWR-2851.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CO UT WOS:000226838700015 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Mullen, SL Gao, X Sorooshian, S Du, J Juang, HMH AF Yuan, H Mullen, SL Gao, X Sorooshian, S Du, J Juang, HMH TI Verification of probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts over the southwest United States during winter 2002/03 by the RSM ensemble system SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; PROSPECTUS DEVELOPMENT TEAM; WEATHER RESEARCH-PROGRAM; PREDICTION SYSTEM; ECONOMIC VALUE; ETA-MODEL; NCEP; SKILL; NMC; PERTURBATIONS AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) is used to generate ensemble forecasts over the southwest United States during the 151 days of 1 November 2002 to 31 March 2003. RSM forecasts to 24 h on a 12-km grid are produced from 0000 and 1200 UTC initial conditions. Eleven ensemble members are run each forecast cycle from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) ensemble analyses (one control and five pairs of bred modes) and forecast lateral boundary conditions. The model domain covers two NOAA River Forecast Centers: the California Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) and the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC). Ensemble performance is evaluated for probabilistic forecasts of 24-h accumulated precipitation in terms of several accuracy and skill measures. Differences among several NCEP precipitation analyses are assessed along with their impact on model verification, with NCEP stage IV blended analyses selected to represent "truth." Forecast quality and potential Value are found to depend strongly on the verification dataset, geographic region, and precipitation threshold. In general, the RSM forecasts are skillful over the CNRFC region for thresholds between 1 and 50 mm but are unskillful over the CBRFC region. The model exhibits a wet bias for all thresholds that is larger over Nevada and the CBRFC region than over California. Mitigation of such biases over the Southwest will pose serious challenges to the modeling community in view of the uncertainties inherent in verifying analyses. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. NWS, NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Yuan, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E-4130 Engn Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM yhl@hwr.arizona.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1175/MWR-2858.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CO UT WOS:000226838700017 ER PT B AU Luo, Y Lee, YT AF Luo, Y Lee, YT BE Arabnia, HR TI Application of machine shop data model in manufacturing simulation SO MSV '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods (MSV 05) CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP CSREA, Int Technol Inst, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE information model; manufacturing simulation; simulation model AB Simulation technology holds tremendous promise for the manufacturing industry. A machine shop data model has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to represent neutral machine shop data for supporting machine shop manufacturing simulation [I]. This paper discusses the data model and its application in manufacturing simulation. The paper also proposes an application framework that integrates the simulation model, machine shop database, and machine shop XML (Extensible Markup Language) data document. A prototype system is developed to present the application of machine shop data model using the proposed framework. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-70-X PY 2005 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEC24 UT WOS:000236733900001 ER PT S AU Goldberg, M King, T Wolf, W Barnet, C Gu, H Zhou, LH AF Goldberg, M King, T Wolf, W Barnet, C Gu, H Zhou, LH BE Larar, AM Suzuki, M Tong, Q TI Using MODIS with AIERS to develop an operational cloud-cleared radiance product SO MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Instruments and Applications II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm ID SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; ATMOSPHERES; SOUNDER; AIRS AB Today, most Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) centers are assimilating cloud-free radiances. Radiances from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder have been directly assimilated in NWP models with modest positive impacts. However, since only 5% percentage of AIRS fields of view (fovs) are cloud-free, only very small amounts of the data in the lower troposphere are assimilated. (Note that channels in the mid-upper stratosphere are always assimilated since they are never contaminated by clouds.) The highest vertical resolving power of AIRS is in the lower troposphere. To further improve forecast skill we must increase the use of channels in the lower troposphere. This can be accomplished by assimilating cloud-cleared radiances, which has a yield of about 50%. Since cloud-cleared radiance may have residual cloud contamination and forecast accuracy is very sensitive to the accuracy of the input observations, a technique has been developed to use the 1 km infrared channels on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to quality control the cloud-cleared radiances derived from an array of 3 x 3 high spectral infrared sounder AIRS 14 km fovs. This is accomplished by finding MODIS clear radiances values within the AIRS field of view. The MODIS clear radiances are compared to cloud-cleared AIRS radiances that have been convolved to the MODIS spectral resolution. Our studies have found that the cloud-cleared radiances error statistics are very similar to cloud-free (clear) when MODIS data are used to remove potential outliers in the population of AIRS cloud-cleared radiances. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Goldberg, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5616-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5655 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.578824 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BBT08 UT WOS:000227663600013 ER PT S AU Goldberg, MD Zhou, LH Wolf, W Barnet, C Divakarla, MG AF Goldberg, MD Zhou, LH Wolf, W Barnet, C Divakarla, MG BE Larar, AM Suzuki, M Tong, Q TI Applications of principal component analysis (PCA) on AIRS data SO MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Instruments and Applications II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm ID PRODUCTS AB Observations from the high spectral resolution Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA EOS AQUA platform are providing improved information on the temporal and spatial distribution of key atmospheric parameters, such as temperature, moisture and clouds. These parameters are important for improving real-time weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and climate prediction. Trace gas products such as ozone, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane are also derived. High spectral resolution infrared radiances from AIRS are assimilated into numerical weather prediction models. The soundings and radiances are provided in near real-time by NOAA/NESDIS to the NWP community. A significant component of the NOAA/NESDIS AIRS processing is to apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the original AIRS 2000+ channel radiances. PCA is used for monitoring of the AIRS detectors, dynamic noise estimation and filtering, errant channel recovery, radiance reconstruction, and deriving an initial guess for profiles of temperature, moisture, ozone and other geophysical parameters. Since PCA has the ability to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset while retaining the significant information content, investigations are being done on its applications to AIRS data compression and archiving. Data compression is one of the key issues for the new generation of high spectral resolution satellite sensors. Our current AIRS research will allow us to provide valuable information and real-time experience to the generation of products for future sensors, such as the EUMETSAT IASI and NPOESS CrIS advanced infrared sounders. Examples of each application, along with details on the generation and application of eigenvectors are presented in this paper. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Goldberg, MD (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5616-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5655 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1117/12.578939 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BBT08 UT WOS:000227663600051 ER PT S AU Krogmeier, JR Hwang, J AF Krogmeier, JR Hwang, J BE Cartwright, AN Osinski, M TI Data analysis considerations in probing single quantum dot fluorescence intermittency SO Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; fluorescence intermittency; blinking; threshold analysis; single molecule microscopy ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BLINKING; JUMPS AB The fluorescence intermittency of single, bare, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was probed using single molecule confocal microscopy and found to demonstrate power law kinetics. Various threshold values and line fitting parameters are employed in the data analysis and their effects on the extracted power law exponents, m(off) and m(on), are presented. The threshold is found to be critical in determining m(off) while having no significant effect on m(on). The mean plus 2 sigma threshold, calculated from the background noise in the measurement, results in a more negative m(off) slope in comparison to the mean plus 3 sigma or mean plus 4 sigma thresholds. This is likely due to the mean plus 2 sigma threshold lying within the background noise outliers which mimic short on events. In contrast, the mean plus 4 sigma threshold is above 99.99% of the background noise while adequately below the fluorescence signal. Additionally, it is found that fitting only the ten most probable data points rather than all the data points in the log-log probability density graphs results in no significant change in m(off) and m(on). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krogmeier, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5679-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5705 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1117/12.590707 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCH92 UT WOS:000229367700032 ER PT J AU Lindsay, JM Shepherd, JB Wilson, D AF Lindsay, JM Shepherd, JB Wilson, D TI Volcanic and scientific activity at Kick'em Jenny submarine volcano 2001-2002: Implications for volcanic hazard in the Southern Grenadines, Lesser Antilles SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Kick'em Jenny; submarine volcano; submarine eruption; tsunami; volcano seismology; bathymetric survey ID CUMBRE VIEJA VOLCANO; OCTOBER 24 1965; LA-PALMA; ERUPTIONS; LOCATION; ARC AB Kick 'em Jenny submarine volcano, similar to8 km north of Grenada, has erupted at least 12 times since it was first discovered in 1939, making it the most frequently active volcano in the Lesser Antilles arc. The volcano lies in shallow water close to significant population centres and directly beneath a major shipping route, and as a consequence an understanding of the eruptive behaviour and potential hazards at the volcano is critical. The most recent eruption at Kick 'em Jenny occurred on December 4 2001, and differed significantly from past eruptions in that it was preceded by an intensive volcanic earthquake swarm. In March 2002 a multi-beam bathymetric survey of the volcano and its surroundings was carried out by the NOAA ship Ronald H Brown. This survey provided detailed three-dimensional images of the volcano, revealing the detailed morphology of the summit area. The volcano is capped by a summit crater which is breached to the northeast and which varies in diameter from 300 to 370 m. The depth to the summit (highest point on the crater rim) is 185 m and the depth to the lowest point inside the crater is 264 m. No dome is present within the crater. The crater and summit region of Kick 'em Jenny are located at the top of an asymmetrical cone which is about 1300 m from top to bottom on its western side. It lies within what appear to be the remnants of a much larger arcuate collapse structure. An evaluation of the morphology, bathymetry and eruptive history of the volcano indicates that the threat of eruption-generated tsunamis is considerably lower than previously thought, mainly because the volcano is no longer thought to be growing towards the surface. Of more major and immediate concern are the direct hazards associated with the volcano, such as ballistic ejecta, water disturbances and lowered water density due to degassing. C1 Univ W Indies, Seism Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. NOAA, OAR, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Lindsay, JM (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Seism Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM jan_lindsay@uwiseismic.com RI Lindsay, Jan/H-1716-2013 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-1566-2 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 890IY UT WOS:000226506100001 ER PT J AU Ryan, JC Morey, JS Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Ryan, JC Morey, JS Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM TI Acute phase gene expression in mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin domoic acid SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; excitotoxicity; microarray; gene expression; ischemia; marine biotoxin ID CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 MESSENGER-RNA; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; NF-KAPPA-B; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; KAINIC ACID; EXTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATIONS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; BRAIN; PROTEIN; RAT AB Domoic acid is a rigid analog of the neurotransmitter glutamate and a potent agonist of kainate subtype glutamate receptors. Persistent activation of these receptor subtypes results in rapid excitotoxicity, calcium dependent cell death and neuronal lesions in areas of the brain where kainate pathways are concentrated. To better understand responses to domoic acid induced excitotoxicity, microarrays were used to profile gene expression in mouse brain following domoic acid exposure. Adult female mice were subjected intraperitoneally to domoic acid at the lethal dose 50, killed and dissected at 30, 60 and 240 min post-injection. Total brain RNA from treated mice was compared with time-matched controls on Agilent 22K feature microarrays. Real-time PCR was performed on selected genes. For the 30, 60 and 240 min time points, 3.96%, 3.94% and 4.36% of the genes interrogated were differentially expressed (P-value <= 0.01), respectively. Rigorous filtering of the data resulted in a set of 56 genes used for trending analysis and K-medians and agglomerative clustering. The earliest genes induced consisted primarily of early response gene families (Jun, Fos, ler, Egr, growth arrest and DNA damage 45) and the inflammatory response element cyclooxygenase 2. Some later responding genes involved glucocorticoid responses (Gilz, Sgk), cold inducible proteins (Cirbp, Rbm3), Map kinases (Map3k6) and NF-B-K inhibition. Real-time PCR in male mice from an additional study confirmed the expression of several of these genes across gender. The transcriptional profile induced by domoic acid shared similarity with expression profiles of brain ischemia and other excitotoxins, suggesting a common transcriptional response. (c) 2005 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomo, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ryan, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomo, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.ryan@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2005 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.047 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 000JQ UT WOS:000234458200012 PM 16216424 ER PT S AU Peral, I Curtis, JE Chakoumakos, BC Jones, CY AF Peral, I Curtis, JE Chakoumakos, BC Jones, CY BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Structure and dynamics of propylene oxide and trimethylene oxide clathrate hydrates SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; DEUTERATE AB We present results from studies of the structure and dynamics of clathrate hydrates of three cyclic ethers by neutron diffraction and preliminary results on molecular dynamics simulations. Recent results from neutron powder diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering of studies of propylene oxide (PO, C3H6O) and its isomer trimethyelene oxide (TMO, C3H6O), are compared with structural results obtained previously for tetrahydrofuran (THF, C3H5O). Experimental evidence of distortions of the host structures with temperature is discussed in light of the findings from quasielastic neutron scattering, which indicate distinct regions of high-temperature and low-temperature rotational dynamics and a temperature dependence related to the size of the guest. Preliminary. MD results indicate a general expansion of the lattice with temperature resulting in increased volume available to PO. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peral, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500005 ER PT S AU Lynn, JW Huang, Q Cava, RJ Lee, YS AF Lynn, JW Huang, Q Cava, RJ Lee, YS BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Structure and dynamics of NaxCoO2 and the hydrated superconductor SO NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING AS PROBES OF MULTISCALE PHENOMENA SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The properties of the NaxCoO2, class of materials are of interest from a number of viewpoints. These compounds are based on a triangular lattice of spin-1/2 ions-prototype.RVB system-where a high thermoelectric-power Curie-Weiss metallic paramagnet is found for Na0.7CoO2 a charge ordered insulator at x = 0.5, and a paramagnetic metal where superconductivity is induced in Na0.3CoO2 when it is intercalated with water. Here we briefly review our neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering measurements characterizing the crystal structure and lattice dynamics, and relate these to the observed physical properties, The basic structure of NaxCoO2 is hexagonal and consists of robust layers Of CoO2 interspersed by Na layers with two inequivalent sites. Two special cases are x = 1 where one of these sites is fully occupied and the other empty, and x = 1/2 where both sites have equal occupancies of 1/4 and the system is a charge ordered insulator, For general x the site occupancies are inequivalent and vary systematically with x. In the regime of x = 0.75 we find a first-order transition from a high symmetry Na site at low T to a three-fold split site (with lower symmetry) at high T. This transition is first order and varies with x. For the Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.4(H/D)(2)O superconductor, the water forms two additional layers between the Na and CoO2, increasing the c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal P6(3)/mmc space group from 11.16 angstrom to 19.5 angstrom. The Na ions are found to occupy a different configuration from the parent compound, while the water forms a structure that replicates the structure of ice to a good approximation. We find a strong inverse correlation between the CoO2 layer thickness and the superconducting transition temperature (T-C increases with decreasing thickness). The phonon density-of-states for Na0.3CoO2 exhibits distinct acoustic and optic bands, with a high-energy cutoff of similar to 100 meV. The lattice dynamical scattering for the superconductor is dominated by the hydrogen modes, with librational and bending modes that are quite similar to ice, supporting the structural model that the water intercalates and forms ice-like layers in the superconductor. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500012 ER PT J AU Sharp, WC Bertelsen, RD Leeworthy, VR AF Sharp, WC Bertelsen, RD Leeworthy, VR TI Long-term trends in the recreational lobster fishery of Florida, United States: landings, effort, and implications for management SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management CY FEB 08-13, 2004 CL Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Univ Tasmania, Hobart, AUSTRALIA SP Govt Western Australian, Dept Fisheries, Nat Heritage Trust, CSIRO, Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishermens Assoc, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Darden Restaurants, Santos, S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Royal Soc New Zealand, NZ RLIO, NSW Fisheries, Australian Govt, Dept Agr, Fisheries & Forestry HO Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Univ Tasmania DE Caribbean spiny lobster; Panulirus argus; recreational fishery; mail survey ID PANULIRUS-ARGUS; SPINY LOBSTER AB In Florida, United States, the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, supports an important commercial fishery and also perhaps the most intensive recreational fishery of any lobster species, with sales of recreational lobster fishing permits exceeding 10,0 000 annually. For the past decade, we have used mail surveys of recreational lobster license holders to estimate spatially explicit landings and fishing effort when recreational fishers are most active-during the state's "Special Two-Day Sport Season", which takes place just before the opening of the commercial season, and during the first month of the regular recreational season, which coincides with the commercial season. From 1993 through 2002, fishing effort during the Special Two-Day Sport Season has ranged from 60 000 to 112 000 person-days, and landings have ranged from c. 112 to 255 t. Both fishing effort and landings have varied without trend. Fishing effort during the regular season over the same period has ranged from 261000 to 514 000 person-days, and landings have ranged from 434 to 825 t. Fishing effort has shown a marginally statistically significant decreasing trend, the result of a progressive decrease in effort since 1999. The largest proportion of both fishing effort and landings was concentrated along the south-east coast. Despite the recent decrease in landings, the proportion of total landings made by the recreational fishery has increased. From 1993 through 1998, the fishery was responsible for c. 30% of commercial landings; by 2001, that percentage increased to nearly 40%. Such a shift in landings away from the commercial trap fishery toward the recreational fishery was recognised as a potential but unintended effect of the ongoing management plan of restricting effort in the commercial trap fishery. Our 2001 surveys revealed that recreational lobster fishers spent more on a person-day basis than the general visitor to the Florida Keys did, but less than those visitors using the region's coral reefs. Consequently, managers must establish management strategies that allow the coexistence of this resource's user groups and also incorporate the social and environmental concerns of nonuser groups. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NOAA, Off Management & Budget, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sharp, WC (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Marine Fisheries Management, 2590 Execut Ctr Circle E,Suite 201, Tallahassee, FL USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8330 J9 NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH JI N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 733 EP 747 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 948EG UT WOS:000230698200023 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Iwamoto, EM AF Gustafson, RG Iwamoto, EM TI A DNA-based identification key to pacific northwest freshwater mussel glochidia: Importance to salmonid and mussel conservation SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; L PELECYPODA-MARGARITANIDAE; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOST FISHES; COHO SALMON; BIVALVIA AB Glochidia larvae of unionacean mussels native to Pacific coast drainages are temporary obligate parasites on the gills or fins of fish, including juvenile Pacific salmonids. This parasitic condition in fishes has been termed glochidiosis, and may have a detrimental impact on both long- and short-term survival and growth in juvenile salmonids, particularly in hatcheries. Here we report diagnostic differences in the nucleotide sequences of a 710-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from five unionacean freshwater mussels native to the Pacific Northwest: the western pearlshell Margaritifera falcata; the western ridged mussel Gonidea angulata; the Yukon floater Anodonta beringiana; and two additional species of the genus Anodonta (tentatively, the winged floater A. nuttalliana and the Oregon floater A. oregonensis). Digestion of polymerase chain reaction products for the COI gene with the restriction endonuclease AluI produced species-specific differences in size and number of mitochondrial DNA fragments. These DNA fragment patterns were diagnostic for glochidia that were sampled from the gills of juvenile Pacific salmon. We anticipate that this molecular-identification tool for mussel glochidia will be useful in both ecological studies of natural glochidia-host relationships and in salmonid hatchery situations where specific glochidia pathogens require identification. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM Rick.Gustafson@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 4 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049HY UT WOS:000238008300004 ER PT S AU Wiese, WL AF Wiese, WL BE Clark, REH Reiter, DH TI The NIST atomic structure databases SO NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH: UNDERSTANDING PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTIONS SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Meeting of the International-Atomic-Energy-Agency CY OCT 28-31, 2002 CL Inst Plasmaphys, Forschungszentrum, Julich, GERMANY HO Inst Plasmaphys, Forschungszentrum ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES AB The NIST atomic structure databases are reviewed, with special emphasis on the comprehensive Atomic Spectra Database (ASD). Most of the data critically compiled at NIST over the last 35 years are included in this large database. The main features of the World Wide Web based database are discussed in some detail, and an outlook on future expansions and updates is provided. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wiese, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wolfgang.wiese@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-23038-6 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2005 VL 78 BP 385 EP 398 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCC35 UT WOS:000228557000017 ER PT J AU Theruvathu, JA Jaruga, P Nath, RG Dizdaroglu, M Brooks, PJ AF Theruvathu, JA Jaruga, P Nath, RG Dizdaroglu, M Brooks, PJ TI Polyamines stimulate the formation of mutagenic 1,N-2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts from acetaldehyde SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA-ADDUCTS; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; DEOXYGUANOSINE ADDUCTS; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; SALIVARY ACETALDEHYDE; GUANINE NUCLEOSIDES; FANCONI-ANEMIA; VINYL-ACETATE; CANCER-RISK; CROSS-LINKS AB Alcoholic beverage consumption is associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Acetaldehyde (AA), the first metabolite of ethanol, is a suspected human carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms underlying AA carcinogenicity are unclear. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that polyamines could facilitate the formation of mutagenic alpha-methyl-gamma-hydroxy-1,N-2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (Cr-PdG) adducts from biologically relevant AA concentrations. We found that Cr-PdG adducts could be formed by reacting deoxyguanosine with mu M concentrations of AA in the presence of spermidine, but not with either AA or spermidine alone. The identities of the Cr-PdG adducts were confirmed by both liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using a novel isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay, we found that in the presence of 5 mM spermidine, AA concentrations of 100 mu M and above resulted in the formation of Cr-PdG in genomic DNA. These AA levels are within the range that occurs in human saliva after alcoholic beverage consumption. We also showed that spermidine directly reacts with AA to generate crotonaldehyde (CrA), most likely via an enamine aldol condensation mechanism. We propose that AA derived from ethanol metabolism is converted to CrA by polyamines in dividing cells, forming Cr-PdG adducts, which may be responsible for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverage consumption. C1 NIAAA, Mol Neurobiol Sect, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Brooks, PJ (reprint author), NIAAA, Mol Neurobiol Sect, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane,Room 3S32,MSC 9412, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. EM pjbrooks@mail.nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 59 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3513 EP 3520 DI 10.1093/nar/gki661 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 943ID UT WOS:000230345800013 PM 15972793 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Krueger, S Gregurick, SK AF Zhou, J Krueger, S Gregurick, SK TI A coarse graining approach to determine nucleic acid structures from small angle neutron scattering profiles in solution SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DNA-CATION INTERACTIONS; DOUBLE-HELICAL DNA; B-DNA; X-RAY; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; MINOR-GROOVE; A-DNA; D(CCAACGTTGG)(2) DECAMER; CRYSTAL ENVIRONMENT AB We present a theoretical method to calculate the small angle neutron scattering profile of nucleic acid structures in solution. Our approach is sensitive to the sequence and the structure of the nucleic acid. In order to test our approach, we apply this method to the calculation of the experimental scattered intensity of the decamer d(CCAACGTTGG)(2) in H2O. This sequence was specifically chosen for this study as it is believed to adopt a canonical B-form structure in 0.3 M NaCl. We find that not only will our methodology reproduce the experimental scattered intensity for this sequence, but our method will also discriminate between B-, A- and Z-form DNA. By studying the scattering profile of this structure in 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl, we are also able to identify tetraplex and other similar oligomers formation and to model the complex using the experimental scattering data in conjunction with our methodology. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gregurick, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, 100 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM greguric@umbc.edu NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 19 BP 6361 EP 6371 DI 10.1093/nar/gki936 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 987BR UT WOS:000233493900036 PM 16282586 ER PT S AU Stoudt, MR Mates, SP Hubbard, JB Pitchure, DJ AF Stoudt, MR Mates, SP Hubbard, JB Pitchure, DJ BE Smith, LM Pourboghrat, F Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB TI Evaluating the dynamic character of friction during metal forming SO Numisheet 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes CY AUG 15-19, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP Amer Iron & Steel Inst, DaimlerChrysler Corp, Ford Motor Corp, Gen Motors Corp ID ASPERITY DEFORMATION; SLIDING FRICTION; SHEET; BEHAVIOR; CONTACT AB The inhomogeneous distribution of surface asperities generated by deformation induces variability in the friction and initiates strain localizations during metal forming. The friction literature generally does not account for the strong influence localized variations in material properties have on the friction behavior. A prototype apparatus was developed that measures the friction behavior under simulated forming conditions and enables detailed characterization of the influences of the microstructure and the topographical conditions that occur under those conditions. The results demonstrate that the measurement system can resolve subtle real-time changes in the dynamic friction coefficient, and that a correlation could exist between the largest surface asperities and the largest variations in the measured friction coefficient. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0265-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 778 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCX79 UT WOS:000231795800021 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA Foecke, T AF Iadicola, MA Foecke, T BE Smith, LM Pourboghrat, F Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB TI Effect of plastic deformation and strain history on X-ray elastic constants SO Numisheet 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes CY AUG 15-19, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP Amer Iron & Steel Inst, DaimlerChrysler Corp, Ford Motor Corp, Gen Motors Corp C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0265-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 778 BP 240 EP 240 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCX79 UT WOS:000231795800039 ER PT S AU Foecke, T Iadicola, MA AF Foecke, T Iadicola, MA BE Smith, LM Pourboghrat, F Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB TI Direct measurement of multiaxial yield loci as a function of plastic strain SO Numisheet 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes CY AUG 15-19, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP Amer Iron & Steel Inst, DaimlerChrysler Corp, Ford Motor Corp, Gen Motors Corp C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, MESL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, MESL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0265-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 778 BP 388 EP 388 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCX79 UT WOS:000231795800064 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA Foecke, T Stoughton, TB AF Iadicola, MA Foecke, T Stoughton, TB BE Smith, LM Pourboghrat, F Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB TI Experimental procedures and results for benchmark 3: Stage 2 forming process SO Numisheet 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes CY AUG 15-19, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP Amer Iron & Steel Inst, DaimlerChrysler Corp, Ford Motor Corp, Gen Motors Corp DE stress measurement; formability; Marciniak; X-ray diffraction AB The Numisheet 2005 Benchmark #3 consists of a two stage forming process performed on four materials (three steels and one aluminum). Stage 1 consists of forming channel sections in a channel draw die with variable penetration draw beads, and is described in detail in another report. In Stage 2, described here, the samples from Stage I are trimmed and subjected to near plane strain Marciniak style cup test. The plane straining is performed in 0 degrees and 90 degrees orientations. After failure limits for the cup depths are determined, trimmed samples from Stage 1 are strained to specific cup depths (less than the depth of failure) and stresses are measured in situ using a unique X-ray diffraction technique. The results are repeatable and consistent with expectations. The goal of this benchmark is to check not only the strain achieved during a two stage forming process, but also to develop data that include the stresses achieved. These results may then be used to further test the ability of numerical models to predict not only strains but stresses during a forming process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0265-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 778 BP 905 EP 915 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCX79 UT WOS:000231795800150 ER PT J AU Thiele, MT Pollnac, RB Christie, P AF Thiele, MT Pollnac, RB Christie, P TI Relationships between coastal tourism and ICM sustainability in the central Visayas region of the Philippines SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB As part of the Integrated Coastal Management Sustainability Research Project (ICMSRP), this study investigated the relationship between tourism and the success and sustainability of processes initiated by one ICM project in particular, the Central Visayas Regional Project (CVRP). CVRP is widely regarded as the first major externally funded coastal management project to take on a community-based, yet integrated, approach to rural development and resource management in the Philippines. CVRP was implemented by the World Bank from 1984-1992 across 16 coastal municipalities. Such a large and geographically widespread integrated coastal management project is bound to have site specific variances due to the presence or absence of certain community characteristics as well as differences between project personnel. It is these local variations that can have differential impacts on the sustainability of integrated coastal management planning and implementation. This paper focuses on the impacts of local variation in one community level variable (intensity of tourism). By looking for variation in impacts within one project (CVRP) across 23 sites, we are controlling the differences of overall project design while examining the impacts of differences in local context. Data analysis revealed that the presence of coastal tourism had a positive relationship with the compliance and access indicator, but a negative relationship with both the quality of life indicator and activities sustained indicator, warranting a more thorough investigation of the costs and benefits associated with coastal tourism activities. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sactuaries Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Henry M Jackson Sch Int Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thiele, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sactuaries Program, 1305 E W Highwayk,N-ORM-6, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM monika.thiele@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3-6 BP 378 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.04.011 PG 15 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 948WE UT WOS:000230745600010 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, RS Watson, LM Parks, JE Cid, GA AF Pomeroy, RS Watson, LM Parks, JE Cid, GA TI How is your MPA doing? A methodology for evaluating the management effectiveness of marine protected areas SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Effective management of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires continuous feedback of information to achieve objectives. in 2000, a collaborative initiative was launched to improve the management of MPAs. The initiative focused on working with managers, planners, and other decision-makers to develop a set of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of MPA use. This initiative was aimed at both enhancing the potential and capability for adaptive management of MPAs, as well as improving our understanding of how effective MPAs that are now being used around the world. This paper presents an overview of the MPA management effectiveness methodology and indicators, summary results of the testing phase of the guidebook at 18 MPAs around the world, and considerations for its application and use as an adaptive management tool for MPAs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Special Projects Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Int Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pomeroy, RS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Connecticut Sea Grant, Avery Point,380 Marine Sci Bldg,1080 Shennecosset, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM robert.pomeroy@uconn.edu NR 12 TC 93 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 485 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.05.004 PG 18 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 967JB UT WOS:000232086400001 ER PT J AU Cicin-Sain, B Belfiore, S AF Cicin-Sain, B Belfiore, S TI Linking marine protected areas to integrated coastal and ocean management: A review of theory and practice SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Parks Congress CY SEP 08-17, 2003 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA SP IUNC AB If managed in isolation, coastal and marine protected areas (MPAs) are vulnerable to natural resource development and exploitation occurring outside these areas-in particular, overfishing, alteration and destruction of habitats, and water Pollution. Thus, protection of coastal and marine areas-of species, habitats, landscapes, and seascapes-should be integrated into spatial development strategies for larger areas, Linder the umbrella of integrated coastal and ocean management (ICM). This is typically easier said than done, since the actors involved in MPA networks and in ICM programs are often different, reflecting different cultures, networks of relationships, ministries, and goals and motivations. This article reviews the ecological, social and economic linkages between MPAs and the governance of broader ocean and coastal areas; sets forth nine guiding principles for managing MPAs within an ICM context; reviews work conducted under the Convention on Biological Diversity to operationalize the linkages between ICM and MPAs; and develops strategic guidance for addressing these linkages. The article ends with a call to bring together the diverse communities involved in marine protected areas, coastal and ocean management, and watershed management to collaborate in national-level ocean and coastal planning, including in the designation of networks of marine protected areas. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Delaware, Gerard J Mangone Ctr Marine Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NOAA, Int Program Off, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Cicin-Sain, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Gerard J Mangone Ctr Marine Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM bcs@udel.edu NR 22 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 847 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.01.001 PG 22 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 024IH UT WOS:000236188200002 ER PT J AU Keller, BD Causey, BD AF Keller, BD Causey, BD TI Linkages between the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Parks Congress CY SEP 08-17, 2003 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA SP IUNC ID CORAL-REEF; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; MASS MORTALITY; BAY AB The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is a large, multiple-use marine protected area, including a network of fully protected marine zones, which was designated in 1990 to protect the coral reef ecosystem Surrounding the Florida Keys. The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration (SFER) Initiative was formed in 1993 to restore more natural flows to the ecosystem, restore and enhance the natural system, and transform the built environment. These two large-scale efforts at ecosystem-based management are tightly linked, albeit asymmetrically because of the importance of restored flows of pure fresh water across the Everglades and into the coastal ecosystem. The growing population of South Florida, combined with increasing development, agriculture, and other human activities, imperils the entire South Florida ecosystem, from the headwaters of Lake Okeechobee to the Florida Reef Tract. This paper presents the evolution and characteristics of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the SFER Initiative, which have both been tasked with addressing complex issues regarding ecosystem-based management. Key linkages between these programs involve connectivity, both physical and human, through circulation patterns and exchange processes in South Florida coastal waters and through the complex bureaucracy that has grown to manage human uses of natural resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. RP Keller, BD (reprint author), Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, POB 500368, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. EM brian.keller@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 869 EP 900 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.03.008 PG 32 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 024IH UT WOS:000236188200003 ER PT J AU Kantha, L Bao, JW Carniel, S AF Kantha, L Bao, JW Carniel, S TI A note on Tennekes hypothesis and its impact on second moment closure models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE second moment closure; turbulence models ID GEOPHYSICAL TURBULENCE MODELS; LENGTH-SCALE EQUATION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE AB Tennekes [Lecture Notes on Turbulence, World Scientific (1989) 32] postulated that the shear production term should drop out of the equation for the rate of change of the turbulence macroscale. This hypothesis has been invoked by some second moment closure modelers. to conveniently fix the value for one of the constants in the equation for the turbulence length scale. In this note. we examine Tennekes hypothesis and its impact on second moment turbulence closure models. which are a part of present-day ocean circulation models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CNR, Inst Marine Sci, I-30125 Venice, Italy. RP Kantha, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kantha@colorado.edu RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.03.001 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 889HF UT WOS:000226433400002 ER PT J AU Shaji, C Wang, C Halliwell, GR Wallcraft, A AF Shaji, C Wang, C Halliwell, GR Wallcraft, A TI Simulation of tropical pacific and Atlantic oceans using a hybrid coordinate ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE HYCOM; non-uniform grid; tropical circulation; simulation; observed data ID HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL COORDINATE; NORTH; THERMOBARICITY; HYCOM; GCM AB The climatological annual cycle of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is simulated using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured in a non-uniform horizontal grid spanning 30 degrees S-65.5 degrees N and 102 degrees E- 15 degrees E. The model is initialized with climatological summer temperature and salinity and is forced by climatological atmospheric fields derived from the COADS and ECMWF ERA-15 reanalysis. The model is spun up for 20 years to reach a reasonable steady state in the primary region of interest from 20 degrees S to 20 degrees N, and year 20 is analyzed. The COADS simulation is primarily analyzed because it is slightly better in more respects than the ECMWF simulation, particularly in the representation of upper-ocean thermal structure. The model generally reproduces the seasonal variability of major circulation features in both oceans reasonably well when compared to climatologies derived from several observational datasets (surface drifters, TAO mooring array, COADS, Levitus, Pathfinder SST), and when compared to other model simulations. Model evaluation is complicated by the fact that the different climatologies, including the atmospheri& reanalysis climatologies that drive the model, are averaged over different time intervals. In the tropics, the model thermocline reproduces the observed zonal slopes and meridional ridges/troughs in the thermocline. The simulated Equatorial Undercurrent compares favorably to observations, but is slightly deeper than observed. The model overestimates temperature in the Pacific warm pool regions, both west and east, by more than 1 degrees C when compared to all observed climatologies. The model also tends to overestimate temperature in the eastern equatorial cold tongues in both the Atlantic and Pacific, with this overestimate being confined to a very small region of the far eastern Pacific during winter. This overestimate varies substantially depending on which observed climatology is used for the comparison, so model limitations are only partly responsible for the simulated-observed temperature differences in the cold tongues. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 253 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.07.003 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 910YC UT WOS:000227967100003 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL Alves, JHGM AF Tolman, HL Alves, JHGM TI Numerical modeling of wind waves generated by tropical cyclones using moving grids SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wind waves; tropical cyclones; numerical modeling; moving grids; Hurricane Lili ID COUPLED MODEL; SYSTEM; IMPROVEMENTS; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITY AB A version of the WAVEWATCH III wave model featuring a continuously moving spatial grid is presented. The new model option/version is intended for research into wind waves generated by tropical cyclones in deep water away from the coast. The main advantage of such an approach is that the cyclones can be modeled with spatial grids that cover much smaller areas than conventional fixed grids, making model runs with high spatial resolution more economically feasible. The model modifications necessary are fairly trivial. Most complications occur due to the Garden Sprinkler effect (GSE) and methods used to mitigate it. The basic testing of the model is performed using idealized wind fields consisting of a Rankine vortex. The model is also applied to hurricane Lili in the Gulf of Mexico in October 2002. The latter application shows that the moving grid approach provides a natural way to deal with hurricane wind fields that have a high-resolution in space, but a low resolution in time. Although the new model version is originally intended for tropical cyclones, it is suitable for high-resolution modeling of waves due to any moving weather pattern. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, NCEP, EMC Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, SAIC GSO, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, SAIC GSO, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hendrik.tolman@noaa.gov; henrique.alves@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.09.003 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 915XC UT WOS:000228343700001 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL Krasnopolsk, VM Chalikov, DV AF Tolman, HL Krasnopolsk, VM Chalikov, DV TI Neural network approximations for nonlinear interactions in wind wave spectra: direct mapping for wind seas in deep water SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wind waves; nonlinear interactions; neural networks; numerical modeling; wave model physics; empirical orthogonal functions ID LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; EVOLUTION; UNSTEADY; SWELL AB The potential of Neural Networks (NN) to provide accurate estimates of nonlinear interactions for wind wave spectra by means of direct mapping is considered. Expanding on a previously reported feasibility study, an Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) based NN for single peaked spectra is shown to be much more accurate than the well known Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA), at the expense of a moderate increase of computational costs. This Neural Network Interaction Approximation (NNIA) gives reasonable results for modeled wave spectra, but is not yet capable of providing acceptable model integrations. Methods to expand the NNIA to be suitable for model integration are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SAIC GSO, NCEP, EMC,Marine Modeling & Anal Branch,5200 Auth Room, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, SAIC GSO, NCEP, EMC,Marine Modeling & Anal Branch,5200 Auth Room, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hendrik.tolman@noaa.gov; vladimir.krasnopolsky@noaa.gov; dchalikov@essic.umd.edu NR 45 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 253 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.008 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 874HR UT WOS:000225342000003 ER PT J AU Hallberg, R AF Hallberg, R TI A thermobaric instability of Lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY; DENSITY; LAYER AB Lagrangian- (and isopycnic-) vertical coordinate ocean models are subject to an exponentially growing numerical instability in weakly stratified regions when thermobaricity is not accurately compensated. Inaccurate compensation for compressibility in the pressure gradient terms leads to pressure gradient truncation errors (due to the vertical discretization) that can drive the Lagrangian coordinate surfaces to reinforce these errors. It is possible to avoid this instability while using the full non-linear equation of state for seawater by using an optimal alternate discretization of the pressure gradient terms and extracting a slowly spatially varying reference compressibility that approximates the compressibility of the ocean's mean state. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,US Rt 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM robert.hallberg@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 279 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.01.001 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 874HR UT WOS:000225342000004 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Gnanadesikan, A Dixon, KW Dunne, JP Gerdes, R Harrison, MJ Rosati, A Russell, JL Samuels, BL Spelman, MJ Winton, M Zhang, R AF Griffies, S. M. Gnanadesikan, A. Dixon, K. W. Dunne, J. P. Gerdes, R. Harrison, M. J. Rosati, A. Russell, J. L. Samuels, B. L. Spelman, M. J. Winton, M. Zhang, R. TI Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the formulation of the ocean component to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) climate model used for the 4th IPCC Assessment (AR4) of global climate change. In particular, it reviews the numerical schemes and physical parameterizations that make up an ocean climate model and how these schemes are pieced together for use in a state-of-the-art climate model. Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three-dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation of the pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer conservation and numerical efficiency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation of equatorial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, (10) incorporation of a free surface that accomodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, (11) transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical "virtual tracer flux" methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental shelves. We also present preliminary analyses of two particularly important sensitivities isolated during the development process, namely the details of how parameterized subgridscale eddies transport momentum and tracers. C1 [Griffies, S. M.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Dixon, K. W.; Dunne, J. P.; Harrison, M. J.; Rosati, A.; Samuels, B. L.; Spelman, M. J.; Winton, M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gerdes, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Russell, J. L.; Zhang, R.] Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM stephen.griffies@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056 NR 144 TC 181 Z9 184 U1 2 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 45 EP 79 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V25NO UT WOS:000208484900006 ER PT S AU Raizer, V AF Raizer, Victor TI High-resolution passive microwave-imaging concept for ocean studies SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SEA-SURFACE; RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; RADAR; SIGNATURE AB A passive microwave-imaging technique is developed for advanced ocean remote sensing. The study contains the following stages: high-resolution multiband polarimetric radiometer scanning measurements, digital image processing, evaluation of 2-D radiometric features, correlation and spectral analyses, and complimentary image modeling. Such a combined approach allows us to explore radio-brightness characteristics of the ocean images providing selections and specifications of radiometric signatures of interest. Image features are revealed in the form of brightness texture mosaics and distinct objects (spots). Under certain conditions, the signatures may reflect environmental dynamics of the ocean surface including roughness change, variations of wind, wave breaking, and foam/whitecap activities. We suppose that high-resolution passive microwave imagery has potential capabilities for diagnostics of ocean variables and localized hydrodynamic phenomena. In the paper, related results are presented and discussed. C1 Zel Technol LLC, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Raizer, V (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 10281 Friendship Court, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. EM vraizer@aol.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700013 ER PT S AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Nguyen, H Tomlinson, MC Varnam, S Tester, PA Ransibrahmanakul, V Pirhalla, DE AF Wynne, Timothy T. Stumpf, Richard P. Nguyen, Huong Tomlinson, Michelle C. Varnam, Sabrina Tester, Patricia A. Ransibrahmanakul, Varis Pirhalla, Douglas E. TI Evaluating the effectiveness of two SeaWiFS algorithms in case I and case II waters SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite has been used to measure reflectances in six visible light bands for over seven years. Through various algorithms researchers are able to derive estimated chlorophyll concentrations. SeaWiFS needs to be validated by in situ data in order to assess the accuracy of the derived chlorophyll concentration. In this paper we will compare results from SeaWiFS field calibration using data collected from coastal North Carolina. We will compare two contrasting water types, Case I water from the Gulf Stream off of North Carolina and Case H water from the Pamlico Sound. C1 NOAA, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, 1305 E-W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700015 ER PT S AU Martin, MJ Dudchik, T Bizot, D Hayes, D Sakas, C McCurdy, A AF Martin, Michiko J. Dudchik, Tom Bizot, David Hayes, Dawn Sakas, Cathy McCurdy, Andrea TI National Marine Sanctuaries live! SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Sanctuary Program serves as the trustee for a system of fourteen marine protected areas, encompassing over 150,000 square miles of ocean and Great Lakes waters from Washington State to the Florida Keys, and from Lake Huron to the Hawaiian Islands. Since passage of the National Marine Sanctuary Act in 1972, the sanctuary program has worked cooperatively with the public and its partners to protect and manage sanctuaries and enhance public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the ocean environment. In partnership with the JASON Foundation for Education and Institute for Exploration, we have established an educational and technological framework to bring the excitement of the nation's underwater ecosystems to students by linking telepresence activities with system-wide oceanographic monitoring programs. This initiative, which will be featured on an internet-based Ocean Science Education Portal, will integrate live video camera feeds with data streams as diverse as student-collected observations, satellite records, and measurements collected by monitoring stations in the National Marine Sanctuaries. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, 1305 E-W Highway,N-ORM 63, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700019 ER PT S AU Martin, MJ AF Martin, Michiko J. TI Living classrooms: Teaching ocean education through NOAA's national marine sanctuaries SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) national marine sanctuaries (NMS) are living classrooms where people can see, touch, and learn about America's ocean and Great Lakes treasures. The National Marine Sanctuary Program education mission is to enhance public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the marine environment. Including both formal and informal educational activities, the NMS Education Program teaches conservation and sustainable public uses of the sanctuaries in the classroom, at sea, and in the field. This paper describes various exciting ocean literacy initiatives that NOAA supports through its National Marine Sanctuary Program. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, 1305 E-W Highway,N-ORM 63, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700020 ER PT S AU Neumann, DE Glover, GG AF Neumann, D. E. Glover, G. G. TI Customer outreach using an authoritative Hydrographic Survey Metadata Database SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Hydrographic survey metadata development at NOAA's Hydrographic Surveys Division (HSD) Data Acquisition and Control Branch (DACB) has evolved from a localized method to an open and integrated approach in cooperation with NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). In the near future, this effort will produce a user download and query interface that will enhance metadata access. The interface will offer previously unavailable hydrographic survey data, data products, and metadata. conveniently and freely over the internet. This paper tracks the development of the Hydrographic Survey Metadata Database (HSMDB) from multiple local Microsoft Access data tables to an authoritative Oracle (TM) database. It also describes the role of the Interface Data Base (IDB) management utility in enabling simple, remote access to the survey metadata and data products. The continuing metadata effort will address current hydrographic survey issues, including survey productivity, survey vertical and horizontal accuracy, bottom sample inventories, and the creation of Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) child metadata records. These developments will increase the exposure of valuable data and metadata to a new audience of potential users and improve service to the current customer base. C1 NOAA, Hydrograph Surveys Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Neumann, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Hydrograph Surveys Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Dan.Neumannra@noaa.gov; Grega.Glover@noaa.aov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700036 ER PT S AU Hudson, JH Franklin, EC AF Hudson, J. Harold Franklin, Erik C. TI Structural reef restoration and coral transplantation to the RN Columbus Iselin grounding site in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Restoration of damaged natural resources in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is mandated by US law. In 1994, the R/V Columbus Iselin ran aground at Looe Key Reef and severely damaged four coral reef spurs. Four years after the vessel grounding, Hurricane Georges further excavated reef framework from the injured areas. The extent and volume of the damage was determined from aerial photographs, diver observations, and high resolution bathymetric surveys. Coral spurs were reconstructed with quarried limestone boulders, fiberglass reinforcing rods and a specially formulated tremie-pumped concrete. On upper finished reef surfaces, exposed fresh concrete between boulders was ornamented with limestone rocks to increase surface rugosity and create a more natural appearance. In 2004, sixty eight coral colonies were transplanted and attached onto repaired spurs with underwater cement. Donor specimens were collected opportunistically from pier walls of the Key West Harbor. C1 Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Hudson, JH (reprint author), Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, POB 1083, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700038 ER PT S AU Symons, LC Pavia, R Hodges, M AF Symons, Lisa C. Pavia, Robert Hodges, Marc TI Emergency response in National Marine Sanctuaries SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB National Marine Sanctuaries preserve and protect unique national treasures in our coastal environments. They are not immune from threats posed by marine transportation accidents. NOAA has been working with the U.S. Coast Guard and state partners to ensure that emergencies in sanctuaries are met with the most effective and protective response possible. NOAA developed an emergency response exercise called Safe Sanctuaries 2005 (SS2005) to highlight NOAA's ability to deliver data, observations, forecasts, and expertise during emergencies threatening life, commerce, or the environment. SS2005 revolved around an 800-foot cargo vessel carrying 200,000 gallons of fuel grounding near Elbow Reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Such a grounding would injure coral habitat and historical artifacts and threaten other resources with spilled oil. This scenario provided a setting for integrating people and capabilities across NOAA. The exercise objectives stressed NOAA's internal and external communications, procedures for deploying technical capabilities during emergencies, and the health and safety of NOAA response personnel. The exercise included tabletop component in March 2005 and field operations in April 2005. The April field operations demonstrated observation, information processing, modeling and forecast capabilities from across NOAA. Real-time metrological and oceanographic observation capabilities were deployed at the grounding site and integrated with weatlier and pollution forecasts. A navigation response team surveyed the area in support of salvage operations, providing immediate navigation chart updates. NOAA also joined forces with the State of Florida to survey environmental impacts from the grounding and oil. The information from all of these activities was integrated by a NOAA scientific team supporting a unified command comprised of U.S. Coast Guard, State of Florida, and the private sector. A significant component of the exercise focused on providing training in emergency response management, including the use of the Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System (SHIELDS) and the Incident Command System. Training included field staff from multiple agencies, providing an opportunity to build the personal relationships necessary for effective emergency response. A post exercise debriefing helped identify gaps in operational capabilities, areas requiring further research, and training that could enhance future operations. The training, tabletop, and field exercises provided an opportunity to both demonstrate NOAA's operational capabilities and to analyze future requirements. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Symons, LC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700061 ER PT S AU Sakas, CJ AF Sakas, Cathy J. TI Rivers to reefs - Watersheds affect ocean reefs Oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Altamaha River Watershed is the seventh largest watershed on the eastern seaboard. It flows over 250 miles from its headwaters in the cities of Atlanta and Athens draining nearly one quarter of Georgia's landmass to provide one sixth of the South Atlantic Bight's freshwater compliment. This watershed brings nutrients, freshwater and unfortunately pollutants to the Atlantic Ocean. This same water makes its way offshore to bathe the fragile reef system of NOAA's Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary that sits some 20 miles offshore at a depth of 70 feet. This program takes a look at the video and educational activities developed on this watershed and how it affects Gray's Reef. Participants will receive an educational module. C1 Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Sakas, CJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700072 ER PT S AU Sakas, CJ Goudey, C Rountree, R AF Sakas, Cathy J. Goudey, Cliff Rountree, Rodney TI Sanctuary sounds - Monitoring underwater sounds in the National Marine Sanctuaries Oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Although just in its initial stages of implementation the Sanctuary Sounds project has the potential to provide substantial data sets from the oceans for our nation. Fourteen sites within NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program have been equipped with an Autonomous Underwater Listening Station (AULS). Each AULS has the capability of recording 58 hours of continuous sound at depth with each deployment. To date three sanctuaries have collected over 175 hours of sounds. Research partners from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Massachusetts identify vocalizations produced by marine mammals, invertebrates and fish as well as anthropogenic sounds. This program will discuss the research and education/outreach applications gained from the deployment of the AULS and the myriad of uses for the data sets collected. C1 Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Sakas, CJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 408 EP 411 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700073 ER PT S AU Sakas, CJ AF Sakas, C. J. TI Education standards and Ocean Science Oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Education Standards and Ocean Science discusses the need for educational materials that directly address ocean science education standards. Time will be spent reviewing Gray's Reef Ocean Science Course that was developed to provide materials, background information and activities for middle school grades in Georgia. Posters, DVD's, and activities were created and combined with a CD of still images and background information into a notebook that is easy for teachers to use. The materials are specific to Georgia's Performance Standards and germane to the southeast yet relevant globally. Participants may sign up to receive Gray's Reef Ocean Science Course. C1 Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Sakas, CJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700074 ER PT S AU Sienkiewicz, JM Von Ahn, JM AF Sienkiewicz, Joseph M. Von Ahn, Joan M. TI The application of QuikSCAT winds in the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) is responsible for issuing wind warnings for the High Seas waters of the Northern Hemisphere from 35 degrees W to 160 degrees E including the offshore waters of the continental United States. Wind warning categories are based on the Beaufort Scale and are: GALE (17.2 to 24.4 m s(-1)), STORM (24.5 to 32.6 m s(-1)) and HURRICANE FORCE (32.7 m s(-1) or greater). Near real-time winds derived from the SeaWinds Scatterometer on board the NASA QuikSCAT satelflte have proven to be extremely useful to OPC forecasters. A recent survey indicated that ten percent of all short-term wind warnings issued by the OPC were determined using QuikSCAT winds. QuikSCAT winds were also used to more accurately place one half to two thirds of all weather features on manual ocean surface analyses. QuikSCAT, with its wide swath width and large retrievable wind range is the first data set to consistently observe winds well into the Hurricane Force category in extratropical cyclones. Based on QuikSCAT winds OPC forecasters are now able to detect and warn for Hurricane Force extratropical cyclones. Large sea surface temperature (SST) gradients exist over the mid-Atlantic coastal and offshore waters of the U.S. Forecasting surface winds in these areas presents a challenge to OPC forecasters. QuikSCAT has revealed that large wind speed gradients often coincide with these SST gradients. With QuikSCAT, OPC forecasters can now factor in low-level stability when making wind forecasts. The overall impact of QuikSCAT on marine forecasting in NOAA has been very positive. In fact, QuikSCAT winds have revolutionized the ocean forecasters' ability to assess near surface winds over vast open ocean areas. C1 NOAA, Ocean Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Sienkiewicz, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 427 EP 431 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700077 ER PT S AU Schoedinger, S Cava, F Strang, C Tuddenham, P AF Schoedinger, Sarah Cava, Francesca Strang, Craig Tuddenham, Peter TI Ocean literacy through Science Standards SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Ocean sciences were idiosyncratically left out of the National Science Education Standards and most state standards, resulting in a decline in the public's attention to ocean issues. National Geographic Society, COSEE, NMEA, NOAA and the US Commission on Ocean Policy have all urgently called for the inclusion of the ocean in science standards as a means to increase ocean literacy nationwide. There has never been consensus, however, about what ocean literacy is and what concepts need to be included in standards to achieve it. Last fall, an on-line workshop on "Ocean Literacy through Science Standards" attempted to develop this consensus. This paper describes the resulting definition of ocean literacy; the essential principles; and fundamental concepts and their alignment to the National Science Education Standards. C1 NOAA, Off Educ & Sustainable Dev, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Schoedinger, S (reprint author), NOAA, Off Educ & Sustainable Dev, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 736 EP 740 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700115 ER PT S AU Thompson, K AF Thompson, Kate TI ROVing into the National Marine Sanctuaries oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE Washington, DC SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Recognizing the need to reach the marine technology community, the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries partnered with the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center and other marine tech groups to create a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) teacher workshop program. This program sponsors teacher workshops at multiple sanctuary sites to increase the knowledge of sanctuary science through ROV technologies, as well as provide educators the tools needed to learn how to build real working ROV's in their classrooms. Creating a link between students, educators and the marine tech community proves to create a better awareness of our oceans and their unexplored vastness. Through technology, we are learning more about the oceans that surround us, and what we can do to protect them. Providing programs to excite students about potential career paths helps to meet the sanctuary system's mission to promote understanding for resource protection and to create stewards for the future. C1 NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Thompson, K (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 767 EP 771 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700120 ER PT S AU Austin, M AF Austin, Matthew TI Creating a GIS from NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA's Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC (R) s) have been developed to support the marine transportation infrastructure and coastal management. The NOAA ENCs are in S-57, a data standard developed by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data. NOAA ENCs can be incorporated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) extending NOAA ENCs use and accessibility. However, many GIS's, cannot read an ENC's native S-57 format. To address this problem, "NOAA's ENC Direct to GIS" (ENC Direct) web portal provides comprehensive access to all available large scale NOAA ENC data in a variety of GIS/CAD formats for non-navigational purposes using Internet mapping service technology. Nautical chart features contained within an NOAA ENC provide a detailed representation of the U.S. coastal and marine environment. This data includes coastal topography, bathymetry, landmarks, geographic place names and marine boundaries. Features in an NOAA ENC are limited in that they only represent the geographic region that is depicted in that particular NOAA ENC. By aggregating nautical features from NOAA ENCs in the creation of GIS data, a contiguous depiction of the U.S coastal and marine environment is achieved. In the Internet mapping service, marine and coastal features are represented as layers organized into categorical groups. Using the Internet mapping service's GIS tools, ENC Direct layers can be explored. Because the data is not certified for navigation, symbolization of ENC Direct data is generalized. Geographic place name labels also provide orientation. ENC Direct allows users to specify output format, coordinate system and the spatial extent of the data they wish to download through query and selection tools. C1 NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Austin, M (reprint author), NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 839 EP 841 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700133 ER PT S AU Martinez, C Gorell, F Keener-Chavis, P AF Martinez, Catalina Gorell, Fred Keener-Chavis, Paula TI Reaching out in new ways: Working with alternative schools and underrepresented groups to improve ocean literacy through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration (OE) was born out of a growing national concern over the state of the ocean, and out of the urgent need for a better understanding of our ocean globally. The US Government empowered a panel of experts in 2000 to develop a national strategy for ocean exploration and the result was a report titled Discovering Earth's Final Frontier: A U.S. Strategy for Ocean Exploration [4]. Created in direct response to the recommendations of this panel, OE has funded a multitude of expeditions and projects to gain a more thorough understanding of little-known or unknown ocean regions. With the establishment of OE, NOAA developed an opportunity to reach out in new ways to teachers, students, and the general public to share the excitement of daily discoveries while at sea and to demonstrate the cutting-edge technology and science behind these exploration initiatives. Ten percent of OE program funds are invested in a robust and diverse Education and Outreach Program designed to support Key Objective 4 of the President's Panel Report. This objective specifically calls for reaching out in new ways to stakeholders to improve the literacy of learners with respect to ocean issues. As exciting expeditions are the core of our NOAA program, education and outreach efforts are focused around these missions. Through various initiatives, OE works with traditional and non-traditional programs to provide opportunities to enhance ocean literacy. C1 NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Martinez, C (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 900 EP 904 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700144 ER PT S AU Bosley, KT Primrose, C Harragin, C AF Bosley, Kathryn Thompson Primrose, Cathryn Harragin, Christiaan TI A comparison of two measurement systems designed to provide real-time current information in support of navigation SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Freeport LNG Development, LP is designing and constructing an LNG receiving terminal in Freeport, Texas. The Port of Freeport wants to install a near real-time current monitoring system near the port entrance to assist pilots navigating the waterway. Knowledge of currents at the approach to the Freeport Entrance Channel is critical for the safety of the approaching vessels. Longshore currents are redirected around these jetties, creating intensified longshore (cross channnel) currents just offshore of the jetties which makes alignment of vessels difficult. Having current data available in near real-time will allow the pilots to make information-based decisions, thus helping ensure safe navigation and improving the efficiency of the port by maximizing tonnage throughput. This paper presents the results of a comparison trial conducted jointly by Fugro GEOS and NOAA CO-OPS. This cooperative effort came about when Fugro GEOS contacted NOAA after being contracted by Freeport LNG Development, LP to perform an oceanographic survey at the Freeport Entrance Channel. Data from a Nortek Aquadopp mounted in NOAA's new clamparatus system on Navigation Buoy 6 at the Freeport Entrance Channel are compared with those from an RDI Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler mounted in a seabed frame nearby. Seven clamparatus systems have been deployed in the Chesapeake Bay as an enhancement to the PORTS (R) there, and this was the first system installed in Texas. The clamparatus system provides a more cost-effective solution for obtaining current profile information in real-time and provides data within the navigation channel which is of most interest to the professional mariner. However, the data require full verification. Errors can be introduced by the magnetic effect of the steel structure of the buoy and its movement. A brief review of the two sets of instrumentation, mounting and measurement techniques is given. A thorough comparison of the direction data collected from both systems is presented. The mean of the absolute value of the difference in directions at 6.5m below the surface is 13.8 degrees (standard deviation = 19.4 degrees) when all data are included. The difference decreases to 8.7 degrees (standard deviation = 7 degrees) when only points with speeds greater than 0.15 m/s are considered. Recommendations. are made for future trials and system improvements. C1 NOAA, Ocean Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Bosley, KT (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 905 EP 909 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700145 ER PT S AU Myers, EP AF Myers, Edward P. TI Review of progress on VDatum, a vertical datum transformation tool SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB VDatum is a software tool developed by the National Ocean Service that allows users to transform geospatial data among a variety of geoidal, ellipsoidal, and tidal vertical datums. This is important to coastal applications that rely on vertical accuracy in bathymetric, topographic, and coastline data sets. The VDatum software can be applied to a single point location or to a batch data file. Applying VDatum to an entire data set can be particularly useful when merging multiple data sources together, where they must first all be referenced to a common vertical datum. Emerging technologies, such as lidar and kinematic GPS data collection, can also benefit from VDatum in providing new approaches for efficiently processing shoreline and bathymetric data with accurate vertical referencing. Given the numerous applications that can benefit from having a vertical datum transformation tool, the goal is to develop a seamless nationwide VDatum utility that would facilitate more effective sharing of vertical data and also complement a vision of linking such data through national databases. C1 NOAA, NOS Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myers, EP (reprint author), NOAA, NOS Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 974 EP 980 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701003 ER PT S AU Gilerson, A Zhou, J Gross, BM Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Gilerson, Alexander Zhou, Jing Gross, Barry M. Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Samir TI Modeling of the fluorescence retrieval from reflectance spectra using polarization discrimination SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; OVERLAPPING FLUORESCENCE; OCEAN; SEAWATER; WATERS; ALGAE; SEPARATION; INHERENT AB A general model which makes use of empirical bio-optical relations as well as Mie theory and takes into account the major optically important constituents in the seawater is presented to simulate the polarization discrimination process of the separation of fluorescence and scattering in order to evaluate the efficacy of this technique under various ocean conditions. Using this model, we compare the retrieved chlorophyll fluorescence height obtained by both polarization discrimination and the traditional baseline method with the simulated fluorescence signal for case I water for various concentrations of chlorophyll and report overestimation in the baseline method as well as higher accuracy for the polarization discrimination technique. C1 CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gilerson, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1046 EP 1051 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701014 ER PT S AU Stumpf, RP Tomlinson, MC Culver, ME Vincent, M Soracco, M AF Stumpf, R. P. Tomlinson, M. C. Culver, M. E. Vincent, M. Soracco, M. TI Moving to an operational system for forecasting harmful algal blooms SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; IMAGERY AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a threat to public health, economies, and wildlife around the Nation's coasts. Monitoring for HABs has involved a reactive system, which is a logistically expensive system. Improved forecasting and monitoring could reducing the impact of the blooms. An example of an operational system has been developed for the blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 NOAA, Ocean Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1056 EP 1056 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701016 ER PT S AU Paranjpye, RN Strom, MS AF Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Strom, Mark S. TI Colonization of shellfish by pathogenic Vibrios SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID MANNOSE-SENSITIVE HEMAGGLUTININ; TOXIN-COREGULATED PILI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BIOFILM FORMATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IV PILI; VULNIFICUS; VIRULENCE; OYSTERS AB Bacteria that are members of the Vibrio genus are ubiquitous in the marine environment and are part of the natural estuarine microflora. Several Vibrio species can accumulate in shellfish through filter feeding, and pose a significant threat to human health from important fishery resources. Little is known about the interactions of these microorganisms with shellfish that result in significant accumulation of the bacteria. Vibrio vulnificus can cause fatal septicemic infections in individuals who are immunocompromised or suffer from liver disease through consumption of raw shellfish harvested from warm water regions. In addition, the bacterium can cause severe necrotizing wound infections in otherwise healthy people who handle shellfish. Such infections impact the entire U.S. shellfish industry causing significant economic losses. Another vibrio, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, has a wider geographic distribution and is a significant source of shellfish-transmitted gastrointestinal illness in humans, with increased incidence during summer months. Our research is aimed at the characterization of surface structures called pili or fimbriae to ascertain their function in persistence of vibrios in oysters, as well as in human pathogenesis. Pili are thin (ca. 10 nm diameter) fiber-like structures that extend from bacterial cells and are often involved in cell to cell binding or attachment of a bacterium to a variety of biotic and abiotic surfaces. In initial studies on the role of a specific class of pili in V. vulnificus, designated type IV, we have demonstrated their role in adherence to human epithelial cells, biofilm formation, virulence in a mouse model, and persistence in oysters. We are currently examining the function of homologous pili in K parahaemolyticus. If these factors prove to be responsible for the bacterium's ability to colonize oyster tissue, they may present a unique and specific target(s) for compounds designed to interfere with this attachment, leading to depuration methods that could potentially reduce or eliminate the organisms from oysters. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Paranjpye, RN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1099 EP 1103 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701025 ER PT S AU Dills, PN Lee, T Wang, S AF Dills, Patrick N. Lee, Thomas Wang, Sherwood TI The COMET((R)) Program: Satellite education and training resources for the meteorology and ocean communities SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE C1 UCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dills, PN (reprint author), UCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1187 EP 1189 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701038 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Bernard, L Taft, B Burdette, M AF Teng, Chung-Chu Bernard, Landry Taft, Brett Burdette, Mike TI A compact wave and ocean data buoy system SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB A compact wave and ocean data buoy system, called the COLOS buoy system, was recently designed and tested by the NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) to support its expanding networks and ocean measurement capabilities. The buoy system (including buoy hull, bridle, mast, frame structure, data acquisition system, power, communications, and measurements) are described and discussed in this paper. Some results from the first field test are also presented. C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teng, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1249 EP 1254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701048 ER PT S AU Ransibrahmanakul, V Sapp, A Rabalais, N Swenson, E Wynne, T AF Ransibrahmanakul, Varis Sapp, Adam Rabalais, Nancy Swenson, Erick Wynne, Timothy TI Estimating absorption due to detritus and colored dissolved organic material from satellite and potential applicability as tracer for the Mississippi River plume SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID CASE 2 WATERS; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; SEAWIFS; MATTER AB The turbid, nutrient and sediment rich Mississippi River plume impacts many biological, chemical, and physical processes in the Gulf of Mexico. An ability to demarcate and track the river plume, or to quantify the influence Mississippi River plume and use it as a model input, will enhance our understanding of the plume's link to hypoxia, coastal currents, and harmful algal blooms, among others. The plume and coastal water may be separated by their salinity, which loosely co-varies with the amount of colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), and detritus in the water. In this study, we developed an algorithm to remotely estimate the amount of light absorbed by CDOM and detritus using the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). The derived absorption fields were compared to a time series of surface salinity at Grand Terre, Louisiana, between October 1998 and December 1999; and also to salinity fields sampled near the mouth of the Mississippi in the summers of 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ransibrahmanakul, V (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1474 EP 1479 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701086 ER PT S AU Taylor, KA Hamilton, D AF Taylor, K. A. Hamilton, D. TI National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Information System: A one-stop source for coral reef data and information SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA's Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) is the primary vehicle for distributing coral reef information and data products resulting from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. CoRIS is a webenabled, GIS enhanced information system that allows multiple user groups to gain access to NOAA's coral reef data and information, activities, and library services through a single web portal. The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program supports various coral-related projects that have produced peer-reviewed literature and data products, such as aerial photographs, benthic habitat maps, hot-spot and degree heating week charts, coral bleaching reports, biodiversity assessments, etc. that are all available through CoRIS. New data are regularly added to CoRIS due to NOAA's continuing research and monitoring efforts. Find coral-related information and other resources on the CoRIS web site at http://www.coris.noaa.gov. C1 NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Coral Reef Informat Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Taylor, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Coral Reef Informat Syst, SSMC 3 4th Floor,E-OC3,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1572 EP 1576 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701101 ER PT S AU Meinig, C Stalin, SE Nakamura, AI Gonzalez, F Milburn, HB AF Meinig, Christian Stalin, Scott E. Nakamura, Alex I. Gonzalez, Frank Milburn, Hugh B. TI Technology developments in real-time tsunami measuring, monitoring and forecasting SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Fast, accurate tsunami forecasts are an essential component of an effective tsunami warning system. Decision-makers at Tsunami Warning Centers must assess the hazard to coastal communities by rapidly collecting and interpreting earthquake and sea-level data. The stakes are high: A missed warning could devastate entire regions and needless evacuations are expensive, dangerous and erode confidence in the warning system. Tsunami forecasting technology under development at NOAA/PMEL is based on the well-tested approach used in many other forecast systems-i.e., the integration of real-time measurement and modeling technologies. Real-time monitoring and measurement of sea-level data in the deep ocean is presently made by a seven-station network of DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) systems. DART II is a new generation system that will have additional features and capabilities to aid the forecasting ability of Tsunami Warning Centers. As a result of the devastating impact of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami and the proven value of the DART array, the number of network stations will be increased to 39 by mid-2007. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Meinig, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1673 EP 1679 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701118 ER PT S AU Ewald, J Paternostro, C AF Ewald, Jennifer Paternostro, Chris TI Assessment of sub-surface mooring dynamics with acoustic Doppler current meters in high speed environments SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) twentysix Streamlined Underwater Buoyancy Systems (SUBS) were analyzed during the 2002-2005 field seasons in Southeast Alaska; Cook Inlet, Alaska and Humboldt Bay, California. SUBS have been deployed at various depths, current speeds, tidal ranges and other conditions. The performance of each SUBS deployment is evaluated by the pressure and tilts data recorded by the ADCP. Assessing the vertical movement of the SUBS is critical to evaluating the data quality. The tide signal as observed at a nearby NOAA National Water Level Observation Network station is subtracted from the pressure sensor record to approximate the vertical movement of the buoy. The mooring lengths range from 3 meters to 100 meters with speeds up to 3 meters per second. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, COOPS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ewald, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, COOPS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jennifer.Ewald@noaa.gov; Christopher.Paternostro@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1692 EP 1696 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701121 ER PT S AU King, AE Stembel, O Wahle, CM AF King, Aaron E. Stembel, Oren Wahle, Charles M. TI Navigating the nation's marine managed areas: Incorporation of MMA information into the nation's navigational products SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The maritime community has long relied on the U.S. Coast Pilot (R), navigational charts, and other navigational aids produced by NOAA to educate themselves on coastal issues relating to safe navigation and access to marine commerce. However, those publications have traditionally only provided limited information by which the maritime community could help protect environmental resources, and avoid violating environmental laws and regulations. Incorporation of environmental information into these publications, such as information on Marine Managed Areas (MMAs), will assist mariners and others in understanding the location, purpose, jurisdictions and allowed activities within these areas. Such an effort will increase protection for our nation's MMAs, as well as enhance safe navigation. To accomplish this task, NOAA's National Marine Protected Areas Center (NMPAC/OCRM/NOS) and NOAA's Office of Coast Survey (OCS/NOS) are jointly producing a project called, "Navigating the Nation's Marine Managed Areas." This project Kill incorporate key information about existing MMAs into NOAA's navigational products. As a first step, MMA information is being incorporated into the U.S. Coast Pilot. Other navigational products produced by NOAA will be considered later. C1 NOAA, NOS Natl MPA Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP King, AE (reprint author), NOAA, NOS Natl MPA Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1721 EP 1725 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701125 ER PT S AU Lovelace, S McArthur, D Florence, L AF Lovelace, S. McArthur, D. Florence, L. TI Connecting the oceans and human health through research and education SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB As NOAA Centers of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health Initiative, Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML) in Charleston, SC, the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) in Seattle, Washington, and the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) in Ann Arbor, MI. are linking ocean scientists and biomedical researchers to support interdisciplinary research in areas where improved understanding of marine processes and systems can reduce public health risks and enhance the nation's biomedical capabilities. The results of the research program will be conveyed to environmental and public health managers, teachers, university students and citizens of all ages through comprehensive education and outreach programs. C1 NOAA, NOS, Hollings Marine Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Lovelace, S (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Hollings Marine Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1729 EP 1729 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701127 ER PT S AU Southall, BL Gentry, RL AF Southall, Brandon L. Gentry, Roger L. TI NOAA's ocean acoustics program: Supporting science, management, and public education SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE C1 NOAA, NMFS, Off Protected Resources, Washington, DC USA. RP Southall, BL (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Off Protected Resources, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1793 EP 1795 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701139 ER PT S AU Stanitski, DM Hammond, J AF Stanitski, Diane M. Hammond, Jennifer TI Follow the world's ocean currents with NOAA's adopt a drifter program SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA's Office of Climate Observation (OCO) recently launched the Adopt a Drifter Program (ADP - http://osmc.noaa.gov/OSMC/adopt_a_drifter.html) to provide an educational opportunity for K-16 teachers to infuse ocean observing system data into their curriculum while participating in NOAA's Teacher at Sea (TAS) program (http://www.tas.noaa.gov/), although participation in the TAS program is not essential in order to adopt a drifting buoy. The ADP promotes a partnership between a school from the United States and an international school where students from both schools mutually adopt a drifting buoy to be deployed from a ship at sea. An educational sticker from each school is adhered to the drifter before deployment and teachers and their students access sea surface temperature and/or sea surface pressure data from the drifter online. Participating teachers develop lesson plans to encourage their students to plot the coordinates of the drifter on a tracking chart as it moves freely across the ocean and to make connections between the data accessed on line and other maps showing ocean currents and winds. Since drifter data are used to track major ocean currents and eddies globally, ground truth data from satellites, build models of climate and weather patterns, and predict the movement of pollutants if dumped or accidentally spilled into the sea, it is important for teachers and students to understand how the data are measured, how often data are downloaded, and what data are available for schools and the general public to access. Teachers participating in the ADP and TAS program will better be able to describe these and other observing system projects after participating in drifter deployments while on board a NOAA research vessel. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Stanitski, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM diane.stanitski@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1899 EP 1901 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701158 ER PT S AU Overfield, M AF Overfield, Michael TI Resources and UnderSea Threats (RUST) database: Identifying and evaluating submerged hazards within the national marine sanctuaries SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Recent incidents within our National Marine Sanctuaries and throughout our country have directed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to begin to look proactively at catastrophic oil and other chemical releases from submerged sources. Integrating data from several federal, state, and private sources, the Resources and Undersea Threats (RUST) database was developed to inventory and determine through analysis the scope of this potential threat. Although this tool was developed initially for use by sanctuary resource protection managers, its application has applicability to the broader response community. C1 NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Overfield, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2065 EP 2069 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702024 ER PT S AU Mesick, SM Gottfried, ST Roby, E AF Mesick, Sharon M. Gottfried, Susan T. Roby, Eric TI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration end-to-end data management: A success story SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the lead federal agency for the ocean exploration initiative, which resulted from the multidisciplinary panel report released in October 2000 "Discovering Earth's Final Frontier: A U.S. Strategy for Ocean Exploration." This report, along with the constituent workshop results, defined a mandate that "Ocean exploration data needs to be readily available to researchers and to the public for education and outreach. " Additional data management mandates are found throughout the government, ranging from the President's Management Agenda through the NOAA Strategic Plan. NOAA's Satellite and Information Service is working cooperatively with the Office of Ocean Exploration and other agencies in an integrated product team to meet these data management mandates through the development of a unique, end-to-end data management system. The goals of this system are to collect, manage, archive and disseminate OE data and information in accordance with nationally accepted formats and standards, to produce information that can be used throughout society to inform citizens and empower decision makers, and to make this information available independently and in perpetuity. NOAA's Ocean Exploration program conducts 25-30 expeditions per year, each of which host one or more independent research projects. The multiplicity of data sources, user requirements, and national standards, as well as the diversity of data collected during each expedition, contribute to the complexity of the OE data management challenge. Information about each research project within the expedition must be tracked from the proposal phase through project completion. At the same time, the assimilation, analysis and distribution of the data collected during each research project must be accomplished. A phased approach to meeting the OE data management challenge was implemented by the IPT. Existing systems used by OE and partners were reviewed and leveraged to provide a short-term solution. The longer term, end-to-end process was modeled and requirements were formalized. Metadata and other reports were standardized, and data were made available to the public in two prototypical systems. The Digital Atlas provides access to geospatially enabled data associated with research activities, and the Video Data Management System publishes video, still imagery, annotations and related documents. Still under development, the long term solution will combine research proposal and cruise planning information with specific vessel and instrumentation information, resulting in a customized interface. This interface will support at-sea data management and at the same will provide a metadata record framework. While using the system to document at-sea operations, data managers will also build metadata record components. Post-cruise, the at-sea information will be synchronized with the primary database. The information will be securely accessible to project principles via the Internet for record editing, completion and publishing. The overarching goal is to compile information as it is collected, to build and publish metadata records that support data access. The publication of metadata will support data access in accordance with any proprietary regulations. Once this system is fully operational, it will streamline data collection, reduce the overall data management burden and simplify compliance with national standards through an automated process. The system will also ensure data availability to the public in near real time and in perpetuity, and will be extensible to other applications. C1 NOAA, Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Mesick, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2070 EP 2077 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702025 ER PT S AU Fiolek, A Anderson, D Collins, DW Cumberpatch, ML Beattie, J AF Fiolek, A. Anderson, D. Collins, D. W. Cumberpatch, M. L. Beattie, J. TI NOAA video data management system (VDMS): No video, no oscar (R)! SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The NOAA Central Library (NCL) staff were integral to the formation of the Video Data Management System (VDMS) Plan for the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration (OE). The VDMS is part of the larger comprehensive OE Data Management Project. This plan addresses both digital video and digital image formats. In support the requirements to document, store, and provide access to video and image information the NCL initiated the OE Digital Video Pilot Project in 2002. The Pilot Project presently provides online access to more than 1000 MiniDV and 500 DVCAM tapes, over 1000 DVDs, and access to more than 100 digital video highlights clips online collected by NOAA cruises in ocean exploration. Metadata guidelines (DV12 and D112) were developed to aid data managers and librarians in the creation of MARC21 standard metadata records. C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fiolek, A (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, SSMC 3 2nd Floor,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fiolek, Anna/H-3658-2016 OI Fiolek, Anna/0000-0001-8481-3639 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2084 EP 2087 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702027 ER PT S AU Harris, AR AF Harris, A. R. TI Sea surface temperature - a key environmental data record from NPOESS VIIRS SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; SKIN AB Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of only six environmental data records to be deemed a key performance parameter for the NPOESS mission. This is primarily because of the importance of the geophysical variable itself for oceanography, weather and climate applications. However, SST can also serve as a valuable becnhmark for the performance of the mission itself, in terms of a number of quite fundamental performance metrics that are often difficult to validate in a conventional and quantitative manner. These include instrument calibration and characterization, and performance of important preprocessing steps such as cloud detection. In order to fully exploit this opportunity, it is necessary to analyze the data using a consistent physically-based methodology which takes proper account of all the underlying processes. Such an approach should also add value to the final SST product by permitting realistic bias and uncertainty estimates to be supplied for individual SST retrievals - a vital step in ensuring optimal utility for both operational and climate applications. C1 Univ Maryland, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Harris, AR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2145 EP 2147 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702040 ER PT S AU Marks, KM Smith, WHF AF Marks, K. M. Smith, W. H. F. TI Accuracy of the 2500 meter isobath from satellite bathymetry SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID ALTIMETRY AB The location of the 2500 m isobath is a key element in seabed territorial claims under the Law of the Sea. We examined the accuracy of the 2500 m isobath as shown in the "Bathymetry from Space" Version 8.2 product of Smith and Sandwell. This dataset is a two-arc-minute Mercator grid that combines ship soundings where available with topography interpolated from satellite gravity where there are gaps. We find the 2500 m isobath from the Smith and Sandwell satellite bathymetry grid meets Internationl Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S44 vertical (depth) accuracy standards 90% of the time in areas of smooth topgraphy where good survey control data are available, but only 31% of the time in a rugged and poorly controlled area. A horizontal displacement of the satellite isobath with respect to the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Coastal Relief Model offshore of New Jersey, USA, is due to the underlying depths being uncorrected for the velocity of sound in seawater in the Model and corrected in the satellite bathymetry data. C1 NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2151 EP 2154 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702042 ER PT S AU Bannoura, WJ Wade, A Srinivas, DN AF Bannoura, Walid J. Wade, Angelo Srinivas, Dwaraka Nath TI NOAA Ocean Surface Topography Mission Jason-2 project overview SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) is a joint effort among four organizations: NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), CNES (Centre Nationale D'Etudes Spatiales), and JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), to measure sea surface height by using a radar altimeter mounted on a low-earth orbiting satellite The collection of high accuracy radar altimetry measurements is essential for global ocean circulation and sea surface studies. Current research satellites, TOPEX/ Poseidon and Jason-1, have been instrumental in providing NOAAs operational need for sea surface height measurements necessary for ocean modeling, forecasting El Nino/La Nina events, and hurricane intensity prediction. In future, the Jason-2 satellite will replace current research satellitse and NOAA has been entrusted with operational responsibilities for the Jason-2 satellite. The Jason-2 satellite is scheduled for launch in mid 2008. The goal of the OSTM/Jason-2 is to maintain continuity of the OSTM/Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite missions. This paper presents the Jason-2 Project Overview and effort performed by NOAA to support the operational Jason-2 satellite mission. For the Jason-2 routine operational phase, NOAA will provide complete ground system support including command and data acquisition, satellite control and monitoring, science data processing, data/products archiving and data/product distribution. NOAA will be providing these services by collaboratively participating with its partners in managing the satellite, and sharing the science data and products. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Bannoura, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2155 EP 2159 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702043 ER PT S AU Earwaker, KL AF Earwaker, K. L. TI Seasonal characterization of currents in northern California's Humboldt Bay SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Currents at the entrance of Humboldt Bay are highly variable owing to the migration of shoals produced from shifting sand bars and seasonal longshore currents. Tidal current studies of Humboldt Bay were conducted by NOAA's National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services during the winter of 2002/2003 and during the summer of 2004 using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) arrays. Tidal flow and strength from two stations occupied in 2002 and two stations occupied in 2004 are evaluated. Maximum observed current outside the jetties near the harbor entrance was northerly during the winter and reversed during the summer, as expected, owing to the movement of seasonal longshore currents. Currents within the Entrance Channel differed seasonally from the expected along channel flow in strength and direction. C1 Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Earwaker, KL (reprint author), Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Karen.Earwaker@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2212 EP 2216 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702054 ER PT S AU Werner, J Evans, M Bethem, T AF Werner, Jennifer Evans, Michael Bethem, Thomas TI Real-time narrative summaries for NOAA's PORTS (R) SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA's PORTS (R) (Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System) currently provides historical and real-time observations and predictions of water levels, coastal currents and other meteorological and oceanographic data for a dozen us estuaries. PORTS (http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/d_ports.html) displays its real-time data in graphical and tabular form. These forms can require lengthy inspection to retrieve the relevant details, particularly in a large PORTS locale with many sensors. ARNS (Automated Real-time Narrative Summaries) complements the tabular display by providing automatically generated natural-language summaries of estuary conditions, in order to give users a more comprehensive overview of the data. ARNS is built using CoGenTex, Inc.'s Exemplars (http://www.cogentex.com/technology/exemplars/index.shtmi), a rule-based, object-oriented framework for dynamic generation of text and hypertext. Unlike earlier rule-based systems used to generate weather forecasts via multi-layered linguistic representations, ARNS relies on Exemplars' provision for linguistically marked "text snippets" which can be maintained and extended by user organizations for a given application without recourse to special linguistic training. NOAA and CoGenTex have designed an Extensible Markup Language (XML) format for input of sensor data to ARNS. Qualitative and quantitative summarizations are done real-time and passed to the text generator via the XML schema. Text summaries are generated in real-time and made available via the internet and in the future will be available via the PORTS (R) voice access system. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Werner, J (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2339 EP 2341 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702074 ER PT S AU McDougall, C Ibanez, A White, S AF McDougall, Carrie Ibanez, Atziri White, Susan TI Utilizing data from NOAA's observing systems to achieve environmental literacy SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA has recently significantly increased its commitment to promoting environmental literacy by adopting this effort as a strategic crosscutting priority, forming an Office of Education and Sustainable Development, and creating an Education Council. Another of NOAA's strategic crosscutting priorities is integrating global environmental observations and data management. NOAA possesses a vast array of observing systems that monitor oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial parameters. The streaming data from these systems offers broad opportunities to create real-time visualizations of dynamic Earth processes and to capture rare and spectacular events that occur on regional or global geographic scales. Making these visualizations available and understandable by the general public is a tall task. The potential return on investment, however, is large. By enabling the public to observe environmental processes and long-term trends occurring in their "backyards" and demonstrating the link these "backyard" processes have to global processes, we can build an environmentally literate public that makes more informed decisions. Also, it is well known that the general public has a keen interest in rare or spectacular natural events. Significant learning can occur when we can capitalize on the public's piqued interest about these phenomena. This curiosity-driven quest for information was made dramatically obvious with the Indonesian tsunami in 2004. NOAA's Education Council realizes the educational potential that observing system data offer and has adopted Earth Observing Systems Education as a top priority. An effort is currently underway in NOAA to assess existing observing system education activities within and outside the Agency and to pilot education programs using the available streaming data. Additionally, a new funding opportunity was announced by NOAA this spring for Environmental Literacy Grants. One of two priorities of this granting program is to support data visualization projects that utilize the data from Earth observing systems. We will report on the process of assessment and on some of the pilot projects we have begun. Among several of the activities that NOAA has launched, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) provides an example of a program that provides a fully operational network of integrated observing systems that is focused on increased understanding and development of a predictive capability within the nation's estuaries. Automated dataloggers deployed within the existing NERRS generate about 33,600 measurements of estuarine water quality conditions per day (ca. 42 million measurements per year). Through its nationally distributed network of educators and its unique water quality monitoring program (System Wide Monitoring Program or SWMP), the NERRS is working to best assess how to link IOOS data streams to key user audiences. Assessing the needs of the potential user group(s) is a critical first step towards identifying the type, format, and delivery mechanisms of the data products. The NERRS, in partnership with NERRA, the Jacques Cousteau NEW and others, plans to assess how K-12 teachers and students can use IOOS data to learn and understand the world around them including links between the ocean, atmosphere, climate and humans. We will report on the NERRS educational activities, and its plan to make its monitoring data available to different users, as well as other NOAA programs that use data for educational purposes like the Adopt a Drifter Program. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP McDougall, C (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM carrie.mcdougall@noaa.gov; atziri.ibanez@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2348 EP 2355 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702076 ER PT S AU Gilbert, H Kenul, P AF Gilbert, Heather Kenul, Philip TI Homeland security and the global ocean SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Ocean observations support the nation's homeland security strategy and improve awareness in the maritime domain. The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), a coordinated national and international network of observations, data transmission, and management of the oceans and U.S. coastal waters to the head of the tide, can efficiently link observations to provide data and information to improve national and homeland security. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is able to support Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) using IOOS technology to improve marine security operations and the nation's capabilities within MDA. The purpose of this paper is to show examples of how NOAA`s technologies can be used for both environmental monitoring and the security of the nation. C1 NOAA, Homeland Secur Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Gilbert, H (reprint author), NOAA, Homeland Secur Program Off, Washington, DC USA. EM Heather.Gilbert@noaa.gov; Philip.M.Kenul@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2362 EP 2367 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702078 ER PT S AU Fancher, KL Breidenbach, SE AF Fancher, K. L. Breidenbach, S. E. TI Spatial relationship surveys of navigation and surveying instrumentation of NOAA hydrographic ships and launches SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) conducted spatial relationship surveys aboard several NOAA ships and launches, including the Nancy Foster. The purpose of the surveys was to accurately determine the spatial relationship of various navigation and survey instrumentation sensor components relative to the centerline of each vessel. Additionally, Reference Points (Bench Marks) were established as an aid to incorporate future installation or relocation of survey/navigation equipment. The surveys made use of precision measuring equipment to gather the data. C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Fancher, KL (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2396 EP 2398 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702085 ER PT S AU Moegling, C AF Moegling, Crescent TI H11077 Woods Hole, Massachusetts: A comparison of NOAA hydrographic data processing methods old and new SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB NOAA hydrographers have been using CARIS HIPS and SIPS to process bathymetric and sonar imagery data since 1997. Since that time advances in the software have been numerous. With every change in technology and software capability the need arises to prove a system works and the desired results are produced. The release of CARIS HIPS 5.4 introduced tools which allow hydrographers to make more informed decisions when processing the ever-increasing volumes of data. With Total Propagated Error (TPE) and the Bathymetry Associated with Statistical Error (BASE) users address surfaces based on uncertainty and standard deviation. These surfaces visually direct the hydrographer to discrete areas of sonar blowouts and systematic or navigation errors. Less time is spent tediously cleaning data line by line and in turn that time is better utilized focusing on specific areas of interest. In 2004 NOAA's Hydrographic Surveys Division did a comparison between a data set processed in an older version of CARIS HIPS and HIPS 5.4. This presentation will outline the methods used and the findings of the comparison. C1 NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Moegling, C (reprint author), NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2468 EP 2474 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702098 ER PT S AU Burgess, J Dunnigan, JH Mechling, JS Norton, EC AF Burgess, James Dunnigan, John H. Mechling, Jesse S. Norton, Elizabeth C. TI NOAA'S ecosystem approach to management SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Ecosystem Approaches to Management (EAM) is a holistic, evolutionary management strategy designed to improve the productivity of coastal and marine ecosystems. NOAA has developed a vision for an ecosystem approach to management, and detailed its mission and outcomes for sustainable use of the nation's coastal and marine resources. This vision incorporates collaboration among NOAA, other federal, state, tribal, and local agencies, NGOs, academic and business communities. An ecosystem approach to management shifts current management practices from sectoral, short-term perspectives, with humans independent of ecosystems to ecosystem-based, long-term perspectives and humans integral to ecosystems. The management practices will be geographically specific, located in 10 recently delineated US regional ecosystems based on the Large Marine Ecosystem model. NOAA will work further to delineate sub-ecoregions, and address inland boundary issues based on coastal watersheds and diadromous fish habitat, as well as other boundary issues. NOAA has defined five EAM strategies: adaptive, incremental, geographically specifying management areas, accounts for ecosystem knowledge and uncertainties, and balances diverse societal objectives. In order to understand health and socioeconomic status and trends of these delineated ecosystems, the agency is developing a suite of of national level of ecosystem indicators. Over time, NOAA plans to expand the indicator suite to have a regional and sub-regional set for each ecosystem. NOAA's future steps towards EAM include improving internal integration and coordination to produce better products and services, while collaborating with partners to begin the regional process of ecosystem-based management. C1 NOAA Headquaters, NOAA Ecosyst Goal Team, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burgess, J (reprint author), NOAA Headquaters, NOAA Ecosyst Goal Team, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2491 EP 2494 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702102 ER PT S AU Zervas, CE AF Zervas, Chris E. TI Response of extreme storm tide levels to long-term sea level change SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The occurrence of dangerously high or low water levels at coastal locations is an important public concern and is a significant factor in coastal hazard assessment, navigational safety, and ecosystem management. The monthly highest and lowest water levels at 117 NOAA/National Ocean Service water level stations show a clear response to local mean sea level trends. The extreme levels reached by hurricanes and extra-tropical storms of the past can be adjusted for sea level trend, so that unbiased comparisons can be made. A data set of the annual highest and lowest water levels is derived from the monthly data and used to determine the expected frequency of future storm tides rising above or failing below any given level. The same analysis is also applied to the data for each individual month in order to estimate the varying likelihood of extreme high or low levels by season. The results are a set of annual and monthly exceedance probability levels relative to the tidal datums for each station. This information should prove useful for identifying, in real time, when a rare event threshold has been crossed. The exceedance probability levels can be adjusted in the future to reflect newly-updated tidal datums. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Zervas, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2501 EP 2506 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702104 ER PT S AU Paternostro, C Pruessner, A Semkiw, R AF Paternostro, Chris Pruessner, Armin Semkiw, Roman TI Designing a quality oceanographic data processing environment SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Oceanographic data are increasing by data types and volume making present methods of processing and determining quality a cumbersome task. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is developing an end-to-end, state-of-the-art data management system to ingest, quality control, analyze, and disseminate water velocity and related data. The benefits include streamlining preliminary analysis, thus allowing time and resources for more in-depth investigations of the physical phenomena, increasing consistency of results between users, and improving overall data quality. The design of the system architecture follows a planned structured methodology improving the quality of the software developed. Designing a web-based modular system will allow flexibility so the system can accommodate new analyses, reports and plots as well as allow for future data types. Well-defined algorithms will be implemented determining the quality of both the data and the analyses. This data management system will provide oceanographers the means to study water velocity data using a wide suite of mathematical and graphical tools. This will allow users to focus on the analysis results rather than the process. C1 NOAA, CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Paternostro, C (reprint author), NOAA, CO OPS, 1305 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Christopher.Paternostro@noaa.gov; Armin.Pruessner@noaa.gov; Roman.Semkiw@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2527 EP 2531 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702109 ER PT S AU Smith, WHF Sandwell, DT Raney, RK AF Smith, Walter H. F. Sandwell, David T. Raney, R. Keith TI Bathymetry from satellite altimetry: Present and future SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Bathymetric survey lines cover the remote ocean basins about as sparsely as the Interstate Highway System covers the United States. Therefore the most complete global bathymetric models employ reconnaissance deep sea bottom topography ("bathymetry from space") combining conventional acoustic soundings with detailed marine gravity field information derived from densely spaced satellite altimeter profiles of sea surface slope. Gravity and bathymetry may be correlated over spatial scales (half-wavelengths) of roughly 5 to 80 kin. The vertical precision and horizontal resolution of derived bathymetry depends on the signal-to-noise characteristics of the satellite altimetry over the correlated band. C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Smith, WHF (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2586 EP 2589 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702120 ER PT S AU Rear, L Bourgerie, R AF Rear, Laura Bourgerie, Richard TI Redetermining the tidal current predictions for the Hudson River, NY SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) collects and distributes observations and predictions of water levels and currents to ensure safe, efficient and environmentally sound maritime commerce. The CO-OPS National Current Observation Program (NCOP) is responsible for updating and maintaining the accuracy of the Tidal Current Prediction Tables. In 2003, CO-OPS updated the tidal current reference station for The Narrows (at the mouth of New York Harbor), which controls over 75 secondary stations, including the entire stretch of the Hudson River. This critical reference station had not been updated by NOAA in over 70 years. With the installation of the New York/New Jersey Harbor Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS (R)), new current meter data were available to update the tidal current tables. Soon after the updates to the tables were published, CO-OPS received inquiries from local pilots about possible discrepancies in the tidal current predictions along the Hudson River. In response to users' concerns, CO-OPS resurveyed one location in the Hudson River, near Haverstraw, NY. Comparisons between these newly-collected data and historical data were performed, and the analysis revealed up to one hour differences in the timing of the flood current. With this new information, and the fact that most of the stations along the Hudson River are based on data collected more than 40 years ago, CO-OPS has committed to resurveying the Hudson River, from Manhattan to Troy, commencing the summer of 2005. C1 NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rear, L (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Laura.Rear@noaa.gov; Richard.Bourgerie@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2597 EP 2600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702122 ER PT S AU Varmer, O Bass, S Westington, M AF Varmer, Ole Bass, Suzanne Westington, Meredith TI Demystifying the maritime zones and other marine boundaries on NOAA'S nautical charts SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The United States, pursuant to international treaties and customary law, has established maritime zones in which various activities are controlled or restricted. The limits of these zones, among a host of other information, have for years been depicted on NOAA's paper nautical charts. NOAA is responsible for depicting on its nautical charts the official U.S. limits of the 12 nautical mile Territorial Sea, 24 nautical mile Contiguous Zone, and 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). While valuable, the charts can only begin to give notice to the public of the complexity of the laws that rely on these marine boundaries. At times the charts have even added to, public confusion. There is only so much a piece of paper can represent but what is the NOAA chart trying to represent? And will technology help NOAA do a better job in the future? C1 NOAA, Off Gen Counsel Int Law, Washington, DC USA. RP Varmer, O (reprint author), NOAA, Off Gen Counsel Int Law, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2605 EP 2609 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702124 ER PT S AU Larkin, EM Werner, JL AF Larkin, Emily M. Werner, Jennifer L. TI NOAA's contributions to the Integrated Ocean Observing System SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) will enable and encourage communication and collaboration between government agencies, universities, industries, and among individuals who conduct ocean and coastal research and observations. IOOS addresses seven societal goals including improved predictions of climate change and weather, protection of natural resources, and improved safety and efficiency of marine operations. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) actively promotes integration and coordination of ocean and coastal observations through significant investments in ocean observing infrastructure and technology. Many of NOAA's current activities and programs are components of IOOS, such as Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) forecasts, the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON), Living Marine Resource (LMR) Surveys, and the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Marine Weather Buoys. NOAA's current IOOS efforts support integrating existing NOAA and external observations in addition to filling gaps in the national backbone. New activities being undertaken within NOAA in support of IOOS include an emphasis on Data Management and Communications (DMAC), coordination with other federal agencies involved in ocean research and observations through Ocean.US, and coordination with nascent Regional Associations. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Larkin, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2631 EP 2633 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702129 ER PT S AU McDonough, JJ Green, G AF McDonough, John J. Green, Gordon TI Investigating the unknown: Converting the USNS CAPABLE to explore the world's oceans SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In September 2004, USNS CAPABLE (T-AGOS 16) was transferred from the U.S. Navy to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA is preparing to convert the ship to conduct reconnaissance missions to explore unknown and poorly known areas of the world's oceans. CAPABLE is the seventh T-AGOS ship to be transferred to NOAA from the Navy. The ship is expected to have three major mission capabilities: (1) deep ocean high-resolution mapping; (2) a sophisticated science-class remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) armed with high-definition video and still cameras and sampling equipment; and (3) an onboard image-processing and broadband satellite transmission capability to send data real time to onshore scientists, educators and other users at universities and other facilities. The plan is to build integrated, networked teams of explorers and technicians - some at-sea, some ashore working together to explore and characterize new areas and to make new discoveries. This paper further describes the ship's anticipated mission capabilities and the out-of-the-ordinary approach taken by NOAA to execute the conversion. C1 NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Washington, DC USA. RP McDonough, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2746 EP 2751 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702149 ER PT S AU Rutz, SB Collins, AW AF Rutz, S. B. Collins, A. W. TI An ocean data archivist's perspective during an Ocean Exploration cruise SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Since June 2004, two ocean data archivists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) have participated as on-board data managers for two cruises sponsored by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration (OE). These two offices are part of the OE Integrated Product Team (IPT), which is developing an end-to-end OE data management system. Two components of this system are 1) gathering information during OE cruises about the on-board science activities and the collected data; and 2) archiving these data with their accompanying science and cruise information. The NODC archivists' participation on the OE cruises gave them a first-hand perspective and insight on these two ends of the data management spectrum. Based on these experiences, three recommendations for an end-to-end data management system are presented. C1 NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rutz, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, SSMC-3,4th Floor,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM NODC.DataOfficer@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2815 EP 2819 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702160 ER PT S AU Collins, DW Rutz, SB AF Collins, D. W. Rutz, S. B. TI The NODC archive management system: Archiving marine data for ocean exploration and beyond SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The stewardship of the nation's oceanographic data archive is an essential responsibility of the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). The NODC continues to focus on the long-term preservation, integrity, and accessibility of irreplaceable observational data through multiple technological and scientific generations. Recently implemented processes improve the ability of NODC to meet data archive stewardship responsibilities, expand online data discovery and retrieval services, and provide adequate supporting metadata to guide use of the archived data. The NODC Archive Management System (AMS) facilitates accessioning and archiving oceanographic data and information, and disseminating data and information in a web-enabled, browser-based environment. NODC's collection of over 21,000 unique accessioned datasets, ranging from individual observations to large collections by major programs, is documented and discoverable in this unified system. A growing collection of digital data obtained by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration (OE) are archived at NODC and accessible through the generic AMS search and retrieval sub-system (the Ocean Archive System, or OAS, at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/Archive/Search/). This paper briefly describes the four major components of the AMS (Accession Tracking Data Base, File Management, NODC Metadata Manager and Repository, and OAS) and the relationship between the AMS and other parts of the end-to-end data management capabilities developed to manage OE data. C1 NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Collins, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, SSMC-3,4th Floor,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Donald.Collins@noaa.gov; Steven.Rutz@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2820 EP 2823 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702161 ER PT S AU Pinkard, DR Kocak, DM Butler, JL AF Pinkard, Deanna R. Kocak, Donna M. Butler, John L. TI Use of a video and laser system to quantify transect area for remotely operated vehicle (ROV) rockfish and abalone surveys SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In situ surveys by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and submersibles are important sampling tools for making fish and invertebrate population estimates. A major challenge associated with these methods is the measurement of the search and/or transect area due to variation in the field of view (FOV) throughout a dive. In addition, to effectively survey complex habitats it is often desirable to adjust the camera angle, which results in significant differences in the FOV in the recorded images and subsequent spatially variant image magnification. This paper describes a method for obtaining accurate surveyed area estimates using FOV measurements derived from image analysis and from the speed of the vehicle measured by a Doppler velocity logger (DVL). The image analysis software considers camera tilt angle, roll and pitch of the ROV, distance from the bottom, and the location of the reference lasers in the imagery to calculate the field of view. The DVL continuously logs forward/aft and port/starboard speeds for a representation of the vehicles movement over the bottom, and in effect, distance traveled. The development of these methods has led to a highly accurate estimate of transect area that will be used to calculate densities of commercially important rockfishes and endangered white abalone in the Southern California Bight. C1 NOAA, NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Pinkard, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2824 EP 2829 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702162 ER PT S AU Moggia, F Ranganathan, M Kim, E Montgomery, D AF Moggia, F Ranganathan, M Kim, E Montgomery, D BE Magedanz, T TI Emergency telecommunication support for IP telephony SO OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT IN IP-BASED NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Workshop on IP Operations and Management CY OCT 26-28, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB As universal high speed internet access becomes a reality, phone calls are increasingly being made over the Internet rather than the conventional PSTN. The danger to this trend is the un-availability of priority mechanisms for communication between emergency response personnel during times of disaster, We define a proposed architecture to enable ETS support for SIP-based VOIP systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moggia, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fmoggia@nist.gov; mranga@nist.gov; eunah@nist.gov; dougm@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29356-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3751 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDG00 UT WOS:000233332800001 ER PT S AU Burnett, JH Kaplan, SG Shirley, EL Tompkins, PJ Webb, JE AF Burnett, JH Kaplan, SG Shirley, EL Tompkins, PJ Webb, JE BE Smith, BW TI High-index materials for 193 nm immersion lithography SO OPTICAL MICROLITHOGRAPHY XVIII, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Microlithography XVIII CY MAR 01-04, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE immersion lithography; 193 nm lithography; hyper NA; high index materials; MgO; MgAl2O4; spinel; ceramic spinel; intrinsic birefringence AB 193 nm immersion lithography optical projection systems using conventional UV optical materials and water as the immersion fluid, with planar lens/fluid interfaces, have a practical numerical aperture (NA) limit near 1.3. The bottleneck for pushing the NA further is the refractive index of the final lens element. Higher-index immersion fluids cannot alone give much improvement, because the NA is limited by the lowest material index. In this paper we consider the possibility of using novel high-index materials in the last lens element to get around this bottleneck and to push the NA limit to at least 1.5, while containing the lens system size and complexity. We discuss three classes of high-index (n > 1.8), wide-band-gap, oxide-based materials that have the potential for being fabricated with optical properties appropriate for lithography optics: group-II oxides, magnesium-aluminum-spinel-related materials, and ceramic forms of spinel. We present theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the optical properties of these materials, including intrinsic birefringence, and we assess their prospects. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.burnett@nist.gov NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5734-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5754 BP 611 EP 621 DI 10.1117/12.600109 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCI49 UT WOS:000229586600060 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Luukanen, A Miller, AJ AF Grossman, EN Luukanen, A Miller, AJ BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Holographic microantenna array metrology SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE microantenna; millimeter-wave; imaging; array; terahertz ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE METHOD; MILLIMETER-WAVE; PATTERN MEASUREMENTS; ANTENNAS AB We describe a holographic or "phaseless" technique for measurement of complex antenna patterns that is particularly suited to planar antennas at very high frequencies - mm-wave thru long-wave infrared - where phase coherent detection is impractical. It has been implemented in a compact automated antenna range, and validated on a previously reported planar slot-ring antenna at 95 GHz. In the IR, the interferometric technique must be refined in order to reduce to acceptable levels the uncertainties due to positioning and alignment errors. This measurement of the complex antenna pattern is the most problematic part of a full accounting for the optical coupling efficiency "budget" in a microantenna-coupled, imaging sensor array. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5774-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5789 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.608839 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR80 UT WOS:000230961400006 ER PT S AU Luukanen, A Miller, AJ Grossman, EN AF Luukanen, A Miller, AJ Grossman, EN BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Passive hyperspectral terahertz imagery for security screening using a cryogenic microbolometer SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE bolometer; submillimeter-wave; superconducting AB We present passive indoor imagery of human subjects in the 100 - 1000 GHz band. In order to obtain adequate sensitivity, a cryogenically cooled (4 K), broadband antenna-coupled, superconducting microbolometer with optical noise equivalent power NEP < 2 pW/Hz(1/2) was used as the sensor. Mechanical scanning of the collecting aperture, a 30 cm diameter spherical mirror, was used to slowly accumulate the images. While not yet practical for deployable realtime cameras, this system provides valuable phenomenological comparisons with similar imagery obtained with actively illuminated systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Luukanen, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5774-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5789 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.608838 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR80 UT WOS:000230961400016 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Chaka, A Singh, DJ AF Burton, BP Chaka, A Singh, DJ TI Chemical, magnetic and charge ordering in the system hematite-ilmenite, Fe2O3-FeTiO3 SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Structure and Dynamics of Heterogeneous Systems CY NOV 20-21, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO Univ Duisburg-Essen DE hematite; ilmenite; Fe2O3-FeTiO3; phase stability; density functional theory ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SOLID SOLUTION SERIES; WAVE BASIS-SET; LAMELLAR MAGNETISM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ANOMALIES; METALS; ROCK AB Spin polarized electronic structure calculations of total energies for ordered supercells in the system Fe2O3-FeTiO3 suggest that some layered ordered phases are more stable than an isocompositional mechanical mixture of hematite, Fe2O3, and ilmenite, FeTiO3. This result contradicts established ideas about hematite-ilmenite phase relations because it suggests that there is at least one stable ordered phase with a bulk composition intermediate between hematite and ilmenite. It is not clear if this result is an artifact of the approximations made in generalized gradient spin density functional calculations, or if an intermediate phase, or phases, is in fact stable. The electronic structure of a 30-atom layered supercell was studied by a variety of techniques. The supercell structure is FTFFFT, where F is an Fe layer and T is a Ti layer perpendicular to the hexagonal c axis. The idea was to investigate possible charge ordering on Fe sites, that is a postulate of the 'lamellar magnetism hypothesis', but significant Fe2+-Fe3+ ordering is not predicted. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, A226-223,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1080/01411590412331316555 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 892RR UT WOS:000226668200023 ER PT J AU Parrish, CE Tuell, GH Carter, WE Shrestha, RL AF Parrish, CE Tuell, GH Carter, WE Shrestha, RL TI Configuring an airborne laser scanner for detecting airport obstructions SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB To ensure the safety of the national airspace system, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) oversees surveying programs with the goal of geolocating vertical features that penetrate 3D Obstruction Identification Surfaces (OIS) around airfields. These OIS are defined mathematically and are based on the layout of the runways, the types of electronic navigation equipment used for each runway, and other factors. Under a series of interagency agreements, the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is tasked with supplying obstruction survey data to the FAA. Airport obstruction surveys have traditionally been conducted using a combination of photogrammetry and conventional field survey techniques. In this study, we investigate the use of airborne laser scanning technology for this application. Specifically, we examine the effects of varying the forward look angle, laser footprint, flying height, flying speed, scan angle, scan frequency, transmitted power, and receiver sensitivity, as these parameters relate to the detection and measurement of vertical obstructions. We present results of test flights over the Gainesville Regional Airport (GNV) using fourteen different configurations of an Optech ALTM 2050. The results are compared to field-surveyed obstruction data obtained by NGS. Our analysis shows that certain configurations of the airborne laser scanning system notably improve the detection of obstructions. In this study, the best results were obtained using a 20degrees forward tilt angle and a 0.2 milliradian beam divergence from a flying height of 750 m. With. this configuration, all obstructions were detected and the vertical accuracy (RMSE) was 0.88 m when compared to the field-surveyed obstructions. C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Remote Sensing Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Optech Int, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Remote Sensing Div, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chris.parrish@noaa.gov; gradyt@optech.on.ca; bcarter@ce.ufl.edu; rshre@ce.ufl.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 886IX UT WOS:000226221600005 ER PT S AU Garris, MD Wilson, CL AF Garris, MD Wilson, CL BE DeWeert, MJ Saito, TT TI NIST biometric evaluations and developments SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biometric; consolidation; evaluation; fingerprints; identification; performance testing; standards; verification AB This paper presents an R&D framework used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for biometric technology testing and evaluation. The focus of this paper is on fingerprint-based verification and identification. Since 9-11 the NIST Image Group has been mandated by Congress to run a program for biometric technology assessment and biometric systems certification. Four essential areas of activity are discussed: 1.) developing test datasets, 2.) conducting performance assessment; 3.) technology development; and 4.) standards participation. A description of activities and accomplishments are provided for each of these areas. In the process, methods of performance testing are described and results from specific biometric technology evaluations are presented. This framework is anticipated to have broad applicability to other technology and application domains. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garris, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5765-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5780 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.607598 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCN85 UT WOS:000230339000004 ER PT J AU Rochford, K AF Rochford, K TI NIST - Symposium reports advances in fiber optic measurements SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rochford, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. EM rochford@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890XO UT WOS:000226544800038 ER PT J AU Cromer, CL AF Cromer, CL TI Measuring high-power diode laser efficiency SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cromer, CL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM cromer@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890XO UT WOS:000226544800051 ER PT J AU Niroomand-Rad, A Chiu-Tsao, ST Soares, CG Meigooni, AS Kirov, AS AF Niroomand-Rad, A Chiu-Tsao, ST Soares, CG Meigooni, AS Kirov, AS TI Comparison of uniformity of dose response of double layer radiochromic films (MD-55-2). Measured at 5 institutions SO PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiochromic film dosimetry; film dosimetry; Dosimetry; laser scanner ID DOSIMETRY; RADIATION; BEAMS; SENSITIVITY AB In recent years, double-layer radiochromic films (MD-55-2), also known as new improved Cafchromic Films (NMD-55), have been used for measuring dose distributions of radiation fields. It is reported that the response of radiochromic film is affected by the scanning densitometry systems used to read the film. To quantify the response Of MD-55-2 films, two sheets (12.5 cm X 12.5 cm) from different batches, were irradiated to 900 cGy and 2000 cGy, using uniform flat photon beams. The films were sent to 5 institutions for response evaluation using 5 different densitometry systems with narrow band light source centered at nominal 633 to 665 nm, which is near the major absorption peaks of the film sensitive emulsion. The dose response curve was established for each densitometer. The one-dimensional film responses were obtained for specified directions. A set of fiducial marks, located at similar to 1.5 cm from the film edges, was used for identification of scan direction and alignment. The local fluctuations were assessed by comparing the film response with the mean response and its relative (percentage) standard deviation (RSD) in the region of interest. The regional non-uniformity was measured by examining the difference between the maximum and minimum responses within the region of interest. Our data indicates that the RSD, as obtained by the 5 institutions, varied from 2.4% to 5.8% for the film irradiated at low (similar to 900 cGy) dose and from 1.2% to 4.3% for the film irradiated at the higher dose (similar to 2000 cGy). The regional non-uniformity was also improved with increased dose and was less in longitudinal direction of the film that is parallel to the direction of coating application. Data comparison for regional non-uniformity indicates that the film responses were affected not only by the wavelength of analyzing source, but also by other instrumentation factors such as step size and sampling size. High-resolution scanners may also have more noise that should not be attributed to film non-uniformity. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Niroomand-Rad, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, LL Bles Bldg,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM nirooma@gunet.georgetown.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1120-1797 J9 PHYS MEDICA JI Phys. Medica PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S1120-1797(05)80015-8 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938NQ UT WOS:000230010500003 PM 18348841 ER PT J AU Tan, JN Silver, E Pomeroy, J Laming, JM Gillaspy, J AF Tan, JN Silver, E Pomeroy, J Laming, JM Gillaspy, J TI An electron beam ion trap (EBIT) plus a microcalorimeter: A good combination for laboratory astrophysics SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; X-RAY ASTRONOMY; FE-XVII; SPECTRA; HYDROGENLIKE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITY; CAPELLA; PHYSICS AB An EBIT can selectively create, in principle, any charge state of every naturally occurring element, has good control on atomic collision processes, and can produce nearly ideal conditions for the analysis of highly ionized plasmas of astrophysical importance. A microcalorimeter enables the broadband detection of X- ray emission with high energy resolution and near- unity quantum efficiency in the energy range wherein many cosmic X- ray sources emit the bulk of their energy ( 0.2 keV - 10 keV). The combination ( EBIT+ microcalorimeter) provides a powerful tool for laboratory studies of the atomic/ plasma processes underlying the energy release mechanisms in cosmic X- ray sources. We briefly describe some early experiments with a microcalorimeter built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ( SAO) and deployed on the NIST EBIT. We also present some very recent observations with a more advanced microcalorimeter built by SAO that can obtain an energy resolution of 4.5eV. The higher spectral quality produced by the new system will be useful in laboratory measurements of interest in X- ray astronomy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tan, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T119 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T119/005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DR UT WOS:000236906900006 ER PT J AU Shirley, EL Soininen, JA Rehr, JJ AF Shirley, E. L. Soininen, J. A. Rehr, J. J. TI Modeling core-hole screening in core-excitation spectroscopies SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB We consider screening of the core-hole potential experienced by the ejected electron in core-excitation processes. This potential affects near-edge structure strongly, but it appears difficult to consistently obtain reliable screened core-hole potentials without substantial computation. Screening effects have both atomic and solid-state (or molecular/cluster) contributions. We emphasize aspects that must be true of "correct" screening models, in an attempt to circumvent the need to carry out full-scale random-phase approximation (RPA) or self-consistent-field calculations of the screening. We present and discuss three spectra computed with RPA and model screened potentials, suggesting ideas to be considered in future work developing screening models. C1 [Shirley, E. L.; Soininen, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Soininen, J. A.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shirley, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100005 ER PT J AU Nave, G Li, ZG Sansonetti, CJ Griesmann, U Fried, AD AF Nave, G Li, ZG Sansonetti, CJ Griesmann, U Fried, AD TI Atomic oscillator strengths in the vacuum ultraviolet using Fourier transform and grating spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; GASEOUS CONDENSATIONS; ETA-CARINAE; SURF-III; FE-II; LINES; RADIOMETRY; SPECTRUM; SPECTROMETER AB We describe our program to measure branching fractions of Fe II in the vacuum ultraviolet. Branching ratios above 1400 angstrom are measured using Fourier transform spectroscopy of hollow cathode and Penning discharge sources. The spectra are radiometrically calibrated by synchrotron radiation from the SURF III storage ring. For branching ratios below 1400 angstrom we are investigating the use of phosphor image plates with our 10.7m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph. Our branching fractions will be combined with radiative lifetimes measured at the University of Lund, Sweden to obtain oscillator strengths. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Nave, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gnave@nist.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T119 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T119/006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DR UT WOS:000236906900007 ER PT J AU Rehr, JJ Soininen, JA Shirley, EL AF Rehr, J. J. Soininen, J. A. Shirley, E. L. TI Final-state rule vs the Bethe-Salpeter equation for deep-core X-ray absorption spectra SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The independent-electron approximation together with the final-state rule provides a well established method for calculating X-ray absorption spectra that takes into account both core-hole effects and inelastic losses. Recently a Bethe-Salpeter Equation approach based on Hedin's GW approximation that explicitly treats particle-hole excitations has been applied to the same problem. We discuss here the formal relationships between these approaches for deep-core X-ray spectra and show that they are similar, apart from differences in their practical implementations. Their similarity is illustrated with results from both theoretical approaches and compared with experiment. This comparison also suggests ways to improve both approaches. C1 [Rehr, J. J.; Soininen, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Soininen, J. A.; Shirley, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rehr, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100053 ER PT J AU Soininen, JA Rehr, JJ Shirley, EL AF Soininen, J. A. Rehr, J. J. Shirley, Eric L. TI Multi-pole representation of the dielectric matrix SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; APPROXIMATION; ABSORPTION AB A good approximation for the electron self-energy or the electron quasiparticle properties is needed for an accurate calculation of X-ray absorption spectra. The GW approximation (GWA) has been found to be relatively reliable in predicting the quasiparticle energies and lifetimes in a large variety of systems. For solids, a part of a GWA calculation is the calculation of the inverse of the dielectric matrix epsilon(-1). We introduce an iterative method for calculating an accurate multi-pole approximation for epsilon(-1) and we apply it in GW calculations. Results for quasiparticle properties are presented for LiF and Si. For LiF we use these results to calculate the inelastic X-ray scattering spectra for energy loss close to the F K-edge. Other uses for this representation of epsilon(-1) will also be discussed. C1 [Soininen, J. A.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Soininen, J. A.; Shirley, Eric L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soininen, JA (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM aleksi.soininen@helsinki.fi NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100065 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Aguirre-Tostada, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, D Karapetrova, E Zschack, P Pianetta, P AF Woicik, J. C. Aguirre-Tostada, F. S. Herrera-Gomez, A. Droopad, R. Yu, Z. Schlom, D. Karapetrova, E. Zschack, P. Pianetta, P. TI X-ray absorption fine-structure determination of interfacial polarization in SrTiO(3) thin films grown on Si(001) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FERROELECTRICITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Polarization-dependent X-ray absorption. ne structure together with X-ray diffraction have been used to study the local structure in SrTiO(3) thin films grown on Si(001). Our data indicate that an interfacial polarization of the SrTiO(3) layer by the Si substrate results in a tetragonal distortion of the SrTiO(3) unit cell. C1 [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aguirre-Tostada, F. S.; Herrera-Gomez, A.] CINVESTAV Quertero, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. [Droopad, R.; Yu, Z.] Motorola Inc, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Schlom, D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Karapetrova, E.; Zschack, P.] Univ Illinois, APS UNICAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM woicik@bnl.gov RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100187 ER PT S AU Sanford, NA Robins, LH Gray, MH Kang, YS Van Nostrand, JE Stutz, C Cortez, R Davydov, AV Shapiro, A Levin, I Roshko, A AF Sanford, NA Robins, LH Gray, MH Kang, YS Van Nostrand, JE Stutz, C Cortez, R Davydov, AV Shapiro, A Levin, I Roshko, A BE Stutzmann, M TI Fabrication and analysis of GaN nanorods grown by MBE SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB GaN nanorods were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates under N-rich conditions by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. Scanning electron microsopy revealed densely packed nanorods of hexagonal cross section with diameters ranging from roughly 40 to 100 nm. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the rods protruded 50 to 75 nm above the average height of the surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanorods were approximately 1.4 micrometers in length but an accurate measurement A the rod separation was difficult to assess. Contrary to expectations for GaN grown under N-rich conditions, a high density of basal plane stacking faults were not revealed in TEM under typical imaging conditions. X-ray diffraction using the (0002), (0004), (0006), (10 14), and (10 15) reflections yielded c = 0.5188 +/- 0.0002 nm and a = 0.3188 +/- 0.0004 run. Low temperature photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence showed broad near-bandgap emission around 3.4 eV that shifted to the blue with reduced temperature in the usual manner, and the presence of a similarly blue-shifting peak near 3.2 eV. The spectra were deconvolved using nine lineshape functions revealing 2 phonon replicas asssociated with the peak near 3.2 eV. Room temperature spectroscopic reflection filed to the standard Aspnes third-derivative lineshape function yielded a transition energy of 3.407 eV for the A exciton and 3.490 eV for the B+C excitons (not spectrally resolved). Both the x-ray and photoreflectance results indicate that the nanorods are fairly relaxed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2357 EP 2360 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461602 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400079 ER PT S AU Bertness, KA Roshko, A Sanford, NA Schlager, JB Gray, MH AF Bertness, KA Roshko, A Sanford, NA Schlager, JB Gray, MH BE Stutzmann, M TI Formation of AlN and GaN nanocolumns on Si(111) using molecular beam epitaxy with ammonia as a nitrogen source SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID MORPHOLOGY; SUBSTRATE; LAYERS; MBE AB We have demonstrated growth of AlN and GaN nanocolumns using molecular beam epitaxy with ammonia as a nitrogen source. The appearance of the columnar structure is correlated with the use of a low-temperature AlN buffer layer, grown at about 650 degrees C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicate that the column diameters range from 12 to 30 nm. Layers were grown on Si(111) substrates with a variety of AlN buffer layer growth conditions. The AlN columns are distinct though tightly packed, and the tips of the columns are separated. Large, platelet-like protrusions are observed for low growth temperatures. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2369 EP 2372 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461523 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400082 ER PT S AU Park, SE Kopanski, JJ Kang, YS Robins, LH AF Park, SE Kopanski, JJ Kang, YS Robins, LH BE Stutzmann, M TI Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of minority carrier diffusion lengths in undoped and Si-doped GaN epitaxial films SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID DEFECTS AB Undoped- and Si-doped GaN epitaxial films were grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy were used to determine the minority carrier diffusion lengths in the films. Both the reflectivity (P) and absorption coefficient (alpha) could be calculated from the VASE measurements. In the SPV spectra at room temperature, a strong transition with a threshold at 3.42 eV was observed in both films, while an exciton-related absorption was observed only in the undoped GaN. The minority carrier diffusion lengths were measured to be about 200 nm for the undoped GaN and about 20 nm for the Si-doped GaN. Moreover, a large divergence in the range of 1/alpha in the undoped GaN was found and attributed to a high surface barrier energy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Park, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2433 EP 2436 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461332 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400097 ER PT S AU Motayed, A Davydov, A Boettinger, WJ Josell, D Shapiro, AJ Levin, I Zheleva, T Harris, GL AF Motayed, A Davydov, A Boettinger, WJ Josell, D Shapiro, AJ Levin, I Zheleva, T Harris, GL BE Stutzmann, M TI Realization of improved metallization-Ti/Al/Ti/W/Au ohmic contacts to n-GaN for high temperature application SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB Tungsten metal layer was used for the first time as an effective diffusion barrier for the standard Ti/AVTi/Au ohmic metallization scheme to obtain thermally stable ohmic contact suitable for high temperature applications. Comparative studies were performed on three distinct metallization schemes: 1) standard GaN/Ti/AUTi/Au, 2) GaN/Ti/Al/W/Au, and 3) GaN/Ti/Al/Ti/W/Au. For the GaN with doping level of 5 x loll CM 3, the lowest specific contact resistance for the Ti/Al/Ti/W/Au metallization scheme annealed in argon at 750 degrees C for 30 see was 5 x 10(-6) Omega.cm(2), which is comparable to the standard Ti/Al/Ti/Au scheme. X-ray diffractions (XRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the Ti/Al/Ti/W/Au metallization has superior morphology and microstructural properties compared to standard Ti/Al/Ti/Au metallizations. Remarkably, this metallization was able to withstand thermal aging at 500 degrees C for 50 hrs; with only marginal morphological and electrical deterioration. These studies revealed that the utilization of a compound diffusion barrier stack, as in the Ti/Al/Ti/W/Au metallization, yields electrically, structurally, and morphologically superior metallizations with exceptional thermal stability. C1 NIST, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2536 EP 2539 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461604 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400122 ER PT S AU Davydov, AV Motayed, A Boettinger, WJ Gates, RS Xue, QZ Lee, HC Yoo, YK AF Davydov, AV Motayed, A Boettinger, WJ Gates, RS Xue, QZ Lee, HC Yoo, YK BE Stutzmann, M TI Combinatorial optimization of Ti/Al/Ti/Au ohmic contacts to n-GaN SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID ALGAN/GAN; RESISTANCE AB A combinatorial library of Ti/Al/Ti/Au metal contacts to n-type GaN thin films was characterized electrically and microstructurally. Various Ti/Al/Ti/Au thicknesses were deposited by combinatorial ion-beam sputtering (CIBS) on an n-GaN/sapphire substrate followed by rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) at 600 degrees C to 900 degrees C in argon for 30 s. The most Al-rich metallization in the library, Ti(20nm)/Al(170nm)Ti(5nm)/Au(50nm), was found to have the smoothest surface morphology (rms roughness = 20 nm), while possessing an acceptably low contact resistivity (2.2x10(-5) Omega(.)cm(2)) after RTA at 750 degrees C. XRD analysis of this composition showed that, regardless of RTA temperature, the same two compounds, Al3Ti and Al2Au, were formed in the contact layer. For all other library elements, the interfacial phases in the metal layers were subject to continuous transformations as a function of RTA temperature. We surmise that these temperature-dependent transformations inflicted the excessive surface roughness in the contacts. C1 NIST, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Davydov, AV (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2551 EP 2554 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461605 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400126 ER PT S AU Sanford, NA Munkholm, A Krames, MR Shapiro, A Levin, I Davydov, AV Sayan, S Wielunski, LS Madey, TE AF Sanford, NA Munkholm, A Krames, MR Shapiro, A Levin, I Davydov, AV Sayan, S Wielunski, LS Madey, TE BE Stutzmann, M TI Refractive index and birefringence of InxGa1-xN films grown by MOCVD SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB The refractive index and birefringence of InxGa1-xN films grown on GaN layers were measured by prism coupling used in conjunction with multilayer optical waveguide analysis. Samples with x = 0.036, 0.049, 0.060, and 0.066 were examined at the separate wavelengths of 442, 457.9, 476.5, 488, 514.5, 532, and 632.8 nm. The In fraction x was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Separate measurements of the film thicknesses were performed by cross-sectional field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Film thickness information was required in order to constrain the numerical simulation used to solve for the ordinary (n(o)) and extraordinary (n(e)) refractive indices. We found that n(o) is a weak function of both x and wavelength for the InGaN layers and could only be well distinguished from GaN (x = 0) for the two shortest wavelengths used. On the other hand, n(e) for the InGaN layers was resolved from GaN for all the wavelengths and x values. The measurements for n(e) are limited by optical scattering observed at the shortest wavelengths and the higher values of x. Cross-sectional FESEM reveals that a source of this scattering is most likely triangular pits at the InGaN/GaN upper interface. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2783 EP 2786 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461606 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400182 ER PT S AU Kang, YS Robins, LH Birdwell, AG Shapiro, AJ Thurber, WR Vaudin, MD Fahmi, MME Bryson, D Mohammad, SN AF Kang, YS Robins, LH Birdwell, AG Shapiro, AJ Thurber, WR Vaudin, MD Fahmi, MME Bryson, D Mohammad, SN BE Stutzmann, M TI Photoreflectance study of the electronic structure of Si-doped InyGa1-yAs1-xNx films with x < 0.012 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CONFERENCES AND CRITICAL REVIEWS, VOL 2, NO 7 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID BAND-GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; INGAASN AB The electronic structure of Si-doped InyGa1-yAs1-xNx films on GaAs substrates, grown by nitrogen-plasma-assisted MBE, was examined by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy at temperatures between 20 K and 300 K. The measured critical-point energies were described by a band anti-crossing (BAC) model with the addition of a Burstein-Moss band-filling term. The energy difference between the nitrogen impurity level and conduction band edge was (0.3004 +/- 0.0101) eV at 20 K, and (0.3286 +/- 0.0089) eV at 295 K; the BAC interaction parameter was (2.588 +/- 0.071) eV. It was inferred from the magnitude of the Burstein-Moss shift that the near-surface carrier concentration, probed by PR, is reduced from the bulk (Hall effect) carrier concentration by a reduction factor of 0.266 +/- 0.145. The effect of strain on the PR energies was too small to observe. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawrence.robins@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2800 EP 2804 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461492 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400186 ER PT J AU Jimenez, E Gierczak, T Stark, H Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR AF Jimenez, E Gierczak, T Stark, H Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR TI Quantum yields of OH, HO2 and NO3 in the UV photolysis of HO2NO2 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PEROXYNITRIC ACID; 248 NM; RATE COEFFICIENTS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CLONO2; SPECTRUM; KINETICS; HNO3 AB Quantum yields, Phi, of OH and HO2 in the ultraviolet photolysis of HO2NO2 (peroxynitric acid, PNA) at 193 and 248 nm and that of NO3 at 193, 248 and 308 nm are reported. Quantum yields were measured using pulsed excimer laser photolysis combined with pulsed laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) detection of OH radicals and cavity ring-down (CRD) detection of NO3 radicals. HO2 radicals were quantified by converting them to OH via the HO2 + NO --> OH + NO2 reaction and detecting OH. The quantum yields obtained at 296 K are: Phi(193 nm)(OH) = 0.21 +/- 0.12, Phi(248 nm)(OH) = 0.085 +/- 0.08, Phi(193 nm)(HO2) = 0.56 +/- 0.09, Phi(248 nm)(HO2) = 0.89 +/- 0.26, Phi(193 nm)(NO3) = 0.35 +/- 0.09, Phi(248 nm)(NO3) = 0.08 +/- 0.04 and Phi(308 nm)(NO3) = 0.05 +/- 0.02. The quoted uncertainties are 2sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. Our results are compared with the previous quantum yield measurements of OH (MacLeod et al., J. Geophys. Res., 1988, 93, 3813) and NO2 (Roehl et al., 2001, J. Phys. Chem., 105, 1592) at 248 nm and the discrepancies are discussed. The rate coefficients at 298 K for reactions of OH with HO2NO2, H2O2, HNO3 and NO are also reported. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.R.Ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1039/b413429j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 881RZ UT WOS:000225888400015 PM 19785157 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, ME Thompson, WE TI Infrared spectrum of the NH4-d(n)(+) cation trapped in solid neon SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AMMONIA IONS; AB-INITIO; HYDROGEN; BAND; NH2 AB The NH4+ cation has been stabilized in solid neon in sufficient concentration for the identification of both of its infrared- active vibrational fundamentals, which appear within a few wavenumbers of the gas- phase band centers. Systematic alteration of the concentrations and positions of introduction of NH3 and H-2 in the discharge sampling experiments demonstrated that the highest yield of NH4+ resulted when both the NH3 and the H-2 were introduced downstream from a discharge through pure neon. In this configuration, each of these molecules can be ionized by excited neon atoms and their resonance radiation ( 16.6 eV to 16.85 eV), but fragmentation is minimized. Both infrared- active vibrational fundamentals of ND4+ and several fundamentals of each of the partially deuterium- substituted isotopomers of NH4+ were also identified. Evidence is presented for complexation of NH4+ with an H atom or with one or more H-2 molecules. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 768 EP 775 DI 10.1039/b414641g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WF UT WOS:000227386700009 PM 19791360 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA Klippenstein, SJ Hansen, N Miller, JA Cool, TA Wang, J Law, ME Westmoreland, PR AF Taatjes, CA Klippenstein, SJ Hansen, N Miller, JA Cool, TA Wang, J Law, ME Westmoreland, PR TI Synchrotron photoionization measurements of combustion intermediates: Photoionization efficiency and identification of C3H2 isomers SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-ION COINCIDENCE; FRANCK-CONDON FACTORS; AB-INITIO; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREMIXED FLAMES; MASTER EQUATION; ALIPHATIC FUELS; TRIPLET-STATES; CHEMISTRY AB Photoionization mass spectrometry using tunable vacuum- ultraviolet synchrotron radiation is applied to the study of C3H2 sampled from a rich cyclopentene flame. The photoionization efficiency has been measured between 8.5 eV and 11.0 eV. Franck - Condon factors for photoionization are calculated from B3LYP/ 6- 311 ++ G( d, p) characterizations of the neutral and cation of the two lowest- energy C3H2 isomers, triplet propargylene ( HCCCH, prop- 2- ynylidene) and singlet cyclopropenylidene ( cyclo- HCCCH). Comparison of the calculated Franck - Condon envelopes with the experimental photoionization efficiency spectrum determines the adiabatic ionization energy of triplet propargylene to be ( 8.96 +/- 0.04) eV. Ionization energies for cyclopropenylidene, propargylene and propadienylidene ( H2CCC) calculated using QCISD( T) with triple- zeta and quadruple-zeta basis sets extrapolated to the infinite basis set limit are in excellent agreement with the present determination of the ionization energy for propargylene and with literature values for cyclopropenylidene and propadienylidene. The results suggest the presence of both propargylene and cyclopropenylidene in the cyclopentene flame and allow reanalysis of electron ionization measurements of C3H2 in other flames. Possible chemical pathways for C3H2 formation in these flames are briefly discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov; nhansen@sandia.gov; tac13@cornell.edu RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012 NR 66 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 7 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 806 EP 813 DI 10.1039/b417160h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WF UT WOS:000227386700014 PM 19791365 ER PT J AU Hemraj-Benny, T Banerjee, S Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Han, WQ Misewich, JA Wong, SS AF Hemraj-Benny, T Banerjee, S Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Han, WQ Misewich, JA Wong, SS TI Investigating the structure of boron nitride nanotubes by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOABSORPTION; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; DIAMOND FILMS; BN NANOTUBES; EMISSION AB Herein, we demonstrate that NEXAFS is a very effective technique at ( a) identifying the phases of boron nitride nanotubes with the potential of distinguishing between hexagonal BN and cubic BN, and (b) monitoring the presence of defects and degree of crystallinity in nanoscale samples. Specifically, a prepared sample of boron nitride nanotubes was characterized by NEXAFS. Our results show that the sample consisted of hexagonal BN tubes that were highly crystalline and sp(2)-hybridized. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1039/b415423a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WG UT WOS:000227386800004 PM 19791320 ER PT J AU Budker, D Hollberg, L Kimball, DF Kitching, J Pustelny, S Yashchuk, VV AF Budker, D Hollberg, L Kimball, DF Kitching, J Pustelny, S Yashchuk, VV TI Microwave transitions and nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in anti-relaxation-coated cells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; HYPERFINE TRANSITION; GROUND-STATE; ATOMS; MAGNETOMETER; SHIFTS; RB-85 AB Using laser optical pumping, widths and frequency shifts are determined for microwave transitions between ground-state hyperfine components of Rb-85 and Rb-87 atoms contained in vapor cells with alkane antirelaxation coatings. The results are compared with data on Zeeman relaxation obtained in nonlinear magneto-optical rotation experiments, a comparison important for quantitative understanding of spin-relaxation mechanisms in coated cells. By comparing cells manufactured over a 40-year period we demonstrate the long-term stability of coated cells, an important property for atomic clocks and magnetometers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fiz M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM budker@socrates.berkeley.edu; kitching@boulder.nist.gov RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 39 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 012903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.012903 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 901LF UT WOS:000227283300093 ER PT J AU Chin, C Julienne, PS AF Chin, C Julienne, PS TI Radio-frequency transitions on weakly bound ultracold molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTH; FERMI GAS; ATOMS; PHOTOASSOCIATION; COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; COLD AB We show that radio-frequency spectroscopy on weakly bound molecules is a powerful and sensitive tool to probe molecular energy structure as well as atomic scattering properties. An analytic expression of the excitation line shape is derived, which in general contains a bound-free component and a bound-bound component. In particular, we show that the bound-free process strongly depends on the sign of the scattering length in the outgoing channel and acquires a Fano-type profile near a Feshbach resonance. The derived line shapes provide an excellent fit to both numerical calculations and recent experimental measurements based on Li-6(2). C1 Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 18 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 012713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.012713 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 901LF UT WOS:000227283300086 ER PT J AU Deng, L Payne, MG AF Deng, L Payne, MG TI Achieving induced transparency with one- and three-photon destructive interference, in a two-mode, three-level, double-Lambda system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NONLINEAR FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; CAVITY-QED MODEL; ATOMIC COHERENCE; 4-PHOTON RESONANCE; OPTICAL PROCESSES; IONIZATION; INVERSION; GAS; AMPLIFICATION AB We show that in a two-mode, three-level, double-Lambda system an efficient multiphoton destructive interference, involving one- and three-photon pumping pathways occurs, leading to a unique type of induced transparency. Unlike the conventional electromagnetically induced transparency achieved with a three-state Lambda system, the induced transparency is critically dependent upon two distinctive relaxation processes involving the production and propagation of an internally generated field. When a two-mode probe field is injected under suitable conditions, we show that the two probe pulses, After a characteristic propagation distance, evolve into a pair of temporal, amplitude, and group velocity matched pulse, traveling loss free in a highly dispersive medium. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 011803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.011803 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 901LF UT WOS:000227283300015 ER PT J AU Larochelle, S Mehta, A Lu, L Mang, PK Vajk, OP Kaneko, N Lynn, JW Zhou, L Greven, M AF Larochelle, S Mehta, A Lu, L Mang, PK Vajk, OP Kaneko, N Lynn, JW Zhou, L Greven, M TI Structural and magnetic properties of the single-layer manganese oxide La1-xSr1+xMnO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CHARGE-ORDERED STRIPES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ANTIFERROMAGNETS; MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; PHASE-SEPARATION; METAL TRANSITION; WIGNER-CRYSTAL; BI-STRIPE; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4 AB Using x-ray and neutron scattering, we have studied the structural and magnetic properties of the single-layer manganite La1-xSr1+xMnO4(0less than or equal tox<0.7). Single crystals were grown by the floating-zone method at 18 La/Sr concentrations. The low-temperature phase diagram can be understood by considering the strong coupling of the magnetic and orbital degrees of freedom, and it can be divided into three distinct regions: low (x<0.12), intermediate (0.12less than or equal tox<0.45), and high (xgreater than or equal to0.45) doping. LaSrMnO4(x=0) is an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator, and its spin-wave spectrum is well described by linear spin-wave theory for the spin-2 square-lattice Heisenberg Hamiltonian with Ising anisotropy. Upon doping, as the e(g) electron concentration (1-x) decreases, both the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin correlations in the paramagnetic phase and the low-temperature ordered moment decrease due to an increase of frustrating interactions, and Neel order disappears above x(c)=0.115(10). The magnetic frustration is closely related to changes in the e(g) orbital occupancies and the associated Jahn-Teller distortions. In the intermediate region, there exists neither long-range magnetic nor superstructural order. Short-range-correlated structural "nanopatches" begin to form above xsimilar to0.25. At high doping (xgreater than or equal to0.45), the ground state of La1-xSr1+xMnO4 exhibits long-range superstructural order and a complex antiferromagnetic order, which differs from that at low doping. The superstructural order is thought to arise from charge and orbital ordering on the Mn sites, and for x=0.50 we conclude that it is of B2mm symmetry. For x>0.50, the superstructural order becomes incommensurate with the lattice, with a modulation wave vector epsilon that depends linearly on the e(g) electron concentration: epsilon=2(1-x). On the other hand, the magnetic order remains commensurate, but loses its long-range coherence upon doping beyond x=0.50. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Larochelle, S (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. NR 85 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 024435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.024435 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 893QX UT WOS:000226735400082 ER PT J AU Olsson, S Hjorvarsson, B AF Olsson, S Hjorvarsson, B TI Effect of biaxial elastic constraints on H-H interactions in ultrathin vanadium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; METAL-HYDROGEN SYSTEMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NIOBIUM; TANTALUM; LATTICES; STRAIN; LAYERS AB The hydrogen (H) solubility isotherms and the relative partial enthalpy- and entropy of H in a MoV/V(001) superlattice in the range 0less than or equal to[H/V]less than or equal to1 [atomic ratio] are addressed. The difference in solubility between MoV and V assures that H only resides in the 22Angstrom thick V layers, and the use of MoV instead of Mo increases the range of reversibility of the uptake, for the actual strain state. The biaxial elastic constraints, imposed by the H-free layers and the substrate, are shown to have a big influence on the H-H interaction. At low H content, the mean H-H interaction is close to zero, while for [H/V]greater than or similar to0.25, the interaction becomes attractive. We show that for a film constrained to expand in one dimension, the elastic dipole interaction is zero when the H-induced local strain field is isotropic, whereas for an anisotropic local strain field the interaction energy can be attractive, if the strain axes are parallel aligned with the direction of the expansion. Based on the symmetries of the respective local strain fields, we interpret the onset of the attractive H-H interaction at [H/V]approximate to0.25 as a self-induced change of H site occupancy, from tetrahedral to octahedral sites. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Uppsala, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Olsson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stefan.olsson@nist.gov RI Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; OI Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/0000-0003-1803-9467 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 035414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.035414 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 893RC UT WOS:000226735900131 ER PT J AU Jelenkovic, BA Phelps, AV AF Jelenkovic, BA Phelps, AV TI Excitation in low-current discharges and breakdown in He at low pressures and very high electric field to gas density ratios E/N SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID ENERGY DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION PROCESSES; STROM-SPANNUNGS-CHARAKTERISTIK; SECONDARY-EMISSION COEFFICIENT; PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; RESONANT CHARGE-TRANSFER; VOLTAGE GLOW-DISCHARGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; POSITIVE-IONS AB We investigate optical emission from low-current discharges in He at very high electric field to gas density ratios. E/N between parallel plate electrodes. We also determine the electrical breakdown and the voltage-current behavior at low currents. The E/N are 300 Td to 9 kTd (1 Td = 10(-21) V m(2)) at pressures times electrode separations p(0)d from 3 to 0.9 Torr cm. Absolute optical emission probabilities versus distance are determined for the 501.6 nm line (3 P-1 --> 2 S-1) and for the 5 87.6 nm line (3 D-3 --> 2 P-3) by reference to Boltzmann calculations at our lowest E/N and to published pressure dependent electron beam experiments. At E/N below I kTd, the emission follows the exponential growth of the electron density, while at above 7 kTd heavy particle excitation is evident near the cathode. Collisional transfer of excitation from the singlet to the triplet system dominates the 587.6 urn excitation. Comparisons of models with experiments show the importance of excitation and of electron production at the cathode by fast He atoms produced by charge transfer collisions of He+ with He. The breakdown voltage versus p(0)d is multivalued for p(0)d similar to 1.5 Torr cm. At currents below. 100 muA and our lower E/N, the discharge voltage decreases linearly with current as expected for an increasing electron yield with ion energy and E/N at the cathode. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Inst Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Serbia Monteneg. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 109 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 016410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.016410 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 903XR UT WOS:000227459400100 PM 15697738 ER PT S AU Birdwell, AG Davydov, A Littler, CL Glosser, R Pollak, FH Malikova, L AF Birdwell, AG Davydov, A Littler, CL Glosser, R Pollak, FH Malikova, L BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Optical investigations of semiconducting FeSi2 using photoreflectance spectroscopy SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Photoreflectance (PR) spectra obtained from epitaxial films of semiconducting beta-FeSi2 exhibit complex lineshapes resulting from a variety of optical transitions. The main features of the PR spectra can be described by transitions involving the ground and first excited state of the free exciton, in agreement with low temperature absorption measurements. However, additional lower energy (below band gap) resonances and the effects of stress, not observed in single crystal beta-FeSi2, are seen in the PR spectra of thin epitaxial films. The effect of tensile stress, resulting from thermal contraction of the epitaxial film on the Si substrate, is manifest as a substantial redshift of the main spectral feature. The assignment of tensile stress is confirmed by XRD and Raman measurements. In addition to the main PR spectral feature, the appearance of a replica is observed at higher temperatures. The shape of the replica is found to be almost identical to that of the main spectral feature, shifted down in energy by 72 meV, and is attributed to the assistance of an LO phonon. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Birdwell, AG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900031 ER PT S AU Osborn, KD Keller, MW Mirin, RP AF Osborn, KD Keller, MW Mirin, RP BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI HEMT amplified SET measurements of individual InGaAs quantum dots SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys ID TRANSISTOR AB A high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is used with a single-electron transistor (SET) to measure single electrons tunnelling into individual InGaAs quantum dots. The SET detects a change in location of an electron once it tunnels from an underlying n-doped layer into a quantum dot lying in an intermediate layer. A HEMT on the He-3 stage with the SET is used to extend the measurement bandwidth to 400 kHz. We demonstrate this technique with a measurement of the Stark shift in the first electron state of the quantum dot as a function of lateral electric field. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Osborn, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 819 EP 820 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900372 ER PT S AU Luukanen, A Grossman, EN Moyer, HP Schulman, JN AF Luukanen, A Grossman, EN Moyer, HP Schulman, JN BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Low frequency noise performance of quantum tunneling Sb-heterostructure millimeter wave diodes SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB Sb-heterostructure quantum tunneling diodes, fabricated from epitaxial layers of InAs and AlGaSb, are a recently proposed device for RF direct detection and mixing in the submillimeter wavelength range. These diodes exhibit especially high nonlinearity in the current-voltage characteristic that produces the rectification or mixing without bias. This is a highly desirable feature as the device does not suffer from large 1/f noise, a major shortcoming in other devices such as Schottky barrier diodes or resistive room temperature bolometers. In this paper we present the noise characteristics of the diode as a function of the bias voltage. At room temperature and zero bias, the device demonstrates a Johnson noise limited matched noise equivalent power of 1 pW/Hz(1/2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Luukanen, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1208 EP 1209 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900560 ER PT J AU Clark, CW AF Clark, CW TI Strange ways of light and atoms SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.clark@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 895WJ UT WOS:000226894400025 ER PT S AU Williams, P AF Williams, P BE Galtarossa, A Menyuk, CR TI PMD measurement techniques and how to avoid the pitfalls SO Polarization Mode Dispersion SE OPTICAL AND FIBER COMMUNICATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Mode Dispersion CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL Venice, ITALY ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; DIFFERENTIAL GROUP DELAY; OPTICAL-FIBERS; ANALYZER; VECTORS AB Since polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) can often be so confusing, it is easy to see how its measurement can be complicated as well. Many different techniques for PMD measurement are available, and often many user-selectable parameters are associated with each measurement. Provided here is it description of the various measurement techniques available along with a discussion of the "best practices" for PMD measurement using these described techniques. Section I gives some definitions and lists the parameters that must be measured to fully characterize PMD and introduces the statistical uncertainty inherent in polarization-mode coupled devices. Section 2 describes the various measurement techniques, classifying them as either frequency-domain or time-domain techniques. Section 3 lists several useful practices to reduce measurement errors when measuring PMD. Section 4 discusses the concept of spectral efficiency as a useful figure of merit for describing measurement uncertainty normalized to spectral bandwidth. Finally, Section 5 describes the tradeoffs, associated with wavelength step size (for frequency-domain techniques) and provides some "rules-of-thumb" for choosing appropriate wavelength steps in these measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Fiber & Components Grp, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Fiber & Components Grp, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1619-1447 BN 0-387-23193-5 J9 OPT FIBER COMM REP PY 2005 BP 133 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10297-004-0010-4 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCU23 UT WOS:000231243200010 ER PT S AU Mei, Y Kumar, A Gao, W Gross, R Kennedy, SB Washburn, NR Amis, EJ Elliott, JT AF Mei, Y Kumar, A Gao, W Gross, R Kennedy, SB Washburn, NR Amis, EJ Elliott, JT BE Cheng, HN Gross, RA TI Biocompatibility of sorbitol-containing polyesters: Synthesis, surface analysis, and cell response in vitro SO POLYMER BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOMATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Biocatalysis and Biomaterials held at the 2003 ACS National Meeting CY SEP, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID CATALYSIS; ROUTE; ACID) AB A series of sorbitol-containing polyesters were synthesized via a one-pot lipase-catalyzed condensation polymerization. Thin films were prepared by spin coating on silicon wafers and surfaces were analyzed by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. Surface morphologies and surface energies across the series of polyester films, including a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) control were nearly indistinguishable. Biocompatibility of the sorbitol-containing polyester series was evaluated against a PCL control by measuring cell spreading of a mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line in vitro. The initial results suggested that the sorbitol-containing polyester surfaces elicited cell behavior similar to the PCL control. These preliminary results indicated the sorbitol-containing polyester series as a promising material for tissue engineering research and development. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, NSF, UCRC Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mei, Y (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, NSF, UCRC Ctr, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3917-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 900 BP 343 EP 353 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BCK35 UT WOS:000229731100024 ER PT S AU Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Donley, EA Shirley, JH Parker, TE AF Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Donley, EA Shirley, JH Parker, TE BE Yuhas, MP TI Improvements in NIST-F1 I and a Resulting Accuracy of delta f/f = 0.61 x 10(-15) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE atomic clocks; cesium; frequency control; time measurement AB Over the last several years we have made many improvements to NIST-F1 (a laser-cooled cesium fountain primary frequency standard) resulting in a reduction in the uncertainly by nearly a factor of 2 in the realization of the SI second at NIST. We recently, submitted an evaluation with a combined standard fractional uncertainty of 0.61 x 10(-5) to the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures). The total fractional uncertainty of the e valuation (including dead time and time transfer contributions) was 0.88 x 10(-15). This is the smallest uncertainty in a frequency standard yet submitted to the BIPM. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000010 ER PT S AU Donley, EA Heavner, TP Tataw, MO Levi, F Jefferts, SR AF Donley, EA Heavner, TP Tataw, MO Levi, F Jefferts, SR BE Yuhas, MP TI Progress towards the second-generation atomic fountain clock at NIST SO Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE atomic beams; atomic clocks ID VELOCITY INTENSE SOURCE; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; RESONATOR AB We present results on the performance of two important subsystems for NIST-F2 - the second-generation atomic fountain clock at NIST. Firstly, we demonstrate the efficient capture of cesium atoms from a low-velocity intense source (LVIS) of atoms into an optical molasses. Our typical LVIS flux was 10(10) s(-1). The initial molasses rill rate was R-t = 0 = 3.8(5)x10(9) s(-1), which is consistent with 100% atom capture given the lifetime of our vacuum system. Secondly, recent results for our launch performance in the (1,1,1) fountain geometry are presented. We were able to cool the atoms to a temperature of 1.5 mu K with our current design. Our plans for improving the laser cooling performance are also presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000014 ER PT S AU Knappe, S Schwindt, P Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, L Moreland, J AF Knappe, S Schwindt, P Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, L Moreland, J BE Yuhas, MP TI Microfabricated atomic frequency references SO Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE atomic frequency reference; chip-scale atomic clock; vapor cell; wafer-level integration; frequency instability ID POPULATION TRAPPING RESONANCES; VAPOR AB We report on the fabrication of a physics package for a chip-scale atomic clock with a volume of 9.5 mm(3), consuming 75 mW of power. The design is described in detail and is strongly motivated by the goal of wafer-level fabrication and assembly. A fractional frequency instability of 2.4 X 10(-10) at one second of integration is demonstrated; the long-term drift is -2 x 10(-8) /day. We discuss the performance of the clock at short and Iona, integration times as well as its power consumption, and suggest possible improvements. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000015 ER PT S AU Holman, KW Ye, J Jones, DJ AF Holman, KW Ye, J Jones, DJ BE Yuhas, MP TI Frequency transfer of optical standards through a fiber network using 1550-nm mode-locked sources SO Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE timing jitter; mode locked lasers; optical fiber lasers; atomic clocks; frequency control ID STABILITY; CLOCK; LASER AB High-stability transfer of harmonies of the pulse repetition frequency of a mode-locked fiber laser through a fiber network is demonstrated. The passive transfer instability is < 3 x 10(-14) for a 1-s averaging time, comparable with the optical-carrier frequency transfer of a narrow-linewidth cw laser. With active cancellation of the fiber-transmission noise, the transfer instability of this radio-frequency signal is below 7 x 10(15) tau(-1/2) for an averaging time tau >= 1 s, limited by the noise floor of the frequency-counting system. The noise cancellation reduces the rms tinting jitter, integrated over a bandwidth from 1 Hz to 100 kHz, to a record low of 70 (20) fs; for a 6.9- (4.5-) km-round-trip installed (laboratory-based) fiber network. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holman, KW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000032 ER PT S AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Nava, FG Howe, DA Walls, FL AF Hati, A Nelson, CW Nava, FG Howe, DA Walls, FL BE Yuhas, MP TI W-band dual channel PM/AM noise measurement system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE ID AM NOISE; PM AB We discuss the performance of a W-band (92-96GHz) PM and AM noise measurement system The system uses two nearly identical channels to measure the AM or PM noise added by an amplifier or any passive component. It is designed principally to measure amplifiers in pulsed mode with a duty cycle of 5% to 100% (CW) at a given pulse repetition frequency. The system is calibrated by use of a single-sideband (SSB) modulator. We describe the details of the dual-channel measurement test set and several design considerations that are essential for accurately extracting device noise from measurement-system noise. Data ore presented for the noise of the reference oscilliator as well as for the noise floor. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 298 EP 302 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000050 ER PT S AU Tasset, TN Howe, DA Percival, DB AF Tasset, TN Howe, DA Percival, DB BE Yuhas, MP TI Theo1 confidence intervals SO Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY STABILITY AB Theoretical variance #1 (T (heo) over cap1) has been developed at NIST to improve the estimation of longterm frequency stability. Its square-root (T (heo) over cap1-dev) has two significant improvements over the Allan deviation sigma(y)(tau) (Adev) in estimating long-term frequency stability, in that (1) it can evaluate frequency stability at averaging times 50 % longer than those of Adev, and (2) it can estimate frequency stability with greater confidence than any other estimator. We discuss a method for determining the exact confidence intervals of T (heo) over cap1, particularly useful for small sample sizes, using analytic techniques. The confidence intervals of T (heo) over cap1. are narrower and less skewed (more symmetric) than confidence intervals based oil chi-square. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Tasset, TN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000136 ER PT S AU Kitching, J Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Hollberg, L Liew, LA Moreland, J AF Kitching, J Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Hollberg, L Liew, LA Moreland, J BE Yuhas, MP TI Power dissipation in a vertically integrated chip-scale atomic clock SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE atomic clock; compact frequency reference; CSAC; micromachining; MEMS; VCSEL ID FREQUENCY REFERENCES; VAPOR CELLS AB The physics package of a vertically integrated chip-scale atomic clock based on cesium has recently been demonstrated at NIST. This device requires 69 m of electrical power to maintain the vapor cell 34 K above the temperature of the baseplate. The physics package structure is analyzed by use of analytical thermal modeling and finite-element calculation. Improvements to the design are proposed to reduce the power consumption of the physics package alone to near 15 mW and of a full chip-scale atomic clock to below approximately 30 mW. Power consumption at this level will open the door to the use of atomic frequency references in portable, battery-operated applications such as wireless communications and global positioning. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kitching@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 781 EP 784 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000148 ER PT B AU Carrasco, HN Shyu, ML AF Carrasco, HN Shyu, ML BE Zhang, D Khoshgoftaar, TM Shyu, ML TI Automated quality control of tropical cyclone winds through data mining SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2005) CY AUG 15-17, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID HURRICANE ANDREW LANDFALL; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; SOUTH FLORIDA; FIELDS AB The analysis of tropical cyclones (TC) depends heavily on the quality of the incoming data set. With the advances in technology, the sizes of these data sets also increase. There is a great demand for an efficient and effective unsupervised quality control tool. Towards such a demand, data mining algorithms like spatial clustering and specialized distance measures can be applied to perform this task. This paper reports our findings on the studies on utilizing a density-based clustering algorithm with three different distance measures on a series of TC data sets. C1 Miami Univ, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div,Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphe, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miami Univ, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div,Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphe, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Nick.Carrasco@noaa.gov; shyu@miami.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9093-8 PY 2005 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000232402700039 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Luo, Y AF Lee, YT Luo, Y BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Data exchange for machine shop simulation SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Manufacturing simulation systems normally provide interfaces for data import and export using proprietary formats. Dependent data interfaces limit simulation applications in the manufacturing industry. This paper describes a mechanism for transferring data between a traditional database and XML files, which represent a machine shop data model developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The data model is described by XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and UML (Unified Modeling Language). The data transfer mechanism is based on Document Object Model (DOM), XML Path Language (XPath), and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) database engines. A prototype implementation is also described in this paper. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1446 EP 1452 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574411 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253402014 ER PT B AU Shih, HH Long, C Bushnell, M Hathaway, K AF Shih, H. H. Long, C. Bushnell, M. Hathaway, K. GP ASME TI Intercomparison of wave data between Triaxys directional wave buoy, ADCP, and other reference wave instruments SO Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Halkidiki, GREECE SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID SPECTRA AB The use of Triaxys directional wave buoy and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) for wave measurements are relatively recent. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) acquired these instruments in 2001 and systematic laboratory and field tests were conducted during 2001-2002. This paper describes the field tests conducted near the US Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility (FRF) ocean pier and near the Barren Islands in the Chesapeake Bay. At the FRF site, Triaxys buoy wave measurements were compared with FRF's field standards of pressure sensor arrays and Datawell Waverider buoy. For the Bay test, ADCP was compared with the Triaxys buoy. There are significant numbers of outlier in the Triaxys peak periods at both test sites. In the Chesapeake Bay, which is dominated by high frequency and low energy waves, there is much scatter in the Triaxys data for significant wave heights below 0.2 m. Detailed analyses were performed after these outliers and noisy data were removed. Statistics of differences in significant wave heights, peak periods and directions between each comparative pair were computed and characteristics of frequency and frequency-direction spectra were examined. Overall, correlations between each instrument pair are very good in significant wave heights, fair in wave peak periods (except the ADCP/Triaxys pair), and marginal in wave directions. Triaxys buoy compared better with Waverider buoy than with others. Both ADCP and FRF pressure sensor array exhibit higher resolution in detecting multi-modal an multi-frequency waves. In most cases, energy distribution of spectral peaks in Triaxys buoy data differs significantly from those obtained from FRF pressure sensor array and ADCP. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, COOPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Shih, HH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, COOPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4196-0 PY 2005 BP 655 EP 663 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFN40 UT WOS:000243311200074 ER PT B AU Davis, MW Fanney, AH LaBarre, MJ Henderson, KR Dougherty, BP AF Davis, Mark W. Fanney, A. Hunter LaBarre, Michael J. Henderson, Kenneth R. Dougherty, Brian P. BE Shah, RK Ubong, EU Samuelsen, S TI Parameters affecting the performance of a residential-scale stationary fuel cell system SO Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology CY MAY 23-25, 2005 CL Ypsilanti, MI SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, Rochester Inst Technol AB Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have measured the performance of a residential fuel cell system when subjected to various environmental and load conditions. The system, which uses natural gas as its source fuel, is capable of generating electrical power at three nominal power levels (2.5 kW, 4.0 kW, and 5.0 kW) while providing thermal energy for user-supplied loads. Testing was conducted to determine the influence of ambient temperature, relative humidity, electrical load, and thermal load on system performance. Steady-state and transient tests were conducted. The steady-state tests were performed in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME) Fuel Cell Power Systems Performance Test Code (PTC-50) for fuel cell power systems. The results of the investigation are being used to develop a proposed rating procedure for residential fuel cell units. C1 NIST, Heat Transfer & Alternat Energy Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), NIST, Heat Transfer & Alternat Energy Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3764-5 PY 2005 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BFO19 UT WOS:000243400200027 ER PT B AU Proctor, FM Hibbits, JR AF Proctor, Frederick M. Hibbits, Justin R. GP ASME TI Performance comparisons of timing techniques in a non-real-time environment SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2005, Vol 3, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB General-purpose computers are increasingly being used for serious control applications, due to their prevalence, low cost and high performance. Real-time operating systems are available for PCs that overcome the nondeterminism inherent in desktop operating systems. Depending on the timing requirements, however, many users can get by with a non-real-time operating system. This paper discusses timing techniques applicable to non-real-time operating systems, using Linux as an example, and compares them with the performance that can be obtained with true real-time OSes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Proctor, FM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4740-3 PY 2005 BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFI27 UT WOS:000241986000065 ER PT B AU Zha, XF Fenves, SJ Sriram, RD AF Zha, Xuan F. Fenves, Steven J. Sriram, Ram D. GP ASME TI A feature-based approach to embedded system hardware and software co-design SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2005, Vol 3, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE embedded system; feature-based modeling; component-based approach; UML; object-oriented representation ID MODEL AB An embedded system is a hybrid of hardware and software that combines software flexibility and hardware real-time performance. The co-design of hardware and software is the most critical but difficult issue in embedded system design. In this paper, we propose a novel feature-based approach to the co-design of hardware (HW) and software (SW) in embedded systems. The approach first defines an extension to the NIST Core Product Model and then provides an object-oriented UML (Unified Modeling Language) representation for the embedded system feature model, including models of embedded system artifacts, components, features, and HW/SW configuration/assembly. The extended model provides a feature-based HW/SW component co-design framework allowing the designer to develop a virtual embedded system prototype through assembling virtual components. The resulting feature-based model serves as the basis for developing reusable and adaptable components/artifacts. The underlying SW and HW components are determined through feature configuration, and thus HW/SW co-design is implemented by using feature-component mapping and component generation, which may be associated with feature creation, configuration, analysis and reuse. A case study example is discussed to illustrate the embedded system model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4740-3 PY 2005 BP 609 EP 620 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFI27 UT WOS:000241986000067 ER PT B AU Zha, XF Sriram, RD Gupta, SK AF Zha, Xuan F. Sriram, Ram D. Gupta, Satyandra K. GP ASME TI Information and knowledge modeling for computer supported micro electro-mechanical systems design and development SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2005, Vol 3, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS); computer support; information model; unified modeling language (UML); XML/XML schema; knowledge repository; collaborative framework; knowledge modeling ID COLLABORATIVE DESIGN; MEMS AB In this paper, we present a preliminary research effort towards an effective computer support environment for the design and development of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). We first identify the characteristics of MEMS product design and development processes and examine the state-of-the-art of MEMS CAD and simulation systems. We then propose a function-(environment-effect)-behavior-(principle-state)-form (FEEBPSF) framework based on the NIST core product model and its extensions for modeling MEMS products, and apply the OESM (open embedded system model) developed to model information and knowledge for embedded MEMS design and development. Moreover, in order to tackle the knowledge-intensive tasks of design and development for MEMS products, we develop a general and flexible knowledge repository, called KR-MEMS. based on the FEEBPSF framework and the UML/XML model, and integrate KR-MEMS into a web-based MEMS design support system. Throughout the paper, a micro fluidic dispensing device (a biomedical device for drug-delivery) is used as an example to illustrate the concepts, models, and knowledge bases necessary to support the MEMS product design and development. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4740-3 PY 2005 BP 621 EP 631 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFI27 UT WOS:000241986000068 ER PT B AU Gilsinn, DE AF Gilsinn, David E. GP ASME TI Discrete Fourier series approximation to periodic solutions of autonomous delay differential equations SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Vol 6, Pts A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control CY SEP 24-28, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME Design Engn Div, ASME Comp & Informat Engn Div ID OSCILLATIONS AB This paper describes the algorithmic details involved in developing high-order Fourier series representations for periodic solutions to autonomous delay differential equations. Although the final approximate Fourier coefficients are computed by way of a nonlinear minimization algorithm, the steps to set up the objective function are shown to involve a sequence of matrix-vector operations. By proper coordination, these operations can be made very efficient so that high-order approximations can be obtained easily. An example of the calculations is shown for a Van der Pol equation with unit delay. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4743-8 PY 2005 BP 719 EP 728 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BFJ36 UT WOS:000242326201002 ER PT B AU Burns, TJ Schmitz, TL AF Burns, Timothy J. Schmitz, Tony L. GP ASME TI A study of linear joint and tool models in spindle-holder-tool receptance coupling SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Vol 6, Pts A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control CY SEP 24-28, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME Design Engn Div, ASME Comp & Informat Engn Div DE tool length tuning; receptance; coupling; high-speed machining; stability lobes AB The dynamics of a spindle-holder-tool (SHT) system during high-speed machining is sensitive to changes in tool overhang length. A well-known method for predicting the limiting depth of cut for avoidance of tool chatter requires a good estimate of the tool-point frequency response (FRF) of the combined system, which depends upon the tool length. In earlier work, a combined analytical and experimental method has been discussed, that uses receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA) for the rapid prediction of the combined spindle-holder-tool FRF. The basic idea of the method is to combine the measured direct displacement vs. force receptance (i.e., frequency response) at the free end of the spindle-holder (SH) system with calculated expressions for the tool receptances based on analytical models. The tool was modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli (EB) beam, the other three spindle-holder receptances were set equal to zero, and the model for the connection with the tool led to a diagonal matrix. The main conclusion of the earlier work was that there was an exponential trend in the dominant connection parameter, which enabled interpolation between tip receptance data for the longest and shortest tools in the combined SHT system. Thus, a considerable savings in time and effort could be realized for the particular SHT system. A question left open in the earlier work was: how general is this observed exponential trend? Here, to explore this question further, an analytical EB model is used for the SH system, so that all four of its end receptances are available, and the tool is again modeled as a free-free EB beam that is connected to the SH by a specified connection matrix, that includes nonzero off-diagonal terms. This serves as the "exact" solution. The approximate solution is once again formed by setting all but one SH receptance equal to zero, and the connection parameters are determined using nonlinear least squares software. Both diagonal and full connection matrices are investigated. The main result is that, for this system, in the case of a diagonal connecting matrix, there is no apparent trend in the dominant connecting spring stiffness with tool overhang length. However, in the full connecting matrix case, a general constant trend is observed, with some interesting exceptions. C1 NIST, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Math & Comp Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4743-8 PY 2005 BP 947 EP 954 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BFJ36 UT WOS:000242326201028 ER PT B AU Fong, JT AF Fong, Jeffrey T. GP ASME TI A BC of statistics for verification and validation (V & V) of simulations of high-consequence engineering systems(*) SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 6 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB We begin this expository essay by reviewing, with examples from the materials and fabrication testing literature, what a typical engineer already knows about statistics. We then consider a central question in engineering decision making, i.e., given a computer simulation of high-consequence systems, how do we verify and validate (V & V) and what are the margins of errors of all the important predicted results? To answer this question, we assert that we need three basic tools that already exist in statistical and metrological sciences: (A) Error Analysis. (B) Experimental Design. (C) Uncertainty Analysis. Those three tools, to be known as A B C of statistics, were developed through a powerful linkage between the statistical and metrological sciences. By extending the key concepts of this linkage from physical experiments to numerical simulations, we propose a new approach to answering the V & V question posed earlier. The key concepts are: (1) Uncertainty as defined in ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (1993). (2) Design of experiments prior to data collection in a randomized or orthogonal scheme to evaluate interactions among model variables. (3) Standard reference benchmarks for calibration, and inter- lab oratory studies for "weighted" consensus mean. To illustrate the need for and to discuss the plausibility of this metrology-based approach to V & V, two example problems are presented: (a) the verification of 12 simulations of the deformation of a cantilever beam, and (b) the calculation of a mean time to failure for a uniformly loaded 100-column single-floor steel grillage on fire. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4191-X J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 6 BP 681 EP 690 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFO22 UT WOS:000243400900083 ER PT J AU Krasnoperov, LN Chesnokov, EN Stark, H Ravishankara, AR AF Krasnoperov, LN Chesnokov, EN Stark, H Ravishankara, AR TI Elementary reactions of formyl (HCO) radical studied by laser photolysis - transient absorption spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE formyl radical; unimolecular dissociation; UV absorption; kinetics ID DISSOCIATION REACTION H; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CROSS-SECTION; RATE-CONSTANT; SHOCK-WAVES; KINETICS AB Several elementary reactions of formyl radical of combustion importance were studied using pulsed laser photolysis coupled to transient UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy: HCO -> H + CO (1), HCO + HCO -> products (2), and HCO + CH3 -> products (3). One-pass UV absorption, multi-pass UV absorption as well as cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the red spectral region were used to monitor temporal profiles of HCO radical. Reaction (1) was studied over the buffer gas (He) pressure range 0.8-100 bar and the temperature range 498-769 K. Reactions (2) and (3) as well as the UV absorption spectrum of HCO, were studied at 298 and 588 K, and the buffer gas (He) pressure of 1 bar. Pulsed laser photolysis (308, 320, and 193 nm) of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and acetone was used to prepare mixtures of free radicals. The second-order rate constant of reaction (1) obtained from the data at 1 bar is: k(1)(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-(66.0 +/- 3.4) kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The HCO dissociation rate constants measured in this work are lower than those reported in the previous direct work. The difference is a factor of 2.2 at the highest temperature of the experiments and a factor of 3.5 at the low end. The experimental data indicate pressure dependence of the rate constant of dissociation of formyl radical 1, which was attributed to the early pressure fall-off expected based on the theory of isolated resonances. The UV absorption spectrum of HCO was revised. The maximum absorption cross-section of HCO is (7.3 +/- 1.2) x 10(-18) CM2 molecule(-1) at 230 nm (temperature independent within the experimental error). The measured rate constants for reactions (2) and (3) are: k(2) = (3.6 +/- 0.8) X 10(-11) CM3 molecule(-1) s-(1) (298 K); k(3) = (9.3 +/- 2.3) x 10(-11) CM3 molecule(-1) s(-1)(298 and 588 K). (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Krasnoperov, LN (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM krasnoperov@adm.njit.edu RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 935 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.223 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RW UT WOS:000229944200100 ER PT J AU Wakatsuki, K Fuss, SP Hamins, A Nyden, MR AF Wakatsuki, K Fuss, SP Hamins, A Nyden, MR TI A technique for extrapolating absorption coefficient measurements to high temperatures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE radiation; infrared spectroscopy; high temperature; absorption coefficients; extrapolation ID INFRARED RADIATION PROPERTIES; DATABASE; SPECTRA AB An extrapolation technique that provides semi-quantitative estimates for the infrared absorption coefficients of gaseous fuels at temperatures beyond those for which measurements are generally practical (> 700 K) is presented. The new method is based on a simplified expression for molecular line intensities consisting of three fitting parameters and two variables (temperature and frequency). The accuracy of the extrapolations was tested first by comparing predictions of absorption coefficients for CO, CO2, and H2O vapor to the corresponding values obtained directly from the HITEMP molecular database. Finally, to establish the practical utility of the method, the spectrum of propane at 1000 K obtained from the extrapolation technique was compared to actual experimental measurements. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos, Fire Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wakatsuki, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kaoru.wakatsuki@nist.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1565 EP 1573 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.078 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RW UT WOS:000229944200170 ER PT J AU Baum, HR Rehm, RG AF Baum, HR Rehm, RG TI A simple model of the World Trade Center fireball dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE fireball; fires; flame spread; fluid mechanics; safety AB An analytical model of the initial expansion of a fireball is presented. The model is based on an exact solution of the low Mach number combustion equations in the form initially proposed by the authors. The equations consist of the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy with an isobaric equation of state. The heat release rate is a prescribed spherically symmetric function characterized by a flame expansion velocity, a flame brush thickness that increases with time, and a heat release rate per unit surface area. The introduction of a prescribed heat release rate obviates the need for an explicit turbulence model. Thus, the inviscid forms of the conservation equations can be used in the analysis. The velocity field is decomposed into a spherically symmetric expansion field and a solenoidal component determined by the buoyancy induced vorticity field. The expansion field together with the induced pressure rise and temperature fields are spherically symmetric. However, the buoyancy forces induce vorticity where the temperature changes rapidly and break the spherical symmetry of the velocity field. The solution is used to study the initial expansion of the fireballs generated in the attack on the World Trade Center south tower. Video images are used to estimate the expansion rate of the fireball. This information, when combined with the analysis, leads to an estimate of the fuel consumed in the fireball that is independent of any assumptions about either the initial fuel distribution or the state of the building following the crash. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baum, HR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.baum@nist.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2247 EP 2254 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.125 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300062 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Baum, HR AF Prasad, K Baum, HR TI Coupled fire dynamics and thermal response of complex building structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE fire dynamics; heat transfer; radiation; structures ID SUBJECT AB Simulation of the effects of severe fires on the Structural integrity of buildings requires a close coupling between the gas phase energy release and transport phenomena, and the stress analysis in the load-bearing materials. The connection between the two is established primarily through the interaction of the radiative heat transfer between the solid and gas phases with the conduction of heat through the structural elements. This process is made difficult in large, geometrically complex buildings by the wide disparity in length and time scales that must be accounted for in the simulations. A procedure for overcoming these difficulties used in the analysis of the collapse of the World Trade Center towers is presented. The large scale temperature and other thermophysical properties in the gas phase are predicted using the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator. Heat transfer to subgrid scale structural elements is calculated using a simple radiative transport model that assumes the compartment is locally divided into a hot, soot laden upper layer and a cool relatively clear lower layer. The properties of the two layers are extracted from temporal averages of the results obtained from the Fire Dynamics Simulator. Explicit formulae for the heat flux Lire obtained as a function of temperature, hot layer depth, soot concentration, and orientation of each Structural element. These formulae are used to generate realistic thermal boundary conditions for a coupled transient three-dimensional finite element code. This code is used to generate solutions for the heating of complex structural assemblies. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2255 EP 2262 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.118 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300063 ER PT J AU Nakamura, Y Kashiwagi, T Olson, SL Nishizawa, K Fujita, O Ito, K AF Nakamura, Y Kashiwagi, T Olson, SL Nishizawa, K Fujita, O Ito, K TI Two-sided ignition of a thin PMMA sheet in microgravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE ignition; microgravity; PMMA ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); SOLID-FUEL; DEGRADATION; OXYGEN; VAPOR; MODEL AB Numerical computations and a series of experiments were conducted in microgravity to study the ignition characteristics of a thin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheet (thicknesses of 0.2 and 0.4 mm) using a CO, laser as an external radiant source. Two separate ignition events were observed, including ignition over the irradiated surface (frontside ignition), and ignition, after some delay, over the backside surface (backside ignition). The backside ignition was achieved in two different modes. In the first mode, after the laser was turned off, the flame shrank and stabilized closer to the fuel surface. This allowed the flame to travel from the frontside to the backside through the small, open hole generated by the laser's vaporization of PMMA. In the second mode, backside ignition was achieved during the laser irradiation. The numerical calculation simulating this second process predicts fresh oxygen supply flows from the backside gas phase to the frontside gas phase through the open hole, which mixes with accumulated hot NIMA fuel vapor which is ignited as a second flame in the frontside gas phase above the hole. Then, the flame initiated from the second ignition travels through the hole to ignite the accumulated flammable mixture in the backside gas phase near the hole, attaining backside ignition. The first backside ignition mode was observed in 21% oxygen and the second backside ignition mode in 35%. The duration of the laser irradiation appears to have important effects on the onset of backside ignition. For example, in 21% oxygen, the backside ignition was attained after a 3 s laser duration but was not observed after a 6 s laser duration (within the available test time of 10 s). Longer laser duration might prevent two-sided ignition in low oxygen concentrations. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Micrograv Combust Sci Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. RP Nakamura, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. EM yuji@mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Fujita, Osamu/D-6797-2012 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2319 EP 2325 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.037 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300071 ER PT S AU Smith, Z Detman, TR Dryer, M Fry, CD AF Smith, Z Detman, TR Dryer, M Fry, CD BE Lacoste, H TI Determining shock velocity inputs for sun-to-Earth models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE SOLAR WIND 11 - SOHO 16: CONNECTING SUN AND HELIOSPHERE SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Solar Wind 11 - SOHO 16 Conference CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Whistler, CANADA SP European Space Agcy, NASA, CSA ASC, NSF, Univ Michigan ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS AB One of the key parameters used for input by many numerical modeling codes that predict the arrival of interplanetary shocks at Earth on the basis of solar data is the initial shock speed. Forecasting these shock arrivals is of interest because they are likely to produce significant geomagnetic activity. Earlier, we tested the use, in an operational environment, of speeds obtained from metric type II radio bursts and halo/partial halo (h/ph) CMEs using the HAFv.2 model during the Halloween 2003 events. Both CME and metric type II radio burst measurements were shown to be useful and complimentary. We here investigate how well these inputs perform when used by the 3D Hybrid Heliospheric Modeling System (HHMS). C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; Thomas.R.Detman@noaa.gov; Murray.Dryer@noaa.gov; gfry@expi.com NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-903-0 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2005 VL 592 BP 771 EP 774 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDU58 UT WOS:000235471300158 ER PT S AU Bosley, KT Dussault, J McGrath, C Stepnowski, J AF Bosley, KT Dussault, J McGrath, C Stepnowski, J GP IEEE TI Real-time current measurements on US coast guard navigation buoys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES EIGHTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY JUN 28-29, 2005 CL Stoughton, WI SP IEEE, OES AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service ' s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (COOPS) operates Physical Oceanographic Real Time Systems (PORTS (R)) at many of our Nation ' s major sea ports to provide real-time information in support of safe and efficient maritime commerce. As part of on-going efforts to improve PORTS (R), CO-OPS has partnered with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) to install current measurement systems on existing navigation buoys. These systems consist of a "clamparatus" that secures a current profiler and electronics box to the buoy. The entire package weighs less than 200 pounds and is easily deployed using a small boat and a block and tackle. Data are sent to shore via spread-spectrum radios. Deployments up to seven months have been achieved because of the low power consumption of both the profiler and radios. The biggest challenge to date has been correcting the compass error induced by the steel buoy; initial compass calibrations have removed much of the magnetic deviation. The results of comparisons with current directions from bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are encouraging, showing agreement to within +/-13 degrees when all data are included. The difference improves to 11 when speeds less than 12.9 cm/s (.25 knots) are omitted. Recent experiments include the collection of global positioning system (GPS) compass measurements during calibration. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. RP Bosley, KT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 808 Principal Court, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 0-7803-8989-1 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2005 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1109/CCM.2005.1506355 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BCS53 UT WOS:000231050900026 ER PT B AU Foufou, S Fenves, SJ Bock, C Rachuri, S Sriram, RD AF Foufou, S Fenves, SJ Bock, C Rachuri, S Sriram, RD BE Bouras, A Gurumoorthy, B Sudarsan, R TI A core product model for PLM with an illustrative XML implementation SO Product Lifecycle Management: Emerging Solutions and Challenges for Global Networked Enterprise LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Product Life Cycle Management CY JUL 11-13, 2005 CL Lumiere Univ, Lyon, FRANCE HO Lumiere Univ DE Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems; information models; product models; conceptual models; function; form; behavior; XML; XML schema AB We propose a Core Product Model (CPM) for modeling product information suitable for supporting the information needs of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems over the lifecycle of the product from the earliest ideation to manufacturing, operation and disposal. We make this claim because in CPM a product is modeled as a triad of its function (what it is intended to do), its form (what is its shape and material) and its behavior (how it implements its function). Early pre-design activities can thus deal with the function without having a geometric model of the form, and activities subsequent to design can extend the behavior by the evaluation of multiple causal models (e.g., what is the product's market share). The components of the conceptual model of CPM are presented in terms of the product's function, form and behavior, as well as the decompositions, associations and various kinds of relationships among these concepts. The model is represented in UML so as to provide interoperability with other models. An implementation model in XML and an example are presented to illustrate the principal elements of the proposed CPM model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BUILDING, 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI, CH 1215 15 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND BN 0-907776-18-3 PY 2005 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA BCY25 UT WOS:000231849600003 ER PT B AU Subrahmanian, E Sudarsan, R Fenves, SJ Foufou, S Sriram, RD AF Subrahmanian, E Sudarsan, R Fenves, SJ Foufou, S Sriram, RD BE Bouras, A Gurumoorthy, B Sudarsan, R TI Challenges in supporting product design and manufacturing in a networked economy: A PLM perspective SO Product Lifecycle Management: Emerging Solutions and Challenges for Global Networked Enterprise LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Product Life Cycle Management CY JUL 11-13, 2005 CL Lumiere Univ, Lyon, FRANCE HO Lumiere Univ DE product lifecycle; interoperability; data exchange; standards; product design; ontology AB In this paper, we provide an overview of the changing design and manufacturing landscape in the 21(st) century that has come about because of the Information Technology (IT), and the changing global conditions. Based on this overview and a review of the current state of IT for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) support in the design and manufacturing sector, we identify the areas of need for standards. A review of areas covered by standards leads us to the development of an initial typology of standards and a potential path for bringing convergence of these standards in support of PLM. We make a case throughout the paper that given the nature of the task we need to aspire to create open standards with wide participation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSI Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BUILDING, 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI, CH 1215 15 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND BN 0-907776-18-3 PY 2005 BP 495 EP 506 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA BCY25 UT WOS:000231849600045 ER PT J AU Tatarskii, VI AF Tatarskii, V. I. TI Use of semi-inversion method for the Dirichlet problem in rough surface scattering SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID WAVE-SCATTERING AB The scattering problem from the random interface with the Dirichlet boundary condition can be formulated as an integral equation x = (K) over capy with respect to surface sources y (here, (K) over cap is the integral operator). Starting with an approximate operator (K) over cap (0), for which the inverse operator (M) over cap = (K) over cap (-1)(0)is known, the series in powers of the operator (Z) over cap = (M) over cap((K) over cap (0) - (K) over cap) is derived. As an approximate kernel, we consider the kernel depending only on the difference of arguments: K-0 = K-0 (r - r'), for which the kernel of the operator (M) over cap can be found in terms of generalized functions. The norm of the difference operator parallel to(Z) over cap parallel to is found; the conditions of convergency parallel to(Z) over cap parallel to <= 1 were obtained. C1 Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tatarskii, VI (reprint author), Zel Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 54 BP 109 EP 135 DI 10.2528/PIER04110802 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 073QJ UT WOS:000239757400007 ER PT J AU Fuks, IM AF Fuks, I. M. TI Asymptotic solutions for backscattering by smooth 2D surfaces SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION AB High-frequency asymptotic expansions of electric and magnetic fields are obtained at a perfectly conducting smooth 2D surface illuminated by a plane incident wave in two cases of TE and TM linear polarization. Diffraction corrections up to the second order of the inverse large parameter p = ak ( where a is a curvature radius at the specularly reflected point, and k is a field wavenumber) to the geometrical optics fields, and specifically to their phases, backscattering cross-sections (HH and VV for TE and TM polarizations, correspondingly), as well as the polarization ratio HH/VV, are derived for the specular points of a general form. These general results are applied to backscattering from cylinders with conical section directrixes ( circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola), and a number of new compact explicit equations are derived, especially for elliptic and hyperbolic cylinders illuminated at an arbitrary incidence angle relative to their axes of symmetry. C1 Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Fuks, IM (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, R-ET-0,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 53 BP 189 EP 226 DI 10.2528/PIER04092102 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 073QI UT WOS:000239757300010 ER PT J AU Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Bond, NA Belgrano, A Stenseth, NC AF Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Bond, NA Belgrano, A Stenseth, NC TI Recruitment of walleye pollock in a physically and biologically complex ecosystem: A new perspective SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Theragra chalcogramma; complex systems; recruitment prediction; forecasting; Gulf of Alaska ID ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; GULF-OF-ALASKA; CORAL-REEF FISH; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; MARINE FISH; BERING-SEA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COD POPULATIONS AB Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is a commercially important marine fish in the Gulf of Alaska that has provided a natural experimental system to study many features of the recruitment process. We review recruitment of pollock in the Gulf of Alaska in the conceptual framework of a complex system. In this perspective, high frequency, or activating, events during egg and larval life introduce variability to the dynamics of the population, whereas lower frequency constraining processes tend to promote broader patterns. This view is supported by both simple population and complex statistical models that capture the trends and general patterns in the time series of recruitment. Consequences of this view of recruitment are discussed in terms of forecasting strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NCGR, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kevin.bailey@noaa.gov RI Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016 OI Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399 NR 107 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.06.001 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 017OA UT WOS:000235701700002 ER PT J AU Hsieh, CH Reiss, C Watson, W Allen, MJ Hunter, JR Lea, RN Rosenblatt, RH Smith, PE Sugihara, G AF Hsieh, CH Reiss, C Watson, W Allen, MJ Hunter, JR Lea, RN Rosenblatt, RH Smith, PE Sugihara, G TI A comparison of long-term trends and variability in populations of larvae of exploited and unexploited fishes in the Southern California region: A community approach SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE fish assemblages; CalCOFI time series; fishing effects; climate; age-at-maturation ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; TIME-SERIES; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; PACIFIC SARDINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGES AB We have constructed an "expert-knowledge classification system" to categorize 309 fish taxa in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations ichthyoplankton database into primary (coastal, coastal-oceanic, and oceanic) assemblages based on their principal ecological domains and subsequently, secondary assemblages according to the habitat affinities of adults. We examined effects of fishing, climate, adult habitat, and age-at-maturation on long-term variation of fish populations. We tested the hypothesis that populations of unexploited taxa, track climatic trends more closely than those of exploited taxa insofar as climatic signals may be confounded by fishing effects. Most oceanic taxa (23/34) showed a significant relationship with environmental variables and followed the trend of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Very few coastal (3/10) and coastal-oceanic (3/23) taxa exhibited a significant relationship with environmental signals; however, several fluctuated coherently, and age-at-maturation is an important factor. The lack of close correlation between fish populations and environmental signals in the coastal and coastal-oceanic assemblages indicates that these species might show nonlinear biological responses to external forcing rather than a simple linear tracking of environmental variables. We did not find a systematic pattern indicating that fishing influenced population fluctuation of exploited species. Constrained comparisons of exploited to unexploited species living in the same habitat and reaching maturity at the same age revealed evidence of overexploitation for some species but not for all. Our results suggest that considering life history and ecological characteristics of fish species and applying a community approach are important in understanding fishing effects on fish populations in the context of a changing environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Biodivers Project, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hsieh, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM chsieh@ucsd.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.05.002 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 017OA UT WOS:000235701700005 ER PT J AU Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Leising, AW AF Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Leising, AW TI Reproductive success of Calanus pacificus during diatom blooms in Dabob Bay, Washington SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE USA; Washington; Dabob Bay; Calanus pacificus; copepods; diatoms; Thalassiosira; egg production rate; hatching success ID COPEPOD TEMORA-STYLIFERA; SHORT-CHAIN ALDEHYDES; EGG-PRODUCTION RATES; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; HATCHING SUCCESS; ALPHA,BETA,GAMMA,DELTA-UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; THALASSIOSIRA-ROTULA; VERTICAL MIGRATION; CHEMICAL DEFENSE AB While numerous laboratory studies in the last decade have shown that diatoms can induce reproductive failure in copepods, field evidence for a negative diatom effect is equivocal. To unambiguously elucidate the effects diatoms have on copepod reproduction in situ, we undertook a study of the abundance, distribution, grazing rates, and reproductive success of Calanus pacificus in Dabob flay, Washington, USA, during two spring bloom periods. We simultaneously measured the phytoplankton composition, abundance, and distribution. Here we present results for the reproductive success of C pacificus using four measurements: egg production rate, clutch size, egg hatching success, and naupliar survival (to the first feeding stage). Egg production rate was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, and egg hatching success and naupliar survival were usually greater than 80%. However, in February 2002 and 2003 - during blooms of diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira - either egg hatching success, naupliar survival, or both were significantly depressed compared to other times in spring and summer. These effects, combined with evidence that C pacificus was grazing aldehyde-producing Thalassiosira at the time of their blooms, indicate that diatoms can negatively affect copepod reproduction in the field, albeit only under specific circumstances and for brief periods. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jpierson@ocean.washington.edu RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 58 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 314 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.002 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200003 ER PT J AU Halsband-Lenk, C Pierson, JJ Leising, AW AF Halsband-Lenk, C Pierson, JJ Leising, AW TI Reproduction of Pseudocalanus newmani (Copepoda : Calanoida) is deleteriously affected by diatom blooms - A field study SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Pseudocalanus newmani; puget sound; reproduction; diatoms; aldehydes; diatom effect ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; EGG-PRODUCTION RATES; CALANUS-HELGOLANDICUS; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; HATCHING SUCCESS; FOOD QUALITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; ENGLISH-CHANNEL; COASTAL WATERS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Copepod secondary production has traditionally been linked to the spring diatom bloom in temperate and high latitudes, but laboratory studies. have recently challenged this view and have shown either reduced fecundity or viability of offspring when copepods were fed high concentrations of - mostly unialgal - diatoms. However, field evidence that diatoms affect copepdd reproduction is still scarce. We analyzed the reproductive response of a common, small calanoid copepod of the boreal Pacific, Pseudocalanus newmani, to spring diatom blooms in Dabob Bay, a semi-enclosed fjord of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Abundance patterns, egg production rates, egg hatching success, and naupliar viability of the egg-carrying copepod were examined between February and early May in the years 2002-2004. The population underwent strong variations in abundance during both years, with high abundance of all stages from February to mid-March, but dramatically decreasing individual numbers later in spring. A recovery to higher numbers occurred in July. While egg production rates were independent of chlorophyll concentrations, the reproductive success of P. newmani was negatively affected by certain phytoplankton bloom conditions. Hatching success and - more markedly - naupliar survival were reduced following peaks of Thalassiosira species that were producing anti-mitotic aldehydes, but were high during periods when phytoplankton blooms were more diverse or dominated by other prey taxa including diatoms. As a consequence, recruitment of the naupliar population was considerably affected by the Thalassiosira blooms. This study shows for the first time that the so-called diatom effect operates in nature when all prerequisites - (1) high concentration of aldehyde producers, (2) few prey alternatives, and (3) feeding of copepods on these algae - are given. However, the effect was transient in Dabob Bay and may be so in other pelagic ecosystems. It remains to discern the potential sources of mortality, such as toxicity, malnutrition, predation, and/or advection, that may have caused the strong decline of the Pseudocalanus population during April. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, NMFS, PFEL, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Halsband-Lenk, C (reprint author), Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, POB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. EM claudia.halsband-lenk@unis.no RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 51 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 332 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.003 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200004 ER PT J AU Pierson, JJ Leising, AW Halsband-Lenk, C Ferm, N AF Pierson, JJ Leising, AW Halsband-Lenk, C Ferm, N TI Vertical distribution and abundance of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus newmani in relation to chlorophyll a concentrations in Dabob Bay, Washington SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Washington; Dabob Bay; copepods; diatoms; population abundance; vertical distribution; vertical migration ID COPEPOD REPRODUCTION; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; METRIDIA-LUCENS; MARINE COPEPOD; MIGRATION; VARIABILITY; DIATOMS; FJORD; FERTILIZATION; ZOOPLANKTON AB Recent evidence suggests that diatoms may induce reproductive failure in planktonic copepods, either through ingestion of diatoms by females or contact of embryos with diatom extracts. Therefore, the co-location of copepods and diatoms in situ may affect copepod reproductive success. As part of a study to determine the effect of diatoms on copepod reproductive effort, we measured the abundance and nighttime vertical distribution of two species of copepods, Calanus pacificus and Pseudoealantis newmani, as well as vertical distribution of chlorophyll a, during winter-spring in Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA, in 2002 and 2003, with limited observations in the summer of both years. Populations of both species declined throughout the winter-spring but rebounded by summer. While C pacificus females, males, and CV copepodites were not strongly co-located with chlorophyll a concentrations, those same stages of P. newmani were consistently found within the layer containing the chlorophyll maximum. Our limited data on vertical migration show that female and CI-CII copepodites of C. pacificus exhibited normal diet vertical migration behavior, but adult P. newmani exhibited reverse diet migration. Overall, these data suggest that the patterns of reproductive success observed for the two species may be related to their different vertical distributions and may affect their population dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jpierson@ocean.washington.edu RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.006 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200005 ER PT J AU Leising, AW Horner, R Pierson, JJ Postel, J Halsband-Lenk, C AF Leising, AW Horner, R Pierson, JJ Postel, J Halsband-Lenk, C TI The balance between microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in a highly productive estuarine fjord SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE microzooplankton; diatoms; dilution experiments; grazing; Dabob Bay; USA ID PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; PLANKTON; CARBON; SEA; PREDATION; HERBIVORY; MICROBES; PACIFIC; DIATOMS; BLOOMS AB During 24, three-day cruises to Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA, from February 4 to April 26, 2002, and February 4 to May 1 2003, we examined the relative growth and grazing rates of phytoplankton and microzooplankton using dilution experiments. Experiments were conducted over two time intervals: 8-10 h during the nighttime only, or 24 h from noon to noon. We used water from two depths during each cruise: from the surface mixed layer, and from a deep layer below the seasonal thermocline. During 2002, there was one mid-sized bloom consisting mainly of Thalassiosira spp. in early February, and a larger bloom in April comprised of two Chaetoceros spp. and Phaeocystis sp. During 2003, there were also two blooms, one in early February, which was again dominated by Thalassiosira spp., and a second larger bloom in mid-April, comprised mainly of Thalassiosira spp. and Chaetoceros spp. During all four of these blooms, and for both water source depths, specific grazing rates of microzooplankton were most often as high or higher than the calculated phytoplankton specific growth rates. The major microzooplankton categories that could have accounted for this were (1) a large Gyrodinium spp., (2) a group of fusiform-shaped mid-sized Protoperidinium species, and (3) three loosely defined taxonomic groups consisting of naked ciliates, tintinnids, and unidentified heterotrophic dinoflagellates. Based on our measurements, it appears that the microzooplankton community grazing pressure can often exert significant control on phytoplankton biomass, even during the extremely productive spring bloom periods and under several different diatom-dominated bloom types. These results suggest that even in highly productive estuarine ecosystems, which are often nurseries to economically important fisheries species, microzooplankton play a critical role and may significantly alter the availability and efficiency of transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98150 USA. RP Leising, AW (reprint author), NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Andrew.Leising@noaa.gov RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 366 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.007 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200006 ER PT J AU Leising, AW Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Horner, R Postel, J AF Leising, AW Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Horner, R Postel, J TI Copepod grazing during spring blooms: Does Calanus pacificus avoid harmful diatoms? SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Calanus pacificus; feeding selection; diatoms; microzooplankton; grazing; USA; Washington; Dabob Bay ID FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; EGG-PRODUCTION; HATCHING SUCCESS; ENGLISH-CHANNEL; ACARTIA-CLAUSI; FOOD QUALITY; REPRODUCTION; ZOOPLANKTON; HELGOLANDICUS; DIETS AB During late winter and spring of 2002 and 2003, 24, 2-3 day cruises were conducted to Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA, to examine the grazing, egg production, and hatching success rates of adult female Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus newmani. The results of the copepod grazing experiments for C pacificus are discussed here. Each week, copepod grazing incubation experiments from two different depth layers were conducted. Grazing was measured by both changes in chlorophyll concentration and cell counts. In 2002, there was one moderate bloom consisting mainly of Thalassiosira spp. in early February, and a larger bloom in April comprised of two Chaetoeeros species and Phaeocystis sp. Similarly, in 2003, there were two blooms, an early one dominated by Thalassiosira spp., and a later one consisting of Chaetoceros spp. and Thalassiosira spp. Clearance rates on individual prey species, as calculated by cell counts, showed that C pacificus are highly selective in their feeding, and may have much higher clearance rates on individual taxa, than rates calculated from bulk chlorophyll disappearance. During weeks of high phytoplankton concentration, the copepods generally ate phytoplankton. However, they often rejected the most abundant phytoplankton species, particularly certain Thalassiosira spp., even though the rejected prey were often of the same genus and similar size to the preferred prey. It is speculated that this avoidance may be related to the possible deleterious effects that certain of these diatom species have on the reproductive success of these copepods. During weeks of medium to low phytoplankton concentration, the copepods selectively ate certain species of phytoplankton, and often had high electivity for microzooplankton. The selection mechanism must consist of active particle rejection most likely based on detection of surface chemical properties, since the diatoms that were selected were of the same genus, nearly the same size, and at lower numerical abundance than those cells that were avoided. The grazing choices made by these copepods may have important consequences for the overall ecosystem function within coastal and estuarine systems through changes in the transfer efficiency of energy to higher trophic levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98150 USA. RP Leising, AW (reprint author), NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Andrew.Leising@noaa.gov RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 384 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.008 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200007 ER PT J AU Leising, AW Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Horner, R Postel, J AF Leising, AW Pierson, JJ Halsband-Lenk, C Horner, R Postel, J TI Copepod grazing during spring blooms: Can Pseudocalanus newmani induce trophic cascades? SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Pseudocalanus newmani; trophic cascades; diatoms; microzooplankton; grazing; Dabob Bay ID PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; EGG-PRODUCTION; ACARTIA-TONSA; ZOOPLANKTON; DIATOMS; MICROZOOPLANKTON; IMPACT; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON AB During late winter and spring of 2002 and 2003, 24 two- to three-day cruises were conducted to Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA, to examine the grazing, egg production, and hatching success rates of adult female Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus newmani. Here, we discuss the results of our grazing experiments for P. newmani. Each week, we conducted traditional microzooplankton dilution experiments and "copepod dilution" experiments, each from two different layers. Grazing was measured by changes in chlorophyll concentration and direct cell counts. Clearance rates on individual prey species, as calculated by cell counts, showed that Pseudocalanus are highly selective in their feeding, and may have much higher grazing rates on individual taxa than calculated from bulk chlorophyll disappearance. The grazing rates of the copepods, however, are typically an order of magnitude lower than the grazing rates of the microzooplankton community, or the growth rates of the phytoplankton. P. newmani ingested diatoms, but, at certain times fed preferentially on microzooplankton, such as ciliates, tintinnids, and larger dinoflagellates. Removal of the microzooplankton may have released the other phytoplankton species from grazing pressure, allowing those species' abundance to increase, which was measured as an apparent "negative" grazing on those phytoplankton species. The net result of grazing on some phytoplankton species, while simultaneously releasing others from grazing pressure resulted in bulk chlorophyll-derived estimates of grazing which were essentially zero or slightly negative; thus bulk chlorophyll disappearance is a poor indicator of copepod grazing. Whether copepods can significantly release phytoplankton from the grazing pressure by microzooplankton in situ, thus causing a trophic cascade, remains to be verified, but is suggested by our study. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98150 USA. RP Leising, AW (reprint author), NOAA, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Andrew.Leising@noaa.gov RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Halsband, Claudia/B-7770-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Halsband, Claudia/0000-0002-8570-9056 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 406 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.009 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 994BP UT WOS:000234005200008 ER PT S AU Roberts, JW Fanning, E Sahibzada, H AF Roberts, JW Fanning, E Sahibzada, H BE Wu, MH TI Measuring the effects of display hardware on video motion SO Projection Displays XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Projection Displays XI CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE display measurement; metrology; projection; temporal; moving images; image quality; video; DMD; microrrtirror; plasma; interpretability AB A series of measurement techniques (including measurement of the image on the display) are employed to determine the severity of motion errors, in order to gauge their effects on subjective evaluation of image quality and interpretability, and to identify and eliminate sources of motion errors. High performance display systems are increasingly being used for playback of moving imagery, making the accurate depiction of motion more important than ever. Higher definition formats drive systems harder, and source image motion can result in gross motion errors in the image seen on the display. Contributing factors can be choice of content, compression and transmission, graphics engine, and physical display device. Such motion errors can significantly impact perceived motion imagery quality and the perceived quality of the content, the server, and the display device. The NIST Motion Image Quality project is concerned with: (1) perceived image quality, and (2) motion image interpretability. The project uses both subjective analysis and quantitative measures of image characteristics. In the course of producing and collecting video content for subjective analysis, the project has encountered combinations of source and display system that produce severe motion artifacts that clearly affect image quality, and appear to impact interpretability as well. The apparent severity of the effects varies somewhat by the display technology used (DMD, LCD, CRT), which may indicate differences in the ways the display systems react to incoming signals. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberts, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5714-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5740 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.590949 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCL16 UT WOS:000229827600012 ER PT S AU Boynton, PA Kelley, EF AF Boynton, PA Kelley, EF BE Wu, MH TI Comparing methodologies for determining resolution from contrast in projection display systems SO Projection Displays XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Projection Displays XI CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE display measurement; projection displays; stray light; resolution; small area contrast; replica mask AB The accurate measurement of spatial resolution can be critical in the characterizations of projection display systems. Techniques can be used to determine resolution of projection systems by measuring the contrast of alternating grille patterns or fully modulated sine waves of various spatial frequencies. Unfortunately, the measurement of the contrast of these patterns may be influenced by stray light, either from ambient and reflected light in the environment, or from veiling glare (light scattering) in the lens of the light-measuring device. Such stray-light corruption can lead to large errors in contrast determination, providing an inaccurate and misleading characterization of the projector. For large-area measurements, various tools and methodologies have been employed, including the use of frustums and masks, to minimize such unwanted effects and provide a more accurate measurement. With some modifications, these same tools may be used for small-area measurements with similar results. Results will be shown comparing resolution determinations using different test methodologies with and without stray light compensation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boynton, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5714-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5740 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.602371 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCL16 UT WOS:000229827600013 ER PT S AU Silverman, KL Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST Klein, B AF Silverman, KL Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST Klein, B BE Huffaker, DL Bhattacharya, PK TI Carrier dynamics and homogeneous broadening in quantum dot waveguides SO Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles, and Nonoclusters II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles, and Nanoclusters II CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID 1.3 MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MULTIPHONON PROCESSES; OPTICAL GAIN; RELAXATION; EMISSION; LASERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOCURRENT; SPECTROSCOPY AB Coupling between InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots is investigated using differential transmission spectroscopy. De,generate measurements show an initial carrier relaxation time that is relatively independent of carrier density. Two-color pump-probe techniques are used to spectrally resolve the carrier dynamics, revealing transfer between quantum dots and a homogeneous linewidth of 12 nm at room temperature. The time constant for carrier escape is shown to increase from 35 ps at room temperature to 130 ps at 230 K. We then employ a rate equation model to simulate the performance of a semiconductor optical amplifier with QDs as the active region. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5708-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5734 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.598040 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCK30 UT WOS:000229697800011 ER PT J AU Nuissier, O Rogers, RF Roux, F AF Nuissier, O Rogers, RF Roux, F TI A numerical simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22-23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE initialization; non-hydrostatic numerical models; tropical cyclones; vortex Rossby waves ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; MESOSCALE-MODEL; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM AB This study concerns the simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22-23 August 1999 with the MesoNH non-hydrostatic, two-way interactive, quadruple-nested grid mesoscale model. A 30 h integration, from 0000 UTC 22 August to 0600 UTC 23 August, covers the period of maximum intensity over the Gulf of Mexico and landfall over Texas. Special attention is paid to the initial conditions from which the model is integrated. A balanced vortex, derived from airborne Doppler radar data, is used to replace the ill-defined cyclone in the large-scale analysis. In addition, the analysed humidity field over the Gulf of Mexico is modified in accordance with specific dropsonde observations. A comparison between the simulated storm track and intensity for three different numerical experiments shows that the inclusion of the radar-derived vortex and high spatial resolution are necessary to obtain a realistic simulation. After an initial period of adjustment, the simulation with the inserted radar-derived vortex and high resolution produces a storm only 10 hPa weaker than the observation after 24 h, compared to the control run that is nearly 50 hPa weaker at the same time. The characteristics of this simulated storm at its mature stage are then presented, with particular emphasis on the processes that modulate the intensity of the inner core region. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Roux, F (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM frank.roux@aero.obs-mip.fr RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 605 BP 155 EP 194 DI 10.1256/qj.02.233 PN A PG 40 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 898LD UT WOS:000227077400009 ER PT J AU Yin, Y Carslaw, KS Feingold, G AF Yin, Y Carslaw, KS Feingold, G TI Vertical transport and processing of aerosols in a mixed-phase convective cloud and the feedback on cloud development SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aerosol-cloud interaction; bin microphysics model; convective pumping; deep convection ID CHEMICAL-SPECIES PRODUCTION; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WET REMOVAL; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLECTION BREAKUP; SULFATE PRODUCTION; MODEL DESCRIPTION AB A modelling study of vertical transport and processing of sulphate aerosol by a mixed-phase convective cloud, and the feedback of the cloud-processed aerosols on the development of cloud microphysical properties and precipitation is presented. An axisymmetric dynamic cloud model with bin-resolved microphysics and aqueous-phase chemistry is developed and is used to examine the relative importance of microphysical and chemical processes on the aerosol budget, the fate of the aerosol material inside hydrometeors, and the size distributions of cloud-processed sulphate aerosols. Numerical simulations are conducted for a moderately deep convective cloud observed during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiments. The results show that aerosol particles that have been transported from the boundary layer, detrained, and then re-entrained at midcloud levels account for a large fraction of the aerosol inside hydrometeors (similar to40% by mass). Convective transport by the simulated cloud enhances upper-tropospheric aerosol number and mass concentrations by factors of 2-3 and 3-4, respectively. Sensitivity studies suggest that, for the simulated case, aqueous chemistry does not modify the evolution of the cloud significantly. Finally, ice-phase hydrometeor development is very sensitive to aerosol concentrations at midcloud levels. The latter result suggests that the occurrence of mid-tropospheric aerosol layers that have been advected through long-range transport could strongly affect cloud microphysical processes and precipitation formation. C1 Univ Coll Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Yin, Y (reprint author), Univ Coll Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM yyy@aber.ac.uk RI Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Yin, Yan/I-8350-2014 OI Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Yin, Yan/0000-0002-8391-2712 NR 61 TC 56 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 605 BP 221 EP 245 DI 10.1256/gj.03.186 PN A PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 898LD UT WOS:000227077400011 ER PT S AU Desrosiers, M Coursey, B Seltzer, S Hudson, L Puhl, J Bergstrom, P Bateman, F Cooper, S Alderson, D Knudson, G Elliott, T Shoemaker, M Lowy, J Miller, S Dunlop, J AF Desrosiers, M Coursey, B Seltzer, S Hudson, L Puhl, J Bergstrom, P Bateman, F Cooper, S Alderson, D Knudson, G Elliott, T Shoemaker, M Lowy, J Miller, S Dunlop, J BE Gazso, LG Ponta, CC TI Irradiation decontamination of postal mail and high-risk luggage SO Radiation Inactivation of Bioterrorism Agents SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Radiation Inactivation of Bioterrorism Agents CY MAR 07-09, 2004 CL Frederic Joliot-Curie Natl Res Inst Radiobiol & Radiohygiene, Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO HO Frederic Joliot-Curie Natl Res Inst Radiobiol & Radiohygiene ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; INACTIVATION; RADIATION; VIRUSES AB In October 2001, first class letters, which were laced with Bacillus anthracis spores, were sent to political and media targets resulting in five deaths and 22 illnesses, significant mail service disruption, and economic loss. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy established a technical task force on mail decontamination that included three key agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; and, the United States Postal Service. A cooperative effort between this task force and industry led to protocols for the processing of letter and parcel mail. Currently, NIST is examining the technical issues and barriers to the use of ionizing radiation to mitigate bioterrorism agents in high-risk passenger luggage. The purpose of this work is to develop irradiation specifications, procedures, and protocols that will ensure that broad classes of bioterrorism agents in passenger luggage will be neutralized without damaging luggage contents and inconveniencing passengers with long delays. This work focuses on three areas: the assembly of critical input data, the development of a coupled computational-experimental verification approach for estimating the radiation dose that can be delivered to passenger luggage and the application of the computations to a larger variety of luggage configurations followed by the development of specifications, procedures, and protocols for the irradiation of passenger luggage. An analysis of the expectations for growth in these and other homeland security areas where irradiation technology can be applied will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-488-X J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2005 VL 365 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Biology; Microbiology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microbiology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCE05 UT WOS:000228807300013 ER PT J AU Kotrappa, P Stieff, LR Volkovitsky, P AF Kotrappa, P Stieff, LR Volkovitsky, P TI Radon monitor calibration using NIST radon emanation standards: Steady flow method SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) polyethylene-encapsulated Ra-226/Rn-222 emanation (PERE) standards (old SRM 4968 and new SRMs 4971, 4972, and 4973) provide precise radon emanation rate, certified to a high degree of accuracy (approximately to 2%). Two new SRM 4973 standards containing totally 1036 Bq (0.028 mu Ci) of Ra-226, emanate 0.114 Bq (3.08 pCi) of Rn-222 per min. Air passing over such sources at a flow rate of 11 min(-1) will have a radon concentration of 114 Bq m(-3) (3.08 pCi 1(-1)). This paper describes a practical calibration system and the actual calibration verification data obtained at different flow rates, for E-PERM (R) passive radon monitors, Femto-Tech (R) and Alpha Guard (R) Continuous Radon Monitors. The use of such an affordable and easy to use system by the manufacturers and users of radon measurement devices will bring uniform standards with traceability to a NIST standard source and is considered an important step in standardising radon measurement methods. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kotrappa, P (reprint author), 5714-C Ind Lane, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. EM PKotrappa@aol.com NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1093/rpd/nch421 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 918YN UT WOS:000228585600009 PM 15561742 ER PT J AU Lucas, L Pibida, L Unterweger, M Karam, L AF Lucas, L Pibida, L Unterweger, M Karam, L TI Gamma-ray emitting test sources for portal monitors used for homeland security SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology developed a new set of test sources for testing of portal monitors against the ANSI standard N42.35-2004. The design and source specifications are provided in this work. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1093/rpd/nch422 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 918YN UT WOS:000228585600013 PM 15585520 ER PT J AU Fakir, H Hofmann, W Caswell, RS Aubineau-Laniece, I AF Fakir, H Hofmann, W Caswell, RS Aubineau-Laniece, I TI Microdosimetry of inhomogeneous radon progeny distributions in bronchial airways SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION PATTERNS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; ENERGY-SPECTRA; HUMAN-LUNG; BIFURCATIONS; DAUGHTERS; MODELS AB A Monte Carlo code, initially developed for the calculation of microdosimetric spectra for alpha particles in cylindrical airways, has been extended to allow the computation (i) of additional microdosimetric parameters and (ii) for realistic exposure conditions in human bronchial airways with respect to surface activity distribution and airway geometry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of non-uniform distributions of radon progeny activities in bronchial airways on cellular energy deposition parameters. Significant variations of hit frequencies, doses and microscopic energy deposition patterns were observed for epithelial cell nuclei, depending strongly on the assumed activity distributions. Thus, epithelial cells located at different positions in a given bronchial airway may experience a wide range of biological responses. The results obtained suggest that the hit frequency may be the primary physical parameter for alpha particles, supplemented by microdosimetric single event spectra, to be related to biological effects for chronic low level exposures. C1 DRPH, SDI, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Salzburg Univ, Div Phys & Biophys, Dept Mol Biol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Fakir, H (reprint author), DRPH, SDI, Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. EM hatim.fakir@sbg.ac.at NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 923PX UT WOS:000228922900002 PM 15644406 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Kelly, WR AF Mann, JL Kelly, WR TI Measurement of sulfur isotope composition (delta S-34) by multiple-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry using a S-33-S-36 double spike SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONATION; ABUNDANCES; METEORITES; RATIOS AB A new analytical technique is described for the determination of delta S-34 that is comparable to or better than modern gas source mass spectrometry in precision and accuracy, but requires about a factor of 10 less sample. The technique is based on the production of singularly charged arsenic sulfide molecular ions (AsS+) by thermal ionization using silica gel as an emitter and combines multiple-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (MC-TIMS) with a S-33-S-36 double spike to correct instrumental fractionation. Three international sulfur standards (IAEA-S-1, IAEA-S-2, and IAEA-S-3) were measured to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the new technique and to evaluate the consensus values for these standards. Two different double spike preparations were used. The delta S-34 values (reported relative to Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite (VCDT), (delta S-34 (parts per thousand) =([((S-34/S-32)(sample)/(S-34/S-32)(VCDT) - 1) X 1000]), S-34/S-32(VCDT) = 0.0441626) determined were -0.32 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand (1 sigma, n = 4) and -0.31 +/- 0.13%) (1 sigma, n = 8) for IAEA-S-1, 22.65 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand (1 sigma, n = 7) and 22.60 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand (1 sigma, n = 5) for IAEA-S-2, and -32.47 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand (1 sigma, n = 8) for IAEA-S-3. The amount of natural sample used for these analyses ranged from 0.40 to 2.35 mu mol. Replicate determinations of each standard showed less than 0.5 parts per thousand variability (IAEA-S-1 < 0.4 parts per thousand, IAEA-S-2 < 0.2 parts per thousand, and IAEAS-3 < 0.2 parts per thousand). Because the technique is based on thermal ionization of AsS+, and As is mononuclidic, corrections for interferences or for scale con traction/expansion are not required. The availability of MC-TIMS instruments in laboratories around the world makes this technique immediately available to a much larger scientific community who require highly accurate and precise measurements of sulfur. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 23 BP 3429 EP 3441 DI 10.1002/rcm.2213 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 990AP UT WOS:000233715900003 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Norton, SJ AF Johnson, WL Kim, SA Norton, SJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Profiles of material properties in induction-hardened steel determined through inversion of resonant acoustic measurements SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 24A and 24B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO HO Colorado Sch Mines ID CYLINDERS; MODES AB Electromagnetic-acoustic measurements of resonant frequencies of induction-hardened steel shafts were used in all inverse calculation to determine parameters of the radial variations in the shear constant and density, including the effects of material variations and residual stress. Parameters determined for the profile of the shear constant were consistent with independent measurements on cut specimens and estimates of the acoustoelastic contribution. The profiles determined for material variations were close to those of the measured hardness. C1 NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0245-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 760 BP 1285 EP 1291 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE68 UT WOS:000228893301032 ER PT S AU Waters, KR Mukdadi, OM AF Waters, KR Mukdadi, OM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic estimation of mechanical properties of pulmonary arterial wall under normoxic and hypoxic conditions SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 24A and 24B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO HO Colorado Sch Mines ID TENDON AB Secondary pediatric pulmonary hypertension is a disease that could benefit from improved ultrasonic diagnostic techniques. We perform high-frequency in vitro ultrasound measurements (25 MHz to 100 MHz) on fresh and fixed pulmonary arterial walls excised from normoxic and hypoxic Long-Evans rat models. Estimates of the elastic stiffness coefficients are determined front measurements of the speed of sound. Preliminary results indicate that hypoxia leads to up to increase of 20 % in stiffening of the pulmonary arterial wall. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Waters, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0245-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 760 BP 1541 EP 1548 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE68 UT WOS:000228893301065 ER PT J AU Pappas, DP Arnold, CS AF Pappas, DP Arnold, CS TI Application of W-Re thermocouples for in situ ultrahigh vacuum use over a wide temperature range SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REORIENTATION; TRANSITION AB A system for in situ temperature measurements in ultrahigh vacuum is described. The system is based on a W-Re thermocouple and has a temperature range from -200 degreesC to 2000 degreesC. Another benefit of the system is that it allows for temperature measurements while the sample is held at high voltage for heating via electron-beam bombardment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016104 DI 10.1063/1.1832171 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SA UT WOS:000226738300053 ER PT J AU Kock, KH Jones, CD AF Kock, KH Jones, CD TI Fish stocks in the southern Scotia Arc region - A review and prospects for future research SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Antarctic fish stocks; Scotia Arc ID NOTOTHENIA-ROSSII-MARMORATA; ANTARCTIC LARVAL FISH; ISLANDS SUBAREA 48.2; CHAMPSOCEPHALUS-GUNNARI; SHETLAND ISLANDS; PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM; HARPAGIFER-BISPINIS; AGE-DETERMINATION; ELEPHANT ISLAND; PISCES AB We provide a summary of biological aspects and population trends of demersal finfish stocks in the southern Scotia Arc region of Antarctica. Information presented here, drawn largely from recent scientific research surveys, includes aspects of species composition, biomass and stock structure, reproduction and early life history, age, growth, and natural mortality, and diet. Although Antarctic fish faunal groups overlap in the southern Scotia Arc, the region is dominated by species of low-Antarctic origin both in terms of biomass and number of species. Several basic biological parameters of the abundant fish species in the southern Scotia Arc are comparatively well known, though less so in the South Orkney Islands than the South Shetland Islands. These stocks suffered substantial declines as a result of commercial exploitation of mackerel ice fish, Champsocephalus gunnari, and marbled notothenia, Notothenia rossii, in the late 1970s and mid 1980s. This led to a moratorium on directed fishing in 1989-90 which remains in effect. At present, several stocks, with the exception of these two species, appear to have recovered. A number of important biological features, such as age, growth, mortality and the early life history of most species are still poorly understood. Key biological research needs are identified. C1 Inst Seefischerei, Bundesforschungsanstalt Fisherei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Kock, KH (reprint author), Inst Seefischerei, Bundesforschungsanstalt Fisherei, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM kock.ish@bfa-fisch.de NR 177 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 75 EP 108 DI 10.1080/10641260590953900 PG 34 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936YZ UT WOS:000229892900001 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN AF Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN TI CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2002 SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARDS; PROTON GYROMAGNETIC RATIO; ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; STRONG COULOMB FIELD; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; MUON G-2 EXPERIMENT AB This paper gives the 2002 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the subset of constants on which the complete 2002 set of recommended values is based. Two noteworthy additions in the 2002 adjustment are recommended values for the bound-state rms charge radii of the proton and deuteron and tests of the exactness of the Josephson and quantum-Hall-effect relations K-J=2e/h and R-K=h/e(2), where K-J and R-K are the Josephson and von Klitzing constants, respectively, e is the elementary charge, and h is the Planck constant. The 2002 set replaces the previously recommended 1998 CODATA set. The 2002 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 1998 adjustment as well as the data that became available between 31 December 1998, the closing date of that adjustment, and 31 December 2002, the closing date of the new adjustment. The differences between the 2002 and 1998 recommended values compared to the uncertainties of the latter are generally not unreasonable. The new CODATA set of recommended values may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov NR 488 TC 490 Z9 502 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 107 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.1 PG 107 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HF UT WOS:000229544100001 ER PT J AU Ozeri, R Katz, N Steinhauer, J Davidson, N AF Ozeri, R Katz, N Steinhauer, J Davidson, N TI Colloquium: Bulk bogoliubov excitations in a bose-einstein condensate SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; BRAGG SPECTROSCOPY; HELIUM II; GAS; SCATTERING; TRAPS; PHASE; ATOMS; ENHANCEMENT; SUPPRESSION AB Bogoliubov theory for excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates was formulated over 50 years ago to qualitatively explain strongly interacting superfluids. Quantitative experimental verification of this theory came with the long-awaited realization of gaseous, weakly interacting condensates. This Colloquium reviews recent experimental advances in the study of Bogoliubov bulk excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates, obtained using two-photon Bragg scattering. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ozeri@boulder.nist.gov NR 76 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.187 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HF UT WOS:000229544100004 ER PT B AU Jansen, W Gavrila, S Korolev, V AF Jansen, W Gavrila, S Korolev, V BE Arabnia, HR TI Proximity-based authentication for mobile devices SO SAM '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Security and Management LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Management CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE mobile devices; authentication; proximity beacons AB While mobile handheld devices provide productivity benefits, they also pose new risks. User authentication is the best safeguard against the risk of unauthorized use and access to a device's contents. This paper describes two location-based user authentication mechanisms designed to take advantage of Bluetooth functionality built into many current handheld devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jansen, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-82-3 PY 2005 BP 398 EP 404 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDZ99 UT WOS:000236385400058 ER PT S AU Fedrizzi, M de Paula, ER Langley, RB Komjathy, A Batista, IS Kantor, IJ AF Fedrizzi, M de Paula, ER Langley, RB Komjathy, A Batista, IS Kantor, IJ BE Moore, P TI Study of the March 31, 2001 magnetic storm effects on the ionosphere using GPS data SO SATELLITE DYNAMICS IN THE ERA OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SPACE GEODESY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE GPS; TEC; total electron content; ionospheric disturbance; ionospheric storm; magnetic storm ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRON-CONTENT; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; FIELDS AB Despite the fact that much has been learned about the Sun-Earth relationship during disturbed conditions, understanding the effects of magnetic storms on the neutral and ionized upper atmosphere is still one of the most challenging topics remaining in the physics of this atmospheric region. In order to investigate the magnetospheric and ionospheric-thermospheric coupling processes, many researchers are taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionosphere to compute total electron content (TEC) from global positioning system (GPS) dual-frequency data. Even though there are currently a large number of GPS receivers in continuous operation, they are unevenly distributed for ionosphere study purposes, being situated mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. The relatively smaller number of GPS receivers located in the Southern Hemisphere and, consequently, the reduced number of available TEC measurements, cause ionospheric modelling to be less accurate in this region. In the work discussed in this paper, the University of New Brunswick Ionospheric Modelling Technique (UNB-IMT) has been used to describe the local time and geomagnetic latitude dependence of the TEC during the March 31, 2001 magnetic storm with an emphasis on the effects in the Southern Hemisphere. Data collected from several GPS networks worldwide, including the Brazilian network for continuous monitoring, have been used along with ionosonde measurements to investigate the global ionospheric response to this severe storm. Data analysis revealed interesting ionospheric effects, which are shown to be dependent on the local time at the storm commencement and the magnetic conditions previous to and during the storm period. The southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field during the recovery phase of the storm began a process of substorm. activity and development and intensification of electrojet activity over broad regions. Observed effects on the ionosphere during that storm are analysed and the mechanisms that gave rise to the ionospheric behaviour are discussed. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Aeronom, BR-12245970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Geodet Res Lab, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Div Res & Dev, 325 Broadway, Broadway, CO 80305 USA. EM Mariangel.Fedrizzi@noaa.gov RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012; Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012; de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013 OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 SI 2005 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.019 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDT66 UT WOS:000235247800027 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Bright, DS AF Newbury, DE Bright, DS TI "Derived spectra" software tools for detecting spatial and spectral features in spectrum images SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE datacube; derived spectrum; microbeam analysis; scanned probe imaging; spectrum image; x-ray mapping AB A spectrum image is recorded as an x-y array of beam locations at each of which a spectrum of radiation is recorded as stimulated by the beam. The large database or "datacube" that results from a single image presents a significant challenge to the analyst to recover information efficiently, especially in the case where a true unknown is examined. This paper describes a class of "derived spectra" software tools that can aid the analyst in recognizing both common and rare features within the datacube. A derived spectrum tool creates a spectrum-like display (intensity vs. channel number) in which the intensity (e.g., x-ray counts) at a particular channel (e.g., x-ray photon energy) is calculated from all of or a subset of the pixel intensities measured for that channel. Derived spectra tools considered include the SUM, MAXIMUM PIXEL, RUNNING SUM, and RUNNING MAXIMUM. The SUM-derived spectrum is useful for recognizing common features of the datacube, while the MAXIMUM PIXEL-and RUNNING MAXIMUM-derived spectra can locate rare, unanticipated features, which may occur as infrequently as being present at a single pixel in the original datacube. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 891DN UT WOS:000226561600003 PM 15712753 ER PT J AU Quinn, TP Szanto, M Gilad, I Shai, I AF Quinn, TP Szanto, M Gilad, I Shai, I TI Coupled arc and droplet model of GMAW SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE GMAW; finite element finite volume model; magnetohydrodynamics; droplet frequency; material property approximation ID PREDICTIONS; POOL AB A model of gas metal arc welding was developed that solves the magnetohydrodynamic equations for the flow and temperature fields of the molten electrode and plasma simultaneously, to form a fully coupled model. A commercial finite-element code was extended to include the effects of radiation, Lorentz forces, Joule heating and thermo-electric effects. The model predicts the shape of the free surfaces of the molten metal as the droplets form, detach, and merge with the weld pool. It also predicts the flow, temperature, and electric field. Material properties and the welding parameters are the input variables in the model. The geometry of the numerical model was constructed to fit an experimental apparatus using an aluminium electrode and an argon shielding gas. Droplet frequency measurements were used to verify the model's predictions. For a typical arc, the temperature of the plasma can range up to 20 000 K, where there is more uncertainty in the thermophysical properties of the plasma, and the properties in this range are highly non-linear. For this range, the material properties of the model were adjusted to obtain a better fit between the numerical and the experimental results. The model and experimental results were comparable. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mech Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM quinn@boulder.nist.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1179/174329305X29492 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 917GQ UT WOS:000228445100017 ER PT S AU Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Vaudin, MD Semancik, S AF Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Vaudin, MD Semancik, S BE Seal, S Baraton, MI Parrish, C Murayama, N TI The development and evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticle films for conductometric gas sensing on MEMS microhotplate platforms SO Semiconductor Materials for Sensing SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Materials for Sensing held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, APEX Biotechnol Co, Riken Keiki Co Ltd ID THIN-FILMS; METAL-OXIDES; SOLAR-CELLS; TIN OXIDE; SENSORS; TITANIUM; DYE; POWDERS; NB; CO AB Over the past decade, MEMS microhotplate devices have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to support semiconductor metal oxide films for use in conductometric gas sensor arrays. In most cases, the materials have been based on compact thin films of SnO2 or TiO2 deposited by single-source precursor chemical vapor deposition. Of particular interest to our group is the enhancement of the sensitivity of the microsensors to trace gas species by inducing nanostructured porosity and large internal surface areas in the films. In this presentation, we discuss the development of nanostructured sensor materials based on porous TiO2 nanoparticle thin films. The preparation and evaluation of pure and Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticle films are described. The films on the MEMS microhotplate substrates are evaluated as conductometric gas sensors based on the critical performance elements of sensitivity, stability, speed and selectivity. The sensor performance, and specifically the sensitivity, of the novel nanoparticle TiO2 films is compared with that of traditional compact CVD-derived films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-776-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 828 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BCD99 UT WOS:000228800700048 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ AF Bruno, TJ TI Conditioning of flowing multiphase samples for chemical analysis SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical analysis; separator; two-phase flow ID GAS-LIQUID SEPARATOR; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HYDRIDE GENERATION; NATURAL-GAS; TUBULAR MEMBRANE; ICP-AES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BISMUTH; SPECIATION AB The chemical analysis of process streams is a common task that must be completed thousands of times every day in the chemical industry. In refineries, at gas wells, in chemical processing plants, and in fine pharmaceutical facilities, there is a continual need for the chemical analysis of products and intermediates. Less common but no less important are the many instances in which such process samples must be handled in state-of-the-art analytical chemistry labs. Unlike the typical samples presented in the analytical laboratory, process streams are seldom well behaved. Very often, process streams present multiphase samples to the analytical device. In this context, multiphase means that there is a gaseous or vapor phase plus one or more liquid phases. Because of the complexities of vapor/liquid equilibrium, a multiphase (two or more phase) mixture cannot be analyzed reliably. Sample conditioning is required before any analysis is attempted. This means that the gaseous and liquid fractions of the sample are separated into two distinct regions or streams. Moreover, the two phases must be retained in the device with complete integrity. That is, they must not be changed in any way by the separation device. In this paper, a simple approach to conditioning such multiphase samples is described. This approach permits the reliable analysis of each phase. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,MS 838-00, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1721 EP 1732 DI 10.1081/SS-200059616 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 939SR UT WOS:000230093200010 ER PT B AU Black, PE AF Black, PE BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI Software assurance metrics and tool evaluation SO SERP '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP 05) CY JUN 27-29, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP CSREA, Int Technol Inst, World Acad Sci & Informat Technol, HPCwire, GRIDtoday DE metrics; security; reference dataset; software assurance AB NIST is starting two ambitious projects to (1) develop a taxonomy of software security flaws and vulnerabilities, (2) develop a taxonomy of software assurance (SA) functions and techniques which detect those flaws, (3) perform and maintain a survey of SA tools implementing the functions, (4) develop testable specifications of SA functions and explicit tests, include a standard reference dataset, to evaluate how closely tools implement the functions, and (5) lead efforts to develop metrics for the effectiveness of those functions. The end result is that users will be able to choose a combination of techniques which best suits their needs and will be able to state how much confidence they have in software which has been assessed. This paper details these two projects and presents our justifications and expectations. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-51-3 PY 2005 BP 829 EP 835 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDY23 UT WOS:000236081000118 ER PT J AU McLean, C Riddick, F Lee, YT AF McLean, C Riddick, F Lee, YT TI An architecture and interfaces for distributed manufacturing simulation SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE manufacturing simulation; information model; HLA; XML AB This article presents an overview of a neutral reference architecture and data model for integrating distributed manufacturing simulation systems with each other, with other manufacturing software applications, and with manufacturing data repositories. Other manufacturing software applications include but are not limited to systems used to design products, specify processes, engineer manufacturing systems, and manage production. The architecture identifies the software building blocks and interfaces that will facilitate the integration of distributed simulation systems and enable the integration of those systems with other manufacturing software applications. The architecture builds on the High Level Architecture standard for simulation. The National Institute of Standards and Technology and its collaborators have created several implementations of portions of the architecture using commercial off-the-shelf simulators. These implementations demonstrated the feasibility of the architecture and highlighted the need for a neutral data model for exchanging manufacturing data between simulations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLean, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.mclean@nist.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1177/0037549705052326 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 920BI UT WOS:000228661900003 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, R GP IEEE Computer Society TI Privacy protection of enterprise information through inference analysis SO SIXTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POLICIES FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE Comp Soc TC TCDP AB Ensuring that Disclosure of Information to outside entities is in conformance with the enterprise privacy policies is of utmost concern for all enterprises dealing with consumer information. The existing protection measures proposed for meeting this goal are inadequate. In this paper we present an approach in which the privacy label taxonomy is developed to classify information types in an enterprise by their privacy labels. Inference Analysis is performed on the information types using a Disjunctive Logic Programming technique to detect violations of privacy labeling semantics in various information types. The analysis also provides the technique to deal with such violations so as to achieve a violation-free privacy labeling scheme. C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP NIST, Comp Secur Div, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM mouli@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2265-3 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1109/POLICY.2005.29 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCO85 UT WOS:000230451800005 ER PT S AU Luhmann, JG Curtis, DW Lin, RP Larson, D Schroeder, P Cummings, A Mewaldt, RA Stone, EC Davis, A von Rosenvinge, T Acuna, MH Rearnes, D Ng, C Ogilvie, K Mueller-Mellin, R Kunow, H Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, M Sauvaud, A Aoustin, C Louarn, P Dandouras, J Korth, A Bothmer, V Vasyliunas, V Sanderson, T Marsden, RG Russell, CT Gosling, JT Bougeret, JL McComas, DJ Linker, JA Riley, P Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Kecskemety, K AF Luhmann, JG Curtis, DW Lin, RP Larson, D Schroeder, P Cummings, A Mewaldt, RA Stone, EC Davis, A von Rosenvinge, T Acuna, MH Rearnes, D Ng, C Ogilvie, K Mueller-Mellin, R Kunow, H Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, M Sauvaud, A Aoustin, C Louarn, P Dandouras, J Korth, A Bothmer, V Vasyliunas, V Sanderson, T Marsden, RG Russell, CT Gosling, JT Bougeret, JL McComas, DJ Linker, JA Riley, P Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Gombosi, T DeZeeuw, D Kecskemety, K BE Harra, LK Culhane, JL Harruson, RA TI IMPACT: Science goals and firsts with STEREO SO SOLAR ENCOUNTER, SOLAR-B AND STEREO SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE STEREO; coronal mass ejections; space weather; solar activity; space missions ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; ACCELERATION; TOPOLOGY; HELIOS-1; EVENTS; MODEL; WIND AB The in situ measurements of particles and CME transients (I M PACT) investigation on the twin STEREO spacecraft focuses oil the solar energetic particle, solar wind and suprathermal electron, and magnetic field measurements needed to address STEREO's goals. IMPACT will provide regular, identical, in situ multipoint measurements bracketing Earth as each spacecraft separates from it at a rate of similar to 22 degrees/yr along Earth's orbit. Combined with the PLASTIC and SWAVES investigations, IMPACT fills a critical role in the STEREO quest to connect SECCHI's 3D coronal images to their interplanetary consequences. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. KFKI Res Inst Part & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Luhmann, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Grizzly Peak Blvd,Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgluhmann@ssl.berkeley.edu RI De Zeeuw, Darren/F-3667-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 SI 2005 BP 1534 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.033 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEC66 UT WOS:000236807600027 ER PT J AU Ansorge, IJ Speich, S Lutjeharms, JRE Goni, GJ Rautenbach, CJD Froneman, PW Rouault, M Garzoli, S AF Ansorge, IJ Speich, S Lutjeharms, JRE Goni, GJ Rautenbach, CJD Froneman, PW Rouault, M Garzoli, S TI Monitoring the oceanic flow between Africa and Antarctica: Report of the first GoodHope cruise SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ATLANTIC SECTOR; AGULHAS CURRENT; GRAZING IMPACT; FRONTS SOUTH; INDIAN RIDGE; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; THERMOCLINE AB THE SOUTHERN OCEAN PLAYS A MAJOR role in the global oceanic circulation, as a component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation, and it is postulated that it has a great influence on present-day climate. However, our understanding of its complex three-dimensional dynamics and of the impact of its variability on the climate system is rudimentary. The newly constituted, international GoodHope research venture aims to address this knowledge gap by establishing a programme of regular observations across the Southern Ocean between the African and Antarctic continents. The objectives of this programme are fivefold: (1) to improve understanding of Indo-Atlantic inter-ocean exchanges and their impact on the global thermohaline circulation and thus on global climate change; (2) to understand in more detail the influence these exchanges have on the climate variability of the southern African subcontinent; (3) to monitor the variability of the main Southern Ocean frontal systems associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; (4) to study air-sea exchanges and their role on the global heat budget, with particular emphasis on the intense exchanges occurring within the Agulhas Retroflection region south of South Africa, and (5) to examine the role of major frontal systems as areas of elevated biological activity and as biogeographical barriers to the distribution of plankton. We present here preliminary results on the physical and biological structure of the frontal systems using the first GoodHope transect that was completed during February-March 2004. C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. LPO, UBO, UFR Sci, F-29285 Brest, France. US Dept Commerce, NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Pretoria, Geog Geoinformat & Meteorol Dept, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, So Ocean Grp, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Geog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ansorge, IJ (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM ansorge@ocena.uct.ac.za RI Rouault, Mathieu/A-5022-2008; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Speich, Sabrina/L-3780-2014 OI Rouault, Mathieu/0000-0002-3207-6777; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Speich, Sabrina/0000-0002-5452-8287 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD SCIENCE SOUTH AFRICA A S S AF PI LYNWOOD RIDGE PA PO BOX 72135, LYNWOOD RIDGE 0040, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0038-2353 J9 S AFR J SCI JI S. Afr. J. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930NN UT WOS:000229423000012 ER PT J AU Loefer, JK Sedberry, GR McGovern, JC AF Loefer, JK Sedberry, GR McGovern, JC TI Vertical movements of a shortfin mako in the western North Atlantic as determined by pop-up satellite tagging SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; CHARLESTON BUMP; GULF-STREAM; SHARKS; TEMPERATURES; BEHAVIOR; DEPTH AB A self-releasing satellite "pop-up" tag was attached to an adult male shortfin mako captured off of the southeastern United States. The tag was deployed in the spring of 2002 and detached after 60 days in an area approximately 72 km from the tagging location. Archived tag data indicated a depth range of 0 to 556 m in ambient temperatures between 10.4 and 28.6 degrees C. The shortfin mako demonstrated a diel pattern of vertical movement defined by greater mean depths and larger depth ranges during daylight hours. Depth and temperature data suggested a seasonal behavioral change in vertical movements associated with an increase in sea-surface temperatures during the study period. C1 Marine Resources Res Inst, SCDNR, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. RP Loefer, JK (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, SCDNR, POB 12559, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM loeferj@mrd.dnr.state.sc.us NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0237:VMOASM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947YU UT WOS:000230684000004 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Welliver, T McHarg, MG Chun, FK Tobiska, WK Evans, D AF Knipp, DJ Welliver, T McHarg, MG Chun, FK Tobiska, WK Evans, D TI Climatology of extreme upper atmospheric heating events SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space weather; atmospheric heating; solar extreme ultraviolet heating; Joule heating; solar irradiance ID POLAR-CAP; INDEX AB We use a trio of empirical models to estimate the relative contributions of solar extreme ultraviolet heating, Joule heating and particle heating to the global energy budget of the earth's upper atmosphere. Daily power values are derived from the models for the three heat sources. The SOLAR2000 solar irradiance specification model provides estimates of the daily extreme EUV solar power input. Geomagnetic power comes from a combination of satellite-derived electron precipitation power and an empirical model of Joule power derived from hemispherically integrated estimates of high-latitude heating, which we discuss in this paper. From 1975 to mid-2002, the average daily contributions were electrons: 51 GW, Joule: 95 GW and solar: 784 GW. Joule and particle heating combine to provide more than 17% of the total global upper atmospheric heating. For the top 10% and 1% of heating events, contributions rise to similar to 20% and 25%, respectively. In the top 15 heating events, geomagnetic power contributed more than 50% of the total power budget. During three events, the Joule power alone exceeded solar power. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Fairfield Hall, CO 80840 USA. Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Suite 2A25, Fairfield Hall, CO 80840 USA. EM delores.knipp@usafa.af.mil; matthew.mcharg@usafa.af.mil; francis.chun@usafa.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; devans@sec.noaa.gov NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2506 EP 2510 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.02.019 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100047 ER PT S AU Reipa, V AF Reipa, V BE MireSluis, AR TI Infrared and Raman spectroscopy characterization of biological products SO State of the Art Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Biological Products and Assessment of Comparability SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on State of the Art Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Biological Products and Assessment of Comparability CY JUN 10-13, 2003 CL Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD HO Natl Inst Hlth ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; FT-IR; CATALYSIS AB Both infrared and Raman are increasingly applied in biomolecular structure characterization, thus gaining acceptance alongside traditional bioanalytical techniques. Physical principles and biological sampling requirements are reviewed. Advanced applications are used to illustrate vibrational spectroscopy capabilities and limitations in bioanalysis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-7998-5 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2005 VL 122 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA BDT78 UT WOS:000235276900006 PM 16375253 ER PT S AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, K BE Levner, E Linkov, I Proth, JM TI A modular strategy for recovery and management of biomass yields in large marine ecosystems SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems CY OCT 01-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP NATO Adv Study Inst ID FISHERIES; HEALTH AB During the decade since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, considerable movement has been made by international organizations engaged in ocean affairs to move nations toward adopting ecosystem-based assessment and management strategies. The 191 nations, including 82 heads of state, participating in the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg agreed to a plan of implementation (POI) that encourages nations to apply the ecosystem approach to marine resource assessment and management practices by 2010, and maintain or restore fish stocks to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield levels by 2015. To achieve these targets will require an improved understanding and assessment of the effects of physical, biological and human forcing causing changes in biomass yields of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). An international financial mechanism, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), is assisting developing countries in meeting the Summit targets by supporting LME assessment and management projects. Of the 29 LMEs for which published case study information is available for analyses of principal forces driving changes in biomass yields, fishing effort was the primary forcing mechanism in 14 LMEs; climate forcing was the principal factor in 13 LMEs, eutrophication in one case and the data were inconclusive in another. Fishing effort was a secondary driver of change in biomass yields in the LMEs driven by climate forcing. Mitigating actions for reducing fishing effort to promote recovery of lost biomass yield is proving successful in one case study. Actions for improving forecasts of oceanographic conditions affecting fish stocks are underway in four GEF supported LME projects (e.g. Humboldt Current, Canary Current, Guinea Current, Benguela Current); measures to assess and manage excessive fishing effort are planned for 8 LME projects, eutrophication reduction and control in another, and 6 LMEs with relatively stable decadal biomass yields appear suitable for mandating precautionary total allowable catch (TAC) levels. The GEF-LME projects include countries that contributed to 45% of global marine biomass yields in 1999. C1 USDOC, NOAA, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), USDOC, NOAA, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3157-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 50 BP 65 EP 80 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDE70 UT WOS:000233133900004 ER PT B AU Fritz, WP Simiu, E AF Fritz, W. P. Simiu, E. BE Soize, C Schueller, GI TI Design of structural members in tall buildings: The interaction of modern wind tunnel testing, probabilistic structural dynamics, and multidirectional wind climatology SO Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2005, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY SEP 04-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Air France, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Ctr Sci & Techn Batiment, Minist Delegue Rech, Muller BBM GmbH, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stretto Messina SpA, Univ Marne Vallee AB The lack of guidance in standards on the estimation of tall building response to wind has led to a situation where estimates for the same building by two or more consultants can differ by 40% if not more. We present a procedure for estimating response to wind that restores control of the estimation process to structural designers, and presents the estimates in a transparent manner suited to the designers' needs. The procedure is made possible by the measurement and electronic recording of simultaneous pressure time histories at hundreds of ports on the building surface of the wind tunnel model. It uses influence coefficients obtained by standard structural analysis programs, and standard structural dynamics approaches. Multidirectional extreme wind speed time series are transformed into one-dimensional time series of extreme wind effects, allowing the simple and rigorous estimation of any wind effects of interest for any specified mean recurrence interval. Unlike the High-Frequency Force Balance procedure, our procedure can account for any modal shapes and number of modes; accounts correctly for torsional modal shapes and the distribution of wind loads over the building height; and allows the designer to conform to standard requirements clearly and rigorously. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fritz, WP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-033-1 PY 2005 BP 697 EP 702 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BET51 UT WOS:000239450100108 ER PT J AU Tanuma, S Powell, CJ Penn, DR AF Tanuma, S Powell, CJ Penn, DR TI Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. VIII. Data for 15 elemental solids over the 50-2000 eV range SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE IMFP; electron inelastic mean free path; AES; XPS; TPP-2M equation; inelastic electron scattering; calculated IMFP ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; IMFPS; MODEL; AUGER; GRAPHITE; SURFACES; EQUATION AB We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 50-2000 eV electrons in 14 elemental solids (Li, Be, diamond, graphite, Na, K, Sc, Ge, In, Sn, Cs, Gd, Tb, and Dy) and for one solid (A1) using better optical data than in our previous work. The new IMFPs have also been used to test our TPP-2M equation for estimating IMFPs in these materials. We found surprisingly large root-mean-square (RMS) deviations (39.3-71.8%) between IMFPs calculated from TPP-2M and those calculated here from optical data for diamond, graphite and cesium; previously we had found an average RMS deviation of 10.2% for a group of 27 elemental solids. An analysis showed that the large deviations occurred for relatively small computed values of the parameter beta in the TPP-2M equation (beta similar to 0.01 for diamond and graphite) and also for relatively large values of beta (beta similar to 0.25 for Cs). Although such extreme values of beta are unlikely to be encountered for many other materials, the present results indicate an additional limitation in the reliability of the TPP-2M equation. We also show that the parameter N-v in the TPP-2M equation should be computed for the rare-earth elements from the number of valence electrons and the six 5p electrons. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Mat Anal Stn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Cedric.Powell@nist.gov RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 41 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1002/sia.1997 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888VW UT WOS:000226403300001 ER PT J AU Wagner, MS AF Wagner, MS TI Degradation of poly(acrylates) under SF5+ primary ion bombardment studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. 1. Effect of main chain and pendant methyl groups SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE depth profile; poly(acrylate); polymer; SF5+; ToF-SIMS ID POLYATOMIC PRIMARY IONS; RESOLUTION TOF-SIMS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMER SURFACES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); STATIC SIMS; LB-LAYERS; BEAM; EMISSION AB Polyatomic primary ions have been applied recently to the depth profiling of organic materials by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Polyatomic primary ions offer low penetration depth and high damage removal rates in some polymers, but the relationship between polymer chemistry and degradation under polyatomic primary ion bombardment has not been studied systematically. In this study, positive and negative ion time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS) was used to measure the damage of similar to100 nm thick spin-cast poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), films under extended (similar to2 X 10(14) ions cm(-2)) 5 keV SF5+ bombardment. These polymers were compared to determine the effect of the main chain and pendant methyl groups on their degradation under SF5+ bombardment. The sputter rate of PMMA was approximately twice that of PMA or PMAA and the rate of damage accumulation was higher for PMA and. PMAA than PMMA, suggesting that the main chain and pendant methyl groups played an important role in the degradation of these polymers under SF5+ bombardment. These results are consistent with the literature on the thermal and radiation-induced degradation of these polymers, which show that removal of the main chain or pendant methyl groups reduces the rate of depolymerization and increases the rate of intra- or intermolecular cross-linking. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, MS (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM wagner.ms@pg.com NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1002/sia.2006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888VW UT WOS:000226403300005 ER PT J AU Wagner, MS AF Wagner, MS TI Degradation of poly(acrylates) under SF5+ primary ion bombardment studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. 2. Poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE depth profile; poly(n-alkyl methacrylate); polymer; SF5+; ToF-SIMS ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLYMER SURFACES; COPOLYMERS; DAMAGE; FILMS; BEAM; SIMS AB Polyatomic primary ions offer low penetration depth and high damage removal rates in some polymers, facilitating their use in the molecular depth profiling of these polymers by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). This study is the second in a series of systematic characterizations of the effect of polymer chemistry on degradation under polyatomic primary ion bombardment. In this study, time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS) was used to measure the damage of similar to90 nm thick spin-cast poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), poly(n-octyl methacrylate) and poly(n-dodecyl methacrylate) films under extended (similar to2 x 10(14) ions cm(-2)) 5 keV SF5+ bombardment. The degradation of the poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) were compared to determine the effect of the length of the alkyl pendant group on their degradation under SF5+ bombardment. The sputter rate and stability of the characteristic secondary ion intensities of these polymers decreased linearly with alkyl pendant group length, suggesting that lengthening the n-alkyl pendant group resulted in increased loss of the alkyl pendant groups and intra- or intermolecular cross-linking under SF5+ bombardment. These results are partially at variance with the literature on the thermal degradation of these polymers, which suggested that these polymers degrade primarily via depolymerization with minimal intra- or intermolecular cross-linking. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, MS (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM wagner.ms@pg.com NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/sia.2007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888VW UT WOS:000226403300006 ER PT J AU Wagner, MS AF Wagner, MS TI Degradation of poly(acrylates) under SF5+ primary ion bombardment studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. 3. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with chemical derivatization SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE depth profile; poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate); polymer; SF5+; ToF-SIMS ID POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE); THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLYMER SURFACES; 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); BEAM; FILMS; SIMS; IRRADIATION; RADIATION AB Molecular depth profiling of polymers by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has focused on the use of polyatomic primary ions due to their low penetration depth and high damage removal rates in some polymers. This study is the third in a series of systematic characterizations of the effect of polymer chemistry on degradation under polyatomic primary ion bombardment. In this study, time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS) was used to assess 5 keV SF5+-induced damage of similar to90 nm thick spin-cast poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and similar to130 nm thick trifluoroacetic anhydride-derivatized PHEMA (TFAA-PHEMA) films. The degradation of these polymers under extended SF5+ bombardment (similar to2 x 10(14) ions cm(-2)) was compared to determine the effect of the pendant group chemistry on their degradation. The sputter rate and ion-induced damage accumulation rate of PHEMA were similar to a poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) of similar pendant group length, suggesting that the addition of a terminal hydroxyl group to the alkyl pendant group does not markedly change the stability of poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) under SF5+ bombardment. The sputter rate and ion-induced damage accumulation rate of TFAA-PHEMA were much higher than a poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) of similar pendant group length, suggesting that derivatization of the terminal hydroxyl group can significantly reduce degradation of the polymer under SF5+ bombardment. This result is in good agreement with the literature on the thermal and radiation-induced degradation of fluorinated poly(alkyl methacrylates), which suggests that the electron-withdrawing fluorinated pendant group increases the probability of depolymerization. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Suface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, MS (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM wagner.ms@pg.com NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1002/sia.2008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888VW UT WOS:000226403300007 ER PT S AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI The Large Marine Ecosystem Approach for Assessment and Management of Ocean Coastal Waters SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISHERIES; HEALTH C1 USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100002 ER PT S AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI Large Marine Ecosystems - Volume 13 Introduction SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100001 ER PT S AU Baird, R AF Baird, R. BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI The Human Dimension in Ecosystem Management: Institutional Performance and The Sea Grant Paradigm SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB Sustainability has become the focus and organizing principle for the reconciliation of economics and the environment. The concept has led to the emergence of holistic or ecosystem-based management approaches where maintenance of the environment and associated ecosystems in acceptable condition indefinitely is the goal. Application in management contexts, however, remains an immense challenge. Globally, environments continue to degrade, especially in third world countries. While the scientific basis for such management approaches remains an issue, many of the impediments to acceptable performance in governance lie in the human dimensions. Performance is a function of institutional capacity, the complex of people, infrastructure, education, resources and legal framework that determines societal response to environmental decisions. The Sea Grant Paradigm, whereby universities partner with federal governments to create centers that conduct programs of research, education and outreach on management critical problems, holds great promise as an institution for building long-term global capacity to manage marine environments. The paradigm is particularly powerful in developing the human dimensions so critical to good marine governance. Sea Grant is culturally and administratively adaptable to both developed and developing countries. Nine specific human dimension elements inherent in the Sea Grant model are described in the context of holistic management of large marine ecosystems. C1 NOAA, Sea Grant OAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Baird, R (reprint author), NOAA, Sea Grant OAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100003 ER PT S AU Sutinen, JG Clay, P Dyer, CL Edwards, SF Gates, J Grigalunas, TA Hennessey, T Juda, L Kitts, AW Logan, PN Poggie, JJ Rountree, BP Steinback, SR Thunberg, EM Upton, HF Walden, JB AF Sutinen, Jon G. Clay, Patricia Dyer, Christopher L. Edwards, Steven F. Gates, John Grigalunas, Tom A. Hennessey, Timothy Juda, Lawrence Kitts, Andrew W. Logan, Philip N. Poggie, John J., Jr. Rountree, Barbara Pollard Steinback, Scott R. Thunberg, Eric M. Upton, Harold F. Walden, John B. BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI A Framework for Monitoring and Assessing Socioeconomics and Governance of Large Marine Ecosystems SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; OIL-SPILL; RESOURCE; LIABILITY; FISHERY; ISSUES; POLICY C1 [Sutinen, Jon G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Clay, Patricia] NOAA, NMFS, EASC, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dyer, Christopher L.] Sch Field Studies, Salem, MA USA. [Edwards, Steven F.] USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. [Gates, John; Grigalunas, Tom A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Poggie, John J., Jr.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rountree, Barbara Pollard] USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Thunberg, Eric M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Social Sci Branch,Wood Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Upton, Harold F.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR USA. RP Sutinen, JG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 122 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 27 EP 81 PG 55 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100004 ER PT S AU Edwards, SF AF Edwards, Steven F. BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI Ownership of Multi-Attribute Fishery Resources in Large Marine Ecosystems SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; ECONOMIC-THEORY; COMMON-PROPERTY; COST; WEST; WEBS AB LMEs encompass many living and non-renewable resources, each having multiple physical or relational attributes. For example, fish stocks can be differentiated by species, age structure, growth rates, distribution, gene pool, diet, and habitat. Each resource attribute is potentially valuable, but attributes are also costly to manage. Property rights arrangements that bundle fishery resource attributes are recommended. Bundled property rights could evolve from a comprehensive assignment of usufruct rights in fisheries, such as IFQs (individual fishing quotas) or harvest cooperatives, which reduce the transaction costs of gathering information on unspecified stock attributes and of internalizing interactions due to ecology (e.g., predation), unspecialized fishing technologies (e.g., by catch in mixed-species fisheries), and impacts of fishing gear on habitat and non-commercial species. C1 USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Edwards, SF (reprint author), USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 137 EP 154 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100007 ER PT S AU Hoagland, P Jin, D Thunberg, E Steinback, S AF Hoagland, P. Jin, D. Thunberg, E. Steinback, S. BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI Economic Activity Associated with the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem: Application of an Input-Output Approach SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES-ECONOMY; OCEAN SECTOR; FISHERIES; VALUATION; MODELS AB The industries linked to the uses of a large marine ecosystem (LME) have a substantial influence on contiguous coastal economies. We estimate the economic activity of U. S. marine sectors associated with the Northeast Shelf LME. Our best upper bound estimate of total output impact is $339 billion, including a total "value-added" impact of $209 billion. Total employment impacts are estimated on the order of 3.6 million persons. The estimate of total value-added impact is approximately 10% of the $2.2 trillion total gross state product for the region. In the future, critical interactions between industrial sectors and the ecological health of the Northeast Shelf will affect economic activity in opposing ways. C1 [Hoagland, P.; Jin, D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thunberg, E.; Steinback, S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Social Sci Branch,Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hoagland, P (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 157 EP 179 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100008 ER PT S AU Cho, JH Gates, JM Logan, P Kitts, A Soboil, M AF Cho, Jung Hee Gates, John M. Logan, Phil Kitts, Andrew Soboil, Mark BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI The Economic Values of Atlantic Herring in the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; ABUNDANCE; MAINE; GULF; WHALES; PREY AB In this chapter we develop a method to estimate the value of an ecosystem reserve for Atlantic herring in the U.S. Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Herring and other small pelagic species are important forage for other fish and marine mammals in the ecosystem. A reduction in the commercial total allowable catch (TAC) would create an 'Ecosystem Reserve' (ER) for herring, which may increase the residual stock of herring that would be available to other species in the ecosystem. An increase in ER (i.e. a reduction in TAC) may imply reduced benefits of commercial harvest; and, as an offset, we may realize added benefits for the ecosystem from the ER. Conversely, an increase in TAC may result in increased commercial benefits at the expense of reduced ecosystem benefits. The approximate magnitudes of these two changes-added and reduced benefits-are the focus of this chapter. C1 [Cho, Jung Hee] Korea Maritime Inst, Fisheries Econ Res Div, Seoul, South Korea. [Gates, John M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Logan, Phil; Kitts, Andrew] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Soboil, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Cho, JH (reprint author), Korea Maritime Inst, Fisheries Econ Res Div, Seoul, South Korea. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 215 EP 228 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100011 ER PT S AU Gable, FJ AF Gable, F. J. BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI Emergence of a Science Policy-Based Approach to Ecosystem-Oriented Management of Large Marine Ecosystems SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; GROUNDFISH FISHERIES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN GOVERNANCE; COASTAL; SUSTAINABILITY; PERSPECTIVE AB This article addresses interdisciplinary sustainable aspects of fisheries as linkages for the adaptive management of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). Natural and human-induced impacts on living marine resources are considered. Management and the ecological aspects of fish stock populations in the United States Northeast Continental Shelf ecosystem are examined for prospective and emerging "best practices" from a synthesis of the scientific literature. With the passage of the Oceans Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-256; e.g. Watkins 2002) in the United States, this article seeks to enhance the fostering of sustainability through natural and social science by forging linkages between the best available science practice and the "precautionary approach" that includes ecosystem considerations of fish stocks as component parts of a representative model LME. C1 NRC, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Gable, FJ (reprint author), NRC, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 273 EP 295 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100014 ER PT S AU Duda, A Sherman, K AF Duda, Alfred Sherman, Kenneth BE Hennessey, TM Sutinen, JG TI Applications of the Large Marine Ecosystem Approach Toward World Summit Targets SO SUSTAINING LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: THE HUMAN DIMENSION SE Large Marine Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; HEALTH; INPUTS; WATER C1 [Duda, Alfred] GEF, Washington, DC USA. [Sherman, Kenneth] USDOC, NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Duda, A (reprint author), GEF, Washington, DC USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0461 BN 978-0-08-045970-7; 978-0-44-451026-6 J9 LAR MAR ECOSYST PY 2005 VL 13 BP 297 EP 317 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCS86 UT WOS:000311300100015 ER PT S AU Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z AF Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z BE WongNg, W Goyal, A Guo, R Bhalla, AS TI Incongruent vaporization of AgNbO3 SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PEROVSKITE-BASED MATERIALS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHASES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SODIUM NIOBATE; CERAMICS; PERMITTIVITY; TRANSITIONS; NANBO3 AB The high-temperature behavior of AgNbO3 is an important aspect of its processing for applications as a dielectric material. We have studied the AgNbO3 decomposition reaction by simultaneous differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA) at p(total) = 0.1 MPa, and by vacuum thermogravimetry at p(total) = 2.7 mPa. The DTA/TGA results indicate a decomposition temperature of approximate to 860 degrees C at PO2 = 0.1 kPa. From x-ray analysis of the products of vacuum thermogravimetry experiments over the range 650 degrees C to 800 degrees C, we conclude that the decomposition reaction is: 52 AgNbO3(S) -> 2 Ag8Nb26O69(s) + 36 Ag(s) + 9 O-2(g). The incongruent vaporization of AgNbO3 must be taken into account for applications in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) materials, typically processed at 800 degrees C to 900 degrees C, if low oxygen pressures are employed during processing. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-190-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 169 BP 195 EP 206 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBR78 UT WOS:000227471800019 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, TN Sanjay, J Kumar, TSVV O'Shay, AJ AF Krishnamurti, TN Sanjay, J Kumar, TSVV O'Shay, AJ TI On the weakening of Hurricane Lili, October 2002 SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL INITIALIZATION; MODEL; FORECAST; PREDICTION AB This paper addresses the weakening of Hurricane Lili of October 2002 just before it made landfall in Louisiana. This hurricane weakened from a category 4 storm on October 3, 2002 at 0000 UTC to a category 1 storm on October 3, 2002 at 1300 UTC. This sudden drop in intensity has been a subject of considerable interest. In this paper we explore a forecast model diagnostic approach that explores the contribution to the hurricane intensity changes arising from a number of dynamical and physical possibilities. Running several versions of a global model at very high resolution, the relative contribution to the intensity drop of Lili arising from cooler sea surface temperatures, dry air advection into the storm, advective non-linear dynamics, non-advective dynamics, and shallow and deep cumulus convection was examined. This line of inquiry led to the conclusion that dry air advection from the north into the storm and the slightly cold sea surface temperatures were not the primary contribution to the observed pressure rise by 22 hPa. The primary contribution to the pressure rise was found to be the 'rest of dynamics' (the non-advective dynamics). The shallow convection contributed slightly to an overall cooling, i.e. a weakening of the warm core of Lili. The effects of deep cumulus convection appeared to be opposite, i.e. towards maintaining a strong storm. A primary term in the 'rest of dynamics', the advection of Earth's angular momentum into the storm, is identified as a major contributor for the intensity change in the analysis. This feature resembles an intrusion of dry air into the core of the storm. This intrusion contributes to a reduction of spin and an overall rapid weakening of the hurricane. The angular momentum partitioning appears quite revealing on the sudden demise of Lili. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NOAA, Trop Predict Ctr, Natl Hurricane Ctr, NWS, Miami, FL 33165 USA. Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RP Krishnamurti, TN (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM tnk@io.met.fsu.edu RI Tallapragada, Vijaya Kumar/A-2421-2008 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 65 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2005.00084.x PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 888MH UT WOS:000226377900007 ER PT S AU Gerecht, E Gu, DZ Yngvesson, S Rodriguez-Morales, F Zannoni, R Nicholson, J AF Gerecht, E Gu, DZ Yngvesson, S Rodriguez-Morales, F Zannoni, R Nicholson, J BE Hwu, RJ Woolard, DL Rosker, MJ TI HEB heterodyne focal plane arrays: a terahertz technology for high sensitivity near-range security imaging systems SO Terahertz for Military and Security Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications III CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE terahertz frequencies; heterodyne detectors; superconducting devices; hot electron bolometers; focal plane arrays; terahertz imaging ID MILLIMETER-WAVE AB We have achieved the first demonstration of a low-noise heterodyne array operating at a frequency above 1 THz (1.6 THz). The prototype array has three elements, consisting of NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) detectors on silicon substrates. We use a quasi-optical design to couple the signal and local oscillator (LO) power to the detector. We also demonstrate, for the first time, how the HEB detectors can be intimately integrated in the same block with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) IF amplifiers. Such focal plane arrays can be increased in size to a few hundred elements using the next generation fabrication architecture for compact and easy assembly. Future HEB-based focal plane arrays will make low-noise heterodyne imaging systems with high angular resolution possible from 500 GHz to several terahertz. Large low-noise HEB arrays are well suited for real-time video imaging at any frequency over the entire terahertz spectrum. This is made possible by virtue of the extremely low local oscillator power requirements of the HEB detectors (a few hundred nanowatts to a microwatt per pixel). The operating temperature is 4 to 6 K, which can be provided by a compact and mobile cryocooler system, developed as a spin-off from the space program. The terahertz HEB imager consists of a computer-controlled optical system mounted on an elevation and azimuth scanning translator which provides a two-dimensional linage of the target. We present preliminary measured data at the symposium for a terahertz security system of this type. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5775-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5790 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.603969 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCR77 UT WOS:000230960500017 ER PT S AU Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Jones, AT AF Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Jones, AT BE Khendek, F Dssouli, R TI Content-level conformance testing: An information mapping case study SO TESTING OF COMMUNICATING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Testing of Communicating Systems CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IFIP TC6 Working Grp 6 1 AB Content-level conformance testing is a key to achieving interoperable data exchange among applications deployed across collaborating, yet independent enterprises. In this paper, we identify four types of content-level conformance tests to support interoperable data exchange: document-verification tests, information-mapping tests, transaction-behavior tests, and scenario-based tests. We describe in substantial detail our experience with information-mapping tests within an industrial B2B integration effort. We review different approaches to information-mapping conformance verification including logical consistency checking, human-computer interaction, and event-based checking. We adopt the F human-computer interaction approach and describe a test-case generation methodology. The methodology details modeling, test requirements specification, abstract test-case definition, and, ultimately, executable test-case generation. Lastly, we provide experimental results of applying our methodology in the context of an automotive industry development of data exchange standard for interoperable inventory visibility applications. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serm@nist.gov; nivezic@nist.gov; jonesa@nist.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26054-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3502 BP 349 EP 364 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM86 UT WOS:000230063500024 ER PT S AU Zarr, RR Filliben, JJ AF Zarr, R. R. Filliben, J. J. BE Dinwiddie, RB Mannello, R TI Collaborative thermal conductivity measurements of fibrous glass and expanded polystyrene reference materials SO Thermal Conductivity 26: Thermal Expansion 14 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/14th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL Cambridge, MA SP Holometrix Micromet AB Thermal conductivity measurements of four thermal insulation reference materials are presented The measurements were obtained from an international collaborative test program of guarded-hot-plate laboratories from Canada, France, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States. For each reference material, the collaboration required five independent replicate measurements taken at a fixed temperature of 297.15 K; and single-point measurements taken at multiple temperatures from 280 K to 320 K An important finding from the replicate analysis is the existence of a laboratory-material interaction, that is, there are laboratory-to-laboratory differences in both average value and in variation, which change from material to material. The major underlying source for the variability (both within- and between-laboratory) in the replicate data is discussed The analysis of the multi-temperature (280 K to 320 K) data supports the laboratory-material interaction as exhibited in the fired-temperature replicate data The multi-temperature analysis also reveals an increasing difference between laboratories as the temperature departs from 297.15 K. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-36-7 J9 THERM COND PY 2005 VL 26 BP 452 EP 467 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFS98 UT WOS:000244464900041 ER PT S AU Whitenton, E Ivester, R Yoon, H AF Whitenton, E Ivester, R Yoon, H BE Peacock, GR Burleigh, DD Miles, JJ TI Simultaneous visible and thermal imaging of metals during machining SO Thermosense XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXVII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE metal cutting; high-speed video; thermal spectrum video; data synchronization; image processing; motion blur AB In order to investigate temperatures reached during orthogonal metal cutting, a novel approach for measuring temperatures at the tool-chip interface has been developed based on high-speed thermography. A thermal infrared camera and a visible camera combined through a dichroic beam splitter form the basis for a synchronized visible and infrared imaging system. Pairing the infrared camera with a higher speed visible camera allows for assessment of thermal images with aberrant chip flow or an obstructed view of the tool/chip interface. This feature facilitates the use of the apparatus in machining environments where machining chips or other debris fly about. The measurement setup also includes a force dynamometer, custom timing circuitry, and a high-speed digital oscilloscope to enable timing of frames together with force measurements so that analsis of the infrared images can be compared against the energy levels measured through the cutting forces. The resulting infrared images were converted to radiance temperatures through comparison to a NIST calibrated blackbody. Emissivity was measured by thermally imaging the machining chips heated to known temperatures. Machining experiments were performed at various cutting speeds and at two different infrared wavelengths. Analysis of these experiments gives insight into the relationships between emissivity, temperature, surface condition, infrared wavelength and motion blur. The analysis shows that using the visible, thermal and force data together is a significant improvement over any of these alone. These insights lead to practical guidance for use of infrared imaging systems to image rapidly moving objects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Whitenton, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5767-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5782 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.605487 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCL44 UT WOS:000229855200008 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Keller, RR Read, DT Cheng, YW AF Geiss, RH Keller, RR Read, DT Cheng, YW BE Buchheit, TE Minor, AM Spolenak, R Takashima, K TI TEM-based analysis of defects induced by AC thermomechanical versus microtensile deformation in aluminum thin films SO Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties XI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Thin Film - Stresses and Mechanical Properties held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS AB Thin films of sputtered aluminum were deformed by two different experimental techniques. One experiment comprised passing high electrical AC current density through patterned Al interconnect lines deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The other consisted of uniaxial mechanical tensile deformation of a I pm thick by 5 mu m wide free standing Al line. In the electrical tests approximately 2 x 107 W/cm(2) was dissipated at 200 Hz resulting in cyclic Joule heating, which developed a total thermomechanical strain of about 0.3 % per cycle. The tension test showed a gauge length fracture strain of only 0.5 % but did display ductile chisel point fracture. In both experiments, certain grains exhibited large, > 30 degrees, rotation away from an initial < 111 > normal orientation toward < 001 >, based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of specimens from both experiments showed an unusually high density of prismatic dislocation loops. In the mechanically-tested samples, a high density of loops was seen in the chisel point fracture zone. In cross sections of highly deformed regions of the electrical test specimens, very high densities, > 10(15)/cm(3), of small. < 10 nm diameter, prismatic loops were observed. In both cases the presence of a high density of prismatic loops shows that a very high density of vacancies was created in the deformation. On the other hand, in both cases the density of dislocations in the deformed areas was relatively low. These results suggest very high incidence of intersecting dislocations creating jogs and subsequently vacancies before exiting the sample. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-829-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 875 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDL65 UT WOS:000234139400042 ER PT J AU Radwan, FFY Roman, LG Baksi, K Burnett, JW AF Radwan, FFY Roman, LG Baksi, K Burnett, JW TI Toxicity and mAChRs binding activity of Cassiopea xamachana venom from Puerto Rican coasts SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE jellyfish; Cassiopea xamachana; venom; Puerto Rico; sting; marine toxins; nematocyst; phospholipase; muscarinic activity ID JELLYFISH CHIRONEX-FLECKERI; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; IRUKANDJI-SYNDROME; NEMATOCYST VENOM; CARDIAC-FAILURE; TOXIN; POLYPEPTIDES; BEACHSIDE; MECHANISM; HEMOLYSIN AB A separation of toxic components from the upside down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana (Cx) was carried out to study their cytotoxic effects and examine whether these effects are combined with a binding activity to cell membrane receptors. Nematocysts containing toxins were isolated from the autolysed tentacles, ruptured by sonication, and the crude venom (CxTX) was separated from the pellets by ultracentrifugation. For identifying its bioactive components, CxTX was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography into six fractions (named fraction I-VI). The toxicity of CxTX and fractions was tested on mice; however, the hemolytic activity was tested on saline washed human erythrocytes. The LD50 of CxTX was 0.75 mug/g of mouse body and for fraction III, IV and VI were 0.28, 0.25 and 0.12 mug/g, respectively. Fractions I, II and V were not lethal at doses equivalent to LD50 I mug/g. The hemolytic and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities of most fractions were well correlated with their mice toxicity. However, fraction VI, which contains the low molecular mass protein components (less than or equal to10 kDa), has shown no PLA(2) activity but highest toxicity to mice, highest hemolytic activity, and bound significantly to the acetylcholine muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) isolated from rat brain. The results suggested that fraction VI contains proteinaceous components contributing to most of cytolysis as well as membrane binding events. Meanwhile, fraction IV has shown high PLA(2) that may contribute to the venom lethality and paralytic effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 S Valley Univ, Fac Sci, Sohag 82524, Egypt. Univ Cent Caribe, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bayamon, PR 00960 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Radwan, FFY (reprint author), NOAA, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM faisal.radwan@noaa.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM50695] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.10.002 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 889JC UT WOS:000226438300013 PM 15581689 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Seeb, JE Schwenke, P Seeb, LW AF Smith, CT Seeb, JE Schwenke, P Seeb, LW TI Use of the 5 '-nuclease reaction for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in Chinook salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SNPS; TSCHAWYTSCHA; DIVERSITY; MIGRATION AB Migratory and stock composition studies of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha require genetic markers by which a large number of individuals can be processed in a relatively short time. Given the multijurisdictional geographic range of this species, it is further desirable that genetic markers and the corresponding data be transportable across laboratories. We developed 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays in Chinook salmon based on the 5'- nuclease reaction. Using these assays, a single technician with two thermal cyclers can generate thousands of genotypes per day. The genotyping assays described here are easy to standardize across laboratories, and the resulting genotype data are readily combined with those collected by means of any other sequence detection platform. The rapid rate at which genotyping may be done using these markers and the fact that SNP data are standardized across laboratories and platforms much more readily than are data from other genetic marker classes suggest that SNPs will become an increasingly important tool for mixture studies of Chinook salmon and other salmonids. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Div Commercial Fisheries, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM christian_smith@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1577/T04-019.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 899PG UT WOS:000227156200018 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Croley, TE Szalai, EB Bence, JR AF Madenjian, CP Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Croley, TE Szalai, EB Bence, JR TI Recruitment variability of alewives in Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FOOD-WEB; ONTARIO; GROWTH; FISH; PREDATION; FISHERIES AB We used a long-term series of observations on alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance that was based on fall bottom-trawl catches to assess the importance of various abiotic and biotic factors on alewife recruitment in Lake Michigan during 1962-2002. We first fit a basic Ricker spawner-recruit model to the lakewide biomass estimates of age-3 recruits and the corresponding spawning stock size; we then fit models for all possible combinations of the following four external variables added to the basic model: an index of salmonine predation on an alewife year-class. an index for the spring-summer water temperatures experienced by alewives during their first year in the lake, an index of the severity of the first winter experienced by alewives in the lake, and an index of lake productivity during an alewife year-class's second year in the lake. Based on an information criterion, the best model for alewife recruitment included indices of salmonine predation and spring-summer water temperatures as external variables. Our analysis corroborated the contention that a decline in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s in Lake Michigan was driven by salmonine predation. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the extraordinarily warm water temperatures during the spring and summer of 1998 probably led to a moderately high recruitment of age-3 alewives in 2001, despite abundant salmonines. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM chuck_madenjian@usgs.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 47 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1577/FT03-222.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 899PG UT WOS:000227156200019 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Matala, AP Peterson, EL Gray, AK Li, ZZ Heifetz, J AF Gharrett, AJ Matala, AP Peterson, EL Gray, AK Li, ZZ Heifetz, J TI Two genetically distinct forms of rougheye rockfish are different species SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; SEBASTES-BOREALIS; RESTRICTION DATA; SCORPAENIDAE; EVOLUTION; INTROGRESSION; TELEOSTEI AB The variation in mitochondrial, DNA (mtDNA) and at eight microsatellite loci was analyzed in 700 rougheye rockfish Sebastes aleatiantes sampled along the Pacific Rim. from the Oregon coast to the western Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. The program STRUCTURE was used to analyze the microsatellite genotypes and determine that the samples probably came from two genetically distinct sources (type I and type II) by minimizing the strong Hardy-Weinberg and gametic disequilibria observed in the total sample. The two types had nearly fixed differences at one microsatellite locus (muSma6 6 ), which corresponded to divergent mtDNA haplotype clusters. We conclude that these two types are distinct species. The ranges of the two types overlapped but were not coincident: in some areas, one or the other predominated. For example, most of the Aleutian Island samples were type I fish. Although both types were caught in the same hauls in some regions, often one or the other species was predominant in a haul. The differences in distributions suggest a historic vicariant or ecological basis for their divergence. No phenotypic characteristics have been confirmed that can be used to distinguish the two species visually. Rougheye rockfish have high commercial value and their incidental catch has the potential to greatly affect larger fisheries. The discovery of cryptic speciation in a commercially important species underscores our need to learn more about the distribution and biology of these and other groundfish species. C1 Univ Alaska, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ffajg@uaf.edu NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1 BP 242 EP 260 DI 10.1577/T04-055.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 899PG UT WOS:000227156200021 ER PT B AU Ivester, RW Whitenton, E Deshayes, L AF Ivester, RW Whitenton, E Deshayes, L GP SME TI Comparison of measurements and simulations for machining of aluminum SO Transactions of the North American Manufacturing Research Institution of SME 2005, Vol 33, 2005 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING RESEARCH INSTITUTION OF SME LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd North American Manufacturing Research Conference (NAMRC) CY MAY 24-27, 2005 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY SP N Amer Mfg Res Inst HO Columbia Univ DE machining; temperature; force; aluminum; simulation ID MODELS; TOOL AB This paper compares experimental measurements and model-based simulations of cutting temperature, force, and chip thickness for machining of aluminum. Cutting temperatures were measured using high-speed infrared videography, and forces were measured using a 3-axis dynamometer. Results reported here are for machining 7075-T651 aluminum at cutting speeds from 100 m/min to 276 m/min. This paper focuses on comparing finite-element modeling simulations to the experimental data and discussing limitations of experimental measurements and simulations in capturing process behavior. The differences between measurement and simulation are discussed in the context of the limitations of simulation fidelity and measurement capability. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ivester, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DR, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48128 USA BN 0-87263-777-8 J9 TRANS N AMER MANUFAC PY 2005 VL 33 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BDM95 UT WOS:000234379100055 ER PT B AU Stoudt, MR Hubbard, JB Janet, SA Liu, J AF Stoudt, MR Hubbard, JB Janet, SA Liu, J BE Bieler, TR Carsley, JE Fraser, HL Sears, JW Smurgeresky, JE TI Evaluation of deformation-induced surface morphologies generated in an aluminum alloy sheet SO TRENDS IN MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES AND POWDER METALLURGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Global Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Proc & Mfg Div, TMS DE deformation-induced surface roughness; surface statistics; confocal microscopy AB A measurement protocol was developed that directly acquires surface topography data from the information stored in a grayscale image. The amplitude and spatial distributions of the features present on the surface of a plastically strained 6xxx series aluminum alloy were assessed to evaluate the capabilities of the protocol. The results demonstrate that there is sufficient measurement sensitivity within this technique for it to serve as a platform to develop more statistically reliable surface roughness characterization methods. C1 NIST, Mat Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-591-3 PY 2005 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX47 UT WOS:000228248100013 ER PT S AU Fortier, TM Roos, PA Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Bhat, RDR Sipe, JE AF Fortier, TM Roos, PA Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Bhat, RDR Sipe, JE BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Carrier-envelope phase controlled quantum interference in a semiconductor SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID GENERATION; GAAS AB We demonstrate quantum interference of injected photocurrents in a semiconductor using a phase stabilized modelocked Ti:sapphire laser. Using this technique we detect the laser offset frequency with a 40 dB signal to noise ratio in a 10 Hz resolution bandwidth. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300088 ER PT S AU Holman, KW Jones, DJ Jones, RJ Ye, J AF Holman, KW Jones, DJ Jones, RJ Ye, J BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Frequency transfer of optical standards through a fiber network using 1550-nm mode-locked sources SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer AB A 1.5-mu m mode-locked laser source phase locked to an optical atomic. clock is used to transfer precise optical / radio frequency signals over a fiber network with ultrahigh stability. Active stabilization of the transfer medium is demonstrated as well. C1 JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holman, KW (reprint author), JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 834 EP 836 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300254 ER PT S AU Bartels, A Diddams, SA Oates, CW Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L AF Bartels, A Diddams, SA Oates, CW Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Femtosecond laser frequency combs with linewidths at the 1-Hz level SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; OSCILLATOR; STABILIZATION AB Femtosecond laser frequency combs (FLFCs) can be phase-locked with sub-Hertz linewidth and a coherence time of 5 s relative to a low-noise reference laser. Thus we are able to detect high contrast spectral interferograms at up to 10 s integration time between two FLFCs sharing a common optical reference. We also establish an upper limit of 4 Hz on the absolute linewidth of the FLFC components. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bartels, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 840 EP 842 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300256 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C Messina, E AF Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C Messina, E BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Hierarchical control and performance evaluation of multi-vehicle autonomous systems SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE performance evaluation; architecture; robot; multi-agent; simulation; hierarchical AB This paper will describe how the Mobility Open Architecture Tools and Simulation (MOAST) framework can facilitate performance evaluations of RCS compliant multi-vehicle autonomous systems. This framework provides all environment that allows for simulated and real architectural components to function seamlessly together. By providing repeatable environmental conditions, this framework allows for the development of individual components as well as component performance metrics. MOAST is composed of high-fidelity and low-fidelity simulation systems, a detailed model of real-world terrain, actual hardware components, a central knowledge repository, and architectural glue to tie all of the components together. This paper will describe the framework's components in detail and provide an example that illustrates how the framework can be utilized to develop and evaluate a single architectural component through the use of repeatable trials and experimentation that includes both virtual and real components functioning together. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.603772 PG 10 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500002 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R AF Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Experiments toward non-contact safety standards for automated industrial vehicles SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE 3D range camera; real-time; safety standard; ground truth; obstacle segmentation; automated guided vehicle AB The performance evaluation of an obstacle detection and segmentation algorithm for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) navigation in factory-like environments using a new 3D real-time range camera is the subject of this paper. Our approach expands on the US ASME B56.5 Safety Standard, which now allows for non-contact safety sensors, by performing tests on objects specifically sized in both the US and the British Safety Standards. These successful tests placed the recommended, as well as smaller, material-covered and sized objects on the vehicle path for static measurement. The segmented (mapped) obstacles were then verified in range to the objects and object size using simultaneous, absolute measurements obtained using a relatively accurate 2D scanning laser rangefinder. These 3D range cameras are expected to be relatively inexpensive and used indoors and possibly used outdoors for a vast amount of mobile robot applications building on experimental results explained in this paper. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.602334 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500004 ER PT S AU Schlenoff, C Washington, R Barbera, T Manteuffel, C AF Schlenoff, C Washington, R Barbera, T Manteuffel, C BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI A standard intelligent system ontology SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE intelligent vehicle; ontology; OWL-S; army; Protege AB The level of automation in combat vehicles being developed for the Army's objective force is greatly increased over the Army's legacy force. This automation is taking many forms in emerging vehicles; varying from operator decision aides to fully autonomous unmanned systems. The development of these intelligent vehicles requires a thorough understanding of all of the intelligent behavior that needs to be exhibited by the system so that designers can allocate functionality to humans and/or machines. Traditional system specification techniques focused heavily on the functional description of the major systems and implicitly assumed that a well-trained crew would operate these systems in a manner to accomplish the tactical mission assigned to the vehicle. In order to allocate some or all of these intelligent behaviors to machines in future vehicles it is necessary to be able to identify and describe these intelligent behaviors in detail. In this paper, we describe an effort to develop an intelligent systems (IS) ontology using Protege. The goal of this effort is to develop a common, implementation-independent, extendable knowledge source for researchers and developers in the intelligent vehicle community that will: Provide a standard set of domain concepts along with their attributes and inter-relations Allow for knowledge capture and reuse Facilitate systems specification, design, and integration, and Accelerate research in the field. This paper describes the methodology we have used to identify knowledge in this domain and an approach to capture and visualize the knowledge in the ontology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.602425 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500005 ER PT S AU Albus, J Barbera, A Scott, H Balakirsky, S AF Albus, J Barbera, A Scott, H Balakirsky, S BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Collaborative tactical behaviors for autonomous ground and air vehicles SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE tactical behavior; 4D/RCS; task decomposition; autonomy; unmanned vehicles; intelligent systems AB Tactical behaviors for autonomous around and air vehicles are an area of high interest to the Army. They are critical for the inclusion of robots in the Future Combat System (FCS). Tactical behaviors can be defined at multiple levels: at the Company, Platoon, Section. and Vehicle echelons. They are currently being defined by the Army for the FCS Unit of Action. At all of these echelons, unmanned around vehicles. unmanned air vehicles, and unattended ground sensors must collaborate with each other and with manned systems. Research being conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and sponsored by the Army Research Lab is focused on defining the Four Dimensional Real-time Controls System (4D/RCS) reference model architecture for intelligent systems and developing a software engineering, methodology for system design. integration. test and evaluation. This methodology generates detailed design requirements for perception. knowledge representation, decision making, and behavior generation processes that enable complex military tactics to be planned and executed by unmanned ground and air vehicles working in collaboration with manned systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Albus, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.604198 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500025 ER PT S AU Huang, HM Pavek, K Albus, J Messina, E AF Huang, HM Pavek, K Albus, J Messina, E BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Autonomy levels for unmanned systems (ALFUS) framework: An update SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE autonomy; environmental difficulty; human-robot interaction; metrics; mission complexity; robot; task; unmanned systems AB The initial construct of the framework for the Autonomy Levels of Unmanned Systems (ALFUS) was presented in the 2004 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium. This paper describes the continuing development effort and further accomplishments made by the Ad Hoc working group. We focus on two elements of the ALFUS product set, namely, the detailed model that is being implemented as a spreadsheet-based tool and the summary model. We also discuss identified challenges. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1117/12.603725 PG 10 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500041 ER PT B AU Govett, MW Doney, M Hyder, P AF Govett, MW Doney, M Hyder, P BE Zwieflhofer, W Mozdzynski, G TI The grid: An it infrastructure for NOAA in the 21st century SO Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, ENGLAND HO European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts AB This paper highlights the need to build a grid-based infrastructure to meet the challenges facing NOAA in the 21(st) century. Given the enormous expected demands for data, and increased size and density of observational systems, current systems will not be scalable for future needs without incurring enormous costs. NOAA's IT infrustructure is currently a set of independent systems that have been built up over time to support its programs and requirements. NOAA needs integrated systems capable of handling a huge increase in data volumes from expected launches of GOES-R, NPOESS, new observing systems being proposed or developed, and to meet requirements of the Integrated Earth Observation System. Further, NOAA must continue moving toward integrated compute resources to reduce costs, to improve systems utilization. to support new scientific challenges and to run and verify increasingly complex models using next generation high-density data streams. Finally, NOAA needs a fast, well-managed network capable of meeting the needs of the organization: to efficiently distribute data to users, to provide secure access to IT resources, and be sufficiently adaptable and scalable to meet unanticipated needs in the future. C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Govett, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Govett, Mark/H-2363-2015 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-354-7 PY 2005 BP 187 EP 214 DI 10.1142/9789812701831_0015 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDP29 UT WOS:000234714600015 ER PT B AU Gouguet, R AF Gouguet, R BE Wenning, RJ Batley, GE Ingersoll, CG Moore, DW TI Use of sediment quality guidelines in damage assessment and restoration at contaminated sites in the United States SO USE OF SEDIMENT: QUALITY GUIDELINES AND RELATED TOOLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Fairmont, MT SP Soc Envirnom Toxicol & Chem, Amer Chem Council, Amer Petr Inst, Autorita Portuale Venezia, CSIRO-Australia, E I duPont Nemours & Co, ENVIRON Int Corp, Environm Canada, Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Kennecott Utah Copper Corp, MEC Analyt Syst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nations Port, Port Author New York, Port Author New Jersey, Rohm & Haas Co, San Diego Unified Port District, SO Calif Coastal Water & Resource Protect Agcy, USA Corps Engineers, US Geol Survey, USN ID TOXICITY; MARINE C1 NOAA, Dallas, TX USA. RP Gouguet, R (reprint author), NOAA, Dallas, TX USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-71-6 PY 2005 BP 589 EP 606 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCU25 UT WOS:000231244100014 ER PT J AU Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Mearns, AJ Ginn, TC Buchman, M AF Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Mearns, Alan J. Ginn, Thomas C. Buchman, Michael TI Effect of pollution on marine organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHAETE SABELLA-SPALLANZANII; CETACEANS INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT; CRAB CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA AB Papers reviewed herein are limited to the biological, chemical and physical effects of environmental disturbance, natural, and anthropogenic, on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The worldwide literature is reviewed including textbooks, conference proceedings, original research reports, and reviews published in 2003. A special feature is a tabular listing of the body burden of inorganic and organic contaminants in plants and animals. The effects of pollutants on individual species and communities are included. Changes at the c cellular and subcellular level as caused by contaminants are reviewed. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Seattle, WA USA. Exponent Environm Grp, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Reish, DJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM DJReish@aol.com NR 216 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2005 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2733 EP 2819 DI 10.2175/106143005X54669 PG 87 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA V43RL UT WOS:000202952100035 ER PT J AU Budinski, KG Ives, LK AF Budinski, KG Ives, LK TI Measuring abrasion resistance with a fixed abrasive loop SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Erosive and Abrasive Wear (ICEAW 2) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Taiho Kogyo Tribol Res Fdn Japan, Tribol Grp Inst Phys HO Churchill Coll C1 Bud Labs, Rochester, NY 14612 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Budinski, KG (reprint author), Bud Labs, 3177 Latta Rd,PMB 146, Rochester, NY 14612 USA. EM kenbudinski@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 2005 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2004.09.078 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 881TG UT WOS:000225891700019 ER PT B AU Bhat, TN AF Bhat, Talapady N. BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Hansen, E TI Migration from static to dynamic Web interface-enzyme thermodynamics database as an example SO WMSCI 2005: 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE dynamic Web intyerface; enzyme thermodynamics data; ORACLE MySQL; HTML; IUPAC convention ID CATALYZED REACTIONS AB The era of internet based bioinformatics has created a unique opportunity to develop creative web tools and techniques to communicate complex biological data. Enzyme thermodynamics data is rich in Greek letter, superscripts and subscripts, and IUPAC has established precise data standards for their use in desktop publishing. However, current database software such as MySQL or ORACLE does not provide satisfactory support to these data. For this reason, many web resources ignore these data standards. Static web pages, that use pre-defined HTML, are a solution for this problem; however, they pose serious difficulties for navigation through large data such as those in enzyme thermodynamics database. For that reason we decided to migrate enzyme thermodynamics data to a dynamic web page using initially ORACLE and then MySQL. Here we discuss our experience in this process. The enzyme thermodynamics database (http://xpdb.nist.gov/enzyme thermodynamics/enzyme thermodynamics.html) is the largest comprehensive collection of high quality data on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. At this time this database contains data from over 1000 publications on over 400 different enzyme catalyzed reactions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20892 USA. RP Bhat, TN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20892 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-53-6 PY 2005 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFP77 UT WOS:000243639300014 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Winikelmann, S Hadrys, H Schierwater, B AF Collins, AG Winikelmann, S Hadrys, H Schierwater, B TI Phylogeny of Capitata and Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in light of mitochondrial 16S rDNA data SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; ANTHOMEDUSAE; SEQUENCES; MEDUSOZOA; EVOLUTION AB New sequences of the partial rDNA gene coding for the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit, 16S, are derived from 47 diverse hydrozoan species and used to investigate phylogenetic relationships among families of the group Capitata and among species of the capitate family Corynidae. Our analyses identify a well-supported clade, herein named Aplanulata, of capitate hydrozoans that are united by the synapomorphy of undergoing direct development without the ciliated planula stage that is typical of cnidarians. Aplanulata includes the important model organisms of the group Hydridae, as well as species of Candelabridae, Corymorphidae, and Tubulariidae. The hypothesis that Hydridae is closely related to brackish water species of Moerisiidae is strongly controverted by 16S rDNA data, as has been shown for nuclear 18S rDNA data. The consistent phylogenetic signal derived front 16S and 18S data suggest that both markers would be useful for broad-scale multimarker analyses of hydrozoan relationships. Corynidae is revealed as paraphyletic with respect to Polyorchidae, a group for which information about the hydroid stage is lacking. Bicorona, which has been classified both within and outside of Corynidae, is shown to have a close relationship with all but one sampled species of Coryne. The corynid genera Coryne, Dipurena, and Sarsia are not revealed as monophyletic, further calling into question the morphological criteria used to classify them. The attached gonophores of the corynid species Sarsia lovenii are confirmed as being derived from an ancestral state of liberated medusae. Our results indicate that the 16S rDNA market could be useful for a DNA-based identification system for Cnidaria, for which it has been shown that the commonly used cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene does not work. C1 German Res Ctr Biotechnol Epigenet Regulat, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. ITZ, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), NMFS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 153 Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.collins@ecolevol.de RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-3256 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00172.x PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 892UL UT WOS:000226675400008 ER PT J AU Keller, RA Graham, DW Farley, KA Duncan, RA Lupton, E AF Keller, RA Graham, DW Farley, KA Duncan, RA Lupton, E TI Cretaceous-to-recent record of elevated He-3/He-4 along the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian-Emperor chain; helium; MORB; geochemistry : isotopic composition/chemistry; tectonophysics : Earth's interior-composition and state; information related to geographic region : Pacific Ocean ID ICELAND MANTLE PLUME; EARTHS MANTLE; ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS; REYKJANES RIDGE; HELIUM; BASALTS; EVOLUTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; LAVAS; COMPONENTS AB Helium isotopes are a robust geochemical tracer of a primordial mantle component in hot spot volcanism. The high He-3/He-4 (up to 35 R-A, where R-A is the atmospheric He-3/He-4 ratio of 1.39 x 10(-6)) of some Hawaiian Island volcanism is perhaps the classic example. New results for picrites and basalts from the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain indicate that the hot spot has produced high He-3/He-4 lavas for at least the last 76 million years. Picrites erupted at 76 Ma have He-3/He-4 (10-14 R-A), which is at the lower end of the range for the Hawaiian Islands but still above the range of modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB; 6-10 R-A). This was at a time when hot spot volcanism was occurring on thin lithosphere close to a spreading ridge and producing lava compositions otherwise nearly indistinguishable from MORB. After the hot spot and spreading center diverged during the Late Cretaceous, the hot spot produced lavas with significantly higher He-3/He-4 (up to 24 R-A). Although He-3/He-4 ratios stabilized at relatively high values by 65 Ma, other chemical characteristics such as La/Yb and Sr-87/Sr-86 did not reach and stabilize at Hawaiian-Island-like values until similar to45 Ma. Our limited He-3/He-4 record for the Hawaiian hot spot shows a poor correlation with plume flux estimates (calculated from bathymetry and residual gravity anomalies [Van Ark and Lin, 2004]). If He-3 is a proxy for the quantity of primordial mantle material within the plume, then the lack of correlation between He-3/He-4 and calculated plume flux suggests that variation in primordial mantle flux is not the primary factor controlling total plume flux. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keller, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkeller@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Duncan, Robert/A-2168-2013 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q12L05 DI 10.1029/2004GC000739 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 885BX UT WOS:000226132700002 ER PT J AU Lynn, JW AF Lynn, JW TI Recent neutron results on magnetic superconductors and related systems SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE magnetic superconductors; neutron scattering; oxides ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; SPURIOUS MAGNETISM; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HOMO6S8; STATE; FIELD AB We briefly summarize the presentation at the conference discussing our recent neutron scattering results on magnetic superconductors. We give some historical perspective, and then focus on the coexistence and competition between the magnetic and superconducting order parameters in the cuprate superconductors. We also discuss our very recent work on the Na(x)CoO(2) system, where the Co ions carry S=1/2 as in the square-planar cuprates, but with the Co ions 2 occupying a triangular lattice. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeff.lynn@nist.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.057 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400055 ER PT J AU Jorge, GA Capan, C Ronning, F Jaime, M Kenzelmann, M Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Shapiro, AY Demianets, LA AF Jorge, GA Capan, C Ronning, F Jaime, M Kenzelmann, M Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Shapiro, AY Demianets, LA TI Specific heat at the magnetic order transitions in RbFe (MoO4)(2) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT At the Frontiers of Condensed Matter II Workshop CY JUN 22-26, 2004 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA DE specific heat; Heisenberg antiferromagnet; magnetic order ID TRIANGULAR LATTICE; RBFE(MOO4)(2) AB We measured the low temperature specific heat of antiferromagnetic RbFe(MoO4)(2) single-crystal samples, by means of a microcalorimetric technique, in magnetic fields up to 15 T applied along the ab plane. Peaks in the specific heat vs. temperature were observed at all the magnetic phase transitions present in this system below 4 K. The temperature at which specific heat anomalies were observed are in agreement with earlier neutron scattering results. Additionally, we found that the transition into the paramagnetic state upon heating in a magnetic field of 10 T or larger decreases in increasing fields, extrapolating to zero temperature at an approximate field of 19 T. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1419 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. RP Jorge, GA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Pabellon 1,Ciudad Univ, RA-1419 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM gjorge@df.uba.ar RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1-4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.071 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884QR UT WOS:000226101400066 ER PT J AU Chwedenczuk, J Goral, K Kohler, T Julienne, PS AF Chwedenczuk, J Goral, K Kohler, T Julienne, PS TI Molecular production in two component atomic Fermi gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ULTRACOLD MOLECULES AB We provide a practical approach to the molecular production via linear downward sweeps of Feshbach resonances in degenerate Fermi gases containing incoherent mixtures of two atomic spin states. We show that the efficiency of the association of atoms is determined just by the Landau-Zener parameter in addition to the density of the gas. Our approach of pairwise summation of the microscopic binary transition probabilities leads to an intuitive explanation for the observed saturation of the molecular production and recovers all atomic loss curves of Regal et al. [Nature (London) 427, 47 (2003)] as well as Strecker et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 080406 (2003)] without adjustable parameters. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Warsaw Univ, Dept Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Theoret Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chwedenczuk, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 260403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.260403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600003 PM 15697957 ER PT J AU Gaulin, BD Lee, SH Haravifard, S Castellan, JP Berlinsky, AJ Dabkowska, HA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD AF Gaulin, BD Lee, SH Haravifard, S Castellan, JP Berlinsky, AJ Dabkowska, HA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD TI High-resolution study of spin excitations in the singlet ground state of SrCu2(BO3)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM SRCU2(BO3)(2); NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PEIERLS TRANSITION; COMPOUND; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNET; CHAIN AB High-resolution, inelastic neutron scattering measurements on SrCu2(BO3)(2), a realization of the Shastry-Sutherland model for two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets, reveal the dispersion of the three single triplet excitations continuously across the (H,0) direction within its tetragonal basal plane. These measurements also show distinct Q dependencies for the single and multiple triplet excitations, and that these excitations are largely dispersionless perpendicular to this plane. The temperature dependence of the intensities of these excitations is well described as the complement of the dc susceptibility of SrCu2(BO3)(2). C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gaulin, BD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Castellan, John-Paul/D-1569-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 267202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.267202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600062 PM 15698016 ER PT J AU Sato, TJ Lynn, JW Dabrowski, B AF Sato, TJ Lynn, JW Dabrowski, B TI Disorder-induced polaron formation in the magnetoresistive perovskite La0.54Ba0.46MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; SPIN DYNAMICS; MANGANITES; TRANSITION; OXIDES; LA1-XCAXMNO3; PHYSICS; FILMS AB Neutron studies of the effect of A-site chemical disorder on the ferromagnetic transition and spin dynamics for the magnetoresistive perovskite La0.54Ba0.46MnO3 are reported. The low temperature spin waves reveal that disorder reduces exchange interactions by only 9%. The development of a quasielastic peak in the spectrum below T-C and long-time relaxation of the order parameter indicate that the transition is discontinuous in the disordered sample, while it appears continuous for the ordered sample. These results strongly suggest that chemical disorder lowers the energy for polaron formation in manganese perovskites, and is the origin of the dramatic 50 K reduction in T-C. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Sato, TJ (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. EM taku@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 267204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.267204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600064 PM 15698018 ER PT J AU Parsons, MA Brodzik, MJ Rutter, NJ AF Parsons, MA Brodzik, MJ Rutter, NJ TI Data management for the cold land processes experiment: improving hydrological science SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE data management; long-term archive; field experiment; snow; cold land processes; CLPX; remote sensing ID FIELD AB The Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) produced 37 data sets totalling about one terabyte in volume. This OF presented a considerable challenge for data managers. Two unique aspects of the CLPX data management process include participation of data specialists in field data collection and identification of one person, the 'data wrangler', to coordinate the acquisition of the entire collection of the experiment data. These unique aspects increased the quality and completeness of the overall CLPX collection. Data managers were guided by basic data management principles from the literature, including consideration of potential future users and applications and an imperative to keep data as simple and as flexible as possible. These principles guided data management decisions about data formats, data integration, data presentation, and documentation. This principle-based approach improved the usability and long-term viability of CLPX data. It is recommended that data managers be involved early in the planning of future large-scale field experiments and that data managers develop appropriate principle-based rubrics for guidance through persistent data-management challenges. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RP Parsons, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, UCB-449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM parsonsm@nsidc.org RI Parsons, Mark/C-3037-2013; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014 OI Parsons, Mark/0000-0002-7723-0950; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3637 EP 3653 DI 10.1002/hyp.5801 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600013 ER PT J AU Krasnoperov, LN Chesnokov, EN Stark, H Ravishankara, AR AF Krasnoperov, LN Chesnokov, EN Stark, H Ravishankara, AR TI Unimolecular dissociation of formyl radical, HCO -> H plus CO, studied over 1-100 bar pressure range SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; ACETALDEHYDE PHOTOLYSIS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IODINE MIXTURES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RATE-CONSTANT; SHOCK-WAVES AB Unimolecular dissociation of formyl radical, HCO --> H + CO (1), was studied using pulsed laser photolysis coupled to transient UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. One-pass UV absorption, multipass UV absorption, and cavity ring down spectroscopy in the red spectral region were used to monitor temporal profiles of the HCO radical. A heatable high-pressure flow reactor of a new design was employed. Reaction I was studied over a buffer gas (He) pressure range 0.8-100 bar and a temperature range 498-769 K. Formyl radicals were prepared by pulsed photolysis of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde (308 nm, XeCl excimer laser, 320 nm, doubled dye laser). In addition to formyl radicals monitored at 230 and 613.8 nm, methyl radicals were monitored via absorption at 216.5 nm. The initial concentrations of free radicals were varied between 7 x 10(10) and 8 x 10(13) molecules cm(-3). The obtained second-order rate constant at 1 bar is k(1)(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-66.0 +/- 3.4 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (498-769 K). The low-pressure data of this study were combined with those from a high-temperature shock tube study and the low-temperature data on the reverse reaction to yield k(1)(He) = (0.60 +/- 0.14) x 10(-10) exp(-64.2 +/- 1.4 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over an extended temperature range, 298-1229 K. The dissociation rate constants measured in this work are lower than previously reported by a factor of 2.2 at the highest temperature of our measurements and a factor of 3.5 at the low end. Our experimental data indicate a pressure dependence of the second-order rate constant for the dissociation of formyl radical (1), which is attributed to pressure falloff expected from the theory of isolated resonances. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Krasnoperov, LN (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Univ Hts, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM krasnoperov@adm.njit.edu RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 63 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 52 BP 11526 EP 11536 DI 10.1021/jp0403994 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 882FP UT WOS:000225924800008 ER PT J AU Key, RM Kozyr, A Sabine, CL Lee, K Wanninkhof, R Bullister, JL Feely, RA Millero, FJ Mordy, C Peng, TH AF Key, RM Kozyr, A Sabine, CL Lee, K Wanninkhof, R Bullister, JL Feely, RA Millero, FJ Mordy, C Peng, TH TI A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon; distribution; inventory ID TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 INVENTORY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; GEOSECS PROGRAM; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; TOTAL ALKALINITY AB During the 1990s, ocean sampling expeditions were carried out as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES). Subsequently, a group of U.S. scientists synthesized the data into easily usable and readily available products. This collaboration is known as the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP). Results were merged into a common format data set, segregated by ocean. For comparison purposes, each ocean data set includes a small number of high-quality historical cruises. The data were subjected to rigorous quality control procedures to eliminate systematic data measurement biases. The calibrated 1990s data were used to estimate anthropogenic CO(2), potential alkalinity, CFC watermass ages, CFC partial pressure, bomb-produced radiocarbon, and natural radiocarbon. These quantities were merged into the measured data files. The data were used to produce objectively gridded property maps at a 1degrees resolution on 33 depth surfaces chosen to match existing climatologies for temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients. The mapped fields are interpreted as an annual mean distribution in spite of the inaccuracy in that assumption. Both the calibrated data and the gridded products are available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Here we describe the important details of the data treatment and the mapping procedure, and present summary quantities and integrals for the various parameters. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Key, RM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM key@princeton.edu RI Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 NR 92 TC 690 Z9 700 U1 15 U2 157 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 AR GB4031 DI 10.1029/2004GB002247 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CD UT WOS:000226133500001 ER PT J AU Kongoli, C Grody, NC Ferraro, RR AF Kongoli, C Grody, NC Ferraro, RR TI Interpretation of AMSU microwave measurements for the retrievals of snow water equivalent and snow depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; MODEL; COVER; ALGORITHM AB [ 1] The objective of this paper is to interpret microwave scattering signatures over snow cover as observed by the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit ( AMSU) for the retrievals of snow water equivalent and snow depth. A case study involving seasonal snow cover over the U. S. Great Plains was analyzed in detail. Area-wide analysis of the relationship between snow depth and the AMSU scattering signatures in the 23-150 GHz window region showed weak correlation, deteriorated by the dependence of these signatures on snow metamorphism. The lower frequency scattering index, computed as the difference in the brightness temperature between 23 and 31 GHz channels, was low and insensitive to fresh snow predominant in December, but increased later in the season, and thus was more sensitive to snow depth for older snow cover. However, this seasonal increase in microwave scattering was observed for every snow depth range, suggesting a strong dependence on snow metamorphism. In contrast, the 89 GHz scattering index responded to relatively shallow snow cover in December, but was less sensitive to snow depth variability later in the season. A snow hydrology model was applied at specific locations to estimate snow water equivalent ( other than snow depth) for comparisons with the AMSU measurements. Overall, the lower frequency index was the best predictor of snow water equivalent and snow depth. However, correlation was higher for snow density and snow water equivalent. This was attributed to the response of this scattering index to the grain size evolution with time, which correlated better with the snow density and water equivalent changes in the snow cover than snow depth. Correlation between the snow water equivalent and the lower frequency index for fresh snow cover was significantly improved by switching to the higher frequency index at 89 GHz as predictor when the lower frequency index at 31 GHz was less than the 5 K threshold. Correlation further improved for fresh snow cover associated with a positive 150 GHz scattering index. These results suggest that the utility of AMSU measurements for the retrievals of snow depth and snow water equivalent could be better optimized by proper selection of the scattering thresholds that minimize the variability of important snow parameters such as grain size. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Kongoli, C (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cezar.kongoli@noaa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24111 DI 10.1029/2004JD004836 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CG UT WOS:000226133900002 ER PT J AU Crosby, AJ Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL AF Crosby, AJ Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL TI High-throughput craze studies in gradient thin films using ductile copper grids SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-POLYMERS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; COMBINATORIAL; POLYSTYRENE; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; MICROMECHANICS; STABILITY; FRACTURE AB Polymer materials are being developed and used for numerous photonic and electronic applications where the polymer is expected to maintain its dielectric properties in confined geometries. In these applications, the initiation or growth of mechanically induced defects, such as crazes, cracks, or shear bands, can significantly alter the intended function of the polymer. In this paper, we introduce a high throughput methodology to facilitate the investigation of craze growth in confined films. Specifically, we extend the previous research conducted on the effects of film thickness on crazing of polystyrene into unexplored thickness regimes of films less than 100 nm. We combine novel techniques of gradient thin film preparation, the established methodology of the copper grid strain test, the automated features of atomic force microscopy, and batch image processing to provide increased throughput and standardization in our quantitative measurements. We demonstrate that the mechanisms of craze widening and micronecking are quantitatively continuous to film thicknesses as thin as 50 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 26 BP 9968 EP 9974 DI 10.1021/ma0496293 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 882IP UT WOS:000225932900046 ER PT J AU Sakai, VG Chen, CX Maranas, JK Chowdhuri, Z AF Sakai, VG Chen, CX Maranas, JK Chowdhuri, Z TI Effect of blending with poly(ethylene oxide) on the dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate): A quasi-elastic neutron scattering approach SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; GLASS-FORMING POLYMERS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; PEO/PMMA BLENDS; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; NMR; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR AB The mobility of poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA] in a blend with 20 wt % poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] is assessed using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and compared to pure PMMA. The primary conclusion is that the change in dynamics of PMMA, upon blending with PEO, is solely a result of the shift in T-g. Although relaxation times of PMMA are smaller in the blend than in pure PMMA at a given temperature, they collapse onto a single curve when the difference in T(g)s is taken into account. Relaxation times are Arrhenius in temperature throughout most of the data, with an activation energy consistent with that observed in dielectric spectroscopy for the merged alphabeta process. At temperatures less than similar to1.24T(g), the data suggest that at large spatial scales relaxation times grow in excess of Arrhenius temperature dependence, whereas at small spatial scales Arrhenius behavior continues. The approximate dividing point for this behavior is the static structure peak of PMMA. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maranas, JK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jmaranas@psu.edu OI Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 26 BP 9975 EP 9983 DI 10.1021/ma0497355 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 882IP UT WOS:000225932900047 ER PT J AU Tian, J Seery, TAP Ho, DL Weiss, RA AF Tian, J Seery, TAP Ho, DL Weiss, RA TI Physically cross-linked alkylacrylamide hydrogels: A SANS analysis of the microstructure SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; THERMODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER NETWORKS; GELS; TRANSITION; CROSSLINKING; TEMPERATURE AB The microstructure of copolymer hydrogels composed of either N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DIKA) or N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPA) and 2-(N-ethylfluorooctanesulfonamido)ethyl acrylate, FOSA, was studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The FOSA/NIPA gels exhibited a thermally reversible volume phase transition and a temperature-sensitive microstructure, while the FOSA/DMA gels did not. A modified interacting core-shell microstructure model was used to explain the SANS data for both gels. The cross-link junctions of the gel consisted of nanophase-separated FOSA domains composed of a FOSA core surrounded by a water-poor layer of the alkylacrylamide. The average spherical core radius ranged from 1 to 3 nm, and the average shell thickness ranged from 0 to 1.5 nm; the FOSA aggregation number ranged from 10 to 180. The hydrogels exhibited chain-sized heterogeneities due to solutionlike thermal fluctuations and larger sized heterogeneities due to a solidlike cluster structure. The chain correlation and the large heterogeneities were similar to those observed in covalent DMA and NIPA hydrogels. The chain correlation length ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 nm, and the large heterogeneities ranged from 50 to 90 nm. C1 Univ Connecticut, Chem Engn Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, RA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Chem Engn Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM rweiss@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 26 BP 10001 EP 10008 DI 10.1021/ma049474z PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 882IP UT WOS:000225932900050 ER PT J AU Schwindt, PDD Knappe, S Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, LA Moreland, J AF Schwindt, PDD Knappe, S Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, LA Moreland, J TI Chip-scale atomic magnetometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR AB Using the techniques of microelectromechanical systems, we have constructed a small low-power magnetic sensor based on alkali atoms. We use a coherent population trapping resonance to probe the interaction of the atoms' magnetic moment with a magnetic field, and we detect changes in the magnetic flux density with a sensitivity of 50 pT Hz(-1/2) at 10 Hz. The magnetic sensor has a size of 12 mm(3) and dissipates 195 mW of power. Further improvements in size, power dissipation, and magnetic field sensitivity are immediately foreseeable, and such a device could provide a hand-held battery-operated magnetometer with an atom shot-noise limited sensitivity of 0.05 pT Hz(-1/2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schwindt, PDD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schwindt@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 26 BP 6409 EP 6411 DI 10.1063/1.1839274 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880JE UT WOS:000225785300030 ER PT J AU Richards, PM Mooij, WM DeAngelis, DL AF Richards, PM Mooij, WM DeAngelis, DL TI Evaluating the effect of salinity on a simulated American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) population with applications to conservation and Everglades restoration SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE everglades restoration; simulation model; American crocodile; uncertainty analysis; individual-based model ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; FLORIDA BAY; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; ERROR ANALYSIS; MODELS; LANDSCAPES; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS AB Everglades restoration will alter the hydrology of South Florida, affecting both water depth and salinity levels in the southern fringes of the Everglades, the habitat of the endangered American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). A key question is what the effects of these hydrologic changes will be on the crocodile population. Reliable predictions of the viability of endangered species under a variety of management scenarios are of vital importance in conservation ecology. Juvenile American crocodiles are thought to be sensitive to high salinity levels, suffering reduced mass, and potentially reduced survivorship and recruitment. This could negatively impact the population recovery. We addressed the management issue of how the crocodile population will respond to alterations in hydrology with a spatially explicit individual-based model. The model is designed to relate water levels, salinities, and dominant vegetation to crocodile distribution, abundance, population growth, individual growth, survival, nesting effort, and nesting success. Our analysis shows that Everglades restoration, through its effects on water flow to estuaries, may benefit crocodile populations if increased freshwater flow reduces the chance that regional salinity levels exceed levels where small individuals lose mass. In addition, we conclude that conservation priority should be placed on reducing anthropogenic sources of mortality on large individuals, such as road mortality. Finally, research should focus on estimates of annual survivorship for large individuals. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Richards, PM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, USDOC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM paul.richards@noaa.gov RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 25 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 2-3 BP 371 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.038 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864LT UT WOS:000224635700009 ER PT J AU Martin, RV Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Chance, K Kurosu, TP Jacob, DJ Sturges, ED Fried, A Wert, BP AF Martin, RV Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Nicks, DK Chance, K Kurosu, TP Jacob, DJ Sturges, ED Fried, A Wert, BP TI Evaluation of GOME satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO using regional data from aircraft campaigns in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; GOME; TEXAQS; Houston; nitrogen dioxide; formaldehyde ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; AIRBORNE FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; OXIDE EMISSIONS; GOCART MODEL; GLOBAL-MODEL; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN AB We compare tropospheric measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde ( HCHO) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument with in situ measurements over eastern Texas and the southeast United States. On average, the GOME and in situ measurements of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns are consistent despite pronounced sampling differences. The geometric mean in situ to GOME ratios over the campaign are 1.08 for NO2 and 0.84 for HCHO, with corresponding geometric standard deviations of 1.27 and 1.38. The correlation of the observed column spatial variability between the two NO2 measurement sets is encouraging before (r(2) = 0.54, n = 18) and after (r(2) = 0.67, n = 18) correcting for a sampling bias. Mean relative vertical profiles of HCHO and NO2 calculated with a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-CHEM) and used in the GOME retrieval are highly consistent with in situ measurements; differences would affect the retrieved NO2 and HCHO columns by a few percent. GOME HCHO columns over eastern Texas include contributions from anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions but are dominated by biogenic VOC emissions at the regional scale in August-September when HCHO columns are within 20% of those over the southeastern United States. In situ measurements show that during summer the lowest 1500 m ( the lower mixed layer) contains 75% of the tropospheric NO2 column over Houston and Nashville, and 60% of the HCHO column over Houston. Future validation of space-based measurements of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns over polluted regions should include coincident in situ measurements that span the entire satellite footprint, especially in the heterogeneous mixed layer. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Martin, RV (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM randall.martin@dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24307 DI 10.1029/2004JD004869 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PQ UT WOS:000226027000005 ER PT J AU Shen, VK Errington, JR AF Shen, VK Errington, JR TI Metastability and instability in the Lennard-Jones fluid investigated by transition-matrix Monte Carlo SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS BUBBLE NUCLEATION; 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DENSITY-OF-STATES; FREE-ENERGY; POLYMER BLENDS; SUPERHEATED LIQUIDS; SCALING PROPERTIES; NONUNIFORM SYSTEM; CRITICAL NUCLEUS; SURFACE-TENSION AB Grand canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo is used to investigate kinetic and thermodynamic stability limits of the liquid and vapor in the Lennard-Jones fluid. Kinetic spinodals are associated with a vanishing of the free-energy barrier between metastable and stable states, and thermodynamic spinodals are related to diverging thermodynamic response functions. We show that the kinetically and thermodynamically defined spinodals are conceptually equivalent viewpoints in the case of the liquid-vapor transition. In agreement with the work of others, we find that the properties of the supersaturated vapor at its limit of stability approach their saturation values with increasing system size. We also find an analogous trend in the case of the superheated liquid. Finally, the computational algorithm and manipulation of data outlined in this work provide an intuitive and efficient method for determining thermophysical properties of stable and metastable fluids via molecular simulation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Shen, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.shen@nist.gov; jerring@buffalo.edu RI Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011 OI Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271 NR 72 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 19595 EP 19606 DI 10.1021/jp040218y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 880ON UT WOS:000225799200005 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD Thirumalai, D AF Mountain, RD Thirumalai, D TI Alterations in water structure induced by guanidinium and sodium ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PROTEIN STABILITY; FORCE-FIELD; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; ALKALI-HALIDES; FREE-ENERGY; SALTING-IN; POTENTIALS AB Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have probed the ion-induced changes in the water structure as the concentration of ion is varied. We consider two ions, namely, sodium chloride and guanidinium chloride. As the concentration of sodium ions, Na+, is increased the water structure is greatly perturbed. When the mole fraction of water is less than about 0.93, the tetrahedral network of water is affected and there is a total disruption of the tetrahdedral structure of water, just as found in water at high pressures. The number of water-water hydrogen bonds per water molecule is greatly diminished as Na+ concentration increases. Surprisingly, we find that the number of water molecules that are coordinated to Na+ is nearly independent of the sodium chloride concentration. In contrast to the kosmotropic ion Na+, the weakly hydrated chaotropic ion Gdm(+) does not alter the water structure as dramatically. At all Gdm(+) concentrations examined here, the water hydrogen bonds are fully preserved. We find that the tetrahedral network of water is compromised only at the highest Gdm(+) concentration. The differences in the interaction of these two ions with water as their concentration is varied are used to propose a mechanism by which Gdm(+) denatures proteins. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM RMountain@nist.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 19711 EP 19716 DI 10.1021/jp046607+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 880ON UT WOS:000225799200020 ER PT J AU Russo, D Murarka, RK Hura, G Verschell, E Copley, JRA Head-Gordon, T AF Russo, D Murarka, RK Hura, G Verschell, E Copley, JRA Head-Gordon, T TI Evidence for anomalous hydration dynamics near a model hydrophobic peptide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; GLASS-TRANSITION; WATER-MOLECULES; PROTEIN; SOLVATION; SIMULATION AB We present new quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments and simulation analysis for studying the hydration water dynamics of N-acetyl-leucine-methylamide (NALMA) solutions as a function of concentration and temperature. The experiments show non-Arrhenius translational dynamics over the temperature range of -3 to +37 degreesC for all concentrations, and fits to the experimental intermediate scattering function show nonexponential relaxation dynamics. While the lower-concentration NALMA solution could be classified as an intermediate to strong liquid, the higher concentration is legitimately defined as a fragile liquid, and the hydration dynamics of the most concentrated solution exhibits very good correspondence with the same signatures of non-Arrhenius behavior and nonexponential dynamics as that observed for supercooled water well below -20 degreesC. The corresponding molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the high concentration data using the SPC water model, a common companion water model used in protein simulations, is severely limited in application to the dynamics of this system because of the very low temperature of maximum density of the SPC water model. However, the simulations are informative in the sense that nonexponential relaxation is still evident at the effectively higher temperatures, which indicates that the underlying potential energy surface is very rough at high concentrations, although the sampling is still sufficiently ergodic so that Arrhenius behavior is observed. We provide discussion in regards to the mutually beneficial connection between supercooled liquids and glasses and its biological importance for protein-water systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tlhead-gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 48 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 19885 EP 19893 DI 10.1021/jp046847p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 880ON UT WOS:000225799200040 ER PT J AU Farnik, M Nesbitt, DJ AF Farnik, M Nesbitt, DJ TI Intramolecular energy transfer between oriented chromophores: High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of HCl trimer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL SURFACES; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; STATE STRUCTURE; SOLID NEON; (HCL)(2); COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERS; BAND; ENERGETICS AB Detailed dynamical and structural information has been obtained for hydrogen-bonded (HCl)(3) clusters via high-resolution IR laser absorption spectroscopy in a supersonic slit expansion. Multiple rovibrational bands in an approximate to3000 cm-1 HCl stretch region have been assigned and analyzed for H Cl-35/H Cl-37 isotopomeric contributions, corresponding to excitation of (i) the degenerate antisymmetric HCl stretch in isotopically pure (H Cl-35)(3), (ii) high- and low-frequency components of the nearly degenerate HCl stretch in H Cl-37 (H Cl-35)(2), (iii) the low-frequency component of the corresponding HCl stretch in (H Cl-37)(2) H Cl-35. The isotopically pure (H Cl-35)(3) results are in good agreement with earlier diode-laser efforts. A simple exciton model for vibrational coupling between HCl subunits is presented that indicates rapid intramolecular energy flow (beta approximate to-1.89 cm-1, tau approximate to 2.8 ps) in the trimer ring, which is in good agreement with vibrationally mediated tunneling rates observed in the HCl dimer. Spectral analysis at slit jet resolution indicates a Deltanuapproximate to120 MHz homogeneous line broadening and an excited-state lifetime of approximate to1.3 ns. The data is consistent with intramolecular vibrational redistribution-induced opening of the trimer followed by true predissociation to either (HCl)(2)+HCl or 3HCl on a longer time scale. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Farnik, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Farnik, Michal/F-5274-2014 OI Farnik, Michal/0000-0002-7106-0719 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 24 BP 12386 EP 12395 DI 10.1063/1.1814102 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 879JQ UT WOS:000225714500030 PM 15606258 ER PT J AU Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D AF Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D TI Hydrocarbon source signatures in Houston, Texas: Influence of the petrochemical industry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; sources; variability ID VARIABILITY-LIFETIME RELATIONSHIP; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE RECONCILIATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; GAS-PHASE AB Observations of C-1-C-10 hydrocarbon mixing ratios measured by in situ instrumentation at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 field experiment are reported. The La Porte data were compared to a roadway vehicle exhaust signature obtained from canister samples collected in the Houston Washburn tunnel during the same summer to better understand the impact of petrochemical emissions of hydrocarbons at the site. It is shown that the abundance of ethene, propene, 1-butene, C-2-C-4 alkanes, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isopropylbenzene, and styrene at La Porte were systematically affected by petrochemical industry emissions. Coherent power law relationships between frequency distribution widths of hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their local lifetimes clearly identify two major source groups, roadway vehicle emissions and industrial emissions. Distributions of most aromatics and long chain alkanes were consistent with roadway vehicle emissions as the dominant source. Air mass reactivity was generally dominated by C-1-C-3 aldehydes. Propene and ethene sometimes dominated air mass reactivity with HO loss frequencies often greater than 10 s(-1). Ozone mixing ratios near 200 ppbv were observed on two separate occasions, and these air masses appear to have been affected by industrial emissions of alkenes from the Houston Ship Channel. The La Porte data provide evidence of the importance of industrial emissions of ethene and propene on air mass reactivity and ozone formation in Houston. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80020 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tom.jobson@pnl.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588 NR 44 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24305 DI 10.1029/2004JD004887 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PP UT WOS:000226026900001 ER PT J AU Ostling, M Koo, SM Zetterling, CM Khartsev, S Grishin, A AF Ostling, M Koo, SM Zetterling, CM Khartsev, S Grishin, A TI Ferroelectric thin films on silicon carbide for next-generation nonvolatile memory and sensor devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE ferroelectric thin films; silicon carbide; nonvolatile memory and sensor devices ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-POWER ELECTRONICS; CHANNEL MOBILITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; 4H-SIC MOSFETS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Silicon carbide semiconductor technology has emerged as a very good candidate to replace traditional Si devices in special applications such as low loss power switching and high temperature electronics. Ferroelectric thin films exhibit interesting properties for use in semiconductor technology due to the spontaneous polarization which can be switched by an externally applied electric field, and thus are attractive for nonvolatile memory and sensor applications. In this work, the successful realization of ferroelectric thin films in SiC devices is described. The first experimental prototype devices are presented and discussed: A novel integration technique of junction metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (JMOSFETs) and nonvolatile FETs (NVFETs) on a single 4H-SiC substrate is presented. A constant current control device is based on the SiC JMOSFET. The drain current is effectively controlled and kept constant by a buried junction gate. A new high temperature SiC NVFET with a similar temperature stable current drive is also demonstrated. The nonvolatile memory device, based on the ferroelectric gate stack, was shown to operate up to 300 C with memory effect retained up to 200degreesC. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Microbiol & Informat Technol, SE-14640 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Koo, SM (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smkoo@nist.gov RI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/E-5764-2015 OI Zetterling, Carl-Mikael/0000-0001-8108-2631 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.09.030 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300076 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rosenquist, TA Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, P Birincioglu, M Rosenquist, TA Dizdaroglu, M TI Mouse NEIL1 protein is specific for excision of 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine from oxidatively damaged DNA SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-DRIVEN MECHANISMS; COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; REPRESSOR-OPERATOR INTERACTION; CYTOSINE-DERIVED LESIONS; GENERATED FREE-RADICALS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MODIFIED BASES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; OGG1 PROTEIN; FPG PROTEIN AB A functional homologue of human DNA glycosylase NEIL1 (hNEIL1) in mouse has recently been cloned, isolated, characterized, and named mouse NEIL1 (mNEIL1). This enzyme exhibited specificity for excision of oxidatively modified pyrimidine bases such as thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydrouracil, and 5-hydroxypyrimidines, using oligonucleotides with a single base lesion incorporated at a specific site. It also acted upon AP sites; however, no significant excision of 8-hydroxyguanine was observed [Rosenquist, T. A., Zaika, E., Fernandes, A. S., Zharkov, D. O., Miller, H., and Grollman, A. P. (2003) DNA Repair 2, 581-591]. We investigated the substrate specificity and excision kinetics of mNEIL1 for excision of oxidatively modified bases from high-molecular weight DNA with multiple lesions, which were generated by exposure of DNA in aqueous solution to ionizing radiation. Among a large number of pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions detected and quantified in DNA, only purine-derived lesions 2,6-diarnino-4-hydroxy5-formamidopyrimidine and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine were significantly excised. This finding establishes that mNEIL1 and its functional homologue hNEIL1 possess common substrates, namely, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine. Measurement of excision kinetics showed that mNEIL1 possesses equal specificity for these two formamidopyrimidines. This enzyme also excised thymine-derived lesions thymine glycol and 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin, albeit at a much lower rate. A comparison of the specificity and excision kinetics of mNEIL1 with other DNA glycosylases shows that this enzyme is as efficient as those DNA glycosylases, which specifically remove the formamidopyrimidines from DNA. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Adnan Menderes Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, TR-09016 Aydin, Turkey. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Jaruga, P (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pawel.jaruga@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 54 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 50 BP 15909 EP 15914 DI 10.1021/bo0481621 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 880GE UT WOS:000225776200026 PM 15595846 ER PT J AU Broekhuizen, KE Thornberry, T Kumar, PP Abbatt, JPD AF Broekhuizen, KE Thornberry, T Kumar, PP Abbatt, JPD TI Formation of cloud condensation nuclei by oxidative processing: Unsaturated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CCN; organic aerosols; ozone; oleic acid; oxidative processing ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; OLEIC-ACID; HETEROGENEOUS REACTION; OZONE; KINETICS; SURFACE; PRODUCTS; IDENTIFICATION AB The ability of submicron oleic acid and linoleic acid particles, or condensation nuclei (CN), to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) has been investigated using a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) coupled to a flow tube reactor and a thermal gradient diffusion chamber (TGDC). The size change and CCN properties of pure oleic acid, mixed oleic acid/methanol, and pure linoleic acid particles have been investigated as a function of exposure to ozone. Pure oleic and linoleic acid particles were CCN inactive for all particle diameters (less than or equal to300 nm) and supersaturations (less than or equal to1%) studied. The mixed oleic acid/methanol particles, however, had a critical activation diameter of 188 nm for an experimental water supersaturation of 0.6%. Under low ozone exposures (<1x10(-4) atm s), both the oleic acid and linoleic acid particles decreased in size. In particular, oleic acid particles lost 25% of their initial volume, consistent with the loss of nonanal, a volatile reaction product. However, no increase in CCN activity was observed at these exposures. Under conditions of much higher ozone exposure, e.g., 0.42 atm s, the pure oleic acid particles became CCN active, with a critical activation diameter of 161 nm at 0.6% supersaturation. CCN activity for the linoleic acid particles was never observed, even under these high ozone exposures not typically observed in the atmosphere. By contrast, the mixed oleic acid/methanol particles showed enhanced activation under atmospherically relevant ozone exposures (<1x10(-4) atm s). These results suggest that the products of the ozone plus unsaturated fatty acid reaction do promote the CCN activity of the particles; however, the degree of activity is dependent on both the level of ozone exposure and the chemical nature of the particle. These results are the first to demonstrate that the CCN properties of pure organic aerosols can be modified through oxidative processing. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Univ Pune, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Broekhuizen, KE (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM kbroekhu@chem.utoronto.ca RI Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013 NR 47 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005298 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PO UT WOS:000226026800008 ER PT J AU Grody, NC Vinnikov, KY Goldberg, MD Sullivan, JT Tarpley, JD AF Grody, NC Vinnikov, KY Goldberg, MD Sullivan, JT Tarpley, JD TI Calibration of multisatellite observations for climatic studies: Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE microwave remote sensing; temperature climate monitoring; Microwave Sounding Unit ID TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE; RECORD; ERROR AB The Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) aboard the NOAA series of polar orbiting satellites has been used by three groups to monitor the very small trend in the global tropospheric temperature over the 25-year satellite record. To obtain a homogeneous data set, each group made different calibration corrections of the MSUs in the form of fixed biases, and in some cases temperature-dependent adjustments, to each of the nine satellite instruments using data during the overlap periods. Up until now, however, the adjustments are empirically based. To improve the accuracy as well as our understanding of the error sources, this paper develops an alternate, physical approach for intercalibrating the MSU instruments. The paper develops a calibration model for the MSU instrument that includes the errors in the cold space and warm target measurements, as well as the nonlinear factor. Corrections for these calibration errors are estimated using a least squares minimization where the predictors are the differences between all 12 overlapping satellite measurements at low and high latitudes. After applying the calibration corrections, the zonally averaged differences between satellite instruments are no larger than 0.03 K, independent of latitude. It is also found that the tropospheric temperature trend derived from MSU measurements is nearly the same as the surface trend. Furthermore, it now appears that much of the earlier inconsistency between the satellite and surface measurements arises from errors in the MSU calibration correction procedure, which can artificially suppress the temperature trend. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM norman.grody@noaa.gov RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24104 DI 10.1029/2004JD005079 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PO UT WOS:000226026800004 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Eidelman, N Deng, Y Washburn, NR AF Simon, CG Eidelman, N Deng, Y Washburn, NR TI High-throughput method for determining modulus of polymer blends SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE blends; Fr-IR; high-throughput methods; nanoindentation; poly(lactic acid) ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMBINATORIAL METHODS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; SURFACES; NANOINDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; HARDNESS; FILMS AB A method for rapidly determining the modulus of polymer blends was developed. A polymer blend gradient library of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was created in the form of a strip-shaped film and characterized with FTIR microspectroscopy. Nanoindentation measurements were made along the gradients to obtain modulus data over a wide range of PLLA-PDLLA blend compositions. This novel, high-throughput approach to material characterization provides engineers with a technique to accelerate the development of materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 24 BP 2003 EP 2007 DI 10.1002/marc.200400395 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 884UE UT WOS:000226111300002 ER PT J AU Yang, HY Levy, H AF Yang, HY Levy, H TI Sensitivity of photodissociation rate coefficients and O-3 photochemical tendencies to aerosols and clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE photochemical impacts of aerosol; tropospheric photochemistry; aerosol optical properties; black carbon aerosol; aerosol mixing states; synergy between aerosol and cloud ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; BLACK CARBON; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; SOOT AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; ABSORPTION; RADIATION AB We examine the sensitivity of the daily integrated photodissociation rate (DIPR) coefficients of O-3((OD)-D-1) and NO2, the daily averaged O-3 photochemical tendency, and OH concentration to variations of clouds and of four aerosol components: black carbon (BC), mineral dust, sea salt, and sulfate. Clouds and BC aerosols are found to be the most important. A comparison between the sensitivity study and some representative observations showed that the global average cloud reduction of DIPR at the surface level is similar to20% and it is similar to30% in storm track zones. At the surface level the average negative BC impact is similar to10% in urban areas and could reach similar to40% in some heavily polluted urban areas. Mineral dust aerosol, which is the next most important, can reduce the photochemistry at the surface level by over 17% in some seasons over the desert or along its long-range transport paths. The negative impact of sulfate aerosols is around 2% at the surface level, and the impact is as positive as 4% at the top of the sulfate aerosol layer in some urban areas. BC, sulfate, and mineral dust all have much smaller impacts away from their source regions. The impact of sea-salt aerosol is generally less than 1%. While the fractional impacts on O-3 production and destruction and OH concentration do not depend much on NOx, the magnitude of the impact on O-3 chemical tendency and OH concentration depends strongly on the concentration of NOx: When NOx is very low, the impacts are also very small even if DIPRs are strongly affected. Different mixing states of absorbing and scattering aerosol components, external, coating, and internal, are studied. It is found that with the same amount of each component, the external mixing state produces the weakest impact while the internal mixing state produces the strongest impact. Coating has almost the same impact as internal mixing. There is very little synergy between cloud and absorbing aerosols when clouds are located above the aerosol. The aerosol absorption is strengthened when clouds and aerosol are located in the same layer. The synergy is strong when clouds are located below the absorbing aerosol, where the impact of absorbing aerosol dominates. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Yang, HY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM hyy@princeton.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24301 DI 10.1029/2004JD005032 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881QJ UT WOS:000225882500003 ER PT J AU Marian, A Stowe, MC Lawall, JR Felinto, D Ye, J AF Marian, A Stowe, MC Lawall, JR Felinto, D Ye, J TI United time-frequency spectroscopy for dynamics and global structure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASER; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; STATE; TRAIN AB Ultrashort laser pulses have thus far been used in two distinct modes. In the time domain, the pulses have allowed probing and manipulation of dynamics on a subpicosecond time scale. More recently, phase stabilization has produced optical frequency combs with absolute frequency reference across a broad bandwidth. Here we combine these two applications in a spectroscopic study of rubidium atoms. A wide-bandwidth, phase-stabilized femto-second laser is used to monitor the real-time dynamic evolution of population transfer. Coherent pulse accumulation and quantum interference effects are observed and well modeled by theory. At the same time, the narrow line-width of individual comb lines permits a precise and efficient determination of the global energy-level structure, providing a direct connection among the optical, terahertz, and radio-frequency domains. The mechanical action of the optical frequency comb on the atomic sample is explored and controlled, leading to precision spectroscopy with an appreciable reduction in systematic errors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Felinto, Daniel/M-8756-2014 NR 28 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5704 BP 2063 EP 2068 DI 10.1126/science.1105660 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881CM UT WOS:000225841000054 PM 15550622 ER PT J AU Balss, KM Vreeland, WN Phinney, KW Ross, D AF Balss, KM Vreeland, WN Phinney, KW Ross, D TI Simultaneous concentration and separation of enantiomers with chiral temperature gradient focusing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COUNTERBALANCED CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; AMINO-ACIDS; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; STATIONARY PHASES; FIELD GRADIENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENANTIOSEPARATION; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION AB A new technique is demonstrated for the simultaneous concentration and high-resolution separation of chiral compounds. With temperature gradient focusing, a combination of a temperature gradient, an applied electric field, and a buffer with a temperature-dependent ionic strength is used to cause analytes to move to equilibrium, zero-velocity points along a microchannel or capillary. Different analytes are thus separated spatially and concentrated in a manner that resembles isoelectric focusing but that is applicable to a greater variety of analytes including small chiral drug molecules. Chiral separations are accomplished by the addition of a chiral selector, which causes the different enantiomers of an analyte to focus at different positions along a microchannel or capillary. This new technique is demonstrated to provide high performance in a number of areas desirable for chiral separations including rapid separation optimization and method development, facile reversal of peak order (desirable for analysis of trace enantiomeric impurities), and high resolving power (comparable to capillary electrophoresis) in combination with greater than 1000-fold concentration enhancement enabling improved detection limits. In addition, chiral temperature gradient focusing allows for real-time monitoring of the interaction of chiral analyte molecules with chiral selectors that could potentially be applied to the study of other molecular interactions. Finally, unlike CE, which requires long channels or capillaries for high-resolution separations, separations of equivalent resolution can be performed with TGF in very short microchannels (mm); thus, TGF is inherently much more suited to miniaturization and integration into lab-on-a-chip-devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7243 EP 7249 DI 10.1021/ac049046r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 880IH UT WOS:000225781700011 PM 15595865 ER PT J AU Narum, SR Buonaccorsi, VP Kimbrell, CA Vetter, RD AF Narum, SR Buonaccorsi, VP Kimbrell, CA Vetter, RD TI Genetic divergence between gopher rockfish (Sebastes carnatus) and black and yellow rockfish (Sebastes chrysomelas) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT SPECIES FLOCKS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; SPECIATION; CAURINUS; FISHES; OCEAN; TESTS AB The genus Sebastes contains over 110 species, an unusually high level of species diversity for marine fishes. Many of the 70 species that occupy the northeast Pacific Ocean coexist during parts or all of their life cycle. Although allopatric speciation explains much of this diversity, the presence of many closely related species within the same locations suggests that other isolating mechanisms may play a role. Sebastes carnatus and Sebastes chrysomelas are a sympatrically distributed pair of sister species having no morphologically distinguishing characteristics other than color: S. carnatus has pinkish spots on a brown background, and S. chrysomelas has yellow spots on a black background. In this study, seven nuclear microsatellite DNA loci were employed to assess relatedness of 111 S. carnatus and 91 S. chrysomelas sampled from three locations spanning the species' range. Analysis of the seven microsatellite loci provided evidence of genetic divergence between color morphs (F-ST = 0.046, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, magnitude of genetic divergence between the color morphs was consistent among geographic locations. Divergence between S. carnatus and S. chrysomelas was low relative to that detected among other species within the genus, suggesting that the two morphs; represent reproductively isolated incipient species. C1 Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Narum, SR (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 3059 F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM nars@critfc.org NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 15 PY 2004 IS 4 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1643/CG-02-061R2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 880QU UT WOS:000225805100021 ER PT J AU Hey, R Baker, E Bohnenstiehl, D Massoth, G Kleinrock, M Martinez, F Naar, D Pardee, D Lupton, J Feely, R Gharib, J Resing, J Rodrigo, C Sansone, F Walker, S AF Hey, R Baker, E Bohnenstiehl, D Massoth, G Kleinrock, M Martinez, F Naar, D Pardee, D Lupton, J Feely, R Gharib, J Resing, J Rodrigo, C Sansone, F Walker, S TI Tectonic/volcanic segmentation and controls on hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest seafloor spreading system, EPR 27 degrees-32 degrees S SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE seafloor spreading; mid-ocean ridges; hydrothermal plumes; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; marine geology and geophysics : seafloor morphology and bottom photography; marine geology and geophysics : instruments and techniques; oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems; tectonophysics : plate boundary, general ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; RIDGE-AXIS DISCONTINUITIES; JUAN-FERNANDEZ MICROPLATE; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; PROPAGATING RIFT; TIME-SCALE; ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION AB We have collected 12 kHz SeaBeam bathymetry and 120 kHz DSL-120 side-scan sonar and bathymetry data to determine the tectonic and volcanic segmentation along the fastest spreading (similar to150 km/Myr) part of the global mid-ocean ridge system, the southern East Pacific Rise between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. This area is presently reorganizing by large-scale dueling rift propagation and possible protomicroplate tectonics. Fracture patterns observed in the side-scan data define structural segmentation scales along these ridge segments. These sometimes, but not always, correlate with linear volcanic systems defining segmentation in the SeaBeam data. Some of the subsegments behave cohesively, with in-phase tectonic activity, while fundamental discontinuities occur between other subsegments. We also collected hydrothermal plume data using sensors mounted on the DSL-120 instrument package, as well as CTDO tow-yos, to determine detailed structural and volcanic controls on the hydrothermal vent pattern observed along 600 km of the Pacific-Nazca axis. Here we report the first rigorous correlation between coregistered hydrothermal plume and high-resolution marine geophysical data on similar scales and over multisegment distances. Major plume concentrations were usually found where axial inflation was relatively high and fracture density was relatively low. These correlations suggest that hydrothermal venting is most active where the apparent magmatic budget is greatest, resulting in recent eruptions that have paved over the neovolcanic zone. Areas of voluminous acoustically dark young lava flows produced from recent fissure eruptions correlate with many of the major hydrothermal vent areas. Increased crustal permeability, as gauged by increased fracture density, does not enhance hydrothermal venting in this area. Axial summit troughs and graben are rare, probably because of frequent volcanic resurfacing in this superfast spreading environment, and are not good predictors of hydrothermal activity here. Many of the hydrothermal areas are found in inflated areas near the ends of segments, suggesting that abundant magma is being supplied to these areas. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Joint Oceanog Inst Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Serv Hidrograf & Oceanograf Armada Chile, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Hey, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hey@soest.hawaii.edu RI Sansone, Francis/B-9915-2013 NR 83 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q12007 DI 10.1029/2004GC000764 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 881QB UT WOS:000225881600005 ER PT J AU Wheat, CG Mottl, MJ Fisher, AT Kadko, D Davis, EE Baker, E AF Wheat, CG Mottl, MJ Fisher, AT Kadko, D Davis, EE Baker, E TI Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Baby Bare; heat flow; heat flux; hydrothermal; radon; ridge flanks; marine geology and geophysics : heat flow (benthic) and hydrothermal processes; planetology : solid surface planets : heat flow; volcanology : hydrothermal systems ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; GALAPAGOS-SPREADING-CENTER; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION; EASTERN FLANK; BABY BARE; CASCADIA BASIN; CRUST; WATER; PERMEABILITY AB One hundred seven thermal gradients were measured in shallow surface sediments using the submersible Alvin within a 0.5 km(2) area on and around the 65-m-high, mostly sediment-covered Baby Bare outcrop located on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Heat flow values range from 0.35 W m(-2), which is close to the average value (0.27 W m(-2)) for the sediment-buried 3.5-Myr-old crust surrounding the outcrop, to as high as 490 W m(-2). Some measurements are purely conductive, whereas others are consistent with upward fluid seepage through this sediment layer. Highest heat flow values are found roughly 10 m below the summit along a ridge-parallel fault where shimmering water, springs, and communities of clams were found. Heat flow values surrounding a second fault are elevated to a lesser extent (maximum of 9.2 W m(-2)). The total power output from this 0.5 km 2 area is 1.5 MW, about 10 times greater than the conductive power output predicted for a commensurate area of 3.5-Myr crust. Much of this heat loss is conductive (similar to84%), consistent with an independent estimate of the convective heat flux from Rn/heat anomalies in spring fluids and in the water column above the springs. Calculations suggest that the 64degreesC isotherm, which is the temperature in the surrounding upper crust, is <20 m below the summit, corresponding to a height that is 30 m above the surrounding turbidite plain. These elevated fluid temperatures at shallow depths provide thermal buoyance to drive seafloor seepage from the outcrop. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Global Undersea Res Unit, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Study Imaging & Dynam Earth, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wheat, CG (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Global Undersea Res Unit, POB 475, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM wheat@mbari.org; mmottl@soest.hawaii.edu; afisher@es.ucsc.edu; dkadko@rsmas.miami.edu; davis@nrcan.gc.ca; baker@pmel.noaa.gov RI Fisher, Andrew/A-1113-2016 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q12006 DI 10.1029/2004GC000700 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 881QB UT WOS:000225881600002 ER PT J AU de Gouw, J Warneke, C Holzinger, R Klupfel, T Williams, J AF de Gouw, J Warneke, C Holzinger, R Klupfel, T Williams, J TI Inter-comparison between airborne measurements of methanol, acetonitrile and acetone using two differently configured PTR-MS instruments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometry CY JAN, 2003 CL Igls, AUSTRIA DE proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry; volatile organic compounds; earth's atmosphere ID REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AMBIENT AIR; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; OXIDATION AB Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has emerged as a useful tool to study the atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The technique combines a fast response time with a low detection limit, and allows atmospheric measurements of many important VOCs and their oxidation products. Here, we inter-compare the results obtained with two differently configured PTR-MS instruments operated onboard a Falcon aircraft during the Mediterranean Intensive Oxidants Study (MINOS) campaign in the Mediterranean region. One PTR-MS was operated at a drift tube pressure of 2.3 mbar and an electric field divided by gas number density value (E/N) of 120 Td for the detection of VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons. The other PTR-MS was operated at an increased pressure of 2.8 mbar and a reduced E/N of 97 Td for the detection of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). As a consequence, more H3O+(H2O)(n) cluster ions were present in the drift tube, which undergo proton-transfer reactions with VOCs similar to H3O+ ions. The results for methanol (CH3OH), acetonitrile (CH3CN) and acetone (CH3COCH3) obtained with the instruments compared very well. The agreement between the two results was relatively independent of the ambient mixing ratio of water, which influences the H3O+(H2O)(n) cluster ion distribution, and of ozone, which has been implicated in the artificial formation of aldehydes and ketones. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, Mainz, Germany. RP de Gouw, J (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway R-AL7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 239 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.07.025 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 881XG UT WOS:000225902200007 ER PT J AU Cai, M Langford, SC Levine, LE Dickinson, JT AF Cai, M Langford, SC Levine, LE Dickinson, JT TI Determination of strain localization in aluminum alloys using laser-induced photoelectron emission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSTIMULATED EXOELECTRON EMISSION; DEFORMATION ENHANCED PHOTOEMISSION; EXO-ELECTRON EMISSION; TENSILE DEFORMATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; THERMAL-OXIDATION; METAL DEFORMATION; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; FATIGUE DAMAGE; OXIDE FILMS AB Uniaxial tensile deformation of oxidized aluminum produces low work-function patches of fresh metal which can be probed by measurements of photoelectron emission during exposure to ultraviolet light. We report measurements of photoelectron emission during uniaxial testing of polycrystalline Al(1200), Al-Mn(3003), Al-Mg(5052), and Al-Mg-Si(6061) alloys where the broad face of the gauge section is exposed to pulsed excimer laser radiation (248 nm). We show that strain localization alters the distribution of fresh surface metal produced by subsequent deformation. The transition from more homogenous deformation to the principally localized deformation associated with shear bands is associated with a discontinuity in the growth rate of photoelectron intensities versus time. At this transition, the rate of fresh metal production along the illuminated portion of gauge section decreases. In all four materials, the strain at the discontinuity is somewhat below the strain given by the Considere criterion, consistent with the role of microstructural effects in strain localization. We suggest that these photoelectron measurements constrain quantitative models of strain localization. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickinson, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtd@wsu.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7189 EP 7194 DI 10.1063/1.1814420 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400035 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JDR Hase, TPA Tanner, BK Powell, CJ Egelhoff, WF AF Buchanan, JDR Hase, TPA Tanner, BK Powell, CJ Egelhoff, WF TI Interface intermixing and in-plane grain size in aluminum transition-metal bilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS AB The correlation between grain size and intermixing in sputter-deposited bilayers of the form X/Al and Al/X (where X=Ta, W, Ir, and Os) has been investigated by in-plane grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction. We have found no correlation between grain size and intermixing at the interface and our data provide strong evidence against the postulate that the asymmetry in intermixing arises from the Harrison type-C mechanism of fast diffusion along grain boundaries or dislocations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Buchanan, JDR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM j.d.r.buchanan@durham.ac.uk NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7278 EP 7282 DI 10.1063/1.1818715 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400048 ER PT J AU Sayan, S Emge, T Garfunkel, E Zhao, XY Wielunski, L Bartynski, RA Vanderbilt, D Suehle, JS Suzer, S Banaszak-Holl, M AF Sayan, S Emge, T Garfunkel, E Zhao, XY Wielunski, L Bartynski, RA Vanderbilt, D Suehle, JS Suzer, S Banaszak-Holl, M TI Band alignment issues related to HfO2/SiO2/p-Si gate stacks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BINDING-ENERGY; HAFNIUM OXIDE; CORE-LEVEL; HFO2 FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; DIELECTRICS; OFFSETS; RH(111); VALENCE AB The valence and conduction band densities of states for the HfO2/SiO2/Si structure are determined by soft x-ray photoemission and inverse photoemission. First principles calculations are used to help in assigning valence band maxima and conduction band minima. The energies of defect states at the band edges are estimated by comparing the theoretical and experimental results. Determinations of the local surface potentials before and after a forming gas anneal are used to help determine the possible location of the charge in the film. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Chem, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sayan, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 939, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM garf@rutchem.rutgers.edu NR 28 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7485 EP 7491 DI 10.1063/1.1803107 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400083 ER PT J AU Horvath, P Rozsa, K Gallagher, A AF Horvath, P Rozsa, K Gallagher, A TI Production of higher silanes in radio frequency SiH4 and H-2-SiH4 plasmas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; CHEMISTRY AB Stable gases produced in SiH4 and H-2-SiH4, capacitively coupled rf discharges operated at typical device-production conditions, were investigated by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The production of disilane and trisilane and the depletion of silane and pressure change were measured during consecutive short discharges. Dissociation rate constants and branching ratios for higher-silane production are obtained from the time-dependent densities. The influence of suspended Si particles on stable-gas production is found to be negligible, by changing the duration of individual discharges and thereby the particle densities and sizes. We have also observed pyrolitic decay of disilane and trisilane at 200degreesC, although this is negligible under normal reactor conditions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Horvath, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM phorvath@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7660 EP 7664 DI 10.1063/1.1786666 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400109 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM Hourdakis, E Ono, Y Fujiwara, A Takahashi, Y AF Zimmerman, NM Hourdakis, E Ono, Y Fujiwara, A Takahashi, Y TI Error mechanisms and rates in tunable-barrier single-electron turnstiles and charge-coupled devices (vol 96, pg 5254, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab,Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NTT Corp, Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab,Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org RI Fujiwara, Akira/A-6648-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7759 EP 7759 DI 10.1063/1.1839884 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400125 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE Tarek, M Tobias, DJ AF Curtis, JE Tarek, M Tobias, DJ TI Methyl group dynamics as a probe of the protein dynamical transition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GLASS-TRANSITION; HYDRATION WATER; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; SIMULATION; MYOGLOBIN; MOSSBAUER C1 Univ Henri Poincare, CNRS, Equipe Dynam Assemblages Membranaires, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Tobias, DJ (reprint author), Univ Henri Poincare, CNRS, Equipe Dynam Assemblages Membranaires, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM dtobias@uci.edu RI Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 49 BP 15928 EP 15929 DI 10.1021/ja0480623 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879DQ UT WOS:000225697000002 PM 15584703 ER PT J AU Lim, P Wuenschell, GE Holland, V Lee, DH Pfeifer, GP Rodriguez, H Termini, J AF Lim, P Wuenschell, GE Holland, V Lee, DH Pfeifer, GP Rodriguez, H Termini, J TI Peroxyl radical mediated oxidative DNA base damage: Implications for lipid peroxidation induced mutagenesis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ERRORS IN-VIVO; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEMICAL DETERMINATION; MECHANISTIC ASPECTS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; POTENT SOURCES; BLOOD-CELLS; OXYGEN AB Endogenous DNA damage induced by lipid peroxidation is believed to play a critical role in carcinogenesis. Lipid peroxidation generates free radical intermediates (primarily peroxyl radicals, ROO.) and electrophilic aldehydes as the principal genotoxicants. Although detailed information is available on the role of aldehyde base adducts in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, the contribution of peroxyl radical mediated DNA base damage is less well understood. In the present study we have mapped oxidative base damage induced by peroxyl radicals in the supF IRNA gene and correlated this information with peroxidation-induced mutations in several human fibroblast cell lines. Nearly identical patterns of oxidative base damage were obtained from reaction of DNA with either peroxidizing arachidonic acid (20:4omega6) or peroxyl radicals generated by thermolysis of ABIP in the presence of oxygen. Oxidative base damage primarily occurred at G and C. Transversions at GC base pairs in the supF gene were the major base substitution detected in all cell lines. Peroxyl radical induced tandem mutations were also observed. Many mutation hot spots coincided with sites of mapped oxidative lesions, although in some cases hot spots occurred adjacent to the damaged base. Evidence is presented for the involvement of 8-oxodG in the oxidation of DNA by ROO.. These results are used to interpret some key features of previously published mutation spectra induced by lipid peroxidation in human cells. C1 Beckman Res Inst, Div Mol Biol & Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Termini, J (reprint author), Beckman Res Inst, Div Mol Biol & Biol, 1450 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM jtermini@coh.org FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59219] NR 67 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 49 BP 15339 EP 15348 DI 10.1021/bi048276x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 878UJ UT WOS:000225672300005 PM 15581346 ER PT J AU Yu, LJ McDowell, LM Poliks, B Studelska, DR Cao, CY Potter, GS Schaefer, J Song, FH Stivers, JT AF Yu, LJ McDowell, LM Poliks, B Studelska, DR Cao, CY Potter, GS Schaefer, J Song, FH Stivers, JT TI Recognition of an unnatural difluorophenyl nucleotide by uracil DNA glycosylase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE NMR; SOLID-STATE NMR; RANGE DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; AROMATIC C-NUCLEOSIDES; ROTATIONAL-ECHO; TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID; FLIPPING MECHANISM; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; PROTON-EXCHANGE; FREE-ENERGY AB The DNA repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) utilizes base flipping to recognize and remove unwanted uracil bases from the genome but does not react with its structural congener, thymine, which differs by a single methyl group. Two factors that determine whether an enzyme flips a base from the duplex are its shape and hydrogen bonding properties. To probe the role of these factors in uracil recognition by UDG, we have synthesized a DNA duplex that contains a single difluorophenyl (F) nucleotide analogue that is an excellent isostere of uracil but possesses no hydrogen bond donor or acceptor groups. By using binding affinity measurements, solution F-19 NMR, and solid state P-31{F-19} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR measurements, we establish that UDG partially unstacks F from the duplex. However, due to the lack of hydrogen bonding groups that are required to support an open-to-closed conformational transition in UDG, F cannot stably dock in the UDG active site. We propose that F attains a metastable unstacked state that mimics a previously detected intermediate on the uracil-flipping pathway and suggest structural models of the metastable state that are consistent with the REDOR NMR measurements. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Stivers, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jstivers@jhmi.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 49 BP 15429 EP 15438 DI 10.1021/bi0483864 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 878UJ UT WOS:000225672300013 ER PT J AU Li, J Subramanian, MA Rosenfeld, HD Jones, CY Toby, BH Sleight, AW AF Li, J Subramanian, MA Rosenfeld, HD Jones, CY Toby, BH Sleight, AW TI Clues to the giant dielectric constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 in the defect structure of "SrCu3Ti4O12" SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE; COPPER C1 DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Subramanian, MA (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM Mas.Subramanian@usa.dupont.com; arthur.sleight@orst.edu RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 11 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 25 BP 5223 EP 5225 DI 10.1021/cm048345u PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 879HD UT WOS:000225706100004 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Fawcett, ID Greenblattt, M AF Bendersky, LA Fawcett, ID Greenblattt, M TI TEM study of two-dimensional incommensurate modulationin layered La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 (0.6 < x < 0.8) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANESE OXIDES; CHARGE; NI4MO; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; MANGANITES; MANGANATES; MODELS; ORDER; LN AB Ruddlesden-Popper n = 2 compounds La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 with 0.6 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.8 were synthesized by a citrate gel technique and studied by transmission electron microscopy. Electron diffraction identified the presence of eight satellite reflections around fundamental spots of the basic tetragonal I4/mmm structure. The satellite reflections belong to two sets of two-dimensional incommensurate modulation, and the sets are rotated with respect to each other around [001] by similar to29degrees. The modulation is sensitive to electron-beam irradiation and rapidly degrades under a focused beam. In situ heating experiments indicated the existence of possible tetragonal-to-incommensurate phase transition around 350degreesC, although the presence of the modulation persists up to 500degreesC. High-resolution imaging proves that the modulation in the real space is truly two-dimensional and incommensurate and not a combination of one-dimensional commensurate modulations. Such modulation has never been observed before for La-Ca-Mn-O or any other perovskite system. The best approximation of the incommensurate superstructure is by a commensurate lattice a(x)'= a(xt) + 2a(yt); a(y)' = -2a(xt) + a(yt); c' = c(t) (a(xt), a(yt), c(t): lattice vectors of the tetragonal I4/mmm; a(x)', a(y)', c': lattice vectors of the proposed approximant). Such superstructure could be satisfied with a 4:1 two-dimensional ordering in a (001) plane. For the studied compositions, such 4:1 ordering is plausibly described by charge ordering between Mn4+ and Mn3+ ions. Structural models of the charge ordering between Mn4+ and Mn3+ ions are suggested. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8554, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 25 BP 5304 EP 5310 DI 10.1021/cm049927e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 879HD UT WOS:000225706100014 ER PT J AU Huebert, BJ Blomquist, BW Hare, JE Fairall, CW Johnson, JE Bates, TS AF Huebert, BJ Blomquist, BW Hare, JE Fairall, CW Johnson, JE Bates, TS TI Measurement of the sea-air DMS flux and transfer velocity using eddy correlation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-EXCHANGE; PARAMETERIZATION; SULFUR AB We report the successful eddy-correlation (EC) measurement of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes using an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS). Calculated hourly transfer velocities span the range of two widely used parameterizations. The results suggest that factors in addition to wind speed also control the flux, but some of the scatter in each wind speed interval is no doubt due to measurement uncertainties. We can at last measure the flux of a marine biogenic gas on a time scale of tens of minutes, with an accuracy of tens of percent. This enables investigations into the physical controls of air-sea gas transfer common to many important trace gas species. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Huebert, BJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM huebert@hawaii.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 NR 19 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23113 DI 10.1029/2004GL021567 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881QC UT WOS:000225881800008 ER PT J AU Green, JC Onsager, TG O'Brien, TP Baker, DN AF Green, JC Onsager, TG O'Brien, TP Baker, DN TI Testing loss mechanisms capable of rapidly depleting relativistic electron flux in the Earth's outer radiation belt SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic electrons; radiation belts; electron losses; adiabatic motion; electron flux ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; EMIC WAVES; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; SCATTERING; DIFFUSION AB We investigate how relativistic electrons are lost from the Earth's magnetosphere in order to better understand the dynamic variability of the radiation belts. We identify 52 events where the >2 MeV electron flux at geostationary orbit decreases rapidly and use a superposed epoch analysis of multispacecraft data to characterize the accompanying solar wind and geomagnetic conditions and examine the relevance of potential loss mechanisms. The results show that the flux decrease events follow a common sequence. The electron flux is reduced first in the dusk sector concurrent with the stretching of the magnetic field to a more tail-like configuration. The extreme stretching at dusk is caused by the formation of a partial ring current driven by changing solar wind conditions. We investigate three possible causes of the ensuing flux decrease: adiabatic electron motion in response to the changing magnetic field topology, drift out the magnetopause boundary, and precipitation into the atmosphere. The analysis reveals that the flux depletion is likely due to enhanced precipitation into the atmosphere, but the exact cause of the enhanced precipitation is still uncertain. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM janet.green@lasp.colorado.edu NR 33 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12211 DI 10.1029/2004JA010579 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 881QR UT WOS:000225883600001 ER PT J AU da Silva, FCS Uhlig, WC Kos, AB Schima, S Aumentado, J Unguris, J Pappas, DP AF da Silva, FCS Uhlig, WC Kos, AB Schima, S Aumentado, J Unguris, J Pappas, DP TI Zigzag-shaped magnetic sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELDS AB Magnetism in zigzag-shaped thin-film elements is investigated using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis, magnetotransport measurements, and micromagnetic simulations. We find that the angle of magnetization alternates along the length of the element, and is strongly correlated to the corrugated edges. We show that this simple and unique geometry can be used as a single-axis magnetic field sensor. In this configuration, the sensors are primarily sensitive to fields parallel to the applied current. Our results can be interpreted in terms of a coherent rotation model of the magnetization. These devices are scalable to nanometer dimensions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP da Silva, FCS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.pappas@boulder.nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 24 BP 6022 EP 6024 DI 10.1063/1.1834732 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AZ UT WOS:000225620200069 ER PT J AU Legeckis, R Brown, CW Bonjean, F Johnson, ES AF Legeckis, R Brown, CW Bonjean, F Johnson, ES TI The influence of tropical instability waves on phytoplankton blooms in the wake of the Marquesas Islands during 1998 and on the currents observed during the drift of the Kon-Tiki in 1947 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SATELLITE AB During 1998, five episodes of elevated chlorophyll concentration are observed in the Pacific around the Marquesas Islands (140degreesW, 10degreesS) in SeaWiFS ocean color observations. Daily positions of geostationary satellite sea surface temperature fronts reveal the influence of the westward propagating tropical instability waves as narrow temperature fronts that extend far to the south of the equator and intersect the nutrient rich waters of the Marquesas. Because the upwelled equatorial waters are rich in iron, phytoplankton blooms are produced and are advected downstream by the South Equatorial Current. Previous studies attributed the blooms to local sources of iron and the interaction of the Marquesas with the South Equatorial Current. The satellite observations suggest that the currents that produced the phytoplankton blooms may have diverted the Kon-Tiki southward in 1947 as described by Thor Heyerdahl. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. RP Legeckis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Mail Code E-RA-31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Legeckis@noaa.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; Legeckis, Richard/F-5604-2010 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23307 DI 10.1029/2004GL021637 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PE UT WOS:000225879000009 ER PT J AU Nazieva, YM Bashirov, MM Abdulagatov, IM AF Nazieva, YM Bashirov, MM Abdulagatov, IM TI High-temperature and high-pressure experiemental thermal conductivity for the pure methanol and binary systems methonal plus n-propanol, methanol plus n-octanol, and methanol plus n-undecanol SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE excess thermal conductivity; methanol; methanol plus n-propanol; methanol plus n-octanol; methanol plus n-undecanol; thermal conductivity ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; ALCOHOLS; SERIES AB Thermal conductivity of pure methanol and three mixtures, methanol +n-propanol. methanol +n-octanol. and methanol =n-undecanol, has been measured with a cylindrical tricalorimeter technique (lambda-calorimeter). Measurements were made at nine isobars. 0.1013, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa. The range of temperatures was from 290 to 603 K. For each binary system, the measurements were made for three compositions: 25, 50, and 75 mass%. The total uncertainty of thermal conductivity. pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements was estimated to be less than 1.93%, 0.05%. 30 mK, and 0.001 mole fraction, respectively. The reliability and accuracy of the experimental method was confirmed with measurements on pure methanol for nine isobars. 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Mpa, and at temperatures between 292 and 601 K. The present experimental data and the data reported by other authors for the thermal conductivity of pure methanol show excellent agreement within their experimental uncertainty (AAD is about 0.5-0.7%). Excess thermal conductivities were derived using measured values of thermal conductivity for the mixtures and for pure components covering the whole range of composition. A correlation equation for excess thermal conductivity was obtained as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition by a least-squares method from the experimental data. The AAD between measured and calculated values from this correlation equation for. the thermal conductivity was 1% for the mixtures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Baku, Azerbaijan. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geothermal Problems, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 226 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2004.08.033 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 886OC UT WOS:000226237200025 ER PT J AU Barreiro, M Chang, P AF Barreiro, M Chang, P TI A linear tendency correction technique for improving seasonal prediction of SST SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB A methodology is presented to linearly correct the tendency of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in a coupled model. Using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to a slab ocean as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the linear correction methodology in improving the model's skill predicting SST in the tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring. For this particular coupled model, the correction mainly takes into consideration the linear ocean dynamics absent in the slab ocean, thereby improving the skill in the tropical south and equatorial Atlantic. The corrected coupled model is further shown to produce a skillful rainfall forecast in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) region during the boreal spring. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Barreiro, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM barreiro@princeton.edu; ping@ocean.tamu.edu RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23209 DI 10.1029/2004GL021148 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PD UT WOS:000225878900007 ER PT J AU Ignatov, A Laszlo, I Harrod, ED Kidwell, KB Goodrum, GP AF Ignatov, A Laszlo, I Harrod, ED Kidwell, KB Goodrum, GP TI Equator crossing times for NOAA, ERS and EOS sun-synchronous satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; AVHRR; DRIFT AB The local Equator Crossing Times (EXT) of the 13 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) platforms (TIROS-N and NOAA-6 through -17) flown from 1978 until the present have been summarized as a function of time and approximated analytically. The fit equations accurately reconstruct all past EXTs to within +/- 2 min and also allow extrapolation in time, thus providing a useful insight into the phenomenology of its evolution. The EXTs of the three European Research Satellites (ERS: ERS1, ERS2 and Envisat) and two Earth Observing System satellites (EOS: Terra and Aqua) are also presented. In contrast to the NOAA platforms, the ERS/EOS orbits are adjusted in-flight. This makes an analytical fit to the resulting man-made EXTs impractical, and less needed as the EXTs are more stable. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite Data Proc & Distribut, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA1,Room 603,WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 23 BP 5255 EP 5266 DI 10.1080/01431160410001712981 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 877LJ UT WOS:000225571800004 ER PT J AU Argyriou, DN Ruett, U Adams, CP Lynn, JW Mitchell, JF AF Argyriou, DN Ruett, U Adams, CP Lynn, JW Mitchell, JF TI Phase separation in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO0.3: a case of weak quenched disorder SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; RAY DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; SEGREGATION AB Phase separation (PS) in manganites has been suggested to arise as a consequence of quenched disorder due to the size mismatch of the A-site cations in the perovskite lattice. In this paper, we have used single crystal x-ray and in-field neutron diffraction measurements to investigate PS in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, a compound with weak quenched disorder. Above the charge/ordering transition, our measurements show CE-type clusters with a coherence length of similar to 20 Angstrom. At T-CE = 220 K the coherence length of the diffuse scattering diverges as a long-range ordered CE state is formed. Concurrently, the Huang scattering abruptly decreases at T-CE as the diffuse CE-type reflections develop into Bragg reflections, suggesting that the transition to the CE-state is of the disorder - order type. Our neutron measurements of the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, show the presence of FM 200 Angstrom clusters coexisting with long range AF and FM phases. Application of field after zero-field-cooling leads to the reduction of the diffuse FM scattering. We argue that PS in this compound arises as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller strain from Mn3+ centres that act like quenched disorder. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Argyriou, DN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM argyriou@hmi.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 195 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/195 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 879PI UT WOS:000225729300002 ER PT J AU Lawes, G Kenzelmann, M Rogado, N Kim, KH Jorge, GA Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Harris, AB Yildirim, T Huang, QZ Park, S Broholm, C Ramirez, AP AF Lawes, G Kenzelmann, M Rogado, N Kim, KH Jorge, GA Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Harris, AB Yildirim, T Huang, QZ Park, S Broholm, C Ramirez, AP TI Competing magnetic phases on a kagome staircase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FLUCTUATIONS; NI3V2O8; CO3V2O8; ORDER AB We present thermodynamic and neutron data on Ni3V2O8, a spin-1 system on a kagome staircase. The extreme degeneracy of the kagome antiferromagnet is lifted to produce two incommensurate phases at finite T-one amplitude modulated, the other helical-plus a commensurate canted antiferromagnet for T-->0. The H-T phase diagram is described by a model of competing first and second neighbor interactions with smaller anisotropic terms. Ni3V2O8 thus provides an elegant example of order from subleading interactions in a highly frustrated system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 18 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 247201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.247201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100073 PM 15697855 ER PT J AU Pikitch, EK Santora, C Babcock, E Bakun, A Bonfil, R Conover, D Dayton, P Doukakis, P Fluharty, D Heneman, B Houde, E Livingston, P Mangel, M McAllister, M Pope, J Sainsbury, K AF Pikitch, EK Santora, C Babcock, E Bakun, A Bonfil, R Conover, D Dayton, P Doukakis, P Fluharty, D Heneman, B Houde, E Livingston, P Mangel, M McAllister, M Pope, J Sainsbury, K TI Fishery management and cutting - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10022 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Commonweal Ocean Policy Program, Bolinas, CA 94924 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BP, England. Natl Res Council Europe Ltd, Norfolk NR34 0BT, England. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Pikitch, EK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, 126 E 56th St, New York, NY 10022 USA. RI Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012; Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013; Bonfil, Ramon/K-1226-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5703 BP 1892 EP 1892 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879DC UT WOS:000225695600023 ER PT J AU Trainor, TP Chaka, AM Eng, PJ Newville, M Waychunas, GA Catalano, JG Brown, GE AF Trainor, TP Chaka, AM Eng, PJ Newville, M Waychunas, GA Catalano, JG Brown, GE TI Structure and reactivity of the hydrated hematite (0001) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; OXIDE SURFACES; IN-SITU; ALPHA-AL2O3; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001); PB(II); INTERFACES AB The structure of the hydroxylated hematite (0 0 0 1) surface was investigated using crystal truncation rod diffraction and density functional theory. The combined experimental and theoretical results suggest that the surface is dominated by two hydroxyl moieties-hydroxyls that are singly coordinated and doubly coordinated with Fe. The results are consistent with the formation of distinct domains of these surface species; one corresponding to the hydroxylation of the surface Fe-cation predicted to be most stable under UHV conditions, and the second a complete removal of this surface Fe species leaving the hydroxylated oxygen layer. Furthermore, our results indicate that the hydroxylated hematite surface structures are significantly more stable than their dehydroxylated counterparts at high water partial pressures, and this transition in stability occurs at water pressures orders of magnitude below the same transition for alpha-alumina. These results explain the observed differences in reactivity of hematite and alumina (0 0 0 1) surfaces with respect to water and binding of aqueous metal cations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biochem & Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biochem & Chem, POB 756160, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fftpt@uaf.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 55 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 10 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 573 IS 2 BP 204 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.09.040 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877YR UT WOS:000225612600010 ER PT J AU Aray, Y Rodriguez, J Coll, DS Gonzalez, C Marquez, M AF Aray, Y Rodriguez, J Coll, DS Gonzalez, C Marquez, M TI Exploring the nature of wetting by water of surfaces of alkane-amidethiols adsorbed on gold using the electrostatic potential topology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULES; FILMS; WETTABILITY; HYDRATION; DENSITY; IMPLEMENTATION; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; ETHERS AB The nature of the interaction of water molecules with the surface of a set of experimentally well-studied alkane-amidethiols adsorbed on a gold(111) surface and its effect on the water contact angle have been studied by carrying out a systematic determination of the topology of electrostatic potential using ab initio density functional theory methods for periodic systems. The obtained results have shown that the water contact angle decreases systematically as the number of minima by surface cell unit and the electrostatic potential magnitude at these minima, and consequently the adsorption strength, increases. Thus, this electrostatic potential magnitude can be used as a measure of the efficiency and ability of a chemical group for wetting of a surface by water. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM yaray@ivic.ve NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 18942 EP 18948 DI 10.1021/jp047278o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700025 ER PT J AU Walker, SL Baker, ET Massoth, GJ Hey, RN AF Walker, SL Baker, ET Massoth, GJ Hey, RN TI Short-term variations in the distribution of hydrothermal plumes along a superfast spreading center, East Pacific Rise, 27 degrees 30 '-32 degrees 20 ' S SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE East Pacific Rise; hydrothermal plumes; mapping; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; tectonophysics : hydrothermal systems; volcanology : hydrothermal systems ID APPARENT MAGMATIC BUDGET; INDIAN RIDGE; FUCA RIDGE; JUAN AB A multidisciplinary expedition to the southern East Pacific Rise (27degrees30'-32degrees20'S) provided an opportunity to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of two methods for mapping hydrothermal plumes: the standard conductivity-temperature-depth-optical (CTDO) tow-yo method and a towed fixed array of hydrographic and optical sensors (Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorders (MAPRs)). Six second-order segments were mapped twice: once with CTDO tow-yos, and then again with a fixed array of MAPRs attached to the cable of a deep-towed side-scan sonar. We found a high degree of overall agreement between the two methods in both the distribution and optical intensity of hydrothermal plumes. Between-survey differences increased as time between surveys increased from <0.5 to >6 days, presumably because of advection of the plumes by local currents. Plume locations changed by as much as similar to10 km, implying a confidence limit in predicting vent site location using segment-scale hydrothermal plume surveys. Towed MAPR arrays proved an efficient and effective method for acquiring coregistered geological and hydrothermal plume data. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sharon.l.walker@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q12005 DI 10.1029/2004GC000789 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 881OZ UT WOS:000225878500005 ER PT J AU Hudman, RC Jacob, DJ Cooper, OR Evans, MJ Heald, CL Park, RJ Fehsenfeld, F Flocke, F Holloway, J Hubler, G Kita, K Koike, M Kondo, Y Neuman, A Nowak, J Oltmans, S Parrish, D Roberts, JM Ryerson, T AF Hudman, RC Jacob, DJ Cooper, OR Evans, MJ Heald, CL Park, RJ Fehsenfeld, F Flocke, F Holloway, J Hubler, G Kita, K Koike, M Kondo, Y Neuman, A Nowak, J Oltmans, S Parrish, D Roberts, JM Ryerson, T TI Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; Asian pollution; ITCT 2K2; PEACE-B; transpacific transport ID INCREASING BACKGROUND OZONE; EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; TRANS-PACIFIC TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; REACTIVE NITROGEN; SURFACE OZONE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB We examine the ozone production efficiency in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, and the implications for ozone air quality in California, by using aircraft and surface observations in April-May 2002 from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) campaign off the California coast and the Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission-B (PEACE-B) campaign over the northwest Pacific. The observations are interpreted with a global three-dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM). The model reproduces the mean features observed for CO, reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy), and ozone but underestimates the strong (similar to20 ppbv) stratospheric contribution to ozone in the middle troposphere. The ITCT 2K2 aircraft sampled two major transpacific Asian pollution plumes, one on 5 May at 5-8 km altitude with CO up to 275 ppbv but no elevated ozone and one on 17 May at 2.5-4 km altitude with CO up to 225 ppbv and ozone up to 90 ppbv. We show that the elevated ozone in the latter plume is consistent with production from peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition during subsidence of the plume over the northeast Pacific. This production is particularly efficient because of the strong radiation and low humidity of the subsiding environment. We argue that such PAN decomposition represents a major and possibly dominant component of the ozone enhancement in transpacific Asian pollution plumes. Strong dilution of Asian pollution plumes takes place during entrainment in the U. S. boundary layer, greatly reducing their impact at U. S. surface sites. California mountain sites are more sensitive to Asian pollution because of their exposure to the free troposphere. Model results indicate a mean Asian pollution enhancement of 7 ppbv ozone at Sequoia National Park in May 2002 on those days when the 8-hour average ozone concentration exceeded 80 ppbv. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall G3G,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hudman@fas.harvard.edu; djj@io.harvard.edu; ocooper@al.noaa.gov; mat@env.leeds.ac.uk; heald@fas.harvard.edu; rjp@io.harvard.edu; fcf@al.noaa.gov; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; jholloway@al.noaa.gov; gerd@al.noaa.gov; kita@env.sci.ibaraki.ac.jp; koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; neuman@al.noaa.gov; jnowak@al.noaa.gov; samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov; dparrish@al.noaa.gov; james.m.roberts@noaa.gov; tryerson@al.noaa.gov RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234 NR 67 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S10 DI 10.1029/2004JD004974 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PI UT WOS:000225879400003 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Dunlea, EJ Atlas, EL Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Stroud, V Goldstein, AH Millet, DB McKay, M Jaffe, DA Price, HU Hess, PG Flocke, F Roberts, JM AF Parrish, DD Dunlea, EJ Atlas, EL Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Stroud, V Goldstein, AH Millet, DB McKay, M Jaffe, DA Price, HU Hess, PG Flocke, F Roberts, JM TI Changes in the photochemical environment of the temperate North Pacific troposphere in response to increased Asian emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; photochemistry; troposphere ID PEM-WEST-B; OZONE PHOTOCHEMISTRY; AIR MASSES; POINT-ARENA; TRACE-P; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS AB Measurements during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) field study characterized the springtime, eastern Pacific ozone distribution at two ground sites, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft, and from a light aircraft operated by the University of Washington. D. Jaffe and colleagues compared the 2002 ozone distribution with measurements made in the region over the two previous decades and show that average ozone levels over the eastern midlatitude Pacific have systematically increased by similar to10 ppbv in the last two decades. Here we provide substantial evidence that a marked change in the photochemical environment in the springtime troposphere of the North Pacific is responsible for this increased O-3. This change is evidenced in the eastern North Pacific ITCT 2K2 study region by (1) larger increases in the minimum observed ozone levels compared to more modest increases in the maximum levels, (2) increased peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) levels that parallel trends in NOx emissions, and (3) decreased efficiency of photochemical O-3 destruction, i.e., less negative O-3 photochemical tendency (or net rate of O-3 photochemical production; P(O-3)). This changed photochemical environment is hypothesized to be due to anthropogenic emissions from Asia, which are believed to have substantially increased over the two decades preceding the study. We propose that their influence has changed the springtime Pacific tropospheric photochemistry from predominately ozone destroying to more nearly ozone producing. However, chemical transport model calculations indicate the possible influence of a confounding factor; unusual transport of tropical air to the western North Pacific during one early field study may have played a role in this apparent change in the photochemistry. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway R-AL4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov; edunlea@al.noaa.gov; eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu; sues@acd.ucar.edu; donnelly@ucar.edu; fridd@ucar.edu; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu; dylan@atmos.berkeley.edu; megan@nature.berkeley.edu; djaffe@u.washington.edu; hprice@u.washington.edu; hess@ncar.ucar.edu; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796 NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S18 DI 10.1029/2004GL004978 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PI UT WOS:000225879400005 ER PT J AU Deng, L Payne, MG Garrett, WR AF Deng, L Payne, MG Garrett, WR TI Inelastic wave mixing and multi-photon destructive interference based induced transparency in coherently prepared media SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE destructive interference; induced transparency; wave mixing; hyper-Raman ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; 4-PHOTON RESONANCE; PHASE; ENHANCEMENT; GENERATION; IONIZATION; REFRACTION AB We consider a multi-level medium initially prepared with a coherent superposition of two initial levels that are not directly dipole-coupled. We study the production of multi-wave mixing in the coherent medium, where the process begins on one and terminates on the other of the two prepared levels. We find that a new type of wave mixing field can be efficiently generated in such a system with characteristics of both conventional four-wave mixing and stimulated hyper-Raman emission. We also show that two multi-photon destructive interferences build up simultaneously, leading to simultaneous reduction of the attenuation of the pump and wave-mixing fields. As a consequence a pair of ultra slow, temporally and group-velocity matched pump and wave-mixing fields can be generated. This type of multi-photon induced transparency and its consequences are qualitatively different from the conventional EIT where the destructive interference occurs between two single photon channels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 242 IS 4-6 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.09.005 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 879ZC UT WOS:000225757000037 ER PT J AU Gage, KS Clark, WL Williams, CR Tokay, A AF Gage, KS Clark, WL Williams, CR Tokay, A TI Determining reflectivity measurement error from serial measurements using paired disdrometers and profilers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD AB Serial reflectivity measurements from paired instruments are examined during two field campaigns in order to examine the precision of the measurements. The instruments studied are two collocated Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers (JWD) at Wallops Island, VA and two collocated profilers deployed at Ji-Parana, Brazil during Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment. Differencing the measured reflectivity from the instrument pairs eliminated most of the temporal and large-scale precipitation variability, reducing the error fluctuations to those of the instrument precision plus fluctuations due to precipitation variability over the small differences in sample volume and distances between the instruments. For both pairs of calibrated instruments we found that the observed time-series of one-minute dBZ differences were not autocorrelated and exhibited a Gaussian-like distribution. Consequently, the difference time-series could be meaningfully characterized by their standard statistics, including the rms difference or standard deviation, and the standard error about the mean. While the disdrometer pair exhibited an rms difference of 2.1 dBZ, a standard error about the mean of less than 0.1 dBZ for the 12-hour rain event was achieved. The profiler pair exhibited an rms difference of 0.4 dBZ, with a standard error of only 0.05 dBZ for the 90-minute stratiform rain event. Since it is currently difficult to routinely calibrate radars in an absolute sense to better than 1-3 dBZ, the precisions of a few tenths of a dBZ obtained here suggest the potential for substantially improving these calibrations, and open the door to examination of subtle sampling and stability effects. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kgage@al.noaa.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23107 DI 10.1029/2004GL020591 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PA UT WOS:000225878600003 ER PT J AU Neuman, JA Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Brock, CA Wiedinmyer, C Frost, GJ Holloway, JS Fehsenfeld, FC AF Neuman, JA Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Brock, CA Wiedinmyer, C Frost, GJ Holloway, JS Fehsenfeld, FC TI Nitric acid loss rates measured in power plant plumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitric acid; depositional loss; power plant plume ID DRY DEPOSITION; PARTICLE GROWTH; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE FORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; URBAN; TEXAS; HNO3; TRANSPORT; REMOVAL AB Measurements of HNO3, NOx, NOy, and CO2 in the plumes from electric utility power plants located in eastern Texas are used to determine the HNO3 loss rates in the planetary boundary layer during plume transport. These 1 Hz measurements were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Electra aircraft flying on clear afternoons in a well-mixed planetary boundary layer during the Texas Air Quality Study in August and September of 2000. The analysis uses data obtained in 48 crosswind transects of plumes from seven different power plants on six flight days. The NOx lifetime was found to vary from 1.3 to 3.1 hours in these plumes, indicating that the measurements were obtained during periods of rapid photochemical activity. The HNO3 loss rate was 0.45 +/- 0.21 hour(-1) in power plant plumes that were advected over rural regions. Particle size distributions measured in the plumes indicated that gas phase HNO3 was not lost to particle formation. Meteorological effects and land use were also investigated as possible causes for the observed HNO3 loss rates, which were insensitive to the land cover and measured wind speeds and boundary layer heights. The HNO3 loss rate measured in most plumes was more than 4 times greater than what is calculated from deposition velocities and the measured boundary layer height. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23304 DI 10.1029/2004JD005092 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PH UT WOS:000225879300004 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Hughes, WJ Singer, HJ AF Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Hughes, WJ Singer, HJ TI A statistical study of the global structure of the ring current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ring current; CRRES; magnetic storms ID MAGNETOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND PRESSURE; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; STORMS; DST; SUBSTORM AB In this paper we derive the average configuration of the ring current as a function of the state of the magnetosphere as indicated by the Dst index. We sort magnetic field data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) by spatial location and by the Dst index in order to produce magnetic field maps. From these maps we calculate local current systems by taking the curl of the magnetic field. We find both the westward (outer) and the eastward (inner) components of the ring current. We find that the ring current intensity varies linearly with Dst as expected and that the ring current is asymmetric for all Dst values. The azimuthal peak of the ring current is located in the afternoon sector for quiet conditions and near midnight for disturbed conditions. The ring current also moves closer to the Earth during disturbed conditions. We attempt to recreate the Dst index by integrating the magnetic perturbations caused by the ring current. We find that we need to multiply our computed disturbance by a factor of 1.88 +/- 0.27 and add an offset of 3.84 +/- 4.33 nT in order to get optimal agreement with Dst. When taking into account a tail current contribution of roughly 25%, this agrees well with our expectation of a factor of 1.3 to 1.5 based on a partially conducting Earth. The offset that we have to add does not agree well with an expected offset of approximately 20 nT based on solar wind pressure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ajorg@lanl.gov RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12204 DI 10.1029/2003JA010090 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 881PS UT WOS:000225880500001 ER PT J AU Fahy, K Dunne, P McKinney, L O'Sullivan, G Sokell, E White, J Aguilar, A Pomeroy, JM Tan, JN Blagojevic, B LeBigot, EO Gillaspy, JD AF Fahy, K Dunne, P McKinney, L O'Sullivan, G Sokell, E White, J Aguilar, A Pomeroy, JM Tan, JN Blagojevic, B LeBigot, EO Gillaspy, JD TI UTA versus line emission for EUVL: studies on xenon emission at the NIST EBIT SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; HIGHLY IONIZED XENON; X-RAY SOURCE; LITHOGRAPHY; IONS; SPECTRA; CONFIGURATIONS; TRANSITIONS; RESONANCES AB Spectra from xenon ions have been recorded at the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) and the emission into a 2% bandwidth at 13.5 nm arising from 4d --> 5p transitions compared with those from 4d --> 4f and 4p --> 4d transitions in Xe XI and also with that obtained from the unresolved transition array (UTA) observed to peak just below I I nm. It was found that an improvement of a factor of 5 could be gained in photon yield using the UTA rather than the 4d --> 5p emission. The results are compared with atomic structure calculations and imply that a significant gain in efficiency should be obtained using tin, in which the emission at 13.5 nm comes from a similar UTA, rather than xenon, as an EUVL source material. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Ecole Normale Super, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. OI Sokell, Emma/0000-0002-7063-7205; Dunne, Padraig/0000-0001-7018-144X NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 23 BP 3225 EP 3232 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/23/003 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 882CC UT WOS:000225915200004 ER PT J AU Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Wight, S Dagata, JA AF Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Wight, S Dagata, JA TI Parallel writing on zirconium nitride thin films by local oxidation nanolithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; SILICON SURFACES; KINETICS; TITANIUM; ADHESION; BRIDGES; GROWTH; CHARGE AB Parallel pattern transfer of submicrometer-scale oxide features onto zirconium nitride thin films is reported. The oxidation reaction was verified by Auger microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Oxide features of similar to70 nm in height can be formed and selectively etched in a dilute aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution. This provides an interesting route to potential new applications for high-melting point, biocompatible surfaces that possess small feature sizes with controlled geometries. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Farkas, N (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM rex@uakron.edu RI Comer, Jeffrey/H-4453-2011 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5691 EP 5693 DI 10.1063/1.1833569 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100065 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Jugovich, AR Hare, JA AF Wuenschel, MJ Jugovich, AR Hare, JA TI Effect of temperature and salinity on the energetics of juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus): implications for nursery habitat value SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding; gross growth efficiency; growth; nursery habitat; salinity effects; temperature effects ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; CORAL-REEF FISH; NORTH-CAROLINA; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; BAY; RECRUITMENT; ESTUARIES; SURVIVAL AB Gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) encounter a wide range of temperatures and salinities in nearshore and estuarine juvenile habitats. The energetic response of juvenile gray snapper to temperature and salinity was measured in laboratory experiments to determine the influence of these physicochemical factors on the potential value of different juvenile nurseries. Maximum consumption and growth rates of juvenile (25-50 mm SL) gray snapper were determined in 12-day trials at 20 temperature/salinity combinations representing conditions in juvenile habitats. Ad libitum feeding level of individual fish was measured daily. Maximum weight specific feeding rate increased significantly with temperature and salinity; however, the effect of salinity was much less than that of temperature. Linear growth rate and specific growth rate both increased with temperature, and salinity did not have a significant effect on either. Gross growth efficiency (K-1, growthxconsumption(-1)*100) increased with temperature and was significantly lower at high salinities, indicating increased energetic costs. The higher K-1 at lower salinities has several implications for juvenile gray snapper in low salinity habitats: (1) they would need less food to achieve the same somatic growth as juveniles in high salinity habitats; (2) they would have higher growth at limited ration levels as compared to high salinity habitats; and (3) they would have less impact on prey populations than higher salinity habitats assuming similar gray snapper densities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Mark.Wuenschel@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 312 IS 2 BP 333 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.07.007 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 872AC UT WOS:000225176900008 ER PT J AU Gioli, B Miglietta, F De Martino, B Hutjes, RWA Dolman, HAJ Lindroth, A Schumacher, M Sanz, MJ Manca, G Peressotti, A Dumas, EJ AF Gioli, B Miglietta, F De Martino, B Hutjes, RWA Dolman, HAJ Lindroth, A Schumacher, M Sanz, MJ Manca, G Peressotti, A Dumas, EJ TI Comparison between tower and aircraft-based eddy covariance fluxes in five European regions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aircraft flux measurements; area-averaged fluxes; regional ecosystem exchange; flux divergence ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; BOREAL FOREST; SENSIBLE HEAT; LATENT-HEAT; CO2; FOOTPRINT; EXCHANGE; FLUXNET AB Airborne eddy covariance measurements provide a unique opportunity to directly measure surface energy, mass and momentum fluxes at the regional scale. This offers the possibility to complement the data that are obtained by the ground-based eddy covariance networks and to validate estimates of the surface fluxes that can be obtained by means of satellite products and models. The overall accuracy and the reliability of airborne eddy covariance measurements have already been assessed in the past for different platforms. More recently an international collaboration between several research laboratories and a European aeronautical manufacturer led to the development of a new small environmental research aircraft, called the Sky Arrow ERA (Environmental Research Aircraft). This aircraft has been used in the framework of the European Research Project RECAB (Regional Assessment and Modelling of the Carbon Balance in Europe), that is part of the CarboEurope projects cluster, to measure surface mass and energy exchange at five different European locations. An extensive comparison between airborne and ground-based flux data at seven flux measurement sites, showed the overall matching between airborne and tower data. While friction velocity and latent heat flux estimates made by airborne and tower data were comparable at all sites and under whatever conditions, substantial and consistent underestimation of CO2 (28% on average) and sensible heat fluxes (35% on average) was observed. Differences in the aircraft and tower footprint and flux divergence with height explained most of the discrepancies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Inst Biometeorol, IBIMET, I-50145 Florence, Italy. Alterra, NL-6701 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Geoenvironm Sci, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1085 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lund Univ, Swedish Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. CEAM, Parque Tecnol, Valencia 46980, Spain. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Prod Vegetale & Tecnol Agrarie, I-33100 Udine, Italy. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gioli, B (reprint author), CNR, Inst Biometeorol, IBIMET, Via G Caproni 8, I-50145 Florence, Italy. EM b.gioli@ibimet.cnr.it RI Miglietta, Franco/B-6137-2008; Gioli, Beniamino/A-1251-2009; Miglietta, Franco/A-1257-2009; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016 OI Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Miglietta, Franco/0000-0003-1474-8143; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 5 PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.08.004 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WY UT WOS:000225607000001 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Smith, DK Bohnenstiehl, DR Fox, CG Desbruyeres, D Matsumoto, H Tolstoy, M Fornari, DJ AF Dziak, RP Smith, DK Bohnenstiehl, DR Fox, CG Desbruyeres, D Matsumoto, H Tolstoy, M Fornari, DJ TI Evidence of a recent magma dike intrusion at the slow spreading Lucky Strike segment, Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Mid-Atlantic Ridge; earthquake; hydroacoustic ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; WAVE DETECTION THRESHOLDS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; GROUND DEFORMATION; HYDROPHONE ARRAYS; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; COAXIAL SEGMENT AB [1] Mid-ocean ridge volcanic activity is the fundamental process for creation of ocean crust, yet the dynamics of magma emplacement along the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge ( MAR) are largely unknown. We present acoustical, seismological, and biological evidence of a magmatic dike intrusion at the Lucky Strike segment, the first detected from the deeper sections (> 1500 m) of the MAR. The dike caused the largest teleseismic earthquake swarm recorded at Lucky Strike in > 20 years of seismic monitoring, and one of the largest ever recorded on the northern MAR. Hydrophone records indicate that the rate of earthquake activity decays in a nontectonic manner and that the onset of the swarm was accompanied by 30 min of broadband (> 3 Hz) intrusion tremor, suggesting a volcanic origin. Two submersible investigations of high-temperature vents located at the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount 3 months and 1 year after the swarm showed a significant increase in microbial activity and diffuse venting. This magmatic episode may represent one form of volcanism along the MAR, where highly focused pockets of magma are intruded sporadically into the shallow ocean crust beneath long-lived, discrete volcanic structures recharging preexisting seafloor hydrothermal vents and ecosystems. C1 Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Dept Environm Profond, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Ctr, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B12 AR B12102 DI 10.1029/2004JB003141 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 877RB UT WOS:000225586600005 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Flocke, F Chen, G de Gouw, J Holloway, JS Hubler, G Neuman, JA Nicks, DK Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Sueper, DT Warneke, C Fehsenfeld, FC AF Roberts, JM Flocke, F Chen, G de Gouw, J Holloway, JS Hubler, G Neuman, JA Nicks, DK Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Sueper, DT Warneke, C Fehsenfeld, FC TI Measurement of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the ITCT 2K2 aircraft intensive experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE peroxyacetic nitric anhydride; Asian pollution; eastern Pacific ID OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; PEROXYPROPIONYL NITRATE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC AB [1] Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs), peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (CH3C(O) OONO2; PAN), and peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (CH3CH2C(O) OONO2; PPN) were made in the spring of 2002, off the west coast of North America, as part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) project. Long-range transport of Asian emissions was observed in which PAN and PPN mixing ratios were as high as 650 pptv and 90 pptv, respectively. Moreover, these two species constituted as much as 80% of the odd nitrogen (NOy) in those air masses, and median PAN/NOy was more than 60% at altitudes of 4 km and above. Systematic differences in the ratio of PPN to PAN were observed in air masses that had been impacted by Asian urban emissions relative to those impacted by biomass burning. Mixing ratios of PAN and PPN were also elevated in the marine boundary layer close to the west coast of California, possibly because of photochemical production driven by maritime NOx emissions. C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Aeron Lab, RAL7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; g.chen@larc.nass.gov; jdegouw@al.noaa.gov; jholloway@al.noaa.gov; gerd@al.noaa.gov; andy.neuman@noaa.gov; dnicks@ball.com; jnowak@al.noaa.gov; parrish@al.noaa.gov; tryerson@al.noaa.gov; sueper@al.noaa.gov; cwarneke@al.noaa.gov; fcf@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 66 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S21 DI 10.1029/2004JD004960 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877QJ UT WOS:000225584800001 ER PT J AU Just, RS Irwin, JA O'Callaghan, JE Saunier, JL Coble, MD Vallone, PM Butler, JM Barritt, SM Parsons, TJ AF Just, RS Irwin, JA O'Callaghan, JE Saunier, JL Coble, MD Vallone, PM Butler, JM Barritt, SM Parsons, TJ TI Toward increased utility of mtDNA in forensic identifications SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop of the Mediterranean-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY JUN 10-13, 2004 CL Isola Capo Rizzuto, ITALY SP mediterranean Acad Forens Sci DE mtDNA; SNP; allele-specific primer extension; control region; database ID GENOME AB The utility of mtDNA in forensic identifications is limited by its low power of discrimination and the absence of high quality mtDNA databases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the control region outside of hypervariable regions I and 11 (HVI/ HVII), and in the coding region of the mtDNA genome, can provide additional discrimination in mtDNA testing. We have identified particularly useful SNP sites via high throughput sequencing of the entire mtDNA genome. We report here two cases in which an I I -plex SNP assay (panel "A") targeting the most common HVI/HVII type successfully resolved two cases in which identifications could not be made on the basis of HVI/HVII sequencing. Additionally, we established a database of 286 samples for SNP panel "A" generated with robotic protocols. We have addressed the need for high quality mtDNA control region (CR) databases by developing robotic protocols for lab processing, and a carefully devised electronic data review process. A large-scale databasing effort targeting several populations underrepresented in current mtDNA databases is underway. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, AFIP Annex, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Parsons, TJ (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, AFIP Annex, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM parsons@afip.osd.mil RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 146 SU S BP S147 EP S149 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.09.045 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 894PZ UT WOS:000226805400045 PM 15639563 ER PT J AU Knyazev, VD AF Knyazev, VD TI Reactivity extrapolation from small to large molecular systems via isodesmic reactions for transition states SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; COMPLETE BASIS-SET; GAS-PHASE; H-ATOMS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; BOND SEPARATION; ORBITAL METHOD AB A method for calculating potential energy barriers of chemical reactions involving large molecules is presented and validated through evaluation of its performance for two classes of reactions. The method is based on the extrapolation of reactivity from small molecular systems (for which high-level quantum chemical calculations can be performed) to large ones via low-level (and thus low computational cost) calculations. The notation RESLIR (Reactivity Extrapolation from Small to Large molecular systems via the formalism of Isodesmic Reactions for transition states) is proposed for ease of reference. The RESLIR method is a further development of the technique of isodesmic reactions for transition states (IRTS). Unlike the previous applications of the IRTS technique, it does not rely on the existence of extensive experimental information on the kinetics of at least one (reference) reaction within the class. Instead, high-level predictive calculations are performed for the reference reaction, which is chosen in such a way as to include only small molecules. Predictive performance of the method is evaluated for two classes of reactions: eleven Diels-Alder reactions and twenty reactions of the addition of CH3 and CF3 radicals to C=C double bonds. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Res Ctr Chem Kinet, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knyazev, VD (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Res Ctr Chem Kinet, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM knyazev@cua.edu NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 10714 EP 10722 DI 10.1021/jp046953r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875HI UT WOS:000225410500012 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, C Simon-Manso, Y Batteas, J Marquez, M Ratner, M Mujica, V AF Gonzalez, C Simon-Manso, Y Batteas, J Marquez, M Ratner, M Mujica, V TI A quasimolecular approach to the conductance of molecule-metal junctions: Theory and application to voltage-induced conductance switching SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; WIRES; GOLD; FORMALISM; DENSITY; PROFILE AB We present a simple methodology to study trends in conductance of molecule-metal junctions based on Density Functional Theory calculations of modified quasimolecular Green functions in a capacitor-like electric field. The approach is based on a series of assumptions about the voltage spatial profile and the molecule-surface chemisorptive coupling in metal-molecule interfaces that seem to be validated for a number of junctions. The method assumes that the voltage drops entirely at the interfaces and that the junction conductance can be approximately factorized as a product of contact and molecular contributions. The value of such severely approximate methodology rests on the fact that it is very simple to use, computationally efficient, and its results can be analyzed in terms of familiar chemical concepts such as molecular orbitals and dipole moments. We have applied this procedure to the study of a series of pi-conjugated oligomers of current interest for device fabrication. Our results correlate well with some recent experimental results, both reported in the literature and presented in this work, that show that for some molecular bridges there is a threshold voltage where there occurs a switching-like effect. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzalez, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov; vmujica@ciens.ucv.ve RI Batteas, James/D-4144-2015 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18414 EP 18420 DI 10.1021/jp0491663 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200005 ER PT J AU Chiaverini, J Leibfried, D Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Blakestad, RB Britton, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Wineland, DJ AF Chiaverini, J Leibfried, D Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Blakestad, RB Britton, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Wineland, DJ TI Realization of quantum error correction SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; TELEPORTATION; COMPUTERS; STATES; CODE AB Scalable quantum computation(1) and communication require error control to protect quantum information against unavoidable noise. Quantum error correction(2,3) protects information stored in two-level quantum systems (qubits) by rectifying errors with operations conditioned on the measurement outcomes. Error-correction protocols have been implemented in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments(4-6), but the inherent limitations of this technique(7) prevent its application to quantum information processing. Here we experimentally demonstrate quantum error correction using three beryllium atomic-ion qubits confined to a linear, multi-zone trap. An encoded one-qubit state is protected against spin-flip errors by means of a three-qubit quantum error-correcting code. A primary ion qubit is prepared in an initial state, which is then encoded into an entangled state of three physical qubits (the primary and two ancilla qubits). Errors are induced simultaneously in all qubits at various rates. The encoded state is decoded back to the primary ion one-qubit state, making error information available on the ancilla ions, which are separated from the primary ion and measured. Finally, the primary qubit state is corrected on the basis of the ancillae measurement outcome. We verify error correction by comparing the corrected final state to the uncorrected state and to the initial state. In principle, the approach enables a quantum state to be maintained by means of repeated error correction, an important step towards scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation using trapped ions. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chiaverini, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.chiaverini@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 20 TC 219 Z9 222 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7017 BP 602 EP 605 DI 10.1038/nature03074 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875PL UT WOS:000225433200040 PM 15577904 ER PT J AU Fu, Q Seidel, DJ Johanson, CM Warren, SG AF Fu, Q Seidel, DJ Johanson, CM Warren, SG TI Stratospheric cooling and the troposphere - Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fu, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM qfu@atmos.washington.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7017 DI 10.1038/nature03210 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875PL UT WOS:000225433200034 ER PT J AU Fabijonas, BR Lozier, DW Olver, FWJ AF Fabijonas, BR Lozier, DW Olver, FWJ TI Computation of complex airy functions and their zeros using asymptotics and the differential equation SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; asymptotic expansions; differential equations; error analysis; real and complex Airy functions; zeros; algorithms for special functions ID BESSEL-FUNCTIONS; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; NONNEGATIVE ORDER; PORTABLE PACKAGE; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; ARGUMENT; COULOMB AB We describe a method by which one can compute the solutions of Airy's differential equation, and their derivatives, both on the real line and in the complex plane. The computational methods are numerical integration of the differential equation and summation of asymptotic expansions for large argument. We give details involved in obtaining all of the parameter values, and we control the truncation errors rigorously. Using the same computational methods, we describe an algorithm that computes the zeros and associated values of the Airy functions and their derivatives, and the modulus and phase functions on the negative real axis. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fabijonas, BR (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM bfabi@smu.edu; daniel.lozier@nist.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 4 BP 471 EP 490 DI 10.1145/1039813.1039818 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 883PC UT WOS:000226024600005 ER PT J AU Sun, Z Axelbaum, RL Davis, RW AF Sun, Z Axelbaum, RL Davis, RW TI A sectional model for investigating microcontamination in a rotating disk CVD reactor SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AEROSOL DYNAMICS; COAGULATION; SIMULATION; FLOW AB A sectional model is employed to study the aerosol dynamics in a rotating disk CVD reactor. The aerosol model is implemented into a numerical code that employs detailed chemistry and transport and a one-dimensional similarity transform to simulate this system. The numerical results are compared to experimental data where conditions are such that particles are formed from gas-phase reactions. A thin particle layer is reproduced and the thickness is accurately determined. The location of the layer is predicted within 5%. The thin layer is a consequence of the particle stagnation region that develops due to convection towards the disk being opposed by a particle thermophoretic velocity away from the disk. The effect of sticking coefficient is examined, and it is shown that with a small sticking coefficient a smaller mean particle size and broader particle layer is obtained. It is also found that particle layers are driven farther away from the disk when the temperature of the disk is higher or the chamber pressure is lower, both of which result in higher thermophoretic velocities for the particles. The thickness of the particle layer is found to be insensitive to pressure. The sectional model also reveals that the particle size distributions are bimodal throughout most of the particle layer. This is a result of the broad regions for nucleation and surface growth as well as the opposing convective and thermophoretic velocities. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Axelbaum, RL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM rla@me.wustl.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1080/027868290896799 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 004IC UT WOS:000234744200001 ER PT J AU Zha, XF Sriram, RD Lu, WF AF Zha, XF Sriram, RD Lu, WF TI Evaluation and selection in product design for mass custornization: A knowledge decision support approach SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE customer-driven design; design evaluation; Fuzzy clustering; Fuzzy ranking; knowledge support; mass customization; multicriteria decision making; product family design; product platform ID HEURISTICS; CONJOINT; RANKING; SYSTEMS; RATINGS; FAMILY AB Mass customization has been identified as a competitive strategy by an increasing number of companies. Family-based product design is an efficient and effective means to realize sufficient product variety, while satisfying a range of customer demands in support for mass customization. This paper presents a knowledge decision support approach to product family design evaluation and selection for mass customization process. Here, product family design is viewed as a selection problem with the following stages: product family (design alternatives) generation, product family design evaluation, and selection for customization. The fundamental issues underlying product family design for mass customization are discussed. Then, a knowledge support framework and its relevant technologies are developed for module-based product family design for mass customization. A systematic fuzzy clustering and ranking model is proposed and discussed in detail. This model supports the imprecision inherent in decision making with fuzzy customers' preference relations and uses fuzzy analysis techniques for evaluation and selection. A neural network technique is also adopted to adjust the membership function to enhance the model. The focus of this paper is on the development of a knowledge-intensive support scheme and a comprehensive systematic fuzzy clustering and ranking methodology for product family design evaluation and selection. A case study and the scenario of knowledge support for power supply family evaluation, selection, and customization are provided for illustration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, Prod Design & Dev Grp, Singapore 638075, Singapore. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zha@cme.nist.gov NR 82 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0890-0604 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1017/S0890060404040077 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 891NF UT WOS:000226587100007 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Kline, MC Redman, JW Butler, JM AF Duewer, DL Kline, MC Redman, JW Butler, JM TI NIST Mixed Stain Study 3: Signal intensity balance in commercial short tandem repeat multiplexes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FORENSIC CASEWORK; PEAK AREAS; STR LOCI; AMPLIFICATION; VALIDATION; SYSTEM; ALLELES AB Short-tandem repeat (STR) allelic intensities were collected from more than 60 forensic laboratories for a suite of seven samples as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology-coordinated 2001 Mixed Stain Study 3 (MSS3). These interlaboratory challenge data illuminate the relative importance of intrinsic and user-determined factors affecting the locus-to-locus balance of signal intensities for currently used STR multiplexes. To varying degrees, seven of the eight commercially produced multiplexes used by MSS3 participants displayed very similar patterns of intensity differences among the different loci probed by the multiplexes for all samples, in the hands of multiple analysts, with a variety of supplies and instruments. These systematic differences reflect intrinsic properties of the individual multiplexes, not user-controllable measurement practices. To the extent that quality systems specify minimum and maximum absolute intensities for data acceptability and data interpretation schema require among-locus balance, these intrinsic intensity differences may decrease the utility of multiplex results and surely increase the cost of analysis. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 23 BP 6928 EP 6934 DI 10.1021/ac049178k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 876YR UT WOS:000225535300019 PM 15571343 ER PT J AU Schaetz, T Leibfried, D Chiaverini, J Barrett, MD Britton, J DeMarco, B Itano, WM Jost, JD Langer, C Wineland, DJ AF Schaetz, T Leibfried, D Chiaverini, J Barrett, MD Britton, J DeMarco, B Itano, WM Jost, JD Langer, C Wineland, DJ TI Towards a scalable quantum computer/simulator based on trapped ions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Quantum Optics and Photonics Section of the German-Physical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP German Phys Soc ID COMMUNICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES AB We describe the concept and experimental demonstration of the basic building blocks of a scalable quantum computer using trapped-ion qubits. The trap structure is divided into subregions where ion qubits can either be held as memory or subjected to individual rotations and multi-qubit gates in processor zones. Thus, ion qubits can become entangled in one trapping zone, then separated and distributed to separate zones (by switching control-electrode potentials) where subsequent single- and two-ion gates, and/or detection is performed. Recent work using these building blocks includes (1) demonstration of a dense-coding protocol, (2) demonstration of enhanced qubit-detection efficiency using quantum logic, (3) generation of GHZ states and their application to enhanced precision in spectroscopy, and (4) the realization of teleportation with atomic qubits. In the final section an analog quantum computer that could provide a shortcut towards quantum simulations under requirements less demanding than those for a universal quantum computer is also described. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schaetz, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM tschaetz@mpq.mpg.de RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI DeMarco, Brian/0000-0002-2791-0413; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 79 IS 8 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1007/s00340-004-1652-x PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 872CR UT WOS:000225184400011 ER PT J AU Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Johnson, PA AF Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Johnson, PA TI Gas-phase databases for quantitative infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE database; quantitative; gas-phase; infrared; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; FT-IR; DETECTOR NONLINEARITY; LINE STRENGTHS; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY; PARAMETERS; ARTIFACTS; EMISSION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are each creating quantitative databases containing the vapor-phase infrared spectra of pure chemicals. The digital databases have been created with both laboratory and remote-sensing applications in mind. A spectral resolution of approximate to0.1 cm(-1) was selected to avoid degrading sharp spectral features, while also realizing that atmospheric broadening typically limits line widths to 0.1 cm(-1). Calculated positional (wave-number, cm(-1)) uncertainty is less than or equal to0.005 cm(-1), while the 1sigma, statistical uncertainty in absorbance values is <2% for most compounds. The latter was achieved by measuring multiple (typically 9) path length-concentration burdens and fitting a weighted Beer's law plot to each wavenumber channel. The two databases include different classes of compounds and were compared using 12 samples. Though these 12 samples span a range of polarities, absorption strengths, and vapor pressures, the data agree to within experimental uncertainties with only one exception. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sw.sharpe@pnl.gov; pmchu@nist.gov NR 36 TC 355 Z9 355 U1 5 U2 58 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1452 EP 1461 DI 10.1366/0003702042641281 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 879GJ UT WOS:000225704100012 PM 15606959 ER PT J AU Reader, J AF Reader, J TI Reference wavelengths for strong lines of atomic hydrogen and deuterium SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen wavelengths; deuterium wavelengths; wavelength standard; wavenumber standard ID RYDBERG CONSTANT; FINE-STRUCTURE; H-ALPHA; SPECTROSCOPY; VALUES AB Wavelengths of the individual fine-structure components of the n = 1-2 (Ly(alpha)), n = 1-3 (Ly(beta)), n = 1-4 (Ly(gamma)), n = 1-5 (Ly(delta)), n = 1-6 (Ly(epsilon)), n = 1-7 (Ly(zeta)), n = 2-3 (H-alpha), n = 2-4 (H-beta), n = 2-5 (H-gamma), n = 2-6 (H-delta), and n = 2-7 (H-epsilon) transitions of H and D are determined from theoretical values for the binding energies. Theoretical line strengths are used to obtain recommended values for the peaks of unresolved blends of these components as likely to be observed with discharge light sources and spectrometers with low to moderate resolution. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.1366/0003702042641326 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 879GJ UT WOS:000225704100014 PM 15606961 ER PT J AU Colt, JE AF Colt, JE TI 2003 Aquacultural Engineering Society Issues Forum, 3-5 November 2003, In seattle, WA, USA - Preface SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.06.001 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 876VL UT WOS:000225526400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, MG Uno, I Yoshida, Y Xu, YF Wang, ZF Akimoto, H Bates, T Quinn, T Bandy, A Blomquist, B AF Zhang, MG Uno, I Yoshida, Y Xu, YF Wang, ZF Akimoto, H Bates, T Quinn, T Bandy, A Blomquist, B TI Transport and transformation of sulfur compounds over East Asia during the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Applications to Air Quality CY MAR 11-13, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE long-range transport; SO2; sulfate; ACE-Asia; chemical transport model ID AIR-POLLUTION; MODEL; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; SO2; DEPOSITION; SULFATE; JAPAN AB On the basis of the recently estimated emission inventory for East Asia with a resolution of 1 x 1degrees, the transport and chemical transformation of sulfur compounds over East Asia during the period of 22 February through 4 May 2001 was investigated by using the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields calculated by the regional atmospheric modeling system (RAMS). For evaluating the model performance simulated concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and aerosol sulfate (SO42-) were compared with the observations on the ground level at four remote sites in Japan and on board aircraft and vessel during the transport and chemical evolution over the Pacific and Asian Pacific regional aerosol characterization experiment field campaigns, and it was found that the model reproduces many of the important features in the observations, including horizontal and vertical gradients. The SO2 and SO42- concentrations show pronounced variations in time and space, with SO2 and SO42- behaving differently due to the interplay of chemical conversion, removal and transport processes. Analysis of model results shows that emission was the dominant term in regulating the SO2 spatial distribution, while conversion of SO2 to SO42- in the gas phase and the aqueous phase and wet removal were the primary factors that controlled SO42- amounts. The gas phase and the aqueous phase have the same importance in oxidizing SO2, and about 42% sulfur compounds (similar to25% in SO2) emitted in the model domain was transported out, while about 57% (similar to35% by wet removal processes) was deposited in the domain during the study period. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 10029, Peoples R China. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360061, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 10029, Peoples R China. EM mgzhang@mail.iap.ac.en; iuno@riam.Kyushu-u.ac.jp; xyf@mail.iap.ac.cn; zifawang@mail.iap.ac.cn; akimoto@jamstec.go.jp; tim.bates@noaa.gov; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; bandyar@drexel.edu; byronb@soest.Hawaii.edu RI Wang, Zifa/B-5192-2008; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; NR 29 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 40 SI SI BP 6947 EP 6959 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.073 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880PD UT WOS:000225800800005 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Worthy, DEJ Lang, PM Ernst, MK Zhang, XC Wen, YP Li, JL AF Zhou, L Worthy, DEJ Lang, PM Ernst, MK Zhang, XC Wen, YP Li, JL TI Ten years of atmospheric methane observations at a high elevation site in Western China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Applications to Air Quality CY MAR 11-13, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE atmospheric CH4; local winds impact; background data selection; CH4 variation characteristics; source and sink influence ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AEROSOL BLACK CARBON; GROWTH-RATE; SEASONAL CYCLES; DIOXIDE; BARROW; SINKS; CH4; WALIGUAN; INCREASE AB In this paper, the continuous (1994-2001) and discrete air sample (1991-2001) measurements of atmospheric CH4 from the Waliguan Baseline Observatory located in western China (36degrees17'N, 100degrees54'E, 3816 m asl) are presented and characterized. The CH4 time series show large episodic events on the order of 100 ppb throughout the year. During spring, a diurnal cycle with average amplitude of 7 ppb and a morning maximum and late afternoon minimum is observed. In winter, a diurnal cycle with average amplitude of 14 ppb is observed with an afternoon maximum and morning minimum. Unlike most terrestrial observational sites, no obvious diurnal patterns are present during the summer or autumn. A background data selection procedure was developed based on local horizontal and vertical winds. A selected hourly data set representative of "baseline" conditions was derived with approximately 50% of the valid hourly data. The range of CH4 mixing ratios, annual means, annual increases and mean annual cycle at Waliguan during the 1992-2001 were derived from discrete and continuous data representative of "baseline" conditions and compared to air samples collected at other Northern Hemisphere sites. The range of CH4 monthly means of 1746-1822 ppb, average annual means of 1786.7 +/- 10.8 ppb and mean annual increase of 4.5 +/- 4.2 ppb yr(-1) at Waliguan were inline with measurements from sites located between 30degrees and 60degreesN. There were variations observed in the CH4 annual increase patterns at Waliguan that were slightly different from the global pattern. The mean CH4 annual cycle at Waliguan shows an unusual pattern of two gentle peaks in summer and February along with two small valleys in early winter and spring and a mean peak-to-peak amplitude of similar to11 ppb, much smaller than amplitudes observed at most other mid- and high-northern latitude sites. The Waliguan CH4 data are strongly influenced by continental Asian CH4 emissions and provide key information for global atmospheric CH4 models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. CAMS, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Qinghai Meteorol Bur, Xining 810001, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM zhou.lingxi@nies.go.jp NR 37 TC 33 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 40 SI SI BP 7041 EP 7054 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.072 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880PD UT WOS:000225800800014 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Seecamp, R Daniels, J Velden, C Puri, K Bowen, R Rea, A Dunn, M AF Le Marshall, J Seecamp, R Daniels, J Velden, C Puri, K Bowen, R Rea, A Dunn, M TI The contribution of GOES-9 to operational NWP forecast skill in the Australian region SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS; METEOROLOGYS GLOBAL ASSIMILATION; AIRCRAFT VERIFICATION EXPERIMENT; CLOUD MOTIONS; SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION; EVOLUTION; PHASE-1; BUREAU C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, World Weather Bldg,Room 808,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM John.Lemarshall@noaa.gov RI Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011 OI Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN GOVT PUBL SERV PI CANBERRA PA PO BOX 84, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 279 EP 283 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 902ML UT WOS:000227361100005 ER PT J AU Reipa, V AF Reipa, V TI Direct spectroelectrochemical titration of glutathione SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glutathione; formal potential; spectroelectrochemistry; metal oxide electrode; redox equilibrium AB Previous potentiometric attempts to determine the formal potential (E-0') of key intracellular redox buffer glutathione resulted in contradictory values. We have developed a spectroelectrochemical method using direct reduction on metal oxide electrodes. Disulfide absorbance at 258 nm was used to titrate glutathione in the thin layer cell reversibly. At conditions close to physiological ([GSH] = 0.001-0.005 mol/l, pH = 7.34; I = 0.1 mol/l; T = 298.15 K), we have measured glutathione E-0' = -0.22 +/- 0.02 V (NHE), corroborating the results of equilibrium measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.07.003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA 876UJ UT WOS:000225523100008 PM 15522692 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Schwartz, BE Szoke, EJ Koch, SE AF Benjamin, SG Schwartz, BE Szoke, EJ Koch, SE TI The value of wind profiler data in US weather forecasting SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 1999 TORNADO OUTBREAK; PREDICTION; COORDINATE; RUC AB An assessment of the value of data from the NOAA Profiler Network (NPN) on weather forecasting is presented. A series of experiments was conducted using the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model/assimilation system in which various data sources were denied in order to assess the relative importance of the profiler data for short-range wind forecasts. Average verification statistics from a 13-day cold-season test period indicate that the profiler data have a positive impact on short-range (3-12 h) forecasts over the RUC domain containing the lower 48 United States, which are strongest at the 3-h projection over a central U.S. subdomain that includes most of the profiler sites, as well as downwind of the profiler observations over the eastern United States. Overall, profiler data reduce wind forecast errors at all levels from 850 to 150 hPa, especially below 300 hPa where there are relatively few automated aircraft observations. At night when fewer commercial aircraft are flying, profiler data also contribute strongly to more accurate 3-h forecasts, including near-tropopause maximum wind levels. For the test period, the profiler data contributed up to 20%-30% (at 700 hPa) of the overall reduction of 3-h wind forecast error by all data sources combined. Inclusion of wind profiler data also reduced 3-h errors for height, relative humidity, and temperature by 5%-15%, averaged over different vertical levels. Time series and statistics from large-error events demonstrate that the impact of profiler data may be much larger in peak error situations. Three data assimilation case studies from cold and warm seasons are presented that illustrate the value of the profiler observations for improving weather forecasts. The first case study indicates that inclusion of profiler data in the RUC model runs for the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak improved model guidance of convective available potential energy (CAPE), 300-hPa wind, and precipitation in southwestern Oklahoma at the onset of the event. In the second case study, inclusion of profiler data led to better RUC precipitation forecasts associated with a severe snow and ice storm that occurred over the central plains of the United States in February 2001. A third case study describes the effect of profiler data for a tornado event in Oklahoma on 8 May 2003. Summaries of National Weather Service (NWS) forecaster use of profiler data in daily operations, although subjective, support the results from these case studies and the statistical forecast model impact study in the broad sense that profiler data contribute significantly to improved short-range forecasts over the central United States where these observations currently exist. C1 NOAA, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Benjamin, SG (reprint author), NOAA, FSL, 325 Broadway,R-E-FSI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1871 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-12-1871 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 886GM UT WOS:000226214900010 ER PT J AU Goericke, R Venrick, E Mantyla, A Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Huyer, A Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Hooff, R Peterson, WT Gaxiola-Castro, G Gomez-Valdes, J Lavaniegos, BE Hyrenbach, KD Sydeman, WJ AF Goericke, R Venrick, E Mantyla, A Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Huyer, A Smith, RL Wheeler, PA Hooff, R Peterson, WT Gaxiola-Castro, G Gomez-Valdes, J Lavaniegos, BE Hyrenbach, KD Sydeman, WJ TI The state of the California Current, 2003-2004: A rare "normal" year SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC INFLUENCE; CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; COLD HALOCLINE; CENTRAL OREGON; MARINE BIRD; WATER; DIET AB This report describes the state of the California Current System (CCS)-meteorological, physical, chemical, and biological-from January 2003 to the spring of 2004. The area covered in this report ranges from Oregon coastal waters to southern Baja California. Over the past year, most physical, chemical, and biological parameters were close to their climatological mean. Contributing to such "normal" conditions was the absence of a La Nina that had been expected after the previous year's El Nino. Noteworthy, however, are the cold and fresh anomalies in the upper 100-200 m that have been found over large areas of the CCS since 2002. Off Oregon these may have been responsible for increased productivity; off southern California these were associated with shallower nutriclines and subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the offshore areas. It is unclear if these anomalies are ephemeral or related to long-term changes in ocean climate. The effects of the hypothesized 1998 "regime shift" on the CCS are still difficult to discern, primarily because of other physical forcing varying on different time scales (e.g., El Nino/Southern Oscillation, ENSO, cycles; the "subarctic influence"; global warming). The resolution of many of these issues requires larger scale observations than are available now. Establishment of the Pacific Coast Ocean Observing System (PaCOOS) under the guidance of NOAA will be a crucial step toward achieving that goal. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Marine Ecol Div, Conservat Sci Program, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. RP Goericke, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rgoericke@ucsd.edu; ahuyer@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Gomez-Valdes, Jose/0000-0002-8528-7826 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 27 EP 59 PG 33 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700003 ER PT J AU Orensanz, J Ernst, B Armstrong, DA Stabeno, P Livingston, P AF Orensanz, J Ernst, B Armstrong, DA Stabeno, P Livingston, P TI Contraction of the geographic range of distribution of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the eastern Bering Sea: An environmental ratchet? SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CalCOFI 2003 Symposium on Environmental Variability and Its Impact on Invertebrate Fisheries CY NOV 06, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENTHIC STAGES; BONNE BAY; NEWFOUNDLAND; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH AB Over the last three decades the geographic range of distribution of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) has contracted dramatically to the north. An increase in near-bottom temperature (NBT) during 1975-1979 was accompanied by a northward contraction of the cold pool (bound by the 2 degrees C NBT isotherm) that extends over the Middle Domain during the summer. Warming was tracked with a 6-year lag by a contraction to the north of the mature female's range. Snow crab settle and grow to maturity in the Middle Domain. Successful recruitment during cold regimes may result from the occurrence of spring blooms and the stenothermy of early benthic instars. However, recruitment to the mature female population did not expand back to the southern shelf after the mid-1990s, despite some years when NBT was low. Cross-correlation of year-to-year shifts in geographic distribution of cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and immature snow crab during the 1990s suggests that the northward expansions of cod controlled the southern boundary of snow crab's distribution range. Reestablishment of crab populations in the south may be hindered by cod predation. Also, because spawning females are now located "up-current," advection of larvae to the south is unlikely. Contraction to the north may not be followed by an expansion back to the south after a change in regime. We refer to this suggested asymmetry as the environmental ratchet hypothesis and discuss it in the context of other conceptual models of the EBS ecosystem. C1 Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Orensanz, J (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. EM lobo@cenpat.edu.ar NR 39 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 65 EP 79 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700005 ER PT J AU Reiss, CS Maxwell, MR Hunter, JK Henry, A AF Reiss, CS Maxwell, MR Hunter, JK Henry, A TI Investigating environmental effects on population dynamics of Loligo opalescens in the southern California Bight SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CalCOFI 2003 Symposium on Environmental Variability and Its Impact on Invertebrate Fisheries CY NOV 06, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID MARKET SQUID; LIFE-CYCLE; SEXUAL-MATURATION; ILLEX-ARGENTINUS; EL-NINO; GROWTH; AGE; CEPHALOPODA; LOLIGINIDAE; VULGARIS AB Using fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data on the distribution of paralarvae, juveniles, and adults, we assess the effects of the transition from the 1.997-98 El Nino to the 1999 La Nina on the abundance, distribution, and production of market squid Loligo opalescens in southern California. Percentage occurrence of paralarvae within the CalCOFI survey of the Southern California Bight declined during El Nino, indicating that little production occurred during El Nino, winters, and abundance from trawl surveys was low during the summer following the 1997-98 El Nino, along the coast from Point Conception to Vancouver on the shelf and slope. Mean growth rates of L. opalescens declined with increasing temperature in the month of hatch, and hatch month temperature explained 67% of the variability in mean growth during the transition from El Nino to La Nina conditions (1998 and 1.999). Using the observed temperature-dependent growth rates, we developed the first age-based, temperature-dependent population model for L. opalescens. Population dynamics were dramatically influenced by cumulative mortality, and the results predict that a bimodal recruitment period should be found with periods of 5 and 7 months and that the second peak should be narrower than the first peak. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Reiss, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM christian.reiss@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700007 ER PT J AU Taylor, CA Watson, W AF Taylor, CA Watson, W TI Utility of larval pigmentation to identify nearshore rockfishes of the Sebastes subgenus Pteropodus from southern California SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATICS; BIGHT AB Unidentified larval rockfishes, Sebastes spp., were sorted from ichthyoplankton collected during the April 1999 CalCOFI cruise and categorized according to their similarity to the pigmentation typical of larval Pteropodus, a subgenus of nearshore rockfishes heavily targeted in the California live-fish fishery. The 62 larvae, ranging in size from 3.5 to 11.2 mm, were identified by molecular genetic methods to test the hypothesis that this pigment-based classification technique can reliably distinguish Pteropodus from all other Sebastes larvae. All larval Pteropodus were correctly classified, and only 5% of the non-Pteropodus were misclassified as Pteropodus, but there were so few Pteropodus in the CalCOFI plankton samples that the number of misclassified larvae was larger than the number of Pteropodus larvae. Larval Pteropodus may remain close to the shallow-water adult habitat shoreward and closer to islands than most CalCOFI stations. Ichthyoplankton sampling near shore (within the 200 m depth contour) would be required to examine this hypothesis, to provide the samples required for a better test of the pigment-based classification method, and, perhaps ultimately, to provide fishery-independent data on population trends in Pteropodus. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Taylor, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ctaylor@illumina.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700009 ER PT J AU Preti, A Smith, SE Ramon, DA AF Preti, A Smith, SE Ramon, DA TI Diet differences in the thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) during transition from a warm-water regime to a cool-water regime off California-Oregon, 1998-2000 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID STOMACH CONTENTS ANALYSIS; EL-NINO; OCEAN; FISH; FISHERIES; DOGFISH; SARDINE; HABITS; SQUID AB The diet of thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) during a cool-water oceanographic regime, July 1999 through May 2000, was compared to the diet during the previous warm-water/transitional period, August 1998 through January 1999. Stomach samples were collected from the U.S. Pacific Coast drift and set gill net fisheries. Of the samples examined from the cool-water period, only 8 prey taxa were found, revealing a narrower trophic spectrum than found during the previous warm-water/transitional period, when 20 prey taxa were identified. As in the warm-water/transitional period, northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) was the most important overall prey, even more dominant than in the previous period. Additionally, market squid (Loligo opalescens) was second in importance and dramatically more prevalent in the cool-water period than in the warm-water/transitional period. Other important diet items in the cool-water period, in descending order of importance, were "unidentified teleosts"; Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax); Pacific hake (Merluccius productus); and Pacific or chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus): these were also among the top six items in the previous warm-water/transitional period. As expected, pelagic red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes), relatively common in the diet during the warmer period, was absent from the diet during the cool-water period. It is suggested that during cool-water periods the thresher shark subsists on a narrow range of food items (such as anchovy and squid), but the diet becomes more diversified and opportunistic during less-productive warm-water El Nino periods. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Preti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM antonella.preti@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 118 EP 125 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700010 ER PT J AU Norton, JG Mason, JE AF Norton, JG Mason, JE TI Locally and remotely forced environmental influences on California commercial fish and invertebrate landings SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; SEA-LEVEL; ROSSBY WAVES; EL-NINO; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES; COAST AB This study extends the investigations of Norton and Mason (2003), who used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the California commercial fish and invertebrate landings data (CACom database) to find two patterns of variability (EOF1 and EOF2) that describe major changes in species composition from 1930 through 2000. Temporal variations in EOF1 and EOF2 are closely correlated to climate-scale physical processes of the equatorial Pacific (remote) and the North Pacific (local) atmosphere and oceans, respectively. These findings suggest that changes in species composition of California landings begin as remote and local physical processes that are transmitted through the ecosystem to target species. Log(e)-transformed sardine landings history is similar to the time variations in EOF1. As fish and invertebrate resources become fully utilized, variations in their landings become better indicators of environmental climate change off California; however, conservative resource management and fluctuating market demand may disrupt this close relationship. Consistent temporal associations of species groups with recurrent physical environmental conditions may allow timely detection of climate changes and thereby provide opportunities for proactive ecosystem management. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Norton, JG (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM jnorton@pfeg.noaa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 136 EP 145 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700012 ER PT J AU Taylor, CA Watson, W Chereskin, T Hyde, J Vetter, R AF Taylor, CA Watson, W Chereskin, T Hyde, J Vetter, R TI Retention of larval rockfishes, Sebastes, near natal habitat in the Southern California Bight, as indicated by molecular identification methods SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GENUS SEBASTES; EDDY; DIEL AB Larval (< 16 mm SL) Sebastes spp. that could not be identified visually were identified with molecular genetic methods from plankton samples collected during a California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruise in April 1999. Our goals were to characterize natal habitat and to determine the abundances of individual rockfish species in CalCOFI ichthyoplankton samples. This is the first time the entire complex of Sebastes larvae collected during a CalCOFI cruise has been identified to species. For three abundant species, we found a significant association between abundance and stations within the Southern California Eddy (SCE), and a significant relationship between the distribution of 1-d-old larvae and potential adult habitat for the most narrowly distributed of the three species. These results suggest that the interplay of natal spawning habitat overlaid by the persistent SCE contributes to larval retention in this region. We also found low abundance and number of occurrences for larvae of the nearshore sub-genus Pteropodus, suggesting that CalCOFI stations are too far offshore to evaluate distributions of this group. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Taylor, CA (reprint author), 9885 Towne Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM ctaylor@illumina.com NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 152 EP 166 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700014 ER PT J AU Mason, JE AF Mason, JE TI Historical patterns from 74 years of commercial landings from California waters SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SARDINE AB California's commercial fisheries harvested many different species of finfish and invertebrates from 1928 to 2001. A time series of the landings from waters off California was created to examine changes in the species composition, weight, and value of the landings. Small coastal pelagic fishes dominated the landings weight until the late 1980s, when landings of invertebrates increased. Tunas, groundfish, salmon, crabs, sea urchins, and squid have all contributed significantly to the value of the landings. Value and landings were affected by domestic and international market conditions. The availability of certain species, especially coastal pelagics, has varied in response to decadal-scale changes in environmental conditions, and tunas, herring, and squid varied with interyear environmental warming from California El Nino, events. The depletion and subsequent regulation of many of the stocks, including several rockfish, have contributed to declines in their landings over time. Invertebrates became more important in both the weight and value of landings in the 1990s. The declining trend in the total value of landings, despite increased total landings, raises concern for the future of the fishing economy. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Mason, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM janet.mason@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 BP 180 EP 190 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 979KB UT WOS:000232939700016 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ Chen, JJ Allen, AJ Jennings, HM AF Thomas, JJ Chen, JJ Allen, AJ Jennings, HM TI Effects of decalcification on the microstructure and surface area of cement and tricalcium silicate pastes SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H); microstructure; small-angle neutron scattering; surface area; degradation ID C-S-H; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATE; GEL; CONCRETE; PHASE; MODEL; WATER AB Thin coupons of white portland cement (WPC) and tricalcium silicate paste were decalcified by leaching in concentrated ammonium nitrate solutions, resulting in calcium-to-silicon molar ratios (C/S) ranging from 3.0 (control) down to 0.3. The microstructure and surface area were measured using both small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and nitrogen gas sorption. The intensity in the SANS data regime corresponding to the volume fractal C-S-H gel phase increased significantly on leaching, and the total surface area per unit specimen volume measured by SANS doubled on leaching from C/S = 3.0 to near C/S = 1.0. The nitrogen BET surface area of the WPC pastes, expressed in the same units, increased on decalcification as well, although not as sharply. The primary cause of these changes is a transformation of the high-density "inner product" C-S-H gel, which normally has a low specific surface area as measured by SANS and nitrogen gas sorption, into a morphology with a high specific surface area. The volume fractal exponent corresponding to the C-S-H gel phase decreased with decalcification from 2.3 to 2.0, indicating that the equiaxed 5 nm C-S-H globule building blocks that form the volume fractal microstructure of normal, unleached cement paste are transformed by decalcification into sheetlike structures of increasing thickness. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jthomas@northwestern.edu RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Thomas, Jeffrey/B-7103-2009; Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2307 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.007 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 877ES UT WOS:000225551200016 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CF Hackley, VA Aviles, AI AF Ferraris, CF Hackley, VA Aviles, AI TI Measurement of particle size distribution in Portland cement powder: Analysis of ASTM round robin studies SO CEMENT CONCRETE AND AGGREGATES LA English DT Article DE cement; particle size distribution; PSD round robin; laser diffraction; reference material AB A distribution of particle sizes or particle size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental characteristic of cement powder. Accurate PSDs are required in computational efforts to model the hydration process and it is an important practical issue for the cement industry. Presently, the only available standard method for measuring the PSD of cement, namely ASTM C115, is limited in scope, with a lower size detection limit of 7.5 mum. Since there are no standard procedures that adequately cover the broad particle size range associated with portland cement powder, the implementation of different measurement techniques varies widely within the industry. Two ASTM-sponsored round robin tests were performed to (1) ascertain the techniques and methods currently used in the cement industry and (2) develop and refine a standard method or methods. The results have been incorporated into a best practice method based on the technique of laser diffraction. The aim of the current paper is to summarize the findings based on the data generated during the round robins and to summarize the various approaches available to measure the PSD of cement. A summary of the statistical analysis of the test results is described. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, CF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6123 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE AGGR JI Cem. Concr. Aggreg. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 887TJ UT WOS:000226328100006 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ AF Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ TI On the relationship between Kovats and Lee retention indices SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography; retention indices; Kovats and Lee indices; conversion of retention indices ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STATIONARY PHASES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PROFILE-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; COLUMNS; MIXTURES; DERIVATIVES AB A relationship between the Kovats and Lee retention indices was obtained for dimethylsilicone stationary phase and isothermal conditions. The temperature dependence of the retention indices was taken into account. Based on numerous experimental data for dimethylsilicone stationary phase, parameters of the linear temperature dependence of the Kovats indices were determined for the reference compounds of the Lee scale. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov OI Linstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3204-3454 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 11-12 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1365/s10337-004-0450-2 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 880UQ UT WOS:000225815500020 ER PT J AU Babic-Ivancic, V Avdagic, SC Seric, V Kontrec, J Tucak, A Furedi-Milhofer, H Markovic, M AF Babic-Ivancic, V Avdagic, SC Seric, V Kontrec, J Tucak, A Furedi-Milhofer, H Markovic, M TI Metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis patients from eastern Croatia SO COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM LA English DT Article DE metabolic parameters; urine; calcium oxalate; urolithiasis; hypercalciuria; hyperoxaluria ID CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTALLIZATION; STONE FORMERS; RISK-FACTORS; URINARY SATURATION; MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; FOLLOW-UP; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS AB Metabolic parameters were determined in fasting blood serum, fasting first morning urine, and 24-hour urine of male patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones (N=26, age 39.1+/-6.2 years) as well as in male healthy controls (N=18, age 35.0+/-7.1 years), recruited from the eastern part of Croatia. The 24-hour urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher (p<0.01) for patients (5.6+/-2.5 mmol) than for controls (3.7+/-1.9 mmol), but potassium excretion was higher (p<0.01) for controls (74.5+/-33.8 mmol) than for patients (49.2+/-15.7 mmol). The mean ionic activity product of calcium and oxalate ions, IAP(CaOx), calculated from the fasting first morning urine parameters, was 25% higher for patients than for controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Very strong correlation (r=0.97) was obtained between IAP(CaOx) values and calculated Ogawa indices that were recommended for estimating the potential risk for calcium oxalate stone formation. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. Clin Hosp Osijek, Dept Biochem, Osijek, Croatia. Clin Hosp Osijek, Dept Urol, Osijek, Croatia. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Casali Inst Appl Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babic-Ivancic, V (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Bijenicka Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM PI ZAGREB PA INST ANTHROPOLOGICAL RES, P O BOX 290, ULICA GRADA VUKOVARA 72/IV, 10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0350-6134 J9 COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL JI Coll. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 655 EP 666 PG 12 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 886RU UT WOS:000226246900016 PM 15666597 ER PT J AU Radwan, FFY Aboul-Dahab, HM AF Radwan, FFY Aboul-Dahab, HM TI Milleporin-1, a new phospholipase A(2) active protein from the fire coral Millepora platyphylla nematocysts SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire corals; Hydrozoa; Millepora; milleporin-1; phospholipase A(2); hemolysis; nematocyst; Red Sea ID RED-SEA; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; CASSIOPEA-XAMACHANA; HEMOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; FISHING TENTACLE; LYTIC FACTOR; VENOM; TOXIN; DICHOTOMA; PURIFICATION AB Stings of fire corals, potent hydroids common in the Red Sea, are known to cause severe pain and they develop bums and itching that lasts few hours after contact. Nematocyst venom of Millepora platyphylla (Mp-TX) was isolated according to a recent method developed in our laboratory to conduct a previous investigation on the nematocyst toxicity of Millepora dichotoma and M platyphylla. In this study, Mp-TX was fractionated by using both get filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Simultaneous biological and biochemical assays were performed to monitor the hemolytic (using washed human red blood cells, RBCs) and phospholipase A(2) (using radiolabeled sn-2 C-14- arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine as a substrate) active venom fractions. The magnitude of both hemolysis and phospholipase A2 activity was found in a fraction rich of proteins of molecular masses similar to30,000-34,000 Daltons. The former fraction was purified by ion exchange chromatography, and a major bioactive protein factor (approx. 32,500 Daltons, here named milleporin-1) was recovered. Milleporin-1 enzymatic activity showed a significant contribution to the overall hemolysis of human RBCs. This activity, however, could not be completely inhibited using phospholipid substrates. Melliporin-1 fraction retained about 30% hemolysis, until totally rendered inactive when boiled for 3 min. The overall mechanism of action of milleporin-1 to impact the cellular membrane was discussed; however, it is pending more biochemical and pharmacological future studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S Valley Univ, Fac Sci Sohag, Dept Zool, Sohag 82425, Egypt. RP Radwan, FFY (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Faisal.radwan@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 139 IS 4 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2004.12.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 899BT UT WOS:000227120600013 PM 15683837 ER PT J AU Battin, J AF Battin, J TI When good animals love bad habitats: Ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological trap; habitat quality; habitat selection; population dynamics; source-sink system ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; BROOD PARASITISM; COOPERS-HAWKS; PREDATION; FOREST; BIRDS; EDGES; SINKS AB The concept of the ecological trap, a low-quality habitat that animals prefer over other available habitats of higher quality, has appeared in the ecological literature irregularly for over 30 years, but the topic has received relatively little attention, and evidence for traps remains largely anecdotal. Recently, however, the ecological trap concept has been the subject of a flurry of theoretical activity that is likely to raise its profile substantially, particularly in conservation biology. Ecological trap theory suggests that, under most circumstances, the presence of a trap in a landscape will drive a local population to extinction. A number of empirical studies, almost all of birds, suggest the existence of traps and demonstrate the difficulties of recognizing them in the field. Evidence for ecological traps has primarily been found in habitats modified by human activities, either directly (e.g., through the mowing of grassland birds' nests) or indirectly (e.g., via human-mediated invasion of exotic species), but some studies suggest that traps may occur even in relatively pristine areas. Taken together, these theoretical and empirical results suggest that traps may be relatively common in rapidly changing landscapes. It is therefore important for conservation biologists to be able to identify traps and differentiate them from sinks. Commonly employed approaches for population modeling, which tend to assume a source-sink framework and do not consider habitat selection explicitly, may introduce faulty assumptions that mask the effects of ecological traps and lead to overly optimistic predictions about population persistence. Given the potentially dire consequences of ecological traps and the accumulating evidence for their existence, greater attention from the community of conservation biologists is warranted. In particular, it is important for conservation biologists and managers to incorporate into conservation planning an explicit understanding of the relationship between habitat selection and habitat quality. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Battin, J (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM james.battin@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 371 Z9 389 U1 30 U2 258 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1482 EP 1491 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00417.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879RT UT WOS:000225737300011 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Zhang, HC AF Oey, LY Zhang, HC TI The generation of subsurface cyclones and jets through eddy-slope interaction SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE loop current eddies; eddy-slope interaction; subsurface jets; hydraulic jump; upwelling/downwelling; bottom boundary layer ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; WESTERN GULF; MODEL SIMULATION; EDDIES; RING; TOPOGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; EQUATION AB A mechanism for the generation of subsurface cyclones and jets when a warm ring smashes onto a continental slope and shelf is proposed based on the results of a primitive-equation three-dimensional numerical model. The warm ring initially 'sits' over a slope with an adjoining shelf in a periodic channel, and its subsequent evolution is examined. The 'inviscid' response is cyclonic 'peeling-off' of the on-slope portion of the warm ring. The cyclone propagates away (to the left looking on-slope) from the warm ring, and is bottom-intensified as well as slope-trapped (cross-slope scale approximate to Rossby radius). The near-surface flow 'leaks' further onto the shelf while subsurface currents are blocked by the slope. The 'viscous' response consists of the formation of a bottom boundary layer (BBL) with a temporally and spatially dependent displacement thickness. The BBL 'lifts' the strong along-slope (leftward) current or jet (speed > 0.5 m s(-1)) away from the bottom. The jet, coupled with weak stratification within the BBL and convergence due to downwelling across the slope, becomes supercritical. Super-inertial disturbance in the form of a hydraulic jump or front, with strong upwelling and downwelling cell, and the jet, propagate along the slope as well as off-slope and upward into the water column. The upward propagation is halted at z approximate to z(trap) when mixing smoothes out the 'jump' to an along-slope scale that allows the ambient jet to bend the propagation path horizontal. At this 'matured' stage, z(trap) approximate to -250m, lambda(trap) approximate to 50 km, and the jet's cross-slope and vertical scales are approximate to 30 km and 50 m, respectively. An example that illustrates the process under a more realistic setting in the Gulf of Mexico when the Loop Current impinges upon the west Florida slope is given. The phenomenon may be relevant to the recent oil industry's measurements in the Gulf, which at times indicate jets at z approximate to -150 m through -400 m over the slope. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@splash.princeton.edu NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 18 BP 2109 EP 2131 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.007 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 877AB UT WOS:000225539100002 ER PT J AU Merico, A Tyrrell, T Lessard, EJ Oguz, T Stabeno, PJ Zeeman, SI Whitledge, TE AF Merico, A Tyrrell, T Lessard, EJ Oguz, T Stabeno, PJ Zeeman, SI Whitledge, TE TI Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering Sea shelf: role of climate influences and trophic interactions in generating Emiliania huxleyi blooms 1997-2000 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE modelling; Phytoplankton succession; Emiliania huxleyi; Bering Sea; trophic interactions ID MICROZOOPLANKTON HERBIVORY; COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INORGANIC CARBON; GROWTH-RATES; MIDDLE SHELF; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATERS AB Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (E huxleyi). This study is intended to provide an insight into the mechanisms of phytoplankton succession in the south-eastern part of the shelf during such years and addresses the causes of E. huxleyi success by means of a 2-layer ecosystem model, field data and satellite-derived information. A number of potential hypotheses are delineated based on observations conducted in the area and on previous knowledge of E huxleyi general ecology. Some of these hypotheses are then considered as causative factors and explored with the model. The unusual climatic conditions of 1997 resulted most notably in a particularly shallow mixed layer depth and high sea surface temperature (about 4degreesC above climatological mean). Despite the fact that the model could not reproduce for E huxleyi a clear non-bloom to bloom transition (pre- vs. post-1997), several tests suggest that this species was favoured by the shallow mixed layer depth in conjunction with a lack of photoinhibition. A top-down control by microzooplankton selectively grazing phytoplankton other than E huxleyi appears to be responsible for the long persistence of the blooms. Interestingly, observations reveal that the high N:P ratio hypothesis, regarded as crucial in the formation of blooms of this species in previous studies, does not hold on the Bering Sea shelf. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Turkey. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Merico, A (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM a.merico@soc.soton.ac.uk RI Merico, Agostino/C-1103-2013 OI Merico, Agostino/0000-0001-8095-8056 NR 61 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1803 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.003 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883VT UT WOS:000226044500002 ER PT J AU Stanev, E Staneva, J Bullister, JL Murray, JW AF Stanev, E Staneva, J Bullister, JL Murray, JW TI Ventilation of the Black Sea pycnocline. Parameterization of convection, numerical simulations and validations against observed chlorofluorocarbon data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE bosporus plume; convection; CFC data; numerical modeling ID EXCHANGE FLOW; Z-COORDINATE; WATER; CIRCULATION; BOSPORUS; MODELS; SCALE; STRATIFICATION; REPRESENTATION; SENSITIVITY AB Data from field observations and numerical model simulations are used to understand and quantify the pathways by which passive tracers penetrate into the Black Sea intermediate and deep layers. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations measured during the 1988 RN. Knorr cruise show strong decrease with increasing density in the Black Sea and illustrate the very slow rate of ventilation of deep water in this basin. We develop a 3D numerical model based on the Modular Ocean Model (MOM), and calibrate it in a way to produce consistent simulations of observed temperature, salinity and CFCs. One important feature is the implementation of a special parameterization for convection, which is an alternative of the convective adjustment in MOM and handles the penetration of the Bosporus plume into the halocline. The model forcing includes interannually variable wind, heat and water fluxes constructed from Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set and ECMWF atmospheric analysis data and river runoff data. The analysis of observations and simulated data are focused on correlations between thermohaline and tracer fields, dynamic control of ventilation, and the relative contributions of sources at the sea surface and outflow from the Bosporus Strait in the formation of intermediate and deep waters. A simple theory is developed which incorporates the outflow from the strait along with the vertical circulation (vertical turbulent mixing and Ekman upwelling) and reveals their mutual adjustment. The analyses of simulated and observed CFCs demonstrate that most of the CFC penetrating the deep layers has its source at the sea surface within the Black Sea rather than from the Marmara Sea via the Bosporus undercurrent. Under present-day conditions, the surface CFC signals have reached only the upper halocline. Intrusions below 600 m are not simulated. The major pathways of penetration of CFCs are associated with cold-water mass formation sites, Bosporus effluent, as well as with the diapycnal mixing in the area of Rim Current. Future CFC sampling strategies coherent with the unique conditions in the Black Sea are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sofia, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Sofia, Bulgaria. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stanev, E (reprint author), Univ Oldenburg, ICBM, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM stanev@phys.uni-sofia.bg OI Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2137 EP 2169 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.018 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883VT UT WOS:000226044500019 ER PT J AU Sugawara, A Fujikawa, K Takagi, S Chow, LC Nishiyama, M Murai, S AF Sugawara, A Fujikawa, K Takagi, S Chow, LC Nishiyama, M Murai, S TI Histopathological and cell enzyme studies of calcium phosphate cements SO DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cements; histopathological reactions; alkaline phosphate activity ID ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; HYDROXYAPATITE AB New types of self-setting calcium phosphate cement (N-CPC), which do not contain tetracalcium phosphate, were recently developed. N-CPCs harden in 10 minutes with phosphate solution as the cement liquid, and form hydroxyapatite as the set product. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the biocompatibility (Study I) and cell enzyme activity of N-CPCs and a conventional CPC (Study II). Four experimental cements were tested: (1) dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and calcium oxide; (2) DCPA and calcium hydroxide; (3) tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate; and (4) DCPA and tetracalcium phosphate. Phosphate solution was used as the cement liquid for cements (1)-(3), and water for cement (4). Sintered hydroxyapatite particles (5) were used as a control. The test materials were implanted subcutaneously in rats. Four weeks after operation, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological observations were performed. Cements (2) and (3) showed no inflammatory reaction, and were surrounded only by very thin fibrous connective tissues. The histopathological reactions of N-CPCs were nearly identical and were similar to (4) and (5). In addition, effects of alkaline phosphatase (ALP-ase) activity - invoked by the presence of cements (3) and (4) - on osteoblast-like cells derived from dog alveolar bone were also examined because ALP-ase activity is closely related to new bone formation. These results indicated that (3) and (4) were highly compatible with subcutaneous tissues and suggested that these cements may enhance now bone formation. C1 Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Mat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Periodontol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sugawara, A (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Mat, Chiyoda Ku, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo, Japan. EM aki@dr-sugawara.com FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 11789] NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES PI TOKYO PA C/O KOKU HOKEN KYOKAI, 1-43-9 KAMAGOME TS BDG, KOMAGONE, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170-0003, JAPAN SN 0287-4547 J9 DENT MATER J JI Dent. Mater. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 613 EP 620 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 906CR UT WOS:000227618600027 PM 15688728 ER PT J AU Shelden, KEW Rugh, DJ Schulman-Janiger, A AF Shelden, KEW Rugh, DJ Schulman-Janiger, A TI Gray whales born north of Mexico: Indicator of recovery or consequence of regime shift? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE birth; calf; California; calving lagoons; counting stations; Eschrichtius robustus; gray whale; Mexico; migration; recovery ID ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; BERING-SEA; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; AERIAL; COUNT; COAST AB Every winter, most gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) of the eastern North Pacific stock migrate from feeding areas in the Arctic to warm, shallow lagoons in Mexico, covering a distance of 15 000-20 000 km roundtrip. It is hypothesized that this migration to warmer climes is undertaken to reduce the whales' thermoregulatory energy requirement during winter when food resources are low. Calves are particularly vulnerable as they have yet to acquire a thick layer of blubber. Prior to the mid-1970s, newborn calves were seen primarily in Mexico's lagoons. However, since 1980, shore-based observers have reported increased numbers of calf sightings north of Mexico. Calves were greatly under-represented in the shore-based records as rarely did more than one independent observer at a time recognize the presence of a calf and a strong nearshore preference was not evident from the aerial data. Although cows with calves were difficult to detect, significant increases in average annual calf counts occurred at two counting stations in California, USA; counts increased in the late 1970s at a station near San Diego (southern California) and in the mid-1980s at a station near Carmel (central California). This trend is probably more than an increased emphasis on reporting calf sightings over the years for two reasons: (1) The first reports of calves stranding north of Mexico during the southbound migration occurred after 1976; and (2) calves were absent during many of the earlier censuses, and when they were seen, most appeared near the end of each migration. In subsequent years, calf sightings spread through the respective seasons, first at the southern stations (sometime after 1969) and then farther north (sometime after 1980). Increased calf counts at the northern stations were strongly correlated with warmer sea surface temperature anomalies. The interannual increase in calf sightings may be related to the increased abundance of the population, to changes in ocean climate, or to both factors. A one-week shift in the timing of the southbound migration since 1980 placed the mean passage date for pregnant females near Carmel at 8 or 9 January, coinciding with earlier estimates of median calving date (10-13 January). Assuming the median parturition date has not changed, this would mean that nearly half of the calving now occurs north of Carmel. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Amer Cetacean Soc, Los Angeles Chapter, San Pedro, CA 90733 USA. RP Shelden, KEW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kim.shelden@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1805 DI 10.1890/03-5349 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881IV UT WOS:000225858000015 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Chan, KS Bailey, KM Stenseth, NC AF Ciannelli, L Chan, KS Bailey, KM Stenseth, NC TI Nonadditive effects of the environment on the survival of a large marine fish population SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density dependence; environmental change; Gulf of Alaska; nonadditivity; phase dependence; Theragra chalcogramma; walleye pollock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ASYMPTOTIC OPTIMALITY; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; DYNAMICS; ALASKA; CLIMATE AB Climate can affect population dynamics in indirect ways via nonadditive forcing, by external variables on internal demographic rates. Current analytical techniques, employed in population ecology, fail to explicitly include nonadditive interactions between internal and external variables, and therefore cannot efficiently address indirect climate effects. Here, we present the results of all analysis, employing specifically developed statistical methodology, on density-dependent survival of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) prerecruitment stages in relation to background environmental variables in the Gulf of Alaska. We found that spring winds and water temperature mediate the intensity of density-dependent survival from the eggs to the age-0 stage. Fall water temperature and juvenile pollock predator abundance mediate density dependence from the age-0 to the age-1 stage. The inclusion of such nonadditive and nonlinear effects in a population dynamics model improved our ability to simulate pollock recruitment. Our results point to the importance of understanding nonadditive and nonlinear interactions between external (climate) and internal factors in the presence of underlying environmental variation. These topics are discussed in the context of current research priorities in population ecology and conservation biology. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM n.c.stenseth@bio.uio.no NR 43 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3418 EP 3427 DI 10.1890/03-0755 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 887HV UT WOS:000226297500022 ER PT J AU Petre, M Budgen, D Scholtz, J AF Petre, M Budgen, D Scholtz, J TI A focus on the human side of software engineering SO EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE psychology of programming; empirical studies; EASE; PPIG C1 Open Univ, Fac Math & Comp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Keele, Sch Comp & Math, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Petre, M (reprint author), Open Univ, Fac Math & Comp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM m.petre@open.ac.uk; d.budgen@cs.keele.ac.uk; jean.scholtz@nist.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-3256 J9 EMPIR SOFTW ENG JI Empir. Softw. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1023/B:EMSE.0000039879.61459.55 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 863NR UT WOS:000224569200001 ER PT J AU Schuler, LJ Landrum, PF Lydy, MJ AF Schuler, LJ Landrum, PF Lydy, MJ TI Time-dependent toxicity of fluoranthene to freshwater invertebrates and the role of biotransformation on lethal body residues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON CRITERIA; HYALELLA-AZTECA; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NARCOTIC CHEMICALS; TECHNICAL BASIS; FATHEAD MINNOW; PAH TOXICITY; TOXICOKINETICS AB The time-dependent toxicity of fluoranthene was examined for Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Diporeia spp. C. tentans appeared to be the most sensitive species, and Diporeia was the least sensitive. Incipient LC50 values, the concentration at which the LC50 reaches an asymptote and does not change with increasing duration of exposure, for H. azteca and C. tentans were approximately 60 and 40 mug(.)L(-1), respectively. Incipient levels were not reached for Diporeia; however, the 28-d LC50 concentration was 95.5 mug(.)L(1). There was a temporal relationship with respect to lethal body residues for each of the test species. For H. azteca, the LR50, the median lethal residue at an identified exposure time required to cause 50% mortality, based on total fluoranthene equivalents (parent + metabolite compounds) decreased from 3.19 mumol(.)g(-1) at 5 d to 0.80 mumol(.)g(-1) at 28 d. For C. tentans, the LR50 decreased from 0.43 to 0.17 mumol(.)g(-1) from 2 to 10 d. The 10-d LR50 for Diporeia was 9.97 mumol(.)g(-1), and the 28-d value was 3.67 mumol(.)g(-1). The toxicokinetics are not sufficient to address the temporal changes in LR50 values. Thus, the data were fit to a Damage Assessment Model that also accounts for toxicodynamic processes. This analysis provides estimates of the incipient lethal residues for H. azteca, C. tentans, and Diporeia: 0.84, 0.21, and 3.00 mumol(.)g(-1), respectively. When comparing the relative sensitivity among species using lethal body residues, special attention should be given to ensure that comparisons are made at a common point in relation to exposure duration (i.e., time to steady state, T-ss). When the LR50(lipid) values among the three species were compared at steady state, C. tentans is more sensitive than H. azteca and Diporeia spp.; however, there are no significant differences between the amphipod species. The greater sensitivity of C. tentans to fluoranthene as compared to the amphipods may be due, in part, to a potential toxic metabolite. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6247 EP 6255 DI 10.1021/es049844z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900019 PM 15597878 ER PT J AU Shaheen, PA Manderson, JP Fahay, MP AF Shaheen, PA Manderson, JP Fahay, MP TI Stage-specific spatial and temporal variability in the diets of larval winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in a northeastern US estuarine nursery SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; PREY SIZE; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ATLANTIC ESTUARY; FISH ABUNDANCE; RIVER ESTUARY; GROWTH-RATES; RHODE-ISLAND; SEA; ZOOPLANKTON AB Collections of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) larvae were made biweekly from March to May in 1999 and 2000 in the Navesink River-Sandy Hook Bay estuarine system, New Jersey, to determine stage-specific spatial and temporal variability in diets. Relatively high percentages of larvae with empty guts were found at low water temperatures. Percentages of empty guts did not differ by larval stage (preflexion and postflexion) or region of collection (river and bay). There was high intraregional variability in percentages of larvae with empty guts. Nauplii, invertebrate eggs, and polychaete larvae were dominant prey items followed by tintinnids, bivalve and gastropod veligers, and diatoms. Ontogenetic dietary shifts were evident in both years. Preflexion winter flounder largely consumed nauplii, invertebrate eggs, and tintinnids; postflexion winter flounder consumed the largest prey (polychaete larvae) but also retained small prey items in their diets. Water temperature significantly affected the percentages of larvae feeding on nauplii (p < 0.05) and tintinimids (p < 0.08) in 2000. Region of collection was not significantly related to diets because of high intraregional variability. Fine scale spatial (within regions, stations were approximately 3 km apart) and temporal (weeks) dietary variation of larval winter flounder could result in accompanying variation in development, growth stage duration, and survival. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Shaheen, PA (reprint author), 15 Wigwam Rd, Locust, NJ 07760 USA. EM PatriciaShaheen@aol.com NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 958 EP 965 DI 10.1007/BF02803422 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 888KZ UT WOS:000226374200007 ER PT J AU Byrnes, WM Vilker, VL AF Byrnes, WM Vilker, VL TI Extrinsic factors potassium chloride and glycerol induce thermostability in recombinant anthranilate synthase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE anthranilate synthase; hyperthermophile; thermostable; cooperative; extrinsic factor ID HYPERTHERMOPHILE PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; SYNTHETASE; TRYPTOPHAN; ENZYME; RECONSTITUTION; PURIFICATION AB Thermostable anthranilate synthase from the marine sulfate-reducing hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The functional enzyme is an alpha(2)beta(2) heterotetrameric complex of molecular mass 150 +/- 15 kDa. It is composed of two TrpE ( 50 kDa) and two TrpG ( 18 kDa) subunits. The extrinsic factors glycerol (25%) and potassium chloride ( 2 M) stabilized the recombinant enzyme against thermal inactivation. In the presence of these extrinsic factors, the enzyme was highly thermostable, exhibiting a half-life of thermal inactivation of about 1 h at 85 degreesC. The kinetic constants for the enzyme under these conditions were: K-m (chorismate) 84 muM, K-m (glutamine) 7.0 mM, k(cat) 0.25 s(-1), and pH optimum 8.0. The enzyme was competitively, though non-cooperatively, inhibited by tryptophan. C1 Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Byrnes, WM (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM wbyrnes@howard.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [2G12RR003048] NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD DEC PY 2004 VL 8 IS 6 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00792-004-0406-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 884XK UT WOS:000226119800004 PM 15235940 ER PT J AU Ito, S Kishi, MJ Kurita, Y Oozeki, Y Yamanaka, Y Megrey, BA Werner, FE AF Ito, S Kishi, MJ Kurita, Y Oozeki, Y Yamanaka, Y Megrey, BA Werner, FE TI Initial design for a fish bioenergetics model of Pacific saury coupled to a lower trophic ecosystem model SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE fish/ecosystem coupled model; Kuroshio-Oyashio region; Pacific saury ID COLOLABIS-SAIRA; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC; FOOD CONVERSION; GROWTH; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; ENERGETICS; DYNAMICS; LAKE AB A fish bioenergetics model coupled with an ecosystem model was developed to reproduce the growth of Pacific saury. The model spatially covers three different oceanographic spatial domains corresponding to the Kuroshio, Oyashio, and interfrontal (mixed water) regions. In this coupled model, three (small, large, and predatory) zooplankton densities which were derived from the lower trophic level ecosystem model were input to the bioenergetics model of saury as the prey densities. Although certain model parameters were imposed from other species' bioenergetics, several model parameters were estimated from observational data specific to Pacific saury. The integrated model results reproduced appropriate growth rates of Pacific saury. Model sensitivities to water temperature and prey density are examined and observational methods to evaluate the model parameters are discussed. C1 Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Hachinohe Branch, Hachinohe, Aomori 0310841, Japan. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku N10W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Global Warming Res Program, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Ito, S (reprint author), Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama Cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. EM goito@affrc.go.jp RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 SU 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2004.00307.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 893MK UT WOS:000226723100011 ER PT J AU Helser, TE Punt, AE Methot, RD AF Helser, TE Punt, AE Methot, RD TI A generalized linear mixed model analysis of a multi-vessel fishery resource survey SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trawl survey; generalized linear mixed model; delta distribution; gamma distribution ID LOGNORMAL-BASED ESTIMATORS; TRAWL SURVEY; ABUNDANCE; ROBUSTNESS; GROUNDFISH; CATCH AB A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) that treats year and spatial cell as fixed effects while treating vessel as a random effect is used to examine fishing power among chartered industry-based vessels and a research trawler, the FRV Miller Freeman, for bottom trawl surveys on the upper continental slope of U.S. West coast. A Bernoulli distribution is used to model the probability of a non-zero haul and the gamma distribution to model the non-zero catch rates of four groundfish species. The use of vessel as a random effect allows the data for the various vessels to be combined and a single continuous time-series of biomass indices to be developed for stock assessment purposes. The GLMMs fit the data reasonably well. Among the different models examined, the GLMM incorporating a random vessel x year effect had the smallest DeltaAIC and was thus chosen as the best model. Also, estimated random effects coefficients associated with the industry-based vessels and the FRV Miller Freeman for each year suggests that these vessels can be assumed to be from a common random effects distribution. These results suggest that combining data from the chartered industry-based vessels and from the research trawler may be appropriate to develop indices of abundance for stock assessment purposes. Finally, an evaluation of variances associated with abundance indices from the different models indicate that analyzing these data as a fixed effect GLM may underestimate the level of variability due to ignoring the grouped nature of tows within vessels. As such, use of a mixed model approach with vessel as a random effect is a reasonable approach to developing abundance indices and their variances. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM thomas.helser@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.007 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 882MT UT WOS:000225943700009 ER PT J AU Ortiz, M Arocha, F AF Ortiz, M Arocha, F TI Alternative error distribution models for standardization of catch rates of non-target species from a pelagic longline fishery: billfish species in the Venezuelan tuna longline fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE generalized linear models; effort; catch; billfish; CPUE ID ABUNDANCE AB Alternative error distributions were evaluated for calculating indices of relative abundance for non-target species using catch and effort data from commercial fisheries. A general procedure is presented for testing the underlying assumptions of different error distributions. Catch rates, from an observer program, of billfish caught mainly as bycatch in a pelagic tuna longline fishery in the Western Central Atlantic were standardized. Although catches of billfishes are not common in pelagic tuna longline fisheries, these fisheries are one of the main sources of fishing mortality for these stocks in the central Atlantic due to the magnitude and spatial extent of longline fishing effort. Billfish CPUE data are highly skewed with a large proportion of zero observations. Delta distribution models can accommodate this type of data, and involve modeling the probability of a non-zero observation and the catch rate given that the catch is non-zero separately. Three different Delta models were compared against other error distributions, including the lognormal, log-gamma, and Poisson. Diagnostic checks and deviance table analyses were performed to identify the best error distribution and the set of factors and interactions that most adequately explained the observed variability. The results indicated that the Delta-lognormal model (a binomial error distribution for the probability of a non-zero catch and lognormal error for the positive catch rates) complied best with the underlying characteristics of the data set. Analyses of catch rates for blue marlin, white marlin and sailfish confirmed the spatio-temporal nature of their distribution in the central Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Also, the analyses indicated that catch rates of billfish differed among fishing vessel types; larger vessels had a higher probability of catching blue marlin, the more oceanic-oriented species, and lower probabilities of catching the more coastal-oriented species white marlin and sailfish. Standardized catch rates indicated in general a lower relative abundance for blue and white marlin in the most recent years, although estimated confidence intervals overlap through the years especially for white marlin. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Oriente, Inst Oceanograf Venezuela, Cumana 6101, Venezuela. RP Ortiz, M (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mauricio.ortiz@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.028 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 882MT UT WOS:000225943700011 ER PT J AU Stephens, A MacCall, A AF Stephens, A MacCall, A TI A multispecies approach to subsetting logbook data for purposes of estimating CPUE SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CPUE; catch-per-unit-effort; logistic regression; habitat; multispecies AB An initial step in catch and effort analysis is determination of what subset of the data is relevant to the analysis. We propose an objective approach to subsetting trip records of catch and effort data when fishing locations are unknown; the species composition taken on a fishing trip is used to infer if that trip's fishing effort occurred in a habitat where the species of interest (the target species) is likely to occur. We use a logistic regression of multispecies presence-absence information to predict the probability that the target species would be present. A critical value of probability that best predicts target species presence and absence in the data set forms an objective basis for subsetting the trip records. We test this approach by applying it to a data set where individual fishing locations are known, and we show that the method is an effective substitute for information on individual fishing locations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Stephens, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM andi@soe.ucsc.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.009 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 882MT UT WOS:000225943700012 ER PT J AU Dick, EJ AF Dick, EJ TI Beyond 'lognormal versus gamma': discrimination among error distributions for generalized linear models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE generalized linear model; likelihood function; Akaike's information criterion; lognormal; gamma; Weibull; log-logistic; inverse gaussian distributions ID ABUNDANCE; TRANSFORMATIONS; ESTIMATORS; FISH AB The process of model selection includes making an assumption about the distribution of 'errors' about the mean response. Generalized linear models (GLMs) offer considerable flexibility in this regard. However, graphical methods for identifying potential error distributions can fail to discriminate among sets of candidate error distributions. I examine an information-theoretic approach to this issue, which ranks candidate models (error distributions) using Akaike's information criterion (AIC). I evaluate the effectiveness of this technique using Monte Carlo simulation by generating pseudorandom data from five skewed distributions: lognormal, gamma, Weibull, log-logistic, and inverse Gaussian. I then fit each data set under all five distributional assumptions, and examine how well AIC identifies the distribution that generated the data. On the basis of the simulations, I suggest that AIC is effective at identifying the data-generating distribution, given moderate to large sample sizes. I then fit four candidate models to data drawn from a mixture of four distributions with common expectations and coefficients of variation (CVs). AIC did not show strong support for a particular candidate model given small samples of 'mixed' data, although larger samples selected the gamma distribution for CVs of 0.5 and 1.0, and the Weibull distribution for CVs of 1.5 and 2.0. Finally, I apply this technique in a GLM setting to several fisheries-independent and -dependent data sets to select the error distribution that is best supported by the data. Twenty-one out of 24 fisheries data sets examined showed strong support for one of the five candidate error distributions and the remaining moderate support for two. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Dick, EJ (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM edward.dick@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.013 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 882MT UT WOS:000225943700016 ER PT J AU Lai, HL Helser, T AF Lai, HL Helser, T TI Linear mixed-effects models for weight-length relationships SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE weight-length relationship; linear mixed-effects model; grouped data; index of condition; group means of residuals ID MEASUREMENT ERROR MODELS; MANAGEMENT; INDEX AB Length and weight data are often analyzed in fisheries science to derive a parametric weight-length relationship for estimating biomass and to develop indices of condition for comparing the 'wellness' of different populations of fish. However, analysis of such data often ignores the inherent spatial and temporal grouping of the observations, and hence, the data hierarchy. This paper proposes the use of linear mixed-effects models as an effective means of analyzing and comparing weight-length relationships and indices of condition when there are many groups. The use of simple linear regression (where grouping is ignored), ANCOVA (where group effects are incorporated as fixed-effects), and linear mixed-effects models (where group effects are random-effects) are compared using data for Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus). The group means of residuals is proposed as a measure of relative weight or index of population condition. Linear mixed-effects models should be used to analyze grouped data because the variability among groups is ignored in simple linear regression and ANCOVA. Also, it is important that explanatory variables be incorporated in analyses of grouped data because their influence may mask the true differences among groups. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Lai, HL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd,E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM han-lin.lai@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2-3 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.014 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 882MT UT WOS:000225943700018 ER PT J AU Nash, CE AF Nash, CE TI Achieving policy objectives to increase the value of the seafood industry in the United States: the technical feasibility and associated constraints SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; national policy; seafood production; offshore development; spatial dimensions; capital investment; offshore technology; constraints; public attitudes AB The paper first conceptualizes a program to triple the current value of aquaculture in the United States by 2025 to achieve production-driven policy objectives set by the Department of Commerce for the national industry. The program quantifies arbitrary targets for fish and shellfish, and outlines technical approaches. It discusses its spatial impact on the marine environment, concluding it is small compared with the number and magnitude of Marine Sanctuaries and Marine Protected Areas in federal and state waters. It discusses the magnitude of the task, concluding it is challenging but technologically feasible given an immediate start. Secondly, the paper identifies and explains many non-technical constraints. These include increasing per capita consumption of seafood, marketing seafood products, security of tenure and legislation, the availability of capital for investment, the need for aquafeeds, and changing economic and social attitudes. Each includes a description of efforts by the public and private sectors to overcome them, and where appropriate offers some solutions and directions for research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Nash, CE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM colin.nash@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 6 BP 621 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.10.001 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886KR UT WOS:000226226600003 ER PT J AU Beniston, M Diaz, HF AF Beniston, M Diaz, HF TI The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel, Switzerland SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE 2003 heat wave; Basel; Switzerland; greenhouse climate ID VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; EUROPE AB The heat wave that affected many parts of Europe during the course of summer 2003 may be a harbinger of summers that could occur more regularly in a future climate, under enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Switzerland was not exempt from the 2003 heat wave and, indeed, the previous absolute maximum temperature record dating back to the middle of the 20th century was exceeded by over 2 degreesC. Regional climate simulations undertaken for the European region emphasize the fact that summers will become progressively as hot as the 2003 event, such that in the latter pan of the 21 st century, it is likely to become the norm. On the basis of this study, the 2003 event should be considered as a "shape of things to come" and thereby prompt timely decision making in tennis of appropriate adaptation and mitiagation strategies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. NOAA, CDC, OAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Beniston, M (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. EM martin.beniston@unifr.ch OI BENISTON, Martin/0000-0002-3782-5458 NR 16 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.006 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 884CP UT WOS:000226062500006 ER PT J AU Shin, MK AF Shin, MK TI Multicast delivery using Xcast in IPv6 networks SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE multicast; Xcast (eXplicit multicast); IPv6; ASM (Any Source Multicast); SSM (Source-Specific Multicast) AB Due to the cost of multicast state management, multicast address allocation, inter-domain multicast routing of traditional IP multicast scheme, ASM leads to a search for other multicast schemes. This paper presents a new solution to the problems mentioned above based on IPv6. The proposed scheme provides an enhanced scheme supporting the strengths of SSM in basic Xcast. This is achieved by adding MLDv2 operations at recipient's side and a new control plane into existing Xcast. The proposed scheme does not only provide the transparency of traditional multicast schemes to sources and recipients, but it also enhances the routing efficiency in networks. Intermediate routers do not have to maintain multicast state, so that it results in a more efficient and scalable mechanism to deliver native multicast datagrams. Also, the seamless integration in Mobile IPv6 can support multicast efficiently for mobile nodes in IPv6 networks by avoiding tunnel avalanches and tunnel convergence. We've attempted to prove this alternative architecture by both simulation and implementation, respectively. Our approach cannot fundamentally perform for many large groups distributed widely as effectively as traditional multicast schemes. However, we believe that the resulting scheme is simple, efficient, robust, transparent, and to the extent possible, scalable in case that recipients are clustered in subnets. C1 NIST, ETRI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, MK (reprint author), NIST, ETRI, 820 W Diamond Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mshin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG MINATO-KU SHIBAKOEN 3 CHOME, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0916-8532 J9 IEICE T INF SYST JI IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. PD DEC PY 2004 VL E87D IS 12 BP 2548 EP 2557 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 880GK UT WOS:000225776800004 ER PT J AU Costa, D Weise, M Kuhn, K Shaffer, S Arnould, J Sterling, J Crocker, D Burns, J AF Costa, D Weise, M Kuhn, K Shaffer, S Arnould, J Sterling, J Crocker, D Burns, J TI Physiological capacity correlates with diving behavior among sea lions and fur seals SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NMFS Seattle, Seattle, WA USA. Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. EM costa@biology.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 539 EP 539 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721400117 ER PT J AU Geiss, AA Wibbels, T Vega, L Lira, D Acosta, R Pena, J Burchfield, P Schroeder, B AF Geiss, AA Wibbels, T Vega, L Lira, D Acosta, R Pena, J Burchfield, P Schroeder, B TI Six-year evaluation of hatchling Kemp's ridle sex ratios produced in the conservation program at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Inst Nacl Pesca, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM aageis@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 699 EP 699 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401295 ER PT J AU Park, A Wibbels, T Vega, L Lira, D Acosta, R Pena, J Burchfield, P Schroeder, B AF Park, A Wibbels, T Vega, L Lira, D Acosta, R Pena, J Burchfield, P Schroeder, B TI Validation of temperature-based methods for estimating hatchling sex ratios in the Kemp's ridley sea turtle SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM twibbels@uab.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 734 EP 734 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401438 ER PT J AU Jackson, M Hockel, H Lauters, M Allen, MD Evenson, KM AF Jackson, M Hockel, H Lauters, M Allen, MD Evenson, KM TI Frequency measurements of optically pumped laser emissions from the CHD2OH methanol isotope SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE three-laser heterodyne; frequency measurements; optically pumped molecular laser; CHD2OH ID FAR-INFRARED LASER; LINES; CO2-LASER AB A three-laser heterodyne system was used to measure the frequencies of eleven optically pumped laser emissions from CHD2OH in the far-infrared (FIR) region. These frequencies, reported with fractional uncertainties of the order +/- 2 X 10(-7), are for emissions ranging from 102.9 to 212.4 mum. To our knowledge, these measurements are the first reported FIR laser frequencies for the CHD2OH methanol isotope when used as an optically pumped laser medium. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Xilinx Inc, Longmont, CO 80503 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jackson, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1711 EP 1717 DI 10.1007/s10762-004-0192-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 880IY UT WOS:000225784700001 ER PT J AU Gebbie, JG Jensen, MK Domanski, PA Didion, DA AF Gebbie, JG Jensen, MK Domanski, PA Didion, DA TI Experimental pure fluid and binary mixture performance in a heat pump equipped with a distillation column SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE design; heat pump; distillation; experiment; binary mixture R-32; R-134a ID ZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANT MIXTURES AB An experimental heat pump system that included a distillation column, accumulator/sump, and heater was experimentally investigated using two different working fluids, R32 and a mixture of R32/134a. Performance variations with changes in sump heater power, condenser and evaporator heat transfer fluid flow, and compressor speed were examined. Heating capacity generally increased with increases in the factors tested. Heating capacity increases were generally smaller with the R32/134a tests than with the R32 tests, except with variations in sump heater power. An increase in sump heater power caused a pronounced increase in the circulating R32 concentration during the mixture tests, and the heating capacity increased markedly. The increase in heating capacity with sump heater power during the R32/134a tests was on par with the increase with compressor power during these same tests. The increase in capacity with sump heater power during the R32/134a tests also was substantial even when compared with the capacity increase with compressor speed during the R32 tests. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gebbie, JG (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM gebbij@earthlink.net NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 8 BP 940 EP 947 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.05.003 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 883KA UT WOS:000226008800015 ER PT J AU Anh, DTN Arslan, A Travis, J Smith, M Schafer, R Kramer, GW AF Anh Dao Thi Nguyen Arslan, Aykut Travis, John Smith, Melody Schaefer, Reinhold Kramer, Gary W. TI Molecular Spectrometry Data Interchange Applications for NIST's SpectroML SO JALA LA English DT Article DE markup language; XML; SpectroML; UV/Vis data; molecular spectroscopy data; data interchange; data archiving; interchange format AB SpectroML, a markup language for ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data, has been developed as a "Web-aware'' mechanism for instrument-to-instrument, instrument-to-application, and application-to-application data interchange and archiving. This article documents the application of SpectroML to the interchange and archiving of measurement data from three spectrophotometers that are used in the NIST optical filter standards program. It describes how result data from the NIST national reference spectrophotometer and two commercial spectrophotometers are converted into SpectroML format and how SpectroML-formatted data and metadata are imported into the optical filter standards database. (JALA 2004;9:346-54) C1 [Anh Dao Thi Nguyen; Arslan, Aykut; Travis, John; Smith, Melody; Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anh Dao Thi Nguyen; Arslan, Aykut; Schaefer, Reinhold] Univ Appl Sci, Wiesbaden Comp Integrated Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Kramer, GW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gary.Kramer@nist.gov FU NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program FX This project is funded (in part) by NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program. Initiated in 1994 under the federal government's High Performance Computing and Communications effort, SIMA is addressing manufacturing systems integration problems through applications of information technologies and development of standards-based solutions. With technical activities in all of NIST's laboratories covering a broad spectrum of engineering and manufacturing domains, SIMA is making information interpretable among systems and people within and across networked enterprises. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 2211-0682 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2004.09.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V26ND UT WOS:000208551400004 ER PT J AU Schafer, BA Poetz, D Kramer, GW AF Schaefer, Burkhard A. Poetz, Dominik Kramer, Gary W. TI Documenting Laboratory Workflows Using the Analytical Information Markup Language SO JALA LA English DT Article DE result data management; experiment documentation; audit trail; electronic signatures; XML AB The Analytical Information Markup Language (AnIML) is a standardization effort of ASTM (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) Subcommittee E13.15 on Analytical Data. AnIML provides an XML-based format for analytical data. It is designed specifically for spectroscopy and chromatography data, but is suitable for use with many different analytical measurement techniques. AnIML consists of a generic core structure that permits the storage of arbitrary analytical data. These include multi-dimensional data, name-value pairs, and hierarchies. The concept of technique definitions permits the formal specification of constraints for usage of the core. This way, a definition can prescribe how the data for specific measurement techniques should be captured in the data file. To address changing requirements, AnIML supports an extension concept that allows vendors or end users to specify additional data that should be stored for a technique. These extensions can also be formally documented so that they do not break compatibility with existing software. This article presents an overview of AnIML and demonstrates how AnIML can be used to record data from everyday experimental workflows in a laboratory environment. Issues related to the usage of AnIML in regulated environments are also discussed, including the use of digital signatures and audit trail functionality to ensure data integrity. (JALA 2004;9:375-81) C1 [Schaefer, Burkhard A.; Poetz, Dominik; Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schaefer, Burkhard A.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Comp Sci, D-6750 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Poetz, Dominik] Univ Appl Sci, Dept Comp Sci, Wiesbaden Comp Integrated Lab, Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Schafer, BA (reprint author), Postfach 41145, D-55068 Mainz, Germany. EM burkhard.schaefer@bubusoft.com FU NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program FX This project is funded (in part) by NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 2211-0682 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2004.10.003 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V26ND UT WOS:000208551400007 ER PT J AU Balzar, D Audebrand, N Daymond, MR Fitch, A Hewat, A Langford, JI Le Bail, A Louer, D Masson, O McCowan, CN Popa, NC Stephens, PW Toby, BH AF Balzar, D Audebrand, N Daymond, MR Fitch, A Hewat, A Langford, JI Le Bail, A Louer, D Masson, O McCowan, CN Popa, NC Stephens, PW Toby, BH TI Size-strain line-broadening analysis of the ceria round-robin sample SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; PROFILE ANALYSIS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-STRAIN; VOIGT-FUNCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; APPROXIMATION AB The results of both a line-broadening study on a ceria sample and a size - strain round robin on diffraction line-broadening methods, which was sponsored by the Commission on Powder Diffraction of the International Union of Crystallography, are presented. The sample was prepared by heating hydrated ceria at 923 K for 45 h. Another ceria sample was prepared to correct for the effects of instrumental broadening by annealing commercially obtained ceria at 1573 K for 3 h and slowly cooling it in the furnace. The diffraction measurements were carried out with two laboratory and two synchrotron X-ray sources, two constant-wavelength neutron and a time-of-flight (TOF) neutron source. Diffraction measurements were analyzed by three methods: the model assuming a lognormal size distribution of spherical crystallites, Warren-Averbach analysis and Rietveld refinement. The last two methods detected a relatively small strain in the sample, as opposed to the first method. Assuming a strain-free sample, the results from all three methods agree well. The average real crystallite size, on the assumption of a spherical crystallite shape, is 191 (5) Angstrom. The scatter of results given by different instruments is relatively small, although significantly larger than the estimated standard uncertainties. The Rietveld refinement results for this ceria sample indicate that the diffraction peaks can be successfully approximated with a pseudo-Voigt function. In a common approximation used in Rietveld refinement programs, this implies that the size-broadened profile cannot be approximated by a Lorentzian but by a full Voigt or pseudo-Voigt function. In the second part of this paper, the results of the round robin on the size - strain line-broadening analysis methods are presented, which was conducted through the participation of 18 groups from 12 countries. Participants have reported results obtained by analyzing data that were collected on the two ceria samples at seven instruments. The analysis of results received in terms of coherently diffracting, both volume-weighted and area-weighted apparent domain size are reported. Although there is a reasonable agreement, the reported results on the volume-weighted domain size show significantly higher scatter than those on the area-weighted domain size. This is most likely due to a significant number of results reporting a high value of strain. Most of those results were obtained by Rietveld refinement in which the Gaussian size parameter was not refined, thus erroneously assigning size-related broadening to other effects. A comparison of results with the average of the three-way comparative analysis from the first part shows a good agreement. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Rennes 1, Inst Chim, Chim Solide & Inorgan Mol Lab, CNRS,UMR 6511, F-35042 Rennes, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. ILL, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Maine, Lab Fluorures, CNRS, UMR 6010, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France. Natl Inst Mat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balzar, D (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, 2112 E Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM balzar@du.edu RI Popa, Nicolae/B-8182-2011; Le Bail, Armel/B-2880-2008; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; OI Le Bail, Armel/0000-0002-6097-3635; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 60 TC 206 Z9 210 U1 5 U2 66 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 37 BP 911 EP 924 DI 10.1107/S0021889804022551 PN 6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 870FP UT WOS:000225043300009 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T Silva, TJ Nibarger, JP Rasing, T AF Gerrits, T Silva, TJ Nibarger, JP Rasing, T TI Large-angle magnetization dynamics investigated by vector-resolved magnetization-induced optical second-harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM PERMALLOY; REVERSAL DYNAMICS; FIELD; MICROSCOPY AB We examine the relationship between nonlinear magnetic responses and the change in the Gilbert damping parameter alpha for patterned and unpatterned thin Permalloy films when subjected to pulsed magnetic fields. An improved magnetization-vector-resolved technique utilizing magnetization-induced optical second-harmonic generation was used to measure magnetization dynamics after pulsed-field excitation. The magnetization excitations were achieved with pulsed fields aligned parallel to the hard axis of thin permalloy (Ni80Fe20) films while a dc bias field is applied along the easy axis. At low bias fields, alpha was inversely related to the bias field, but there was no significant reduction in the absolute value of the magnetization, as might be expected if there was significant spin-wave generation during the damping process. We discuss the discrepancies between data obtained by ferromagnetic resonance, whereby spin-wave generation is prevalent, and pulsed-field studies, with the conclusion that fundamental differences between the two techniques for the excitation of the ferromagnetic spin system might explain the different proclivities toward spin-wave generation manifest in these two experimental methods. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NSRIM Inst, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Rasing, Theo/D-5207-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6023 EP 6028 DI 10.1063/1.1811783 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800010 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Clemons, E Kagley, AN Stafford, C Glass, AC Jacobson, K Reno, P Myers, MS Casillas, E Loge, E Johnson, LL Collier, TK AF Arkoosh, MR Clemons, E Kagley, AN Stafford, C Glass, AC Jacobson, K Reno, P Myers, MS Casillas, E Loge, E Johnson, LL Collier, TK TI Survey of pathogens in juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. migrating through Pacific Northwest estuaries SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; VIRAL ERYTHROCYTIC NECROSIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COHO SALMON; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; NANOPHYETUS-SALMINCOLA; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; CAUSATIVE AGENT AB Although the adverse impact of pathogens on salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest is often discussed and recognized, little is currently known regarding the incidence and corresponding significance of delayed disease-induced mortalities. In the study reported herein, we surveyed the presence and prevalence of selected micro- and macroparasites in out-migrant juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from 12 coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest over a 6-year period (1996-2001). The major finding of this study was the widespread occurrence of pathogens in wild salmon from Pacific Northwest estuaries. The six most prevalent pathogens infecting both juvenile Chinook and coho salmon were Renibacterium salmoninarum, Nanophyetus salmincola, an erythrocytic cytoplasmic virus (erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome or erythrocytic necrosis virus), and three gram-negative bacteria (Listonella anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas salmonicida). The most prevalent pathogen in both Chinook and coho salmon was N. salmincola, followed by the pathogens R. salmoninarum and the erythrocytic cytoplasmic virus. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of R. salmoninarum and N. salmincola were observed between Chinook and coho salmon. Based on the prevalence of pathogens observed in this study, disease appears to be a potentially significant factor governing the population numbers of salmon in the Pacific Northwest. Development of a detailed understanding of the principal components influencing the ecology of infectious disease will aid in the development of management and control strategies to mitigate disease in and hence further the recovery of salmon stocks listed under the Endangered Species Act. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary_arkoosh@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 34 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1577/H03-071.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 886ZF UT WOS:000226271100003 ER PT J AU Newsom, RK Banta, RM AF Newsom, RK Banta, RM TI Assimilating coherent Doppler lidar measurements into a model of the atmospheric boundary layer. part II: Sensitivity analyses SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW STRUCTURES; ADJOINT MODEL; TURBULENCE; CASES-99; SURFACE; RETRIEVAL; FIELD; WIND AB A series of trials are performed to evaluate the sensitivity of a 4DVAR algorithm for retrieval of microscale wind and temperature fields from single-Doppler lidar data. These trials use actual Doppler lidar measurements to examine the sensitivity of the retrievals to changes in 1) the prescribed eddy diffusivity profile, 2) the first-guess or base-state virtual potential temperature profile, 3) the phase and duration of the assimilation period, and 4) the grid resolution. The retrieved fields are well correlated among trials over a reasonable range of variation in the eddy diffusivity coefficients. However, the retrievals are quite sensitive to changes in the gradients of the first-guess or base-state virtual potential temperature profile, and to changes in the phase (start time) and duration of the assimilation period. Retrievals using different grid resolutions exhibit similar larger-scale structure, but differ considerably in the smaller scales. Increasing the grid resolution significantly improved the fit to the radial velocity measurements, improved the convergence rate, and produced variances and fluxes that were in better agreement with tower-based sonic anemometers. Horizontally averaged variance and heat flux profiles derived from the final time steps of all the retrievals are similar to typical large-eddy-simulation (LES) results for the convective boundary layer. However, all retrieved statistics show significant nonstationarity because fluctuations in the initial state tend to be confined within the boundaries of the scan. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Newsom, RK (reprint author), Harris Corp, POB 37,MS W3-3330, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. EM rnewsom@harris.com RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1809 EP 1824 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1676.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300005 ER PT J AU Friedrich, K Hagen, M AF Friedrich, K Hagen, M TI Evaluation of wind vectors measured by a bistatic Doppler radar network SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELDS; TRANSMITTER; VELOCITIES AB By installing and linking additional receivers to a monostatic Doppler radar, several wind components can be measured and combined into a wind vector field. Such a bistatic Doppler radar network was developed in 1993 by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and has been in operation at different research departments. Since then, the accuracy of wind vectors has been investigated mainly based on theoretical examinations. Observational analysis of the accuracy has been limited to comparisons of dual-Doppler-derived wind vectors always including the monostatic Doppler radar. Intercomparisons to independent wind measurements have not yet been accomplished. In order to become an alternative to monostatic multiple-Doppler applications, the reliability of wind vector fields has to be also proven by observational analysis. In this paper wind vectors measured by a bistatic Doppler radar network are evaluated by 1) internally comparing results of bistatic receivers; 2) comparing with independent wind measurements observed by a second Doppler radar; and 3) comparing with in situ flight measurements achieved with a research aircraft during stratiform precipitation events. Investigations show how reliable bistatically measured wind fields are and how they can contribute highly to research studies, weather surveillance, and forecasting. As a result of the intercomparison, the instrumentation error of the bistatic receivers can be assumed to be within 1 m s(-1). Differences between bistatic Doppler radar and independent measurements range mainly between 2 and 3 m s(-1). C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphaere, Wessling, Germany. RP Friedrich, K (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ETL, Mail Code R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM Katja.Friedrich@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1840 EP 1854 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1679.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300007 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ AF Powell, CJ TI Improvements in the reliability of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual James L Waters Symposium CY MAR 17-22, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; LEVEL BINDING-ENERGIES; PEAK-PARAMETER ERRORS; STANDARD TEST DATA; EXPERIMENTAL OPTICAL-DATA; DIOXIDE FILM THICKNESSES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; QUANTITATIVE AES C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 117 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1734 EP 1750 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 870ZQ UT WOS:000225098400006 ER PT J AU Hartten, LM Datulayta, PA AF Hartten, LM Datulayta, PA TI Seasonal and interannual variations in the daily cycle of winds over the Galapagos SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; PROFILERS AB While the daily cycle of near-surface winds over the equatorial east Pacific has been studied in some detail, little is known about the daily cycle above the surface layer. Furthermore, the causes of the observed near-surface daily cycle are not well understood. A better understanding of the structure and forcing mechanisms at work on the lower-tropospheric winds over this region may increase our appreciation for the varying importance of local and remote atmospheric and oceanic processes. This study documents the daily cycle of lower-tropospheric winds over one of the Galapagos Islands during the late 1990s, as well as how it varied seasonally and interannually, using half-hourly profiler winds. The well-known zonal semidiurnal tide is evident in the data, as is a diurnal cycle that is predominantly meridional and may be driven by the results of convection over the Andes. In addition, the high vertical resolution of the wind profiles reveals a decoupling of the daily cycle of winds below; similar to500 m from those aloft during periods of cold (<23&DEG;C) SSTs. This decoupling, which is not evident in long-term mean profiles that effectively filter the daily cycle, may inhibit the vertical mixing of momentum or vertical propagation of tidal or wave signatures over the region. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, SMART Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Leslie.M.Hartten@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 23 BP 4522 EP 4530 DI 10.1175/3217.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876MP UT WOS:000225501400004 ER PT J AU Jones, C Waliser, DE Lau, KM Stern, W AF Jones, C Waliser, DE Lau, KM Stern, W TI Global occurrences of extreme precipitation and the Madden-Julian oscillation: Observations and predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; INTRASEASONAL CONVECTIVE ANOMALIES; EXTENDED-RANGE PREDICTION; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; AMERICAN-MONSOON-SYSTEM; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT; CUMULUS CLOUD ENSEMBLE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FORECAST MODEL; SOUTH-AMERICA AB This study investigates 1) the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and global occurrences of extreme precipitation, 2) the degree to which a general circulation model with a relatively realistic representation of the MJO simulates its influence on extremes, and 3) a possible modulation of the MJO on potential predictability of extreme precipitation events. The observational analysis shows increased frequency of extremes during active MJO phases in many locations. On a global scale, extreme events during active MJO periods are about 40% higher than in quiescent phases of the oscillation in locations of statistically significant signals. A 10-yr National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Laboratory for the Atmospheres (GLA) GCM simulation with fixed climatological SSTs is used to generate a control run and predictability experiments. Overall, the GLA model has a realistic representation of extremes in tropical convective regions associated with the MJO, although some shortcomings also seem to be present. The GLA model shows a robust signal in the frequency of extremes in the North Pacific and on the west coast of North America, which somewhat agrees with observational studies. The analysis of predictability experiments indicates higher success in the prediction of extremes during an active MJO than in quiescent situations. Overall, the predictability experiments indicate the mean number of correct forecasts of extremes during active MJO periods to be nearly twice the correct number of extremes during quiescent phases of the oscillation in locations of statistically significant signals. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@icess.ucsb.edu RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 57 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 23 BP 4575 EP 4589 DI 10.1175/3238.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876MP UT WOS:000225501400008 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL Balaji, V Broccoli, AJ Cooke, WF Delworth, TL Dixon, KW Donner, LJ Dunne, KA Freidenreich, SM Garner, ST Gudgel, RG Gordon, CT Held, IM Hemler, RS Horowitz, LW Klein, SA Knutson, TR Kushner, PJ Langenhost, AR Lau, NC Liang, Z Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Nath, MJ Ploshay, JJ Ramaswamy, V Schwarzkopf, MD Shevliakova, E Sirutis, JJ Soden, BJ Stern, WF Thompson, LA Wilson, RJ Wittenberg, AT Wyman, BL AF Anderson, JL Balaji, V Broccoli, AJ Cooke, WF Delworth, TL Dixon, KW Donner, LJ Dunne, KA Freidenreich, SM Garner, ST Gudgel, RG Gordon, CT Held, IM Hemler, RS Horowitz, LW Klein, SA Knutson, TR Kushner, PJ Langenhost, AR Lau, NC Liang, Z Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Nath, MJ Ploshay, JJ Ramaswamy, V Schwarzkopf, MD Shevliakova, E Sirutis, JJ Soden, BJ Stern, WF Thompson, LA Wilson, RJ Wittenberg, AT Wyman, BL CA GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Dev TI The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; STEP-MOUNTAIN COORDINATE; CLOUD LIQUID WATER; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY AB The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical core, a prognostic cloud scheme, and a multispecies aerosol climatology, as well as components from previous models used at GFDL. The land model, known as LM2, includes soil sensible and latent heat storage, groundwater storage, and stomatal resistance. The performance of the coupled model AM2-LM2 is evaluated with a series of prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations. Particular focus is given to the model's climatology and the characteristics of interannual variability related to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). One AM2-LM2 integration was performed according to the prescriptions of the second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) and data were submitted to the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI). Particular strengths of AM2-LM2, as judged by comparison to other models participating in AMIP II, include its circulation and distributions of precipitation. Prominent problems of AM2 LM2 include a cold bias to surface and tropospheric temperatures, weak tropical cyclone activity, and weak tropical intraseasonal activity associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. An ensemble of 10 AM2-LM2 integrations with observed SSTs for the second half of the twentieth century permits a statistically reliable assessment of the model's response to ENSO. In general, AM2-LM2 produces a realistic simulation of the anomalies in tropical precipitation and extratropical circulation that are associated with ENSO. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RS Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,US Rte 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Stephen.Klein@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 110 TC 340 Z9 342 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 24 BP 4641 EP 4673 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 884KZ UT WOS:000226084900005 ER PT J AU Thomas, SM Heidinger, AK Pavolonis, MJ AF Thomas, SM Heidinger, AK Pavolonis, MJ TI Comparison of NOAA's operational AVHRR-derived cloud amount to other satellite-derived cloud climatologies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; RADIATION BUDGET; CLIMATE; ISCCP; MODIS; VARIABILITY; DATASETS; IMAGERY; COVER; SPACE AB A comparison is made between a new operational NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) global cloud amount product to those from established satellite-derived cloud climatologies. The new operational NOAA AVHRR cloud amount is derived using the cloud detection scheme in the extended Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR-x) system. The cloud mask within CLAVR-x is a replacement for the Clouds from AVHRR phase 1 (CLAVR-1) cloud mask. Previous analysis of the CLAVR-1 cloud climatologies reveals that its utility for climate studies is reduced by poor high-latitude performance and the inability to include data from the morning orbiting satellites. This study demonstrates, through comparison with established satellite-derived cloud climatologies, the ability of CLAVR-x to overcome the two main shortcomings of the CLAVR-1-derived cloud climatologies. While systematic differences remain in the cloud amounts from CLAVR-x and other climatologies, no evidence is seen that these differences represent a failure of the CLAVR-x cloud detection scheme. Comparisons for July 1995 and January 1996 indicate that for most latitude zones, CLAVR-x produces less cloud than the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and the University of Wisconsin High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (UW HIRS). Comparisons to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for 1-8 April 2003 also reveal that CLAVR-x tends to produce less cloud. Comparison of the seasonal cycle (July-January) of cloud difference with ISCCP, however, indicates close agreement. It is argued that these differences may be due to the methodology used to construct a cloud amount from the individual pixel-level cloud detection results. Overall, the global cloud amounts from CLAVR-x appear to be an improvement over those from CLAVR-1 and compare well to those from established satellite cloud climatologies. The CLAVR-x cloud detection results have been operational since late 2003 and are available in real time from NOAA. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53719 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Thomas, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53719 USA. EM saraht@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 24 BP 4805 EP 4822 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3242.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 884KZ UT WOS:000226084900014 ER PT J AU Carrera, ML Higgins, RW Kousky, VE AF Carrera, ML Higgins, RW Kousky, VE TI Downstream weather impacts associated with atmospheric blocking over the northeast Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LIFE-CYCLES; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; SST ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; FREQUENCY AB Relationships between atmospheric blocking over the Alaskan region of the northeast Pacific, referred to as Alaskan blocking, and weather extremes over North America during boreal winter 1979-2000 are examined. A total of 37 atmospheric blocking events are identified with durations ranging from 8 to 25 days and a mean duration of 11.3 days. A total of 15.6% of the days during the boreal winter belonged to an Alaskan blocking event. The number of blocked days over the Alaskan region was found to be sensitive to the phase of the ENSO cycle with a reduced ( increased) number of blocked days during El Nino (LaNina/neutral) winters. The average number of blocked days during El Nino winters was 12, compared with 31.2 and 27 for neutral and La Nina winters, respectively. The mature Alaskan block possesses characteristics, which are typical of blocking episodes, including the equivalent barotropic structure of the blocking anticyclone, the meridional flow both upstream and downstream of the block, the equatorward shift of the Pacific storm track, downstream development of 500-hPa geopotential height, and sea level pressure anomalies over North America. The surface temperature analysis revealed a significant shift in the daily mean surface temperature distribution during Alaskan blocking toward colder temperatures in the region extending from the Yukon southeastward to the southern plains of the United States, associated with a reduced variance of surface temperatures. Over extreme western Alaska there is a shift in the daily mean surface temperature distribution toward warmer temperatures. The shift toward colder ( warmer) daily mean surface temperatures is also accompanied by a shift in the tails of the distribution toward more extreme cold ( warm) days in these two regions. During Alaskan blocking, the regions of southern California, the Southwest, and the Intermountain West all possess a higher frequency of heavy precipitation days when compared with the long-term winter climatology. Over the eastern half of the United States, the Ohio Valley and the southeast regions experience a greater percentage of heavy precipitation days during Alaskan blocking. C1 NOAA, RSIS, NWS, NCEP,Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP NOAA, RSIS, NWS, NCEP,Climate Predict Ctr, Rm 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Marco.Carrera@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 24 BP 4823 EP 4839 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3237.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 884KZ UT WOS:000226084900015 ER PT J AU Maa, JPY Hobbs, CH Kim, SC Wei, E AF Maa, JPY Hobbs, CH Kim, SC Wei, E TI Potential impacts of sand mining offshore of Maryland and Delaware: Part I - Impacts on physical oceanographic processes SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dredging; wave transformation; tidal current; storm surge; shoreline responses; numerical simulation ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; WATER; TRANSFORMATION; VIRGINIA; EQUATION; MODELS; COAST AB effort to assess the possible changes to physical oceanographic processes that might result from alteration of bathymetry as a result of dredging or sand mining, we evaluated the differences in the output of various numerical models run with the natural and hypothetical post-dredging bottom conditions. Fenwick and Isle of Wight Shoals offshore of the Delaware-Maryland border of the mid-Atlantic continental shelf served as the test site. We considered two dredging scenarios, a one-time removal of 2 x 10(6) m(3) of sand from each of two shoals and a cumulative removal of 24.4 x 10(6) m(3), but only the larger appeared significant. The study of wave transformation processes relied upon a series of runs of the REF/DIF-1 model using sixty wave conditions selected from analysis of the records from a nearby, offshore wave gauge. The model was tuned and calibrated by comparing measured near-shore wave conditions with data calculated using the same measured offshore waves that generated the real near-shore conditions. The modeled, post-dredging data indicated an increase in wave height of up to a factor of two in the area between the dredged shoals and the shore and, in some locations, a lesser increase in breaking wave height and a decrease in breaking wave height modulation. The model results also may help explain the existing pattern of erosion and relative stability. Application of the well-known SLOSH model (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) for storm surge and POM (Princeton Ocean Model) for tidal currents indicates that the likely dredging related changes in those processes are negligible. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USA, Environm Lab, ERDC, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maa, JPY (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 44 EP 60 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[44:PIOSMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 808DN UT WOS:000220549900004 ER PT J AU Peak, RS Lubell, J Srinivasan, V Waterbury, SC AF Peak, RS Lubell, J Srinivasan, V Waterbury, SC TI STEP, XML, and UML: Complementary technologies SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB One important aspect of product lifecycle management (PLM) is the computer-sensible representation of product information. Over the past 15 years or so, several languages and technologies have emerged that vary in their emphasis and applicability for such usage. ISO 10303, informally known as the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), contains the high-quality product information models needed for electronic business solutions. By using STEP, the aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries are saving $150M/yr primarily in areas related to geometric modeling. However, traditional STEP-based model information is represented using languages that are unfamiliar to most application developers, thus impeding widespread usage in other areas. This paper discusses efforts underway to make STEP information models available via mechanisms familiar to more business application developers, specifically XML and the Unified Modeling Language(TM) (UML(R)). We also present a vision and roadmap for STEP integration with XML, UML, and other technologies to enable enhanced PLM interoperability. Our conclusion is that STEP, XML, and UML are complementary technologies, where STEP provides significant standardized content models, while XML and UML provide enhanced implementation methods. Together, they are a powerful force to enable pervasive digital representation and sharing of diverse technical information. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Mfg Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, White Plains, NY 10604 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Mfg Res Ctr, 813 Ferst Dr,MARC 373, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM russell.peak@marc.gatech.edu; lubell@nist.gov; vasan@us.ibm.com; stephen.c.waterbury@nasa.gov NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1115/1.1818683 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 892JJ UT WOS:000226646400012 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Quinn, JB Giuseppetti, AA AF Xu, HHK Quinn, JB Giuseppetti, AA TI Wear and mechanical properties of nano-silica-fused whisker composites SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental resin composite; nano-silica-fused whiskers; wear; mechanical properties; mechanisms ID DENTAL RESIN COMPOSITES; IN-VITRO WEAR; POSTERIOR COMPOSITE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FILLER LEVEL; 3-BODY WEAR; GLASS; CONVERSION; MODULUS; CURE AB Resin composites must be improved if they are to overcome the high failure rates in large stress-bearing posterior restorations. This study aimed to improve wear resistance via nano-silica-fused whiskers. It was hypothesized that nano- silica-fused whiskers would significantly improve composite mechanical properties and wear resistance. Nano-silicas were fused onto whiskers and incorporated into a resin at mass fractions of 0%- 74%. Fracture toughness ( mean +/- SD; n = 6) was 2.92 +/- 0.14 MPa . m(1/2) for whisker composite with 74% fillers, higher than 1.13 +/- 0.19 MPa . m(1/2) for a prosthetic control, and 0.95 +/- 0.11 MPa . m(1/2) for an inlay/onlay control (Tukey's at 0.95). A whisker composite with 74% fillers had a wear depth of 77.7 +/- 6.9 mum, less than 118.0 +/- 23.8 mum of an inlay/onlay control, and 172.5 +/- 15.4 mum of a prosthetic control ( p < 0.05). Linear correlations were established between wear and hardness, modulus, strength, and toughness, with R = 0.95-0.97. Novel nano- silica-fused whisker composites possessed high toughness and wear resistance with smooth worn surfaces, and may be useful in large stress-bearing restorations. C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Bldg 224,Room A-153,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE12476] NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 12 BP 930 EP 935 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 894MS UT WOS:000226796600008 PM 15557400 ER PT J AU Hayes, SA Bond, MH Hanson, CV MacFarlane, RB AF Hayes, SA Bond, MH Hanson, CV MacFarlane, RB TI Interactions between endangered wild and hatchery salmonids: can the pitfalls of artificial propagation be avoided in small coastal streams? SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Fisheries-Society-of-the-British-Isles CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP Fisheries Soc British Isle DE coastal watershed; coho salmon; conservation; hatchery; steelhead; wild ID DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FARM SALMON; COHO; KISUTCH; POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD AB Hatchery and wild juvenile populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, in a small coastal watershed in central California, were sampled throughout the year in a stream and at a hatchery. Both species grew faster in captivity than in the wild. Hatchery fish of both species had elevated gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and thus were ready to enter sea water when planted during the wild fish migration. Downstream migrant trapping and stream surveys indicated that hatchery smolts went to sea soon after planting, consequently avoiding the effects of competition and predation that commonly occur when hatchery-bred juveniles are released. Adult steelhead were also sampled throughout the watershed. The return of hatchery steelhead was highly synchronized with that of wild steelhead, indicating that hatchery propagation had no adverse effects on the timing of the run. A disproportionate number of hatchery steelhead returned to the tributary where the hatchery was located, despite being planted throughout the watershed. Hatchery steelhead did not differ in mean age or size from wild steelhead. Observations of spawning indicated that hatchery and wild steelhead interbreed. Competition for mates or spawning substratum was rarely observed between hatchery and wild steelhead. Many of the problems commonly associated with artificial propagation can be avoided in small coastal watersheds when wild broodstock are used and fish are released as smolts. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 NOAA, Fisheries SWFSC, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries SWFSC, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 SU A BP 101 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00547.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 884WZ UT WOS:000226118700007 ER EF